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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Har Khorana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 71 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار غوبند خورانا — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هار غوبند خورانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار جوبند خورانا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هار جوبند خورانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хар Гобінд Карана — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хар Гобінд Карана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="হর গোবিন্দ খোরানা — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হর গোবিন্দ খোরানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ھار گۆبید خورانا — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھار گۆبید خورانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Χαρ Γκομπίντ Χοράνα — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαρ Γκομπίντ Χοράνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B._%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6_%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="ડો. હરગોવિંદ ખુરાના — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડો. હરગોવિંદ ખુરાના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הר גובינד קוראנה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הר גובינד קוראנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8A" title="ハー・ゴビンド・コラナ — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハー・ゴビンド・コラナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰარ გობინდ ხორანა — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰარ გობინდ ხორანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хар Гобинд Корана — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хар Гобинд Корана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಹರಗೋಬಿಂದ ಖುರಾನ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹರಗೋಬಿಂದ ಖುರಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B3%A0%EB%B9%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%BD%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98" title="하르 고빈드 코라나 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하르 고빈드 코라나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hars_Gobinds_Korana" title="Hars Gobinds Korana — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hars Gobinds Korana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഹർ ഗോവിന്ദ്‌ ഖുരാന — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹർ ഗോവിന്ദ്‌ ഖുരാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविंद खुराणा — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरगोविंद खुराणा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هار گوبیند کورانا — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هار گوبیند کورانا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ହରଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ଖୁରାନା — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହରଗୋବିନ୍ଦ ଖୁରାନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਖੁਰਾਣਾ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਖੁਰਾਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہر گوبند کھُرانا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہر گوبند کھُرانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Корана, Хар Гобинд — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корана, Хар Гобинд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हरगोविन्द खुराना — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हरगोविन्द खुराना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="هرب گوبند ڳورانا — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="هرب گوبند ڳورانا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Korana" title="Har Gobind Korana — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Har Gobind Korana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%81" title="ہرگوبند کھراݨہ — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہرگوبند کھراݨہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Korana" title="Har Gobind Korana — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Har Gobind Korana" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Khorana" title="Har Khorana — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Har Khorana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="ஹர் கோவிந்த் கொரானா — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹர் கோவிந்த் கொரானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="హరగోవింద్ ఖొరానా — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హరగోవింద్ ఖొరానా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гар Гобінд Корана — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гар Гобінд Корана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ہر گوبند کھرانا — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہر گوبند کھرانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E5%AE%BE%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3" title="哈尔·葛宾·科拉纳 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈尔·葛宾·科拉纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ჰარ გობინდ კორანა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰარ გობინდ კორანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Har Gobind Khorana" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D" title="哈爾·葛賓·科拉納 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈爾·葛賓·科拉納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:transparent; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">Har Khorana</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Har Khorana"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg/200px-Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg/300px-Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Har_Gobind_Khorana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Har Khorana</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/9_de_janeiro#Nascimentos" title="9 de janeiro">9 de janeiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Panjabe" title="Panjabe">Punjab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/9_de_novembro" title="9 de novembro">9 de novembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> (89 anos)<br /><a href="/wiki/Concord_(Massachusetts)" title="Concord (Massachusetts)">Concord (Massachusetts)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Residência </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Liverpool" title="Universidade de Liverpool">Universidade de Liverpool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doutorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Doutorado">Ph.D.</a>)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universidade_do_Punjab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universidade do Punjab (página não existe)">Universidade do Punjab</a> (B.S.) (M.S.)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Prêmios </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Remsen" title="Prêmio Remsen">Prêmio Remsen</a> (1968)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Albert_Lasker_de_Pesquisa_M%C3%A9dica_B%C3%A1sica" title="Prêmio Albert Lasker de Pesquisa Médica Básica">Prêmio Albert Lasker de Pesquisa Médica Básica</a> (1968)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz">Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz</a> (1968)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina</a> (1968)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciências</a> (1987)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnologia_de_Massachusetts" title="Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts">Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts</a> (1970 - )</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_do_Wisconsin-Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade do Wisconsin-Madison">Universidade do Wisconsin-Madison</a> (1960-70)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Col%C3%BAmbia_Brit%C3%A2nica" title="Universidade da Colúmbia Britânica">Universidade da Colúmbia Britânica</a> (1952-60)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Cambridge" title="Universidade de Cambridge">Universidade de Cambridge</a> (1950-52)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Federal_de_Tecnologia_de_Zurique" title="Instituto Federal de Tecnologia de Zurique">Instituto Federal de Tecnologia de Zurique</a> (1948-49)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Biologia_molecular" title="Biologia molecular">biologia molecular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Notas </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Membro da <a href="/wiki/Pontif%C3%ADcia_Academia_das_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Pontifícia Academia das Ciências">Pontifícia Academia das Ciências</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Har Gobind Khorana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Panjabe" title="Panjabe">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_de_Janeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="9 de Janeiro">9 de Janeiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> — <a href="/wiki/Concord_(Massachusetts)" title="Concord (Massachusetts)">Concord (Massachusetts)</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_de_novembro" title="9 de novembro">9 de novembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>) foi um <a href="/wiki/Biologia_molecular" title="Biologia molecular">biologista molecular</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">indiano</a>, de ascendência punjabi. </p><p>Foi agraciado com o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina</a> de 1968, em conjunto com <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley">Robert Holley</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberg</a>, pelo seu trabalho na interpretação do <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_gen%C3%A9tico" title="Código genético">código genético</a> e sua função na <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADntese_proteica" title="Síntese proteica">síntese proteica</a>. </p><p>Naturalizado cidadão dos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> em 1966, tendo vivido em <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> trabalhando na Faculdade de Química do <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnologia_de_Massachusetts" title="Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts">Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts</a>, e recebeu a Medalha Nacional de Ciência em 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khorana nasceu de Krishna Devi Khorana e Ganpat Rai Khorana, em Raipur, uma vila em Multan, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia_brit%C3%A2nica" title="Índia britânica">Índia Britânica</a> (agora no atual <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão">Paquistão</a>) em uma família hindu Punjabi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> A data exata de seu nascimento não é certa, mas ele acreditava que poderia ter sido 9 de janeiro de 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khorana viveu na Índia britânica até 1945, quando se mudou para a <a href="/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> para estudar química orgânica na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Liverpool" title="Universidade de Liverpool">Universidade de Liverpool</a> com uma bolsa do governo da Índia.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ele se mudou para <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, com sua família em 1952 depois de aceitar um cargo no British Columbia Research Council na University of British Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>Em 1960, Khorana aceitou o cargo de codiretor do Institute for Enzyme Research no Institute for Enzyme Research da <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a> em Madison.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Ele se tornou um professor de bioquímica em 1962 e foi nomeado Conrad A. Elvehjem Professor de Ciências da Vida em Wisconsin-Madison.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Enquanto estava em Wisconsin, "ele ajudou a decifrar os mecanismos pelos quais o RNA codifica para a síntese de proteínas" e "começou a trabalhar na síntese de genes funcionais", de acordo com a <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante sua gestão nesta universidade, ele completou o trabalho que o levou a compartilhar o prêmio Nobel. O site do Nobel afirma que foi "por sua interpretação do código genético e sua função na síntese de proteínas". O papel de Har Gobind Khorana é declarado da seguinte forma: ele "fez contribuições importantes para este campo ao construir diferentes cadeias de RNA com a ajuda de enzimas. Usando essas enzimas, ele foi capaz de produzir proteínas. As sequências de aminoácidos dessas proteínas resolveram o resto do quebra-cabeça".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ele se tornou um cidadão americano em 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Har Gobind Khorana casou-se com Esther Elizabeth Sibler em 1952. Eles se conheceram na <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a" title="Suíça">Suíça</a> e tiveram três filhos, Julia Elizabeth, Emily Anne e Dave Roy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pesquisa">Pesquisa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Pesquisa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisa"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O ácido ribonucleico (RNA) com duas unidades de repetição (UCUCUCU → UCU CUC UCU) produziu dois aminoácidos alternado. Isso, combinado com o experimento de Nirenberg e Leder, mostrou que a UCU codifica geneticamente para <a href="/wiki/Serina" title="Serina">serina</a> e CUC para <a href="/wiki/Leucina" title="Leucina">leucina</a>. Os RNAs com três unidades de repetição (UACUACUA → UAC UAC UAC ou ACU ACU ACU ou CUA CUA CUA) produziram três cadeias diferentes de <a href="/wiki/Amino%C3%A1cido" title="Aminoácido">aminoácidos</a>. Os RNAs com quatro unidades de repetição, incluindo UAG, UAA ou UGA, produziram apenas dipeptídeos e <a href="/wiki/Tripept%C3%ADdeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripeptídeo">tripeptídeos</a>, revelando assim que UAG, UAA e UGA são <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3don_de_termina%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Códon de terminação">códons de terminação</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A palestra do Nobel foi entregue em 12 de dezembro de 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Khorana foi o primeiro cientista a sintetizar <a href="/wiki/Oligonucleot%C3%ADdeo" title="Oligonucleotídeo">oligonucleotídeos</a> quimicamente.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Essa conquista, na década de 1970, também foi o primeiro gene sintético do mundo; nos últimos anos, o processo se generalizou.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Cientistas subsequentes se referiram a sua pesquisa enquanto avançavam na edição do genoma com o sistema <a href="/wiki/CRISPR/Cas" title="CRISPR/Cas">CRISPR/Cas9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesquisa_subsequente">Pesquisa subsequente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Pesquisa subsequente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisa subsequente"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ele estendeu a pesquisa para <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADmero" title="Polímero">polímeros</a> de DNA longos usando química não aquosa e os montou no primeiro gene sintético, usando enzimas <a href="/wiki/Polimerase" title="Polimerase">polimerase</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">ligase</a> que ligam pedaços de DNA juntos,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> bem como métodos que anteciparam a invenção da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Essas peças personalizadas de genes artificiais são amplamente utilizadas em laboratórios de biologia para sequenciamento, clonagem e engenharia de novas plantas e animais, e são essenciais para o uso crescente da análise de <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> para entender doenças humanas baseadas em genes, bem como a evolução humana. A(s) invenção(ões) de Khorana se tornaram automatizadas e comercializadas para que qualquer um agora possa solicitar um oligonucleotídeo <a href="/wiki/Sint%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintético">sintético</a> ou um gene de qualquer uma de várias empresas. Basta enviar a sequência genética a uma das empresas para receber um oligonucleotídeo com a sequência desejada. </p><p>Depois de meados da década de 1970, seu laboratório estudou a <a href="/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmica" title="Bioquímica">bioquímica</a> da bacteriorodopsina, uma proteína de membrana que converte a energia da luz em energia química criando um gradiente de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> Mais tarde, o laboratório passou a estudar o pigmento visual estruturalmente relacionados conhecidos como rodopsina.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Um resumo de seu trabalho foi fornecido por um ex-colega da Universidade de Wisconsin: "Khorana foi um dos primeiros praticantes, e talvez um dos fundadores, do campo da biologia química. Ele trouxe o poder da síntese química para decifrar a genética código, contando com diferentes combinações de trinucleotídeos".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morte">Morte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Morte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Morte"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Har Gobind Khorana morreu em 9 de novembro de 2011, em <a href="/wiki/Concord_(Massachusetts)" title="Concord (Massachusetts)">Concord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, aos 89 anos. Sua esposa, Esther, e sua filha, Emily Anne, morreram antes,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> mas Khorana deixou seus outros dois filhos.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Julia Elizabeth escreveu mais tarde sobre o trabalho de seu pai como professor: "Mesmo enquanto fazia todas essas pesquisas, ele sempre se interessou muito pela educação, pelos alunos e pelos jovens".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2011/obit-khorana-1110.html">«Gobind Khorana, MIT professor emeritus, dies at 89»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AHar+Khorana&rft.btitle=Gobind+Khorana%2C+MIT+professor+emeritus%2C+dies+at+89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fnewsoffice%2F2011%2Fobit-khorana-1110.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2018/01/09/google-doodle-honors-dna-researcher-har-gobind-khorana/1016000001/">"Google Doodle honors DNA researcher Har Gobind Khorana"</a>. usatoday.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhao, Xiaojian; Ph.D, Edward J. W. Park (26 November 2013). <i>Asian Americans: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&q=early+life+har+gobind+khorana&pg=PA653">An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History</a></i>. ABC-CLIO. ISBN <bdi>9781598842401</bdi>. Retrieved 9 January 2018 – via Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/har-gobind-khorana-google-honours-today-180108134719847.html">"Har Gobind Khorana: Why Google honours him today". Al Jazeera</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ainsworth, Susan J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i47/Har-Gobind-Khorana-Dies-89.html">"Har Gobind Khorana Dies At 89 – November 21, 2011 Issue – Vol. 89 Issue 47 – Chemical & Engineering News"</a>. <i>cen.acs.org</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">RajBhandary, Uttam L. (14 December 2011). "Har Gobind Khorana (1922–2011)". <i>Nature</i>. <b>480</b> (7377): 322. Bibcode:2011Natur.480..322R. doi:10.1038/480322a. PMID 22170673.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.wisc.edu/biochemist-har-gobind-khorana-whose-uw-work-earned-the-nobel-prize-dies/">"Biochemist Har Gobind Khorana, whose UW work earned the Nobel Prize, dies"</a>. <i>news.wisc.edu</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kresge, Nicole; Simoni, Robert D.; Hill, Robert L. (29 May 2009). "Total Synthesis of a Tyrosine Suppressor tRNA: the Work of H. Gobind Khorana". <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>284</b> (22): e5. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 2685647.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-facts.html">"H. Gobind Khorana – Facts"</a>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/9/16862980/google-doodle-har-gobind-khorana-genetics-dna">"Har Gobind Khorana deciphered DNA and wrote the dictionary for our genetic language"</a>. <i>vox.com</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-lecture.html">"HG Khorana Nobel Lecture".</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Khorana, H. G. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/104342/1/12045_2012_Article_134.pdf">"Total synthesis of a gene"</a> (PDF). <i>Science</i>. <b>203</b> (4381): 614–625. Bibcode:1979Sci...203..614K. doi:10.1126/science.366749. PMID 366749.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://time.com/5094695/google-doodle-har-gobind-khorana/">"Who Is Har Gobind Khorana? Why Google Is Celebrating the Nobel Prize-Winner"</a>. <i>Time</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kleppe, K.; Ohtsuka, E.; Kleppe, R.; Molineux, I.; Khorana, H. G. (1971). "Studies on polynucleotides *1, *2XCVI. Repair replication of short synthetic DNA's as catalyzed by DNA polymerases". <i>Journal of Molecular Biology</i>. <b>56</b> (2): 341–361. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(71)90469-4. PMID 4927950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wildenauer, D.; Khorana, H. G. (1977). "The preparation of lipid-depleted bacteriorhodopsin". <i>Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes</i>. <b>466</b> (2): 315–324. doi:10.1016/0005-2736(77)90227-9. PMID 857886.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahuja, S.; Crocker, E.; Eilers, M.; Hornak, V.; Hirshfeld, A.; Ziliox, M.; Syrett, N.; Reeves, P. J.; Khorana, H. G.; Sheves, M.; Smith, S. O. (2009). "Location of the Retinal Chromophore in the Activated State of Rhodopsin*". <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>284</b> (15): 10190–10201. doi:10.1074/jbc.M805725200. PMC 2665073. PMID 19176531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kumar, Chandan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/khorana-bio.html">"H. Gobind Khorana – Biographical"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/8892230/H-Gobind-Khorana.html">"H Gobind Khorana".</a> <i>The Telegraph</i>. 15 November 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mit.edu/2011/obit-khorana-1110">"Gobind Khorana, MIT professor emeritus, dies at 89"</a>. <i>mit.edu</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Fisiologia/Medicina 1968»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AHar+Khorana&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+Fisiologia%2FMedicina+1968&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F1968%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline">Haldan Hartline</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina</a></span></b><br />1968<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley">Robert Holley</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina_(1951–1975)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina_(1951_%E2%80%94_1975)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina (1951 — 1975)"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina_(1951_%E2%80%94_1975)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina (1951 — 1975) (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina_(1951_%E2%80%94_1975)&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina_(1951–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina (1951–1975)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040861">.mw-parser-output .sep-list{font-weight:bold}</style><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Max Theiler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Selman Waksman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs" title="Hans Krebs">Hans Krebs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Lipmann</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Thomas Weller</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Frederick Robbins</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Axel_Hugo_Theodor_Theorell" title="Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Cournand" title="André Cournand">André Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Werner Forßmann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Richards" title="Dickinson Richards">Dickinson Richards</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Daniel Bovet</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tatum" title="Edward Tatum">Edward Tatum</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Burnet" title="Frank Burnet">Frank Burnet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brian_Medawar" title="Peter Brian Medawar">Peter Brian Medawar</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Georg von Békésy</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">John Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">François Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">André Lwoff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Jacques Monod</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Francis Rous</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Huggins" title="Charles Huggins">Charles Huggins</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Hartline" title="Haldan Hartline">Haldan Hartline</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">George Wald</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Holley" title="Robert Holley">Robert Holley</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Har Khorana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Alfred Hershey</a> e <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Svante_von_Euler" title="Ulf Svante von Euler">Ulf Svante von Euler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Julius Axelrod</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Earl Sutherland Jr.</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Porter" title="Rodney Porter">Rodney Porter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Palade" title="George Palade">George Palade</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> e <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Temin</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <hr /> <p><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina">Lista completa</a> | <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina/1901-1925" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina/1901-1925">(1901-1925)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina/1926-1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina/1926-1950">(1926-1950)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina/1951-1975" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina/1951-1975">(1951-1975)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina/1976-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina/1976-2000">(1976-2000)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Fisiologia_ou_Medicina/2001-2025" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina/2001-2025">(2001-2025)</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prêmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz_(1967_—_2010)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Predefinição:Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Pr%C3%AAmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prêmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz_(1967_—_2010)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz">Prêmio Louisa Gross Horwitz (1967 — 2010)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1968: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Har Khorana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a> e <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Palade" title="George Palade">George Palade</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Porter (página não existe)">Keith Porter</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Kuffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Kuffler (página não existe)">Stephen Kuffler</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Puck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Puck (página não existe)">Theodore Puck</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Ephrussi" title="Boris Ephrussi">Boris Ephrussi</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Bengt Samuelsson</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Yanofsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Yanofsky (página não existe)">Charles Yanofsky</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvin_Kabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvin Kabat (página não existe)">Elvin Kabat</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Kunkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Kunkel (página não existe)">Henry Kunkel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">David Hubel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle (página não existe)">Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Joseph Goldstein</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_D._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald D. Brown (página não existe)">Donald D. Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ptashne" title="Mark Ptashne">Mark Ptashne</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> e <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Alfred Gilman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Krebs" title="Edwin Krebs">Edwin Krebs</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Harrison (página não existe)">Stephen Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rossmann" title="Michael Rossmann">Michael Rossmann</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Craig_Wiley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Craig Wiley (página não existe)">Don Craig Wiley</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Ernst" title="Richard Robert Ernst">Richard Robert Ernst</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis" title="Edward Lewis">Edward Lewis</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Marthe_Le_Douarin" title="Nicole Marthe Le Douarin">Nicole Marthe Le Douarin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Metcalf" title="Donald Metcalf">Donald Metcalf</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Kappler" title="John Kappler">John Kappler</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Leland_Hartwell" title="Leland Hartwell">Leland Hartwell</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clay_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clay Armstrong (página não existe)">Clay Armstrong</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertil_Hille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertil Hille (página não existe)">Bertil Hille</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_J._Levine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold J. Levine (página não existe)">Arnold J. Levine</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein" title="Bert Vogelstein">Bert Vogelstein</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Chambon" title="Pierre Chambon">Pierre Chambon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Roeder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Roeder (página não existe)">Robert Roeder</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Tjian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Tjian (página não existe)">Robert Tjian</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Horvitz" title="Robert Horvitz">Robert Horvitz</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Korsmeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Korsmeyer (página não existe)">Stanley Korsmeyer</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky" title="Alexander Varshavsky">Alexander Varshavsky</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">James Rothman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Randy Schekman</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Hunter (página não existe)">Tony Hunter</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Pawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Pawson (página não existe)">Tony Pawson</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Roger Kornberg</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_G._Gall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph G. Gall (página não existe)">Joseph G. Gall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Carol Greider</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Franz-Ulrich Hartl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Horwich" title="Arthur Horwich">Arthur Horwich</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_J._Kelly_(bioqu%C3%ADmico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas J. Kelly (bioquímico) (página não existe)">Thomas J. Kelly</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Stillman" title="Bruce Stillman">Bruce Stillman</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Nacional_de_Ciências" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Predefinição:Medalha Nacional de Ciências"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Nacional de Ciências (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Nacional_de_Ciências" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciências</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciência_do_Comportamento_e_Social" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciência do Comportamento e Social</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neal_Elgar_Miller" title="Neal Elgar Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Joseph_Stigler" title="George Joseph Stigler">George Joseph Stigler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller">George A. Miller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merton" title="Robert Merton">Robert Merton</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger Shepard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Estes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Estes (página não existe)">William Estes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Bower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Bower (página não existe)">Gordon Bower</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner" title="Michael Posner">Michael Posner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009</i>: <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod" title="Robert Axelrod">Robert Axelrod</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Biológicas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Biológicas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Bernardus_van_Niel" title="Cornelis Bernardus van Niel">Cornelis Bernardus van Niel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Francis Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald Van Slyke</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fred_Knipling" title="Edward Fred Knipling">Edward Fred Knipling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William Cumming Rose</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Cole (página não existe)">Kenneth Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred Sturtevant</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie" title="Bernard Brodie">Bernard Brodie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev Bronk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Laurence Lush</a> e <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H%C3%BCbner" title="Robert Hübner">Robert Hübner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert Sabin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Arnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Arnon (página não existe)">Daniel Arnon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Earl_Sutherland" title="Earl Sutherland">Earl Sutherland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Neel" title="James Neel">James Neel</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hannon (página não existe)">James Hannon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallowell_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallowell Davis (página não existe)">Hallowell Davis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gyorgy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Gyorgy (página não existe)">Paul Gyorgy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_Hendricks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling Hendricks (página não existe)">Sterling Hendricks</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orville_Vogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orville Vogel (página não existe)">Orville Vogel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Osborne_Wilson" title="Edward Osborne Wilson">Edward Osborne Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Stadtman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Stadtman (página não existe)">Earl Stadtman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Ledyard_Stebbins" title="George Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Weiss (página não existe)">Paul Weiss</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1981:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Burton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Burton (página não existe)">Glenn Burton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Bachrach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Bachrach (página não existe)">Howard Bachrach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Lee_Roelofs" title="Wendell Lee Roelofs">Wendell Lee Roelofs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon Mountcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Palade" title="George Palade">George Palade</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_DeBakey" title="Michael DeBakey">Michael DeBakey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Otto_Diener" title="Theodor Otto Diener">Theodor Otto Diener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Har Khorana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Joseph Goldstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harland_Goff_Wood" title="Harland Goff Wood">Harland Goff Wood</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Koshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Koshland">Daniel Koshland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis" title="Edward Lewis">Edward Lewis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Nathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Nathan (página não existe)">David Nathan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Edward Donnall Thomas</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="George Evelyn Hutchinson">George Evelyn Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvin_Kabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvin Kabat (página não existe)">Elvin Kabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert Kates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Marks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Marks (página não existe)">Paul Marks</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folke_Skoog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folke Skoog (página não existe)">Folke Skoog</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Zamecnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Zamecnik (página não existe)">Paul Zamecnik</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> e <a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Neufeld" title="Elizabeth Neufeld">Elizabeth Neufeld</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Allan_Weinberg" title="Robert Allan Weinberg">Robert Allan Weinberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a> e <a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Coover_Andreasen" title="Nancy Coover Andreasen">Nancy Coover Andreasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_Ayala" title="Francisco José Ayala">Francisco José Ayala</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bass">George Bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene Likens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a> e <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">John Michael Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Halbert_Snyder" title="Solomon Halbert Snyder">Solomon Halbert Snyder</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Yanofsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Yanofsky (página não existe)">Charles Yanofsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> e <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rita_Colwell" title="Rita Colwell">Rita Colwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubert_Stryer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubert Stryer (página não existe)">Lubert Stryer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bert_William_O%E2%80%99Malley" title="Bert William O’Malley">Bert William O’Malley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">Craig Venter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Lindquist" title="Susan Lindquist">Susan Lindquist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lawrence_Brinster" title="Ralph Lawrence Brinster">Ralph Lawrence Brinster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2013:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakesh Jain (página não existe)">Rakesh Jain</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Levin (página não existe)">Simon Levin</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Química" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Química</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Albert_Cotton" title="Frank Albert Cotton">Frank Albert Cotton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Claude_Pimentel" title="George Claude Pimentel">George Claude Pimentel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zare" title="Richard Zare">Richard Zare</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Barkus_Gray" title="Harry Barkus Gray">Harry Barkus Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Yuan Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Shipp_Marvel" title="Carl Shipp Marvel">Carl Shipp Marvel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Westheimer" title="Frank Westheimer">Frank Westheimer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William Summer Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hugo_Stockmayer" title="Walter Hugo Stockmayer">Walter Hugo Stockmayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Oliver_Baker" title="William Oliver Baker">William Oliver Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard Barry Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Rudolph Arthur Marcus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harden_McConnell" title="Harden McConnell">Harden McConnell</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl August Folkers</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Dombrowski_Roberts" title="John Dombrowski Roberts">John Dombrowski Roberts</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Gertrude Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Dudley Robert Herschbach</a> e <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Glenn Theodore Seaborg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons" title="Howard Ensign Simmons">Howard Ensign Simmons</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald James Cram</a> e <a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Simms_Hammond" title="George Simms Hammond">George Simms Hammond</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Karle" title="Isabella Karle">Isabella Karle</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson" title="Norman Davidson">Norman Davidson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Darleane_Hoffman" title="Darleane Hoffman">Darleane Hoffman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Werner_Cahn" title="John Werner Cahn">John Werner Cahn</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Whitesides" title="George Whitesides">George Whitesides</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Alan_Rice" title="Stuart Alan Rice">Stuart Alan Rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ross" title="John Ross">John Ross</a> e <a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Baldeschwieler" title="John Baldeschwieler">John Baldeschwieler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hirschmann" title="Ralph Hirschmann">Ralph Hirschmann</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Roy_Davidson" title="Ernest Roy Davidson">Ernest Roy Davidson</a> e <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Somorjai" title="Gábor Somorjai">Gábor Somorjai</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Brauman" title="John Brauman">John Brauman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lippard" title="Stephen Lippard">Stephen Lippard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Harry_Caruthers" title="Marvin Harry Caruthers">Marvin Harry Caruthers</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter Dervan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa El-Sayed</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a> e <a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_James_Benkovic" title="Stephen James Benkovic">Stephen James Benkovic</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Barton" title="Jacqueline Barton">Jacqueline Barton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Stang" title="Peter John Stang">Peter John Stang</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allen_Joseph_Bard" title="Allen Joseph Bard">Allen Joseph Bard</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hawthorne" title="Frederick Hawthorne">Frederick Hawthorne</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Klinman" title="Judith Klinman">Judith Klinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2013:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Richmond" title="Geraldine Richmond">Geraldine Richmond</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_da_Engenharia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências da Engenharia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1962:</i> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Stark Draper</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer_Dryden" title="Hugh Latimer Dryden">Hugh Latimer Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Johnson" title="Clarence Johnson">Clarence Johnson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Warren_Lewis" title="Warren Lewis">Warren Lewis</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Land" title="Edwin Land">Edwin Land</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Presper_Eckert" title="John Presper Eckert">John Presper Eckert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Mueller" title="George Mueller">George Mueller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Eugene_Edgerton" title="Harold Eugene Edgerton">Harold Eugene Edgerton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Whitcomb" title="Richard Whitcomb">Richard Whitcomb</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick Terman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen" title="Morris Cohen">Morris Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Carl_Goldmark" title="Peter Carl Goldmark">Peter Carl Goldmark</a> e <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Leith" title="Emmett Leith">Emmett Leith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Mindlin" title="Raymond Mindlin">Raymond Mindlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Randall_Parker" title="Earl Randall Parker">Earl Randall Parker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heinemann" title="Edward Heinemann">Edward Heinemann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Katz" title="Donald Katz">Donald Katz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_George_Trump" title="John George Trump">John George Trump</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Oliver" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Oliver">Bernard Oliver</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Bolton_Seed" title="Harry Bolton Seed">Harry Bolton Seed</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber" title="Ernst Weber">Ernst Weber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Drucker" title="Daniel Drucker">Daniel Drucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willis_Hawkins" title="Willis Hawkins">Willis Hawkins</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Earl_Grier" title="Herbert Earl Grier">Herbert Earl Grier</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Heilmeier" title="George Heilmeier">George Heilmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_Leopold" title="Luna Leopold">Luna Leopold</a> e <a href="/wiki/Guyford_Stever" title="Guyford Stever">Guyford Stever</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Quate" title="Calvin Quate">Calvin Quate</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yi_Cho" title="Alfred Yi Cho">Alfred Yi Cho</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Clough" title="Ray Clough">Ray Clough</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Anton_Haus" title="Hermann Anton Haus">Hermann Anton Haus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Flanagan" title="James Flanagan">James Flanagan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Kumar_Patel" title="Chandra Kumar Patel">Chandra Kumar Patel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng Fung</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John Prausnitz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lightfoot" title="Edwin Lightfoot">Edwin Lightfoot</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Achenbach" title="Jan Achenbach">Jan Achenbach</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tobin_Marks" title="Tobin Marks">Tobin Marks</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kalman" title="Rudolf Kalman">Rudolf Kalman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">John Bannister Goodenough</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Matemáticas,_Estatísticas_e_Computacionais" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">Marston Morse</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen_(matem%C3%A1tico)" title="Paul Cohen (matemático)">Paul Cohen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Otto_Friedrichs" title="Kurt Otto Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leo_Doob" title="Joseph Leo Doob">Joseph Leo Doob</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Harvey_Stone" title="Marshall Harvey Stone">Marshall Harvey Stone</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gomory" title="Ralph Gomory">Ralph Gomory</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keller" title="Joseph Keller">Joseph Keller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Spencer" title="Donald Spencer">Donald Spencer</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Carrier" title="George Carrier">George Carrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kleene" title="Stephen Kleene">Stephen Kleene</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthy</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kruskal" title="Martin Kruskal">Martin Kruskal</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Cocke" title="John Cocke">John Cocke</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald Coifman</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elias_Stein" title="Elias Stein">Elias Stein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James Glimm</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_de_Boor" title="Carl de Boor">Carl de Boor</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis Sullivan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Alfred_Tapia" title="Richard Alfred Tapia">Richard Alfred Tapia</a> e <a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Wolf_Golomb" title="Solomon Wolf Golomb">Solomon Wolf Golomb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a> (póstuma)</span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2015:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Físicas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Físicas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Clayton Urey</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Walden_Rubey" title="William Walden Rubey">William Walden Rubey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring" title="Henry Eyring">Henry Eyring</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch" title="Francis Birch">Francis Birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plack_Hammett" title="Louis Plack Hammett">Louis Plack Hammett</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Doughty Bartlett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> e <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Herbert Charles Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Dicke" title="Robert Henry Dicke">Robert Henry Dicke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Rex_Sandage" title="Allan Rex Sandage">Allan Rex Sandage</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clarke_Slater" title="John Clarke Slater">John Clarke Slater</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Maurice_Ewing" title="William Maurice Ewing">William Maurice Ewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Paul John Flory</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hirschfelder" title="Joseph Hirschfelder">Joseph Hirschfelder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hastings_Sarett" title="Lewis Hastings Sarett">Lewis Hastings Sarett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Abraham_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Abraham Goudsmit">Samuel Abraham Goudsmit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mark" title="Hermann Mark">Hermann Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Buchsbaum" title="Solomon Buchsbaum">Solomon Buchsbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Crane" title="Horace Crane">Horace Crane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Christian_Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Christian Lauterbur">Paul Christian Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Allan_Bromley" title="David Allan Bromley">David Allan Bromley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" title="Chu Ching-wu">Chu Ching-wu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Orville_Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Orville Beckman">Arnold Orville Beckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sharp" title="Robert Sharp">Robert Sharp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cormack" title="Allan Cormack">Allan Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">Edwin Mattison McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Stone" title="Ed Stone">Ed Stone</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Shoemaker" title="Eugene Shoemaker">Eugene Shoemaker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Smith_Broecker" title="Wallace Smith Broecker">Wallace Smith Broecker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Don_Lorraine_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Lorraine Anderson">Don Lorraine Anderson</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall" title="John Norris Bahcall">John Norris Bahcall</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Eugene Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Paul_Ostriker" title="Jeremiah Paul Ostriker">Jeremiah Paul Ostriker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Fowler_White" title="Gilbert Fowler White">Gilbert Fowler White</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Cohen" title="Marvin Cohen">Marvin Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jason_Morgan" title="William Jason Morgan">William Jason Morgan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brent_Dalrymple" title="Brent Dalrymple">Brent Dalrymple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Alpher" title="Ralph Alpher">Ralph Alpher</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles Pence Slichter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn">James Gunn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Marley_Conwell" title="Esther Marley Conwell">Esther Marley Conwell</a> e <a href="/wiki/Warren_Washington" title="Warren Washington">Warren Washington</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean Solomon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107462" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q107462">Q107462</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/22355050">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/22355050/">22355050</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144033259">144033259</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2095961">2095961</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Har-Gobind-Khorana">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1017046506">1017046506</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110447138">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83827435">n83827435</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munzinger-Archiv" class="extiw" title="de:Munzinger-Archiv">Munzinger</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000012204">00000012204</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072366370">072366370</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n2003043115">n2003043115</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dados_bibliogr%C3%A1fica)" title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica)">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=36050464100">36050464100</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC" class="extiw" title="en:SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63s2vq6">w63s2vq6</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Universit%C3%A1rio_de_Documenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema Universitário de Documentação">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/070730067">070730067</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/har-gobind-khorana">har-gobind-khorana</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WikiTree" title="WikiTree">WikiTree</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Khorana-1">Khorana-1</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">OL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2181327A?mode=all">OL2181327A</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Austrália">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/809252">809252</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&oldid=62642282">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Har_Khorana&oldid=62642282</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a 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