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(PDF) Az 184849-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban
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[{"id":114180857,"identifier":"Attachment_114180857","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":118591121,"created_at":"2024-05-05T12:05:31.445-07:00","from_world_paper_id":253945103,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T13:59:44.672-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Az 1848-49-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban 1 1848-49 a magyar történelem egyik legfontosabb fejezete. A magyar köztudat és a magyar történeti irodalom két szóval jellemzi a másfél éves eseménysort: forradalomnak és szabadságharcnak nevezi. Forradalomnak, mert az országban 1848 március-áprilisában forradalmi változás ment végbe, részben forradalmi külsőségek, tömegmozgalmak, tüntetések közepette. Az ország független felelős kormányhoz jutott, s ezzel 1526, a mohácsi vereség óta először az ország sorsára vonatkozó legfontosabb döntések nem az ország határain kívül, hanem az ország fővárosában születhettek. A változás azonban nem csupán a hatalomgyakorlás technikájában következett be. Az ország ekkor lépett át a feudális társadalmi rendből a polgári társadalomba. Az addig jogfosztott jobbágyság többsége az általa művelt fold szabad paraszti birtokosává vált. A forradalom ugyan nem juttatott mindenkit tulajdonhoz, dc a törvény előtti egyenlőség elvének kimondása a polgári szabadságjogok egyik legfontosabbikát jelentette. A közteherviselés, a ccnzusos, a vagyoni helyzeten és nem a rendi társadalmi pozíción alapuló választójog, a népképviselet bevezetése mind azt jelezte, hogy Magyarország némi késéssel ugyan, de a Nyugat-Európában már ismert társadalmi fejlődési modellt fogja követni. A meghatározás másik eleme, a szabadságharc elnevezés jelzi, hogy az ország nem tudta békés körülmények között végrehajtani ezt az átalakulást, s a polgári átalakulás egyes vívmányainak védelmében végül fegyverhez volt kénytelen nyúlni. Bécsben ugyanis nem nyugodtak bele abba, hogy Magyarország, a Habsburg Birodalom területét tekintve legnagyobb alkotóeleme önálló politikai tényezővé vált. Előbb az országban élő nemzetiségek mozgalmait felhasználva igyekeztek rábírni a magyar politikusokat a közjogi önállóság jelentős részének feladására. 1848. szeptember 11-én Josip Jclacic horvát bán, cs. kir. altábornagy indított nyílt-Bécsből titokban támogatott-fegyveres intervenciót Magyarország ellen, majd 1848. október közepétől az országban állomásozó cs. kir. katonaság nagy része fordult szembe a magyar kormányzattal. A harc 1849. április közepéig önvédelmi harc volt, ekkor azonban a magyar parlament-válaszul az olmiitzi alkotmányra-kimondta az ország függetlenségét és a Habsburg-ház trónfosztását. Ezzel az önvédelmi háború függetlenségi hábo","publication_date":"1999,,","publication_name":"AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"114180857"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"hu","title":"Az 184849-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [89049460]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":114180857,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Az 184849-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/114180857/mini_magick20240802-1-6ifhms.png?1722602316" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Az 184849-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert"><img alt="Profile image of Róbert Hermann" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/89049460/20441117/109913020/s65_r_bert.hermann.jpg" />Róbert Hermann</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1999, AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">24 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 118591121; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Az 1848-49-es forradalom és szabadságharc a magyar történetírásban 1 1848-49 a magyar történelem egyik legfontosabb fejezete. A magyar köztudat és a magyar történeti irodalom két szóval jellemzi a másfél éves eseménysort: forradalomnak és szabadságharcnak nevezi. Forradalomnak, mert az országban 1848 március-áprilisában forradalmi változás ment végbe, részben forradalmi külsőségek, tömegmozgalmak, tüntetések közepette. Az ország független felelős kormányhoz jutott, s ezzel 1526, a mohácsi vereség óta először az ország sorsára vonatkozó legfontosabb döntések nem az ország határain kívül, hanem az ország fővárosában születhettek. A változás azonban nem csupán a hatalomgyakorlás technikájában következett be. Az ország ekkor lépett át a feudális társadalmi rendből a polgári társadalomba. Az addig jogfosztott jobbágyság többsége az általa művelt fold szabad paraszti birtokosává vált. A forradalom ugyan nem juttatott mindenkit tulajdonhoz, dc a törvény előtti egyenlőség elvének kimondása a polgári szabadságjogok egyik legfontosabbikát jelentette. A közteherviselés, a ccnzusos, a vagyoni helyzeten és nem a rendi társadalmi pozíción alapuló választójog, a népképviselet bevezetése mind azt jelezte, hogy Magyarország némi késéssel ugyan, de a Nyugat-Európában már ismert társadalmi fejlődési modellt fogja követni. A meghatározás másik eleme, a szabadságharc elnevezés jelzi, hogy az ország nem tudta békés körülmények között végrehajtani ezt az átalakulást, s a polgári átalakulás egyes vívmányainak védelmében végül fegyverhez volt kénytelen nyúlni. Bécsben ugyanis nem nyugodtak bele abba, hogy Magyarország, a Habsburg Birodalom területét tekintve legnagyobb alkotóeleme önálló politikai tényezővé vált. Előbb az országban élő nemzetiségek mozgalmait felhasználva igyekeztek rábírni a magyar politikusokat a közjogi önállóság jelentős részének feladására. 1848. szeptember 11-én Josip Jclacic horvát bán, cs. kir. altábornagy indított nyílt-Bécsből titokban támogatott-fegyveres intervenciót Magyarország ellen, majd 1848. október közepétől az országban állomásozó cs. kir. katonaság nagy része fordult szembe a magyar kormányzattal. A harc 1849. április közepéig önvédelmi harc volt, ekkor azonban a magyar parlament-válaszul az olmiitzi alkotmányra-kimondta az ország függetlenségét és a Habsburg-ház trónfosztását. Ezzel az önvédelmi háború függetlenségi hábo</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":114180857,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/118591121/Az_1848_49_es_forradalom_%C3%A9s_szabads%C3%A1gharc_a_magyar_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%ADr%C3%A1sban"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":114180857,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/118591121/Az_1848_49_es_forradalom_%C3%A9s_szabads%C3%A1gharc_a_magyar_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%ADr%C3%A1sban"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Egyes szerzők szerint ez jelentette a forradalmi hadviselést, mások szerint a kiképzetlen tömegek harcba szólítása felelőtlenség volt. A népfelkeléshez valóban kapcsolódtak fontos sikerek, mint amilyen Székesfehérvár és Nagykanizsa felszabadítása vagy az ozorai diadal. De ugyanígy beszélhetünk súlyos kudarcokról is, mint amilyen a schwechati csata volt. A tanulmány a korabeli rendeletek alapján próbálja meg definiálni a népfelkelés fogalmát. A szerző szerint a népfelkelés nem más, mint a nemzetőrség teljes mozgósítása, esetleg kiegészítve más, fegyverforgató elemekkel. Egyben kísérletet tesz arra, hogy megállapítsa a népfelkelés alkalmazhatóságának lehetőségeit és korlátait.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A népfelkelés 1848-ban","attachmentId":114180850,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591126/A_n%C3%A9pfelkel%C3%A9s_1848_ban","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591126/A_n%C3%A9pfelkel%C3%A9s_1848_ban"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="118591138" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege">Előtanulmány egy monográfiához? : Varga János : Románok és magyarok 1848-1849-ben : a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián 1991. október 3-án elhangzott székfoglaló szövege</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Előtanulmány egy monográfiához? : Varga János : Románok és magyarok 1848-1849-ben : a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián 1991. október 3-án elhangzott székfoglaló szövege","attachmentId":114180816,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591138/El%C5%91tanulm%C3%A1ny_egy_monogr%C3%A1fi%C3%A1hoz_Varga_J%C3%A1nos_Rom%C3%A1nok_%C3%A9s_magyarok_1848_1849_ben_a_Magyar_Tudom%C3%A1nyos_Akad%C3%A9mi%C3%A1n_1991_okt%C3%B3ber_3_%C3%A1n_elhangzott_sz%C3%A9kfoglal%C3%B3_sz%C3%B6vege"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="118591127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben">Interetnikus konfliktusok Magyarországon 1848-1849-ben</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In April 1848, the Hungarian political elite hoped that civil liberties granted in the April Laws and the abolition of serfdom will form a foundation that enables the peoples of Hungary to build the civic Hungary shoulder to shoulder. It was an illusion, but an understandable one. The ideal of the Hungarian liberals who came to power was a civilian nation-state with a single market and monolingual administration. Therefore it is understandable that the nationalities of the country came forward with their own independent claims and the government reacted indignantly. The study reviews the history and nature of the conflicts between the Hungarians and the four major national movements. According to the findings, the Slovak movement due to its internal religious division and the effect of the abolition of serfdom could not demonstrate such power as the Croatian, Serbian and Romanian ones. Moreover, the Slovaks did not have such an armed base as the Military Frontier in case of Croatian...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interetnikus konfliktusok Magyarországon 1848-1849-ben","attachmentId":114180852,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591127/Interetnikus_konfliktusok_Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon_1848_1849_ben"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="118591120" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n">Programvita és obszcenitás-Andrássy Gyula gróf és Dessewffy Emil gróf politiko-pornografikus verses üzenetváltása 1848 elején</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Programvita és obszcenitás-Andrássy Gyula gróf és Dessewffy Emil gróf politiko-pornografikus verses üzenetváltása 1848 elején","attachmentId":114180847,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591120/Programvita_%C3%A9s_obszcenit%C3%A1s_Andr%C3%A1ssy_Gyula_gr%C3%B3f_%C3%A9s_Dessewffy_Emil_gr%C3%B3f_politiko_pornografikus_verses_%C3%BCzenetv%C3%A1lt%C3%A1sa_1848_elej%C3%A9n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="118503306" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118503306/%C3%9Ajabb_forr%C3%A1sok_az_1832_36_os_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez_De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9si_levelei_1833_1834_sajt%C3%B3_al%C3%A1_rend_bev_%C3%A9s_jegyz_%C3%ADrta_S%C3%A1ndor_P%C3%A1l">Újabb források az 1832-36-os országgyűlés történetéhez : Deák Ferenc országgyűlési levelei 1833-1834 : sajtó alá rend., bev. és jegyz. írta Sándor Pál</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="139770243" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OrsolyaV%C3%B6lgyesi">Orsolya Völgyesi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Újabb források az 1832-36-os országgyűlés történetéhez : Deák Ferenc országgyűlési levelei 1833-1834 : sajtó alá rend., bev. és jegyz. írta Sándor Pál","attachmentId":114113639,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118503306/%C3%9Ajabb_forr%C3%A1sok_az_1832_36_os_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez_De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9si_levelei_1833_1834_sajt%C3%B3_al%C3%A1_rend_bev_%C3%A9s_jegyz_%C3%ADrta_S%C3%A1ndor_P%C3%A1l","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118503306/%C3%9Ajabb_forr%C3%A1sok_az_1832_36_os_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9s_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9hez_De%C3%A1k_Ferenc_orsz%C3%A1ggy%C5%B1l%C3%A9si_levelei_1833_1834_sajt%C3%B3_al%C3%A1_rend_bev_%C3%A9s_jegyz_%C3%ADrta_S%C3%A1ndor_P%C3%A1l"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="118591123" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591123/Perczel_M%C3%B3r_dun%C3%A1nt%C3%BAli_hadj%C3%A1rata_%C3%A9s_a_m%C3%B3ri_%C3%BCtk%C3%B6zet_1848_december_30_">Perczel Mór dunántúli hadjárata és a móri ütközet (1848. december 30.)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Perczel Mór dunántúli hadjárata és a móri ütközet 1848. december 30.' Hérakleitosz óta tudjuk, hogy kétszer nem léphetünk ugyanabba a folyóba, "a történelem az élet tanítómestere" bölcsességgel pedig a rómaiak ajándékozták meg a világot. De, mint minden iskolában, a történelem iskolájában is vannak hanyag vagy rossz tanulók, s megesik, hogy valaki-ha nem is ugyanazon a helyszínen és időben-képes ugyanazt a hibát elkövetni. 1848-49 sok, csillogó karriert befutó honvédtisztje között kiemelkedő hely illeti meg Perczel Mórt. Míg ugyanis tábornoktársainak többsége legalább hadnagyi rangig eljutott a cs, kir. hadseregben, s általában az ott viseltnél eggyel magasabb rangban kezdte meg honvédtiszti pályafutását, s egy-két kivételtől eltekintve fokozatosan lépett előre a ranglétrán, Perczel Mór, aki az 1830-as években hadapródként szolgált a cs. ldr. hadseregben, rövid, rang nélküli szabadcsapat-parancsnokság után azonnal ezredesként kezdte hadvezéri pályafutását, s egy hónapon belül már honvéd vezérőrnaggyá is kinevezték. Perczel remek hadvezéri intuícióval rendelkezett, s a forradalmi hadseregekben megkívánt bátorságnak sem volt híján, ugyanakkor hiányzott belőle az a taktikai képzettség, amellyel a cs. ldr. hadseregben hosszabb időn keresztül szolgáló, s ott tiszti rangot elérő tábornoktársai rendelkeztek. 2 Ezzel magyarázható, hogy amikor nem szokványos harcászati feladattal (például a sajátját felülmúló minőségű haderővel) került szembe, hajlamos volt arra, hogy egyedül intuíciójára és öntudatára támaszkodva próbálja megoldani azt. így történhetett meg, hogy a szabadságharc folyamán kétszer sikerült ugyanabba a folyóba lépnie, s-némi képzavarral fokozva a hasonlatot-nem tanult az első esetből, amikor alaposan elmerült a habokban. 1848. december 30-án Mórnál, s 1849. június 7-én Kátynál úgy szenvedett vereséget a szembenálló cs. kir. csapatoktól, hogy alaposabb felderítéssel vagy a visszavonulás időben történő elrendelésével megelőzhette volna a vereséget, ám a csatatéren taktikailag csődöt mondott. A kátyi kudarcot súlyosbította, hogy attól a Jellacictól szenvedett már ' Részlet egy készülő nagyobb munkából, amely Perczel 1848. decemberi dunántúli hadjáratát tekinti át. A tanulmány az OTICA F 013416. kódszámú, Görgei Artúr 1848-49-es iratainak összegyűjtését célzó pályázat támogatásával készült. Bécsi kutatásaimat a Művelődési és Közoktatási Minisztériumtól, illetve a Nemzeti Kulturális Örökség Minisztériumától kapott Collegium Hungaricum és Klebelsberg Kunó Ösztöndíjak tették lehetővé. 2 Berezelnek mindmáig nincs tudományos igényű életrajza. Népszerűsítő jellegű életrajzait lásd Kuppis, Gustav: Biographie des Honvéd-Generals Moritz Perczel von Bonyhád.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Perczel Mór dunántúli hadjárata és a móri ütközet (1848. december 30.)","attachmentId":114180849,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591123/Perczel_M%C3%B3r_dun%C3%A1nt%C3%BAli_hadj%C3%A1rata_%C3%A9s_a_m%C3%B3ri_%C3%BCtk%C3%B6zet_1848_december_30_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591123/Perczel_M%C3%B3r_dun%C3%A1nt%C3%BAli_hadj%C3%A1rata_%C3%A9s_a_m%C3%B3ri_%C3%BCtk%C3%B6zet_1848_december_30_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="123741516" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123741516/Nagy_L_J%C3%A1nos_szerk_Harminc_%C3%A9v_a_magyar_helyes%C3%ADr%C3%A1s%C3%A9rt">Nagy L. János (szerk.): Harminc év a magyar helyesírásért</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2505165" href="https://elte-hu.academia.edu/AndreaPap">Andrea Pap</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anyanyelv-pedagógia, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Harminc év a magyar helyesírásért (Pap Andrea) ERKEL FERENC GIMNÁZIUM. GYULA. 2018. 234 OLDAL "Jól beszélni és írni magyarul..." 2018-ban harmincadik alkalommal rendezték meg az Implom József helyesírási versenyt a gyulai Erkel Ferenc Gimnáziumban. A jubileumi eseményre a szervező intézmény megjelentetett egy kötetet is Harminc év a magyar helyesírásért címmel. A kiadvány előszavában-Görgényi Ernő általmegfogalmazott gondolat a helyesírási verseny egyik fő törekvésének is tekinthető: "anyanyelvünk különleges világ, melyet csak az ért meg, aki magyarul beszél. Aki pedig foglalkozik az anyanyelvvel, az őrzi a lángot, így mindenképpen elismerésre érdemes" (7). Nagy L. János-a kötet szerkesztőjea Bevezetésben így foglalja össze az elmúlt 30 év történéseit: "hosszú idő, igen sok munka, fáradozás, idegeskedés, szurkolás. Siker és csalódás, élmény és kiábrándulás. Rendkívüli energiák mozgósítása..." (9). A 30. évfordulóját ünneplő verseny az anyanyelv iránti tiszteletnek, a tudatos nyelvhasználat igényének a kialakítását, növelését is szolgálja.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nagy L. 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A magyar szociológia történetének hangoskönyve</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41017639" href="https://mtaki.academia.edu/G%C3%A1borEr%C3%B6ss">Gábor Eröss</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Szociologiai Szemle, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A konferenciát 1 Kovács Éva nyitotta meg, aki a KDK-t (az MTA Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpontjában működő Kutatási Dokumentációs Központot) 2 és az attól elválaszthatatlan 20. Század Hangja Archívum és Kutatóműhelyt, az egész -most születésnapját ünneplő -projektet "megálmodta" és vezeti. Szemléletes képpel írta le, milyen is a társadalomkutató számára, ha a régi interjúkazettáit, kérdőíveit, jegyzetlapjait oda kell adnia az Archívum számára: "Egy interjút nyersen odaadni kicsit olyan, mintha a fehérneműjét adná oda az ember". És tényleg: az Archívum funkciója kettős: feltárul, illetve feltárhatóvá válik a magyar szociológia múltja és kitárulkoznak maguk a szociológusok: ez vagyok én, ezek vagyunk mi. A konferenciának is azok voltak a nagy pillanatai, amikor ezekre az "intim részletekre" fény derült, amikor Csanádi Gábor mesélt élőben a közel 40 évvel ezelőtti iskolaiszegregáció-kutatásról (Ladányi-Csanádi 1983), vagy a közönség sorai közt "rejtőző" Kovács Katalin demográfus állt fel és mesélt a Dialógus békemozgalomról, melynek maga is részese volt. A magyar szociológia aranykorát a 70-es, 80-as évek jelentik, ez az időszak adja a gyűjtemény gerincét. A főbb témák, mint azt Kovács Éva kiemelte: életmód, cigányság, fogyasztás. Volt ezekben a kutatásokban, ahogy a bevezetőben is írja Kovács Éva, egy eredendő spontaneitás, amit ma grounded theory-nak nevezünk. És volt sok-sok beszélgetés a kutatók közt, az autóban, a Volán-buszon, melyek elillantak (verba volant…), s melyeket legfeljebb csak az életútinterjúk alapján rekonstruálhatunk, ha mozaikosan és részlegesen, az emlékezés sűrű szövetű szűrőjén átszűrve is. Ültek a kutatók együtt és hosszan-hosszan beszélgettek -de sajnos ezt nem dokumentálták. Ami jellemezte őket -a csodálkozás, a kíváncsiság, a termékeny bizonytalanság -, az szemben áll a</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Intim részletek. A magyar szociológia történetének hangoskönyve","attachmentId":118023800,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123638769/Intim_r%C3%A9szletek_A_magyar_szociol%C3%B3gia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_hangosk%C3%B6nyve","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123638769/Intim_r%C3%A9szletek_A_magyar_szociol%C3%B3gia_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9net%C3%A9nek_hangosk%C3%B6nyve"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="118591141" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius">Kossuth, Perczel és a szerb kérdés : 1849. március - június</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89049460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HermannR%C3%B3bert">Róbert Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A szabadságharc tábornokai közül egyetlen olyan személyről tudunk, akit már 1848 előtt politikai elvbarátság fűzött Kossuth Lajoshoz, s ez Perczel Mór volt. A népes Tolna megyei középnemesi családból származó Perczel rövid ideig hadapródként szolgált a cs. kir. hadsereg egyik tüzérezredében, azonban egy lengyelbarát szervezkedés miatt hadbírósági vizsgálatot indítottak ellene, s csak Pest és Tolna megye közbenjárására kapott kegyelmet. 1833-tól vett részt Tolna megye közéletében. 1836-ban szolgabíróvá választották, s a tisztújításokon a konzervatívokat pártolta. Később ugyan emlékirataiban azt állította, hogy fellépésével-amely a Bezerédj István-Csapó Dániel-féle liberális irányzat vereségét hozta-a radikális irányt akarta pártolni, ám az eredmény a konzervatívok győzelme volt. Rövidesen azonban a liberális ellenzékhez csatlakozott, s nagy vehemenciával vetette bele magát a választási küzdelmekbe. 1839-ben a követválasztásokon kitört verekedés miatt felfüggesztették főszolgabírói hivatalából, s vizsgálatot indítottak ellen. A szekszárdi vármegyeháza akkori elfoglalását később első jeles haditettének s hadvezéri képességei első megmutatkozásának mondta.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Kossuth, Perczel és a szerb kérdés : 1849. március - június","attachmentId":114180819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118591141/Kossuth_Perczel_%C3%A9s_a_szerb_k%C3%A9rd%C3%A9s_1849_m%C3%A1rcius_j%C3%BAnius"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":114180857,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":114180857,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_114180857" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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