CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91351a806a56ce72',cH: '2FG6ReJC.sJSj5B6e7dsytvADcXwWYzsFeudYXr8QVQ-1739788241-1.2.1.1-1hF1.JFHsltdQKfgTCVQLgWyV0FA9scQdmSK_IsoHH8kO479o4q0MdLmjaM6mVri',cUPMDTk: "\/12743\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=t_vJR6Qd67AkrsZaC3.JoMx8c.uT0JtEJZwhSLUMdb0-1739788241-1.0.1.1-2U.TUpTY9xrdiD5_P4gJZ69SHP.j31DeqbHIa2umxKc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788241',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/12743\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=t_vJR6Qd67AkrsZaC3.JoMx8c.uT0JtEJZwhSLUMdb0-1739788241-1.0.1.1-2U.TUpTY9xrdiD5_P4gJZ69SHP.j31DeqbHIa2umxKc",md: "uZo.ixaEqAWQvzyU85wnZJOdXMqJK2r95PB3gujq3TM-1739788241-1.2.1.1-348pet4e3KZ3y9bbH3zUG7qdWiFbOhohwoe9hfz_V4TnCHFoLNyUgPWs46wsdKAFaYmzzHUyCDKH5pG.jJRl15P12nXm3.ewrjMK.V1xOV7c_G_VQYGBJwRgDD2MUKBW61ZKwBD7vao2Vu.P8ODx2hS88Xr90UG3MvoxsoFvhyringoboGNTJLs70mIGvKxKLLI2yXDAOeneR3dVUIRo34ry05_dlXIr3NoKct8lZPGXrhrwt4gotJ1g3p6OhVjxQKgj52ao7lNYCJ3BP.OxhfRPnkV6.sGkRFof2GkSt9zcDLYMJG_bxDORmM9w2XztAip7j.p8GT5rbWuFxwges5x7GdmSo_Yk5RLP7MsAbNaKnX4FJwW44liPcAoCphENC2XI6C4Tz5iiuVqtuUvxcOVd_7CcGfdrFHTplM5sr.0Can2fFzSPTLkuM6ApjxXHRilJdrWfpdzBH9wczwlWATMbuF.WM3Bh5n7LtWxH2Vxb0e.Ma7kkZHYmblL6rciqRyMLP8NewNT2R2J9AHt_RDbjijVottSM8Uz1187F5OeDnpOapuC3XNB2BuwrQDJEKj6LIcDopzjZW4qGzYC239Tp3bv0_WUTJn21O1LNshZDbg1Z8K2WoyBCm6wOVLbXDyerfJJmkPpEUxf2qlmRLrJh_KmoNTfhvkKxmWaoB1Z5qOyt5ICk0kRL8bmo.b59KrS8CWqgODAUa1hrANzUS7yIAhlRhmNXV5qUmytb8LCv32SYAUSfAHJZ2Ys_eYYQzx7DWLIOU4FmbiTSdbrph5DP7T6gCVEH1LC3lIJzOxTRUkdxIRkPddvRzBUB0avEwSJ9lgLTZDSc.hp9HgBalFSkg4qVdhPQFW4.3Ts15oYUZfBJJY6RgHEg8BrFPGMtDXh59uCV2QXwvpcYHD388VNO9ZSGQqX4fxVKk_RlN587dnYGtd3od.PEEXr.XsiUmgtfqo2.oevM0wPuD0rrt0L29Aa1sydEgWHBKKYB6CcVj10_NWUzr6c.KzV4HDPNPM07nkrm3a7Lhz0YnQzM2gQPVh.SPqw9L60Osm.yyV9wzL_YWrDxhRSiWZSOX8gJArDYX_BpzgaH7S90qzmnM8xB9VPCrxU7nYnb_.xut3lCujkhKngVi0ogx0SkMgV9c4eCPechn8uqBZJGpgGyuK0RrczkTIxgVo0ytrfbuwYMLFOZMYRXdyDF6oCkfEGw0Us0YU_TwSRel43mkTAP8kFZopqsNPeosekPNIT7ZIlUSL_r_4VK_NRdZSeJAZS2hQSl830NPb6zGy9ZwpiAwdxwNV_y7aRpIqIrJQJvrAfY95DQoBLKHctrqPrFikFF8.TrhUQiCbXS5yMnQquDiolAxDFRnuYxdiQqm0eCO2L_zW.e0r4YcwuLY5jSFmcCjvvO7tspq7ImddlC.hGH4ThvinbMW0deE9bngGzHucXzXnMgQz5f1YRTOoQWWVtYGC.7mv63mDUsB2vlQpyHrXYdo.4grqNWbWm7BVbPOg53dVP8kXCS6UHHcpTm1sOiVEdVAf5jh6UejKAl6snzc1FuOnnvK5GLFjTKWEdYm7U4uqeNW_e4zrjspO5t4_SJaDRdqc7gSE.sJ250IYJdtLx19aRL5gZjYQF7Gbg5AzKrxb_FT4FYQRnxQPBEoOIiSB_HZyYRDekBLS9lqkD0_6SyuNmF_EryLQVKnEgqVdqhSk6zRtWJYz9RQYVRN.KGdJB8MDtxCCgm2UEF.zs_SpqyEW4ECmnOEcv_6xpAx9bX8CA5Pxvp68ZvSfmNgZzlhrmHbHbstC84pmSh2aUR70NuTc5amOWZoxezQXcS4kcbE5KZOGR8fdY1YlE2w1cfOxt3ASRIVU1beNMTm2PvstVif9MPwje0N2Hq7lsf1Yo",mdrd: "dNKwoDlAxjbpxUe_nFrB2umGYBLWb8hMxgtw_e.lTSU-1739788241-1.2.1.1-9xysbZwFpUkaC8gXiBZXP68W6wYN8HNVrBa4RQX7zxp6GZ37ZZ2tgq3v8GUmLjt7M_9yv80MEVgSamAE6sGbc9WsiurJai12lxg2k8uI46Xq5WZ_46b6tGhG9iaGoQpgTPa8KXVmIAS2A_mCV5nEMSHYr30tlEQiKQbYpga5GjM6Ny4TN3J_y.VN4TVuV56oQGookk8bXAV1cB3_E1H5ac8EwseMBVcA0tV2ezfBUEwgIDZEIK8pca.D7lkljn_IVjtsSsZAb8E.JSq2wYqh8cRGKGooAaL2kyH26TbByRBgpGiVJ2GiOqRjM.Fu9znfMq.E08KIoc5ZwAqp.KR08KhWCabtLFi9i.b044OBgcCL4Q8tCfr2M_9JkqCIaGdDgQIMXqHRJ6hUwbKAOHIwGPMgi8c8Kqptvso9nWMRxi3d_6AiG4y12RBuB_B0sVjMMgLx.AsX.r5b.m0sYid5Uu0gZU5aroYpdEVa4M8kXtLTG3OcjMbQbRhaLn123NxcQjfkxxl86LVfoknxRJOHrAO9YCXEnhJcGjOt.P4FZp_8pbRRCKjPwtlbfDIILkXW1ClNBFleeUkospt9EruqAoFdpO8ENRM9YNb0GEbjQzjnlRCkwgvBvGqpcmNuv8UobKJDi9bjQVZYiBSuakNTchGW83tePwCtkYkMVPnR1nh0Ww5L_BncNK6Iz9JtpBw_.GzaCIrKJjsZEJzOnJc6w5MFP3SbXoyphURzM7v1aaqNjYmZS.KsUy0Lv0HvDPdVflqmmU9a.GHz0tsPv2cLr9MQxH55.ikHWHKgMZjkvicZADR6WxNW05hWijsmBmVab6Ja5OEBDqybWj6vcvEWOmo9m.qxXyqc6waYitSHrzfag6tB1jYYOxJ2VxlCeqdVLY6dt2JxjPpLeHKPuEMVgs1AAx44u9xtbemWLgKIEWXFnRNwwicyPRyw.3GOpXiEUpD7QfMaZfMaf779rWSZOrKuEg7cK2y1ywbTAeHGeo8F3JPZJdfUhp63i1jjV9XoXiD_epNVMA4Yh613vEjRHWYCjoYN4huvPIjYTQ4sZaySUj9EObkMJ4ByQSc6Z8XDecbmfDqNgJa45otFs14Q3DfFs7q_HwnGNj93d8ahEerQKW_strDjwHxzCkAh7xSTVBHlo6iF29eUPJPUMQp.6.wL5E3mKsCQVdZHmAwLooaHeAyI5YSW11sbWGFAhk3HUn9TbQtPhpDPQzptCJj9mYoXOpq.U7HLoYGzAB4Ykm7c.6nPmjOfW3YiuJ2rolXGu_7dHeue3EFEHSKqaVn1kjsJRG9EymBAXoH9onaCaG_LQrMwiJBhGZ_78BjwUo3tnPE5eByAiNXLwkbwG_4cLHBx0HvxL5hfRzhKpuO2MF_ZEX84tubt7yudCV141iD1FfcIwomQrM6HrmFlxwtymBqPqyDM3kca37wbz5TzKcSP6uP82kUVxL8Bkb48IpiTG_2zg2fLZjQKXtumnQsLAv8ijQmPbUqm4EgFzb_KTeTI3cI3KYleHulcLNLkSWqVAuirrM.0rUdwa3DpYGFCOLe1VJHZmUaLMhkdJrxQjpc6CLv_kRAMxfokcxgn_G.tdMQAbzdDWvrhER7JZ2jq8HhFlOKqUJPNgDx04sEvTOdHRI_6kKUqbJJt3e1.Yo1l3kcpi97ZYTJgHYzGl0bhz5EAQQGLuXTsPu3yTWsJ6KxUru1Im7cbVfVqNN8Jm8qSjropjCJmSRuPLPXGXMGuYXmN1eDttS1ih37lMv80ojudp9mT4q1yT2NDiC.4X16lRBxlOe6NArTZbt5feThfc70tz5Nkhit9VJe8zaKEmryw_5nVKtSgRFe4Y_9ywsPT2FJA4WwfpVQcwQwaR7S4C_5BI8Z6x7XHqEGUHZ6P6XfCWaQEG4q_rAuP3i8TjS2JDm0GZhRm2Br1y6pVBppIdNXp2zPA6RwGZqDys_x2AqaoUfcd7Bs3GLbHEC0KD0f0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91351a806a56ce72';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12743\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=t_vJR6Qd67AkrsZaC3.JoMx8c.uT0JtEJZwhSLUMdb0-1739788241-1.0.1.1-2U.TUpTY9xrdiD5_P4gJZ69SHP.j31DeqbHIa2umxKc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>