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Hill</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Austin Bradford Hill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Austin Bradford Hill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" title="Austin Bradford Hill – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Austin Bradford Hill" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English epidemiologist and statistician (1897–1991)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Massachusetts State Rep., see <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Hill" title="Bradford Hill">Bradford Hill</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sir Austin Bradford Hill</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg/220px-Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg/330px-Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg/440px-Austin_Bradford_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="1447" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July 1897<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 April 1991<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1991-04-19</span>)</span> (aged 93)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ulverston" title="Ulverston">Ulverston</a>, Cumbria, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiologist">Epidemiologist</a> <br /> statistician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">Randomised controlled trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Hill_criteria" title="Bradford Hill criteria">"Bradford Hill" criteria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Medal" title="Guy Medal">Guy Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gold, 1953)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Austin Bradford Hill</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (8 July 1897 – 18 April 1991) was an English <a href="/wiki/Epidemiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemiologist">epidemiologist</a> who pioneered the modern randomised <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a> and, together with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a>, demonstrated the connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. Hill is widely known for pioneering the <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Hill_criteria" title="Bradford Hill criteria">"Bradford Hill" criteria</a> for determining a causal association.<sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage_obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_(1866-1952)_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg/220px-At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg/330px-At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg/440px-At_Nafferton_Lodge_on_this_site_lived_Sir_Leonard_Hill_FRS_%281866-1952%29_Medical_researcher_and_his_son_Austin_Bradford_Hill_FRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> commemorating the family home in Loughton</figcaption></figure> <p>Hill was born in London, son of Sir <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Erskine_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Erskine Hill">Leonard Erskine Hill</a> FRS, a distinguished physiologist, and Janet Alexander. He was the grandson of noted scholar <a href="/wiki/George_Birkbeck_Hill" title="George Birkbeck Hill">George Birkbeck Hill</a>. As a child he lived at the family home, Osborne House, <a href="/wiki/Loughton" title="Loughton">Loughton</a>, Essex; he was educated at <a href="/wiki/Chigwell_School" title="Chigwell School">Chigwell School</a>, Essex. He served as a pilot in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> but was invalided out when he contracted <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. Two years in hospital and two years of convalescence put a medical qualification out of the question and he took a degree in economics by correspondence at <a href="/wiki/London_University" class="mw-redirect" title="London University">London University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1922, Hill went to work for the Industry Fatigue Research Board. He was associated with the medical statistician <a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a> and, to improve his statistical knowledge, Hill attended lectures by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Pearson" title="Karl Pearson">Karl Pearson</a>. When Greenwood accepted a chair at the newly formed <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_and_Tropical_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</a>, Hill moved with him, becoming Reader in Epidemiology and Vital Statistics in 1933 and Professor of Medical Statistics in 1947. In 1947, he was appointed Honorary Director of the Medical Research Council's Statistical Research Unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage_obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hill had a distinguished career in research and teaching and as author of a very successful textbook, <i>Principles of Medical Statistics</i>, but he is famous for two landmark studies. He was the statistician on the Medical Research Council Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Trials Committee and their study evaluating the use of streptomycin in treating tuberculosis,<sup id="cite_ref-strepto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strepto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is generally accepted as the first modern randomised clinical trial. The use of randomisation in agricultural experiments had been pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Aylmer_Fisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Aylmer Fisher">Ronald Aylmer Fisher</a>. The second study was rather a series of studies with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a> on smoking and lung cancer. The first paper, published in 1950, was a <a href="/wiki/Case-control_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Case-control study">case-control study</a> comparing lung cancer patients with matched controls. Doll and Hill also started a <a href="/wiki/Prospective_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospective study">long-term prospective study</a> of smoking and health. This was an investigation of the smoking habits and health of 40,701 British doctors for several years (<a href="/wiki/British_doctors_study" class="mw-redirect" title="British doctors study">British doctors study</a>). Fisher was in profound disagreement with the conclusions and procedures of the smoking/cancer work and from 1957 he criticised the work in the press and in academic publications. </p><p>In 1965, built upon the work of <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a>, Hill suggested several aspects of <a href="/wiki/Causality#Biology,_medicine_and_epidemiology" title="Causality">causality in medicine and biology</a>, which have remained in use by epidemiologists to date. </p><p>On Hill's death in 1991, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> wrote, "to anyone involved in medical statistics, <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiology</a> or public health, Bradford Hill was quite simply the world's leading medical statistician." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1950–52, Hill was president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RSS_presidency_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSS_presidency-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded its <a href="/wiki/Guy_Medal" title="Guy Medal">Guy Medal</a> in Gold in 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-Guy_Medal_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guy_Medal-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Harben Gold Medal of the Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.<sup id="cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armitage_obit-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Society awards a medal in the field of medical statistics in Hill's name.<sup id="cite_ref-RSS_BH_Medal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSS_BH_Medal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hill was made a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> (FRS) in 1954. Fisher was one of the proposers. The certificate of election read: </p> <blockquote> <p>Has, by the application of statistical methods, made valuable contributions to our knowledge of the incidence and aetiology of industrial diseases, of the effects of internal migration upon mortality rates, and of the natural and experimental epidemiology of various infections, for example of the risks of an attack of <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">poliomyelitis</a> following inoculation procedures and of the risk of congenital abnormalities being precipitated by maternal rubella in the pregnant woman. Since the war he has demonstrated in an exact and controlled field survey the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of cancer of the lung, and has been the leader in the development in medicine of the precise experimental methods now used nationally and internationally in the evaluation of new therapeutic and <a href="/wiki/Prophylactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophylactic">prophylactic</a> agents. </p> </blockquote> <p>He was appointed a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in the <a href="/wiki/1951_Birthday_Honours" title="1951 Birthday Honours">1951 Birthday Honours</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and knighted in the <a href="/wiki/1961_Birthday_Honours" title="1961 Birthday Honours">1961 Birthday Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Principles of Medical Statistics" (1937) London: <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a>, 1937.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDollHill1950" class="citation journal cs1">Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1 September 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2038856">"Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a></i>. <b>2</b> (4682): 739–748. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.2.4682.739">10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1447">0007-1447</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2038856">2038856</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14772469">14772469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Smoking+and+Carcinoma+of+the+Lung&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4682&rft.pages=739-748&rft.date=1950-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2038856%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0007-1447&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14772469&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.2.4682.739&rft.aulast=Doll&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Hill%2C+A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2038856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDollHill1954" class="citation journal cs1">Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2085438">"The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (4877): 1451–1455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4877.1451">10.1136/bmj.1.4877.1451</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2085438">2085438</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13160495">13160495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+mortality+of+doctors+in+relation+to+their+smoking+habits%3B+a+preliminary+report&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4877&rft.pages=1451-1455&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2085438%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13160495&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4877.1451&rft.aulast=Doll&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Hill%2C+A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2085438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1965" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, A. B. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1898525">"The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine">Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine</a></i>. <b>58</b> (5): 295–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003591576505800503">10.1177/003591576505800503</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1898525">1898525</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14283879">14283879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Environment+and+Disease%3A+Association+or+Causation%3F&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=295-300&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1898525%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14283879&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F003591576505800503&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1898525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/hill">[1]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalmers2003" class="citation journal cs1">Chalmers, I. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg295">"Fisher and Bradford Hill: Theory and pragmatism?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Epidemiology" title="International Journal of Epidemiology">International Journal of Epidemiology</a></i>. <b>32</b> (6): 922–924, discussion 924–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg295">10.1093/ije/dyg295</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681246">14681246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Fisher+and+Bradford+Hill%3A+Theory+and+pragmatism%3F&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=922-924%2C+discussion+924-8&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg295&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14681246&rft.aulast=Chalmers&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyg295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmitage2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Armitage, Peter</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg286">"Fisher, Bradford Hill, and randomization"</a>. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 925–928, discussion 928–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg286">10.1093/ije/dyg286</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681247">14681247</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Fisher%2C+Bradford+Hill%2C+and+randomization&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=925-928%2C+discussion+928-8&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg286&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14681247&rft.aulast=Armitage&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyg286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoll2003" class="citation journal cs1">Doll, R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg287">"Fisher and Bradford Hill: Their personal impact"</a>. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 929–931, discussion 931–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg287">10.1093/ije/dyg287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681248">14681248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Fisher+and+Bradford+Hill%3A+Their+personal+impact&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=929-931%2C+discussion+931-8&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg287&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14681248&rft.aulast=Doll&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyg287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg316">"Fisher and Bradford Hill: A discussion"</a>. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 945–948. 2003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg316">10.1093/ije/dyg316</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Fisher+and+Bradford+Hill%3A+A+discussion&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=945-948&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyg316&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyg316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that Austin Bradford Hill's surname was Hill and he went by the name "Tony".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He published under the name "A.B. Hill" in early articles, "A. Bradford Hill" beginning in the 1930s (to distinguish himself from A.V. Hill), and "Sir Austin Bradford Hill" after he was knighted in 1961. He is often referred to as Bradford Hill, sometimes with a misleading hyphen as in "Bradford-Hill criteria."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmitage1991" class="citation journal cs1">Armitage, P (May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-985X.1991.tb00329.x">"Obituary: Sir Austin Bradford Hill, 1897–1991"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society)</i>. <b>154</b> (3): 482–484. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-985X.1991.tb00329.x">10.1111/j.1467-985X.1991.tb00329.x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%2C+Series+A+%28Statistics+in+Society%29&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Sir+Austin+Bradford+Hill%2C+1897%E2%80%931991&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=482-484&rft.date=1991-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-985X.1991.tb00329.x&rft.aulast=Armitage&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1467-985X.1991.tb00329.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoll1993" class="citation journal cs1">Doll, Richard (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1848247">"Austin Bradford Hill, 1897–1991"</a>. <i>Statistics in Medicine</i>. <b>12</b> (8): 795–808. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fsim.4780120808">10.1002/sim.4780120808</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1848247">1848247</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20326855">20326855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Austin+Bradford+Hill%2C+1897%E2%80%931991&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=795-808&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1848247%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20326855&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fsim.4780120808&rft.aulast=Doll&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1848247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoll1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Doll, R.</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1994.0032">"Austin Bradford Hill. 8 July 1897 – 18 April 1991"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>40</b>: 128–140. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1994.0032">10.1098/rsbm.1994.0032</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Austin+Bradford+Hill.+8+July+1897+%E2%80%93+18+April+1991&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=128-140&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1994.0032&rft.aulast=Doll&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.1994.0032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armitage_obit-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armitage_obit_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarewellJohnson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Farewell, V.; Johnson, T. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+42370&rft.pages=4144&rft.date=1961-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F42370%2Fsupplement%2F4144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustin+Bradford+Hill" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Bradford_Hill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Austin_Bradford_Hill" class="extiw" title="q:Austin Bradford Hill">Austin Bradford Hill</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Doll has some comments on his teacher and boss in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050411023406/http://www.cancerworld.org/CancerWorld/getStaticModFile.aspx?id=269">Interview with Richard Doll</a></li> <li>Photographs of Hill: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/people/hill.gif">on University of York site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait.php?search=ss&sText=austin+bradford+hill&LinkID=mp71509&rNo=0&role=sit">on National Portrait Gallery site</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Gold_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gold medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(philanthropist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Booth (philanthropist)">Charles Booth</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Giffen" title="Robert Giffen">Robert Giffen</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervoise_Athelstane_Baines" title="Jervoise Athelstane Baines">Jervoise Athelstane Baines</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Craigie" title="Patrick Craigie">Patrick G. Craigie</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">G. Udny Yule</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._C._Stevenson" title="T. H. C. Stevenson">T. H. C. Stevenson</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Flux" title="Alfred William Flux">A. William Flux</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">A. L. Bowley</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R. A. Fisher</a> (1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Bradford Hill</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">E. S. Pearson</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">Frank Yates</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">M. G. Kendall</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_Cram%C3%A9r" title="Harald Cramér">Harald Cramér</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">David Cox</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">G. A. Barnard</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">Roy Allen</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Kendall" title="David George Kendall">D. G. Kendall</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Benjamin" title="Bernard Benjamin">Bernard Benjamin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._P._Box" title="George E. P. Box">George E. P. Box</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(mathematician)" title="Peter Whittle (mathematician)">Peter Whittle</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Healy_(statistician)" title="Michael Healy (statistician)">Michael Healy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lindley" title="Dennis Lindley">Dennis Lindley</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Buckland" title="Stephen Buckland">Stephen Buckland</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reid" title="Nancy Reid">Nancy Reid</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Silver_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Silver medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Glover_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Glover (statistician) (page does not exist)">John Glover</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Sauerbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Sauerbeck (page does not exist)">Augustus Sauerbeck</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">A. L. Bowley</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._J._Atkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. J. Atkinson (page does not exist)">F. J. Atkinson</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._S._Loch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. S. Loch (page does not exist)">C. S. Loch</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Crawford_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Crawford (statistician) (page does not exist)">Richard Crawford</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Welton" title="Thomas A. Welton">Thomas A. Welton</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Hawthorn_Hooker" title="Reginald Hawthorn Hooker">R. H. Hooker</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Guyot" title="Yves Guyot">Yves Guyot</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Thomas" title="D. A. Thomas">D. A. Thomas</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Henry_Rew" title="R. Henry Rew">R. H. Rew</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._H._Shaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. H. Shaw (page does not exist)">W. H. Shaw</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._A._Humphreys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. A. Humphreys (page does not exist)">N. A. Humphreys</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brabrook" title="Edward Brabrook">Edward Brabrook</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Wood_(statistician)" title="George Henry Wood (statistician)">G. H. Wood</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Dudfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Dudfield (page does not exist)">R. Dudfield</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Rowson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Rowson (page does not exist)">S. Rowson</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman_(economist)" title="Sydney Chapman (economist)">S. J. Chapman</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Shield_Nicholson" title="Joseph Shield Nicholson">J. S. Nicholson</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">J. C. Stamp</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_William_Flux" title="Alfred William Flux">A. William Flux</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Macrosty" title="Henry William Macrosty">H. W. Macrosty</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Newbold" title="Ethel Newbold">Ethel Newbold</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Edward_Soper" title="Herbert Edward Soper">H. E. Soper</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._H._Jones_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. H. Jones (economist) (page does not exist)">J. H. Jones</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Snow" title="Ernest Charles Snow">Ernest Charles Snow</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_George_Hawtrey" title="Ralph George Hawtrey">R. G. Hawtrey</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._C._Ramsbottom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. C. Ramsbottom (page does not exist)">E. C. Ramsbottom</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Isserlis" title="Leon Isserlis">L. Isserlis</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Leak" title="Hector Leak">H. Leak</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">M. G. Kendall</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Campion" title="Harry Campion">Harry Campion</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._A._A._Menzler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. A. A. Menzler (page does not exist)">F. A. A. Menzler</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oscar_Irwin" title="Joseph Oscar Irwin">J. O. Irwin</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._H._C._Tippett" title="L. H. C. Tippett">L. H. C. Tippett</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Kendall" title="David George Kendall">D. G. Kendall</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">G. A. Barnard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._C._Fieller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. C. Fieller (page does not exist)">E. C. Fieller</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">D. R. Cox</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vasudeo_Sukhatme" title="Pandurang Vasudeo Sukhatme">P. V. Sukhatme</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._P._Box" title="George E. P. Box">George E. P. Box</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Whittle_(mathematician)" title="Peter Whittle (mathematician)">Peter Whittle</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lindley" title="Dennis Lindley">Dennis Lindley</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Healy_(statistician)" title="Michael Healy (statistician)">Michael Healy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Stone (page does not exist)">M. Stone</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynn" title="Henry Wynn">Henry Wynn</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Besag" title="Julian Besag">Julian Besag</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Gittins" title="John C. Gittins">J. C. Gittins</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Bissell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Bissell (page does not exist)">A. Bissell</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._Pridmore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. Pridmore (page does not exist)">W. Pridmore</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peto" title="Richard Peto">Richard Peto</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Copas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Copas (page does not exist)">John Copas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Aitchison" title="John Aitchison">John Aitchison</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kelly_(mathematician)" title="Frank Kelly (mathematician)">F. P. Kelly</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Clayton" title="David Clayton">David Clayton</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._L._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. L. Smith (page does not exist)">R. L. Smith</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholas_Curnow" title="Robert Nicholas Curnow">Robert Nicholas Curnow</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">A. F. M. Smith</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">B. W. Silverman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steffen_Lauritzen" title="Steffen Lauritzen">Steffen Lauritzen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diggle" title="Peter Diggle">Peter Diggle</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Goldstein" title="Harvey Goldstein">Harvey Goldstein</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gilks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Gilks (page does not exist)">Walter Gilks</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dawid" title="Philip Dawid">Philip Dawid</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hand_(statistician)" title="David Hand (statistician)">David Hand</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanti_Mardia" title="Kanti Mardia">Kanti Mardia</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Donnelly" title="Peter Donnelly">Peter Donnelly</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Titterington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Titterington (page does not exist)">Michael Titterington</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Tong" title="Howell Tong">Howell Tong</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Roberts_(statistician)" title="Gareth Roberts (statistician)">Gareth Roberts</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Richardson" title="Sylvia Richardson">Sylvia Richardson</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_M._Johnstone" title="Iain M. Johnstone">Iain M. Johnstone</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gavin_Hall" title="Peter Gavin Hall">P. G. Hall</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Firth_(statistician)" title="David Firth (statistician)">David Firth</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_D._Ripley" title="Brian D. Ripley">Brian Ripley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianqing_Fan" title="Jianqing Fan">Jianqing Fan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_C._Davison" title="Anthony C. Davison">Anthony Davison</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reid" title="Nancy Reid">Nancy Reid</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Shephard" title="Neil Shephard">Neil Shephard</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_B%C3%BChlmann" title="Peter Bühlmann">Peter Bühlmann</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Murphy" title="Susan Murphy">Susan Murphy</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnaud_Doucet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnaud Doucet (page does not exist)">Arnaud Doucet</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A5vard_Rue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Håvard Rue (page does not exist)">Håvard Rue</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fearnhead" title="Paul Fearnhead">Paul Fearnhead</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bronze_medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bronze medallists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Gemmell_Cochran" title="William Gemmell Cochran">William Gemmell Cochran</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._F._George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. F. George (page does not exist)">R. F. George</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._J._Jennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. J. Jennett (page does not exist)">W. J. Jennett</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Downton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Downton (page does not exist)">F. Downton</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Plackett" title="Robin Plackett">Robin Plackett</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._C._Pike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. C. Pike (page does not exist)">M. C. Pike</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._G._Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. G. Moore (page does not exist)">P. G. Moore</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Bartholomew" title="D. J. Bartholomew">D. J. Bartholomew</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._N._Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. N. Wilkinson (page does not exist)">G. N. Wilkinson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._F._Bissell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. F. Bissell (page does not exist)">A. F. Bissell</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._L._Goldsmith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. L. Goldsmith (page does not exist)">P. L. Goldsmith</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">A. F. M. Smith</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Dawid" title="Philip Dawid">Philip Dawid</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._M._F._Smith" title="T. M. F. Smith">T. M. F. Smith</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._J._Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. J. Fox (page does not exist)">A. J. Fox</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._J._Pocock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. J. Pocock (page does not exist)">S. J. Pocock</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">Peter McCullagh</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">Bernard Silverman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Forbes_Hendry" title="David Forbes Hendry">D. F. Hendry</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._C._Darby" class="mw-redirect" title="S. C. Darby">S. C. Darby</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="S. M. Gore">S. M. Gore</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Isham" title="Valerie Isham">Valerie Isham</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._G._Kenward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. G. Kenward (page does not exist)">M. G. Kenward</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Jennison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Jennison (page does not exist)">C. Jennison</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tawn" title="Jonathan Tawn">Jonathan Tawn</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._F._A._Poultney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. F. A. Poultney (page does not exist)">R. F. A. Poultney</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_M._Johnstone" title="Iain M. Johnstone">Iain M. Johnstone</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._N._S._Matthews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. N. S. Matthews (page does not exist)">J. N. S. Matthews</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Roberts_(statistician)" title="Gareth Roberts (statistician)">Gareth Roberts</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D._Firth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D. Firth (page does not exist)">D. Firth</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._W._F._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. W. F. Smith (page does not exist)">P. W. F. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Forster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Forster (page does not exist)">J. Forster</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Wakefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Wakefield (page does not exist)">J. Wakefield</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Nason" title="Guy Nason">Guy Nason</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geert_Molenberghs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geert Molenberghs (page does not exist)">Geert Molenberghs</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Lynn_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Lynn (statistician) (page does not exist)">Peter Lynn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Best" title="Nicky Best">Nicola Best</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Brooks_(statistician)" title="Steve Brooks (statistician)">Steve Brooks</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stephens_(statistician)" title="Matthew Stephens (statistician)">Matthew Stephens</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fearnhead" title="Paul Fearnhead">Paul Fearnhead</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Steele" title="Fiona Steele">Fiona Steele</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Holmes_(mathematician)" title="Chris Holmes (mathematician)">Chris Holmes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omiros_Papaspiliopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omiros Papaspiliopoulos (page does not exist)">Omiros Papaspiliopoulos</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolai_Meinshausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolai Meinshausen (page does not exist)">Nicolai Meinshausen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Samworth" title="Richard Samworth">Richard Samworth</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piotr_Fryzlewicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piotr Fryzlewicz (page does not exist)">Piotr Fryzlewicz</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ming_Yuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ming Yuan (page does not exist)">Ming Yuan</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchi_Lv" title="Jinchi Lv">Jinchi Lv</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingying_Fan" title="Yingying Fan">Yingying Fan</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peng_Ding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peng Ding (page does not exist)">Peng Ding</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonas_Peters_(statistician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonas Peters (statistician) (page does not exist)">Jonas Peters</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel_McCrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rachel McCrea (page does not exist)">Rachel McCrea</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_E._Jacob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre E. Jacob (page does not exist)">Pierre E. Jacob</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajan_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajan Shah (page does not exist)">Rajan Shah</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Template talk:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_Statistical_Society_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal Statistical Society presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Statistical Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Royal Statistical Society">Royal Statistical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1834–1836 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1836–1838 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lemon" title="Charles Lemon">Sir Charles Lemon, Bt</a></li> <li>1838–1840 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1840–1842 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">Viscount Sandon</a></li> <li>1842–1843 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">The Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li>1843–1845 <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury">Lord Ashley</a></li> <li>1845–1847 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_1st_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon">The Lord Monteagle of Brandon</a></li> <li>1847–1849 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1849–1851 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1851–1853 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Jones-Loyd,_1st_Baron_Overstone" title="Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone">The Lord Overstone</a></li> <li>1853–1855 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth-Fitzwilliam,_5th_Earl_Fitzwilliam" title="Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 5th Earl Fitzwilliam">The Earl FitzWilliam</a></li> <li>1855–1857 <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Ryder,_2nd_Earl_of_Harrowby" title="Dudley Ryder, 2nd Earl of Harrowby">The Earl of Harrowby</a></li> <li>1857–1859 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley,_15th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley</a></li> <li>1859–1861 <a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Lord John Russell</a></li> <li>1861–1863 <a href="/wiki/John_Pakington,_1st_Baron_Hampton" title="John Pakington, 1st Baron Hampton">Sir John Pakington, Bt</a></li> <li>1863–1865 <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sykes" title="William Henry Sykes">William Henry Sykes</a></li> <li>1865–1867 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Monckton_Milnes,_1st_Baron_Houghton" title="Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton">The Lord Houghton</a></li> <li>1867–1869 <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li>1869–1871 <a href="/wiki/William_Newmarch" title="William Newmarch">William Newmarch</a></li> <li>1871–1873 <a href="/wiki/William_Farr" title="William Farr">William Farr</a></li> <li>1873–1875 <a href="/wiki/William_Guy" title="William Guy">William Guy</a></li> <li>1875–1877 <a href="/wiki/James_Heywood_(philanthropist)" title="James Heywood (philanthropist)">James Heywood</a></li> <li>1877–1879 <a href="/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Baron_Eversley" class="mw-redirect" title="George Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Baron Eversley">George Shaw-Lefevre</a></li> <li>1879–1880 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brassey,_1st_Earl_Brassey" title="Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey">Thomas Brassey</a></li> <li>1880–1882 <a href="/wiki/James_Caird_(1816-1892)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Caird (1816-1892)">James Caird</a></li> <li>1882–1884 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Giffen" title="Robert Giffen">Robert Giffen</a></li> <li>1884–1886 <a href="/wiki/Rawson_W._Rawson" title="Rawson W. Rawson">Rawson W. Rawson</a></li> <li>1886–1888 <a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_1st_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen">George Goschen</a></li> <li>1888–1890 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_Balfour" title="Thomas Graham Balfour">Thomas Graham Balfour</a></li> <li>1890–1892 <a href="/wiki/Frederic_J._Mouat" title="Frederic J. Mouat">Frederic J. Mouat</a></li> <li>1892–1894 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Booth_(social_reformer)" title="Charles Booth (social reformer)">Charles Booth</a></li> <li>1894–1896 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farrer,_1st_Baron_Farrer" title="Thomas Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer">The Lord Farrer</a></li> <li>1896–1897 <a href="/wiki/John_Biddulph_Martin" title="John Biddulph Martin">John Biddulph Martin</a></li> <li>1897 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Edmund_Bateman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Edmund Bateman">Alfred Edmund Bateman</a></li> <li>1897–1899 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Courtney,_1st_Baron_Courtney_of_Penwith" title="Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith">Leonard Courtney</a></li> <li>1899–1900 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fowler,_1st_Viscount_Wolverhampton" title="Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton">Henry Fowler</a></li> <li>1900–1902 <a href="/wiki/John_Lubbock,_1st_Baron_Avebury" title="John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury">The Lord Avebury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1902–1904 <a href="/wiki/Patrick_George_Craigie" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick George Craigie">Patrick George Craigie</a></li> <li>1904–1905 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Powell,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Powell, 1st Baronet">Sir Francis Powell, Bt</a></li> <li>1905–1906 <a href="/wiki/William_Onslow,_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">The Earl of Onslow</a></li> <li>1906–1907 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Martin,_1st_Baronet,_of_Overbury_Court" title="Sir Richard Martin, 1st Baronet, of Overbury Court">Richard Martin</a></li> <li>1907–1909 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Dilke,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet">Sir Charles Dilke, Bt</a></li> <li>1909–1910 <a href="/wiki/Jervoise_Athelstane_Baines" title="Jervoise Athelstane Baines">Jervoise Athelstane Baines</a></li> <li>1910–1912 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1912–1914 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ysidro_Edgeworth" title="Francis Ysidro Edgeworth">Francis Ysidro Edgeworth</a></li> <li>1914–1915 <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Welby,_1st_Baron_Welby" title="Reginald Welby, 1st Baron Welby">The Lord Welby</a></li> <li>1915–1916 <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a></li> <li>1916–1918 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mallet" title="Bernard Mallet">Bernard Mallet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Registrar General">Registrar General</a></li> <li>1918–1920 <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel,_1st_Viscount_Samuel" title="Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a></li> <li>1920–1922 <a href="/wiki/R._Henry_Rew" title="R. Henry Rew">R. Henry Rew</a></li> <li>1922–1924 <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Emmott,_1st_Baron_Emmott" title="Alfred Emmott, 1st Baron Emmott">The Lord Emmott</a></li> <li>1924–1926 <a href="/wiki/Udny_Yule" title="Udny Yule">Udny Yule</a></li> <li>1926–1928 <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Vincent,_1st_Viscount_D%27Abernon" title="Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D'Abernon">The Viscount D'Abernon</a></li> <li>1928–1930 <a href="/wiki/A._William_Flux" class="mw-redirect" title="A. William Flux">A. William Flux</a></li> <li>1930–1932 <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Stamp,_1st_Baron_Stamp" title="Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp">Sir Josiah Stamp</a></li> <li>1932–1934 <a href="/wiki/James_Meston,_1st_Baron_Meston" title="James Meston, 1st Baron Meston">The Lord Meston</a></li> <li>1934–1936 <a href="/wiki/Major_Greenwood" title="Major Greenwood">Major Greenwood</a></li> <li>1936–1938 <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Young,_1st_Baron_Kennet" title="Hilton Young, 1st Baron Kennet">The Lord Kennet</a></li> <li>1938–1940 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lyon_Bowley" title="Arthur Lyon Bowley">Arthur Lyon Bowley</a></li> <li>1940–1941 <a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Macrosty" title="Henry William Macrosty">Henry William Macrosty</a></li> <li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Hector_Leak" title="Hector Leak">Hector Leak</a></li> <li>1941–1943 <a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">William Beveridge</a></li> <li>1943–1945 <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Charles_Snow" title="Ernest Charles Snow">Ernest Charles Snow</a></li> <li>1945–1947 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marquis,_1st_Earl_of_Woolton" title="Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton">The Lord Woolton</a></li> <li>1947–1949 <a href="/wiki/David_Heron_(statistician)" title="David Heron (statistician)">David Heron</a></li> <li>1949–1950 <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Heyworth,_1st_Baron_Heyworth" title="Geoffrey Heyworth, 1st Baron Heyworth">Sir Geoffrey Heyworth</a></li> <li>1950–1952 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Austin Bradford Hill</a></li> <li>1952–1954 <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1954–1955 <a href="/wiki/William_Piercy,_1st_Baron_Piercy" title="William Piercy, 1st Baron Piercy">The Lord Piercy</a></li> <li>1955–1957 <a href="/wiki/Egon_Pearson" title="Egon Pearson">Egon Pearson</a></li> <li>1957–1959 <a href="/wiki/Harry_Campion" title="Harry Campion">Harry Campion</a></li> <li>1959–1960 <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Beaver" title="Hugh Beaver">Hugh Beaver</a></li> <li>1960–1962 <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Kendall" title="Maurice Kendall">Maurice Kendall</a></li> <li>1962–1964 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oscar_Irwin" title="Joseph Oscar Irwin">Joseph Oscar Irwin</a></li> <li>1964–1965 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chambers_(industrialist)" title="Paul Chambers (industrialist)">Sir Paul Chambers</a></li> <li>1965–1966 <a href="/wiki/L._H._C._Tippett" title="L. H. C. Tippett">L. H. C. Tippett</a></li> <li>1966–1967 <a href="/wiki/M._S._Bartlett" title="M. S. Bartlett">M. S. Bartlett</a></li> <li>1967–1968 <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">Frank Yates</a></li> <li>1968–1969 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Arthur Cockfield</a></li> <li>1969–1970 <a href="/wiki/R._G._D._Allen" title="R. G. D. Allen">R. G. D. Allen</a></li> <li>1970–1971 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Benjamin" title="Bernard Benjamin">Bernard Benjamin</a></li> <li>1971–1972 <a href="/wiki/George_Alfred_Barnard" title="George Alfred Barnard">George Alfred Barnard</a></li> <li>1972–1973 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li>1973–1974 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Finney" title="D. J. Finney">D. J. Finney</a></li> <li>1974–1975 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Daniels_(statistician)" title="Henry Daniels (statistician)">Henry Daniels</a></li> <li>1975–1977 <a href="/wiki/Stella_Cunliffe" title="Stella Cunliffe">Stella Cunliffe</a></li> <li>1977–1978 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wynn" title="Henry Wynn">Henry Wynn</a></li> <li>1978–1980 <a href="/wiki/Claus_Moser,_Baron_Moser" title="Claus Moser, Baron Moser">Sir Claus Moser</a></li> <li>1980–1982 <a href="/wiki/David_Cox_(statistician)" title="David Cox (statistician)">David Cox</a></li> <li>1982–1984 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Armitage_(statistician)" title="Peter Armitage (statistician)">Peter Armitage</a></li> <li>1984–1985 <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bodmer" title="Walter Bodmer">Walter Bodmer</a></li> <li>1985–1986 <a href="/wiki/John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">John Nelder</a></li> <li>1986–1987 <a href="/wiki/James_Durbin" title="James Durbin">James Durbin</a></li> <li>1987–1989 <a href="/wiki/John_Kingman" title="John Kingman">John Kingman</a></li> <li>1989–1991 <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Moore" title="Peter G. Moore">Peter G. Moore</a></li> <li>1991–1993 <a href="/wiki/T._M._F._Smith" title="T. M. F. Smith">T. M. F. Smith</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/D._J._Bartholomew" title="D. J. Bartholomew">D. J. Bartholomew</a></li> <li>1995–1997 <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a></li> <li>1997–1999 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholas_Curnow" title="Robert Nicholas Curnow">Robert Nicholas Curnow</a></li> <li>1999–2001 <a href="/wiki/Denise_Lievesley" title="Denise Lievesley">Denise Lievesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001–2003 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(statistician)" title="Peter Green (statistician)">Peter Green</a></li> <li>2003–2005 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andy_Grieve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andy Grieve (page does not exist)">Andy Grieve</a></li> <li>2005–2007 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Holt_(statistician)" title="Tim Holt (statistician)">Tim Holt</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/David_Hand_(statistician)" title="David Hand (statistician)">David Hand</a></li> <li>2010–2010 <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Silverman" title="Bernard Silverman">Bernard Silverman</a> (resigned Feb 2010; replaced <i>pro tem</i> by David Hand)</li> <li>2011–2012 <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Isham" title="Valerie Isham">Valerie Isham</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/John_Pullinger" title="John Pullinger">John Pullinger</a></li> <li>2014–2016 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Diggle" title="Peter Diggle">Peter Diggle</a></li> <li>2017–2018 <a href="/wiki/David_Spiegelhalter" title="David Spiegelhalter">David Spiegelhalter</a></li> <li>2019– <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Ashby" title="Deborah Ashby">Deborah Ashby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1145934897">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hill, A. Bradford (Austin Bradford), 1897-1991"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50034858">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35194320">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse2011662707&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068607717">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90155502">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018O0246">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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