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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #47374a; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#47374a"><b>Thinking hardly<br />or hardly thinking?</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Philosophy</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f8feff;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy" title="Category:Philosophy"><img alt="Icon philosophy.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/d/d0/Icon_philosophy.svg/100px-Icon_philosophy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/d/d0/Icon_philosophy.svg/150px-Icon_philosophy.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/d/d0/Icon_philosophy.svg/200px-Icon_philosophy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b>Major trains of thought</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">Reality</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b>The good, the bad,<br />and the brain fart</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_theory" title="Scientific theory">Scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More" title="More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causal_impotence_objection" title="Causal impotence objection">Causal impotence objection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everlasting_No" title="Everlasting No">Everlasting No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Liberalism" title="Combat Liberalism">Combat Liberalism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#47374a; text-align:center;"><b>Come to think of it</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#f8feff;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">Philosophy of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy" title="Template:Philosophy">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy" title="Template talk:Philosophy">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Philosophy&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>I heard it was you<br />Talking 'bout a world where all is free<br />It just couldn't be<br />And only a fool would say that</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<i>Only a Fool Would Say That</i>, Steely Dan<i></i></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>utopia</b> refers to the result or aim of any effort to make the world or <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humankind</a> perfect. It derives from the book <i>Utopia</i> by Sir Thomas More (1516), about an ideal society where everybody is happy and has everything they need, although the concept is much older, particularly in religious writing.<sup id="cite_ref-hertzler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hertzler-1">[1]</a></sup> In the original version of More's book, there was an addendum by More which in part said, "Wherfore not Utopie, but rather rightely my name is Eutopie, a place of felicitie".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> "Eutopia" in Greek means "Good Place", while the near homophone Outopia means "No Place". </p><p>In many cases, the word "utopian" can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Snarl_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Snarl word">snarl word</a>. <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Marxists</a> were accustomed to contrasting their "scientific" socialism with the pre-Marxist "utopian" socialist philosophies. It can also be applied by <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservatives</a> to <a href="/wiki/Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal">liberal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leftism" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftism">leftist</a> reformers with an equal amount of irony. </p><p>One drawback a utopian "planner" must deal with is that one person's utopia is often another person's <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>; another is that <a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">humans are flawed</a>, and since society is populated and run by humans, it’s inevitable that society will be flawed as well; lastly, there are few utopian ideas that are not by now completely worn out. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples">Examples</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><i>The City of God</i> (426 CE) by <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> sets out a contented, spiritual city in opposition to an evil earthly city of the flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Utopia</i> (1516) by Thomas More</li> <li>Robert Owen (1771-1858) was a British textile manufacturer who tried to construct model communities for his workers, such as New Lanark in central Scotland, where workers' children were educated, and workers could buy things at fair prices rather than be forced to shop at rip-off company stores.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a> (1772-1837) was an early utopian <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> thinker whose writings described a society where everybody would co-operate and live in harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></li> <li>Étienne Cabet (1788-1856) was a utopian socialist who described his ideal society in <i>Voyage to Icaria</i> (1840)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></li> <li>Edward Bellamy's <i>Looking Backward: 2000–1887</i> (1888) set out a vision of a socialist society based on nationalization (which he confusingly called nationalism) and was a massive bestseller in the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li> <li><i>A Modern Utopia</i> (1905) by H. G. Wells described an ideal future society by a writer better known for nightmarish visions of the future. It proposed a society where energy was the currency, mechanization meant most people didn't need to work, and men and women were equal, with marriages lasting a few years unless children were produced. However, it was also based on an asceticism derived from Wells's idea of the samurai, including a ban on alcohol and drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">Dystopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age" title="Golden age">Golden age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_paradise" title="Libertarian paradise">Libertarian paradise</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theopenutopia.org/home/">Open Utopia</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utopia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hertzler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hertzler_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofutopian00hertuoft/page/n11">The history of utopian thought</a>, Joyce Oramel Hertzler, Cooper Square Publishers, New York, 1965</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theopenutopia.org/full-text/anemolius/">A Short Meter Utopia Written by Amemolius, Poet Laurete and Nephew to Hythloday by his Sister.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_City_of_God" class="extiw" title="wp:The City of God" rel="nofollow">The City of God</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/b39285e4-19eb-347e-9af3-06b2391b525f">Robert Owen, socialist and visionary</a>, BBC Wales blogs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/fourier/index.htm">Charles Fourier Archive</a>, marxists.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" class="extiw" title="wp:Étienne Cabet" rel="nofollow">Étienne Cabet</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looking_Backward" class="extiw" title="wp:Looking Backward" rel="nofollow">Looking Backward</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Modern_Utopia" class="extiw" title="wp:A Modern Utopia" rel="nofollow">A Modern Utopia</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Utopia&oldid=2673570">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Utopia&oldid=2673570</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophy" title="Category:Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Futurism" title="Category:Futurism">Futurism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government" title="Category:Government">Government</a></li><li><a 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