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fractal dimension</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: box-counting fractal dimension"> <meta name="keywords" content="box-counting fractal dimension"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="box-counting fractal dimension"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 417</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: box-counting fractal dimension</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Fractal Dimension: An Index to Quantify Parameters in Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmoud%20R.%20Shaghaghian">Mahmoud R. Shaghaghian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are direct searching methods which require little information from design space. This characteristic beside robustness of these algorithms makes them to be very popular in recent decades. On the other hand, while this method is employed, there is no guarantee to achieve optimum results. This obliged designer to run such algorithms more than one time to achieve more reliable results. There are many attempts to modify the algorithms to make them more efficient. In this paper, by application of fractal dimension (particularly, Box Counting Method), the complexity of design space are established for determination of mutation and crossover probabilities (Pm and Pc). This methodology is followed by a numerical example for more clarification. It is concluded that this modification will improve efficiency of GAs and make them to bring about more reliable results especially for design space with higher fractal dimensions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Algorithm" title="Genetic Algorithm">Genetic Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension" title=" Fractal Dimension"> Fractal Dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BoxCounting%20Method" title=" BoxCounting Method"> BoxCounting Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weierstrass-Mandelbrot%20function." title=" Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function."> Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/fractal-dimension-an-index-to-quantify-parameters-in-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Fractal Dimension of Breast Cancer Cell Migration in a Wound Healing Assay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sullivan">R. Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Holden"> T. Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger"> G. Tremberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Branch"> C. Branch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Burrero"> J. Burrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Surpris"> G. Surpris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Quintana"> S. Quintana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Rameau"> A. Rameau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Yao"> H. Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Subramaniam"> R. Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20A.%20Rotenberg"> S. A. Rotenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Marchese"> P. Marchese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Flamhlolz"> A. Flamhlolz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration in breast cancer cell wound healing assay had been studied using image fractal dimension analysis. The migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (highly motile) in a wound healing assay was captured using time-lapse phase contrast video microscopy and compared to MDA-MB-468 cell migration (moderately motile). The Higuchi fractal method was used to compute the fractal dimension of the image intensity fluctuation along a single pixel width region parallel to the wound. The near-wound region fractal dimension was found to decrease three times faster in the MDA-MB- 231 cells initially as compared to the less cancerous MDA-MB-468 cells. The inner region fractal dimension was found to be fairly constant for both cell types in time and suggests a wound influence range of about 15 cell layer. The box-counting fractal dimension method was also used to study region of interest (ROI). The MDAMB- 468 ROI area fractal dimension was found to decrease continuously up to 7 hours. The MDA-MB-231 ROI area fractal dimension was found to increase and is consistent with the behavior of a HGF-treated MDA-MB-231 wound healing assay posted in the public domain. A fractal dimension based capacity index has been formulated to quantify the invasiveness of the MDA-MB-231 cells in the perpendicular-to-wound direction. Our results suggest that image intensity fluctuation fractal dimension analysis can be used as a tool to quantify cell migration in terms of cancer severity and treatment responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higuchi%20fractal%20dimension" title="Higuchi fractal dimension">Higuchi fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=box-counting%20fractal%20dimension" title=" box-counting fractal dimension"> box-counting fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cancer%20cell%20migration" title=" cancer cell migration"> cancer cell migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wound%20healing." title=" wound healing."> wound healing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/fractal-dimension-of-breast-cancer-cell-migration-in-a-wound-healing-assay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Effect of Inertia on the Fractal Dimension of Particle Line in three-dimensional Turbulent Flows using Kinematic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Azm%20Aly">A. Abou El-Azm Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Nicolleau"> F. Nicolleau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20M.%20Michelitsch"> T. M. Michelitsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Nowakowski"> A. F. Nowakowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dispersion of heavy particles line in an isotropic and incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow has been studied using the Kinematic Simulation techniques to find out the evolution of the line fractal dimension. In this study, the fractal dimension of the line is found for different cases of heavy particles inertia (different Stokes numbers) in the absence of the particle gravity with a comparison with the fractal dimension obtained in the diffusion case of material line at the same Reynolds number. It can be concluded for the dispersion of heavy particles line in turbulent flow that the particle inertia affect the fractal dimension of a line released in a turbulent flow for Stokes numbers 0.02 < St < 2. At the beginning for small times, most of the different cases are not affected by the inertia until a certain time, the particle response time τa, with larger time as the particles inertia increases, the fractal dimension of the line increases owing to the particles becoming more sensitive to the small scales which cause the change in the line shape during its journey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20particles" title="Heavy particles">Heavy particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kinematic%20Simulation" title=" Kinematic Simulation"> Kinematic Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension." title=" Fractal dimension."> Fractal dimension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/effect-of-inertia-on-the-fractal-dimension-of-particle-line-in-three-dimensional-turbulent-flows-using-kinematic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Temporal Change of Fractal Dimension of Explosion Earthquakes and Harmonic Tremors at Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia, using Critical Exponent Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sukir%20Maryanto">Sukir Maryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iyan%20Mulyana"> Iyan Mulyana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fractal analyses of successive event of explosion earthquake and harmonic tremor recorded at Semeru volcano were carried out to investigate the dynamical system regarding to their generating mechanism. The explosive eruptions accompanied by explosion earthquakes and following volcanic tremor which are generated by continuous emission of volcanic ash. The fractal dimension of successive event of explosion and harmonic tremor was estimated by Critical Exponent Method (CEM). It was found that the method yield a higher fractal dimension of explosion earthquakes and gradually decrease during the occurrence of harmonic tremor, and can be considerably as correlated complexity of the source mechanism from the variance of fractal dimension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title="Fractal dimension">Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semeru%20volcano" title=" Semeru volcano"> Semeru volcano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=explosionearthquake" title=" explosionearthquake"> explosionearthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=harmonic%20tremor" title=" harmonic tremor"> harmonic tremor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Critical%20Exponent%20Method" title=" Critical Exponent Method"> Critical Exponent Method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/temporal-change-of-fractal-dimension-of-explosion-earthquakes-and-harmonic-tremors-at-semeru-volcano-east-java-indonesia-using-critical-exponent-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1762</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Fractal Analysis on Human Colonic Pressure Activities based on the Box-counting Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rongguo%20Yan">Rongguo Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guozheng%20Yan"> Guozheng Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Banghua%20Yang"> Banghua Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The colonic tissue is a complicated dynamic system and the colonic activities it generates are composed of irregular segmental waves, which are referred to as erratic fluctuations or spikes. They are also highly irregular with subunit fractal structure. The traditional time-frequency domain statistics like the averaged amplitude, the motility index and the power spectrum, etc. are insufficient to describe such fluctuations. Thus the fractal box-counting dimension is proposed and the fractal scaling behaviors of the human colonic pressure activities under the physiological conditions are studied. It is shown that the dimension of the resting activity is smaller than that of the normal one, whereas the clipped version, which corresponds to the activity of the constipation patient, shows with higher fractal dimension. It may indicate a practical application to assess the colonic motility, which is often indicated by the colonic pressure activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Colonic%20pressure%20activity" title="Colonic pressure activity">Colonic pressure activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=erratic%20fluctuations" title=" erratic fluctuations"> erratic fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%0Adimension%20and%20spikes." title=" fractal dimension and spikes."> fractal dimension and spikes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/fractal-analysis-on-human-colonic-pressure-activities-based-on-the-box-counting-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Effect of Particle Gravity on the Fractal Dimension of Particle Line in three-dimensional Turbulent Flows using Kinematic Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Abou%20El-Azm%20Aly">A. Abou El-Azm Aly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Nicolleau"> F. Nicolleau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20M.%20Michelitsch"> T. M. Michelitsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20F.%20Nowakowski"> A. F. Nowakowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the dispersion of heavy particles line in an isotropic and incompressible three-dimensional turbulent flow has been studied using the Kinematic Simulation techniques to find out the evolution of the line fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of the line is found in the case of different particle gravity (in practice, different values of particle drift velocity) in the presence of small particle inertia with a comparison with that obtained in the diffusion case of material line at the same Reynolds number. It can be concluded for the dispersion of heavy particles line in turbulent flow that the particle gravity affect the fractal dimension of the line for different particle gravity velocities in the range 0.2 < W < 2. With the increase of the particle drift velocity, the fractal dimension of the line decreases which may be explained as the particles pass many scales in their journey in the direction of the gravity and the particles trajectories do not affect by these scales at high particle drift velocities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heavy%20particles" title="Heavy particles">Heavy particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kinematic%20Simulation" title=" Kinematic Simulation"> Kinematic Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension." title=" Fractal dimension."> Fractal dimension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/effect-of-particle-gravity-on-the-fractal-dimension-of-particle-line-in-three-dimensional-turbulent-flows-using-kinematic-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Trabecular Texture Analysis Using Fractal Metrics for Bone Fragility Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaled%20Harrar">Khaled Harrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rachid%20Jennane"> Rachid Jennane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is the discrimination of 28 postmenopausal with osteoporotic femoral fractures from an agematched control group of 28 women using texture analysis based on fractals. Two pre-processing approaches are applied on radiographic images; these techniques are compared to highlight the choice of the pre-processing method. Furthermore, the values of the fractal dimension are compared to those of the fractal signature in terms of the classification of the two populations. In a second analysis, the BMD measure at proximal femur was compared to the fractal analysis, the latter, which is a non-invasive technique, allowed a better discrimination; the results confirm that the fractal analysis of texture on calcaneus radiographs is able to discriminate osteoporotic patients with femoral fracture from controls. This discrimination was efficient compared to that obtained by BMD alone. It was also present in comparing subgroups with overlapping values of BMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20signature" title=" fractal signature"> fractal signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bone%20mineral%20density." title=" bone mineral density."> bone mineral density.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/trabecular-texture-analysis-using-fractal-metrics-for-bone-fragility-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> Evaluating Hurst Parameters and Fractal Dimensions of Surveyed Dataset of Tailings Dam Embankment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Yakubu">I. Yakubu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Y.%20Ziggah"> Y. Y. Ziggah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Yeboah"> C. Yeboah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the mining environment, tailings dam embankment is among the hazards and risk areas. The tailings dam embankment could fail and result to damages to facilities, human injuries or even fatalities. Periodic monitoring of the dam embankment is needed to help assess the safety of the tailings dam embankment. Artificial intelligence techniques such as fractals can be used to analyse the stability of the monitored dataset from survey measurement techniques. In this paper, the fractal dimension (D) was determined using D = 2-H. The Hurst parameters (H) of each monitored prism were determined by using a time domain of rescaled range programming in MATLAB software. The fractal dimensions of each monitored prism were determined based on the values of H. The results reveal that the values of the determined H were all within the threshold of 0 ≤ H ≤ 1 m. The smaller the H, the bigger the fractal dimension is. Fractal dimension values ranging from 1.359 x 10<sup>-4</sup> m to 1.8843 x 10<sup>-3</sup> m were obtained from the monitored prisms on the based on the tailing dam embankment dataset used. The ranges of values obtained indicate that the tailings dam embankment is stable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hurst%20parameter" title="Hurst parameter">Hurst parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tailings%20dam%20embankment" title=" tailings dam embankment"> tailings dam embankment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surveyed%20dataset." title=" surveyed dataset."> surveyed dataset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/evaluating-hurst-parameters-and-fractal-dimensions-of-surveyed-dataset-of-tailings-dam-embankment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">759</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> The Relations between the Fractal Properties of the River Networks and the River Flow Time Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Fattahi">M. H. Fattahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Jahangiri"> H. Jahangiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All the geophysical phenomena including river networks and flow time series are fractal events inherently and fractal patterns can be investigated through their behaviors. A non-linear system like a river basin can well be analyzed by a non-linear measure such as the fractal analysis. A bilateral study is held on the fractal properties of the river network and the river flow time series. A moving window technique is utilized to scan the fractal properties of them. Results depict both events follow the same strategy regarding to the fractal properties. Both the river network and the time series fractal dimension tend to saturate in a distinct value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=river%20flow%20time%20series" title="river flow time series">river flow time series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal" title=" fractal"> fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=river%20networks" title=" river networks"> river networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/the-relations-between-the-fractal-properties-of-the-river-networks-and-the-river-flow-time-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1688</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> Box Counting Dimension of the Union L of Trinomial Curves When α ≥ 1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaoutar%20Lamrini%20Uahabi">Kaoutar Lamrini Uahabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Atounti"> Mohamed Atounti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we consider one category of curves denoted by L(p, k, r, n). These curves are continuous arcs which are trajectories of roots of the trinomial equation zn = αzk + (1 − α), where z is a complex number, n and k are two integers such that 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 and α is a real parameter greater than 1. Denoting by L the union of all trinomial curves L(p, k, r, n) and using the box counting dimension as fractal dimension, we will prove that the dimension of L is equal to 3/2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feasible%20angles" title="Feasible angles">Feasible angles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minkowski%0D%0Asausage" title=" Minkowski sausage"> Minkowski sausage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trinomial%20curves" title=" trinomial curves"> trinomial curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trinomial%20equation." title=" trinomial equation."> trinomial equation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/box-counting-dimension-of-the-union-l-of-trinomial-curves-when-a-1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">631</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> Fractal Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequences in Archaea Thermophiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Holden">T. Holden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20Tremberger"> G. Tremberger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jr"> Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Cheung"> E. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Subramaniam"> R. Subramaniam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Sullivan"> R. Sullivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Gadura"> N. Gadura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Schneider"> P. Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Marchese"> P. Marchese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Flamholz"> A. Flamholz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Cheung"> T. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Lieberman"> D. Lieberman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A nucleotide sequence can be expressed as a numerical sequence when each nucleotide is assigned its proton number. A resulting gene numerical sequence can be investigated for its fractal dimension in terms of evolution and chemical properties for comparative studies. We have investigated such nucleotide fluctuation in the 16S rRNA gene of archaea thermophiles. The studied archaea thermophiles were archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, methanocaldococcus jannaschii, pyrococcus horikoshii, and thermoplasma acidophilum. The studied five archaea-euryarchaeota thermophiles have fractal dimension values ranging from 1.93 to 1.97. Computer simulation shows that random sequences would have an average of about 2 with a standard deviation about 0.015. The fractal dimension was found to correlate (negative correlation) with the thermophile-s optimal growth temperature with R2 value of 0.90 (N =5). The inclusion of two aracheae-crenarchaeota thermophiles reduces the R2 value to 0.66 (N = 7). Further inclusion of two bacterial thermophiles reduces the R2 value to 0.50 (N =9). The fractal dimension is correlated (positive) to the sequence GC content with an R2 value of 0.89 for the five archaea-euryarchaeota thermophiles (and 0.74 for the entire set of N = 9), although computer simulation shows little correlation. The highest correlation (positive) was found to be between the fractal dimension and di-nucleotide Shannon entropy. However Shannon entropy and sequence GC content were observed to correlate with optimal growth temperature having an R2 of 0.8 (negative), and 0.88 (positive), respectively, for the entire set of 9 thermophiles; thus the correlation lacks species specificity. Together with another correlation study of bacterial radiation dosage with RecA repair gene sequence fractal dimension, it is postulated that fractal dimension analysis is a sensitive tool for studying the relationship between genotype and phenotype among closely related sequences.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title="Fractal dimension">Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=archaea%20thermophiles" title=" archaea thermophiles"> archaea thermophiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shannon%20entropy" title=" Shannon entropy"> Shannon entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GC%20content" title=" GC content"> GC content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/fractal-analysis-of-16s-rrna-gene-sequences-in-archaea-thermophiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1779</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Computing Fractal Dimension of Signals using Multiresolution Box-counting Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20S.%20Raghavendra">B. S. Raghavendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Narayana%20Dutt"> D. Narayana Dutt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have developed a method to compute fractal dimension (FD) of discrete time signals, in the time domain, by modifying the box-counting method. The size of the box is dependent on the sampling frequency of the signal. The number of boxes required to completely cover the signal are obtained at multiple time resolutions. The time resolutions are made coarse by decimating the signal. The loglog plot of total number of boxes required to cover the curve versus size of the box used appears to be a straight line, whose slope is taken as an estimate of FD of the signal. The results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method using parametric fractal signals. The estimation accuracy of the method is compared with that of Katz, Sevcik, and Higuchi methods. In addition, some properties of the FD are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Box-counting" title="Box-counting">Box-counting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20dimension" title=" Fractal dimension"> Fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Higuchi%20method" title=" Higuchi method"> Higuchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Katz%20method" title="Katz method">Katz method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parametric%20fractal%20signals" title=" Parametric fractal signals"> Parametric fractal signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sevcik%20method." title=" Sevcik method."> Sevcik method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/computing-fractal-dimension-of-signals-using-multiresolution-box-counting-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Evaluation of Ultrasonic C-Scan Images by Fractal Dimension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Samanta">S. Samanta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Datta"> D. Datta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20S.%20Gautam"> S. S. Gautam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, quantitative evaluation of ultrasonic Cscan images through estimation of their Fractal Dimension (FD) is discussed. Necessary algorithm for evaluation of FD of any 2-D digitized image is implemented by developing a computer code. For the evaluation purpose several C-scan images of the Kevlar composite impacted by high speed bullet and glass fibre composite having flaw in the form of inclusion is used. This analysis automatically differentiates a C-scan image showing distinct damage zone, from an image that contains no such damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C-scan" title="C-scan">C-scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Impact" title=" Impact"> Impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension" title=" Fractal Dimension"> Fractal Dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kevlar%0Acomposite%20and%20Inclusion%20Flaw" title=" Kevlar composite and Inclusion Flaw"> Kevlar composite and Inclusion Flaw</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/evaluation-of-ultrasonic-c-scan-images-by-fractal-dimension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1744</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> A Neural-Network-Based Fault Diagnosis Approach for Analog Circuits by Using Wavelet Transformation and Fractal Dimension as a Preprocessor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wenji%20Zhu">Wenji Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yigang%20He"> Yigang He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a new method of analog fault diagnosis based on back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) using wavelet decomposition and fractal dimension as preprocessors. The proposed method has the capability to detect and identify faulty components in an analog electronic circuit with tolerance by analyzing its impulse response. Using wavelet decomposition to preprocess the impulse response drastically de-noises the inputs to the neural network. The second preprocessing by fractal dimension can extract unique features, which are the fed to a neural network as inputs for further classification. A comparison of our work with [1] and [6], which also employs back-propagation (BP) neural networks, reveals that our system requires a much smaller network and performs significantly better in fault diagnosis of analog circuits due to our proposed preprocessing techniques.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analog%20circuits" title="Analog circuits">Analog circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelettransform" title=" wavelettransform"> wavelettransform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20dimension" title=" fractal dimension"> fractal dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=box%20dimension." title=" box dimension."> box dimension.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/a-neural-network-based-fault-diagnosis-approach-for-analog-circuits-by-using-wavelet-transformation-and-fractal-dimension-as-a-preprocessor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Fractal Patterns for Power Quality Detection Using Color Relational Analysis Based Classifier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chia-Hung%20Lin">Chia-Hung Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei-Sung%20Kang"> Mei-Sung Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cong-Hui%20Huang"> Cong-Hui Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chao-Lin%20Kuo"> Chao-Lin Kuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes fractal patterns for power quality (PQ) detection using color relational analysis (CRA) based classifier. Iterated function system (IFS) uses the non-linear interpolation in the map and uses similarity maps to construct various fractal patterns of power quality disturbances, including harmonics, voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage sag involving harmonics, voltage swell involving harmonics, and voltage interruption. The non-linear interpolation functions (NIFs) with fractal dimension (FD) make fractal patterns more distinguishing between normal and abnormal voltage signals. The classifier based on CRA discriminates the disturbance events in a power system. Compared with the wavelet neural networks, the test results will show accurate discrimination, good robustness, and faster processing time for detecting disturbing events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20Quality%20%28PQ%29" title="Power Quality (PQ)">Power Quality (PQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Color%20Relational%20Analysis%28CRA%29" title=" Color Relational Analysis(CRA)"> Color Relational Analysis(CRA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterated%20Function%20System%20%28IFS%29" title=" Iterated Function System (IFS)"> Iterated Function System (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-linear%20InterpolationFunction%20%28NIF%29" title=" Non-linear InterpolationFunction (NIF)"> Non-linear InterpolationFunction (NIF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension%20%28FD%29." title=" Fractal Dimension (FD)."> Fractal Dimension (FD).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/fractal-patterns-for-power-quality-detection-using-color-relational-analysis-based-classifier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Active Segment Selection Method in EEG Classification Using Fractal Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samira%20Vafaye%20Eslahi">Samira Vafaye Eslahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>BCI (Brain Computer Interface) is a communication machine that translates brain massages to computer commands. These machines with the help of computer programs can recognize the tasks that are imagined. Feature extraction is an important stage of the process in EEG classification that can effect in accuracy and the computation time of processing the signals. In this study we process the signal in three steps of active segment selection, fractal feature extraction, and classification. One of the great challenges in BCI applications is to improve classification accuracy and computation time together. In this paper, we have used student’s 2D sample t-statistics on continuous wavelet transforms for active segment selection to reduce the computation time. In the next level, the features are extracted from some famous fractal dimension estimation of the signal. These fractal features are Katz and Higuchi. In the classification stage we used ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) classifier, FKNN (Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbors), LDA (Linear Discriminate Analysis), and SVM (Support Vector Machines). We resulted that active segment selection method would reduce the computation time and Fractal dimension features with ANFIS analysis on selected active segments is the best among investigated methods in EEG classification.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Student%E2%80%99s%20t-%20statistics" title=" Student’s t- statistics"> Student’s t- statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=BCI" title=" BCI"> BCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Features" title=" Fractal Features"> Fractal Features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FKNN." title=" FKNN."> FKNN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/active-segment-selection-method-in-eeg-classification-using-fractal-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> The Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Tumor Cell Colonies: Fractal Dimension and Morphological Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Sungkaworn"> T. Sungkaworn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=W.%20Triampo"> W. Triampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Nalakarn"> P. Nalakarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20Triampo"> D. Triampo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20M.%20Tang"> I. M. Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Lenbury"> Y. Lenbury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Picha"> P. Picha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semiconductor nanomaterials like TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) approximately less than 100 nm in diameter have become a new generation of advanced materials due to their novel and interesting optical, dielectric, and photo-catalytic properties. With the increasing use of NPs in commerce, to date few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental effects of NPs. Motivated by the importance of TiO2-NPs that may contribute to the cancer research field especially from the treatment prospective together with the fractal analysis technique, we have investigated the effect of TiO2-NPs on colony morphology in the dark condition using fractal dimension as a key morphological characterization parameter. The aim of this work is mainly to investigate the cytotoxic effects of TiO2-NPs in the dark on the growth of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell colonies from morphological aspect. The in vitro studies were carried out together with the image processing technique and fractal analysis. It was found that, these colonies were abnormal in shape and size. Moreover, the size of the control colonies appeared to be larger than those of the treated group. The mean Df +/- SEM of the colonies in untreated cultures was 1.085±0.019, N= 25, while that of the cultures treated with TiO2-NPs was 1.287±0.045. It was found that the circularity of the control group (0.401±0.071) is higher than that of the treated group (0.103±0.042). The same tendency was found in the diameter parameters which are 1161.30±219.56 μm and 852.28±206.50 μm for the control and treated group respectively. Possible explanation of the results was discussed, though more works need to be done in terms of the for mechanism aspects. Finally, our results indicate that fractal dimension can serve as a useful feature, by itself or in conjunction with other shape features, in the classification of cancer colonies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tumor%20growth" title="Tumor growth">Tumor growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cell%20colonies" title=" Cell colonies"> Cell colonies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TiO2" title=" TiO2"> TiO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nanoparticles" title=" Nanoparticles"> Nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title="Fractal">Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morphology" title=" Morphology"> Morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aggregation." title=" Aggregation."> Aggregation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/the-effects-of-tio2-nanoparticles-on-tumor-cell-colonies-fractal-dimension-and-morphological-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2006</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> New Hybrid Method to Model Extreme Rainfalls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20Laaroussi">Y. Laaroussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Guennoun"> Z. Guennoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Amar"> A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Modeling and forecasting dynamics of rainfall occurrences constitute one of the major topics, which have been largely treated by statisticians, hydrologists, climatologists and many other groups of scientists. In the same issue, we propose, in the present paper, a new hybrid method, which combines Extreme Values and fractal theories. We illustrate the use of our methodology for transformed Emberger Index series, constructed basing on data recorded in Oujda (Morocco). The index is treated at first by Peaks Over Threshold (POT) approach, to identify excess observations over an optimal threshold u. In the second step, we consider the resulting excess as a fractal object included in one dimensional space of time. We identify fractal dimension by the box counting. We discuss the prospect descriptions of rainfall data sets under Generalized Pareto Distribution, assured by Extreme Values Theory (EVT). We show that, despite of the appropriateness of return periods given by POT approach, the introduction of fractal dimension provides accurate interpretation results, which can ameliorate apprehension of rainfall occurrences.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extreme%20values%20theory" title="Extreme values theory">Extreme values theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractals%20dimensions" title=" Fractals dimensions"> Fractals dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peaks%0D%0AOver%20Threshold" title=" Peaks Over Threshold"> Peaks Over Threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rainfall%20occurrences." title=" Rainfall occurrences."> Rainfall occurrences.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/new-hybrid-method-to-model-extreme-rainfalls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2099</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> 3D Locomotion and Fractal Analysis of Goldfish for Acute Toxicity Bioassay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kittiwann%20Nimkerdphol">Kittiwann Nimkerdphol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masahiro%20Nakagawa"> Masahiro Nakagawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological reactions of individuals of a testing animal to toxic substance are unique and can be used as an indication of the existing of toxic substance. However, to distinguish such phenomenon need a very complicate system and even more complicate to analyze data in 3 dimensional. In this paper, a system to evaluate in vitro biological activities to acute toxicity of stochastic self-affine non-stationary signal of 3D goldfish swimming by using fractal analysis is introduced. Regular digital camcorders are utilized by proposed algorithm 3DCCPC to effectively capture and construct 3D movements of the fish. A Critical Exponent Method (CEM) has been adopted as a fractal estimator. The hypothesis was that the swimming of goldfish to acute toxic would show the fractal property which related to the toxic concentration. The experimental results supported the hypothesis by showing that the swimming of goldfish under the different toxic concentration has fractal properties. It also shows that the fractal dimension of the swimming related to the pH value of FD Ôëê 0.26pH + 0.05. With the proposed system, the fish is allowed to swim freely in all direction to react to the toxic. In addition, the trajectories are precisely evaluated by fractal analysis with critical exponent method and hence the results exhibit with much higher degree of confidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20locomotion" title="3D locomotion">3D locomotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioassay" title=" bioassay"> bioassay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=critical%20exponent%20method" title=" critical exponent method"> critical exponent method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CEM" title="CEM">CEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20analysis" title=" fractal analysis"> fractal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=goldfish." title=" goldfish."> goldfish.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/3d-locomotion-and-fractal-analysis-of-goldfish-for-acute-toxicity-bioassay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1724</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Dual Band Fractal Antenna for Wireless Sensor Network Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Shanmugapriya">M. Shanmugapriya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Maluk%20Mohamed"> M. A. Maluk Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20William"> J. William</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a cooperative network. These nodes communicate through a wireless antenna. Reduction in physical size and multiband operation is an important requirement of WSN antenna. Fractal antenna is used for miniaturization and multiband operation. The self-similar or self-affine and space filling property of fractal geometry increases the effective electrical length of the antenna, reduces the size and make them frequency independent. This paper elaborates on Dual band fractal antenna with Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed for WSN. The proposed antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate with the dimension of 27mm x 28.5mm x 1.6mm, resonates at 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz with a return loss less than -10dB. The design and simulation process is carried out using IE3D simulation software. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW" title="CPW">CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iterations" title=" Iterations"> Iterations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Miniaturization" title=" Miniaturization"> Miniaturization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Space%0D%0Afilling" title=" Space filling"> Space filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Self%20Similar" title=" Self Similar"> Self Similar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WLAN." title=" WLAN."> WLAN.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/dual-band-fractal-antenna-for-wireless-sensor-network-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Gradual Shot Boundary Detection and Classification Based on Fractal Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeinab%20Zeinalpour-Tabrizi">Zeinab Zeinalpour-Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faeze%20Asdaghi"> Faeze Asdaghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmooh%20Fathy"> Mahmooh Fathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Jahed-Motlagh"> Mohammad Reza Jahed-Motlagh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shot boundary detection is a fundamental step for the organization of large video data. In this paper, we propose a new method for video gradual shots detection and classification, using advantages of fractal analysis and AIS-based classifier. Proposed features are “vertical intercept" and “fractal dimension" of each frame of videos which are computed using Fourier transform coefficients. We also used a classifier based on Clonal Selection Algorithm. We have carried out our solution and assessed it according to the TRECVID2006 benchmark dataset.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shot%20boundary%20detection" title="shot boundary detection">shot boundary detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gradual%20shots" title=" gradual shots"> gradual shots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20analysis" title=" fractal analysis"> fractal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=artificial%20immune%20system" title=" artificial immune system"> artificial immune system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=choose%20Clooney." title=" choose Clooney."> choose Clooney.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/gradual-shot-boundary-detection-and-classification-based-on-fractal-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Single Feed Circularly Polarized Poly Fractal Antenna for Wireless Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20V.%20Reddy">V. V. Reddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20V.%20S.%20N.%20Sarma"> N. V. S. N. Sarma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A circularly polarized fractal boundary microstrip antenna is presented. The sides of a square patch along x- axis, yaxis are replaced with Minkowski and Koch curves correspondingly. By using the fractal curves as edges, asymmetry in the structure is created to excite two orthogonal modes for circular polarization (CP) operation. The indentation factors of the fractal curves are optimized for pure CP. The simulated results of the novel polyfractal antenna are demonstrated.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Circular%20polarization" title="Circular polarization">Circular polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Koch" title=" Koch"> Koch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Minkowski." title=" Minkowski."> Minkowski.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/single-feed-circularly-polarized-poly-fractal-antenna-for-wireless-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Design of Laboratory Pilot Reactor for Filtering and Separation of Water – oil Emulsions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irena%20Markovska">Irena Markovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nikolai%20Zaicev"> Nikolai Zaicev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bogdan%20Bogdanov"> Bogdan Bogdanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dimitar%20Georgiev"> Dimitar Georgiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yancho%20Hristov">Yancho Hristov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with problems related to the possibilities to use fractal systems to solve some important scientific and practical problems connected with filtering and separation of aqueous phases from organic ones. For this purpose a special separator have been designed. The reactor was filled with a porous material with fractal dimension, which is an integral part of the set for filtration and separation of emulsions. As a model emulsion hexadecan mixture with water in equal quantities (1:1) was used. We examined the hydrodynamics of the separation of the emulsion at different rates of submission of the entrance of the reactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pilot%20reactor" title="pilot reactor">pilot reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20systems" title=" fractal systems"> fractal systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emulsions" title=" emulsions"> emulsions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/design-of-laboratory-pilot-reactor-for-filtering-and-separation-of-water-oil-emulsions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Offline Signature Recognition using Radon Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Radmehr">M.Radmehr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.M.Anisheh"> S.M.Anisheh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.Yousefian"> I.Yousefian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work a new offline signature recognition system based on Radon Transform, Fractal Dimension (FD) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) is presented. In the first step, projections of original signatures along four specified directions have been performed using radon transform. Then, FDs of four obtained vectors are calculated to construct a feature vector for each signature. These vectors are then fed into SVM classifier for recognition of signatures. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the system several experiments are carried out. Offline signature database from signature verification competition (SVC) 2004 is used during all of the tests. Experimental result indicates that the proposed method achieved high accuracy rate in signature recognition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Dimension" title="Fractal Dimension">Fractal Dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Offline%20Signature%20Recognition" title=" Offline Signature Recognition"> Offline Signature Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radon%20Transform" title=" Radon Transform"> Radon Transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine" title=" Support Vector Machine"> Support Vector Machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/offline-signature-recognition-using-radon-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Design of a Novel CPW Fed Fractal Antenna for UWB</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20El%20Hamdouni">A. El Hamdouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a novel fractal antenna structure proposed for UWB (Ultra – Wideband) applications. The frequency band 3.1-10.6GHz released by FCC (Federal Communication Commission) as the commercial operation of UWB has been chosen as frequency range for this antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and circular shapes fulfilled according to fractal geometry. The proposed antenna is validated and designed by using an FR4 substrate with overall area of 34x43 mm2. The simulated results performed by CST-Microwave Studio and compared by ADS (Advanced Design System) show good matching input impedance with return loss less than -10dB between 2.9 GHz and 11 GHz.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20antenna" title="Fractal antenna">Fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal%20Geometry" title=" Fractal Geometry"> Fractal Geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW%20Feed" title=" CPW Feed"> CPW Feed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=UWB" title=" UWB"> UWB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FCC." title=" FCC."> FCC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/design-of-a-novel-cpw-fed-fractal-antenna-for-uwb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> A New Vision of Fractal Geometry with Triangulati on Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Abd%20El-Latif">Yasser M. Abd El-Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatma%20S.Abousaleh"> Fatma S.Abousaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daoud%20S.%20S."> Daoud S. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>L-system is a tool commonly used for modeling and simulating the growth of fractal plants. The aim of this paper is to join some problems of the computational geometry with the fractal geometry by using the L-system technique to generate fractal plant in 3D. L-system constructs the fractal structure by applying rewriting rules sequentially and this technique depends on recursion process with large number of iterations to get different shapes of 3D fractal plants. Instead, it was reiterated a specific number of iterations up to three iterations. The vertices generated from the last stage of the Lsystem rewriting process are used as input to the triangulation algorithm to construct the triangulation shape of these vertices. The resulting shapes can be used as covers for the architectural objects and in different computer graphics fields. The paper presents a gallery of triangulation forms which application in architecture creates an alternative for domes and other traditional types of roofs.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20geometry" title="Computational geometry">Computational geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L-system" title=" L-system"> L-system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=triangulation." title=" triangulation."> triangulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/a-new-vision-of-fractal-geometry-with-triangulati-on-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1921</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> A Neural Approach for Color-Textured Images Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalid%20Salhi">Khalid Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=El%20Miloud%20Jaara"> El Miloud Jaara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Talibi%20Alaoui"> Mohammed Talibi Alaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a neural approach for unsupervised natural color-texture image segmentation, which is based on both Kohonen maps and mathematical morphology, using a combination of the texture and the image color information of the image, namely, the fractal features based on fractal dimension are selected to present the information texture, and the color features presented in RGB color space. These features are then used to train the network Kohonen, which will be represented by the underlying probability density function, the segmentation of this map is made by morphological watershed transformation. The performance of our color-texture segmentation approach is compared first, to color-based methods or texture-based methods only, and then to k-means method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Segmentation" title="Segmentation">Segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=color-texture" title=" color-texture"> color-texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal" title=" fractal"> fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=watershed." title=" watershed."> watershed.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/a-neural-approach-for-color-textured-images-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> IFS on the Multi-Fuzzy Fractal Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadia%20M.%20G.%20AL-Sa%27idi">Nadia M. G. AL-Sa'idi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Rushdan%20Md.%20Sd."> Muhammad Rushdan Md. Sd.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adil%20M.%20Ahmed"> Adil M. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The IFS is a scheme for describing and manipulating complex fractal attractors using simple mathematical models. More precisely, the most popular “fractal –based" algorithms for both representation and compression of computer images have involved some implementation of the method of Iterated Function Systems (IFS) on complete metric spaces. In this paper a new generalized space called Multi-Fuzzy Fractal Space was constructed. On these spases a distance function is defined, and its completeness is proved. The completeness property of this space ensures the existence of a fixed-point theorem for the family of continuous mappings. This theorem is the fundamental result on which the IFS methods are based and the fractals are built. The defined mappings are proved to satisfy some generalizations of the contraction condition.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20metric%20space" title="Fuzzy metric space">Fuzzy metric space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20fractal%20space" title=" Fuzzy fractal space"> Fuzzy fractal space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20fuzzy%0D%0Afractal%20space." title=" Multi fuzzy fractal space."> Multi fuzzy fractal space.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/ifs-on-the-multi-fuzzy-fractal-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1973</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Design of a Novel Fractal Multiband Planar Antenna with a CPW-Feed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Benyetho">T. Benyetho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L.%20El%20Abdellaoui"> L. El Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Terhzaz"> J. Terhzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Bennis"> H. Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tribak"> A. Tribak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This work presents a new planar multiband antenna based on fractal geometry. This structure is optimized and validated into simulation by using CST-MW Studio. To feed this antenna we have used a CPW line which makes it easy to be incorporated with integrated circuits. The simulation results presents a good matching input impedance and radiation pattern in the GSM band at 900 MHz and ISM band at 2.4 GHz. The final structure is a dual band fractal antenna with 70 x 70 mm² as a total area by using an FR4 substrate.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antenna" title="Antenna">Antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CPW" title=" CPW"> CPW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractal" title=" Fractal"> Fractal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multiband." title=" Multiband."> Multiband.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/design-of-a-novel-fractal-multiband-planar-antenna-with-a-cpw-feed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2720</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Function of Fractals: Application of Non-linear Geometry in Continental Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammadsadegh%20Zanganehfar">Mohammadsadegh Zanganehfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Since the introduction of fractal geometry in 1970, numerous efforts have been made by architects and researchers to transfer this area of mathematical knowledge in the discipline of architecture and postmodernist discourse. The discourse of complexity and architecture is one of the most significant ongoing discourses in the discipline of architecture from the 70's until today and has generated significant styles such as deconstructivism and parametricism in architecture. During these years, several projects were designed and presented by designers and architects using fractal geometry, but due to the lack of sufficient knowledge and appropriate comprehension of the features and characteristics of this nonlinear geometry, none of the fractal-based designs have been successful and satisfying. Fractal geometry as a geometric technology has a long presence in the history of architecture. The current research attempts to identify and discover the characteristics, features, potentials and functionality of fractals despite their aesthetic aspect by examining case studies of pre-modern architecture in Asia and investigating the function of fractals. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asian%20architecture" title="Asian architecture">Asian architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20geometry" title=" fractal geometry"> fractal geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fractal%20technique" title=" fractal technique"> fractal technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=geometric%20properties" title=" geometric properties"> geometric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/function-of-fractals-application-of-non-linear-geometry-in-continental-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012239/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn 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