CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pali Canon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"27d00dab-661c-43ab-8044-0330b67a065b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pali_Canon","wgTitle":"Pali Canon","wgCurRevisionId":9818901,"wgRevisionId":9818901,"wgArticleId":1072686,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles with VIAF identifiers","Articles with GND identifiers","Articles with J9U identifiers","Articles with LCCN identifiers","Articles with NKC identifiers","Buddhist texts","1st-century BC books","Buddhism"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pali_Canon","wgRelevantArticleId":1072686,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q215685","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/1200px-Tipitaka2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1668"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/800px-Tipitaka2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1112"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/640px-Tipitaka2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="889"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pali Canon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Canon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Canon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pali_Canon rootpage-Pali_Canon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pali+Canon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pali+Canon" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pali+Canon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pali+Canon" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Parts_of_Canon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parts_of_Canon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Parts of Canon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parts_of_Canon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pali Canon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali-kanon" title="Pali-kanon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pali-kanon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="شريعة بالي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شريعة بالي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0" title="পালি ধৰ্মশাস্ত্ৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পালি ধৰ্মশাস্ত্ৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Pali" title="Canon Pali – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Canon Pali" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="পালি ত্রিপিটক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পালি ত্রিপিটক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="तिपिटक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तिपिटक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Палийски канон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палийски канон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0non_Pali" title="Cànon Pali – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cànon Pali" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1lijsk%C3%BD_k%C3%A1non" title="Pálijský kánon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pálijský kánon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Pali" title="Canon Pali – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canon Pali" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali-Kanon" title="Pali-Kanon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pali-Kanon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tipiṭaka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tipiṭaka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pali Canon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Pali" title="Canon Pali – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Canon Pali" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81li_Canon" title="Pāli Canon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pāli Canon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="متون دینی پالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متون دینی پالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Pali" title="Canon Pali – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Canon Pali" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4_%EB%8C%80%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%BD" title="팔리어 대장경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔리어 대장경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripitaka_Pali" title="Tripitaka Pali – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tripitaka Pali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canone_p%C4%81li" title="Canone pāli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canone pāli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="הקאנון הפאלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקאנון הפאלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81" title="ພຣະໄຕຣປິດົກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພຣະໄຕຣປິດົກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_kanonas" title="Pali kanonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pali kanonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipitaka" title="Tipitaka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tipitaka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%8B%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_(%E1%81%83)" title="ပိဋကတ် (၃) – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပိဋကတ် (၃)" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipitaka" title="Tipitaka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tipitaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%8B%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6" title="ပိဋကတ် သုံးပုံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိဋကတ် သုံးပုံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali-canon" title="Pali-canon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pali-canon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="पालि ग्रन्थ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पालि ग्रन्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E4%BB%8F%E5%85%B8" title="パーリ仏典 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パーリ仏典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palikanonen" title="Palikanonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palikanonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%80" title="ព្រះត្រៃបិដក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះត្រៃបិដក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2none_P%C4%81li" title="Cânone Pāli – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cânone Pāli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Палийский канон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палийский канон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA" title="ත්‍රිපිටකය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ත්‍රිපිටකය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1lijsk%C3%BD_k%C3%A1non" title="Pálijský kánon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pálijský kánon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_kanon" title="Pali kanon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pali kanon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Пали канон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пали канон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_kanon" title="Pali kanon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pali kanon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paali-kaanon" title="Paali-kaanon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paali-kaanon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palikanonen" title="Palikanonen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palikanonen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="พระไตรปิฎกภาษาบาลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระไตรปิฎกภาษาบาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali_Derlemesi" title="Pali Derlemesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pali Derlemesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тапітака – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тапітака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_Pali" title="Kinh điển Pali – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh điển Pali" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴利三藏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Pali_Canon&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion about the content page (not yet started) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pali_Canon" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pali_Canon" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&oldid=9818901" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pali_Canon&id=9818901&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPali_Canon"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPali_Canon"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pali+Canon"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pali_Canon&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pali_Canon" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215685" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipitaka2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/220px-Tipitaka2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/330px-Tipitaka2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tipitaka2.jpg/440px-Tipitaka2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>Standard collection of Pali Canon.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7846683">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-collapse:collapse"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFE4B5;">Part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Theravada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Theravada (not yet started)">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFE4B5;"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada"><span style="color:#cc5500">Theravāda Buddhism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhism_dham_jak.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dharmachakra"><img alt="Dharmachakra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Buddhism_dham_jak.svg/100px-Buddhism_dham_jak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Buddhism_dham_jak.svg/150px-Buddhism_dham_jak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Buddhism_dham_jak.svg/200px-Buddhism_dham_jak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center">Countries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Cambodia (not yet started)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China#Theravada_Buddhism" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in India (not yet started)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Laos (not yet started)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Myanmar (not yet started)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Nepal (not yet started)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Thailand (not yet started)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Vietnam (not yet started)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_the_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in the West (not yet started)">Western world</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pali literature (not yet started)">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pāli Tipiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracanonical_texts_(Theravada_Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paracanonical texts (Theravada Buddhism) (not yet started)">Paracanonical texts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atthakatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atthakatha (not yet started)">Commentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subcommentaries,_Theravada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subcommentaries, Theravada (not yet started)">Sub-commentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vimuttimagga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vimuttimagga (not yet started)">Vimuttimagga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visuddhimagga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visuddhimagga (not yet started)">Visuddhimagga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhidhammavatara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhidhammavatara (not yet started)">Abhidhammavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhidhammattha-sangaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhidhammattha-sangaha (not yet started)">Abhidhammattha-sangaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yog%C4%81vacara%27s_manual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yogāvacara's manual (not yet started)">Yogāvacara's manual</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Therav%C4%81da_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Theravāda Buddhism (not yet started)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-sectarian_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism (not yet started)">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Buddhist_schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Buddhist schools (not yet started)">Early schools</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sthaviravada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sthaviravada (not yet started)">Sthaviras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist councils (not yet started)">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vibhajjavada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vibhajjavada (not yet started)">Vibhajjavada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anuradhapura_Maha_Viharaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya (not yet started)">Mahāvihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipavamsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipavamsa (not yet started)">Dipavamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahavamsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahavamsa (not yet started)">Mahavamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Text_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pali Text Society (not yet started)">Pali Text Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_modernism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist modernism (not yet started)">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipassana_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipassana movement (not yet started)">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_Forest_Tradition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thai Forest Tradition (not yet started)">Thai Forest Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Lankan_Forest_Tradition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Lankan Forest Tradition (not yet started)">Sri Lankan Forest Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Esoteric_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Esoteric Buddhism (not yet started)">Southern Esoteric Buddhism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center">Doctrine</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhidhamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhidhamma (not yet started)">Abhidhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatt%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anattā (not yet started)">Anattā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_precepts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five precepts (not yet started)">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhy%C4%81na_in_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhyāna in Buddhism (not yet started)">Jhana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kammaṭṭhāna (not yet started)">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samsara_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsara (Buddhism) (not yet started)"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Saṃsāra</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirvana_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirvana (Buddhism) (not yet started)"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Nibbāna</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_meditation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist meditation (not yet started)">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle Way (not yet started)">Middle Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Factors_of_Awakening&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Factors of Awakening (not yet started)">Seven Aids to Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sati_(Buddhism)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sati (Buddhism) (not yet started)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmavihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmavihara (not yet started)">Four Divine Abodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_stages_of_enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four stages of enlightenment (not yet started)">Enlightenment Stages</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_Precepts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist Precepts (not yet started)">Precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Jewels" title="Three Jewels">Three Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinaya (not yet started)">Vinaya</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFE4B5;;background:#FFE4B5;padding:0.2em;text-align:center">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:#FFF8DC; border: 2px solid #FFF8DC"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moggaliputta-Tissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moggaliputta-Tissa (not yet started)">Moggaliputta-Tissa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahinda_(buddhist_monk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahinda (buddhist monk) (not yet started)">Mahinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghamitta" title="Sanghamitta">Sanghamitta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devanampiya_Tissa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devanampiya Tissa (not yet started)">Tissa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhagho%E1%B9%A3a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhaghoṣa (not yet started)">Buddhaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhadatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhadatta (not yet started)">Buddhadatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhammap%C4%81la&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhammapāla (not yet started)">Dhammapāla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parakramabahu_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parakramabahu I (not yet started)">Parakramabahu I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%81riputta_Thera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sāriputta Thera (not yet started)">Sāriputta Thera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anawrahta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anawrahta (not yet started)">Anawrahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Khamhaeng" title="Ram Khamhaeng">Ram Khamhaeng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikkaduwe_Sri_Sumangala_Thera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera (not yet started)">Sumangala Thera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anagarika_Dharmapala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anagarika Dharmapala (not yet started)">Anagarika Dharmapala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongkut" title="Mongkut">Mongkut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vajirananavarorasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vajirananavarorasa (not yet started)">Vajirananavarorasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledi_Sayadaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ledi Sayadaw (not yet started)">Ledi Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_Nu" title="U Nu">U Nu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_N%C4%81rada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U Nārada (not yet started)">U Nārada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahasi_Sayadaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahasi Sayadaw (not yet started)">Mahasi Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_Ba_Khin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U Ba Khin (not yet started)">U Ba Khin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._N._Goenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. N. Goenka (not yet started)">S. N. Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mun_Bhuridatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mun Bhuridatta (not yet started)">Mun Bhuridatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajahn_Chah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajahn Chah (not yet started)">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Ghosananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maha Ghosananda (not yet started)">Maha Ghosananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kripasaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kripasaran (not yet started)">Kripasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bauddha_Rishi_Mahapragya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bauddha Rishi Mahapragya (not yet started)">Mahapragya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pragyananda_Mahasthavir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pragyananda Mahasthavir (not yet started)">Pragyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._Sri_Dhammananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. Sri Dhammananda (not yet started)">K. Sri Dhammananda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narada_Mahathera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narada Mahathera (not yet started)">Narada Mahathera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asoka_Weeraratna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asoka Weeraratna (not yet started)">Asoka Weeraratna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walpola_Rahula_Thero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walpola Rahula Thero (not yet started)">Walpola Rahula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._N._Jayatilleke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. N. Jayatilleke (not yet started)">Jayatilleke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Kalupahana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Kalupahana (not yet started)">Kalupahana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_Dhammaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U Dhammaloka (not yet started)">U Dhammaloka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyanatiloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyanatiloka (not yet started)">Nyanatiloka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanamoli_Bhikkhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanamoli Bhikkhu (not yet started)">Nanamoli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyanaponika_Thera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyanaponika Thera (not yet started)">Nyanaponika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhikkhu_Bodhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhikkhu Bodhi (not yet started)">Bhikkhu Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajahn_Sumedho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajahn Sumedho (not yet started)">Ajahn Sumedho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajahn_Brahm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajahn Brahm (not yet started)">Ajahn Brahm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analayo (not yet started)">Analayo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varanggana_Vanavichayen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varanggana Vanavichayen (not yet started)">Varanggana Vanavichayen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhammananda_Bhikkhuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhammananda Bhikkhuni (not yet started)">Dhammananda Bhikkhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayya_Tathaaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayya Tathaaloka (not yet started)">Ayya Tathaaloka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayya_Khema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayya Khema (not yet started)">Ayya Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kee_Nanayon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kee Nanayon (not yet started)">Kee Nanayon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dipa_Ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dipa Ma (not yet started)">Dipa Ma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theravada_Buddhism" title="Template:Theravada Buddhism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Theravada_Buddhism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Theravada Buddhism (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Theravada_Buddhism&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pali Canon</b> is the main set of <a href="/wiki/Scripture" title="Scripture">scriptures</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhist</a> tradition. It's in the <a href="/wiki/Pali_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali language">Pali language</a> and is one of the most complete early <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> collections.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comes mainly from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamrashatiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamrashatiya (not yet started)">Tamrashatiya</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> passed away, his <a href="/wiki/Students" class="mw-redirect" title="Students">students</a>, Ananda recited the Sutta Pitaka, and Upali recited the Vinaya Pitaka, two of three parts of the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Tripiktaka</a>, during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist Councils (not yet started)">First Buddhist Council</a>. The teachings were then preserved orally. The <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Tipitaka</a>, transmitted to <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> during <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">King Ashoka's</a> time, was first spoken and later written down on <a href="/wiki/Palm_tree" title="Palm tree">palm leaves</a> during the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhist_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhist Councils (not yet started)">Fourth Buddhist Council</a> in 29 BC, about 454 years after <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha's</a> death.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oral <a href="/wiki/Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Tradition">tradition</a> continued alongside written <a href="/wiki/Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptures">scriptures</a> for many centuries. Writing down the <a href="/wiki/Scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptures">scriptures</a> was a new tradition that faced opposition at first but was later accepted. The records of this event became an account of a "council" held under King Vattagamani.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_of_Canon">Parts of Canon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Parts of Canon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Parts of Canon"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pali Canon has three main parts, called pitaka, meaning "basket." So, it's traditionally known as the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Tripiṭaka</a>, meaning "three baskets." The three pitakas are:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Vinaya Piṭaka:</b> Deals with rules and discipline of the sangha (monastic community).</li> <li><b>Sutta Piṭaka:</b> Contains discourses and sermons of <a href="/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>, some religious <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>. It's the largest basket.</li> <li><b>Abhidhamma Piṭaka:</b> Includes treatises that explain <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> doctrines, especially about the <a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">mind</a>. Also called the "systematic philosophy" basket.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Vinaya Pitaka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Sutta Pitaka</a> are similar to the works of early <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> schools. However, the <a href="/wiki/Tripitaka" title="Tripitaka">Abhidhamma Pitaka</a> is unique to <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> and differs from the Abhidhamma works of other <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> schools.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tipitaka_scripture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tipitaka_scripture.jpg/220px-Tipitaka_scripture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tipitaka_scripture.jpg/330px-Tipitaka_scripture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Tipitaka_scripture.jpg/440px-Tipitaka_scripture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Tripitaka palm-leaf manuscripts.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the past, the Pali Canon wasn't in <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">books</a> but written on thin <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> slices or <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> called palm-leaf manuscripts. These leaves were tied together, covered in <a href="/wiki/Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth">cloth</a>, and kept in a box.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada tradition</a> calls the Canon the Word of the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> (buddhavacana), even though it includes teachings by <a href="/wiki/Disciple" class="mw-disambig" title="Disciple">disciples</a>. Buddhaghosa and later monks wrote commentaries summarizing the traditional interpretation of the Canon. These interpretations are found in Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a spokesman for the Buddha Sasana Council of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, the Canon has everything to guide the path to <a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">nirvana</a>. While commentaries may have speculative content, they generally stay true to the teachings. In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, "official" <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> often follows the interpretations of Western scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Canon has been written for <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">centuries</a>, its oral nature is still important in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. People memorize and recite texts, like the Paritta, as a form of <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a>. Even laypeople usually know a few texts by heart. Monks, like Vicittasara from <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, sometimes memorize the entire Canon. The relation of the scriptures to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> among monks and laypeople is complex, and not all parts of the Canon were widely used across different places. Some scholars suggest that <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> is the exploration of the early scriptures' implications.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theravada Buddhism">Theravada Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pali_Canon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pali Canon"><span style="">Pali Canon</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNorman2001" class="citation journal cs1">Norman, K. R. (2001-05-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v18i2.14459">"A Dictionary of Pali, Part I, A-Kh. Margaret Cone"</a>. <i>Buddhist Studies Review</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 252–253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fbsrv.v18i2.14459">10.1558/bsrv.v18i2.14459</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1747-9681">1747-9681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buddhist+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=A+Dictionary+of+Pali%2C+Part+I%2C+A-Kh.+Margaret+Cone.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=252-253&rft.date=2001-05-21&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fbsrv.v18i2.14459&rft.issn=1747-9681&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1558%2Fbsrv.v18i2.14459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLee2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Byung-wook (2021-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21718/eabc.2021.45.09">"A Study on Popular Buddhism of Cheontae Jong from Viewpoint of Buddhist Reformation"</a>. <i>Journal of Eastern-Asia Buddhism and Culture</i>. <b>45</b>: 239–274. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21718%2Feabc.2021.45.09">10.21718/eabc.2021.45.09</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2714-0938">2714-0938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eastern-Asia+Buddhism+and+Culture&rft.atitle=A+Study+on+Popular+Buddhism+of+Cheontae+Jong+from+Viewpoint+of+Buddhist+Reformation&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=239-274&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21718%2Feabc.2021.45.09&rft.issn=2714-0938&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Byung-wook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.21718%2Feabc.2021.45.09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHannabuss2004" class="citation journal cs1">Hannabuss, Stuart (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410552426">"Encyclopedia of Buddhism"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i>. <b>18</b> (6): 12–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F09504120410552426">10.1108/09504120410552426</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-4125">0950-4125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Buddhism&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+Buddhism&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=12-13&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F09504120410552426&rft.issn=0950-4125&rft.aulast=Hannabuss&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1108%2F09504120410552426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1987" class="citation journal cs1">Collins, Steven (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00053696">"G. Dhammapala, Richard Gombrich and K. R. Norman (ed.): Buddhist studies in honour of Hammalava Saddhatissa. xvi 262 pp., front. Nugegoda, Sri Lanka: University of Sri Jayawardenapura, 1984"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 170–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00053696">10.1017/s0041977x00053696</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=G.+Dhammapala%2C+Richard+Gombrich+and+K.+R.+Norman+%28ed.%29%3A+Buddhist+studies+in+honour+of+Hammalava+Saddhatissa.+xvi+262+pp.%2C+front.+Nugegoda%2C+Sri+Lanka%3A+University+of+Sri+Jayawardenapura%2C+1984.&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=170-172&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00053696&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00053696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGombrich2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gombrich, Richard (2006-04-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203130254">"Theravada Buddhism"</a>. <i>Theravada</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203130254">10.4324/9780203130254</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-13025-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-13025-4"><bdi>978-0-203-13025-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theravada&rft.atitle=Theravada+Buddhism&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203130254&rft.isbn=978-0-203-13025-4&rft.aulast=Gombrich&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9780203130254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tipitaka">"Pali canon | Definition, Contents, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Pali+canon+%7C+Definition%2C+Contents%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTipitaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531200603/https://www.tipitaka.org/index.shtml">"The Pali Tipitaka"</a>. <i>The Pali Tipitaka</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tipitaka.org/index.shtml">the original</a> on 2023-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pali+Tipitaka&rft.atitle=The+Pali+Tipitaka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftipitaka.org%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/The-Pali-canon-Tipitaka">"Buddhism - Pali Canon, Tipitaka, Dharma | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Buddhism+-+Pali+Canon%2C+Tipitaka%2C+Dharma+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBuddhism%2FThe-Pali-canon-Tipitaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2005" class="citation book cs1">Norman, K. R. (2005-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qYyRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76"><i>Buddhist Forum Volume V: Philological Approach to Buddhism</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75154-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75154-8"><bdi>978-1-135-75154-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Forum+Volume+V%3A+Philological+Approach+to+Buddhism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-09-27&rft.isbn=978-1-135-75154-8&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqYyRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism/The-Pali-canon-Tipitaka">"Buddhism - Pali Canon, Tipitaka, Dharma | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Buddhism+-+Pali+Canon%2C+Tipitaka%2C+Dharma+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBuddhism%2FThe-Pali-canon-Tipitaka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121124042336/http://www.sri-lankan-pali-texts.net/">"Sri Lankan Pali Texts"</a>. 2012-11-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sri-lankan-pali-texts.net/">the original</a> on 2012-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Lankan+Pali+Texts&rft.date=2012-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sri-lankan-pali-texts.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2005" class="citation book cs1">Norman, K. R. (2005-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qYyRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76"><i>Buddhist Forum Volume V: Philological Approach to Buddhism</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75154-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75154-8"><bdi>978-1-135-75154-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Forum+Volume+V%3A+Philological+Approach+to+Buddhism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005-09-27&rft.isbn=978-1-135-75154-8&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=K.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqYyRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWynne2007" class="citation book cs1">Wynne, Alexander (2007-04-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203963005"><i>The Origin of Buddhist Meditation</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203963005">10.4324/9780203963005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-09741-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-09741-8"><bdi>978-1-134-09741-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Buddhist+Meditation&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-04-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203963005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-09741-8&rft.aulast=Wynne&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9780203963005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3APali+Canon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215685#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186719718">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4128277-2">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007268953005171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84049005">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671803">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span title="Tripitaka." class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=unn2015891979&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&oldid=9818901">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&oldid=9818901</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_texts" title="Category:Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1st-century_BC_books" title="Category:1st-century BC books">1st-century BC books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with VIAF identifiers">Articles with VIAF identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with GND identifiers">Articles with GND identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with J9U identifiers">Articles with J9U identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with LCCN identifiers">Articles with LCCN identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NKC_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with NKC identifiers">Articles with NKC identifiers</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 10 October 2024, at 11:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pali_Canon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-67847f4bfd-66b2r","wgBackendResponseTime":124,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.456","walltime":"0.814","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1070,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":48807,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":540,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":55560,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 550.187 1 -total"," 36.42% 200.368 1 Template:Theravada_Buddhism"," 32.68% 179.808 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 29.28% 161.112 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.81% 109.018 1 Template:Commons_category"," 19.28% 106.091 1 Template:Sister_project"," 18.76% 103.219 1 Template:Side_box"," 17.19% 94.559 2 Template:IAST"," 16.72% 91.991 2 Template:Transl"," 16.17% 88.978 5 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.324","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23144967,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-648c847f85-f7z8q","timestamp":"20241203084125","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pali Canon","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pali_Canon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215685","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q215685","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-12-28T08:39:30Z","dateModified":"2024-10-10T11:58:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0d\/Tipitaka2.jpg","headline":"Buddhist scriptures preserved in the P\u0101li language by the Theravada tradition"}</script> </body> </html>