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<span>Dance styles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence and diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чикаго хаус – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чикаго хаус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_House" title="Chicago House – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chicago House" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="شیکاگو هاوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیکاگو هاوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%92%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="שיקגו האוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיקגו האוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9" title="シカゴ・ハウス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シカゴ・ハウス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чикагский хаус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чикагский хаус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chicago house" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Чикаго хаус – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чикаго хаус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ชิคาโกเฮาส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชิคาโกเฮาส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Чикаго-хауз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чикаго-хауз" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Music genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information on house styles in Chicago, see <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Chicago" title="Architecture of Chicago">Architecture of Chicago</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Chicago house</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">post-disco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a> (<a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">electro</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1983, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">deep house</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage house</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_music" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT music">LGBT music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chicago house</b> refers to <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> produced during the mid to late 1980s within <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. The term is generally used to refer to the original house music DJs and producers from the area, such as <a href="/wiki/Ron_Hardy" title="Ron Hardy">Ron Hardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phuture" title="Phuture">Phuture</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_origins">History and origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disco_edits">Disco edits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Disco edits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grammophone_Records.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grammophone_Records.JPG/220px-Grammophone_Records.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grammophone_Records.JPG/330px-Grammophone_Records.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Grammophone_Records.JPG/440px-Grammophone_Records.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gramaphone_Records" title="Gramaphone Records">Gramaphone Records</a> is known as the home of house records in Chicago</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Disco_Demolition_Night" title="Disco Demolition Night">Disco Demolition Night</a> in mid-1979, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music's mainstream popularity fell into decline. In the early 1980s, fewer and fewer disco records were being released, but the genre remained popular in some Chicago nightclubs and on at least one radio station, <a href="/wiki/WVAZ" title="WVAZ">WBMX-FM</a>. </p><p>In this era, Chicago radio jocks <a href="/wiki/Hot_Mix_5" title="Hot Mix 5">The Hot Mix 5</a>, and club DJs <a href="/wiki/Ron_Hardy" title="Ron Hardy">Ron Hardy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Knuckles" title="Frankie Knuckles">Frankie Knuckles</a> played various styles of dance music, including older <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> records, newer <a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electro_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro music">electro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">EBM</a> tracks, B-boy hip hop music by <a href="/wiki/Man_Parrish" title="Man Parrish">Man Parrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jellybean_Benitez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jellybean Benitez">Jellybean Benitez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Baker_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Baker (musician)">Arthur Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Robie" title="John Robie">John Robie</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electronic pop</a> music by <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telex_(band)" title="Telex (band)">Telex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a>. </p><p>Some of these DJs also made and played their own edits of their favorite songs on reel-to-reel tape, focusing on the portions of songs which worked well on the dancefloor. Some even mixed in effects, <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machines</a>, and other rhythmic electronic instrumentation in an effort to give songs more appeal. These edits and <a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">remixes</a> were rarely released to the public, and even then were available only on privately pressed vinyl records or on <a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">mixtapes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_connection">European connection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European connection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early house music sound was a "dialogue" between <a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Hispanic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Black American</a> <a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">post-disco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Queer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Queer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BWTS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BWTS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and European <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ripit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ripit-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rachel_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rachel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_electronic_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary electronic music">electronic music</a> and their traditions with Italo-disco picked or, emulated the most,<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the template for house music.<sup id="cite_ref-EuropeanConnection_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EuropeanConnection-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precursors include electro songs "<a href="/wiki/Planet_Rock_(song)" title="Planet Rock (song)">Planet Rock</a>," "<a href="/wiki/Let_the_Music_Play_(Shannon_song)" title="Let the Music Play (Shannon song)">Let the Music Play</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italo-disco (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Klein_%2B_M.B.O." title="Klein + M.B.O.">Klein + M.B.O.</a>), on one hand; <a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">EBM</a><sup id="cite_ref-EuropeanConnection_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EuropeanConnection-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Liaisons_Dangereuses_(band)" title="Liaisons Dangereuses (band)">Liaisons Dangereuses</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DanceEnergy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanceEnergy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deutsch_Amerikanische_Freundschaft" title="Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft">Deutsch Amerikanische Freundschaft</a> on <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a><sup id="cite_ref-DanceEnergy_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DanceEnergy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) on another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_productions">Original productions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Original productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:15em; border-width: 1px; color: #202122;background-color: #c6dbf7;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>What we did was gather all the right ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""> — <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Saunders" title="Jesse Saunders">Jesse Saunders</a></cite></p> </div> <p>On the history, <a href="/wiki/Farley_%22Jackmaster%22_Funk" title="Farley "Jackmaster" Funk">Farley "Jackmaster" Funk</a> says "<a href="/wiki/Jesse_Saunders" title="Jesse Saunders">Jesse Saunders</a> was first[.] He put out records before anyone conceived of doing it, got all the girls, and all the fame. Jesse wanted to be the next Motown."<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Screamin%27_Rachael" title="Screamin' Rachael">Screamin' Rachael</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Trax_Records" title="Trax Records">Trax Records</a>, describes the music the following way "[w]hat Trax did was really a combination of punk and industrial with a really great 4x4 dance beat. Today they want to call it EDM, but Chicago house is the mother of them all. A lot of people don’t want to recognize—I think people in the UK do, but others don’t. Part of it is that Chicago was never an industry town, and New York always likes to claim they did it first."<sup id="cite_ref-Rachel_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rachel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, Saunders' label released, on 12-inch single, a song called "On and On". Saunders composed the track with <a href="/wiki/Vince_Lawrence" title="Vince Lawrence">Vince Lawrence</a> to replace a record that had been stolen from Saunders' collection, the "On & On" bootleg disco <a href="/wiki/Megamix" title="Megamix">megamix</a> by Mach. That megamix, a pastiche of loops from several electronic disco records, particularly the bassline from Player One's "<a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders_(Player_One_song)" title="Space Invaders (Player One song)">Space Invaders</a>" (1979), had been Saunders' "signature" tune as a DJ; it was one that other DJs in the city did not play. Saunders and Lawrence added hypnotic lyrics and electronic instruments, utilizing a <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">Roland TR-808</a> drum machine as electronic <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Korg_Poly-61" title="Korg Poly-61">Korg Poly-61</a> <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">Roland TB-303</a> <a href="/wiki/Bass_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass synthesizer">bass synthesizer</a>. In a 2010 interview, Saunders claimed the song sought to capture the essence of the style of disco that other local DJs were playing at the time, a style he says was already known locally as "house".<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saunders' success with the relatively unpolished "On & On" inspired other Chicago DJs to try their hand at producing and releasing original songs in a similar style, using electronic instrumentation. Early such recordings included <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Principle" title="Jamie Principle">Jamie Principle</a>'s and Frankie Knuckles' "<a href="/wiki/Your_Love_(Jamie_Principle_song)" title="Your Love (Jamie Principle song)">Your Love</a>" (1986); and <a href="/wiki/Chip_E." title="Chip E.">Chip E.</a>'s "Jack Trax" record (1985), featuring the songs "It's House" and "Time to Jack", each of which used complex rhythms, simple bassline, <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a> technology, and sparse vocals. These producers were aided in their efforts by the availability of affordable, mass-produced electronic music instruments, especially those from the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland Corporation</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-909" title="Roland TR-909">TR-909</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">TR-808</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-707" title="Roland TR-707">TR-707</a> drum machines, <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-707" title="Roland TR-707">TR-727</a> Latin percussion machine, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Juno-60" title="Roland Juno-60">Juno</a> synthesizers,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">TB-303</a> bass module, and compact sequencers. </p><p>Although there are <a href="/wiki/House_music#Origins_of_the_term_"house"" title="House music">conflicting accounts of the term's etymology</a>, by 1985, "house music" was synonymous with these homegrown dance music productions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increasing_popularity_and_divergent_styles">Increasing popularity and divergent styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Increasing popularity and divergent styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">Deep house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid house</a></div> <p>As with other dance music, DJs and local club-goers were the primary audience for this relatively noncommercial music, which was more conceptual and longer than the music usually played on commercial radio. Mainstream record stores often did not carry it, as the records were not available through the major record distributors. In Chicago, only record stores such as Importes Etc., State Street Records, JR's Music shop and Gramaphone Records were the primary suppliers of this music. Despite the music's limited commercial availability, house records sold in the tens of thousands, and the music was further popularized via radio station 102.7 <a href="/wiki/WBMX_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="WBMX (FM)">WBMX-FM</a>, where Program Director Lee Michaels gave airtime to the station's resident DJ team, the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Mix_5" title="Hot Mix 5">Hot Mix 5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ralphi_Rosario" title="Ralphi Rosario">Ralphi Rosario</a>, Mickey "Mixin" Oliver, Scott "Smokin" Silz, Kenny "Jammin" Jason, and Farley "Jackmaster" Funk). The Hot Mix 5 shows started with the station's launch in 1981, and was widely listened to by DJs and dance music fans in Chicago as well as visiting DJs and producers from Detroit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the songs that defined the Chicago house music sound were released primarily on vinyl by the labels <a href="/wiki/DJ_International_Records" title="DJ International Records">DJ International Records</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trax_Records" title="Trax Records">Trax Records</a>, both of which had distribution outside of Chicago, leading to house's popularity in other cities, including New York and London. </p><p>Trends in house music soon became subgenres, such as the lush, slower-tempo <a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">deep house</a>, and the stark, especially hypnotic <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">acid house</a>. Deep house's origins can be traced to Chicago producer <a href="/wiki/Larry_Heard" title="Larry Heard">Mr Fingers</a>'s jazzy, soulful recordings "<a href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Love_(Larry_Heard_song)" title="Mystery of Love (Larry Heard song)">Mystery of Love</a>" (1985) and "<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_It%3F_(Larry_Heard_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Can You Feel It? (Larry Heard song)">Can You Feel It?</a>" (1986),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which, according to author Richie Unterberger, moved house music away from its "<a href="/wiki/Posthuman" title="Posthuman">posthuman</a> tendencies back towards the lush" <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soulful</a> sound of early <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acid house arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy <a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">Roland TB-303</a> <a href="/wiki/Bass_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass synthesizer">bass synthesizer</a>, and the style's earliest release on vinyl is generally cited as <a href="/wiki/Phuture" title="Phuture">Phuture</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Acid_Tracks" title="Acid Tracks">Acid Tracks</a>" (1987). Phuture, a group founded by Nathan "<a href="/wiki/DJ_Pierre" title="DJ Pierre">DJ Pierre</a>" Jones, Earl "Spanky" Smith Jr., and Herbert "Herb J" Jackson, is credited with having been the first to use the TB-303 in the house music context.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group's 12-minute "Acid Tracks" was recorded to tape and was played by DJ <a href="/wiki/Ron_Hardy" title="Ron Hardy">Ron Hardy</a> at the Music Box, where Hardy was resident DJ. Hardy once played it four times over the course of an evening until the crowd responded favorably.<sup id="cite_ref-cheeseman_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheeseman-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The track also utilized a <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-707" title="Roland TR-707">Roland TR-707</a> drum machine. </p><p>Chicago house music was being licensed to UK Labels by DJ International, Trax, KMS and the Transmat record labels, and with that the music began to expand throughout Europe. Especially the "Jack Trax" compilations, starting in 1987, helped to make rare house records from the U.S. available cheaply in Europe. </p><p>Several house tracks became #1 hits on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a>, starting with Chicago musician <a href="/wiki/Steve_%22Silk%22_Hurley" title="Steve "Silk" Hurley">Steve "Silk" Hurley</a>'s "Jack Your Body" (1987). The first house record considered to be a major hit overseas is "<a href="/wiki/Love_Can%27t_Turn_Around" title="Love Can't Turn Around">Love Can't Turn Around</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Farley_%22Jackmaster%22_Funk" title="Farley "Jackmaster" Funk">Farley "Jackmaster" Funk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Saunders" title="Jesse Saunders">Jesse Saunders</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Darryl_Pandy" title="Darryl Pandy">Darryl Pandy</a>, which peaked at #10 in the UK Singles Chart in 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_to_Garage_and_Techno">Relationship to Garage and Techno</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship to Garage and Techno"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the same time as house was becoming big in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, other related genres were forming in other major U.S. cities. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a>' <i>A Tale of Three Cities</i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the first chapter of his book <i><a href="/wiki/Energy_Flash" title="Energy Flash">Energy Flash</a></i>) looked at the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> in Detroit, house in Chicago, and <a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">garage</a> in New York City and the reasons why the cultures took off like they did. Detroit was a unique urban area where industrial jobs had placed blacks and whites in the same economic situations, and this led to the <a href="/wiki/Europhilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Europhilia">Europhilia</a> of these black youths and popularity of techno music. It was an attempt "to distance themselves from the kids that were coming up in the projects, in the ghetto." (Reynolds, p. 5) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subculture">Subculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicago house aesthetic shared its look with other outsider hip hop and punk subcultures; however, the "indisputable sign of house-ness" came to be a "Ralph Lauren preppie meets English country gentleman style, with cardigans, woolen jodhpurs and riding boots."<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_club_scene">The club scene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The club scene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When these house clubs and parties started to appeal to a wider audience, it was similar to the past disco culture in New York City. Both genres originated catering to very specific subcultures and when the popularity grew it changed the whole scene. The posting of 'no jits' signs was "to make them feel unwanted. And that was when the scene started to self-destruct." However, even though there are definitely parallels between house and disco clubs, this seemed more like a reversal of roles. The more elitist house listeners did not want to dilute their clubs and culture. Pages 230-248 of Brewster & Broughton's <i>Last Night a DJ Saved My Life</i><sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also looked at the rise of the house scene in Chicago. Through showing <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Knuckles" title="Frankie Knuckles">Frankie Knuckles</a> club, it gave a look at the club scene that was taking place and the energetic, sweaty, drug-fueled parties that house embodied. "House was a feeling, a rebellious musical taste, a way of declaring yourself in the know," (Broughton 242). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_styles">Dance styles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dance styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_dance" title="House dance">House dance</a></div> <p>At least three styles of dancing are associated with house music: <a href="/wiki/Jacking" title="Jacking">Jacking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Footwork_(genre)" title="Footwork (genre)">Footwork</a>, and Lofting.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These styles include a variety of techniques and sub-styles, including skating, stomping, and <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance_technique#Steps_with_two_sounds" title="Tap dance technique">shuffle steps</a> (also see <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Shuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Shuffle">Melbourne Shuffle</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> House music dancing styles can include movements from many other forms of dance, such as and <a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">slamdancing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Waacking" title="Waacking">waacking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(dance)" title="Vogue (dance)">voguing</a>, African, Latin, Brazilian (including <a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">Capoeira</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">jazz dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Hop" title="Lindy Hop">Lindy Hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">tap dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> House dancing is concerned with the sensuality of the body and setting oneself free in <a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(emotion)" title="Ecstasy (emotion)">ecstasy</a> — without the worry of outside barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the primary elements in house dancing is "the jack" or "<a href="/wiki/Jacking" title="Jacking">jacking</a>" — a style created in the early days of Chicago house that left its trace in numerous record titles such as "Time to Jack" by <a href="/wiki/Chip_E." title="Chip E.">Chip E.</a> from the "Jack Trax" EP (1985), "Jack’n the House" (1985) by <a href="/wiki/Farley_%22Jackmaster%22_Funk" title="Farley "Jackmaster" Funk">Farley "Jackmaster" Funk</a> (1985) or "<a href="/wiki/Jack_Your_Body" title="Jack Your Body">Jack Your Body</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Steve_%22Silk%22_Hurley" title="Steve "Silk" Hurley">Steve "Silk" Hurley</a> (1986). It involves moving the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> forward and backward in a rippling motion matching to the beat of the music, as if a wave were passing through it. All footwork in house dancing is said to initiate from the way the jack moves the center of gravity through space.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_diaspora">Influence and diaspora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence and diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg/220px-Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg/330px-Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg/440px-Honorary_Frankie_Knuckles_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption> An honorary <a href="/wiki/Street_name_sign" title="Street name sign">street name sign</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> for <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Knuckles" title="Frankie Knuckles">Frankie Knuckles</a>. </figcaption></figure> <p>House, perhaps more than any other form of Black music, has birthed many offshoots and spread its sound far and wide. The prevalence of four on the floor beats in dance music is largely derived from house. It has influenced, in some capacity, <a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jungle_music" title="Jungle music">Jungle music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">Dubstep</a>, and even certain elements of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More direct offshoots of house (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid house</a>) are also notable for their own offshoots that extend the Chicago variant's family tree. </p><p>House also partakes in aspects of the musical traditions of other sounds. Most notable is the influence it takes from disco—genre progenitor <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Knuckles" title="Frankie Knuckles">Frankie Knuckles</a> was himself a relocated New York <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a> DJ. In many senses, house was a low-budget re-creation of disco, using synthesizers, sequencers, and samplers in the stead of orchestras and live performers. Disco also participated, to a less notable extent, in the soundsystem culture of typically Caribbean forms of dance music.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_(nightclub)" title="Warehouse (nightclub)">Warehouse</a>, Chicago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trax_Records" title="Trax Records">Trax Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Zanzibar" title="Club Zanzibar">Club Zanzibar</a> (black electronic-music venue in 1980s-era <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>General:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_record_labels" title="Chicago record labels">Chicago record labels</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/Jesse-Saunders-On-And-On/master/8442">"Jesse Saunders - On And On"</a>. <i>Discogs</i>. 1984<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs&rft.atitle=Jesse+Saunders+-+On+And+On&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FJesse-Saunders-On-And-On%2Fmaster%2F8442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of African American Music</i>, Volume 3 (ABC-CLIO), pg. 405, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313342004" title="Special:BookSources/9780313342004">9780313342004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Queer-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Queer_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerstner2012" class="citation book cs1">Gerstner, David A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=851qoMjA3icC&pg=PA154"><i>Routledge International Encyclopedia of Queer Culture</i></a>. Routledge. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136761812" title="Special:BookSources/9781136761812"><bdi>9781136761812</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+International+Encyclopedia+of+Queer+Culture&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781136761812&rft.aulast=Gerstner&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D851qoMjA3icC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BWTS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BWTS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walters, Barry (1986): k <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spin.com/2014/04/burning-down-the-house-chicago-club-80s/">Burning Down the House</a>. <i>SPIN magazine</i>. Retrieved 2014-04-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice,_IIIKernodleMaxille2010" class="citation book cs1">Price, III, Emmett G.; Kernodle, Tammy; Maxille, Horace (2010). <i>Encyclopedia of African American Music</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313341991" title="Special:BookSources/9780313341991"><bdi>9780313341991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+American+Music&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780313341991&rft.aulast=Price%2C+III&rft.aufirst=Emmett+G.&rft.au=Kernodle%2C+Tammy&rft.au=Maxille%2C+Horace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ripit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ripit_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2009" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Simon (2009). <i>Rip it Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984</i>. Faber & Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780571252275" title="Special:BookSources/9780571252275"><bdi>9780571252275</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rip+it+Up+and+Start+Again%3A+Postpunk+1978%E2%80%931984&rft.pub=Faber+%26+Faber&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780571252275&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span>. Quote: "Turning its back on the idea of dance, indie rock (with a few notable exceptions) was determinedly funkless in the mid-to late eighties. In 1988, that side of postpunk began to reemerge from the gay, Black Chicago house scene."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rachel-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rachel_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rachel_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125445/http://thump.vice.com/words/the-punk-rocker-who-accidentally-made-house-happen">"The Punk Rocker Who Made Chicago House Happen"</a>. VICE Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thump.vice.com/words/the-punk-rocker-who-accidentally-made-house-happen">the original</a> on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Punk+Rocker+Who+Made+Chicago+House+Happen&rft.pub=VICE+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthump.vice.com%2Fwords%2Fthe-punk-rocker-who-accidentally-made-house-happen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brewster-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewster_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewster1999" class="citation book cs1">Brewster, Bill (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastnightdjsaved00brew"><i>Last Night a DJ Saved My Life</i></a></span>. Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802136886" title="Special:BookSources/9780802136886"><bdi>9780802136886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Night+a+DJ+Saved+My+Life&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780802136886&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastnightdjsaved00brew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EuropeanConnection-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EuropeanConnection_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EuropeanConnection_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rietveld, Hillegonda C. (1998). <i>This is our House: House Music, Cultural Spaces and Technologies</i>, Aldershot Ashgate. Reissue: London/New York: Routledge 2018/2020. Quote: "Like disco, house music has been produced by and for both an American and European home market, which may be due to the fact that house music is part of a dialogue between African-American soul and disco on one hand and North European electronic body music and its variants on the other, with a generous helping of Italian disco thrown in along the way."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, Glenn A. (1992). <i>House Music's Development and the East-coast Underground Scene</i>, University of Wisconsin--Madison, p. 122, <b>(unpublished)</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DanceEnergy-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DanceEnergy_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DanceEnergy_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, Simon (2012). <i>Energy Flash: A Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture</i>. Soft Skull Press. p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593764777" title="Special:BookSources/9781593764777">9781593764777</a>. Quote: "Perhaps the most prophetic of the early eighties avant-funk outfits was Diisseldorf's D.A.F, who began as an experimental industrial unit, then stripped down their chaotic sound to a harsh, homoerotic avant-disco influenced by the New Savagery ideas of artist Joseph Beuys. On their three Virgin albums, the inelastic synth-pulses and frigid frenzy of the beats uncannily anticipate acid house. D.A.F. and the similar group Liaisons Dangereuses actually had some currency in the early Chicago scene."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1999" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Simon (1999). <i>Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of House Music and Rave Culture</i>. Routledge. pp. 27–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generation+Ecstasy%3A+Into+the+World+of+House+Music+and+Rave+Culture&rft.pages=27-31&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders2010-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saunders2010_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch2010" class="citation web cs1">Church, Terry (2010-02-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319010020/http://www.beatportal.com/feed/item/black-history-jesse-saunders-and-house-music/">"Black History Month: Jesse Saunders and house music"</a>. BeatPortal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beatportal.com/feed/item/black-history-jesse-saunders-and-house-music/">the original</a> on 2012-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+History+Month%3A+Jesse+Saunders+and+house+music&rft.pub=BeatPortal&rft.date=2010-02-09&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beatportal.com%2Ffeed%2Fitem%2Fblack-history-jesse-saunders-and-house-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/Jesse-Saunders-On-And-On/release/176575">"Jesse Saunders – On And On"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a>. 20 January 1984<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesse+Saunders+%E2%80%93+On+And+On&rft.pub=Discogs&rft.date=1984-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FJesse-Saunders-On-And-On%2Frelease%2F176575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2016/09/instrumental-instruments-909">"Instrumental Instruments: 909"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instrumental+Instruments%3A+909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.redbullmusicacademy.com%2F2016%2F09%2Finstrumental-instruments-909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/bma7eq/synth-roland-juno-feature">"The Story of the Synth that Changed Pop Forever"</a>. 27 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Synth+that+Changed+Pop+Forever&rft.date=2016-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fbma7eq%2Fsynth-roland-juno-feature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2005" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Heiko (2005-11-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128233752/http://pitchfork.com/features/articles/6204-from-the-autobahn-to-i-94/">"From The Autobahn to I-94"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitchfork.com/features/articles/6204-from-the-autobahn-to-i-94/">the original</a> on 2016-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=From+The+Autobahn+to+I-94&rft.date=2005-11-28&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Heiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Farticles%2F6204-from-the-autobahn-to-i-94%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqbal2008" class="citation web cs1">Iqbal, Mohson (31 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.residentadvisor.net/feature.aspx?875">"Larry Heard: Soul survivor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Resident_Advisor" title="Resident Advisor">Resident Advisor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resident+Advisor&rft.atitle=Larry+Heard%3A+Soul+survivor&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft.aulast=Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Mohson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.residentadvisor.net%2Ffeature.aspx%3F875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnterberger1999" class="citation book cs1">Unterberger, Richie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uwtAx1xP9BMC&pg=PA265"><i>Music USA: The Rough Guide</i></a>. London: Rough Guides. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/185828421X" title="Special:BookSources/185828421X"><bdi>185828421X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+USA%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.place=London&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=185828421X&rft.aulast=Unterberger&rft.aufirst=Richie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuwtAx1xP9BMC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2000" class="citation book cs1">Shapiro, Peter (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modulationshisto00shap"><i>Modulations: A History of Electronic Music</i></a></span>. Caipirinha Productions Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modulationshisto00shap/page/32">32</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8195-6498-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8195-6498-2"><bdi>0-8195-6498-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modulations%3A+A+History+of+Electronic+Music&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Caipirinha+Productions+Inc.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8195-6498-2&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodulationshisto00shap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cheeseman-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cheeseman_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheeseman, Phil. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://music.hyperreal.org/library/history_of_house.html">The History Of House</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brewster</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewsterBroughton2000" class="citation book cs1">Brewster, Bill; Broughton, Frank (2000). <i>Last Night a DJ Saved my Life</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Night+a+DJ+Saved+my+Life&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Broughton%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChicago+house" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_house&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821212357/http://www.globaldarkness.com/articles/history_of_chicago_house.htm">Stuart Cosgrove: History of Chicago House Music</a> (1988)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321215250/http://www.timlawrence.info/linernotes/2005/acidhousesj.php">Tim Lawrence: Acid – Can You Jack?</a> – On the early history of Chicago house (2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.5chicago.com/">5 Magazine</a> - Chicago House Music magazine</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BlackMusicHistory" title="Template:BlackMusicHistory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BlackMusicHistory" title="Template talk:BlackMusicHistory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BlackMusicHistory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BlackMusicHistory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Black_American_music_(timeline)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Black American music</a> (timeline)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a></i> series</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Early 20th century</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_and_response" title="Call and response">Call and response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_holler" title="Field holler">Field holler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">Spirituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">Boogie-woogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">Rapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1940s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">Doo-wop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1950s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1960s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Motown_(music_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown (music style)">Motown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_soul" title="Psychedelic soul">Psychedelic soul</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1970s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-go" title="Go-go">Go-go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage house</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1980s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1990s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_soul" title="Neo soul">Neo soul</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>2000s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_music" title="Snap music">Snap music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphy" title="Hyphy">Hyphy</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>2010s</b><br /> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music">Trap music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_music" title="Drill music">Drill music</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: white;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">Urban (industry term)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Elsewhere</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:94%; font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_music" title="Category:African-American music"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/28px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/42px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg/56px-Musical_note_nicu_bucule_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rhythm_and_blues" title="Portal:Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_music" title="Template:House music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_music" title="Template talk:House music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_house_music" title="Styles of house music">Subgenres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_house" title="Ambient house">Ambient house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_house_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass house (genre)">Bass house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)" title="Bassline (music genre)">Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_culture#Music" title="Ball culture">Ballroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">Deep house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Disco house">Disco house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_house" title="Diva house">Diva house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbag" title="Hardbag">Hardbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">Electro house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_room_house" title="Big room house">Big room house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complextro" class="mw-redirect" title="Complextro">Complextro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidget_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidget house">Fidget house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_house" title="Funky house">Funky house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_house" title="Future house">Future house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Juke house">Juke house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz house">Jazz house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic house">Melodic house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microhouse" title="Microhouse">Microhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_house" title="Outsider house">Outsider house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Lo-fi house">Lo-fi house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slap_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Slap house">Slap house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulful_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Soulful house">Soulful house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_house" title="Tech house">Tech house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_house" title="Tribal house">Tribal house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_house" title="Tropical house">Tropical house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_hard_house" title="UK hard house">UK hard house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_NRG" title="Hard NRG">Hard NRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumping_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumping house">Pumping house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbass" title="Hardbass">Hardbass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouse_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Scouse house">Scouse house</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro_house" title="Afro house">Afro house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_beat" title="Balearic beat">Balearic beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian bass">Brazilian bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changa_tuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Changa tuki">Changa tuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_hard_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago hard house">Chicago hard house</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicago house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch house">Dutch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurohouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurohouse">Eurohouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_house" title="Italo house">Italo house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club" title="Jersey club">Jersey club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">Latin house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne bounce">Melbourne bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_beat" title="New beat">New beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_sound" title="New Jersey sound">New Jersey sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">Big beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">Chill-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_trance" title="Dream trance">Dream trance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_swing" title="Electro swing">Electro swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(genre)" title="Footwork (genre)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle terror">Jungle terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard dance">Hard dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moombahcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahcore">Moombahcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahsoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahsoul">Moombahsoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu-disco" title="Nu-disco">Nu-disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">Witch house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance moves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_dance" title="Electro dance">Electro dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(dance)" title="Footwork (dance)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacking" title="Jacking">Jacking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post-disco" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-disco" title="Template:Post-disco"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-disco" title="Template talk:Post-disco"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-disco" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-disco"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post-disco" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">Post-disco</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boogie_(genre)" title="Boogie (genre)">Boogie</a> connection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> connection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">EBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a> connection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro/cosmic_music" title="Afro/cosmic music">Afro-cosmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-disco_artists_and_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of post-disco artists and songs">Post-disco artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance-rock_artists" title="List of dance-rock artists">dance-rock artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance-pop_artists" title="List of dance-pop artists">dance-pop artists</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Levan" title="Larry Levan">Larry Levan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/P-Funk" class="mw-redirect" title="P-Funk">P-Funk</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Disco_Not_Disco" title="Disco Not Disco">Disco Not Disco</a></i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Disco_Demolition_Night" title="Disco Demolition Night">Disco Demolition Night</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nu-disco" title="Nu-disco">Nu-disco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Old-school_hip_hop" title="Old-school hip hop">Old-school hip hop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Future funk</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Categories:</b> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dance-rock" title="Category:Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Boogie_(genre)" title="Category:Boogie (genre)">Boogie</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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