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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1776 Commission</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: #d69d36"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color: #002466;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_(3x4_close_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/113px-Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_2025_inaugural_portrait_%283x4_close_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1982" data-file-height="2641" /></a></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color: #002466;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Donald Trump</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Business and personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)"><i>The Apprentice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">filmography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of endorsements by Donald Trump">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football" title="Donald Trump and American football">American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump">Honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump" title="Public image of Donald Trump">Public image</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>SNL</i> parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes" title="Donald Trump and handshakes">handshakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump">pseudonyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_comments_on_John_McCain" title="Donald Trump's comments on John McCain">John McCain comments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump" title="Rhetoric of Donald Trump">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump" title="Security incidents involving Donald Trump">Security incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_dance" title="Trump dance">Trump dance</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">45th and 47th<br />President of the United States<br /><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#71531C">Incumbent</span></b></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>Presidencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li>Transitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">second</a></li></ul></li> <li>Inaugurations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">second</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential library</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Tenure</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a> <ul><li>executive orders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders in the first presidency of Donald Trump">first term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump">second term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">pardons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">'17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">'18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">'19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">'20–'21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2025)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2025)">'25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">North Korea summits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li>Shutdowns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">federal law enforcement deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">St. John's Church photo op</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_used_by_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Social media used by Donald Trump">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="False or misleading statements by Donald Trump">False or misleading statements</a></li> <li>Killings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Soleimani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy" title="Donald Trump–TikTok controversy">TikTok controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesebro_memos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesebro memos">Chesebro memos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Lawsuits</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter" title="Jeffrey Clark letter">Jeffrey Clark letter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act">tax cuts</a></li> <li>tariffs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Trump_tariffs" title="First Trump tariffs">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs" title="Second Trump tariffs">Second term</a></li></ul></li> <li>trade war <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico" title="2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico">Canada and Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">farmer bailouts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States and the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">First term overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the second Donald Trump administration">Second term overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Palestine peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal" title="United States–Taliban deal">United States–Taliban deal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Immigration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Immigration policy of the first Donald Trump administration">first term overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Immigration policy of the second Donald Trump administration">second term overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall" title="Mexico–United States border wall">wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_detentions_under_the_Trump_administration" title="Migrant detentions under the Trump administration">migrant detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">troop deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">national emergency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Social policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Step_Act" title="First Step Act">First Step Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump" title="American expansionism under Donald Trump">American expansionism under Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Appointments (<a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political appointments of the first Trump administration">first</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration" title="Political appointments of the second Trump administration">second</a>)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>Cabinets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second cabinet of Donald Trump">second</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ambassadors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_(2017%E2%80%932021)" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (2017–2021)">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_nominated_by_Donald_Trump_(2025%E2%80%932029)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ambassadors nominated by Donald Trump (2025–2029)">second</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federal judges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li>Executives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Executive Office appointments of the first Trump administration">first</a></li> <li>second</li></ul></li> <li>U.S. Attorneys <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">first</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">second</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political career of Donald Trump">Presidential campaigns</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident" title="2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident">Las Vegas incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li>endorsements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post%E2%80%932016_election_Donald_Trump_rallies#2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="List of post–2016 election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">GOP reactions to election fraud claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call" title="Trump–Raffensperger phone call">Trump–Raffensperger phone call</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump">eligibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li>assassination attempts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania">PA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks" title="Thomas Matthew Crooks">perpetrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs" title="Donald Trump raised-fist photographs">photographs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida" title="Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida">FL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Wesley_Routh" title="Ryan Wesley Routh">suspect</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Impeachments</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">Efforts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">First impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">House inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Senate trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">Second impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">Capitol attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Senate trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">Proposed expungements</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Civil and criminal prosecutions</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(election_obstruction_case)" title="Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)">2020 election federal indictment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_(classified_documents_case)" title="Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)">Classified documents federal indictment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation" title="Smith special counsel investigation">special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents" title="FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents">Plasmic Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago" title="FBI search of Mar-a-Lago">FBI search of Mar-a-Lago</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_(2022)" title="Trump v. United States (2022)">Trump v. United States</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York" title="Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York">New York felony conviction for falsifying business records</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization" title="New York investigations of the Trump Organization">New York investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia election indictment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation" title="2020 Georgia election investigation">Georgia election investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump" title="Mug shot of Donald Trump">mug shot</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">Taskforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)" title="Stimulus (economics)">stimulus bills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration">Interference with science agencies</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="skin-invert-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump's signature"><img alt="Donald Trump's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg/130px-Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg/195px-Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg/260px-Donald_Trump_%28Presidential_signature%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></span></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump_series" title="Template:Donald Trump series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump_series" title="Template talk:Donald Trump series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf/page1-220px-The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf/page1-330px-The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf/page1-440px-The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> of the 1776 Commission Report</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>1776 Commission</b>, also nicknamed the <b>1776 Project</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Federal_Advisory_Committee_Act" title="Federal Advisory Committee Act">advisory committee</a> established in September 2020 by then-U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> to support what he called "patriotic education".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission released <i>The 1776 Report</i> on January 18, 2021, two days before the end of Trump's term of office.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians overwhelmingly criticized the report, saying it was "filled with errors and partisan politics".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission was terminated by the successive President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on January 20, 2021, his first day in office.<sup id="cite_ref-Shear_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shear-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was re-established by Trump in January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commission was conceived partly as a response to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> <a href="/wiki/The_1619_Project" title="The 1619 Project">1619 Project</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which deals with <a href="/wiki/Systemic_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic racism">systemic racism</a> and explores American history through an African-American framework.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first publication from the 1619 Project was in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i> in August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-why_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-why-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trump first spoke of giving students a "patriotic education" on September 2, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and announced the new commission in a speech on September 17, 2020, in which he contended that a "twisted web of lies" regarding systemic racism was currently being taught in U.S. schools, calling it "a form of child abuse."<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He reiterated his intention to establish the commission in a proclamation on October 6, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various federal laws prohibit the federal government from directly regulating school curricula, which are determined by school districts under rules established by state governments. However, the federal government influences state and local decisions through funding.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment">Establishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/220px--President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="1535" data-mwtitle="President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/President_Trump_Delivers_Remarks_at_the_White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Trump's speech on September 17, 2020</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/220px--White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="5290" data-mwtitle="White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b4/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm/White_House_Conference_on_American_History.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>'White House Conference on American History' – video from September 17, 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>On November 2, the day before the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 elections</a>, Trump officially established the commission by <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Executive_Order_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Executive_Order-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump appointed the commission's members on December 18, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-Appoint_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appoint-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the commission held its first meeting on January 5, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the executive order, Trump established an 18-member group<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving a two-year term appointed by the president, which was to write a report on "core principles of the American founding and how these principles may be understood to further enjoyment of 'the blessings of liberty'".<sup id="cite_ref-Gaudiano1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaudiano1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goals">Goals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The commission's goal was to end what it calls the "radicalized view of American history" which has "vilified [the United States'] Founders and [its] founding".<sup id="cite_ref-Executive_Order_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Executive_Order-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the work of figures like <a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Howard Zinn</a> and groups like the 1619 Project, the 1776 Commission sought to increase "patriotic education" via a centralized (federal) approach to a <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effort is linked to Trump's wider attacks on <a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">critical race theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commission was also intended to promote these concepts at <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">national parks</a>, landmarks, and monuments among other federal properties, and federal agencies were instructed to provide grants and initiatives in a way that prioritized those supporting "the American Founding".<sup id="cite_ref-Gaudiano1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaudiano1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members">Members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 18-member commission was composed of conservative activists, politicians, and intellectuals, and included no professional experts in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump appointed the Commission's members on December 18, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Appoint_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appoint-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chair was <a href="/wiki/Larry_Arnn" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Arnn">Larry Arnn</a>, the president of conservative <a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a>, and the co-chair was <a href="/wiki/Carol_Swain" class="mw-redirect" title="Carol Swain">Carol Swain</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black conservative</a> and a former professor at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilt Law School">Vanderbilt Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other appointees included his former domestic policy advisor <a href="/wiki/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Kesler" title="Charles R. Kesler">Charles R. Kesler</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Graduate_University" title="Claremont Graduate University">Claremont Graduate University</a> professor and editor of the conservative journal <i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Ned_Ryun" title="Ned Ryun">Ned Ryun</a>, a Bush speechwriter; <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Charlie Kirk</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">Turning Point USA</a>; <a href="/wiki/Phil_Bryant" title="Phil Bryant">Phil Bryant</a>, Republican former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi" title="Governor of Mississippi">governor of Mississippi</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrowleyBlasts_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrowleyBlasts-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> classical historian <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Victor Davis Hanson</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Gibbs_(US_government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gibbs (US government official)">John Gibbs</a>, a former Trump appointee; <a href="/wiki/Scott_McNealy" title="Scott McNealy">Scott McNealy</a>, founder of online curriculum company Curikki; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kirsanow" title="Peter Kirsanow">Peter Kirsanow</a>, a black Civil Rights Commission member; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lindsay_(academic)" title="Thomas Lindsay (academic)">Thomas Lindsay</a>, a political science professor; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Farris_(lawyer)" title="Michael Farris (lawyer)">Michael Farris</a>, a lawyer and political science professor; and former Congressman <a href="/wiki/Bob_McEwen" title="Bob McEwen">Bob McEwen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Appoint_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appoint-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trump also selected then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> to serve on the committee.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1776_Report"><i>The 1776 Report</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 1776 Report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contents">Contents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_1776_Report" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The 1776 Report">The 1776 Report</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>The commission released the 41-page "The 1776 Report" on January 18, 2021, two days before the end of Trump's term and the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration of Joe Biden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CrowleyBlasts_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrowleyBlasts-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report does not include citations or footnotes, and does not identify its main authors.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About half the pages in the report were appendices.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other things, the document identifies "<a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressivism</a>" and "racism and <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>" as "challenges to America's principles" and likens them to "<a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">communism</a>," "<a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>," and "<a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">fascism</a>." It refers to the pro-slavery U.S. politician and former U.S. vice president <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> as "the leading forerunner of <a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a>" and criticizes some aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vazquez_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vazquez-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document also describes American universities as "often today [...] hotbeds of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-Americanism</a>, libel, and censorship" and criticizes <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist movements">feminist movements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vazquez_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vazquez-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It concludes with recommendations to promote positive stories and images of the country's founders at home, in schools, and in the arts, among other things.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historians condemned the report, saying it was "filled with errors and partisan politics",<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> factual inaccuracies, a lack of scholarship, and use of prior work without attribution.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Historical_Association" title="American Historical Association">American Historical Association</a> (AHA), in a statement cosigned by 33 other historical societies, stated that the report was completed "without any consultation with professional historians of the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 19, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_University_Presses" title="Association of University Presses">Association of University Presses</a> released a statement: "While we leave it to historians to offer a detailed rebuttal of the document's inaccuracies – if any should choose to do so – we note that it is plagued by procedural deficiencies that would render it unpublishable as a serious work of scholarship."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Grossman" title="James Grossman">James Grossman</a>, the executive director of the AHA, criticized Trump's push for so-called "patriotic education", writing that genuinely patriotic history is a rigorous effort to study the past honestly and acknowledge complexity, rather than "cheerleading", "nationalist propaganda", or "simplistic and inaccurate narrative of unique virtue and perpetual progress".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossman described the 1776 Commission's report as "a hack job" that was "not a work of history" but of "cynical politics".<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grossman said, "This report skillfully weaves together myths, distortions, deliberate silences, and both blatant and subtle misreading of evidence to create a narrative and an argument that few respectable professional historians, even across a wide interpretive spectrum, would consider plausible, never mind convincing."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Messer-Kruse" title="Timothy Messer-Kruse">Timothy Messer-Kruse</a> likened the content of the report to "every moldy trope of 1950s fifth-grade civics books" and wrote that it misrepresented the beliefs of founding father <a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a> as expressed in <a href="/wiki/Federalist_No._2" title="Federalist No. 2">Federalist No. 2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Eric_Rauchway" title="Eric Rauchway">Eric Rauchway</a> criticized the report for misreading <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/City_upon_a_Hill" title="City upon a Hill">City upon a Hill</a>" speech and for the report's claims regarding the civil rights movement. Historian Alexis Coe, a biographer of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, said the report was riddled with "errors, distortions, and outright lies" and mischaracterized <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington's involvement with slavery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kevin_M._Kruse" title="Kevin M. Kruse">Kevin M. Kruse</a> and other historians criticized the report for suggesting that <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> would have opposed <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a>, noting that King in fact endorsed affirmative action during his life.<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even historians who were critical of the 1619 Project, such as <a href="/wiki/Sean_Wilentz" title="Sean Wilentz">Sean Wilentz</a> of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, criticized the report of the 1776 Commission. Wilentz described the report as "the flip side of those <a href="/wiki/Polemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Polemics">polemics</a>" and "basically a political document" that "reduces history to hero worship".<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians also noted that portions of the report had been copied without attribution from earlier writings by its authors, including a 2008 <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lindsay_(academic)" title="Thomas Lindsay (academic)">Thomas Lindsay</a> published in <i><a href="/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a></i> and a 2002 <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a> essay and <a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">Intercollegiate Studies Institute</a> essay by Matthew Spalding, the commission's executive director.<sup id="cite_ref-Nguyen_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commentator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Scott_(journalist)" title="Eugene Scott (journalist)">Eugene Scott</a> criticized the commission's report for suggesting "that identity politics is something unique to those outside of the Trump administration"; Scott writes that Trump's rhetoric and <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> "has been rooted in identity politics": specifically, a prioritization of demographic groups that are "largely <a href="/wiki/Christian_persecution_complex" title="Christian persecution complex">White, Christian</a> and appealing to traditional gender norms".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing for <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>, Rebecca Onion described the report as "a screed forwarded by a <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox</a>-poisoned aunt, one that might best be politely ignored" and noted historian <a href="/wiki/Diana_Butler_Bass" title="Diana Butler Bass">Diana Butler Bass</a>'s fear that the report was "'a huge gift' to white evangelical Trump supporters, who have long taught this vision of history to children who are enrolled in Christian schools or home-schooled."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jeff Sharlet of <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)"><i>Vanity Fair</i></a> compared the report's section on identity politics to Norwegian terrorist <a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>'s justification for the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a> in his manifesto <i>2083: A European Declaration of Independence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commission members <a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Victor Davis Hanson</a> and Mike Gonzalez defended the report. Hanson argued that the report did not "whitewash the continuance of many injustices" in U.S. history and defended the report's declaration that "progressivism" was at odds with American values,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Gonzalez, a senior fellow of the Heritage Foundation, criticized media coverage of the report and argued that Biden's disbanding of the commission was an outcome of "the <a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">woke</a> left" waging a "war on U.S. history."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Termination">Termination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Termination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 20, 2021, hours after he was inaugurated as Trump's successor, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> issued an executive order dissolving the 1776 Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report was removed from the White House website,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a> archived the report, along with the entire Trump White House website.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, Matthew Spalding, the commission's executive director, announced the commission would resume its activities in a non-governmental capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2021, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Silverstein" title="Jake Silverstein">Jake Silverstein</a> noted in an article for <i>The New York Times</i> that state level anti-<a href="/wiki/Critical_race_theory" title="Critical race theory">critical race theory</a> laws that had passed following the 1776 Commission's end contained language and intent similar to the 1776 Commission's final report.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1776 Action, a <a href="/wiki/501(c)(4)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(4)">501(c)(4)</a> group headed by Republican operatives that was formed after the dissolution of the 1776 Commission, takes its name from the Commission. The group, led by former aides to <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>, promotes what it calls "patriotic education" and says that it aims to combat "anti-American indoctrination"; it proposes a Trump-inspired "1776 pledge" for officials and candidates. The group has promoted an anti-"critical race theory" bill that passed in New Hampshire, and endorsed candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Virginia_gubernatorial_election" title="2021 Virginia gubernatorial election">2021 Virginia gubernatorial election</a> and in school-board races in Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention#Platform" title="2024 Republican National Convention"> 2024 Republican Party Platform</a> promises to resurrect the 1776 Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1776_Unites" class="mw-redirect" title="1776 Unites">1776 Unites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_school_curricula_in_the_United_States" title="Censorship of school curricula in the United States">Censorship of school curricula in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Race_and_Ethnic_Disparities" title="Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities">Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Unalienable_Rights" title="Commission on Unalienable Rights">Commission on Unalienable Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/21/1776-project-desperate-search-enemies-identity-politics-unamerican/">The 1776 Project Is a Desperate Search for the Right Enemies</a> from <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/19/1776-report-attacks-concept-foundation-trump-presidency-identity-politics/">The 1776 Project report attacks a concept at the foundation of the Trump presidency: ‘Identity politics’</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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May 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=How+Trump+ignited+the+fight+over+critical+race+theory+in+schools&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnbcblk%2Fhow-trump-ignited-fight-over-critical-race-theory-schools-n1266701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrowleyBlasts-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrowleyBlasts_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrowleyBlasts_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crowley_(journalist)" title="Michael Crowley (journalist)">Crowley, Michael</a> (January 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/us/trump-1776-commission-report.html">"Trump's '1776 report' defends America's founding on the basis of slavery and blasts progressivism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+%271776+report%27+defends+America%27s+founding+on+the+basis+of+slavery+and+blasts+progressivism.&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F18%2Fus%2Ftrump-1776-commission-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaudiano" class="citation web cs1">Gaudiano, Nicole. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/1776-pledge-republicans-sign-ben-carson-newt-gingrich-patriotic-education-2022-1">"A group tied to Ben Carson and Newt Gingrich is ramping up pressure on Republicans to sign a Trump-inspired 1776 pledge"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=A+group+tied+to+Ben+Carson+and+Newt+Gingrich+is+ramping+up+pressure+on+Republicans+to+sign+a+Trump-inspired+1776+pledge&rft.aulast=Gaudiano&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2F1776-pledge-republicans-sign-ben-carson-newt-gingrich-patriotic-education-2022-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/trump-s-1776-commission-tried-rewrite-u-s-history-biden-ncna1255086">"Opinion | The fear at the heart of Trump's doomed "1776 Report"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. January 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+issues+racist+school+curriculum+report+on+MLK+day&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft.aulast=Vazquez&rft.aufirst=Maegan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F01%2F18%2Fpolitics%2F1776-commission-report-donald-trump%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf">"The 1776 Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120173527/https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=The+1776+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrumpwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2FThe-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nguyen-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2021" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Tina (January 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/19/trump-1776-report-plagiarism-460464">"A big chunk of Trump's 1776 report appears lifted from an author's prior work"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Despite King's vocal advocacy for affirmative action, the 1776 report bizarrely holds him up as the antithesis of those programs and "identity politics" writ large.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSNBC&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+response+to+reframing+Black+Americans%27+place+in+history+is+a+racist+mess&rft.date=2021-01-20&rft.aulast=Kruse&rft.aufirst=Kevin+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fopinion%2Ftrump-administration-s-thinly-veiled-rebuke-1619-project-sloppy-racist-n1254807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Scott_(journalist)" title="Eugene Scott (journalist)">Scott, Eugene</a> (January 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/19/1776-report-attacks-concept-foundation-trump-presidency-identity-politics/">"The 1776 Project report attacks a concept at the foundation of the Trump presidency: 'Identity politics'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+1776+Project+report+attacks+a+concept+at+the+foundation+of+the+Trump+presidency%3A+%27Identity+politics%27&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F01%2F19%2F1776-report-attacks-concept-foundation-trump-presidency-identity-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnion2021" class="citation web cs1">Onion, Rebecca (January 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/01/1776-report-trump-american-history.html">"Trump's "1776 Report" Would Be Funny If It Weren't So Dangerous"</a>. <i>Slate</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+%221776+Report%22+Would+Be+Funny+If+It+Weren%27t+So+Dangerous&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft.aulast=Onion&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2021%2F01%2F1776-report-trump-american-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharlet2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Sharlet, Jeff (January 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/01/the-1776-report-is-trumps-last-gasp-of-state-sponsored-hate">"The "1776 Report" Is Trump's Last Gasp of State-Sponsored Hate"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=The+%221776+Report%22+Is+Trump%27s+Last+Gasp+of+State-Sponsored+Hate&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft.aulast=Sharlet&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F01%2Fthe-1776-report-is-trumps-last-gasp-of-state-sponsored-hate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor_Davis_Hanson2021" class="citation web cs1">Victor Davis Hanson (January 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribunecontentagency.com/article/victor-davis-hanson-thoughts-on-the-1776-commission-and-its-report/">"Thoughts on the 1776 Commission and its report"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hillsdale+College&rft.atitle=Meeting+of+The+1776+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hillsdale.edu%2Fnews-and-media%2Fpress-releases%2Fmeeting-of-the-1776-commission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverstein2021" class="citation news cs1">Silverstein, Jake (November 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/09/magazine/1619-project-us-history.html">"The 1619 Project and the Long Battle Over U.S. History"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+1619+Project+and+the+Long+Battle+Over+U.S.+History&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F09%2Fmagazine%2F1619-project-us-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaudiano" class="citation web cs1">Gaudiano, Nicole. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/1776-pledge-republicans-sign-ben-carson-newt-gingrich-patriotic-education-2022-1">"A group tied to Ben Carson and Newt Gingrich is ramping up pressure on Republicans to sign a Trump-inspired 1776 pledge"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=A+group+tied+to+Ben+Carson+and+Newt+Gingrich+is+ramping+up+pressure+on+Republicans+to+sign+a+Trump-inspired+1776+pledge&rft.aulast=Gaudiano&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2F1776-pledge-republicans-sign-ben-carson-newt-gingrich-patriotic-education-2022-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeBlanc" class="citation web cs1">LeBlanc, Sarah Kay. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/education/2021/11/23/johnston-iowa-students-protest-1776-pledge-board-meeting-march-merle-hay-road-education/8730684002/">"Johnston students, parents protest 'patriotic' pledge signed by district's newest school board members"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Johnston+students%2C+parents+protest+%27patriotic%27+pledge+signed+by+district%27s+newest+school+board+members&rft.aulast=LeBlanc&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Feducation%2F2021%2F11%2F23%2Fjohnston-iowa-students-protest-1776-pledge-board-meeting-march-merle-hay-road-education%2F8730684002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColtrain" class="citation web cs1">Coltrain, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2021/11/24/what-1776-pledge-iowa-johnston-school-board-conservative-group-trump/8748367002/">"What is the '1776 Pledge' that riled up Iowa's Johnston School District?"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=What+is+the+%271776+Pledge%27+that+riled+up+Iowa%27s+Johnston+School+District%3F&rft.aulast=Coltrain&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fwhat-1776-pledge-iowa-johnston-school-board-conservative-group-trump%2F8748367002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/2024-republican-party-platform">"2024 Republican Party Platform"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Presidency_Project" title="The American Presidency Project">The American Presidency Project</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB)</a>. 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240711013339/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/2024-republican-party-platform">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Republicans will reinstate the 1776 Commission...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.atitle=2024+Republican+Party+Platform&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2F2024-republican-party-platform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTait2021" class="citation web cs1">Tait, Joshua (January 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebulwark.com/the-origins-of-trumps-slapdash-last-second-1776-report/">"The Origins of Trump's Slapdash, Last-Second '1776 Report'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Bulwark</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bulwark&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Trump%27s+Slapdash%2C+Last-Second+%271776+Report%27&rft.date=2021-01-22&rft.aulast=Tait&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebulwark.com%2Fthe-origins-of-trumps-slapdash-last-second-1776-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstlerJacoby2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ostler, Jeffrey; Jacoby, Karl (2021). "After 1776: Native Nations, Settler Colonialism, and the Meaning of America". <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>24</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">321–</span>336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2021.1968143">10.1080/14623528.2021.1968143</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239698995">239698995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=After+1776%3A+Native+Nations%2C+Settler+Colonialism%2C+and+the+Meaning+of+America&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E321-%3C%2Fspan%3E336&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2021.1968143&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239698995%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ostler&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.au=Jacoby%2C+Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1776+Commission" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1776_Commission&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-Presidents-Advisory-1776-Commission-Final-Report.pdf">The 1776 Report</a> in the National Archives</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Government shutdowns</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders in the first presidency of Donald Trump">executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration">Political interference with science agencies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Impeachments</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump_during_his_first_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump during his first presidency">efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Namaste_Trump" title="Namaste Trump">Namaste Trump</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Fake electors plot</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chesebro_memos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesebro memos">Chesebro memos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Lawsuits</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter" title="Jeffrey Clark letter">Jeffrey Clark letter</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Donald_Trump%27s_first_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of Donald Trump's first presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act">tax cuts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Trump_tariffs" title="First Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States and the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Foreign policy</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Immigration policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Immigration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Social policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Social issues</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration" title="Political appointments of the first Trump administration">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">formation</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_(2017%E2%80%932021)" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (2017–2021)">Ambassadors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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