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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.0//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/xhtml-mobile10.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-SG"><head><meta content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/><meta content="no-cache" name="Cache-Control"/><title>"X-Road" -wikipedia - Google Search</title><style>a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a img{border:0}body{font-family:arial,sans-serif;padding:8px;margin:0 auto;max-width:700px;min-width:240px;}.FbhRzb{border-left:thin solid #dadce0;border-right:thin solid #dadce0;border-top:thin solid #dadce0;height:40px;overflow:hidden}.n692Zd{margin-bottom:10px}.cvifge{height:40px;border-spacing:0}.QvGUP{height:40px;padding:0 8px 0 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.CVA68e:hover{text-decoration:underline}.gNEi4d{table-layout:fixed}.Y0aAmf{text-align:center}.iUhyd{vertical-align:bottom}.CO79Sb{position:relative}.WQbFld{bottom:0;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;background-image:url(https://www.gstatic.com/search_trustx/visibility_off_icon_p0-7d897bf44bafe5436baa9009e8716337.png);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:20px}.CSfvHb{padding-bottom:8px}.GN4D8d{margin:0}</style><div class="n692Zd"><div class="BnJWBc"><a class="lXLRf" href="/?sca_esv=d2c89b61858e419b&output=search&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQPAgC"><img class="kgJEQe" src="/images/branding/searchlogo/1x/googlelogo_desk_heirloom_color_150x55dp.gif" alt="Google"/></a></div><div class="FbhRzb"><form action="/search"><input name="sca_esv" value="d2c89b61858e419b" type="hidden"/><input name="tbm" value="bks" type="hidden"/><input name="oq" type="hidden"/><input name="aqs" type="hidden"/><table class="cvifge"><tr><td class="O4cRJf"><input class="MhzMZd" value='"X-Road" -wikipedia' name="q" type="text"/></td><td class="O1ePr"><input class="xB0fq" value="Search" type="submit"/></td></tr></table></form></div><div class="M7pB2"><table class="euZec"><tbody><tr><td><a class="CsQyDc" href="/search?q=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&sca_esv=d2c89b61858e419b&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ_AUIBCgA">ALL</a></td><td><a class="CsQyDc" href="/search?q=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&sca_esv=d2c89b61858e419b&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ_AUIBSgB">IMAGES</a></td><td><a class="CsQyDc" href="/search?q=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&sca_esv=d2c89b61858e419b&tbm=nws&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ_AUIBigC">NEWS</a></td><td class="EY24We"><span class="QIqI7">BOOKS</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=MaNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgGEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Annual Report</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=MaNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgGEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:58px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=MaNAAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=58" style="width:58px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X Road 9. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing at McGirk Station , Mo. X Road 10. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing 2 miles west of McGirk Sta- tion , Mo. X Road 11. - Ground in center of track at county ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6f6pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgNEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Electronic Government: 18th IFIP WG 8.5 International ...</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6f6pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgNEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:52px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=6f6pDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=52" style="width:52px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X-Road instances. The X-Road website lists at this time five companies (three Finnish and two Estonian) who can be contacted on these matters. As a result, we have observed that X-Road aims mainly to be an interoper- ability solution ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hn93JaYi7EkC&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgKEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Report of the Superintendent ... Showing the Progress of the ...</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hn93JaYi7EkC&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgKEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:60px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=hn93JaYi7EkC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=74&w=60" style="width:60px;height:74px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X Road 9. Ground in center of track at county road crossing at McGirk Station , Mo. X Road 10. Ground in center of track at county road crossing 2 miles west of McGirk Sta- tion , Mo. X Road 11 .--- Ground in center of track at county ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=brL1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT263&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgMEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">New Suits: Appetite for Disruption in the Legal World</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=brL1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT263&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgMEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:53px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=brL1DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=53" style="width:53px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X - Road is based on an interoperable ecosystem meaning that there is no single central database , but the X - Road connects all the decentralized compo- nents of the system through end - to - end encrypted pathways . 26 There is no sin ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yqpMYEfff_wC&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgLEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Senate documents</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=yqpMYEfff_wC&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgLEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:60px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=yqpMYEfff_wC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=78&w=60" style="width:60px;height:78px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">X Road 8. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing one - half mile east of McGirk Station , Mo. X Road 9. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing at McGirk Station , Mo. X Road 10. - Ground in center of track at ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=mso_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgFEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Annual Report of the Director</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=mso_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA283&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgFEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:58px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=mso_AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=58" style="width:58px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X Road 9. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing at McGirk Station , Mo. X Road 10. - Ground in center of track at county road crossing 2 miles west of McGirk Sta- tion , Mo. X Road 11. — Ground in center of track at county ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Z2XSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgEEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Big Data Computing</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Z2XSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgEEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:50px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=Z2XSBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=50" style="width:50px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X-Road (Kalja 2009) started to provide secure data transfer between governmental IS data sources and between individuals and governmental institutions. Nowadays, X-road platform is based on SOAP* standard for data transfer, its data ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Xd6HDE5wUIoC&pg=PA141&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgHEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Electronic Government and the Information Systems ...</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Xd6HDE5wUIoC&pg=PA141&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgHEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:52px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=Xd6HDE5wUIoC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=52" style="width:52px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X - Road services is minimal , covering only certifica- tion , monitoring , and logging . The paradigm of minimal centralization was taken to ensure ... X - Road eGovernment Data Exchange Layer 141 Pseudomymization Service for X-Road.</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cV35DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgIEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Electronic Participation: 12th IFIP WG 8.5 International ...</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cV35DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgIEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:52px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=cV35DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=52" style="width:52px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X - Road consists of security servers , which are software components . Each organization ( public agency or private company ) that wants to exchange messages over X - Road must become an X - Road member first , by application and ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div><div> <div> <div class="ezO2md"><div><div><a class="fuLhoc ZWRArf" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=etg9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6AF6BAgJEAE"><span class="CVA68e qXLe6d fuLhoc ZWRArf">Advances in Databases and Information Systems: 25th European ...</span> <span class="qXLe6d dXDvrc"> <span class="fYyStc">books.google.com.sg › books</span> </span> </a></div><div class="Dks9wf"><table class="KZhhub"><tr><td><div><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=etg9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9&dq=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQ6wF6BAgJEAI"><table class="gNEi4d"><tbody><tr><td style="width:52px"> <div class="CO79Sb"> <img class="iUhyd" alt='"X-Road" -wikipedia from books.google.com.sg' src="https://encrypted.google.com/books?id=etg9EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&h=80&w=52" style="width:52px;height:80px"/> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></a></div></td><td class="udTCfd"><div> <div> <span class="qXLe6d FrIlee"> <span class="fYyStc">... X-Road can be described best as a peer-to-peer data exchange system; X-Road teams together the following technological and organizational assets: – a PKI (public key infrastructure), – sophisticated software components for secure data ...</span> </span> </div> </div></td></tr></table></div></div></div> </div> </div></div><table class="uZgmoc"><tbody><td><a class="frGj1b" href="/search?q=%22X-Road%22+-wikipedia&sca_esv=d2c89b61858e419b&tbm=bks&ei=O-dIZ-LyA4C14-EPmcTMoQ0&start=10&sa=N">Next ></a></td></tbody></table><br/><div class="TuS8Ad" data-ved="0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQpyoIMQ"><style>.VYM29{font-weight:bold}</style><div class="HddGcc" align="center"><span class="VYM29">Singapore</span><span> - </span><span>From your IP address</span><span> - </span><a href="/url?q=https://support.google.com/websearch%3Fp%3Dws_settings_location%26hl%3Den-SG&opi=89978449&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQty4IMg&usg=AOvVaw0SG50BwkPO6Q1ODWXppxJh">Learn more</a></div><div align="center"><a class="rEM8G" href="/url?q=https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin%3Fcontinue%3Dhttps://www.google.com/search%253Ftbs%253Dbks:1%2526q%253D%252522X-Road%252522%252B-wikipedia%26hl%3Den&opi=89978449&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQxs8CCDM&usg=AOvVaw2SUtt_AT-ot_N21Ar8VoUP">Sign in</a></div><div><table class="bookcf"><tbody class="InWNIe"><tr><td><a class="rEM8G" href="https://www.google.com/preferences?hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwii_LPSgoCKAxWA2jgGHRkiM9QQv5YECDQ">Settings</a></td><td><a class="rEM8G" href="https://www.google.com/intl/en_sg/policies/privacy/">Privacy</a></td><td><a class="rEM8G" href="https://www.google.com/intl/en_sg/policies/terms/">Terms</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div> </div></body></html>