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Kilka uwag o wojnie i wojownikach w epoce brązu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper’s aim is not to provide a profound reflection on the origin and nature of conflicts between people, but rather a description of warfare in a specific time interval, namely the Bronze Age. Then, changes in warfare paralleled... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39905756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper’s aim is not to provide a profound reflection<br />on the origin and nature of conflicts between people, but<br />rather a description of warfare in a specific time interval,<br />namely the Bronze Age. Then, changes in warfare paralleled those in social and ideological spheres. Active participationin war became an elite occupation — the privilege of few individuals with appropriate economic means. Owing to their membership in higher social strata, they could concentrate exclusively on improving their martial skills. The changes, however, had their roots in the processes set in motion already in the Neolithic. Had it been otherwise, a ‘warrior package’, suggestively conceptualized by researchers, could not have emerged in so refined a form.<br />Keywords: warfare, warriorhood, institutionalization of<br />violence, battles, Bronze Age</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39905756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17887c75a4f9796cbb6edf7debeb68a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60092331,"asset_id":39905756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60092331/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2039329" href="https://amu.academia.edu/PaulinaSuchowskaDucke">Paulina Suchowska-Ducke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2039329" type="text/json">{"id":2039329,"first_name":"Paulina","last_name":"Suchowska-Ducke","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"PaulinaSuchowskaDucke","display_name":"Paulina Suchowska-Ducke","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/PaulinaSuchowskaDucke","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2039329/777874/966591/s65_paulina.suchowska-ducke.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39905756">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39905756"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki">Rafał Skrzyniecki</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39905756'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39905756').html(); 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Had it been otherwise, a ‘warrior package’, suggestively conceptualized by researchers, could not have emerged in so refined a form.\nKeywords: warfare, warriorhood, institutionalization of\nviolence, battles, Bronze Age","publication":"Archeologia Bimaris","publication_with_fallback":"Archeologia Bimaris","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60092331,"asset_id":39905756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60092331/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60092331/813-827_VIR_BIMARIS20190723-97014-zztmiy-libre.pdf?1563896636=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOpowiesc_o_chwale_i_mieczu_Kilka_uwag_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090299\u0026Signature=B1dK8DoXs4eHN-oMQV5VR3k9uucDtY7lPPeMCDJP0EqBHP0v5b-1Ubq9v2ctmQNfbu2GVLlNEWeQ3-bI0WzHkrJV4DwTPmX-LQRqHattIUSo9H~2qwVkUlD2QKPAf1SnZMbq2xoj5RxNGgMPAiTQbljBCbovUzuICkHkn~3lLowZMnUkTsZeWyvGF2vrIIyI3NnnaO1DBaeRe2B8roWo72tOGEOia180ywtEGozgfgnWFF74sbn9-A3juMYY7pbk1IJLjPMWk3VGCvUaA2Dy~AHsYGtjtWttgP2NPLXgPqF06~JAQXbYEJ6YnsREwpD0A-CGxDtdqva8ZpwpuDFUxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60092331/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60092331/mini_magick20190723-27344-k7vt3v.png?1563895941"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":60092331,"asset_id":39905756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60092331/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/60092331/813-827_VIR_BIMARIS20190723-97014-zztmiy-libre.pdf?1563896636=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOpowiesc_o_chwale_i_mieczu_Kilka_uwag_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090299\u0026Signature=B1dK8DoXs4eHN-oMQV5VR3k9uucDtY7lPPeMCDJP0EqBHP0v5b-1Ubq9v2ctmQNfbu2GVLlNEWeQ3-bI0WzHkrJV4DwTPmX-LQRqHattIUSo9H~2qwVkUlD2QKPAf1SnZMbq2xoj5RxNGgMPAiTQbljBCbovUzuICkHkn~3lLowZMnUkTsZeWyvGF2vrIIyI3NnnaO1DBaeRe2B8roWo72tOGEOia180ywtEGozgfgnWFF74sbn9-A3juMYY7pbk1IJLjPMWk3VGCvUaA2Dy~AHsYGtjtWttgP2NPLXgPqF06~JAQXbYEJ6YnsREwpD0A-CGxDtdqva8ZpwpuDFUxA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60092331/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/60092331/mini_magick20190723-27344-k7vt3v.png?1563895941"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":26,"ordered_authors":[{"id":2039329,"first_name":"Paulina","last_name":"Suchowska-Ducke","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"PaulinaSuchowskaDucke","display_name":"Paulina Suchowska-Ducke","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/PaulinaSuchowskaDucke","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2039329/777874/966591/s65_paulina.suchowska-ducke.jpg"},{"id":999182,"first_name":"Rafał","last_name":"Skrzyniecki","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"RafałSkrzyniecki","display_name":"Rafał Skrzyniecki","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/999182/2868492/3350586/s65_rafa_.skrzyniecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":138225,"name":"Bronze Age warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_warfare","nofollow":true},{"id":559737,"name":"Violence and warfare in prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_and_warfare_in_prehistory","nofollow":true},{"id":967140,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Warfare","nofollow":true},{"id":1003579,"name":"Ancient Warriors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warriors","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2019,"publication_year_with_fallback":2019,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":224,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_105850440 coauthored" data-work_id="105850440" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105850440/How_to_Measure_Honor_Valor_and_Bravery_Proposition_of_a_New_Model_Approach_to_the_Evaluation_of_Bellicosity_in_Prehistoric_Societies">How to Measure Honor, Valor and Bravery? Proposition of a New, Model Approach to the Evaluation of Bellicosity in Prehistoric Societies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article’s aim is to present and discuss the foundations of a new approach to the evaluation of bellicosity in prehistoric societies. The practice of warfare — sometimes vaguely interpreted as primitive — encompasses a vast spectrum of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_105850440" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article’s aim is to present and discuss the foundations of a new approach to the evaluation of bellicosity in prehistoric societies. The practice of warfare — sometimes vaguely interpreted as primitive — encompasses a vast spectrum of diversified factors, which can be roughly categorized into ecological, economic and socio-cultural. Their coincidence often triggers violent social behaviour, and this peculiar association occurs independently from local conditions. In other words, the underlying causes of warfare are universal and therefore represent a solid foundation for the model analysis and interpretation of bellicosity of prehistoric communities in general. Perspectives of its application are discussed using the example of selected final Neolithic, Corded Ware Culture communities from south-eastern Poland. Their ideology, reflected in archaeological material i. e. by weapons buried next to the deceased, was founded on the affirmation of physical prowess and aggressive masculinity. Such conditions were optimal for the emergence and further development of new collective identities, and warriorhood was undoubtedly among them. This cross-disciplinary approach to the causes of warfare goes beyond the archaeological frame, as it forms a basis for the integration of data derived from anthropological and social sciences, in which environmental, economic settlement and other conditions might be thoroughly studied in a broader context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/105850440" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92c855fe0f294eddb0ed3f2b8686df54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":105204996,"asset_id":105850440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105204996/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="449183" href="https://ug.academia.edu/MateuszCwali%C5%84ski">Mateusz Cwaliński</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="449183" type="text/json">{"id":449183,"first_name":"Mateusz","last_name":"Cwaliński","domain_name":"ug","page_name":"MateuszCwaliński","display_name":"Mateusz Cwaliński","profile_url":"https://ug.academia.edu/MateuszCwali%C5%84ski","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449183/145907/2987340/s65_mateusz.cwali_ski.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-105850440">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-105850440"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki">Rafał Skrzyniecki</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-105850440'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-105850440').html(); 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Proposition of a New, Model Approach to the Evaluation of Bellicosity in Prehistoric Societies","created_at":"2023-08-22T08:04:48.319-07:00","owner_id":449183,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/105850440/How_to_Measure_Honor_Valor_and_Bravery_Proposition_of_a_New_Model_Approach_to_the_Evaluation_of_Bellicosity_in_Prehistoric_Societies","slug":"How_to_Measure_Honor_Valor_and_Bravery_Proposition_of_a_New_Model_Approach_to_the_Evaluation_of_Bellicosity_in_Prehistoric_Societies","dom_id":"work_105850440","summary":"The article’s aim is to present and discuss the foundations of a new approach to the evaluation of bellicosity in prehistoric societies. The practice of warfare — sometimes vaguely interpreted as primitive — encompasses a vast spectrum of diversified factors, which can be roughly categorized into ecological, economic and socio-cultural. Their coincidence often triggers violent social behaviour, and this peculiar association occurs independently from local conditions. In other words, the underlying causes of warfare are universal and therefore represent a solid foundation for the model analysis and interpretation of bellicosity of prehistoric communities in general. Perspectives of its application are discussed using the example of selected final Neolithic, Corded Ware Culture communities from south-eastern Poland. Their ideology, reflected in archaeological material i. e. by weapons buried next to the deceased, was founded on the affirmation of physical prowess and aggressive masculinity. Such conditions were optimal for the emergence and further development of new collective identities, and warriorhood was undoubtedly among them. This cross-disciplinary approach to the causes of warfare goes beyond the archaeological frame, as it forms a basis for the integration of data derived from anthropological and social sciences, in which environmental, economic settlement and other conditions might be thoroughly studied in a broader context.","publication":"Stratum Plus","publication_with_fallback":"Stratum Plus","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105204996,"asset_id":105850440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105204996/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105204996/p317_332_2020_2Skrzyniecki_and_Ko-libre.pdf?1692718992=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_Measure_Honor_Valor_and_Bravery_P.pdf\u0026Expires=1740118781\u0026Signature=cXog6BOhCPcOQRZYyKliyjJdErVTdUu-YRbqQYNfyhN0aO-vm~v4LCESWZZPC-QfXVdL6LDmKaH94KSHxp4Hf0zDiid7SJbo4APFD~hwFTylBeDOh8EZ6Ahm9WyUoaxflSso3qiZZQc86YcYO2q3hVdd3nn9uiVEspf5bpnsxio5QHGp67PCCLIVZev22O5qWvIQOQ51zcmVH2y-dkkJdf~OkBNueWe0RI29vsREKmmsuZ7ChFm8pPWLeBje9Li4OH0sXD-BSkDDjtsE19XfPlr8E97ODpefe9i2p2~zZtFcESy-UsKKL1L0qirQJarwGuDwzuKG0r2fMTlbBixFiQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105204996/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/105204996/mini_magick20230822-1-4l4bzi.png?1692716754"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":105204996,"asset_id":105850440,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105204996/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105204996/p317_332_2020_2Skrzyniecki_and_Ko-libre.pdf?1692718992=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_Measure_Honor_Valor_and_Bravery_P.pdf\u0026Expires=1740118781\u0026Signature=cXog6BOhCPcOQRZYyKliyjJdErVTdUu-YRbqQYNfyhN0aO-vm~v4LCESWZZPC-QfXVdL6LDmKaH94KSHxp4Hf0zDiid7SJbo4APFD~hwFTylBeDOh8EZ6Ahm9WyUoaxflSso3qiZZQc86YcYO2q3hVdd3nn9uiVEspf5bpnsxio5QHGp67PCCLIVZev22O5qWvIQOQ51zcmVH2y-dkkJdf~OkBNueWe0RI29vsREKmmsuZ7ChFm8pPWLeBje9Li4OH0sXD-BSkDDjtsE19XfPlr8E97ODpefe9i2p2~zZtFcESy-UsKKL1L0qirQJarwGuDwzuKG0r2fMTlbBixFiQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105204996/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/105204996/mini_magick20230822-1-4l4bzi.png?1692716754"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":26,"ordered_authors":[{"id":449183,"first_name":"Mateusz","last_name":"Cwaliński","domain_name":"ug","page_name":"MateuszCwaliński","display_name":"Mateusz Cwaliński","profile_url":"https://ug.academia.edu/MateuszCwali%C5%84ski","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449183/145907/2987340/s65_mateusz.cwali_ski.jpg"},{"id":999182,"first_name":"Rafał","last_name":"Skrzyniecki","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"RafałSkrzyniecki","display_name":"Rafał Skrzyniecki","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/999182/2868492/3350586/s65_rafa_.skrzyniecki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_","nofollow":true},{"id":25605,"name":"Corded Ware Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corded_Ware_Culture","nofollow":true},{"id":109033,"name":"Late Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Neolithic","nofollow":true},{"id":584195,"name":"Burial rites of the Corded Ware and the Bell Beaker Cultures in Central Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_rites_of_the_Corded_Ware_and_the_Bell_Beaker_Cultures_in_Central_Europe","nofollow":true},{"id":1013413,"name":"Social Interpretation of Archaeology and Artefacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interpretation_of_Archaeology_and_Artefacts"}],"publication_year":2020,"publication_year_with_fallback":2020,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":28,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_110361736" data-work_id="110361736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110361736/_Rec_Piotr_W%C5%82odarczak_red_Wilczyce_stanowisko_10_Norma_i_precedens_w_rytuale_pogrzebowym_ma%C5%82opolskiej_kultury_ceramiki_sznurowej_Ocalone_dziedzictwo_archeologiczne_9_P%C4%99kowice_k_Krakowa_Wydawnictwo_Profil_Archeo_Stowarzyszenie_Archeolog%C3%B3w_Terenowych_Stater_Instytut_Archeologii_">(Rec.) Piotr Włodarczak (red.), Wilczyce, stanowisko 10. Norma i precedens w rytuale pogrzebowym małopolskiej kultury ceramiki sznurowej (= Ocalone dziedzictwo archeologiczne 9). Pękowice k. Krakowa: Wydawnictwo Profil- Archeo; Stowarzyszenie Archeologów Terenowych „Stater”; Instytut Archeologii ...</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/110361736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43db1784dda0dfe740ada42b014a3016" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":108202233,"asset_id":110361736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108202233/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="999182" href="https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki">Rafał Skrzyniecki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="999182" type="text/json">{"id":999182,"first_name":"Rafał","last_name":"Skrzyniecki","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"RafałSkrzyniecki","display_name":"Rafał Skrzyniecki","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/Rafa%C5%82Skrzyniecki","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/999182/2868492/3350586/s65_rafa_.skrzyniecki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_110361736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="110361736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110361736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_110361736", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110361736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_110361736").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_110361736").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_97459245" data-work_id="97459245" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97459245/Widespread_exploitation_of_the_honeybee_by_early_Neolithic_farmers">Widespread exploitation of the honeybee by early Neolithic farmers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459245" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The pressures on honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations, resulting from threats by modern pesticides, parasites, predators and diseases, have raised awareness of the economic importance and critical role this insect plays in agricultural societies across the globe. However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC) 1. There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art 2 in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site 3. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown 4. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, nalkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication process.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459245" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2367d90a1ea3d596093d906e5edf002" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075437,"asset_id":97459245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075437/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459245"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459245, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459245", }); 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However, the association of humans with A. mellifera predates post-industrial revolution agriculture, as evidenced by the widespread presence of ancient Egyptian bee iconography dating to the Old Kingdom (approximately 2400 BC) 1. There are also indications of Stone Age people harvesting bee products; for example, honey hunting is interpreted from rock art 2 in a prehistoric Holocene context and a beeswax find in a pre-agriculturalist site 3. However, when and where the regular association of A. mellifera with agriculturalists emerged is unknown 4. One of the major products of A. mellifera is beeswax, which is composed of a complex suite of lipids including n-alkanes, nalkanoic acids and fatty acyl wax esters. The composition is highly constant as it is determined genetically through the insect's biochemistry. Thus, the chemical 'fingerprint' of beeswax provides a reliable basis for detecting this commodity in organic residues preserved at archaeological sites, which we now use to trace the exploitation by humans of A. mellifera temporally and spatially. Here we present secure identifications of beeswax in lipid residues preserved in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers. The geographical range of bee product exploitation is traced in Neolithic Europe, the Near East and North Africa, providing the palaeoecological range of honeybees during prehistory. Temporally, we demonstrate that bee products were exploited continuously, and probably extensively in some regions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and cultural functions. The close association of A. mellifera with Neolithic farming communities dates to the early onset of agriculture and may provide evidence for the beginnings of a domestication 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A multi-isotope perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this article is to examine the isotopic characterisation of domestic animals as it relates to birthing location and seasonality, diet, pasturing pattern, foddering and climatic conditions of herding and to determine variation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459246" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this article is to examine the isotopic characterisation of domestic animals as it relates to birthing location and seasonality, diet, pasturing pattern, foddering and climatic conditions of herding and to determine variation between these aspects of cattle and caprine husbandry of the Neolithic Linearbandkultur (LBK) and Trichterbecherkultur (TRB) communities from Kopydłowo in Kujavia-one of the major centres of early farming in the European lowlands. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was undertaken on faunal bone collagen; carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope ratios were measured from tooth enamel. Isotopic signatures may have been caused by different strategies of management of herds of these animal species. Different and more widely distributed carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotopic data for TRB cattle in comparison with its LBK counterparts is indicative of the exploitation of increasingly diverse ecological zones and more varied pastoral practises. The distribution of oxygen isotope values on caprine tooth made it possible to recognise herding seasonality. Irrespective of the chronology, cattle, sheep and goats kept by the inhabitants had C 3 plantbased diet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7dbd53561d985b50be603e318a0eb762" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075377,"asset_id":97459246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075377/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459246"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459246, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459246", }); 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A multi-isotope perspective","created_at":"2023-02-24T06:10:20.364-08:00","owner_id":685621,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/97459246/Animal_husbandry_in_the_Early_and_Middle_Neolithic_settlement_at_Kopyd%C5%82owo_in_the_Polish_lowlands_A_multi_isotope_perspective","slug":"Animal_husbandry_in_the_Early_and_Middle_Neolithic_settlement_at_Kopydłowo_in_the_Polish_lowlands_A_multi_isotope_perspective","dom_id":"work_97459246","summary":"The aim of this article is to examine the isotopic characterisation of domestic animals as it relates to birthing location and seasonality, diet, pasturing pattern, foddering and climatic conditions of herding and to determine variation between these aspects of cattle and caprine husbandry of the Neolithic Linearbandkultur (LBK) and Trichterbecherkultur (TRB) communities from Kopydłowo in Kujavia-one of the major centres of early farming in the European lowlands. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was undertaken on faunal bone collagen; carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope ratios were measured from tooth enamel. Isotopic signatures may have been caused by different strategies of management of herds of these animal species. Different and more widely distributed carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotopic data for TRB cattle in comparison with its LBK counterparts is indicative of the exploitation of increasingly diverse ecological zones and more varied pastoral practises. The distribution of oxygen isotope values on caprine tooth made it possible to recognise herding seasonality. Irrespective of the chronology, cattle, sheep and goats kept by the inhabitants had C 3 plantbased diet.","publication":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","publication_with_fallback":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99075377,"asset_id":97459246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99075377/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99075377/s12520-017-0485-6-libre.pdf?1677250306=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnimal_husbandry_in_the_Early_and_Middle.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090300\u0026Signature=E9CYWoA0UsHJ2q~ruYj6pPz9kqpR16stItPJBu9j6w~ZX-kmLrA2G8z2aZT3BXlqqzYA09W1PtdD1DekF0zLRH9PuA2E8U0pxX4zHNpn5X4X997k6Lv-CNwFTZ2KhULYvkxhT~IGwSuWiGKE3liX-R9RmR0lcDyHWUISk~RHWnSssmpbAIxYHhqoF7Mpx1YnTkPGA6IQBZfW7kMIYRL8LbPYRPDdN6Y2KJH7lbCWbjN-Y1zcqyVJAbVyW64v~mtacaVKQtgugjdfD-aRjX9rUHEyADJgXa8Y7vBU02z6hs0D-wWN5T1QcoUY8sUICm4ux5sbjV7mUiCUdy1tPyG2eQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075377/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/99075377/mini_magick20230224-1-q493ah.png?1677247871"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":99075377,"asset_id":97459246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99075377/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99075377/s12520-017-0485-6-libre.pdf?1677250306=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAnimal_husbandry_in_the_Early_and_Middle.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090300\u0026Signature=E9CYWoA0UsHJ2q~ruYj6pPz9kqpR16stItPJBu9j6w~ZX-kmLrA2G8z2aZT3BXlqqzYA09W1PtdD1DekF0zLRH9PuA2E8U0pxX4zHNpn5X4X997k6Lv-CNwFTZ2KhULYvkxhT~IGwSuWiGKE3liX-R9RmR0lcDyHWUISk~RHWnSssmpbAIxYHhqoF7Mpx1YnTkPGA6IQBZfW7kMIYRL8LbPYRPDdN6Y2KJH7lbCWbjN-Y1zcqyVJAbVyW64v~mtacaVKQtgugjdfD-aRjX9rUHEyADJgXa8Y7vBU02z6hs0D-wWN5T1QcoUY8sUICm4ux5sbjV7mUiCUdy1tPyG2eQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075377/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/99075377/mini_magick20230224-1-q493ah.png?1677247871"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":19,"ordered_authors":[{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology"},{"id":7941,"name":"Stable Isotopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotopes"},{"id":37881,"name":"Animal Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry"},{"id":316327,"name":"European Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Neolithic"},{"id":1350710,"name":"Trichterbecherkultur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trichterbecherkultur"}],"publication_year":2017,"publication_year_with_fallback":2017,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":2,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_97459247" data-work_id="97459247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97459247/Evidence_for_the_impact_of_the_8_2_kyBP_climate_event_on_Near_Eastern_early_farmers">Evidence for the impact of the 8.2-kyBP climate event on Near Eastern early farmers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The 8.2-thousand years B.P. event is evident in multiple proxy records across the globe, showing generally dry and cold conditions for 160 years. Environmental changes around the event are mainly detected using geochemical or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459247" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The 8.2-thousand years B.P. event is evident in multiple proxy records across the globe, showing generally dry and cold conditions for 160 years. Environmental changes around the event are mainly detected using geochemical or palynological analyses of ice cores, lacustrine, marine, and other sediments often distant from human settlements. The Late Neolithic excavated area of the archaeological site of Çatalhöyük East [Team Poznań (TP) area] was occupied for four centuries in the ninth and eighth millennia B.P., thus encompassing the 8.2-thousand years B.P. climatic event. A Bayesian analysis of 56 radiocarbon dates yielded a high-resolution chronological model comprising six building phases, with dates ranging from before 8325-8205 to 7925-7815 calibrated years (cal) B.P. Here, we correlate an onsite paleoclimate record constructed from δH values of lipid biomarkers preserved in pottery vessels recovered from these buildings with changes in architectural, archaeozoological, and cons...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cec57853302b717588f19416dde236b3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075424,"asset_id":97459247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075424/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459247", }); 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Turchin et al.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Seshat: Global History Databank, established in 2011, was initiated by an ever-growing team of social scientists and humanities scholars to test theories about the evolution of complex societies (Francois et al. 2016; Turchin et al. 2015). Seshat reflects both what is known about global history (within certain practical constraints, discussed below) and also what is unknown, or poorly known. Seshat is a continuously growing dataset incorporating evolving interpretations, highlighting persisting controversies, and contextualizing enduring ambiguities. The quantitative data, suitable for statistical analysis, is buttressed by qualitative nuance embedded in descriptive paragraphs along with references to pertinent scholarship.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d27b0692d8d5173aaa951e173bc85953" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075422,"asset_id":97459248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075422/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459248", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/97459249/Rethinking_Iberian_warrior_stelae_a_multidisciplinary_investigation_of_Mirasiviene_and_its_connection_to_Setefilla_Lora_del_R%C3%ADo_Seville_Spain_">Rethinking Iberian ‘warrior’ stelae: a multidisciplinary investigation of Mirasiviene and its connection to Setefilla (Lora del Río, Seville, Spain)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Iberian ‘warrior’ stelae have captured the imagination of researchers and the public for more than a century. Traditionally, stelae were considered ‘de-contextualised’ monuments, and research typically focused on the study of their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459249" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Iberian ‘warrior’ stelae have captured the imagination of researchers and the public for more than a century. Traditionally, stelae were considered ‘de-contextualised’ monuments, and research typically focused on the study of their iconography, paying little or no attention to their immediate contexts. As a result, despite the large number of these stelae known to date (c. 140) and the ample body of literature that has dealt with them, fundamental questions remain unanswered. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of a multidisciplinary and contextual approach to push forward the research agenda on these monuments through a case study. Firstly, we introduce the Mirasiviene stela and the methods deployed for its investigation, which include a variety of digital imaging techniques, petrography, pXRF, intensive survey and multiscalar spatial analysis. Secondly, we discuss the results in relation to three main topics: stela biography, social practices and landscape context. Compar...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d11877f2c98ef5256c91f8da29085f4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075380,"asset_id":97459249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075380/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459249", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/97459251/First_Results_Of_Organic_Residue_Analysis_On_Ceramic_Vessels_Jiyeh_And_Chh%C3%AEm_Lebanon_By_High_Perfomance_Liquid_Chromatography_With_Tandem_Mass_Spectrometry">First Results Of Organic Residue Analysis On Ceramic Vessels (Jiyeh And Chhîm, Lebanon) By High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography With Tandem Mass Spectrometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to present the first results of organic residue analysis of pottery from two Lebanese archaeological sites, Jiyeh and Chhîm. The standard approach in investigations of this type consists of mass spectrometry and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_97459251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to present the first results of organic residue analysis of pottery from two Lebanese archaeological sites, Jiyeh and Chhîm. The standard approach in investigations of this type consists of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography technique, which enabled the detection of organic fractions absorbed by pores of the pottery. In the present paper, new method of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has been used in order to identify organic fractions. Sixteen fragments of vessels from different forms, periods and archaeological contexts have been analysed. The selected samples came from three vessel categories, kitchen vessels for cooking and store liquids, transport amphorae and storage pithoi, dated from Persian to Byzantine period. The procedure of sample extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis allowed to find vessels with the potential traces of the use for food product preparation and/or storage and separate it from different vessels (without trace...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/97459251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1543a626af9e965e6c249049627df97b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99075423,"asset_id":97459251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075423/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="685621" href="https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak">Marta Bartkowiak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="685621" type="text/json">{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_97459251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="97459251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 97459251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_97459251", }); 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The standard approach in investigations of this type consists of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography technique, which enabled the detection of organic fractions absorbed by pores of the pottery. In the present paper, new method of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has been used in order to identify organic fractions. Sixteen fragments of vessels from different forms, periods and archaeological contexts have been analysed. The selected samples came from three vessel categories, kitchen vessels for cooking and store liquids, transport amphorae and storage pithoi, dated from Persian to Byzantine period. The procedure of sample extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis allowed to find vessels with the potential traces of the use for food product preparation and/or storage and separate it from different vessels (without trace...","publication":null,"publication_with_fallback":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99075423,"asset_id":97459251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99075423/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99075423/16_Krueger_20et_20al._20181-libre.pdf?1677250291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFirst_Results_Of_Organic_Residue_Analysi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740137745\u0026Signature=TJBPuKfMN0nXsrAfj6vv6Mqw6Widec6n0Cs6nd5wZTFr-TLfDWEk9wrPaAzEI~vIeRivRKmNcxmU6vsJDo0iKulBuxiMUMlpYpKWUZOQO0xTkXMMFJnnBS3iUaOuRDM5~-QToIlKj9pv75W2vM1ibjip3qs6YeiiINCo13bpnW0UL14aOJKJP~kX1WRMQx0xO4EELcUS39nYi5TtWhubW5c61aSsvu8BDYUMgMubxAaK48XqLYAXA73zM67ljsz6XWqoWFnjDZaWWsDV57dh2Ssy5sUK~74yvp1mfYHfGsZ5Z9jJoPtKkSQvgKc1FF61ZOb79ea2QpBK2p1jxst6VQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075423/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/99075423/mini_magick20230224-1-1b43asb.png?1677247924"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":99075423,"asset_id":97459251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99075423/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/99075423/16_Krueger_20et_20al._20181-libre.pdf?1677250291=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFirst_Results_Of_Organic_Residue_Analysi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740137745\u0026Signature=TJBPuKfMN0nXsrAfj6vv6Mqw6Widec6n0Cs6nd5wZTFr-TLfDWEk9wrPaAzEI~vIeRivRKmNcxmU6vsJDo0iKulBuxiMUMlpYpKWUZOQO0xTkXMMFJnnBS3iUaOuRDM5~-QToIlKj9pv75W2vM1ibjip3qs6YeiiINCo13bpnW0UL14aOJKJP~kX1WRMQx0xO4EELcUS39nYi5TtWhubW5c61aSsvu8BDYUMgMubxAaK48XqLYAXA73zM67ljsz6XWqoWFnjDZaWWsDV57dh2Ssy5sUK~74yvp1mfYHfGsZ5Z9jJoPtKkSQvgKc1FF61ZOb79ea2QpBK2p1jxst6VQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99075423/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/99075423/mini_magick20230224-1-1b43asb.png?1677247924"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":12,"ordered_authors":[{"id":685621,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Bartkowiak","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"MartaBartkowiak","display_name":"Marta Bartkowiak","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/MartaBartkowiak","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/685621/2662202/3099002/s65_marta.bartkowiak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry","nofollow":true},{"id":3787,"name":"Levantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levantine_Archaeology","nofollow":true},{"id":4656,"name":"Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatography","nofollow":true},{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon"},{"id":17926,"name":"Phoenician","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenician"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East"},{"id":55673,"name":"Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphorae"},{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics"},{"id":94618,"name":"Roman Amphorae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Amphorae"},{"id":163275,"name":"Tandem Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tandem_Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":201772,"name":"Pithoi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pithoi"},{"id":284519,"name":"Organic Residue Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Residue_Analysis"},{"id":293688,"name":"Archaeology of the Levant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Levant"},{"id":398287,"name":"Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography"},{"id":649066,"name":"Ceramic Analysis Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology"},{"id":904946,"name":"Pottery Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology"},{"id":1306304,"name":"Ancient Cooking Vessels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Cooking_Vessels"}],"publication_year":2018,"publication_year_with_fallback":2018,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":4,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_117380447" data-work_id="117380447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117380447/Chronologiczne_i_przestrzenne_trendy_u%C5%BCytkowania_ceramiki_w_%C5%9Bwietle_analiz_pozosta%C5%82o%C5%9Bci_t%C5%82uszcz%C3%B3w_w_naczyniach_KCWR_Chronological_and_spatial_trends_in_pottery_use_revealed_through_lipid_residue_analyses_of_LBK_pottery_vessels">Chronologiczne i przestrzenne trendy użytkowania ceramiki w świetle analiz pozostałości tłuszczów w naczyniach KCWR / Chronological and spatial trends in pottery use revealed through lipid residue analyses of LBK pottery vessels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/117380447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery">Pottery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44901" type="text/json">{"id":44901,"name":"Pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="311941" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_analysis_of_absorbed_residues_in_archaeological_pottery">Lipid analysis of absorbed residues in archaeological pottery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="311941" type="text/json">{"id":311941,"name":"Lipid analysis of absorbed residues in archaeological pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_analysis_of_absorbed_residues_in_archaeological_pottery","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=117380447]'), work: {"id":117380447,"title":"Chronologiczne i przestrzenne trendy użytkowania ceramiki w świetle analiz 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1489603/Milejowice_unikatowa_osada_z_okresu_halsztackiego_Milejowice_the_Unique_Settlement_dated_to_the_Hallstatt_Period_">Milejowice – unikatowa osada z okresu halsztackiego (Milejowice – the Unique Settlement dated to the Hallstatt Period)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Stanowisko Milejowice 19, które miałam szczęście badać wraz z innymi archeologami, znajduje się w gm. Żórawina, pow. Wrocław, a relikty osadnictwa pradziejowego zostały tutaj odkryte w 1999 r. podczas prac ziemnych związanych z budową... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1489603" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Stanowisko Milejowice 19, które miałam szczęście badać wraz z innymi archeologami, znajduje się w gm. Żórawina, pow. Wrocław, a relikty osadnictwa pradziejowego zostały tutaj odkryte w 1999 r. podczas prac ziemnych związanych z budową autostrady A-4. Zainicjowano wówczas badania wyko palis ko we, które głównie prowadzo -no w la tach 2000 i 2001, a prace w mniej szej skali trwały aż do 2003 r. Ze względu na zaplanowane na tym ob szarze miejsca obsługi podróżnych przy autostradzie przeba da -Plan ogólny obszaru badań w Milejowicach 19 wraz z wszystkimi zarejestrowanymi pozostałościami i propozycją rekonstrukcji zabudowy Rys. J. Kopiasz</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1489603" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="96d9c6c899779b469b96dad1acbeea6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11650333,"asset_id":1489603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11650333/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="830615" href="https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj">Ewa Bugaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="830615" type="text/json">{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1489603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1489603"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1489603, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1489603", }); 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A Case Study of the Milejowice Site 19, Wrocław District</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper discusses the emergence of elite within the Early Iron Age society in south western Poland taking under consideration evidence from recently discovered settlement called Milejowice site 19, partly fenced with palisade-like... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1489614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper discusses the emergence of elite within the Early Iron Age society in south western Poland taking under consideration evidence from recently discovered settlement called Milejowice site 19, partly fenced with palisade-like circular constructions. Another Silesian distinctive settlement Stary Śleszów and analogy from adjacent regions (Bohemian new discovered fortified courtyard – “Herrensitz” Opatovice nad Labem), as well as the just unearthed burial area in Silesia with richly furnished chamber graves (Domasław, Wrocław district) support the authors view of visible deep social transformations and emergence of aristocracy in south western Poland, especially in the Hallstatt C period. New archaeological finds allow seeing that the discussed elite absorb cultural influences from the east via mid-Danube and from the south through the Alpine passes and adapt the Mediterranean ideas to its own social needs. In the conclusion the authors suggest that discussed region of Poland in the light of recent discoveries can be recognized not only as highly influenced by the Hallstatt culture but as a province of it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1489614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65f73fb8cd244d65f40820e0b8000ea6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11650398,"asset_id":1489614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11650398/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="830615" href="https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj">Ewa Bugaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="830615" type="text/json">{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1489614">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1489614"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaroslawKopiasz">Jarosław Kopiasz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1489614'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1489614').html(); 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Another Silesian distinctive settlement Stary Śleszów and analogy from adjacent regions (Bohemian new discovered fortified courtyard – “Herrensitz” Opatovice nad Labem), as well as the just unearthed burial area in Silesia with richly furnished chamber graves (Domasław, Wrocław district) support the authors view of visible deep social transformations and emergence of aristocracy in south western Poland, especially in the Hallstatt C period. New archaeological finds allow seeing that the discussed elite absorb cultural influences from the east via mid-Danube and from the south through the Alpine passes and adapt the Mediterranean ideas to its own social needs. In the conclusion the authors suggest that discussed region of Poland in the light of recent discoveries can be recognized not only as highly influenced by the Hallstatt culture but as a province of it. 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1489630/On_the_Past_and_Contemporary_Character_of_Classical_Archaeology">On the Past and Contemporary Character of Classical Archaeology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper considers classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe taking into account the fact that interest in the relics of ancient civilisations is deeply inscribed in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1489630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper considers classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe taking into account the fact that interest in the relics of ancient civilisations is deeply inscribed in the self-identification of various peoples of Europe, in the grounds of their cultural identity. A wider problem concerning the 'living antiquity’ observed in the history of Europe is mentioned as well, and the causes of such vitality which is the reason why we spoke and most often still speak of the Greco-Roman foundations of European civilisation, albeit some argue that such an approach to Antiquity has already declined.  <br /> It is a known fact that the splendour of Greece shone also on the ancient Roman world but it seems that it happened not only by way of appropriation of cultural achievements. Despite the difficult Roman-Greek relationship and exploitative Roman attitude to the Greek cultural heritage, to some extent cultural exchange took place on the basis of reciprocity. What's more, it is ultimately through the mediation of the Romans that the Hellenic culture flourished on various areas of their huge empire and was thus passed to subsequent periods of history. You could say that already in antiquity the first synthesis of complex achievements of the ancient culture took place on a great scale. It would then influence the medieval and Renaissance Europe, and from modern times each epoch would create its own model of antiquity and make further interpretations and syntheses of its sophisticated achievements. <br /> We are therefore entitled to state that the classic legacy is a common past of the whole Europe (thus classical archaeology is all European countries’ own archaeology), regardless of the extent to which the prehistory also creates the past, and to what extent it is formed by archaeologies of the regions and peoples, who in vast majority lived outside the classical world. Therefore, classical archaeology held an exceptionally privileged position for a long time (which is not the case nowadays, when all disciplines are treated equally and research assume a pluralistic approach), because, to some extent, similar to classical studies, it not only dealt with exploring the ancient past, but was to read the values developed in the ancient world and communicate them to next generations. Moreover, these values were drawn from the concept of 'Hellenism', developed already in the eighteenth century, continued in nineteenth, which idealised this unique, classic Greek past which was believed to have been the almost exclusive roots of 'Europeanism'. <br /> However, there are two factors that seem to be the main reasons of the independent development of classical archaeology in relation to other branches of archaeology and of its specific character. On the one hand, it is a huge amount of ancient works of art, as well as iconographic representations, temples and other buildings, which preserved to modern times. This legacy - or rather its magnitude and aesthetic qualities – contributed to focusing on the study of art and architecture in classical archaeology, and at the same time lack of interest and underestimation of all other relics of ancient material culture. On the other hand, a huge number of ancient written sources, including primarily the numerous inscriptions, set classical archaeology in a privileged position in relation to archaeology of prehistoric societies. Written sources, always regarded as more important than material remains, only 'illustrating' the former, were almost uncritically considered for a long time a 'real' insight into the ancient world. <br /> In the next part of the paper the problem of a very complex relations of classical archaeology and art history, is thoroughly discussed by the author.  <br /> To conclude the author underlie the fact that archaeology, as well as other disciplines, attempts to preserve a character of a sovereign discipline with a precise research field. It is directed towards specific phenomena of the past cultural and social life, examined primarily through available material remains. However, by opening up more and more for collaboration with other disciplines, it also gets rid of its limitations and total dependence on one controlling humanistic discipline, which is important for classical archaeology regarding its strong connections with classical philology and art history. Nevertheless, she would say that this should not mean distancing itself and giving up this huge and great tradition - on the contrary, it should be rethought and included again in today's research. The authority of science lies in its achievements, jointly produced by scholars, namely the tradition, which is also subject to continuous development and change. The authority of a well-understood tradition does not stand in opposition to the freedom of undertaking new research. In case of archaeology, as one of the disciplines studying the past, we must realise that all questions about the past are asked from the position of the present, therefore, these are questions not only about the past itself, but also about contemporary people, thinking about the past from a particular cultural perspective. The way of thinking about the past is thus in this case a form of communicating the researchers’ own choices of values and thus an informed and open to others form of participating in a culture in which they are positioned. Ewa Bugaj reiterates the opinion stated already at the beginning of the text that our era, like the previous ones, creates its own model of antiquity and makes its own interpretations of its numerous achievements. <br /> We should hope that classical archaeology will show an inspiring role of antiquity in our times, as it functions with full knowledge that preserved texts, ideas, representations, as well as material culture of ancient Greece and Rome, for a very long time remained key for the Western world in the process of adaptation of the past in order to authenticate the present. Modern scholars, however, must take into consideration both the recognized use and abuse of the past. Hence, today's classical archaeology significantly broadens its field of research trying to describe the 'social life', the roles and importance of ancient material culture in the contemporary socio-cultural context. In so doing, it takes into account the reflections on the concept of the social agency of things, the strength of their impact, not only knowledge of them, recorded in the social memory. It also considers the influence of ancient artefacts on the senses of the recipient, with all their properties, such as visibility and tangibility, which gives them the ability of ongoing production and materialisation of time and place, of embodying the past.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1489630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33d3283c395830916bb80f07ac0a109b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11650417,"asset_id":1489630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11650417/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="830615" href="https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj">Ewa Bugaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="830615" type="text/json">{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1489630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1489630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1489630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1489630", }); 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A wider problem concerning the 'living antiquity’ observed in the history of Europe is mentioned as well, and the causes of such vitality which is the reason why we spoke and most often still speak of the Greco-Roman foundations of European civilisation, albeit some argue that such an approach to Antiquity has already declined. \r\n\tIt is a known fact that the splendour of Greece shone also on the ancient Roman world but it seems that it happened not only by way of appropriation of cultural achievements. Despite the difficult Roman-Greek relationship and exploitative Roman attitude to the Greek cultural heritage, to some extent cultural exchange took place on the basis of reciprocity. What's more, it is ultimately through the mediation of the Romans that the Hellenic culture flourished on various areas of their huge empire and was thus passed to subsequent periods of history. You could say that already in antiquity the first synthesis of complex achievements of the ancient culture took place on a great scale. It would then influence the medieval and Renaissance Europe, and from modern times each epoch would create its own model of antiquity and make further interpretations and syntheses of its sophisticated achievements. \r\n\tWe are therefore entitled to state that the classic legacy is a common past of the whole Europe (thus classical archaeology is all European countries’ own archaeology), regardless of the extent to which the prehistory also creates the past, and to what extent it is formed by archaeologies of the regions and peoples, who in vast majority lived outside the classical world. Therefore, classical archaeology held an exceptionally privileged position for a long time (which is not the case nowadays, when all disciplines are treated equally and research assume a pluralistic approach), because, to some extent, similar to classical studies, it not only dealt with exploring the ancient past, but was to read the values developed in the ancient world and communicate them to next generations. Moreover, these values were drawn from the concept of 'Hellenism', developed already in the eighteenth century, continued in nineteenth, which idealised this unique, classic Greek past which was believed to have been the almost exclusive roots of 'Europeanism'.\r\n\tHowever, there are two factors that seem to be the main reasons of the independent development of classical archaeology in relation to other branches of archaeology and of its specific character. On the one hand, it is a huge amount of ancient works of art, as well as iconographic representations, temples and other buildings, which preserved to modern times. This legacy - or rather its magnitude and aesthetic qualities – contributed to focusing on the study of art and architecture in classical archaeology, and at the same time lack of interest and underestimation of all other relics of ancient material culture. On the other hand, a huge number of ancient written sources, including primarily the numerous inscriptions, set classical archaeology in a privileged position in relation to archaeology of prehistoric societies. Written sources, always regarded as more important than material remains, only 'illustrating' the former, were almost uncritically considered for a long time a 'real' insight into the ancient world.\r\n\tIn the next part of the paper the problem of a very complex relations of classical archaeology and art history, is thoroughly discussed by the author. \r\n\tTo conclude the author underlie the fact that archaeology, as well as other disciplines, attempts to preserve a character of a sovereign discipline with a precise research field. It is directed towards specific phenomena of the past cultural and social life, examined primarily through available material remains. However, by opening up more and more for collaboration with other disciplines, it also gets rid of its limitations and total dependence on one controlling humanistic discipline, which is important for classical archaeology regarding its strong connections with classical philology and art history. Nevertheless, she would say that this should not mean distancing itself and giving up this huge and great tradition - on the contrary, it should be rethought and included again in today's research. The authority of science lies in its achievements, jointly produced by scholars, namely the tradition, which is also subject to continuous development and change. The authority of a well-understood tradition does not stand in opposition to the freedom of undertaking new research. In case of archaeology, as one of the disciplines studying the past, we must realise that all questions about the past are asked from the position of the present, therefore, these are questions not only about the past itself, but also about contemporary people, thinking about the past from a particular cultural perspective. The way of thinking about the past is thus in this case a form of communicating the researchers’ own choices of values and thus an informed and open to others form of participating in a culture in which they are positioned. Ewa Bugaj reiterates the opinion stated already at the beginning of the text that our era, like the previous ones, creates its own model of antiquity and makes its own interpretations of its numerous achievements. \r\n\tWe should hope that classical archaeology will show an inspiring role of antiquity in our times, as it functions with full knowledge that preserved texts, ideas, representations, as well as material culture of ancient Greece and Rome, for a very long time remained key for the Western world in the process of adaptation of the past in order to authenticate the present. Modern scholars, however, must take into consideration both the recognized use and abuse of the past. Hence, today's classical archaeology significantly broadens its field of research trying to describe the 'social life', the roles and importance of ancient material culture in the contemporary socio-cultural context. In so doing, it takes into account the reflections on the concept of the social agency of things, the strength of their impact, not only knowledge of them, recorded in the social memory. It also considers the influence of ancient artefacts on the senses of the recipient, with all their properties, such as visibility and tangibility, which gives them the ability of ongoing production and materialisation of time and place, of embodying the past.","publication":"chapter in book in English","publication_with_fallback":"chapter in book in English","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11650417,"asset_id":1489630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11650417/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11650417/Bugaj_Ewa_2011_On_the_Past_and_Contemporary_Character_of_Classical_Archaeology-libre.pdf?1390860193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_the_Past_and_Contemporary_Character_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090302\u0026Signature=NwUIC-n1FRNmv7qpTcoTOgo3-~t1k3ctKqDclTaN0qDiUO5B6lZorSSg0JyZyM4jvrAJntJGCABxbwaHUj73kEGTiszrB3B3PqEnRVMFLe~CIzkjIbn~yYRmWNqgxp7Esrgu4C6PCx21isaTy6rHw3xSg6ef2aryw4IJ5pA76kTUL1KreWpM2hAHa8atZSCok-mbhZTSm32ZyRyfcg6T7DH4jFPsYMUFUsJzblHn7xQMMeXzl-p9zs63tK7OoEPUVpLc6jOONBdztwUrh~u3BN~Z81-f5RMCS59SVHw4hQW9XS~yI1yEPa1XBCxCzvk85-ujnAI~tIhL~lvJFfl61A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11650417/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/11650417/mini_magick20190427-20658-1yv8vy4.png?1556356525"}],"downloadable_attachments_with_full_thumbnails":[{"id":11650417,"asset_id":1489630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/11650417/thumbnails/1.jpg","download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/11650417/Bugaj_Ewa_2011_On_the_Past_and_Contemporary_Character_of_Classical_Archaeology-libre.pdf?1390860193=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_the_Past_and_Contemporary_Character_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1740090302\u0026Signature=NwUIC-n1FRNmv7qpTcoTOgo3-~t1k3ctKqDclTaN0qDiUO5B6lZorSSg0JyZyM4jvrAJntJGCABxbwaHUj73kEGTiszrB3B3PqEnRVMFLe~CIzkjIbn~yYRmWNqgxp7Esrgu4C6PCx21isaTy6rHw3xSg6ef2aryw4IJ5pA76kTUL1KreWpM2hAHa8atZSCok-mbhZTSm32ZyRyfcg6T7DH4jFPsYMUFUsJzblHn7xQMMeXzl-p9zs63tK7OoEPUVpLc6jOONBdztwUrh~u3BN~Z81-f5RMCS59SVHw4hQW9XS~yI1yEPa1XBCxCzvk85-ujnAI~tIhL~lvJFfl61A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA","download_file_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11650417/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","full_thumbnail_url":"https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/11650417/mini_magick20190427-20658-1yv8vy4.png?1556356525"}],"has_pdf":true,"has_fulltext":true,"page_count":13,"ordered_authors":[{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology","nofollow":true},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics","nofollow":true},{"id":16930,"name":"History of Classical Scholarship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Classical_Scholarship","nofollow":true}],"publication_year":2011,"publication_year_with_fallback":2011,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":163,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2134347" data-work_id="2134347" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2134347/Archeologia_klasyczna_w_poszukiwaniu_swej_to%C5%BCsamo%C5%9Bci_Mi%C4%99dzy_przesz%C5%82o%C5%9Bci%C4%85_tera%C5%BAniejszo%C5%9Bci%C4%85_a_histori%C4%85_sztuki_Classical_Archaeology_in_Pursuits_of_Its_Identity_Between_the_Past_the_Present_and_the_History_of_Art_">Archeologia klasyczna w poszukiwaniu swej tożsamości. Między przeszłością, teraźniejszością a historią sztuki (Classical Archaeology in Pursuits of Its Identity: Between the Past, the Present and the History of Art)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article considers classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe taking into account the fact, that interest in the relics of ancient civilisations is deeply inscribed in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2134347" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article considers classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe taking into account the fact, that interest in the relics of ancient civilisations is deeply inscribed in the self-identification of various peoples of Europe, in terms of their cultural identity. The author deals mainly with the way the modern world values, interprets and conserves the classical past, especially Greek art and architecture and other cultural achievements of ancient societies, and how the elites of the Western World used to do it during past centuries. The problem of common roots of classical archaeology and history of art as well as the longstanding relationship between the disciplines are thoroughly discussed. Discrepancies between the main research procedures applied by classical archaeologists and art historians are discussed, especially in the light the present negative approach to relating assumptions connected with the meanings and the messages inherent in the modern concept of art, to archaeological sources. The role of museums and art and antiquities trade is raised. Further on the author considers classical archaeology with much broader archaeological issues discussed at the contemporary discipline. It is recognized that classical archaeology certainly has changed and abandoned former connoisseur knowledge of the artefacts, concentrated solely on the works of art often viewed as an autonomous world, excluded from the context of its production, functioning and perception. Finally, the author recognizes contemporary classical archaeology as a rapidly evolving discipline, reformulating its research fields and open to cooperation with numerous disciplines. Nevertheless, this should not mean distancing itself from and abandoning the great traditions of the classical archaeology, functioning as the history of ancient art. On the contrary, it should be rethought and included again in contemporary research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2134347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="626770359da40d6183600e12ab190d63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31084054,"asset_id":2134347,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31084054/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="830615" href="https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj">Ewa Bugaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="830615" type="text/json">{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2134347 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2134347"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2134347, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2134347", }); 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Między przeszłością, teraźniejszością a historią sztuki (Classical Archaeology in Pursuits of Its Identity: Between the Past, the Present and the History of Art)","created_at":"2012-11-14T19:25:10.146-08:00","owner_id":830615,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/2134347/Archeologia_klasyczna_w_poszukiwaniu_swej_to%C5%BCsamo%C5%9Bci_Mi%C4%99dzy_przesz%C5%82o%C5%9Bci%C4%85_tera%C5%BAniejszo%C5%9Bci%C4%85_a_histori%C4%85_sztuki_Classical_Archaeology_in_Pursuits_of_Its_Identity_Between_the_Past_the_Present_and_the_History_of_Art_","slug":"Archeologia_klasyczna_w_poszukiwaniu_swej_tożsamości_Między_przeszłością_teraźniejszością_a_historią_sztuki_Classical_Archaeology_in_Pursuits_of_Its_Identity_Between_the_Past_the_Present_and_the_History_of_Art_","dom_id":"work_2134347","summary":"The article considers classical archaeology as one of the first and oldest branches of archaeology practised in Europe taking into account the fact, that interest in the relics of ancient civilisations is deeply inscribed in the self-identification of various peoples of Europe, in terms of their cultural identity. The author deals mainly with the way the modern world values, interprets and conserves the classical past, especially Greek art and architecture and other cultural achievements of ancient societies, and how the elites of the Western World used to do it during past centuries. The problem of common roots of classical archaeology and history of art as well as the longstanding relationship between the disciplines are thoroughly discussed. Discrepancies between the main research procedures applied by classical archaeologists and art historians are discussed, especially in the light the present negative approach to relating assumptions connected with the meanings and the messages inherent in the modern concept of art, to archaeological sources. The role of museums and art and antiquities trade is raised. Further on the author considers classical archaeology with much broader archaeological issues discussed at the contemporary discipline. It is recognized that classical archaeology certainly has changed and abandoned former connoisseur knowledge of the artefacts, concentrated solely on the works of art often viewed as an autonomous world, excluded from the context of its production, functioning and perception. Finally, the author recognizes contemporary classical archaeology as a rapidly evolving discipline, reformulating its research fields and open to cooperation with numerous disciplines. Nevertheless, this should not mean distancing itself from and abandoning the great traditions of the classical archaeology, functioning as the history of ancient art. On the contrary, it should be rethought and included again in contemporary research.","publication":"journal article in Polish with English summary","publication_with_fallback":"journal article in Polish with English 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Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Art_and_Architecture"},{"id":118875,"name":"Cultural history of the Ancient world","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_history_of_the_Ancient_world"}],"publication_year":2011,"publication_year_with_fallback":2011,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":360,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3206021" data-work_id="3206021" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3206021/Ornamentyka_figuralna_na_naczyniach_glinianych_okresu_przedrzymskiego_i_rzymskiego_w_Polsce_Figural_Ornamentations_in_the_Clay_Vessels_Dated_to_the_pre_Roman_and_Roman_Periods_from_Poland_">Ornamentyka figuralna na naczyniach glinianych okresu przedrzymskiego i rzymskiego w Polsce (Figural Ornamentations in the Clay Vessels Dated to the pre-Roman and Roman Periods from Poland)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article discusses figural ornamentation in clay vessels dated to pre-Roman and Roman periods found on territory of Poland. A catalogue description, structural and typological analysis, and determining chronology and the function of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3206021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article discusses figural ornamentation in clay vessels dated to pre-Roman and Roman periods found on territory of Poland. A catalogue description, structural and typological analysis, and determining chronology and the function of the objects made it possible to place this group in the cultural background of analogous findings of Celtic and Germanic prehistoric societies ceramics from the Barbaricum area and Great Britain. Figural motifs show remarkable variety in images and the techniques employed, since they occur in board chronological frames.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3206021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb833cf229860d25a56ad4ed152c6d0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31106957,"asset_id":3206021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31106957/download_file?st=MTc0MDE2MDc0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="830615" href="https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj">Ewa Bugaj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="830615" type="text/json">{"id":830615,"first_name":"Ewa","last_name":"Bugaj","domain_name":"amu","page_name":"EwaBugaj","display_name":"Ewa Bugaj","profile_url":"https://amu.academia.edu/EwaBugaj","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/830615/290401/349774/s65_ewa.bugaj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3206021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3206021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3206021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3206021", }); 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A catalogue description, structural and typological analysis, and determining chronology and the function of the objects made it possible to place this group in the cultural background of analogous findings of Celtic and Germanic prehistoric societies ceramics from the Barbaricum area and Great Britain. 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3206064/Zdobnictwo_figuralne_na_ceramice_dorzeczy_Odry_i_%C5%81aby_w_okresie_przedrzymskim_i_wp%C5%82yw%C3%B3w_rzymskich_Figural_Representations_in_the_Pottery_within_Oder_and_Elbe_River_Basins_Dated_to_the_pre_Roman_and_Roman_Iron_Age_">Zdobnictwo figuralne na ceramice dorzeczy Odry i Łaby w okresie przedrzymskim i wpływów rzymskich (Figural Representations in the Pottery within Oder and Elbe River Basins Dated to the pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3206064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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