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-moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: white; border-bottom: none; font-weight:bold;" width="23%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Портал</a></td><td class="onglet" style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid"> </td><td class="onglet" style="text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: #7100c4;" width="23%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жоба:Ғылым (мұндай бет жоқ)">Жоба</a></td><td class="onglet" style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid"> </td><td class="onglet" style="text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: #7100c4;" width="23%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жоба талқылауы:Ғылым (мұндай бет жоқ)">Талқылау</a></td><td class="onglet" style="width: 2%; border-bottom: 2px solid"> </td><td class="onglet" style="text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0 0; padding:0.3em; border: 2px solid; font-size: 110%; background-color: #7100c4;" width="23%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жоба:Ғылым/Қатысушылар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қатысушылар</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="border:2px solid; padding: .5em 1em 1em 1em; border-top: none; background-color:white; color:#000;zoom: 1"><div style="padding:0.3ex;"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Ғылыми_портал" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D2.92.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span><big><big>Ғылыми портал</big></big></h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Molecular_Modeling.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ғылым"><img alt="Ғылым" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Molecular_Modeling.png/200px-Molecular_Modeling.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Molecular_Modeling.png/300px-Molecular_Modeling.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Molecular_Modeling.png/400px-Molecular_Modeling.png 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="1628" /></a><figcaption>Ғылым</figcaption></figure> <table class="cquote" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color:inherit; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"><i>Біздің өміріміздегі ең түсініксізі — оның түсінікті болуы</i> <p><i></i> </p> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><p style="font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Альберт Эйнштейн">Альберт Эйнштейн</a></cite></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ғылым</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Араб тілі">араб.</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">علم</span>‎ (ілім)— <i>білім</i>, <i>тану</i>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латын тілі">лат.</a> <span lang="la"><i>scientia</i></span> — <i>білім</i>) — ақиқат жайлы объективті білімдерді жетілдіру мен жүйелеуге бағытталған адам іс-әрекетінің саласы, жалпы мағынасы: жүйелік <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Білім">білім</a> мен тәжірибе. Арнайы мағынасы — <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D3%99%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81" title="Ғылыми әдіс">ғылыми жолмен</a> жинақталған білім жүйесі, сонымен қатар зерттеумен келген ретті білім жинағы. </p><p>Негізінен ғылымдарды екі санатқа бөледі: </p> <ul><li>Жаратылыс құбылыстарын (биологиялық өмірді қоса) зерттейтін <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жаратылыстану ғылымдары">жаратылыстану ғылымдары</a> және</li> <li>Адамзат өмірі мен қоғамдарын зерттейтін <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гуманитарлық ғылымдар">гуманитарлық ғылымдар</a>.</li></ul> <p>Бұл санаттар эмпирикалық ғылымдар болып табылады, яғни ондағы білім табиғатта көруге және зерттеушілердің әлдебір шарттарда тәжірибе арқылы тексеруге болатын құбылыстарға негізделген. </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Пәндік_аймақ" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.9F.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B4.D1.96.D0.BA_.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.9B"></span>Пәндік аймақ</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <center> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Ғылым">Ғылым дегеніміз не?</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ғылым классификациясы">Ғылымдар сатысы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Санат:Ғылыми заңдар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ғылыми заңдардың тізімі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Физикалық заңдар">Физикалық заңдар тізімі</a></b> </p> </center> <div style="float:left; width:50%"> <div style="float:left; width:50%"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Cono_truncado.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cono_truncado.svg/143px-Cono_truncado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cono_truncado.svg/215px-Cono_truncado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cono_truncado.svg/286px-Cono_truncado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="420" /></a></span><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Формалды ғылым">Формалды ғылымдар</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика">логика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика">математика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Информатика">информатика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статистика">статистика</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="float:right; width:50%"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg/150px-Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg/225px-Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg/300px-Transition_d%C3%A9mographique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="330" /></a></span><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Әлеуметтік ғылымдар">Әлеуметтік ғылымдар</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология">антропология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих">тарих</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Әлеуметтану">социология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Құқық">құқық</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Саясаттану">саясаттану</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Мәдениеттану">мәдениеттану</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика">экономика</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Гуманитарлық ғылымдар">Гуманитарлық ғылымдар</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингвистика">лингвистика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Психология">психология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Әдебиеттану">әдебиеттану</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Педагогика">педагогика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика">этика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эстетика">эстетика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Журналистика">журналистика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Филология">филология</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:50%"> <div style="float:left; width:50%"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Human_genome.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Human_genome.png/170px-Human_genome.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Human_genome.png/255px-Human_genome.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Human_genome.png/340px-Human_genome.png 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="358" /></a></span><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жаратылыстану ғылымдары">Жаратылыстану ғылымдары</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антропология">антропология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия">астрономия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биология">биология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ветеринария">ветеринария</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География">география</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология">геология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицина</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Метеорология">метеорология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Океанология">океанология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химия</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="float:right; width:50%"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:SWR_Meter.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SWR_Meter.svg/130px-SWR_Meter.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SWR_Meter.svg/195px-SWR_Meter.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SWR_Meter.svg/260px-SWR_Meter.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Техникалық ғылымдар">Техникалық ғылымдар</a></b>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Архитектура">архитектура</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биотехнология">биотехнология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Информатика">информатика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кибернетика">кибернетика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Космонавтика">космонавтика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Материалтану">материалтану</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Механика">механика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Системотехника">системотехника</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химиялық технология">химиялық технология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Электротехника">электротехника</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Энергетика">энергетика</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="float:left; width:61%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Таңдаулы_мақала" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0"></span>Таңдаулы мақала</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit,_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam,_1543..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG/150px-Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG/225px-Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG/300px-Charta_ex_qva_figvram_parare_convenit%2C_illi_qvae_nervorvm_seriem_exprimit_appendendam%2C_1543..JPG 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анатомия">Анатомия</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Грек тілі">гр.</a> <span lang="el"><i>ἀνα</i></span> - үстінен + <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Грек тілі">гр.</a> <span lang="el"><i>τέμνω</i></span>- кесем — бөлшектеу, кесу, іреу) — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тірі (мұндай бет жоқ)">тірі</a> организмдердің үлкейткіш аспаптардың көмегінсіз көзге көрінетін қүрылысын зерттейтін іргелі (фундаментальды) биологиялық морфологиялық ғылым. Анатомия — зертгеу нысандарына байланысты <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жануарлар">жануарлар</a> және өсімдіктер анатомиясы болып екіге бөлінеді. Жануарлар анатомиясынан <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам">адам</a> анатомиясы жеке ғылым саласы ретінде бөлінді. </p><p>Адам мен жануарлардың қалыпты анатомиясы көптеген ғылыми салалардан тұрады: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Остеология">остеология</a> — сүйектер жүйесі туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Синдесмология">синдесмология</a> — сүйектер байланыстары туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Миология">миология</a> - бұлшықеттер туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дерматология">дерматология</a> тері жабыны және онын туындылары туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Спланхнология">спланхнология</a> — ішкі ағзалар туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эндокринология">эндокринология</a> — ішкі секреция бездері туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ангиология">ангиология</a> — тамырлар жүйесі (қанайналым, лимфаайналым, қантүзу мүшелері) туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неврология">неврология</a> — жүйке жүйесі туралы ілім</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эстезиология (мұндай бет жоқ)">эстезиология</a> — сезім мүшелері туралы ілім.</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%3F&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Сіз_білесіз_бе?…" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.96.D0.B7_.D0.B1.D1.96.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.96.D0.B7_.D0.B1.D0.B5.3F.E2.80.A6"></span>Сіз білесіз бе?…</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Вакуум туралы">Вакуум туралы</a> алғашқы ғылыми еңбекті <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80_%D3%98%D0%BB-%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Әбу Насыр Әл-Фараби">Әбу Насыр Әл-Фараби</a> жазған.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Андрей Константинович Гейм">Андрей Гейм</a> 2000 жылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Шнобель сыйлығы">шнобель сыйлығын</a> алып, 10 жылдан кейін <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Нобель сыйлығы">нобель сыйлығына</a> да қол жеткізді.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Тығыздық">Тығыздығы</a> ең төмен зат <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Графен">графендік</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Аэрогель">аэрогель</a> (аэрографен) болып саналады.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Газ-плазмалық мониторлар">Газ-плазмалық мониторлардың</a> жарығы <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ультракүлгін сәулелену">ультракүлгін сәулеленуінің</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Люминофор">люминофорға</a> әсер етуінен пайда болады.</li> <li>Адамның <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8" title="Ми">миында</a> 100 миллиардқа жуық <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Нейрон">нейрон</a> бар, оның жартысы дерлік <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Мишық">мишықта</a> орналасқан.</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Ғылым_жаңалықтары" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D2.92.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.8B.D0.BC_.D0.B6.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8B.D2.9B.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Ғылым жаңалықтары</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <ul><li>Қазан — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Нобель сыйлығы">Нобель сыйлығы</a> биологиядан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="МикроРНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">микроРНҚ</a> ашқаны үшін, физикадан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96,_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96,_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нейрондық желі, нейрожелі, жасанды нейронды желі">нейрожелілердің</a> машиналық үйренуін дамытқаны үшін, химиядан <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Ақуыз">ақуыздық</a> қосылыстардың жаңа құрылымдарын болжамдауы үшін берілді.</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b><small>Ақпарат бергіңіз келеді ме? <a href="https://kk.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83" class="extiw" title="n:Уикижаңалықтар:Жаңалық қосу">Уикижүргізуші бол!</a></small></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:38%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0/1&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Таңдаулы_тұлға" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.A3.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8B_.D1.82.D2.B1.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0"></span>Таңдаулы тұлға</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Satpaev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/thumb/4/41/Satpaev.jpg/125px-Satpaev.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/kk/4/41/Satpaev.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="223" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Қаныш Имантайұлы Сәтбаев">Қаныш Сәтбаев</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/12_%D1%81%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80" title="12 сәуір">12 сәуір</a> <a href="/wiki/1899_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1899 жыл">1899 жылы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Баянауыл ауданы">Баянауыл ауданы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Павлодар облысы">Павлодар облысы</a> - <a href="/wiki/31_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="31 қаңтар">31 қаңтар</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1964 жыл">1964 жылы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Мәскеу">Мәскеу</a>) — геолог-ғалым, минерология ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, академик. <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Қазақстан Республикасының Ұлттық ғылым академиясы">Қазақ КСР Ғылым академиясын</a> ұйымдастырушы және оның тұңғыш президенті, Кеңес Одағының және Қазақстанның <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Металлогения">металлогения</a> мектебінің негізін қалаушы, қазақтан шыққан тұңғыш академик. </p><p>Ғалымның негізгі ғылыми еңбектері кентасты кендер <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология">геологиясы</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Қазақстанның пайдалы қазбалары">Қазақстанның минералды ресурстарына</a> арналған. <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B7%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жезқазған">Жезқазған</a> кенін зерттеу және <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Орталық Қазақстан">Орталық Қазақстанның</a> (Сарыарқаның) металлогендік және болжам картасын жасауда көп еңбек сіңірген. Ол ғылымға формациялық металлогендік анализдің кешендік әдісін енгізген. <a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>-<a href="/wiki/1929" class="mw-redirect" title="1929">1929</a> жылдары кені мардымсыз өңір болып саналған Жезқазғанды ірі мыс кентасты аудан қатарына көтеруде Сәтбаевтың еңбегі өте зор болды. Бұрынғы геологиялық деректерге терең талдау жасап, бұл кен ауданының кең көлемдегі геологиялық-барлау жұмыстарын ұйымдастыруға болатын ірі нысан екенін дәлелдеген. Минералдық шикізаттарға бай <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B)" title="Сарыарқа (Солтүстік Қазақ жазығы)">Сарыарқа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кенді Алтай">Кенді Алтай</a> және басқа да аймақтарды ерекше назар аударып зерттеген. <a href="/wiki/1927" class="mw-redirect" title="1927">1927</a>-<a href="/wiki/1928" class="mw-redirect" title="1928">1928</a> жылдары – Жезқазған, Қарсақбай, Атбасар, Спасск аудандары, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Қарағанды көмір бассейні">Қарағанды тас көмір алабы</a> және <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Қаратау полиметалл белдеуі">Қаратау полиметалл кендері</a> жөнінде ғылыми маңызды еңбектер жариялаған. 1929 жылы <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Атасу кенді ауданы">Атасу</a> темір-марганец кендерін игерудің негізінде Қарағанды облысында <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Қара металлургия">қара металлургия</a> өнеркәсібін дамыту туралы мәселе көтерген. Жезқазған – Ұлытау ауданында <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Мыс">мыстан</a> басқа <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Темір">темір</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Марганец">марганец</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Көмір">көмір</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қорғасын">қорғасын</a> кендерін ашып, барлау нәтижесінде маңызды геологиялық қорытындылар жасаған. <a href="/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ұлы Отан соғысы">Ұлы Отан соғысы</a> жылдарында танк бронын құюға қажет марганец тапшылығы туған кезде Сәтбаевтың жетекшілік етуімен өте қысқа мерзімде <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Жезді марганец кен орны">Жезді марганец кені</a> барланып, іске қосылған. </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color: white">өңдеу</span></a>   </div><h2 id="Жобаға_қалай_көмектесе_аласыз" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em; color:white;"><span id=".D0.96.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.B0.D2.93.D0.B0_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D0.BA.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B5_.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.B7"></span>Жобаға қалай көмектесе аласыз</h2> </div> <div style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-top-width: 1px; vertical-align: top;background: white;opacity: 1; color: black; text-align: left; margin: 0 0 10px; padding: 1em;padding-top: .3em;"> <ul style="font-size:89%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Мақала">Мақалалардағы</a> қателерді түзетіп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уикипедия">Уикипедияның</a> жалпы сапасын көтеруге үлес қосыңыз.</li> <li>Бар мақалаларға толықтырулар енгізіп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Санаттар">санаттар</a> мен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уикипедия:Үлгілер">үлгілер</a> арқылы портал орамдылылығын күшейтіңіз.</li> <li>Мәтінде кездесетін қызыл сілтемелерді толтырып, мақалалар санын көбейтіңіз.</li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Логика">Логика</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Логика түрлері</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Формал логика">Формал логика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математикалық логика">Математикалық логика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бейформал логика">Бейформал логика</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Философиялық логика (мұндай бет жоқ)">Философиялық логика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Металогика">Металогика</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Негізгі ұғымдар</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Абдукция (логика) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Абдукция</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Анализ және синтез">Анализ және синтез</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Анықтама">Анықтама</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Аргумент">Аргумент</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Атау">Атау</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Дәлелдеу">Дәлелдеу</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Дедуктивті пайымдау">Дедукция</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Индуктивті пайымдау">Индукция</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Традукция (мұндай бет жоқ)">Традукция</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Импликация">Импликация</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қажетті және жеткілікті шарттар">Қажетті және жеткілікті шарттар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Қарама-қайшылық">Қарама-қайшылық</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Парадокс">Парадокс</a> / <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Антиномия">Антиномия</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Ақиқаттылық мән">Логикалық ақиқаттылық</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Логикалық константа (мұндай бет жоқ)">Логикалық константа</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Логикалық синтаксис">Логикалық синтаксис</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Логикалық формалар">Логикалық формалар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Тұжырымдау">Тұжырымдау</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ойтүйін">Ойтүйін</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сипаттама">Сипаттама</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Ықтималдық">Ықтималдық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Эквиваленттілік">Эквиваленттілік</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Сыни ойлау">Сыни ойлау</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Тізімдер</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Санат:Логиктер">Санат:Логиктер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Логикалық заңдар">Логикалық заңдар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Логикалық қателер">Логикалық қателер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Логикалық таңбалар тізімі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Логикалық таңбалар тізімі</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Психология">Психология</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Психология салалары</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жалпы психология">Жалпы психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Арнайы психология">Арнайы психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Әлеуметтік психология">Әлеуметтік психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Бихевиоризм">Бихевиоризм</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гештальт психология">Гештальт психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гуманистік психология">Гуманистік психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Даму психологиясы">Даму психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Даралық психологиясы">Даралық психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Когнитивтік психология">Когнитивтік психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81-%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кросс-мәдениеттік этнопсихология">Кросс-мәдениеттік этнопсихология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Психоанализ">Психоанализ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Психогенетика">Психогенетика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Психодиагностика">Психодиагностика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Психолингвистика">Психолингвистика</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Психофизиология">Психофизиология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Салыстырмалы психология">Салыстырмалы психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Тұлға психологиясы">Тұлға психологиясы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эволюциялық психология (мұндай бет жоқ)">Эволюциялық психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экзистенциялық психология">Экзистенциялық психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экологиялық психология">Экологиялық психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Эксперименттік психология">Эксперименттік психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Этнопсихология">Этнопсихология</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Қолданбалы психология</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Әскери психология">Әскери психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бала психологиясы">Бала психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Басқару психологиясы">Басқару психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Дін психологиясы">Дін психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D2%A3%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Еңбек психологиясы">Еңбек психологиясы</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Жол қозғалысындағы психология (мұндай бет жоқ)">Жол қозғалысындағы психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Заң психологиясы">Заң психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Инженерлік психология">Инженерлік психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Клиникалық психология">Клиникалық психология</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Медиапсихология (мұндай бет жоқ)">Медиапсихология</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нейропсихология (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нейропсихология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Отбасы психологиясы">Отбасы психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Патологиялық психология">Патологиялық психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Педагогикалық психология">Педагогикалық психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Психологиялық кеңес">Психологиялық кеңес</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Психометрия">Психометрия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Психотерапия">Психотерапия</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сауда психологиясы">Сауда психологиясы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Саяси психология">Саяси психология</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Спорт психологиясы">Спорт психологиясы</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Қосымша</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Психологтар">Санат:Психологтар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Психология тарихы">Психология тарихы</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83_%D3%99%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Психологияның зерттеу әдістері">Психологияның зерттеу әдістері</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Жүйке жүйесі">Жүйке жүйесі</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Орталық жүйке жүйесі">Орталық жүйке жүйесі</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Ми қабығы">Ми қабықтары</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Жұлын">Жұлын</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8" title="Ми">Ми</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Артқы ми">Артқы ми</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сопақша ми">Сопақша ми</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ми көпірі">Ми көпірі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Мишық">Мишық</a>)</small> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Ортаңғы ми">Ортаңғы ми</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Алдыңғы ми">Алдыңғы ми</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Аралық ми">Аралық ми</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Торлы қабық">Торлы қабық</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Көру жүйкесі">Көру жүйкесі</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D2%A3%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Соңғы ми">Соңғы ми</a>)</small> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Лимбика жүйесі">Лимбика жүйесі</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Шеткі жүйке жүйесі">Шеткі жүйке жүйесі</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Соматикалық жүйке жүйесі">Соматикалық</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сезу жүйкелері (мұндай бет жоқ)">Сезу жүйкелері</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қозғалу жүйкелері (мұндай бет жоқ)">Қозғалу жүйкелері</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ми жүйкелері">Ми жүйкелері</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Жұлын жүйкелері">Жұлын жүйкелері</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Автономдық жүйке жүйесі">Автономдық</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Симпатикалық жүйке жүйесі">Симпатикалық жүйке жүйесі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Парасимпатикалық жүйке жүйесі">Парасимпатикалық жүйке жүйесі</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Энтерикалық жүйке жүйесі (мұндай бет жоқ)">Энтерикалық жүйке жүйесі</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/14px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/21px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg/28px-Comment_alt_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit" title="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні өңдеу" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/16px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Нуклеин қышқылдары">Нуклеин қышқылдарының</a> түрлері</div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Азотты негіздер">Азотты негіздер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Пурин негіздері">Пурин</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Аденин">Аденин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Гуанин">Гуанин</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Пиримидин негіздері">Пиримидиндер</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Урацил">Урацил</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тимин">Тимин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Цитозин">Цитозин</a>)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нуклеозидтер">Нуклеозидтер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f0f0f0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Аденозин">Аденозин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80#Гуанозин" title="Нуклеозидтер">Гуанозин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80#Уридин" title="Нуклеозидтер">Уридин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тимидин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тимидин</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цитидин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Цитидин</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нуклеотидтер">Нуклеотидтер</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>монофосфаттар</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аденозинмонофосфат">АМФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гуанозинмонофосфат">ГМФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Уридинмонофосфат">УМФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Цитидинмонофосфат">ЦМФ</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>дифосфаттар</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аденозиндифосфат">АДФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гуанозиндифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">ГДФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уридиндифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">УДФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цитидиндифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">ЦДФ</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>трифосфаттар</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Аденозинтрифосфат">АТФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гуанозинтрифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">ГТФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уридинтрифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">УТФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цитидинтрифосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">ЦТФ</a>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><i>циклдік</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклдік аденозинмонофосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">цАМФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклдік гуанозинмонофосфат (мұндай бет жоқ)">цГМФ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%94%D0%A4-%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклдік АДФ-рибоза (мұндай бет жоқ)">цАДФР</a>)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Рибонуклеин қышқылы">РНҚ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f0f0f0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Ақпараттық РНҚ">мРНҚ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BC%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ТмРНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">тмРНҚ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кодтамайтын РНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">кодтамайтын РНҚ</a></span> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Тасымалдаушы РНҚ">тРНҚ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Рибосомалық РНҚ">рРНҚ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="МикроРНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">микро</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PiRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PiRNA (мұндай бет жоқ)">piRNA</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ShRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ShRNA (мұндай бет жоқ)">shRNA</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SiRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SiRNA (мұндай бет жоқ)">siRNA</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кіші ядролы РНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">кіші ядролы</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кіші ядрошықты РНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">кіші ядрошықты</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GuideRNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GuideRNA (мұндай бет жоқ)">gRNA</a></span>) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Дезоксирибонуклеин қышқылы">ДНҚ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%94%D0%9D%D2%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Комплементарлы ДНҚ (мұндай бет жоқ)">кДНҚ</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Геном">Геном</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MsDNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MsDNA (мұндай бет жоқ)">msDNA</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%94%D0%9D%D2%9A" title="Митохондриялық ДНҚ">Митохондриялық ДНҚ</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вектор (биология)">Векторлар</a> түрлері</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f0f0f0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div style="margin-top:-1ex;margin-bottom:-1ex;padding:0"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Фазмида">Фазмидалар</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Плазмидтер">Плазмидтер</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фаг лямбда (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фаг лямбда</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Космидтер">Космидтер</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B3_P1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фаг P1 (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фаг P1</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фосмидтер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фосмидтер</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Жасанды хромосомалар</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/21px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/28px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B:%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бұл үлгіні талқылау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні талқылау" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/24px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Template_alt_full_black_22.svg/32px-Template_alt_full_black_22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көмірсутек">Көмірсутектер</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алифатты қосылыстар">Алифатты</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Қаныққан көмірсутектер">қаныққан</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алкандар">Алкандар</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Метан">Метан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Этан">Этан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пропан">Пропан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бутан (зат) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бутан</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изобутан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Изобутан</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пентан">Пентан</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изопентан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Изопентан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неопентан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Неопентан</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гексан">Гексан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гептан">Гептан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Октан">Октан</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Изооктан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Изооктан</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нонан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нонан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Декан (зат) (мұндай бет жоқ)">Декан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ундекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ундекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Додекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Додекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тридекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тридекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тетрадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тетрадекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пентадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пентадекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гексадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гексадекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гептадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гептадекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Октадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Октадекан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нонадекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нонадекан</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пристан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пристан</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эйкозан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Эйкозан</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Циклоалкандар">Циклоалкандар</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклопропан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклопропан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклобутан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклобутан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклопентан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклопентан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклогексан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклогексан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклогептан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклогептан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклооктан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклооктан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклононан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклононан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклодекан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклодекан</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Алкилциклоалкандар</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метилциклопропан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Метилциклопропан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метилциклобутан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Метилциклобутан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метилциклопентан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Метилциклопентан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метилциклогексан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Метилциклогексан</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Бициклоалкандар</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хаусан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Хаусан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норборан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Норборан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Декалин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Декалин</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Полициклоалкандар</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Адамантан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Адамантан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стеран (мұндай бет жоқ)">Стеран</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кубан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кубан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Призман (мұндай бет жоқ)">Призман</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Додекаэдран (мұндай бет жоқ)">Додекаэдран</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Баскетан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Баскетан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пагодан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пагодан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Твистан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Твистан</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Алифатты <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Қанықпаған көмірсутектер (мұндай бет жоқ)">қанықпаған</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкадиендер">Алкадиендер</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пропадиен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пропадиен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,3-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,3-Бутадиен (мұндай бет жоқ)">1,3-Бутадиен</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1,2-%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,2-Бутадиен (мұндай бет жоқ)">1,2-Бутадиен</a>)</li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=1,5-%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,5-Циклооктадиен (мұндай бет жоқ)">1,5-Циклооктадиен</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкиндер">Алкиндер</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ацетилен">Ацетилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пропин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пропин</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бутиндер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бутиндер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пентиндер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пентиндер</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Басқа</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Винилацетилен">Винилацетилен</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Диацетилен">Диацетилен</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Каротин">Каротин</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норборнен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Норборнен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклооктатетраен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклооктатетраен</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ароматты қосылыстар">Ароматты</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Моноциклді</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Бензол">Бензол</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Толуол">Толуол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Этилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Этилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ксилолдар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Ксилолдар</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пропилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пропилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кумол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кумол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мезитилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мезитилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Псевдокумол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Псевдокумол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,2,3-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,2,3-Триметилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">1,2,3-Триметилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цимолдар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Цимолдар</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дурол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дурол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пентаметилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пентаметилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гексаметилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гексаметилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стирол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Стирол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аллилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Аллилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фенилацетилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фенилацетилен</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Полициклді</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Нафталин">Нафталин</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Антрацен">Антрацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тетрацен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тетрацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пентацен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пентацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гексацен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гексацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гептацен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гептацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Азулен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Азулен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бутален (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бутален</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аценафтен">Аценафтен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фенантрен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Фенантрен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флуорен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Флуорен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бензантрацен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Бензантрацен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пирен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Пирен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трифенилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Трифенилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хризен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Хризен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Флуорантен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Флуорантен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Перилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Перилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кекулен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Кекулен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Коранулен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Коранулен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Коронен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Коронен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Овален (мұндай бет жоқ)">Овален</a></li></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Басқа</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Циклогексилбензол (мұндай бет жоқ)">Циклогексилбензол</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="Дифенил">Дифенил</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дифенилметан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дифенилметан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трифенилметан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Трифенилметан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тетрафенилметан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тетрафенилметан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цис-Стильбен (мұндай бет жоқ)"><i>цис</i>-Стильбен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Транс-Стильбен (мұндай бет жоқ)"><i>транс</i>-Стильбен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трифенилэтилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Трифенилэтилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тетрафенилэтилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Тетрафенилэтилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дифенилацетилен (мұндай бет жоқ)">Дифенилацетилен</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Индан (мұндай бет жоқ)">Индан</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инден (мұндай бет 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/90px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/120px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D3%A8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Портал:Өнер"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/P_art.png/60px-P_art.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/P_art.png/90px-P_art.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/P_art.png/120px-P_art.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="183" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Портал:Дін"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/P_religion.png/60px-P_religion.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/P_religion.png 1.5x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="66" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Техника"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/60px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/90px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/120px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Портал:Қоғам"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/P_social_sciences.png/60px-P_social_sciences.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/P_social_sciences.png 1.5x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Портал:Спорт"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/P_sport.png/60px-P_sport.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/P_sport.png 1.5x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="66" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:География"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries.png/60px-P_countries.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries.png/90px-P_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries.png/120px-P_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="183" /></a></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Портал:Тарих">Тарих</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D3%A8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Портал:Өнер">Өнер</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Портал:Дін">Дін</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Техника">Техника</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Портал:Қоғам">Қоғам</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Портал:Спорт">Спорт</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:География">География</a> </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"><b></b></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div> </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> <div style="clear: both; border: solid #FFFFFF; border-width: 1px 1px 0; background: #7100c4; color: white; padding: .1em;padding-top: .1em;padding-left: .1em;padding-right: .1em;padding-bottom: .1em;text-align: center;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;margin-bottom: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%; color: white"><a 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padding:0.3em; background-color: transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><center></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/50px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/75px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/100px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Астрономия"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ssc2003-06c.jpg/50px-Ssc2003-06c.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ssc2003-06c.jpg/75px-Ssc2003-06c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ssc2003-06c.jpg/100px-Ssc2003-06c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Математика"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_kpovmodeler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/50px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/75px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/100px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></center> </td> <td><center><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_microscope_grey.svg/75px-P_microscope_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P_microscope_grey.svg/100px-P_microscope_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Портал:Медицина">Медицина</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Астрономия">Астрономия</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Математика">Математика</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Физика">Физика</a> </th> <th><a 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жүктеп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Бұл беттің басып шығаруға арналған нұсқасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Басып шығару нұсқасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа жобаларда</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4541810" title="Сілтеме дерек қойма данасымен байланысқан [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Уикидерек элементі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Басқа тілдерде</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Wisseschaft" title="Portal:Wisseschaft – неміс тілі (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Portal:Wisseschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%8A%AD%E1%8D%94%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%AB:%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B5" title="ውክፔዲያ:ሳይንስ – амхар тілі" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ውክፔዲያ:ሳይንስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوابة:علوم – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:علوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B5" title="قيسارية:صيونص – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قيسارية:صيونص" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوابة:علوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوابة:علوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Elm" title="Portal:Elm – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Elm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%92%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="پوْرتال:علم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوْرتال:علم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Портал:Фән – башқұрт тілі" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Портал:Фән" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башқұрт тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Wissnschoft" title="Portal:Wissnschoft – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Portal:Wissnschoft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Siyensya" title="Portal:Siyensya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Portal:Siyensya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Партал:Навука – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партал:Навука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Партал:Навука – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партал:Навука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Наука – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রবেশদ্বার:বিজ্ঞান – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রবেশদ্বার:বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হমিলদুৱার:বিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="হমিলদুৱার:বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Elmu" title="Portal:Elmu – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Portal:Elmu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ci%C3%A8ncia" title="Portal:Ciència – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:Ciència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2:%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ков:Ӏилма – шешен тілі" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ков:Ӏилма" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="шешен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganghaan:Kaalamdag" title="Ganghaan:Kaalamdag – себуано тілі" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ganghaan:Kaalamdag" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="دەروازە:زانست – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:زانست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Wissenschaft" title="Portal:Wissenschaft – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Wissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zan%C4%B1%C5%9Fiye" title="Portal:Zanışiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Zanışiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%AA:%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ނެރު:ސައިންސް – дивехи тілі" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނެރު:ސައިންސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="дивехи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Πύλη:Επιστήμη – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Επιστήμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Portal:Science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ciencia" title="Portal:Ciencia – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Ciencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Loodusteadused" title="Portaal:Loodusteadused – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portaal:Loodusteadused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="درگاه:دانش – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:دانش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teemasivu:Tiede" title="Teemasivu:Tiede – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teemasivu:Tiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Sciences" title="Portail:Sciences – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:Sciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema:Wittenskip" title="Tema:Wittenskip – батыс фриз тілі" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tema:Wittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыс фриз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%E1%BA%BDndusu:Tembikuaaty" title="Okẽndusu:Tembikuaaty – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Okẽndusu:Tembikuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofa:Kimiyya" title="Kofa:Kimiyya – хауса тілі" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kofa:Kimiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रवेशद्वार:विज्ञान – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Scientia" title="Portal:Scientia – интерлингва тілі" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Portal:Scientia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ilmu" title="Portal:Ilmu – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Ilmu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1tt:Raunv%C3%ADsindi" title="Gátt:Raunvísindi – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gátt:Raunvísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Scienza_e_tecnica" title="Portale:Scienza e tecnica – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Scienza e tecnica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:自然科学 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:自然科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="პორტალი:მეცნიერება – грузин тілі" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:მეცნიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science – кикуйю тілі" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Portal:Science" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="кикуйю тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="포털:과학 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pooz/We%C3%9F%C3%9Feschaaf_%26_Teschnigk" title="Wikipedia:Pooz/Weßßeschaaf & Teschnigk – кёльн тілі" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wikipedia:Pooz/Weßßeschaaf & Teschnigk" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльн тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Zanist" title="Portal:Zanist – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Portal:Zanist" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:W%C3%ABssenschaft" title="Portal:Wëssenschaft – люксембург тілі" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Portal:Wëssenschaft" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaol:Exakte_weitesjappe" title="Portaol:Exakte weitesjappe – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Portaol:Exakte weitesjappe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C4%81ls:Zin%C4%81tne" title="Portāls:Zinātne – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portāls:Zinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Наука – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Наука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC:%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бүлгэм:Шинжлэх ухаан – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүлгэм:Шинжлэх ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ပါင်မုက်:သိပ္ပံ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပါင်မုက်:သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sains" title="Portal:Sains – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Sains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="မုခ်ဝ:သိပ္ပံ – бирма тілі" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မုခ်ဝ:သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Wetenschop_un_Technik" title="Portal:Wetenschop un Technik – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Portal:Wetenschop un Technik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hukum" title="Portal:Hukum – ниас тілі" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Portal:Hukum" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ниас тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Wetenschap_%26_Technologie" title="Portaal:Wetenschap & Technologie – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Wetenschap & Technologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tema:Vitskap" title="Tema:Vitskap – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tema:Vitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vitenskap" title="Portal:Vitenskap – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portal:Vitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sci%C3%A9ncias" title="Portal:Sciéncias – окситан тілі" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Portal:Sciéncias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poortaalii:Saayinsii" title="Poortaalii:Saayinsii – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Poortaalii:Saayinsii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2:%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – ория тілі" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋର୍ଟାଲ:ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਗਣਿਤ – пенджаб тілі" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਗਣਿਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджаб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы мақалалар"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science – пампанга тілі" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Portal:Science" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="пампанга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Sienches" title="Portal:Sienches – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Portal:Sienches" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A2:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="بوآ:سائینس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوآ:سائینس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87:%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%87" title="تانبه:پوهه – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تانبه:پوهه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="таңдаулы порталдар"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Portal:Ciência – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:Ciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punku_p%27anqa:_Yachay" title="Punku p'anqa: Yachay – кечуа тілі" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Punku p'anqa: Yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%C8%98tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Portal:Știință – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Știință" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Наука – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Наука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="باب:سائنس – синдхи тілі" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باب:سائنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggur:Timassanin" title="Aggur:Timassanin – ташелхит тілі" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aggur:Timassanin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелхит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0:Science" title="ၵိူၼ်ႇတူ:Science – шан тілі" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵိူၼ်ႇတူ:Science" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ද්වාරය:නවීන විද්‍යාව – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:නවීන විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Znanost" title="Portal:Znanost – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Portal:Znanost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungamo:Sainzi" title="Ungamo:Sainzi – шона тілі" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ungamo:Sainzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Saynis" title="Portal:Saynis – сомали тілі" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Portal:Saynis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Shkenc%C3%AB" title="Portal:Shkencë – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portal:Shkencë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portoal:Wietenskup" title="Portoal:Wietenskup – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Portoal:Wietenskup" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Naturvetenskap" title="Portal:Naturvetenskap – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Naturvetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lango:Sayansi" title="Lango:Sayansi – суахили тілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lango:Sayansi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D:%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வலைவாசல்:அறிவியல் – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலைவாசல்:அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95:%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="వేదిక:విజ్ఞానశాస్త్రము – телугу тілі" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వేదిక:విజ్ఞానశాస్త్రము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Портал:Илм – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Портал:Илм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สถานีย่อย:วิทยาศาสตร์ – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:วิทยาศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada:Agham" title="Portada:Agham – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Portada:Agham" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Bilim" title="Portal:Bilim – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Bilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science – тсонга тілі" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Portal:Science" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Портал:Фән – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портал:Фән" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84:%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85" title="پورتال:بىلىم – ұйғыр тілі" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پورتال:بىلىم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ұйғыр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Наука – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Наука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="باب:سائنس – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:سائنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fan" title="Portal:Fan – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portal:Fan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Cổng thông tin:Khoa học – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Khoa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunt:_Xarala" title="Bunt: Xarala – волоф тілі" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bunt: Xarala" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:科学 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Portal:科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C:%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="פארטאל:וויסנשאפט – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארטאל:וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:科學 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:科學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%80:%E7%B6%93" title="門:經 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="門:經" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Portal:Kho-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Portal:Kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:科學 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Portal:科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Isayensi" title="Portal:Isayensi – зулу тілі" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Portal:Isayensi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4541810#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Тіларалық сілтемелерді өңдеу" class="wbc-editpage">Сілтемелерді өңдеу</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Бұл беттің соңғы рет өзгертілген кезі: 2021 ж. қаңтардың 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