CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"bcb61ecd7f",applicationID:"41752661"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/manifest.json"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/favicons/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <script> // Allow detecting when fb api is loaded. function Deferred() { var self = this; this.promise = new Promise( function( resolve, reject ) { self.reject = reject; self.resolve = resolve; }); } window.fbLoaded = new Deferred(); window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId : '2290108497977688', autoLogAppEvents : true, xfbml : true, version : 'v3.0' }); window.fbLoaded.resolve(); }; (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script>  <title>Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Professor and HHMI Investigator Leemor Joshua-Tor has been named CSHL Director of Research. She takes over the position effective January 2, 2024. Research at CSHL explores the frontiers of cancer, neuroscience, genomics, quantitative biology, and plant biology. The Joshua-Tor lab, one of more than 60 at CSHL, studies gene expression..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/cshlnews" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-01-02T12:35:35+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-13T12:44:03+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1920" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1080" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="Samuel Diamond" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@CSHL" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CSHL" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Samuel Diamond" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="2 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/"},"author":{"name":"Samuel Diamond","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#/schema/person/c19f7258ee950efda1e016d79018f07b"},"headline":"Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research","datePublished":"2024-01-02T12:35:35+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:44:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/"},"wordCount":269,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg","keywords":["cancer research","CSHL Cancer Center","David L. Spector","Genomics","Leemor Joshua-Tor","Neuroscience","Ph.D. Program","Plant Biology","Quantitative Biology"],"articleSection":["CSHL"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/","url":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/","name":"Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg","datePublished":"2024-01-02T12:35:35+00:00","dateModified":"2024-05-13T12:44:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg","width":1920,"height":1080,"caption":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Director of Research Leemor Joshua-Tor"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.cshl.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#website","url":"https://www.cshl.edu/","name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","description":"Founded in 1890, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a preeminent international research institution, achieving breakthroughs in molecular biology and genetics and enhancing scientific knowledge worldwide.","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.cshl.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#organization","name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","url":"https://www.cshl.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/placeholderImage-1.png","contentUrl":"https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/placeholderImage-1.png","width":1920,"height":1080,"caption":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/cshlnews","https://x.com/CSHL","https://www.instagram.com/cshlnews/","https://www.linkedin.com/school/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory/","https://www.youtube.com/user/ColdSpringHarborLab","https://x.com/cshl"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#/schema/person/c19f7258ee950efda1e016d79018f07b","name":"Samuel Diamond","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.cshl.edu/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c6ca5b330cd7128ece3db744f0c8d223?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c6ca5b330cd7128ece3db744f0c8d223?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Samuel Diamond"},"url":"https://www.cshl.edu/author/diamond/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.cshl.edu' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory » Feed" href="https://www.cshl.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory » Comments Feed" href="https://www.cshl.edu/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl_search_plugin_css_global-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/3sv-search-plugin/css/global-styles.css?version=0.0.1&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-share-style-file-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/ag-social-share/style.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-public.css?ver=3.2.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-gdpr.css?ver=3.2.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl-tag-cloud-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cshl-tag-cloud/css/cshl-tag-cloud.css?ver=2.25' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mfcf7_zl_button_style-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/multiline-files-for-contact-form-7/css/style.css?12&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wf_magnific_popup_styles-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wf-magnific-lightbox/css/magnific-popup.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wfml_custom-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wf-magnific-lightbox/css/wfml-custom.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animate-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-quiz-pro/assets/frontend/css/animate.css?ver=3.6.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-quiz-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-quiz-pro/assets/frontend/css/wp-quiz.css?ver=2.1.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ionicons-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/ionicons.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/fontawesome-6.4.2/css/all.min.css?version=6.4.2&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-shims-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/fontawesome-6.4.2/css/v4-shims.min.css?version=6.4.2&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-card-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/bootstrap-card.css?version=4.4.3&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl-coresite-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/style.css?version=1.16' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl-mycalendar-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/my-calendar.css?version=1.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='topnav-divisions-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/topnav-divisions.css?version=1.0.2&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='footer-divisions-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/footer-divisions.css?version=1.0.2&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl-coresite-division-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/css/division-nav-styles.css?version=1.0.5&ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='walcf7-datepicker-css-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-datetimepicker-pro/assets/css/jquery.datetimepicker.min.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cf7cf-style-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-conditional-fields/style.css?ver=2.4.15' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/3sv-search-plugin/js/global-scripts.js?version=0.0.1&ver=6.6.1" id="cshl_search_plugin_js_global-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"cookielist":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"ccpaType":"gdpr","js_blocking":"1","custom_integration":"","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; var cli_cookiebar_settings = {"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#ef4e22","border":"#b1a6a6c2","border_on":"","button_1_button_colour":"#ffffff","button_1_button_hover":"#cccccc","button_1_link_colour":"#000000","button_1_as_button":"1","button_1_new_win":"","button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#444","button_2_as_button":"","button_2_hidebar":"","button_3_button_colour":"#000000","button_3_button_hover":"#000000","button_3_link_colour":"#333333","button_3_as_button":"1","button_3_new_win":"","button_4_button_colour":"#ffffff","button_4_button_hover":"#cccccc","button_4_link_colour":"#333333","button_4_as_button":"1","button_7_button_colour":"#ffffff","button_7_button_hover":"#cccccc","button_7_link_colour":"#000000","button_7_as_button":"1","button_7_new_win":"","font_family":"inherit","header_fix":"","notify_animate_hide":"1","notify_animate_show":"","notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"right","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":"","scroll_close_reload":"","accept_close_reload":"","reject_close_reload":"","showagain_tab":"","showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#000000","show_once_yn":"","show_once":"10000","logging_on":"","as_popup":"","popup_overlay":"1","bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left"}; var log_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=3.2.5" id="cookie-law-info-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/multiline-files-for-contact-form-7/js/zl-multine-files.js?ver=6.6.1" id="mfcf7_zl_multiline_files_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/navigation.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/jquery-2.2.4.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/carousel.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl_coresite-carousel-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/megamenu.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/logopage.js?ver=6.6.1" id="logopage-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/list.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-list-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/jplist.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-coresite-pagination-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/stickyTabs.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-sticky-tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/responsiveTabs.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl-responsive-tabs-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/67544" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.cshl.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.cshl.edu/?p=67544' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cshl.edu%2Fjoshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cshl.edu%2Fjoshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research%2F&format=xml" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-HFBXK1T1DN"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-HFBXK1T1DN'); </script> <style type="text/css" id="pf-main-css"> @media print { .printfriendly { display: none; } } </style> <style type="text/css" id="pf-button-css">.printfriendly {margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px!important;} .printfriendly a img.pf-button-img { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-transition: all .2s ease-in-out; -o-transition: all .2s ease-in-out; transition: all .2s ease-in-out;} section#funding .printfriendly, section#citation .printfriendly { display:none!important; } article.personal_collections div.sidebar .printfriendly, article.library_news .printfriendly { display:none!important; } div#podcast-transcript .printfriendly {display:none;} </style> <style type="text/css" id="pf-excerpt-styles"> .pf-button.pf-button-excerpt { display: none; } </style> <style type="text/css">.broken_link, a.broken_link { color:red; } .broken_link::before, a.broken_link::before { content: " \2192 "; } .broken_link::after, a.broken_link::after { content: " \2190 "; }</style></head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-67544 single-format-standard drawer drawer--right group-blog"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link sr-only" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation"> <div id="search-toggle-new"><a role="button" class="search-toggle" href="#search-container" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="search-container" aria-label="Search CSHL"><i class="fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass" style="display:inline;color:#fff;"></i></a> </div> <div id="search-container" class="search-inline hide"> <form id="search-bar-form" action="/search-cshl" method="get"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10"> <label class="sr-only for="_search"> <span>Search CSHL …</span> </label> <div class="search-bar-form--input"> <input type="text" class="form-control search-box" placeholder="Search CSHL …" name="_search" id="search" aria-label="Search CSHL"/> <i class="fa-solid fa-magnifying-glass" style="display:inline;color:#fff;"></i> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <button type="submit" role="button" id="search-submit" class="btn btn-special" aria-label="Search CSHL submit button">Search</button> </div> <div class="col-md-12 section-search-wrap"> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <script> // Search toggle. $( '.search-toggle' ).on( 'click.cshl-coresite', function( event ) { event.preventDefault(); var that = $( this ), wrapper = $( '#search-container' ), container = that.find( 'a' ); that.toggleClass( 'active' ); wrapper.toggleClass( 'hide' ); /* if ( that.hasClass( 'active' ) ) { container.attr( 'aria-expanded', 'true' ); if ($(document).width() > 891) {// remove desktop hamburger menu $('.drawer-hamburger-icon').addClass('noTransition'); $('.drawer-toggle.drawer-hamburger').addClass('noTransition'); $('div.insite-nav').addClass('inVisible'); $('.drawer-hamburger-icon').addClass('inVisible'); $('.drawer-toggle.drawer-hamburger').addClass('inVisible'); } } else { container.attr( 'aria-expanded', 'false' ); if ($(document).width() > 891) {// restore desktop hamburger menu $('.drawer-hamburger-icon').removeClass('noTransition'); $('.drawer-toggle.drawer-hamburger').removeClass('noTransition'); $('div.insite-nav').removeClass('inVisible'); $('.drawer-hamburger-icon').removeClass('inVisible'); $('.drawer-toggle.drawer-hamburger').removeClass('inVisible'); } } */ if ( that.is( '.active' ) || $( '.search-toggle .screen-reader-text' )[0] === event.target ) { wrapper.find( '.search-field' ).focus(); } } ); </script> <div class="container-fluid" id="new-primary-wrapper"> <div id="new-primary-background"></div> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.cshl.edu/"> <span class="sr-only" aria-label="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory</span></a> </div> <div class="menu-container"> <div class="menu"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28878"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/">About Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28884"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28885"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/directions/">Directions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28886"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/leadership/">Leadership</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28887"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/cshl-president/">CSHL President</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30821"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/cshl-chief-operating-officer/">CSHL Chief Operating Officer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30820"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/administrative-departments/">Administrative Departments</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28888"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/board-of-trustees/">Board of Trustees</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28889"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/divisions/">Divisions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28890"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/size-and-reach/">Size and Reach: 2023</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28891"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28894"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/history/">History</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28895"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/history/a-lab-like-no-other/">A Lab Like No Other</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28896"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/history/discoveries-timeline/">Discoveries Timeline</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28897"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/history/institutes-directors-timeline/">Institutes & Directors Timeline</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28898"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/history/nobel-prize-winners/">Nobel Prize Winners</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-31837"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/how-one-family-secured-the-future-of-a-laboratory/">How one family secured the future of a laboratory</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-31840"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/good-genes-bad-science/">Good genes, bad science</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33174"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/dei/">Office of Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28899"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/careers/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28879"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/">Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28901"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/event-calendar/">Event Calendar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28902"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/lectures/">Lectures</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28903"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/concerts/">Concerts</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28904"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/tour-cshl/">Tour CSHL</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28880"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/">Newsstand</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28906"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/">CSHL Stories and Media</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28908"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28909"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/features/">Features</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-72187"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harborscope-blog/">Harbor<em>Scope</em> Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28910"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/blog/"><em>LabDish</em> Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28911"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/for-the-media/">For the Media</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28912"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/"><em>Harbor Transcript</em> magazine</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28913"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/newsletter/">Newsletter</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28914"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/podcast-library/">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28915"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/videos/">Video Library</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28916"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/logos/">Logos/Graphic identity guidelines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28881"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/">Partner With Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28917"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/technology-transfer/">Business Development & Technology Transfer</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28918"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/technology-transfer/technology-transfer-resources/">Technology Transfer Resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-43925"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/procurement/">Office of Procurement</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28919"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/office-of-sponsored-programsgrants/">Office of Sponsored Programs/Grants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29603"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/preprints/">Preprints</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28882"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28883"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/">Giving</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28920"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/donate/">Donate Now</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28921"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/annual-giving/">Annual Giving</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28922"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/planned-giving/">Planned Giving</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28923"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/funds-endowment/">Funds & Endowment</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28924"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/?page_id=19415">Giving Calendar</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28925"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/double-helix-medals-dinner/">Double Helix Medals dinner</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28926"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/double-helix-medals-dinner/attend/">Attend</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28927"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/double-helix-medals-dinner/press-package/">Press Package</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28928"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/double-helix-medals-dinner/dhmd-video/">Double Helix Medals Dinner Video</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28929"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/double-helix-medals-dinner/past-dhmd/">Past DHMD</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28930"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/golf-tournament/">CSHL’s 29th Annual Golf Tournament</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28931"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/womens-partnership-science/">Women’s Partnership for Science</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28932"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/cshl-association-directors/">CSHL Association Directors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28933"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/corporate-advisory-board/">Corporate Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28934"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/donors/">Honor Roll of Donors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28935"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/local-support/">Local Support</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28937"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28938"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/history/">History</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28939"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/contact/">Contact Giving</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul><ul id="primary-menu-right" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28870"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/">Education Programs</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28997"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/undergraduate-research-program/">Undergraduate Research Program</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28998"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/partners-for-the-future/">Partners for the Future</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48412"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/phd-program/">CSHL Graduate Program</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29000"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/postdoc-resources/">Postdoc Resources</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48410"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/center-for-humanities/">Center for Humanities & History of Modern Biology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28871"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/">Faculty</a></li> </ul><ul id="divisions-menu" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28872"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/">Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28873"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/banbury/">Banbury Center</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44209"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory-press/">CSHL Press</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28875"><a href="https://dnalc.cshl.edu/">DNA Learning Center</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28876"><a href="https://meetings.cshl.edu/">Meetings & Courses</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28877"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/phd-program/">Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div id="primary" class="col-sm-12"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main">  <div class="insite-nav"> <span>Newsstand Menu</span>  <button type="button" class="drawer-toggle drawer-hamburger"> <span class="sr-only">toggle navigation</span> <span class="drawer-hamburger-icon"></span> </button> </div>  <nav class="drawer-nav" role="navigation"> <ul class="drawer-menu"> <h3>Newsstand</h3> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <li class="page_item page-item-33286"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-in-the-news/">CSHL In the news</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2252 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/">CSHL Stories and Media</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-2253"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/news/">News</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2254"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/features/">Features</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-5886 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/for-the-media/">For the Media</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-10001"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/for-the-media/embargo-credentials/">Embargo Credentials</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-67521"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harborscope-blog/">Harbor<em>Scope</em> Blog</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2256"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/blog/"><em>LabDish</em> Blog</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2250 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/"><em>Harbor Transcript</em> magazine</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-64865 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/">Summer 2023</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-64045"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/bringing-bold-visions-to-life/">Bringing bold visions to life</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-64046"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/a-successful-transition/">A successful transition</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-64047"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/science-leads-the-way/">Science leads the way</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-64048"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/new-ideas-new-knowledge/">New ideas, new knowledge</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-64049"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2023/flexible-funding-is-crucial/">Flexible funding is crucial</a></li> </ul> </li> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-46394"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2020/the-lab-responds-to-covid-19/">The Lab responds to COVID-19</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46430"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2020/hands-on-learning-at-a-distance/">Hands-on learning, at a distance</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46451"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2020/operational-outlook/">Operational outlook</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46418"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2020/science-is-the-answer/">Science is the answer</a></li> </ul> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-53281"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2021/research-matters/">Research matters</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-53285"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2021/the-lab-remains-strong/">The Lab remains strong</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-53290"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2021/curiosity-is-the-foundation/">Curiosity is the foundation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-53549"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2021/connecting-to-science/">Connecting to science</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-53449"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2021/science-is-hope/">Science is hope</a></li> </ul> <li class="page_item page-item-58180 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/">Summer 2022</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-58202"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/foundations-for-the-future/">Foundations for the future</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-58209"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/embracing-change/">Embracing change</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-58176"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/more-to-discover/">More to discover</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-59599"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/a-destination-for-scientists/">A destination for scientists</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-58193"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/harbor-transcript/summer-2022/hope-sparks-new-initiatives/">Hope sparks new initiatives</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13639 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/podcast-library/">Podcasts</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-68809"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/podcast-library/at-the-lab/"><em>At the Lab</em></a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-67958"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/podcast-library/base-pairs/"><em>Base Pairs</em></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2251 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/newsletter/">Newsletter</a> <ul class='children'> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-1075"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/videos/">Video Library</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-62408"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/story-topics/">Story Topics</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-1335"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/logos/">Logos/Graphic identity guidelines</a></li> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> <ul class='children'> </ul> </ul> </nav>  <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1"> <p id="breadcrumbs" class="detailbread"><span><a href="https://www.cshl.edu">Home</a> / <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/">Newsstand</a> / <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/cshl-stories/">CSHL Stories and Media</a></span></p> </div> </div> <article id="post-67544" class="post-67544 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cshl tag-cancer-research tag-cshl-cancer-center tag-david-l-spector tag-genomics tag-leemor-joshua-tor tag-neuroscience tag-phd-program tag-plant-biology tag-quantitative-biology">  <header> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-offset-right-1 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h1>Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research</h1> </div> </div> </header>  <div class="row area-start"> <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-offset-right-1 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Joshua-Tor.jpg" alt="image of Leemor Joshua-Tor" /><figcaption class="cshl-post-caption">Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Director of Research Leemor Joshua-Tor</figcaption></div> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-offset-right-1 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="entry-meta article-date top-margin-20 bottom-margin-25"><em> Read time 2 minutes | <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="Tuesday, 2 January 2024">Tuesday, 2 January 2024</time></span> </em> <div class="social-share-wrapper"><span class='email'><a href='mailto:?Subject=Joshua-Tor named CSHL Director of Research&Body=https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/'><i class='fa-solid fa-square-envelope fa-3x social-share-icon ag-mail' aria-hidden='true'><span class='sr-only'>email envelop icon</span></i></a></span><span class='twitter'><a target='_blank' href='https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/'><i class='fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-3x social-share-icon x-twitter' aria-hidden='true'><span class='sr-only'>twitter icon share button</span></i></a></span><span class='facebook'><a target='_blank' href='http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/'><i class='fa-brands fa-square-facebook fa-3x social-share-icon ag-facebook' aria-hidden='true'><span class='sr-only'>facebook icon share button</span></i></a></span><span class='linkedin'><a target='_blank' href='http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://www.cshl.edu/joshua-tor-named-cshl-director-of-research/'><i class='fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-3x social-share-icon ag-linkedin' aria-hidden='true'><span class='sr-only'>linkedin icon share button</span></i></a></span><div class='clear'></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row area-start">  <div class="col-lg-7 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="printfriendly pf-button pf-button-content pf-alignleft"><a href="#" rel="nofollow" onClick="window.print(); return false;" title="Printer Friendly, PDF & Email"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/print_pdf_icon.png" alt="Print Friendly, PDF & Email" class="pf-button-img" style="width: 124px;height: 36px;" /></a></div><p>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Professor and HHMI Investigator <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/leemor-joshua-tor/">Leemor Joshua-Tor</a> has been named CSHL Director of Research. She takes over the position effective January 2, 2024.</p> <p>Research at CSHL explores the frontiers of cancer, neuroscience, genomics, quantitative biology, and plant biology. The Joshua-Tor lab, one of more than 60 at CSHL, studies gene expression and DNA replication.</p> <p>“I am immensely proud to follow in a long line of research directors who have helped to advance bioscience here at CSHL and worldwide,” she says. “I’m especially excited to work with <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/bruce-stillman/">CSHL President & CEO Bruce Stillman</a> as we go deeper into new areas of research and continue to recruit the top minds from across the globe.”</p> <p>Joshua-Tor launched her independent research career at CSHL. She credits the institution with helping her become the successful scientist she is today. Her previous posts include <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/cancer/">CSHL Cancer Center</a> program co-leader and dean of CSHL’s <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/phd-program/">School of Biological Sciences</a>, among others.</p> <p>“Leemor Joshua-Tor is one of the most gifted researchers I’ve had the pleasure of working and collaborating with,” says Stillman. “Her leadership will be invaluable as CSHL expands its research program with the support of the <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/foundations-for-the-future-blueprint-for-tomorrow/">Foundations for the Future</a> campaign.”</p> <p>Joshua-Tor follows in the footsteps of <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-l-spector/">David Spector</a>, who served as research director since 2007. Spector will remain at CSHL as a professor.</p> <p>“Leemor Joshua-Tor is an ideal choice to head up CSHL’s research program,” says Spector. “And I am excited to watch her impact on its future directions.”</p> <p>For a sneak peek, read our feature article, “<a href="https://www.cshl.edu/dream-big-a-powerful-vision-for-cshl-research/">Dream big: a powerful vision for CSHL research</a>.”</p> <p><strong>Written by</strong>: <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/author/diamond/">Samuel Diamond</a>, <em>Editorial Content Manager</em> | <a href="mailto:diamond@cshl.edu">diamond@cshl.edu</a> | 516-367-5055</p><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div id="newsletter" class="panel panel-cshl"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4> Stay informed </h4> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <p>Sign up for our newsletter to get the latest discoveries, upcoming events, videos, podcasts, and a news roundup delivered straight to your inbox every month. </p> <p class="text-center"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/newsletter/" class="btn btn-lg btn-learn-more-ag-gold"><span class="fa fa-envelope"></span>   Newsletter Signup</a></p> </div></div></div> </div>   <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-lg-offset-right-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h3 class="top-margin-0">Tags</h3><div class="post-cloud"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/cancer-research/" rel="tag">cancer research</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/cshl-cancer-center/" rel="tag">CSHL Cancer Center</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/david-l-spector/" rel="tag">David L. Spector</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/genomics/" rel="tag">Genomics</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/leemor-joshua-tor/" rel="tag">Leemor Joshua-Tor</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/neuroscience/" rel="tag">Neuroscience</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/phd-program/" rel="tag">Ph.D. Program</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/plant-biology/" rel="tag">Plant Biology</a> <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/tag/quantitative-biology/" rel="tag">Quantitative Biology</a></div> <div>  </div>  </div> </article> <div class='yarpp yarpp-related yarpp-related-widget yarpp-template-yarpp-template-cshl-related-content'> <style> .related-content-tile { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid rgb(212,212,212); height: 400px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .related-content-tile a:hover { text-decoration: none; } .related-content-teaser { color:#fff; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; background: rgb(0,73,130) !important; transition-property: all; transition-duration: .5s; transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.5, 1); height: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; opacity: 0.95; font-size: 1.0em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; font-family: 'Noto Serif',serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 25.5px; } .related-content-teaser-content { padding: 20px; } .related-content-tile:hover { cursor: pointer; } .related-content-tile:hover .related-content-teaser { z-index: 1; height: 400px; } .related-content-tile p:first-child { display: none; } .related-content-tile h4 { padding: 0 10px 10px; font-family: 'Source Sans Pro',sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.5px; color:#444; } .related-content-meta, .related-content-tile a { color:#444; } .related-content-tile a:hover { color:#444; } @media only screen and (min-width: 769px) { .related-content-tile h4 { font-size:23px; line-height: 28.5px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; } } .related-content-meta { /*padding: 0 10px;*/ position: absolute; bottom: 10px; left: 0; border: rgb(212,212,212) !important; font-family: 'Noto Serif',serif; } p.related-content-meta { margin-bottom:0; font-size:15px; } .related-content-meta a { border: rgb(212,212,212) !important; } .related-content-tile-img { margin-bottom: 10px; width: 100%; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; height:75%; } @media (max-width: 375px) { .related-content-tile-img { height:60%; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .related-content-tile-img { height:55%; } } @media (min-width: 1200px) { .related-content-tile-img { height:65%; } } @media (min-width: 1367px) { .related-content-tile-img { height:60%; } } .yarpp-related h3 { font-size: 28px!important; line-height: 31px; font-weight:400!important; } </style> <hr /><h3>DISCOVER: Related stories</h3><div class="row"><a rel="external" href="https://www.cshl.edu/research-profile-leemor-joshua-tor/"> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="related-content-tile"> <div class="related-content-tile-img" style="background-image:url(https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/HT-Leemor_Joshua-Torr-Research-profile-814x509.jpg)"></div><h4>Research profile: Leemor Joshua-Tor</h4><div class="related-content-teaser"><div class="related-content-teaser-content">A CSHL faculty member since 1995, a professor since 2005, Joshua-Tor is among the most distinguished members of the Laboratory community.   <strong>Read more »</strong></div></div><p class="related-content-meta">   <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> November 27, 2017</p></div></div></a><a rel="external" href="https://www.cshl.edu/labdish/what-makes-a-great-scientist-tick/"> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="related-content-tile"> <div class="related-content-tile-img" style="background-image:url(https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/nuclear-speckles-814x509.jpg)"></div><h4>What makes a great scientist tick?</h4><div class="related-content-teaser"><div class="related-content-teaser-content">Cold Spring Harbor High School student Skyler Palatnick interviews David L. Spector on his career as a cancer researcher.   <strong>Read more »</strong></div></div><p class="related-content-meta">   <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> March 4, 2014</p></div></div></a><a rel="external" href="https://www.cshl.edu/portrait-of-a-neuroscience-powerhouse/"> <div class="col-md-4"><div class="related-content-tile"> <div class="related-content-tile-img" style="background-image:url(https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Heros_NeuroMicro-814x509.jpg)"></div><h4>Portrait of a Neuroscience Powerhouse</h4><div class="related-content-teaser"><div class="related-content-teaser-content">A relatively small neuroscience group at CSHL is having an outsized impact on a dynamic and highly competitive field   <strong>Read more »</strong></div></div><p class="related-content-meta">   <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> April 27, 2018</p></div></div></a></div><hr/> </div> </main> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container-fluid"> <section> <br/> </section> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-offset-1 col-lg-11 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 bottom-footer-column"> <h3 class="footer-contact-h3">Main Menu</h3> <ul id="footer-column-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29002"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29003"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/public-events/">Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29004"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/news-stand/">Newsstand</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29005"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/">Partner With Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29006"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29007"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/giving/">Giving</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29008"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/">Education Programs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29009"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/">Faculty</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 bottom-footer-column"> <h3 class="footer-contact-h3">Divisions</h3> <ul id="footer-column-2" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29010"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/">Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29011"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/banbury/">Banbury Center</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-71890"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/education/center-for-humanities/">Center for Humanities</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44208"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory-press/">CSHL Press</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-55709"><a href="https://dnalc.cshl.edu/">DNA Learning Center</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-55710"><a href="https://meetings.cshl.edu/">Meetings & Courses Program</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29015"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/phd-program/">Ph.D. Program</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 bottom-footer-column"> <h3 class="footer-contact-h3">Resources</h3> <ul id="footer-column-3" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-51877"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/archives/">CSHL Archives</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-51876"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/cshl-library/">Library</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29606"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/partner-with-us/preprints/">Preprints</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67185"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/non-discrimination/">Non-discrimination</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-49560"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/CSHL_Whistleblower_Policy_Amended_and_Restated_02032022.pdf">Whistleblower Policy (pdf)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-60335"><a href="https://transparency-in-coverage.uhc.com/">UHC Medical Transparency in Coverage <span class="fa fa-external-link"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-xs-12 bottom-footer-column" id="footer-contact-column">  <div id="custom_html-6" ><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><h3 class="footer-contact-h3">Contact</h3> <p class="contact"><a href="tel:1-516-367-8800"><span class="fa-solid fa-square-phone fa-lg"></span> 516-367-8800</a><br/> <a href="mailto:info@cshl.edu"><span class="fa-solid fa-envelope fa-lg"></span> info@cshl.edu</a><br> <a href="/about-us/directions/"><span class="fa-solid fa-map-location-dot fa-lg"></span> Maps & Directions</a></p> <p><a href="https://give.cshl.edu/" class="btn btn-learn-more-ag-green"><span class="fa-solid fa-gift fa-lg"></span>   Donate Now</a></p> <p><a href="/news-stand/newsletter/" class="btn btn-learn-more-ag-green"><span class="fa-solid fa-envelope fa-lg"></span>   Newsletter</a></p> <h3 class="footer-contact-h3">Connect with CSHL</h3> <p class="social"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/cshlnews" title="like us on Facebook"><span class="fa-brands fa-square-facebook fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="http://twitter.com/cshl" title="follow us on Twitter"><span class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="http://instagram.com/cshlnews" title="view our photos on Instagram"><span class="fa-brands fa-square-instagram fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="http://www.youtube.com/ColdSpringHarborLab" title="visit CSHL on Youtube"><span class="fa-brands fa-square-youtube fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/cold-spring-harbor-laboratory/" title="connect with CSHL on Linkedin"><span class="fa-brands fa-linkedin fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/193589911@N05/albums" title="view our photos on Flickr"><span class="fa-brands fa-flickr fa-2x"></span></a>   <a href="/feed" title="CSHL RSS feed"><span class="fa-solid fa-square-rss fa-2x"></span></a></p></div></div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="row footer-copyright"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <p class="small">© 2024 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <p class="small text-center">One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-12"> <p class="pull-right small"><a href="/about-us/sitemap/">Sitemap</a> | <a href="/about-us/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="/about-us/web-accessibility/">Web Accessibility</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span><div class="cli-bar-container cli-style-v2"><div class="cli-bar-message">Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience on the site. By clicking "continue" or by continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies as detailed in our <a href="https://www.cshl.edu/about-us/privacy-policy/"><strong>Privacy Policy</strong></a>.</div><div class="cli-bar-btn_container"><a role='button' data-cli_action="accept" id="cookie_action_close_header" class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button wt-cli-accept-btn">CONTINUE</a></div></div></span></div><div id="cookie-law-info-again" data-nosnippet="true"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Manage consent</span></div><div class="cli-modal" data-nosnippet="true" id="cliSettingsPopup" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cliSettingsPopup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> <button type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> <svg class="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> </button> <div class="cli-modal-body"> <div class="cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> <h4>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.</div> </div> <a class="cli-privacy-readmore" aria-label="Show more" role="button" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> </div> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container"> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Necessary </a> <div class="wt-cli-necessary-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary" data-id="checkbox-necessary" checked="checked" /> <label class="form-check-label" for="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary">Necessary</label> </div> <span class="cli-necessary-caption">Always Enabled</span> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. <table class="cookielawinfo-row-cat-table cookielawinfo-winter"><thead><tr><th class="cookielawinfo-column-1">Cookie</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-3">Duration</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-4">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-others</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">viewed_cookie_policy</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="functional" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Functional </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-functional" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Functional</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="functional"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="performance" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Performance </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-performance" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Performance</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="performance"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="analytics" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Analytics </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-analytics" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Analytics</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="analytics"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="advertisement" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Advertisement </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-advertisement" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Advertisement</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="advertisement"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="others" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Others </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-others" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Others</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="others"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-footer"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">SAVE & ACCEPT</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div>  <script> function cshlTagCloudToggle( element ) { var parent = element.closest('.cshl-tag-cloud'); parent.querySelector('.cshl-tag-cloud-inner').classList.toggle('cshl-tag-cloud-active'); parent.querySelector( '.cshl-tag-cloud-load-more').classList.toggle('cshl-tag-cloud-active'); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <printfriendly-options data-selectors="contentSelectors=.status-publish;" data-fallback-strategy="original"></printfriendly-options> <script type="text/javascript" id="pf_script"> var pfHeaderImgUrl = 'https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cshllogo_standard_pdfprint.png'; var pfHeaderTagline = ''; var pfdisableClickToDel = '1'; var pfImagesSize = 'full-size'; var pfImageDisplayStyle = 'block'; var pfEncodeImages = '0'; var pfShowHiddenContent = '0'; var pfDisableEmail = '1'; var pfDisablePDF = '0'; var pfDisablePrint = '0'; var pfPlatform = 'WordPress'; (function($){ $(document).ready(function(){ if($('.pf-button-content').length === 0){ $('style#pf-excerpt-styles').remove(); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script defer src='https://cdn.printfriendly.com/printfriendly.js'></script> <printfriendly-css style="display: none;">#newsletter, #social-share, nav ul.pager { display:none!important; } .takeaway-box { margin-bottom:25px!important; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc!important; } #pf-header-img { margin: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 5px !important; height: auto; width: 300px !important; }</printfriendly-css> <link rel='stylesheet' id='soundcite-css' href='https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/soundcite/latest/css/player.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cshl_offnav_css-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cshl-offnav/css/cshl-offnav.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='yarppRelatedCss-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/yet-another-related-posts-plugin/style/related.css?ver=5.30.10' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-table-css' href='https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-table.css?ver=3.2.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-repeatable-fields/dist/scripts.js?ver=2.0.1" id="wpcf7-field-group-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wf-magnific-lightbox/js/jquery.magnific-popup.min.1.0.1.js?ver=1.0" id="wf_magnific_popup_scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wfml_init-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WfmlOptions = {"lang":"en"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/wf-magnific-lightbox/js/wfml-init.js?ver=1.4" id="wfml_init-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/drawer.js?ver=%20" id="cshl-coresite-drawer-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/iscroll.min.js?ver=%20" id="cshl-coresite-iscroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/themes/cshl-coresite/js/skip-link-focus-fix.js?ver=20151215" id="cshl-coresite-skip-link-focus-fix-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-datetimepicker-pro/assets/js/jquery.datetimepicker.full.js?ver=6.6.1" id="walcf7-datepicker-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="walcf7_datepicker-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var walcf7_conf = {"dtp_language":"en","theme":"default","mask":"","format":"m-d-Y","time_steps":"15","time_format":"H:i","default_time":"09:00","show_ampm":"","ampm":"","dayOfWeekStart":"0","disabled_date":"enabled","dtp_weekend":"0, 6","dtp_disable_today":"","dtp_disable_weekend":"","dtp_disable_special":"","max_date":"","min_date":"","min_time":"","max_time":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-datetimepicker-pro/assets/js/datetimepicker.js?ver=6.6.1" id="walcf7_datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7cf-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7cf_global_settings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cf7-conditional-fields/js/scripts.js?ver=2.4.15" id="wpcf7cf-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6Ld1PKMmAAAAAO6GyWg6iccuUq_7pQfLkq73NmVL&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = {"sitekey":"6Ld1PKMmAAAAAO6GyWg6iccuUq_7pQfLkq73NmVL","actions":{"homepage":"homepage","contactform":"contactform"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/soundcite/latest/js/soundcite.min.js?ver=6.6.1" id="soundcite-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="soundcite-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var SOUNDCITE_CONFIG = {background_color: '#004982' }; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/cshl-offnav/js/cshl-offnav.js?ver=6.6.1" id="cshl_offnav_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="mc.mcjs-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var my_calendar = {"grid":"","list":"true","mini":"true","ajax":"true","links":"false","newWindow":"New tab","subscribe":"Subscribe","export":"Export"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/plugins/my-calendar/js/mcjs.min.js?ver=3.5.11" id="mc.mcjs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"bcb61ecd7f","applicationID":"41752661","transactionName":"Y10DYRZVDRFUWhBYW1oXIFYQXQwMGkoNX1NYXQ==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1112,"atts":"TxoAF15PHh8=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>