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class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Water Framework Directive</span></h1></div><div class="ecl-page-header__description-container"><p class="ecl-page-header__description">Setting out rules to halt deterioration in the status of EU water bodies and achieve good status for Europe’s rivers, lakes and groundwater. </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_4404"></a> <div class="ecl-row inpage-navigation-container"> <div class="ecl-col-l-3"> <nav class="ecl-inpage-navigation oe-theme-ecl-inpage-navigation ecl-u-z-dropdown" data-ecl-auto-init="InpageNavigation" data-ecl-auto-initialized="true" data-ecl-inpage-navigation="true" aria-labelledby="ecl-inpage-navigation-862455289" ><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__title" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-862455289">Page contents</div><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__body"><div class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-wrapper"><button type="button" class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-862455289-trigger" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger="true" aria-controls="ecl-inpage-navigation-list" aria-expanded="false"><span class="ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-current" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-trigger-current="true">Page contents</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-inpage-navigation__trigger-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="false" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></button></div><ul class="ecl-inpage-navigation__list" data-ecl-inpage-navigation-list="true" id="ecl-inpage-navigation-862455289-list"></ul></div></nav> </div> <div class="ecl-col-l-9" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_4397"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Overview</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Citizens, nature and industry all need healthy rivers and lakes, groundwater and bathing waters. The <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2000/60/oj">Water Framework Directive</a> (WFD) focuses on ensuring good qualitative and quantitative health, i.e. on reducing and removing pollution and on ensuring that there is enough water to support wildlife at the same time as human needs.</p><p>Since 2000, the WFD has been the main law for water protection in Europe. It applies to <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/surface-water_en">inland, transitional and coastal surface waters</a> as well as <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/groundwater_en">groundwaters</a>. It ensures an integrated approach to water management, respecting the integrity of whole ecosystems, including by regulating individual pollutants and setting corresponding regulatory standards. It is based on a river basin district approach to make sure that neighbouring countries cooperate to manage the rivers and other bodies of water they share.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_4398"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Objectives</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>The key objectives of the WFD are set out in Article 4 of the Directive. It requires Member States to use their River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) and Programmes of Measures (PoMs) to protect and, where necessary, restore water bodies in order to reach good status, and to prevent deterioration. Good status means both good chemical and good ecological status.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_4399"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Law</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>The <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/water-framework-directive_en">Water Framework Directive</a> (WFD) is the primary legislation. It is supported by two so-called daughter directives on the quality and quantity of <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/groundwater_en">groundwater</a> and on the quality of <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/surface-water_en">surface water</a>. The WFD contains provisions regarding the deadlines for meeting the objectives of the Directive, as well as provisions on exemptions. The annexes to the WFD specify details as regards, for example, monitoring requirements, the criteria for assessing water body status, and the contents of the RBMPs.</p> <p>At present, the WFD includes in its Annex X the list of priority substances that Member States must monitor in surface waters, but the standards for them are set in the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/105/2013-09-13">Environmental Quality Standards Directive</a> (EQSD) and must be met to achieve good surface water chemical status in accordance with WFD Article 4 and Annex V point 1.4.3. The WFD also requires Member States to set and meet Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for substances of national concern, i.e. river basin specific pollutants; the monitoring of which currently contributes to the assessment of ecological status. This list of priority substances needs to be reviewed, and updated if necessary, every 6 years.</p> <p>Similarly, the list of pollutants and standards of EU-wide concern in Annex I to the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/118/oj">Groundwater Directive</a> (GWD) must also be reviewed every 6 years; these contribute to the assessment of chemical status in groundwater. That Directive also complements the WFD by including requirements as regards pollutant trends and quantitative status.</p> <h3>Review</h3> <p>In December 2019, a <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/fitness_check_of_the_eu_water_legislation/index_en.htm">Fitness Check</a> concluded that the water legislation is broadly fit for purpose, with room for improvement related to investments, implementation, integrating water into other policies, chemical pollution, administrative simplification and digitalisation. The key findings show that the directives have led to a higher level of protection for water bodies and flood risk management than could have been expected without them. The objectives of the directives are as relevant now as they were at the time of the adoption, if not more. They contribute to achieving a range of sustainable development goals.</p> <h3>Proposal to revise the water legislation</h3> <p>In October 2022, the Commission adopted a <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/publications/proposal-amending-water-directives_en">proposal to revise the lists of pollutants</a> in <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/surface-water_en">surface water</a> and <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/groundwater_en">groundwater</a>. Some other amendments are also proposed.</p> <p>If the proposal is agreed by the Council and the European Parliament, Member States will be required to take measures to meet the quality standards for the additional pollutants, and to make their monitoring data available on a more frequent basis.</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_4400"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Implementation</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>Many European river basins are international, crossing administrative and territorial borders. Therefore a common understanding and approach is crucial to the successful and effective implementation of the Directive.</p><p>The latest implementation reports can be found <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/water-framework-directive/implementation-reports_en">here</a>.</p><h3>River Basin Management Plans</h3><p>These are the key tools for implementing the WFD. They are drawn up after extensive public consultation and are valid for a six-year period.</p><p>Other key documents and links to the reported River basin management plans and other important information about implementing the Water Framework Directive <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/ce4ba0eb-3b1c-423d-87a5-ca10eb118f9c">are available here</a> and under <a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/water-framework-directive/implementation-reports_en">implementation reports</a>.</p><p>Several International River Basin Districts have also published River Basin Management Plans: <a href="https://www.icpdr.org/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Danube</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, <a href="https://www.ikse-mkol.org/en/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Elbe</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, <a href="https://www.ems-eems.de" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Ems</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/1c566741-ee2f-41e7-a915-7bd88bae7c03/library/ca912a95-af37-4074-bc59-ad7eab871e8b/details" class="ecl-link">Finnish-Norwegian International River Basin District</a>, <a href="https://www.iksr.org/en/eu-directives/european-water-framework-directive/river-basin-management-plan-2021-1" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after ecl-link"><span class="ecl-link__label">Rhine</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, <a href="https://isc-cie.org/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Scheldt / l'Escaut</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>,  <a href="https://www.savacommission.org/" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Sava Commission (ISRBC)</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></p><h3>Common Implementation Strategy (CIS)</h3><p>The implementation of the WFD raises a number of shared technical challenges for the Member States, the Commission, the Candidate and EEA Countries as well as stakeholders and NGOs. In order to address the challenges in a co-operative and coordinated way, the Member States, Norway and the Commission agreed on a <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/9ab5926d-bed4-4322-9aa7-9964bbe8312d/library/dd9b4484-2935-4ee8-b3ce-72f844f3644c">Common Implementation Strategy (CIS)</a> for the Water Framework Directive only five months after the entry into force of the Directive. The CIS aims to ensure the coherent and harmonious implementation of the WFD and its daughter directives.</p><h3>Working Groups and Guidance documents</h3><p>Within this framework, several technical Working Groups operate, for example by producing <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/9ab5926d-bed4-4322-9aa7-9964bbe8312d/library/a3c92123-1013-47ff-b832-16e1caaafc9a?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC">Guidance documents</a> on technical aspects, key events and additional <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/9ab5926d-bed4-4322-9aa7-9964bbe8312d/library/388ad5a7-adf0-443c-8c40-6ab965a97a97">thematic documents</a>.</p><p>Organisations interested in joining the Strategic Co-ordination Group, or any of the CIS Working Groups, should send their application to the following email address: <span class="spamspan"><span class="u">ENV-WATER</span><img class="spamspan-image" alt="at" src="/modules/contrib/spamspan/image.gif"><span class="d">ec<span class="o"> [dot] </span>europa<span class="o"> [dot] </span>eu</span><span class="t"> (ENV-WATER[at]ec[dot]europa[dot]eu)</span></span>. The application should be accompanied by all the relevant supporting documents, including justification that the organisation fulfils the eligibility criteria set out in the <a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/9ab5926d-bed4-4322-9aa7-9964bbe8312d/library/ef0be282-5235-4a55-b2e1-3ca8cfa25bc6/details">Rules of Procedure</a>.</p><h4>Useful links</h4><p><a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/9ab5926d-bed4-4322-9aa7-9964bbe8312d/library/27f9ece7-6f7e-4033-8aa2-37b196a017e1?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC">List of national competent authorities</a> and relevant national implementation websites.</p><ul><li><a href="https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/9e25fb48-5969-11ec-91ac-01aa75ed71a1/language-en">Study - Economic data related to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive and the financing of measures</a></li></ul><p><a href="https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/water/water-framework-directive/implementation-reports_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Implementation Reports</a></p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_5567"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">State of play of 3rd RBMP adoption in EU 27</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>last update: 20 December 2023</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_5522"></a> <div> <article> <div><script type="application/json">{"utility":"wcloud","url":"https:\/\/europa.eu\/assets\/wcloud\/widgets\/202307\/88d16280-2d14-11ee-93dd-5ba294f8140b\/uec.json"}</script> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div> <a id="paragraph_4403"></a> <div> <div class="ecl"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Contact</h2> </div> <div class="ecl"><p>For questions about EU environmental policy, please contact <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/contact-eu_en">Europe Direct</a>.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2"> <div 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class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">News article</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2025-02-03T12:00:00Z">3 February 2025</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/life-protecting-wetlands-our-common-future-2025-02-03_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >LIFE: protecting wetlands for our common future </a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#clock"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">2 min read</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__button ecl-col-12"><div class="ecl-u-clearfix ecl-u-pv-m"><a href="/news_en?f%5B0%5D=oe_news_subject%3Ahttp%3A//data.europa.eu/uxp/597&f%5B1%5D=oe_news_subject%3Ahttp%3A//data.europa.eu/uxp/2530" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-icon--rotate-180 ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#arrow-left"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_9192"></a> <div> <div id="block-relatedevents" class="ecl-u-mt-l"> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__title ecl-col-12"><h2 class='ecl-u-type-heading-2'>Related Events</h2></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Conferences and summits</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/news-events/events/life-aquatech-amsterdam-2025-2025-03-11_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >LIFE at Aquatech Amsterdam 2025</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#calendar"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Tuesday 11 March 2025, 11:00 - Friday 14 March 2025, 17:00 (GMT+0100)</span></li><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Netherlands</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-card" ><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Conferences and summits</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="/events/towards-water-resilience-strategy-eu-2025-03-06_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Stakeholder consultation - Towards a Water Resilience Strategy for the EU</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#calendar"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Thursday 6 March 2025, 10:00 - 19:00 (GMT+0100)</span></li><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Brussels, Belgium</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-4 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-card" ><div class="ecl-card__body"><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-card__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Partner meetings</li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="/events/7th-zero-pollution-stakeholder-platform-meeting-2025-03-03_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >7th Zero Pollution Stakeholder Platform meeting</a></div><ul class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#calendar"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Monday 3 March 2025, 10:30 - 13:30 (GMT+0100)</span></li><li class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-item"><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--s ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" ><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#location"></use></svg><span class="ecl-content-block__secondary-meta-label">Bruxelles, Belgium</span></li></ul></div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__button ecl-col-12"><div class="ecl-u-clearfix ecl-u-pv-m"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/all-events_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--icon" ><span class="ecl-link__label">See all</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs 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datetime="2024-10-29T12:00:00Z">29 October 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/publications/life-leads-way-water-resilience-factsheet_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >LIFE leads the way to water resilience - Factsheet</a></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Notice to stakeholders</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-03-11T12:00:00Z">11 March 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="/publications/notice-under-marine-strategy-framework-directive_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Commission notice on the threshold values set under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive</a></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><ul class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-container"><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item">Delegated act</li><li class="ecl-content-block__primary-meta-item"><time datetime="2024-03-11T12:00:00Z">11 March 2024</time></li></ul><div class="ecl-content-block__title" data-ecl-title-link><a href="/publications/delegated-act-measure-microplastics-water_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Commission Delegated Decision laying down a methodology to measure microplastics in water intended for human consumption</a></div></div></article></div></div><div class="ecl-u-border-color-neutral 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