CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91349658eb9c9b8d',cH: 'XmaY_8piXYl4CXoNS8Vc7DsleCsOk8mWvkMddIJW1lQ-1739782828-1.2.1.1-foggdUrITrxSCATJH2DxJHSHvSwQjnmPLZXdw4OJgDVqaw9_xaqUCdl.EZPQ67Hi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=karst%20spring&__cf_chl_tk=Jf6greAQn8sVwzadNigOVMmBm5GqGNFNTcBlvoGyft8-1739782828-1.0.1.1-FIvcBHysN_UNeDWcAarzZofn58nK1OvYITt2NUw41h0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739782828',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=karst%20spring&__cf_chl_f_tk=Jf6greAQn8sVwzadNigOVMmBm5GqGNFNTcBlvoGyft8-1739782828-1.0.1.1-FIvcBHysN_UNeDWcAarzZofn58nK1OvYITt2NUw41h0",md: "X31FnzH.woCizZcvCGy8GdOS0GEQCZxG5aMdPNb8gJc-1739782828-1.2.1.1-QqBD0BIuC2bZrhtHyDYqkCYYUgtiI.wsqh.t3C6prqHV6Jvrav.6iJdo2JztFFZ_TPbrHmQSEcBNNQdiHO2h3mMq1AatxZ0J6YxFryK9vJ8FGpv1Fg04nHtUwNFgac2hfnD2pCwbBaoAO8g4SpRoKNwnGrDP9CmgGRyAJiZpnfunNQJ6RxiKYgVPm_l10G1B8mrQqzHAlkDEW7mMAfTmq7U6vjq3aQJBhEJ785aWukpaSRma2uWZEg2oK6YxrkOqGm177VHeLWKUyRKsjYJ6s9_FIic_Gkes34YvjX9CepYqIfTSM0xzqeFX49R3lQphiqHlo58PVFojnPI1eYIKjX2dIoPT_SQYCASYghHqOExXVeMq.UBgPZymLAXkIAR8dCJ.h4JH5MjmXSUMcnkiI0sucNQKMNylkFqBPj0RdYte_ipKKAwRKepzFPvu_sjfx7qjGDRvtdDyOO1mhZ4QlO6Gd2KEd16RzomC7hsu2FXWw_UtxNX8dhXCNFgpei8ZXTTm2EkCXgDSRE7Yf9Cj48Wj0g5DxeZWtxfmdaYOUWjE2nXsfBDaceID5Vpa3ewI1D4MaP7m5rc38FqU.CQ5BNrXb4pmvN2tHjlHb0OceV8rtLkh5_EmsqBXn9B3lQk7O43f8JiwMvdLA2rupnqBMnDQTQsiLwioyz.gbOLxGc6rVg9f5VpGVoiBXgk3L.LRBtX.X8MeVeDHReqBVkHMWMWMkAE7s9ugjCXiR.aYCbcEg7IJ_tnBSCaVbNn.IdZQwnNPLbqeyLgF9ZlzyAkz14o2nEiA.Qzvimv4TakWUbtE.SFObM_T6NcWcdh1IbXslJzP_MEylJ4X8dBCR507POKrJfiBcso7JGgbEv4gL0yrtO1hJaWAWKLamtpFAGS_B01oIOG9NIDGtn0slHn_OVkay7lTGJ0pbLd3i4CBLoc8p2zNsxO0hvOOPgJ2wKEDLMGUjyXnHhpkrHzmQ2blYuoUwwnX6TSfkuBZQ7LNTVE3ScXLLAeO3l5D1Kh19LS1HZu8rQ5GD5KZ92FC9n1h4M.HpR58gu2FNflZpjGwyNi4OWbjdPxF17d1ZK4Gc0k8baBlMQACU8sgkR.PApVMLPy4fvsbYVn2qPhn3AkQYREh0TbGTiMMjjKdYmzgZ953UHGxYNoPlJGdOOFYUKOjsyf4ja7cO5A5ZV7.Ny75N_SPnyGhh5Udsm0YgdezhId7rzFfFGjVyZfoq5WlZTJto8x8DtDuMStYa6W7i.AYpxElUfZnYcX2GwZTkoDSf9Mwnufwf_MU9V_iH7pm2dHaIYIaLXZIR.HWBIjVCwZmQ5w5r4TxtB88Sjsu7Bu5VKHx0lqbZ5O3phgctIbJRy1iKnt3LpNpSxtrn8XOLSvaBKGLqcAFygCLXzculB.DB7dvmmBdN_0NwmD.J21ZDe10IPCFmn45zJ_Ez6KNlxPBQZ7iiTXtuRk8byYjNHQu2pywBEufIQ6sDG5C_OTgUOU2Gm5.FppbUE5.1FQJccW.wHlwDks5msr3tBOPuklGola1ok3KS7ApcFnZyTWqvbCqIzKWNpVQIvHnnkMYbv5Oz168K9lYzcNxDGWqi3UkFxT40G7IkXz56ehpTFzWHxJbEtZz.92lGuZpT.9HrI2Hn5935aje9V4_ZuSN6iW2Wz4gl9JyAramUPO_ffsToUxZkZWspX_Y4z2Z3iWcjmUG.PPT2pDf9yt1hFcwch9.CaVR4YFwV9FDJXxNlDl1nAJ5GQUkw4OhoRRf_AoyQXOg95mPVxMtmCMStDkHfD4h8a8mCnaY7tIx55BJNhWEwm80tAdwRT00ufoYrYDR700JHZvNVRHmE_osN5Q_.qp2vfuA_9iaIvRcJYgHo0KcGMbyDRWqhO1tPQAbHpS_aen8MU4.DP1a.c6pdoD7YqvXPGqgbLA1kYqlkDYnPgW3fWbmBQrdA6067N59NEVwT.Iwg7k",mdrd: "MqkqnsvsX0G2_2vSWeDGXXNic4ZO7PLR5zQna7Yk53k-1739782828-1.2.1.1-lfMy9wMgd_mlUw8aIpBCdFKO.Eb9SLGKq8sTPyN5ex5nxbia9T2cbuk0Kv.fywqurXciQxmwuQNTYLYUp9.WQsJ5qmh3L2JHaVloGOukVYaun0jf1uRd_hKR4bfuGRo91CgTMMSriBsl5_UuMDVrc7QsLcQlHniCvRrc6z2aLJWRSEBCCQtTpBHWIB9A5Wc.jUeOGT8vfMkp31gl3Q5SnzYsYgdHsSiTsXs7YCqMGbUKG8mXnjWMiyO3u6rkAmHboecn_GjIoju5WLccnBPJt3ZnNEOLtfqSzN.CG_wCr3Zp3mg1KWuT.NXP6x45ARfsQcC7PhvOyixPExIMCTHCYsm0XWsNlhS7aqTrCpvTUUbhrwqpOhXOm5VqH9JeY9aZvW_LzRnatxhll2inlap1hOR_IUR58gmeUYGuAF7p4.U62YxQYky23iZKjRjno8QGpAALXOCwKclpYIWRXSCv_8vF9bIPqZGxM1aqHtxoEYft_KeKqfqJRFXbqj64epnlihZkSkiWJ7y6zFcdFPw5fXfU99N1xt6ITsOUNZuewmcaDTwpyoTKIrYzB4UKqENOvdAPs.1dSBoK5NRLttg7F9R2n8rf1LzgoJu5uNCN1pTr1kWe.H3LLtsjPzEyzKhrb3GFeD69UAYWOkLzknI9gkQFHiTGoTJwgkELDO6NVau5__gKt_Az0ItbPZCgc4vT3SHgDfOGp7ZgIAES2YMMTp8rX2EZRlqsC21MvYlg7uzE0M.GmQF7rF2olHE_trAQbjQoT3qHx2zRWGC6Fk5_B7IhA1PZl9fZhQpRZop3Y6EpdLJSn.zTsGDr7hQFUgMA3KtCBOrESjVPE8BiUj4UXizwekj2TiLUlZV63DPIzOKVBAHzQhOp.sDDXa6aLOR5f5snzvwoOMZ1cFvq2obbZY3gWflkJ_He8pUHAS3O6JPaRPfDWGS2qKi9I3D2OAbYIY3tgj.jY2XqDA9SFqcQYxrXedL3pDt6JtOCr7inhZafDwHXmJapZEW0Kdd.IiCdhqbmsjEGLAgVtsmnLD38ME46qztPfb6M.CH.i3CPyoKwFG5J2sFLS3jTCWpDU80F9PXiOs_nwvXfESLzlISVSGWTLJ5j7tPUaFW8SyjEfdw2bQdfSa1pzc402aNQWD4d3yQWQhIxwGHVpa3rCa1ALWqSifG6eoUMaixZe3nr2pQT1VgEXNYAECVp_.YyeO7xlEmaTLGZCHLg0vfPBHZd0_T9yjyr3O36qTk0nKHP7Rmg4GzYbMMP4.GIvPUEsSH1skVXnLKjsANySgCbth2L52n1sEkPunBrh9GCFubR4FY8XQFtu0.lMwgaEhvz_CstbnPWrE6qmhiJXKUmt598Z24.JgtQbG7TtLvL.4YjJ8KO1b2eCDJI0bkmrWp0SjhTK9QQ0uOu_QEvuFrOd98eU8FN14V7j8uuiF8IXJmrwYexfw_talHlNGrdPIqodM0j2zaR03_.1.eDk4Vxy_lMzCdWdp6Pt4vm59RdGGD19j.0lJXxUZnWIxMSR8jFjBSpy_qrqepJiXxF09LUOGnh3dTaybBbiCn2PVd70tbEkUT3ss.dovwMal8b6e0OMVGUtiiIqA6C5yoaBCy29inNClH2K4m5lKhDGxDzYbPMGnaUAugsM67eIdfvg42vMZP7Sl3IqvPcgiEWOLO1UqpIZu.xwMw7x_nGj3sV32VTWVvn_1Kr90SlnaD1h4jfLlKM4dvQu9YY50CJx.tX6R7vkfS_9KzvgOpZMJUsIxbdfeRU2F6lYsAQmw7DspFTkFFB70pIwyl5dhvSmCqWgH7xIHrdySbtxiey5FOg1OQiHIpWPlJWtchn.2dPtlm4q05juBk0UYZ7ydVvpy0HK47vyIJVOeJRiuiW0r3D6ftWwzlnSZOIdfg.KuB.E.R_bBcdmmPn8Kprw3vDWTkyybFJMRmU_NBeQMcGgquO4xrqLvf7tuRgcdNH6PaSxRF0vVHA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91349658eb9c9b8d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=karst%20spring&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Jf6greAQn8sVwzadNigOVMmBm5GqGNFNTcBlvoGyft8-1739782828-1.0.1.1-FIvcBHysN_UNeDWcAarzZofn58nK1OvYITt2NUw41h0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>