CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Joseph Goebbels - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a95fd8ff-4f66-433e-9d17-d1b02b56e7e5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Joseph_Goebbels","wgTitle":"Joseph Goebbels","wgCurRevisionId":1260854518,"wgRevisionId":1260854518,"wgArticleId":15777,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Good articles","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages","Use British English from November 2024","Use dmy dates from March 2020","Articles containing German-language text","Articles with hAudio microformats","Pages with German IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","CS1 German-language sources (de)", "Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'","Articles with excerpts","Articles containing French-language text","Joseph Goebbels","1897 births","1945 suicides","1945 deaths","20th-century chancellors of Germany","20th-century German diarists","20th-century philologists","Adolf Hitler","Antisemitism in Germany","Filicides in Germany","Gauleiters","German anti-capitalists","German anti-communists","German conspiracy theorists","German mass murderers","German murderers of children","German nationalists","German philologists","German politicians who died by suicide","German people of Dutch descent","German people of World War II","German propagandists","Goebbels family","Government ministers with disabilities","German politicians with disabilities","Heidelberg University alumni","Holocaust perpetrators","Joint suicides by Nazis","Kirchenkampf","Members of the Academy for German Law", "Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932","Members of the Reichstag 1928–1930","Murder–suicides in Germany","National Socialist Working Association members","Government ministers of Nazi Germany","Nazi Party officials","Nazi Party politicians","Nazi propagandists","Nazis who died by suicide in Nazi Germany","Politicians from Mönchengladbach","Politicians from the Rhine Province","Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games","Quandt family","Reichsleiters","Suicides by firearm in Germany","University of Bonn alumni","University of Freiburg alumni","University of Würzburg alumni","Volkssturm personnel","Members of the Reichstag 1932","Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933","Members of the Reichstag 1933","Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936","Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938","Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Joseph_Goebbels","wgRelevantArticleId": 15777,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1260854518,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q41749","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1611"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1074"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="859"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Joseph Goebbels - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Joseph_Goebbels rootpage-Joseph_Goebbels skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joseph+Goebbels" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joseph+Goebbels" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Joseph+Goebbels" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joseph+Goebbels" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life,_education,_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life,_education,_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life, education, and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_education,_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_activist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_activist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Nazi activist </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_activist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propagandist_in_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagandist_in_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Propagandist in Berlin </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propagandist_in_Berlin-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Propagandist in Berlin subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Propagandist_in_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gauleiter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gauleiter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Gauleiter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gauleiter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1928_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1928_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 1928 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1928_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Great_Depression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Depression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Great Depression </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Depression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_Hitler's_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_Hitler's_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Role in Hitler's government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Role_in_Hitler's_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Role in Hitler's government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Role_in_Hitler's_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Workings_of_the_Ministry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Workings_of_the_Ministry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Workings of the Ministry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Workings_of_the_Ministry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_struggle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_struggle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Church struggle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_struggle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antisemitism_and_the_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitism_and_the_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Antisemitism and the Holocaust </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitism_and_the_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 World War II </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle World War II subsection </button> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plenipotentiary_for_total_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plenipotentiary_for_total_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Plenipotentiary for total war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plenipotentiary_for_total_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defeat_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Defeat and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defeat_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Family life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informational_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informational_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Informational notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informational_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Joseph Goebbels</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" > 100 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="يوزف غوبلز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوزف غوبلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yozef_Gebbels" title="Yozef Gebbels – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yozef Gebbels" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8" title="জোসেফ গোয়েবলস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোসেফ গোয়েবলস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%81%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Паўль Ёзэф Гебельс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паўль Ёзэф Гебельс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%84_%D0%93%D1%91%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Ёзэф Гёбэльс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёзэф Гёбэльс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Йозеф Гьобелс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йозеф Гьобелс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%86_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Γιόζεφ Γκαίμπελς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιόζεφ Γκαίμπελς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B3" title="یوزف گوبلس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوزف گوبلس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%EA%B4%B4%EB%B2%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="요제프 괴벨스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요제프 괴벨스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%86_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD" title="Յոզեֆ Գեբելս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոզեֆ Գեբելս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A3_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="יוזף גבלס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוזף גבלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಗಬೆಲ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಗಬೆಲ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იოზეფ გებელსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოზეფ გებელსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Goebbels" title="Iosephus Goebbels – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jozefs_Gebelss" title="Jozefs Gebelss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jozefs Gebelss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Јозеф Гебелс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јозеф Гебелс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജോസഫ് ഗീബൽസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോസഫ് ഗീബൽസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="योजेफ ग्यॉबेल्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="योजेफ ग्यॉबेल्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="იოზეფ გებელსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იოზეფ გებელსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="باول جوزيف جوبلز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باول جوزيف جوبلز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Йозеф Геббельс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Йозеф Геббельс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျိုးဇက် ဂိုဘဲလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိုးဇက် ဂိုဘဲလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%83%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ヨーゼフ・ゲッベルス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーゼフ・ゲッベルス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਜੋਜ਼ਫ਼ ਗੋਇਬਲਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਜ਼ਫ਼ ਗੋਇਬਲਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="جوزف گوئیبلز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوزف گوئیبلز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="یوزف ګوبلز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="یوزف ګوبلز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Йозеф Ґеббелс – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йозеф Ґеббелс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Геббельс, Йозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геббельс, Йозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhozef_G%C3%ABbels" title="Xhozef Gëbels – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhozef Gëbels" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ජෝසෆ් ගොබල්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝසෆ් ගොබල්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8E%D9%81_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%A8%DA%B5%D8%B2" title="جۆزێف گۆبڵز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جۆزێف گۆبڵز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Јозеф Гебелс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јозеф Гебелс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோசப் கோயபெல்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோசப் கோயபெல்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="โยเซ็ฟ เกิบเบิลส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โยเซ็ฟ เกิบเบิลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Йозеф Геббельс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йозеф Геббельс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%81_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="جوزیف گوئبلز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوزیف گوئبلز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%9F%B9%E5%B0%94" title="约瑟夫·戈培尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约瑟夫·戈培尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A3_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="יאזעף געבעלס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאזעף געבעלס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%9F%B9%E7%88%BE" title="戈培爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戈培爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Joseph Goebbels" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%9F%B9%E7%88%BE" title="約瑟夫·戈培爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約瑟夫·戈培爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41749#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Goebbels" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Joseph_Goebbels" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Joseph_Goebbels" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&oldid=1260854518" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Joseph_Goebbels&id=1260854518&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoseph_Goebbels">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJoseph_Goebbels">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Joseph_Goebbels&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Goebbels" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Goebbels" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41749" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle">Checked</indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2>This is an accepted version of this page</div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Joseph_Goebbels">reviewed</a> on 2 December 2024.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nazi politician and Propaganda Minister (1897–1945)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Goebbels" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goebbels_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Goebbels (disambiguation)">Goebbels (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reichsleiter" title="Reichsleiter">Reichsleiter</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Joseph Goebbels</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A,_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="768" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Goebbels in 1933</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 30 April – 1 May 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk</a> (as Leading Minister)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_ch">[1]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Stadtpräsident of Berlin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 April 1944 – 1 May 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Steeg" title="Ludwig Steeg">Ludwig Steeg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reichsminister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 14 March 1933 – 30 April 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data">Adolf Hitler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Naumann" title="Werner Naumann">Werner Naumann</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a> of Berlin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 26 October 1926 – 1 May 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Führer</th><td class="infobox-data">Adolf Hitler</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schlange" title="Ernst Schlange">Ernst Schlange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Office abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Additional positions</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>1944–1945</th><td class="infobox-data">Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Gau Berlin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1944—1945</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Plenipotentiary_for_Total_War" title="Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War">Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1933–1945</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reichsleiter" title="Reichsleiter">Reichsleiter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Workers%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist German Workers' Party">National Socialist German Workers' Party</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1933—1945</th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Greater German Reichstag</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">1928–1933</th><td class="infobox-data">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Paul Joseph Goebbels</div> (1897-10-29)29 October 1897 <a href="/wiki/Rheydt" title="Rheydt">Rheydt</a>, German Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1945(1945-05-01) (aged 47) Berlin, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Suicide (<a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">cyanide poisoning</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">gunshot</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (from 1924)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Magda_Goebbels" title="Magda Goebbels">Magda Ritschel</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1931)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children" title="Goebbels children">Goebbels children</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">University of Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">University of Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>, 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propagandist</a></li><li>politician</li><li><a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Goebbels's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg/128px-Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg/192px-Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg/256px-Joseph_Goebbels_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="115" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Goebbels_Rede_im_Berliner_Sportpalast_1943.ogg" title="File:Joseph Goebbels Rede im Berliner Sportpalast 1943.ogg">Joseph Goebbels' voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="6531" data-mwtitle="Joseph_Goebbels_Rede_im_Berliner_Sportpalast_1943.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Joseph_Goebbels_Rede_im_Berliner_Sportpalast_1943.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Joseph_Goebbels_Rede_im_Berliner_Sportpalast_1943.ogg/Joseph_Goebbels_Rede_im_Berliner_Sportpalast_1943.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Sportpalast_speech" title="Sportpalast speech">Joseph Goebbels' famous speech in the Sportpalast in Berlin</a> Recorded on 18 February 1943</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_ch">^</a> Formally titled "Leading Minister" or "Chief Minister" (Leitender Minister)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157919884">.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person{border:4px double #d69d36}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-title{font-size:110%;padding:0;line-height:150%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title-image{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title{background-color:#002466;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person-title>div{font-size:88%;line-height:normal}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-content{padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-person .sidebar-navbar{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#964B00;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/75px-Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/113px-Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Joseph_Goebbels_Side_Portrait_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="669" /></a></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#964B00;color: #FFF;"><div>This article is part of a series about</div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Goebbels</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children" title="Goebbels children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Bogensee" title="Villa Bogensee">Villa Bogensee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksempf%C3%A4nger" title="Volksempfänger">Volksempfänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler">Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Minister of Propaganda</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_v._Rosenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels v. Rosenberg">Goebbels v. Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Day" title="Potsdam Day">Potsdam Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Plenipotentiary_for_Total_War" title="Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War">Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Cultural_Senate" title="Reich Cultural Senate">Reich Cultural Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Nazism and cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jud_S%C3%BC%C3%9F" title="Jud Süß">Jud Süß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportpalast_speech" title="Sportpalast speech">Sportpalast speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Diaries" title="Goebbels Diaries">Diaries</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style=""><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_cabinet" title="Goebbels cabinet">Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Legacy</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_gap" title="Goebbels gap">Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels:_A_Biography" title="Goebbels: A Biography">Goebbels: A Biography</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Joseph_Goebbels_series" title="Template:Joseph Goebbels series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Joseph_Goebbels_series" title="Template talk:Joseph Goebbels series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph_Goebbels_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Joseph Goebbels series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Paul Joseph Goebbels (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>German: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈpaʊ̯l ˈjoːzɛf ˈɡœbl̩s]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b9\/De-Paul_Joseph_Goebbels.oga\/De-Paul_Joseph_Goebbels.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Paul Joseph Goebbels.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/De-Paul_Joseph_Goebbels.oga/De-Paul_Joseph_Goebbels.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:De-Paul_Joseph_Goebbels.oga" title="File:De-Paul Joseph Goebbels.oga">ⓘ</a>; 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a> who was the <a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a> (district leader) of Berlin, chief <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">propagandist</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reich Minister of Propaganda</a> from 1933 to 1945. He was one of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s closest and most devoted followers, known for his skills in <a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">public speaking</a> and his deeply virulent <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> which was evident in his publicly voiced views. He advocated progressively harsher discrimination, including the extermination of the Jews in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>. Goebbels, who aspired to be an author, obtained a doctorate in philology from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a> in 1921. He joined the Nazi Party in 1924, and worked with <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a> in its northern branch. He was appointed Gauleiter of Berlin in 1926, where he began to take an interest in the use of propaganda to promote the party and its programme. After the <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Nazis came to power</a> in 1933, Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry quickly gained control over the news media, arts and information in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. He was particularly adept at using the relatively new media of radio and film for propaganda purposes. Topics for party propaganda included antisemitism, attacks on Christian churches, and (after the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>) attempts to shape morale. In 1943, Goebbels began to pressure Hitler to introduce measures that would produce "<a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">total war</a>", including closing businesses not essential to the war effort, conscripting women into the labour force, and enlisting men in previously exempt occupations into the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. Hitler finally appointed him as <a href="/wiki/Reich_Plenipotentiary_for_Total_War" title="Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War">Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War</a> on 23 July 1944, whereby Goebbels undertook largely unsuccessful measures to increase the number of people available for armaments manufacture and the Wehrmacht. As the war drew to a close and Nazi Germany faced defeat, <a href="/wiki/Magda_Goebbels" title="Magda Goebbels">Magda Goebbels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children" title="Goebbels children">Goebbels children</a> joined Hitler in Berlin. They moved into the underground <a href="/wiki/Vorbunker" title="Vorbunker">Vorbunker</a>, part of Hitler's underground bunker complex, on 22 April 1945. <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Death of Adolf Hitler">Hitler committed suicide</a> on 30 April. In accordance with <a href="/wiki/Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler">Hitler's will</a>, Goebbels succeeded him as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>; he served one day in this post. The following day, Goebbels and his wife Magda committed suicide, after having poisoned their six children with <a href="/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning" title="Cyanide poisoning">a cyanide compound</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education,_and_relationships">Early life, education, and relationships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education, and relationships">edit</a>]</div> Paul Joseph Goebbels was born on 29 October 1897 in <a href="/wiki/Rheydt" title="Rheydt">Rheydt</a>, an industrial town south of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a> near <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20155-1">[1]</a> Both of his parents were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> with modest family backgrounds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20155-1">[1]</a> His father, Fritz, was a German factory clerk; his mother, Katharina Maria (née Odenhausen), was born to <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> and German parents in a Dutch village close to the border with Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20102,_299-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth1994339-3">[3]</a> Goebbels had five siblings: Konrad (1893–1949), Hans (1895–1947), Maria (1896–1896), Elisabeth (1901–1915) and Maria (1910–1949),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20155-1">[1]</a> who married the German filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Max_W._Kimmich" title="Max W. Kimmich">Max W. Kimmich</a> in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHull1969149-4">[4]</a> In 1932 Goebbels commissioned the publication of a pamphlet of his family tree to refute the rumours that his maternal grandmother was of Jewish ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010299-5">[5]</a> During childhood Goebbels experienced ill health, which included a long bout of inflammation of the lungs. He had a <a href="/wiki/Clubfoot" title="Clubfoot">deformed right foot</a>, which turned inwards and was due to a <a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">congenital disorder</a>. It was thicker and shorter than his left foot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20155-1">[1]</a> Just prior to starting grammar school he underwent an operation, which failed to correct the problem.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20156-6">[6]</a> Goebbels wore a metal brace and a special shoe because of his shortened leg and walked with a limp. He was rejected for military service in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> because of this deformity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201514-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goebbels_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goebbels_1916.jpg/170px-Goebbels_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goebbels_1916.jpg/255px-Goebbels_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Goebbels_1916.jpg/340px-Goebbels_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Goebbels in 1916</figcaption></figure> Goebbels was educated at a <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a>, where he completed his <a href="/wiki/Abitur" title="Abitur">Abitur</a> (university entrance examination) in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20107-8">[8]</a> He was the top student of his class and was given the traditional honour of speaking at the awards ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201510-9">[9]</a> His parents initially hoped that he would become a Catholic priest, which Goebbels seriously considered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106-10">[10]</a> He studied literature and history at the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="University of Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Munich</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201010–11,_14-11">[11]</a> aided by a scholarship from the Albertus Magnus Society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106–7-12">[12]</a> By this time Goebbels had begun to distance himself from the church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201014-13">[13]</a> Historians, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Richard J. Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Manvell" title="Roger Manvell">Roger Manvell</a>, speculate that Goebbels' lifelong pursuit of women may have been in compensation for his physical disability.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003204-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010164-15">[15]</a> At Freiburg he met and fell in love with Anka Stalherm, who was three years his senior.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201512,_13-16">[16]</a> She went on to Würzburg to continue studying, as did Goebbels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201514-7">[7]</a> By 1920 the relationship with Anka was over; the break-up filled Goebbels with thoughts of suicide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201520,_21-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-letters-18">[a]</a> In 1921 he wrote a semi-autobiographical novel, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a>, a three-part work of which only Parts I and III have survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201516-19">[18]</a> Goebbels felt he was writing his "own story".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201516-19">[18]</a> Antisemitic content and material about a charismatic leader may have been added by Goebbels shortly before the book was published in 1929 by <a href="/wiki/Eher-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Eher-Verlag">Eher-Verlag</a>, the publishing house of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (National Socialist German Workers' Party; NSDAP).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201019,_26-20">[19]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">University of Heidelberg</a> Goebbels wrote his <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_thesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral thesis">doctoral thesis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Wilhelm von Schütz">Wilhelm von Schütz</a>, a minor 19th-century romantic dramatist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201017-21">[20]</a> He had hoped to write his thesis under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gundolf" title="Friedrich Gundolf">Friedrich Gundolf</a>, a literary historian. It did not seem to bother Goebbels that Gundolf was Jewish. Gundolf was no longer teaching so directed Goebbels to associate professor <a href="/wiki/Max_Freiherr_von_Waldberg" title="Max Freiherr von Waldberg">Max Freiherr von Waldberg</a>. Waldberg, who was also Jewish, recommended Goebbels write his thesis on Wilhelm von Schütz. After submitting the thesis and passing his oral examination, Goebbels received his PhD on 21 April 1922.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199417_ill.,_27–33,_36,_42,_48_ill.,_52–55-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201521,_22-23">[22]</a> By 1940 he had written 14 books.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194066-24">[23]</a> Goebbels returned home and worked as a private tutor. He also found work as a journalist and was published in the local newspaper. His writing during that time reflected his growing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> and dislike for modern culture. In the summer of 1922 he met and began a love affair with Else Janke, a schoolteacher.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201522–25-25">[24]</a> After she revealed to him that she was half-Jewish, Goebbels stated the "enchantment [was] ruined."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524-26">[25]</a> Nevertheless he continued to see her on and off until 1927.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201572,_88-27">[26]</a> He continued for several years to try to become a published author.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201032–33-28">[27]</a> His <a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Diaries" title="Goebbels Diaries">diaries</a>, which he began in 1923 and continued for the rest of his life, provided an outlet for his desire to write.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20153-29">[28]</a> The lack of income from his literary works – he wrote two plays in 1923, neither of which sold<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201532-30">[29]</a> – forced him to take employment as a caller on the stock exchange and as a bank clerk in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, a job he detested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201033-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201525–26-32">[31]</a> He was dismissed from the bank in August 1923 and returned to Rheydt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201527-33">[32]</a> During this period he read avidly and was influenced by the works of <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Oswald Spengler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a>, the British-born German writer whose book <a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century">The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</a> (1899) was one of the standard works of the <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">extreme right</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–26-34">[33]</a> He also began to study the <a href="/wiki/Social_question" title="Social question">social question</a> and read the works of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Noske" title="Gustav Noske">Gustav Noske</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199428-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201543-36">[35]</a> According to German historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Longerich" title="Peter Longerich">Peter Longerich</a>, Goebbels's diary entries from late 1923 to early 1924 reflected the writings of a man who was isolated, preoccupied with "religious-philosophical" issues and lacked a sense of direction. Diary entries from mid-December 1923 onwards show Goebbels was moving towards the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch</a> nationalist movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201528,_33,_34-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazi_activist">Nazi activist</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nazi activist">edit</a>]</div> Goebbels first took an interest in <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201536-38">[37]</a> In February 1924, Hitler's trial for treason began in the wake of his failed attempt to seize power in the <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a> of 8–9 November 1923.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008127–131-39">[38]</a> The trial attracted widespread press coverage and gave Hitler a platform for propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008133–135-40">[39]</a> Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison, but was released on 20 December 1924, after serving just over a year, including <a href="/wiki/Pre-trial_detention" title="Pre-trial detention">pre-trial detention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullock1962121-41">[40]</a> Goebbels was drawn to the Nazi Party mostly because of Hitler's charisma and commitment to his beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201536,_37-42">[41]</a> He joined the Nazi Party around this time, becoming member number 8762.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201033-31">[30]</a> In late 1924, Goebbels offered his services to <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kaufmann" title="Karl Kaufmann">Karl Kaufmann</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a> (Nazi Party district leader) for the Rhine-Ruhr District. Kaufmann put him in touch with <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a>, a leading Nazi organiser in northern Germany, who hired him to work on their weekly newspaper and undertake secretarial work for the regional party offices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201040–41-43">[42]</a> He was also put to work as party speaker and representative for <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>-<a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201046-44">[43]</a> Strasser founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Working_Association" title="National Socialist Working Association">National Socialist Working Association</a> on 10 September 1925, a short-lived group of about a dozen northern and western German Gauleiter; Goebbels became its business manager and the editor of its biweekly journal, NS-Briefe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201561-45">[44]</a> Members of Strasser's northern branch of the Nazi Party, including Goebbels, had a more socialist outlook than the rival Hitler group in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008167-46">[45]</a> Strasser disagreed with Hitler on many parts of the party platform, and in November 1926 began working on a revision.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008169-47">[46]</a> Hitler viewed Strasser's actions as a threat to his authority, and summoned 60 Gauleiters and party leaders, including Goebbels, to a <a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Conference" title="Bamberg Conference">special conference in Bamberg</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher's</a> <a href="/wiki/Gau_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gau (country subdivision)">Gau</a> of <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, where he gave a two-hour speech repudiating Strasser's new political programme.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008168–169-48">[47]</a> Hitler was opposed to the socialist leanings of the northern wing, stating it would mean "political bolshevization of Germany." Further, there would be "no princes, only Germans," and a legal system with no "Jewish system of exploitation ... for plundering of our people." The future would be secured by acquiring land, not through expropriation of the estates of the former nobility, but through colonising territories to the east.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008169-47">[46]</a> Goebbels was horrified by Hitler's characterisation of socialism as "a Jewish creation" and his assertion that a Nazi government would not expropriate private property. He wrote in his diary: "I no longer fully believe in Hitler. That's the terrible thing: my inner support has been taken away."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201566-49">[48]</a> After reading Hitler's book <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a>, Goebbels found himself agreeing with Hitler's assertion of a "Jewish doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199466-50">[49]</a> In February 1926, Goebbels gave a speech titled "Bolshevism or National-socialism? Lenin or Hitler?" in which he asserted that communism or Marxism could not save the German people, but he believed it would cause a "socialist nationalist state" to arise in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201563-51">[50]</a> In 1926, Goebbels published a pamphlet titled Nazi-Sozi which attempted to explain how National Socialism differed from Marxism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1927-52">[51]</a> In hopes of winning over the opposition, Hitler arranged meetings in Munich with the three Greater Ruhr Gau leaders, including Goebbels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201567-53">[52]</a> Goebbels was impressed when Hitler sent his own car to meet them at the railway station. That evening, Hitler and Goebbels both gave speeches at a beer hall rally.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201567-53">[52]</a> The following day, Hitler offered his hand in reconciliation to the three men, encouraging them to put their differences behind them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201568-54">[53]</a> Goebbels capitulated completely, offering Hitler his total loyalty. He wrote in his diary: "I love him ... He has thought through everything," "Such a sparkling mind can be my leader. I bow to the greater one, the political genius." He later wrote: "Adolf Hitler, I love you because you are both great and simple at the same time. What one calls a genius."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008171-55">[54]</a> As a result of the Bamberg and Munich meetings, the National Socialist Working Association was disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura201550,_n.58-56">[55]</a> Strasser's new draft of the party programme was discarded, the original <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a> of 1920 was retained unchanged, and Hitler's position as party leader was greatly strengthened.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008171-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propagandist_in_Berlin">Propagandist in Berlin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Propagandist in Berlin">edit</a>]</div> At Hitler's invitation, Goebbels spoke at party meetings in Munich and at the annual <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally">Party Congress</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a> in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201061,_64-57">[56]</a> For the following year's event, Goebbels was involved in the planning for the first time. He and Hitler arranged for the rally to be filmed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker201094-58">[57]</a> Receiving praise for doing well at these events led Goebbels to shape his political ideas to match Hitler's, and to admire and idolise him even more.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201062-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gauleiter">edit</a>]</div> Goebbels was first offered the position of party Gauleiter for the <a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Berlin</a> section in August 1926. He travelled to Berlin in mid-September and by the middle of October accepted the position. Thus Hitler's plan to divide and dissolve the northwestern Gauleiters group that Goebbels had served in under Strasser was successful.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201571,_72-60">[59]</a> Hitler gave Goebbels great authority over the area, allowing him to determine the course for organisation and leadership for the Gau. Goebbels was given control over the local <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA) and <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) and answered only to Hitler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201575-61">[60]</a> The party membership numbered about 1,000 when Goebbels arrived, and he reduced it to a core of 600 of the most active and promising members. To raise money, he instituted membership fees and began charging admission to party meetings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075-62">[61]</a> Aware of the value of publicity (both positive and negative), he deliberately provoked beer-hall battles and street brawls, including violent attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> (KPD).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–77-63">[62]</a> Goebbels adapted recent developments in commercial advertising to the political sphere, including the use of catchy slogans and subliminal cues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201581-64">[63]</a> His new ideas for poster design included using large type, red ink, and cryptic headers that encouraged the reader to examine the fine print to determine the meaning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201076,_80-65">[64]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:357px;max-width:357px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01,_Berlin-Lustgarten,_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/174px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/261px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg/348px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-2406-01%2C_Berlin-Lustgarten%2C_Rede_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Goebbels speaks at a political rally (1932). This body position, with arms akimbo, was intended to show the speaker as being in a position of authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201582-66">[65]</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049,_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg/175px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg/263px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg/350px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="797" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Goebbels giving a speech in <a href="/wiki/Lustgarten" title="Lustgarten">Lustgarten</a>, Berlin, August 1934. This hand gesture was used while delivering a warning or threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201582-66">[65]</a></div></div></div></div></div> Like Hitler, Goebbels practised his <a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">public speaking</a> skills in front of a mirror. Meetings were preceded by ceremonial marches and singing, and the venues were decorated with party banners. His entrance (almost always late) was timed for maximum emotional impact. Goebbels usually meticulously planned his speeches ahead of time, using pre-planned and choreographed inflection and gestures, but he was also able to improvise and adapt his presentation to make a good connection with his audience.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–79-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201582-66">[65]</a> He used loudspeakers, decorative flames, uniforms, and marches to attract attention to speeches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194067-68">[67]</a> Goebbels' tactic of using provocation to bring attention to the Nazi Party, along with violence at the public party meetings and demonstrations, led the Berlin police to ban the Nazi Party from the city on 5 May 1927.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201079-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201593,_94-70">[69]</a> Violent incidents continued, including young Nazis randomly attacking Jews in the streets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201582-66">[65]</a> Goebbels was subjected to a public speaking ban until the end of October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201084-71">[70]</a> During this period, he founded the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a> (The Attack) as a propaganda vehicle for the Berlin area, where few supported the party. It was a modern-style newspaper with an aggressive tone;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201589-72">[71]</a> 126 libel suits were pending against Goebbels at one point.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194067-68">[67]</a> To his disappointment, circulation was initially only 2,000. Material in the paper was highly anti-communist and antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201082-73">[72]</a> Among the paper's favourite targets was the Jewish Deputy Chief of the Berlin Police <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Wei%C3%9F_(police_executive)" title="Bernhard Weiß (police executive)">Bernhard Weiß</a>. Goebbels gave him the derogatory nickname "Isidore" and subjected him to a relentless campaign of Jew-baiting in the hope of provoking a crackdown he could then exploit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201080–81-74">[73]</a> Goebbels continued to try to break into the literary world, with a revised version of his book Michael finally being published, and the unsuccessful production of two of his plays (Der Wanderer and Die Saat (The Seed)). The latter was his final attempt at playwriting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201595,_98-75">[74]</a> During this period in Berlin he had relationships with many women, including his old flame Anka Stalherm, who was now married and had a small child. He was quick to fall in love, but easily tired of a relationship and moved on to someone new. He worried too about how a committed personal relationship might interfere with his career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015108–112-76">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1928_election">1928 election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1928 election">edit</a>]</div> The ban on the Nazi Party was lifted before the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a> elections on 20 May 1928.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201599–100-77">[76]</a> The Nazi Party lost nearly 100,000 voters and earned only 2.6 per cent of the vote nationwide. Results in Berlin were even worse, where they attained only 1.4 per cent of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209-78">[77]</a> Goebbels was one of the first 12 Nazi Party members to gain election to the Reichstag.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209-78">[77]</a> This gave him immunity from prosecution for a long list of outstanding charges, including a three-week jail sentence he received in April for insulting the deputy police chief Weiß.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201594-79">[78]</a> The Reichstag changed the immunity regulations in February 1931, and Goebbels was forced to pay fines for libellous material he had placed in Der Angriff over the course of the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015147–148-80">[79]</a> Goebbels continued to be elected to the Reichstag at every subsequent election during the Weimar and Nazi regimes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReichstag_databank-81">[80]</a> In his newspaper Berliner Arbeiterzeitung (Berlin Workers Newspaper), Gregor Strasser was highly critical of Goebbels' failure to attract the urban vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015100–101-82">[81]</a> However, the party as a whole did much better in rural areas, attracting as much as 18 per cent of the vote in some regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209-78">[77]</a> This was partly because Hitler had publicly stated just prior to the election that Point 17 of the party programme, which mandated the expropriation of land without compensation, would apply only to Jewish speculators and not private landholders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008189-83">[82]</a> After the election, the party refocused their efforts to try to attract still more votes in the agricultural sector.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209,_211-84">[83]</a> In May, shortly after the election, Hitler considered appointing Goebbels as party propaganda chief. But he hesitated, as he worried that the removal of Gregor Strasser from the post would lead to a split in the party. Goebbels considered himself well suited to the position, and began to formulate ideas about how propaganda could be used in schools and the media.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015116-85">[84]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14,_Horst_Wessel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-043-14%2C_Horst_Wessel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Goebbels used the death of <a href="/wiki/Horst_Wessel" title="Horst Wessel">Horst Wessel</a> (pictured) in 1930 as a propaganda tool<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015124-86">[85]</a> against "Communist subhumans".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiemens2013143-87">[86]</a></figcaption></figure> By 1930 Berlin was the party's second-strongest base of support after Munich.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194067-68">[67]</a> That year the violence between the Nazis and communists led to local SA troop leader <a href="/wiki/Horst_Wessel" title="Horst Wessel">Horst Wessel</a> being shot by two members of the KPD. He later died in hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015123-88">[87]</a> Exploiting Wessel's death, Goebbels turned him into a martyr for the Nazi movement. He officially declared Wessel's march Die Fahne hoch (Raise the flag), renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a>, to be the Nazi Party anthem.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015124-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Great_Depression">Great Depression</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Great Depression">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> greatly impacted Germany and by 1930 there was a dramatic increase in unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015127-89">[88]</a> During this time, the Strasser brothers started publishing a new daily newspaper in Berlin, the Nationaler Sozialist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015125,_126-90">[89]</a> Like their other publications, it conveyed the brothers' own brand of Nazism, including nationalism, anti-capitalism, social reform, and anti-Westernism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008200-91">[90]</a> Goebbels complained vehemently about the rival Strasser newspapers to Hitler and admitted that their success was causing his own Berlin newspapers to be "pushed to the wall".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015125,_126-90">[89]</a> In late April 1930, Hitler publicly and firmly announced his opposition to Gregor Strasser and appointed Goebbels to replace him as Reich leader of Nazi Party propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015128-92">[91]</a> One of Goebbels' first acts was to ban the evening edition of the Nationaler Sozialist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015129-93">[92]</a> Goebbels was also given control of other Nazi papers across the country, including the party's national newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a> (People's Observer). He still had to wait until 3 July for Otto Strasser and his supporters to announce they were leaving the Nazi Party. Upon receiving the news, Goebbels was relieved the "crisis" with the Strassers was finally over and glad that Otto Strasser had lost all power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015130-94">[93]</a> The rapid deterioration of the economy led to the resignation on 27 March 1930 of the coalition government that had been elected in 1928. <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Heinrich Brüning</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">chancellor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008199-95">[94]</a> A new cabinet was formed, and Hindenburg used his power as president to govern via <a href="/wiki/Emergency_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency powers">emergency decrees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003249–250-96">[95]</a> Goebbels took charge of the Nazi Party's national campaign for Reichstag elections called for 14 September 1930. Campaigning was undertaken on a huge scale, with thousands of meetings and speeches held all over the country. Hitler's speeches focused on blaming the country's economic woes on the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, particularly its adherence to the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, which required war reparations that had proven devastating to the German economy. He proposed a new German society based on race and national unity. The resulting success took even Hitler and Goebbels by surprise: the party received 6.5 million votes nationwide and took 107 seats in the Reichstag, making it the second-largest party in the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008202-97">[96]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500,_Adolf_Hitler,_Joseph_Goebbels,_Tochter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-1202-500%2C_Adolf_Hitler%2C_Joseph_Goebbels%2C_Tochter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Goebbels and his daughter Helga with <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in <a href="/wiki/Heiligendamm" title="Heiligendamm">Heiligendamm</a></figcaption></figure> In late 1930 Goebbels met <a href="/wiki/Magda_Goebbels" title="Magda Goebbels">Magda Quandt</a>, a divorcée who had joined the party a few months earlier. She worked as a volunteer in the party offices in Berlin, helping Goebbels organise his private papers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015151–152-98">[97]</a> Her flat on <a href="/wiki/Theodor-Heuss-Platz" title="Theodor-Heuss-Platz"> Reichskanzlerplatz</a> soon became a favourite meeting place for Hitler and other Nazi Party officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094-99">[98]</a> Goebbels and Quandt married on 19 December 1931<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015167-100">[99]</a> at a Protestant church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERead2003223-101">[100]</a> Hitler was his best man.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094-99">[98]</a> For two further elections held in 1932, Goebbels organised massive campaigns that included rallies, parades, speeches, and Hitler travelling around the country by aeroplane with the slogan "the Führer over Germany".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008227-102">[101]</a> Goebbels wrote in his diary that the Nazis must gain power and exterminate Marxism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015182-103">[102]</a> He undertook numerous speaking tours during these election campaigns and had some of their speeches published on <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">gramophone records</a> and as pamphlets. Goebbels was also involved in the production of a small collection of <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent films</a> that could be shown at party meetings, though they did not yet have enough equipment to widely use this medium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015172,_173,_184-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010125-105">[104]</a> Many of Goebbels' campaign posters used violent imagery such as a giant half-clad male destroying political opponents or other perceived enemies such as "International High Finance".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003290–291-106">[105]</a> His propaganda characterised the opposition as "<a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">November criminals</a>", "Jewish wire-pullers", or a communist threat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003293-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_Hitler's_government">Role in Hitler's government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in Hitler's government">edit</a>]</div> Support for the party continued to grow, but neither of these elections led to a majority government. In an effort to stabilise the country and improve economic conditions, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Reich chancellor on 30 January 1933.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003307-108">[107]</a> To celebrate Hitler's appointment as chancellor, Goebbels organised a torchlight parade in Berlin on the night of 30 January of an estimated 60,000 men, many in the uniforms of the SA and SS. The spectacle was covered by a live state radio broadcast, with commentary by longtime party member and future Minister of Aviation <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003310–311-109">[108]</a> Goebbels was disappointed not to be given a post in Hitler's new cabinet. <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a> was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Science,_Education_and_Culture" title="Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture">Minister of Culture</a>, the post that Goebbels was expecting to receive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015206-110">[109]</a> Like other Nazi Party officials, Goebbels had to deal with Hitler's leadership style of giving contradictory orders to his subordinates, while placing them into positions where their duties and responsibilities overlapped.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010131-111">[110]</a> In this way, Hitler fostered distrust, competition, and infighting among his subordinates to consolidate and maximise his own power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008323-112">[111]</a> The Nazi Party took advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_fire" title="Reichstag fire">Reichstag fire</a> of 27 February 1933, with Hindenburg passing the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_Fire_Decree" title="Reichstag Fire Decree">Reichstag Fire Decree</a> the following day at Hitler's urging. This was the first of several pieces of legislation that dismantled democracy in Germany and put a totalitarian dictatorship—headed by Hitler—in its place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003332–333-113">[112]</a> On 5 March, yet another Reichstag election took place, the last to be held before the defeat of the Nazis at the end of the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003339-114">[113]</a> While the Nazi Party increased their number of seats and percentage of the vote, it was not the landslide expected by the party leadership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212-115">[114]</a> Goebbels finally received Hitler's appointment to the cabinet, officially becoming head of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda</a> on 14 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010121-116">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597,_Berlin,_Opernplatz,_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-14597%2C_Berlin%2C_Opernplatz%2C_B%C3%BCcherverbrennung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2933" data-file-height="2229" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi book burning">Nazi book burning</a> in Berlin, 10 May 1933</figcaption></figure> The role of the new ministry, which set up its offices in the 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Ordenspalais" title="Ordenspalais">Ordenspalais</a> across from the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Chancellery" title="Reich Chancellery">Reich Chancellery</a>, was to centralise Nazi control of all aspects of German cultural and intellectual life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212–213-117">[116]</a> Goebbels hoped to increase popular support of the party from the 37 per cent achieved at the last free election held in Germany on 25 March 1933 to 100 per cent support. An unstated goal was to present to other nations the impression that the Nazi Party had the full and enthusiastic backing of the entire population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005121-118">[117]</a> One of Goebbels' first productions was staging the Day of Potsdam, a ceremonial passing of power from Hindenburg to Hitler, held in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> on 21 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015214-119">[118]</a> He composed the text of Hitler's decree authorising the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses</a>, held on 1 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015218-120">[119]</a> Later that month, Goebbels travelled back to Rheydt, where he was given a triumphal reception. The townsfolk lined the main street, which had been renamed in his honour. On the following day, Goebbels was declared a local hero.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015221-121">[120]</a> Goebbels converted the 1 May holiday from a celebration of workers' rights (observed as such especially by the communists) into a day celebrating the Nazi Party. In place of the usual ad hoc labour celebrations, he organised a huge party rally held at Tempelhof Field in Berlin. The following day, all trade union offices in the country were forcibly disbanded by the SA and SS, and the Nazi-run <a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">German Labour Front</a> was created to take their place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010128–129-122">[121]</a> "We are the masters of Germany," he commented in his diary entry of 3 May.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003358-123">[122]</a> Less than two weeks later, he gave a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burning" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi book burning">Nazi book burning</a> in Berlin on 10 May,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224-124">[123]</a> a ceremony he suggested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194067-68">[67]</a> Meanwhile, the Nazi Party began passing laws to marginalise Jews and remove them from German society. The <a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Restoration_of_the_Professional_Civil_Service" title="Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service">Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service</a>, passed on 7 April 1933, forced all non-<a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryans</a> to retire from the legal profession and civil service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201040-125">[124]</a> Similar legislation soon deprived Jewish members of other professions of their right to practise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201040-125">[124]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> (initially created to house political dissenters) were founded shortly after Hitler seized power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003344-126">[125]</a> In a process termed <a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a> (coordination), the Nazi Party proceeded to rapidly bring all aspects of life under control of the party. All civilian organisations, including agricultural groups, volunteer organisations, and sports clubs, had their leadership replaced with Nazi sympathisers or party members. By June 1933, virtually the only organisations not in the control of the Nazi Party were the army and the churches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200514-127">[126]</a> On 2 June 1933, Hitler appointed Goebbels a <a href="/wiki/Reichsleiter" title="Reichsleiter">Reichsleiter</a>, the second highest political rank in the Nazi Party.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlow197374-128">[127]</a> On 3 October 1933, on the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_for_German_Law" title="Academy for German Law">Academy for German Law</a>, Goebbels was made a member and given a seat on its executive committee.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012293-129">[128]</a> In a move to manipulate Germany's middle class and shape popular opinion, the regime passed on 4 October 1933 the Schriftleitergesetz (Editor's Law), which became the cornerstone of the Nazi Party's control of the popular press.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197383–84-130">[129]</a> Modelled to some extent on the system in <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Fascist Italy</a>, the law defined a Schriftleiter as anyone who wrote, edited, or selected texts and/or illustrated material for serial publication. Individuals selected for this position were chosen based on experiential, educational, and racial criteria.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197385–86-131">[130]</a> The law required journalists to "regulate their work in accordance with National Socialism as a philosophy of life and as a conception of government."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197386-132">[131]</a> In 1934, Goebbels published Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei ("From the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Kaiserhof_(Berlin)" title="Hotel Kaiserhof (Berlin)">Kaiserhof</a> to the Reich Chancellery"), his account of Hitler's seizure of power, which he based on his diary from 1 January 1932 to 1 May 1933. The book sought to glorify both Hitler and the author.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELow199694–95,_198-133">[132]</a> It sold around 660,000 copies, making it Goebbels's best-selling publication during his lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam2021104-134">[133]</a> At the end of June 1934, top officials of the SA and opponents of the regime, including Gregor Strasser, were arrested and killed in a purge later called the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_Long_Knives" class="mw-redirect" title="Night of Long Knives">Night of Long Knives</a>. Goebbels was present at the arrest of SA leader <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a> in Munich.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010132–134-135">[134]</a> On 2 August 1934, President von Hindenburg died. In a radio broadcast, Goebbels announced that the offices of president and chancellor had been combined, and Hitler had been formally named as <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a> und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010137-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Workings_of_the_Ministry">Workings of the Ministry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Workings of the Ministry">edit</a>]</div> The propaganda ministry was organised into seven departments: administration and legal; mass rallies, public health, youth, and race; radio; national and foreign press; films and film censorship; art, music, and theatre; and protection against counter-propaganda, both foreign and domestic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140–141-137">[136]</a> Goebbels's style of leadership was tempestuous and unpredictable. He would suddenly change direction and shift his support between senior associates; he was a difficult boss and liked to berate his staff in public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015370-138">[137]</a> Goebbels was successful at his job, however; Life wrote in 1938 that "[p]ersonally he likes nobody, is liked by nobody, and runs the most efficient Nazi department."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELIFE_Magazine1938-139">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">John Gunther</a> wrote in 1940 that Goebbels "is the cleverest of all the Nazis", but could not succeed Hitler because "everybody hates him".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194019-140">[139]</a> The Reich Film Chamber, which all members of the film industry were required to join, was created in June 1933.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224–225-141">[140]</a> Goebbels promoted the development of films with a Nazi slant, and ones that contained subliminal or overt propaganda messages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010157-142">[141]</a> Under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Reichskulturkammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichskulturkammer">Reichskulturkammer</a> (Reich Chamber of Culture), created in September, Goebbels added additional sub-chambers for the fields of broadcasting, fine arts, literature, music, the press, and the theatre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142-143">[142]</a> As in the film industry, anyone wishing to pursue a career in these fields had to be a member of the corresponding chamber. In this way anyone whose views were contrary to the regime could be excluded from working in their chosen field and thus silenced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005138-144">[143]</a> In addition, journalists (now considered employees of the state) were required to prove Aryan descent back to the year 1800, and if married, the same requirement applied to the spouse. Members of any chamber were not allowed to leave the country for their work without prior permission of their chamber. A committee was established to censor books, and works could not be re-published unless they were on the list of approved works. Similar regulations applied to other fine arts and entertainment; even cabaret performances were censored.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142–143-145">[144]</a> Many German artists and intellectuals left Germany in the pre-war years rather than work under these restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140-146">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243,_Berlin,_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_(Volksempf%C3%A4nger).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H14243%2C_Berlin%2C_Verteilung_von_500_Radios_%28Volksempf%C3%A4nger%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Free radios were distributed in Berlin on Goebbels' birthday in 1938.</figcaption></figure> Goebbels was particularly interested in controlling the radio, which was then still a fairly new <a href="/wiki/Mass_medium" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass medium">mass medium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010127-147">[146]</a> Sometimes under protest from individual states (particularly <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, headed by Göring), Goebbels gained control of radio stations nationwide, and placed them under the <a href="/wiki/Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft" title="Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft">Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft</a> (German National Broadcasting Corporation) in July 1934.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015226-148">[147]</a> Manufacturers were urged by Goebbels to produce inexpensive home receivers, called <a href="/wiki/Volksempf%C3%A4nger" title="Volksempfänger">Volksempfänger</a> (people's receiver), and by 1938 nearly ten million sets had been sold. Loudspeakers were placed in public areas, factories, and schools, so that important party broadcasts would be heard live by nearly all Germans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010127-147">[146]</a> On 2 September 1939 (the day after the start of the war), Goebbels and the Council of Ministers proclaimed it illegal to listen to foreign radio stations. Disseminating news from foreign broadcasts could result in the death penalty.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015434-149">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>, Hitler's architect and later Minister for Armaments and War Production, later said the regime "made the complete use of all technical means for domination of its own country. Through technical devices like the radio and loudspeaker, 80 million people were deprived of independent thought."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell19597-150">[149]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504,_N%C3%BCrnberg,_Reichsparteitag,_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2004-0312-504%2C_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_Reichsparteitag%2C_Rede_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Hitler was the focal point at the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg Rally">Nuremberg Rally</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a> and her crew are visible in front of the podium.</figcaption></figure> A major focus of Nazi propaganda was Hitler himself, who was glorified as a heroic and infallible leader and became the focus of a <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">cult of personality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008292–293-151">[150]</a> Much of this was spontaneous, but some was stage-managed as part of Goebbels' propaganda work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005122–123-152">[151]</a> Adulation of Hitler was the focus of the 1934 Nuremberg Rally, where his moves were carefully choreographed. The rally was the subject of the film <a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a>, one of several Nazi propaganda films directed by <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>. It won the gold medal at the 1935 <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005123–127-153">[152]</a> At the 1935 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nazi party congress rally</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, Goebbels declared that "Bolshevism is the declaration of war by Jewish-led international subhumans against culture itself."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1935-154">[153]</a> Goebbels was involved in planning the staging of the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a>, held in Berlin. It was around this time that he met and started having an affair with the actress <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADda_Baarov%C3%A1" title="Lída Baarová">Lída Baarová</a>, whom he continued to see until 1938.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010184,_201-155">[154]</a> A major project in 1937 was the <a href="/wiki/Degenerate_Art_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Degenerate Art Exhibition">Degenerate Art Exhibition</a>, organised by Goebbels, which ran in Munich from July to November. The exhibition proved wildly popular, attracting over two million visitors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005171,_173-156">[155]</a> A degenerate music exhibition took place the following year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015351-157">[156]</a> Meanwhile, Goebbels was disappointed by the lack of quality in the National Socialist artwork, films, and literature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015346,_350-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_struggle">Church struggle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Church struggle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Nazi_persecution_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany">Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church in Germany</a></div> In 1933, Hitler signed the <a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a> (Reich Concordat), a treaty with the Vatican that required the regime to honour the independence of Catholic institutions and prohibited clergy from involvement in politics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005234–235-159">[158]</a> However, the regime continued to target the Christian churches to weaken their influence. Throughout 1935 and 1936, hundreds of clergy and nuns were arrested, often on trumped up charges of currency smuggling or sexual offences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010189-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015382-161">[160]</a> Goebbels widely publicised the trials in his propaganda campaigns, showing the cases in the worst possible light.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010189-160">[159]</a> Restrictions were placed on public meetings, and Catholic publications faced censorship. Catholic schools were required to reduce religious instruction and crucifixes were removed from state buildings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005239–240-162">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-crucifixes-163">[b]</a> Hitler often vacillated on whether or not the <a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a> (church struggle) should be a priority, but his frequent inflammatory comments on the issue were enough to convince Goebbels to intensify his work on the issue;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008382-164">[162]</a> in February 1937 he stated he wanted to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012223-165">[163]</a> In response to the persecution, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> had the "<a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a>" ("With Burning Concern") Encyclical smuggled into Germany for <a href="/wiki/Passion_Sunday" title="Passion Sunday">Passion Sunday</a> 1937 and read from every pulpit. It denounced the systematic hostility of the regime toward the church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960234–235-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005241–243-167">[165]</a> In response, Goebbels renewed the regime's crackdown and propaganda against Catholics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005244-168">[166]</a> His speech of 28 May in Berlin in front of 20,000 party members, which was also broadcast on the radio, attacked the Catholic church as morally corrupt. As a result of the propaganda campaign, enrolment in denominational schools dropped sharply, and by 1939 all such schools were disbanded or converted to public facilities. Harassment and threats of imprisonment led the clergy to be much more cautious in their criticism of the regime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005245–247-169">[167]</a> Partly out of foreign policy concerns, Hitler ordered a scaling back of the church struggle by the end of July 1937.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015334-170">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism_and_the_Holocaust">Antisemitism and the Holocaust</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Antisemitism and the Holocaust">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63,_M%C3%BCnchen,_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1971-099-63%2C_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_zerst%C3%B6rte_Ohel-Jakob-Synagoge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Synagogue_Ohel_Jakob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Synagogue Ohel Jakob (page does not exist)">Old Synagogue Ohel Jakob</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alte_Synagoge_Ohel_Jakob" class="extiw" title="de:Alte Synagoge Ohel Jakob">de</a>], Munich, after <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> </figcaption></figure> Goebbels was antisemitic from a young age.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–25-171">[169]</a> After joining the Nazi Party and meeting Hitler, his antisemitism grew and became more radical. He began to see the Jews as a destructive force with a negative impact on German society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201539–40-172">[170]</a> In 1930, he criticised Italian Fascist dictator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> for his relative lack of hostility towards Jews, stating that "Mussolini appears to have not recognized the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish question</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard2019-173">[171]</a> After the Nazis seized control, he repeatedly urged Hitler to take action against the Jews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010145-174">[172]</a> Despite his extreme antisemitism, Goebbels spoke of the "rubbish of race-materialism" and of the unnecessity of <a href="/wiki/Biological_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological racism">biological racism</a> for the Nazi ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichael2006177-175">[173]</a> He also described Himmler's ideology as "in many regards, mad" and thought <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">racial theories</a> were ridiculous.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichael2006177-175">[173]</a> The Nazi Party's goal was to remove Jews from German cultural and economic life, and eventually to remove them from the country altogether.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454–455-176">[174]</a> In addition to his propaganda efforts, Goebbels actively promoted the persecution of the Jews through <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a>, legislation, and other actions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010156-177">[175]</a> Discriminatory measures he instituted in Berlin in the early years of the regime included bans against their using public transport and requiring that Jewish shops be marked as such.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454-178">[176]</a> In November 1938, the German diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ernst_vom_Rath" title="Ernst vom Rath">Ernst vom Rath</a> was killed in Paris by the young Jewish man <a href="/wiki/Herschel_Grynszpan" title="Herschel Grynszpan">Herschel Grynszpan</a>. In response, Goebbels arranged for inflammatory antisemitic material to be released by the press, and the result was the start of a pogrom. Jews were attacked and synagogues destroyed all over Germany. The situation was further inflamed by a speech Goebbels gave at a party meeting on the night of 8 November, where he obliquely called for party members to incite further violence against Jews while making it appear to be a spontaneous series of acts by the German people. At least a hundred Jews were killed, several hundred synagogues were damaged or destroyed, and thousands of Jewish shops were vandalised in an event called <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a> (Night of Broken Glass). Around 30,000 Jewish men were sent to concentration camps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008455–459-179">[177]</a> The destruction stopped after a conference held on 12 November, where Göring pointed out that the destruction of Jewish property was in effect the destruction of German property since the intention was that it would all eventually be confiscated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015400–401-180">[178]</a> Goebbels continued his intensive antisemitic propaganda campaign that culminated in Hitler's <a href="/wiki/30_January_1939_Reichstag_speech" title="30 January 1939 Reichstag speech">30 January 1939 Reichstag speech</a>, which Goebbels helped to write:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010205-181">[179]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A,_Berlin,_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B04490A%2C_Berlin%2C_%C3%84ltere_Frau_mit_Judenstern.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Woman in Berlin wearing the yellow star</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">If international finance Jewry in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008469-182">[180]</a> </blockquote> While Goebbels had been pressing for expulsion of the Berlin Jews since 1935, there were still 62,000 living in the city in 1940. Part of the delay in their deportation was that they were needed as workers in the armaments industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015464–466-183">[181]</a> Deportations of German Jews began in October 1941, with the first transport from Berlin leaving on 18 October. Some Jews were shot immediately on arrival in destinations such as <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010236-184">[182]</a> In preparation for the deportations, Goebbels ordered that all German Jews wear an identifying <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">yellow badge</a> as of 5 September 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235-185">[183]</a> On 6 March 1942, Goebbels received a copy of the minutes of the <a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015513-186">[184]</a> which indicated indirectly that the Jewish population of Europe was to be sent to <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a> in occupied areas of Poland and killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010309–310-187">[185]</a> His diary entries of the period show that he was well aware of the fate of the Jews. "In general, it can probably be established that 60 per cent of them will have to be liquidated, while only 40 per cent can be put to work. ... A judgment is being carried out on the Jews which is barbaric but thoroughly deserved," he wrote on 27 March 1942.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015514-188">[186]</a> Goebbels had frequent discussions with Hitler about the fate of the Jews, a subject they discussed almost every time they met.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010328-189">[187]</a> He was aware throughout that the Jews were being exterminated, and completely supported this decision. He was one of the few top Nazi officials to do so publicly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010326–329-190">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> As early as February 1933, Hitler announced that rearmament must be undertaken, albeit clandestinely at first, as to do so was in violation of the Versailles Treaty. A year later he told his military leaders that 1942 was the target date for going to war in the east.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005338–339-191">[189]</a> Goebbels was one of the most enthusiastic supporters of Hitler aggressively pursuing Germany's expansionist policies sooner rather than later. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Remilitarization_of_the_Rhineland" class="mw-redirect" title="Remilitarization of the Rhineland">Reoccupation of the Rhineland</a> in 1936, Goebbels summed up his general attitude in his diary: "[N]ow is the time for action. Fortune favors the brave! He who dares nothing wins nothing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008352,_353-192">[190]</a> In the lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Sudetenland crisis</a> in 1938, Goebbels took the initiative time and again to use propaganda to whip up sympathy for the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudeten Germans</a> while campaigning against the Czech government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015380–382-193">[191]</a> Still, Goebbels was well aware there was a growing "war panic" in Germany and so by July had the press conduct propaganda efforts at a lower level of intensity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015381,_382-194">[192]</a> After the Western powers acceded to Hitler's demands concerning Czechoslovakia in 1938, Goebbels soon redirected his propaganda machine against Poland. From May onwards, he orchestrated a campaign against Poland, fabricating stories about atrocities against ethnic Germans in <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> and other cities. Even so, he was unable to persuade the majority of Germans to welcome the prospect of war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005696-195">[193]</a> He privately held doubts about the wisdom of risking a protracted war against Britain and France by attacking Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010212-196">[194]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a> in September 1939, Goebbels used his propaganda ministry and the Reich chambers to control <a href="/wiki/Access_to_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to information">access to information</a> domestically. To his chagrin, his rival <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a>, continually challenged Goebbels' jurisdiction over the dissemination of international propaganda. Hitler declined to make a firm ruling on the subject, so the two men remained rivals for the remainder of the Nazi era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010155,_180-197">[195]</a> Goebbels did not participate in the military decision-making process, nor was he made privy to diplomatic negotiations until after the fact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015422,_456–457-198">[196]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500,_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-2008-0415-500%2C_PK-Filmberichter_an_Kamera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Production of a <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> at the front lines, January 1941</figcaption></figure> The Propaganda Ministry took over the broadcasting facilities of conquered countries immediately after surrender, and began broadcasting prepared material using the existing announcers as a way to gain the trust of the citizens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010185–186-199">[197]</a> Most aspects of the media, both domestically and in the conquered countries, were controlled by Goebbels and his department.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015693-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-other_departments-201">[c]</a> The German Home Service, the Armed Forces Programme, and the German European Service were all rigorously controlled in everything from the information they were permitted to disseminate to the music they were allowed to play.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010188-202">[199]</a> Party rallies, speeches, and demonstrations continued; speeches were broadcast on the radio and short propaganda films were exhibited using 1,500 mobile film vans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010181-203">[200]</a> Hitler made fewer public appearances and broadcasts as the war progressed, so Goebbels increasingly became the voice of the Nazi regime for the German people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010188-202">[199]</a> From May 1940 he wrote frequent editorials that were published in <a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a> which were later read aloud over the radio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015470-204">[201]</a> He found films to be his most effective propaganda medium, after radio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010190-205">[202]</a> At his insistence, initially half the films made in wartime Germany were propaganda films (particularly on antisemitism) and war propaganda films (recounting both historical wars and current exploits of the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015468–469-206">[203]</a> Goebbels became preoccupied with morale and the efforts of the people on the home front. He believed that the more the people at home were involved in the war effort, the better their morale would be.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015509-207">[204]</a> For example, he initiated a programme for the collection of winter clothing and ski equipment for troops on the eastern front.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015509-207">[204]</a> At the same time, Goebbels implemented changes to have more "entertaining material" in radio and film produced for the public, decreeing in late 1942 that 20 per cent of the films should be propaganda and 80 per cent light entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015510,_512-208">[205]</a> As Gauleiter of Berlin, Goebbels dealt with increasingly serious shortages of necessities such as food and clothing, as well as the need to ration beer and tobacco, which were important for morale. Hitler suggested watering the beer and degrading the quality of the cigarettes so that more could be produced, but Goebbels refused, saying the cigarettes were already of such low quality that it was impossible to make them any worse.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235–236-209">[206]</a> Through his propaganda campaigns, he worked hard to maintain an appropriate level of morale among the public about the military situation, neither too optimistic nor too grim.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015502–504-210">[207]</a> The series of military setbacks the Germans suffered in this period – the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Cologne_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Cologne in World War II">thousand-bomber raid</a> on Cologne (May 1942), the Allied victory at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a> (November 1942), and especially the catastrophic defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a> (February 1943) – were difficult matters to present to the German public, who were increasingly weary of the war and sceptical that it could be won.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010246–251-211">[208]</a> On 16 November 1942 Goebbels, like all Gauleiters, was appointed the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Defense_Commissioner" title="Reich Defense Commissioner">Reich Defense Commissioner</a> for his Gau. This enabled him to issue direct instructions to authorities within his jurisdiction in matters concerning the civilian war effort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015547-212">[209]</a> On 15 January 1943, Hitler appointed Goebbels as head of the newly created Air Raid Damage committee, which meant Goebbels was nominally in charge of nationwide civil air defences and shelters as well as the assessment and repair of damaged buildings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015567-213">[210]</a> In actuality, the defence of areas other than Berlin remained in the hands of the local Gauleiters, and his main tasks were limited to providing immediate aid to the affected civilians and using propaganda to improve their morale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015615-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010269–270-215">[212]</a> By early 1943, the war produced a labour crisis for the regime. Hitler created a three-man committee with representatives of the State, the army, and the party in an attempt to centralise control of the war economy. The committee members were <a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Hans Lammers</a> (head of the Reich Chancellery), Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a>, chief of the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a> (Armed Forces High Command; OKW), and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a>, who controlled the party. The committee was intended to independently propose measures regardless of the wishes of various ministries, with Hitler reserving most final decisions to himself. The committee, soon known as the Dreierausschuß (Committee of Three), met eleven times between January and August 1943. However, they ran up against resistance from Hitler's cabinet ministers, who headed deeply entrenched spheres of influence and were excluded from the committee. Seeing it as a threat to their power, Goebbels, Göring, and Speer worked together to bring it down. The result was that nothing changed, and the Committee of Three declined into irrelevance by September 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008749–753-216">[213]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235,_Berlin,_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J05235%2C_Berlin%2C_Gro%C3%9Fkundgebung_im_Sportpalast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sportpalast_speech" title="Sportpalast speech">Sportpalast speech</a>, 18 February 1943. The banner says "TOTALER KRIEG – KÜRZESTER KRIEG" ("Total War – Shortest War").</figcaption></figure> Partly in response to being excluded from the Committee of Three, Goebbels pressured Hitler to introduce measures that would produce "<a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">total war</a>", including closing businesses not essential to the war effort, conscripting women into the labour force, and enlisting men in previously exempt occupations into the Wehrmacht.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015549–550-217">[214]</a> Some of these measures were implemented in an edict of 13 January, but to Goebbels' dismay, Göring demanded that his favourite restaurants in Berlin should remain open, and Lammers successfully lobbied Hitler to have women with children exempted from conscription, even if they had child care available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015553–554-218">[215]</a> After receiving an enthusiastic response to his speech of 30 January 1943 on the topic, Goebbels believed he had the support of the German people in his call for total war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015555-219">[216]</a> His next speech, the <a href="/wiki/Sportpalast_speech" title="Sportpalast speech">Sportpalast speech</a> of 18 February 1943, was a passionate demand for his audience to commit to total war, which he presented as the only way to stop the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> onslaught and save the German people from destruction. The speech also had a strong antisemitic element and hinted at the extermination of the Jewish people that was already underway.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010255-220">[217]</a> The speech was presented live on radio and was filmed as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256-221">[218]</a> During the live version of the speech, Goebbels accidentally begins to mention the "extermination" of the Jews; this is omitted in the published text of the speech.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1944-222">[219]</a> Goebbels' efforts had little impact for the time being, because Hitler, who in principle was in favour of total war, was not prepared to implement changes over the objections of his ministers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015577-223">[220]</a> The discovery around this time of a mass grave of Polish officers that had been killed by the Red Army in the 1940 <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a> was made use of by Goebbels in his propaganda in an attempt to drive a wedge between the Soviets and the other Western Allies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256–257-224">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plenipotentiary_for_total_war">Plenipotentiary for total war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Plenipotentiary for total war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A,_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer,_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1992-093-13A%2C_Offiziere_und_NS-F%C3%BChrer%2C_u.a._Goebbels_und_Speer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Goebbels (centre) and Armaments Minister <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> (to Goebbels' left) observe rocket tests at <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center" title="Peenemünde Army Research Center">Peenemünde</a>, August 1943.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305,_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J31305%2C_Auszeichnung_des_Hitlerjungen_Willi_H%C3%BCbner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>9 March 1945: Goebbels awards 16-year-old <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> Willi Hübner the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> for the defence of <a href="/wiki/Luba%C5%84" title="Lubań">Lauban</a> (now Lubań in Poland).</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a> (July 1943) and the strategic Soviet victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a> (July–August 1943), Goebbels began to recognise that the war could no longer be won.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015594-225">[222]</a> Following the Allied invasion of Italy and the fall of Mussolini in September, he raised with Hitler the possibility of a separate peace, either with the Soviets or with Britain. Hitler rejected both of these proposals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015607,_609-226">[223]</a> As Germany's military and economic situation grew steadily worse, on 25 August 1943 <a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> took over the post of interior minister, replacing <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015611-227">[224]</a> Intensive air raids on Berlin and other cities took the lives of thousands of people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010268–270-228">[225]</a> In December 1943, Hitler asked Goebbels to take on the job of Stadtpräsident (City President) of Berlin, and Goebbels agreed to this as a means of obtaining more direct control over the municipal authorities, though Hitler delayed the formal appointment for several months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015622–623-229">[226]</a> Goebbels took over direct administrative control of the city when he was formally named Stadtpräsident on 7 April 1944, thus uniting under his control the city's most powerful party and governmental offices.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_8_April_1944-230">[227]</a> As air raids on Berlin continued, Göring's <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> attempted to retaliate with air raids on London in early 1944, but they no longer had sufficient aircraft to make much of an impact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015627–628-231">[228]</a> While Goebbels' propaganda in this period indicated that a huge retaliation was in the offing, the <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bombs</a>, launched on British targets beginning in mid-June 1944, had little effect, with only around 20 per cent reaching their intended targets.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015634-232">[229]</a> To boost morale, Goebbels continued to publish propaganda to the effect that further improvements to these weapons would have a decisive impact on the outcome of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637-233">[230]</a> Meanwhile, in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a> of 6 June 1944, the Allies successfully gained a foothold in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008623–624-234">[231]</a> Throughout July 1944, Goebbels and Speer continued to press Hitler to bring the economy to a total war footing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637–639-235">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a>, where Hitler was almost killed by a bomb at his field headquarters in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>, played into the hands of those who had been pushing for change: Bormann, Goebbels, Himmler, and Speer. Over the objections of Göring, Goebbels was appointed on 23 July as <a href="/wiki/Reich_Plenipotentiary_for_Total_War" title="Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War">Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War</a>, charged with maximising the manpower for the Wehrmacht and the armaments industry at the expense of sectors of the economy not critical to the war effort.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015643-236">[233]</a> Through these efforts, he was able to free up an additional half a million men for military service.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010282-237">[234]</a> However, as many of these new recruits came from the armaments industry, the move put him in conflict with armaments minister Speer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015651-238">[235]</a> Untrained workers from elsewhere were not readily absorbed into the armaments industry, and likewise, the new Wehrmacht recruits waited in barracks for their turn to be trained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015660-239">[236]</a> Hitler ordered a nationwide militia of men previously considered unsuitable for military service — the <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a> (People's Storm) — to be formed on 25 September 1944; it was launched on 18 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008675-240">[237]</a> In his capacity as Gauleiter and <a href="/wiki/Reich_Defense_Commissioner#Activities_in_the_final_phase_of_the_war" title="Reich Defense Commissioner">Reich Defense Commissioner</a>, Goebbels was named Führer des Deutschen Volkssturms im Gau Groß-Berlin on 25 September 1944, and he administered the oath of allegiance to the assembled Berlin Volkssturm troops on 12 November.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012334-241">[238]</a> Goebbels recorded in his diary that 100,000 recruits were sworn in from his Gau alone. However, the men, mostly age 45 to 60, received only rudimentary training and many were not properly armed. Goebbels' notion that these men could effectively serve on the front lines against Soviet tanks and artillery was unrealistic at best. The programme was deeply unpopular.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010284-242">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008676-243">[240]</a> Goebbels realised that his influence would diminish in wartime. He suffered a series of setbacks as propaganda became less important compared to warfare, the war economy, and the Allied bombing of German cities. Historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Balfour_(historian)" title="Michael Balfour (historian)">Michael Balfour</a> states that from 1942 onward, Goebbels, "lost control over Nazi policy toward the press and over the handling of news in general."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979109-244">[241]</a> Rival agencies expanded. The foreign ministry took charge of propaganda outside Germany. The military set up its own propaganda division, providing daily reports on the progress of the war and the conditions of the armed forces. The Nazi Party also generated and distributed its own propaganda during the war. Goebbels was still influential when he had the opportunity to meet with Hitler, who became less available as he moved his headquarters closer to the military front lines. They were together perhaps one day a month. Furthermore, Hitler rarely gave speeches or rallies of the sort that had dominated propaganda in the 1930s. After Hitler returned to Berlin in 1945, Goebbels' ministry was destroyed by an Allied air raid on 13 March, and Goebbels had great difficulty disseminating propaganda. In April 1945, he finally bested the rival agencies and took full charge of propaganda, but by then the Soviet Red Army had already entered Berlin. Goebbels was an astute observer of the war, and historians have exhaustively mined his diary for insights on how the Nazi leadership tried to maintain public morale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979103–110-245">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth1994251,_282,_287,_291,_295,_297,_349–351-246">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarsten1989751–756-247">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defeat_and_death">Defeat and death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Defeat and death">edit</a>]</div> In the last months of the war, Goebbels' speeches and articles took on an increasingly apocalyptic tone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010292-248">[245]</a> By the beginning of 1945, with the Soviets on the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> River and the Western Allies preparing to cross the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> River, he could no longer disguise the inevitability of German defeat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008892,_893,_897-249">[246]</a> Berlin had little in the way of fortifications or artillery, and even <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a> units were in short supply, as almost everything and everyone had been sent to the front.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010290-250">[247]</a> Goebbels noted in his diary on 21 January that millions of Germans were fleeing westward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010288-251">[248]</a> He tentatively discussed with Hitler the issue of making peace overtures to the Western Allies, but Hitler again refused. Privately, Goebbels was conflicted at pushing the case with Hitler since he did not want to lose Hitler's confidence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008897,_898-252">[249]</a> When other Nazi leaders urged Hitler to leave Berlin and establish a new centre of resistance in the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fortress" title="Alpine Fortress">National Redoubt</a> in Bavaria, Goebbels opposed this, arguing for a heroic last stand in Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008924,_925,_929,_930-253">[250]</a> His family (except for Magda's son Harald, who had served in the Luftwaffe and been captured by the Allies) moved into their house in Berlin to await the end.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010290-250">[247]</a> He and Magda may have discussed suicide and the fate of their young children in a long meeting on the night of 27 January.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010289-254">[251]</a> He knew how the outside world would view the criminal acts committed by the regime and had no desire to subject himself to the "debacle" of a trial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010291-255">[252]</a> He burned his private papers on the night of 18 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010295-256">[253]</a> Goebbels knew how to play on Hitler's fantasies, encouraging him to see the hand of providence in the death of United States President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> on 12 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918-257">[254]</a> Whether Hitler really saw this event as a turning point as Goebbels proclaimed is not known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918,_919-258">[255]</a> By this time, Goebbels had gained the position he had wanted so long—at Hitler's side. Göring was utterly discredited, although he was not stripped of his offices until 23 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008913,_933-259">[256]</a> Himmler, whose appointment as commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Vistula" title="Army Group Vistula">Army Group Vistula</a> had led to disaster on the Oder, was also in disgrace with Hitler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008891,_913–914-260">[257]</a> Most of Hitler's inner circle, including Göring, Himmler, Ribbentrop, and Speer, prepared to leave Berlin immediately after Hitler's birthday celebration on 20 April.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010296-261">[258]</a> Even Bormann was "not anxious" to meet his end at Hitler's side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008932-262">[259]</a> On 22 April, Hitler announced that he would stay in Berlin until the end and then shoot himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008929-263">[260]</a> Goebbels moved with his family into the <a href="/wiki/Vorbunker" title="Vorbunker">Vorbunker</a>, connected to the lower <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a> under the Reich Chancellery garden in central Berlin, that same day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010298-264">[261]</a> He told Vice-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Hans-Erich_Voss" title="Hans-Erich Voss">Hans-Erich Voss</a> that he would not entertain the idea of either surrender or escape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005154-265">[262]</a> On 23 April, Goebbels made the following proclamation to the people of Berlin: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I call on you to fight for your city. Fight with everything you have got, for the sake of your wives and your children, your mothers and your parents. Your arms are defending everything we have ever held dear, and all the generations that will come after us. Be proud and courageous! Be inventive and cunning! Your Gauleiter is amongst you. He and his colleagues will remain in your midst. His wife and children are here as well. He, who once captured the city with 200 men, will now use every means to galvanize the defence of the capital. The battle for Berlin must become the signal for the whole nation to rise up in battle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDollinger1967231-266">[263]</a> </blockquote> After midnight on 29 April, with the Soviets advancing ever closer to the bunker complex, Hitler married <a href="/wiki/Eva_Braun" title="Eva Braun">Eva Braun</a> in a small civil ceremony in the Führerbunker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002342,_343-267">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-will_and_marriage-268">[d]</a> Afterward, he hosted a modest wedding breakfast.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343-269">[265]</a> Hitler then took secretary <a href="/wiki/Traudl_Junge" title="Traudl Junge">Traudl Junge</a> to another room and dictated his <a href="/wiki/Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler">last will and testament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343,_344-270">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-will_and_marriage-268">[d]</a> Goebbels and Bormann were two of the witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008950-271">[267]</a> In his last will and testament, Hitler named no successor as Führer or leader of the Nazi Party. Instead, he appointed Goebbels as Reich Chancellor; Grand Admiral <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a>, who was at <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> near the Danish border, as Reich President; and Bormann as Party Minister.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008949,_950-272">[268]</a> Goebbels wrote a postscript to the will stating that he would "categorically refuse" to obey Hitler's order to leave Berlin—as he put it, "the first time in my life" that he had not complied with Hitler's orders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer19601128-273">[269]</a> He felt compelled to remain with Hitler "for reasons of humanity and personal loyalty".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015686-274">[270]</a> His wife and children would stay as well. They would end their lives "side by side with the Führer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015686-274">[270]</a> In the mid-afternoon of 30 April, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Death of Adolf Hitler">Hitler shot himself</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008955-275">[271]</a> Goebbels was depressed, and said he would walk around the Chancellery garden until he was killed by the Russian shelling.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMisch2014173-276">[272]</a> Voss later recounted Goebbels as saying: "It is a great pity that such a man [Hitler] is not with us any longer. But there is nothing to be done. For us, everything is lost now and the only way out left for us is the one Hitler chose. I shall follow his example."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005157-277">[273]</a> On 1 May, Goebbels carried out his sole official act as Chancellor: he dictated a letter to General <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chuikov" title="Vasily Chuikov">Vasily Chuikov</a> and ordered German General <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(Wehrmacht_general)" title="Hans Krebs (Wehrmacht general)">Hans Krebs</a> to deliver it under a <a href="/wiki/White_flag" title="White flag">white flag</a>. Chuikov, as commander of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_8th_Guards_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet 8th Guards Army">Soviet 8th Guards Army</a>, commanded the Soviet forces in central Berlin. Goebbels' letter informed Chuikov of Hitler's death and requested a ceasefire. After this was rejected, Goebbels decided that further efforts were futile.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005324-278">[274]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03,_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1978-086-03%2C_Joseph_Goebbels_mit_Familie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>The Goebbels family, including Goebbels' stepson, <a href="/wiki/Harald_Quandt" title="Harald Quandt">Harald Quandt</a></figcaption></figure> Later on 1 May, Voss saw Goebbels for the last time: "While saying goodbye I asked Goebbels to join us. But he replied: 'The captain must not leave his sinking ship. I have thought about it all and decided to stay here. I have nowhere to go because with little children I will not be able to make it, especially with a leg like mine'."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005156-279">[275]</a> On the evening of 1 May, Goebbels arranged for an SS dentist, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kunz" title="Helmut Kunz">Helmut Kunz</a>, to inject <a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children" title="Goebbels children">his six children</a> with <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> so that when they were unconscious, an ampule of <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">a cyanide compound</a> could be then crushed in each of their mouths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002380,_381-280">[276]</a> According to Kunz's later testimony, he gave the children morphine injections but Magda Goebbels and SS-<a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Stumpfegger" title="Ludwig Stumpfegger">Ludwig Stumpfegger</a>, Hitler's personal doctor, administered the cyanide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002380,_381-280">[276]</a> At around 20:30, Goebbels and Magda left the bunker and walked up to the garden of the Chancellery, where they killed themselves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoachimsthaler199952-281">[277]</a> There are several different accounts of this event. One is that they each bit on a cyanide ampule near where Hitler had been buried and were given a <a href="/wiki/Coup_de_gr%C3%A2ce" title="Coup de grâce">coup de grâce</a> immediately afterward.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002381-282">[278]</a> Goebbels' SS adjutant <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Schw%C3%A4germann" title="Günther Schwägermann">Günther Schwägermann</a> testified in 1948 that they walked ahead of him up the stairs and out into the Chancellery garden. He waited in the stairwell and heard shots. Schwägermann then walked up the remaining stairs and, once outside, saw their lifeless bodies. Following Goebbels' prior order, Schwägermann had an SS soldier fire several shots into Goebbels' body, which did not move.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoachimsthaler199952-281">[277]</a> In a contradictory account, SS-<a href="/wiki/Oberscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberscharführer">Oberscharführer</a> <a href="/wiki/Rochus_Misch" title="Rochus Misch">Rochus Misch</a> claimed that mechanic <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hentschel" title="Johannes Hentschel">Johannes Hentschel</a> told him that early on 2 May, Goebbels killed himself in his room in the Führerbunker, while Magda did so in the Vorbunker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMisch2014182,_183-283">[279]</a> The corpses were then doused with petrol, but they were only partially burned and not buried.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002381-282">[278]</a> A few days later, the Soviets brought Voss back to the bunker to identify the Goebbels' partly burned bodies. The remains of the Goebbels family, Krebs, and <a href="/wiki/Blondi#Death_of_Blondi_and_other_dogs" title="Blondi">Hitler's dogs</a> were repeatedly buried and exhumed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFest2004163–164-284">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005111,_333-285">[281]</a> The last burial was at the <a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> facility in <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> on 21 February 1946. In 1970, KGB director <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> authorised an operation to destroy the remains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005333-286">[282]</a> On 4 April 1970, a Soviet <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> team used detailed burial charts to exhume five wooden boxes at the Magdeburg SMERSH facility. They were burned, crushed, and scattered into the Biederitz river, a tributary of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005335,_336-287">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Family life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502,_Obersalzberg,_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0724-502%2C_Obersalzberg%2C_Besuch_Familie_Goebbels_bei_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Post-reconciliation photo commissioned by Hitler, 1938<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391-288">[284]</a></figcaption></figure> Hitler was very fond of Magda and the children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015159,_160-289">[285]</a> He enjoyed staying at the Goebbels' Berlin apartment, where he could relax.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015160-290">[286]</a> Magda had a close relationship with Hitler, and became a member of his small coterie of female friends.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094-99">[98]</a> She also became an unofficial representative of the regime, receiving letters from all over Germany from women with questions about domestic matters or child custody issues.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010179-291">[287]</a> In 1936, Goebbels met the Czech actress <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADda_Baarov%C3%A1" title="Lída Baarová">Lída Baarová</a> and by the winter of 1937 began an intense affair with her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317,_318-292">[288]</a> Magda had a long conversation with Hitler about it on 15 August 1938.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392-293">[289]</a> Unwilling to put up with a scandal involving one of his top ministers, Hitler demanded that Goebbels break off the relationship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010170-294">[290]</a> Thereafter, Joseph and Magda seemed to reach a truce until the end of September.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392-293">[289]</a> The couple had another falling out at that point, and again Hitler became involved, insisting the couple stay together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392–395-295">[291]</a> He arranged for publicity photos to be taken of himself with the reconciled couple in October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391,_395-296">[292]</a> Goebbels also had short-term affairs and relationships with numerous other women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010167–169-297">[293]</a> Magda too had affairs, including a relationship with <a href="/wiki/Kurt_L%C3%BCdecke" title="Kurt Lüdecke">Kurt Lüdecke</a> in 1933<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317-298">[294]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Karl Hanke</a> in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010204-299">[295]</a> The Goebbels family included <a href="/wiki/Harald_Quandt" title="Harald Quandt">Harald Quandt</a> (Magda's son from her first marriage; b. 1921),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015152-300">[296]</a> plus Helga (b. 1932), Hilde (b. 1934), Helmut (b. 1935), Holde (b. 1937), Hedda (b. 1938), and Heide (b. 1940).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010165-301">[297]</a> Harald was the only member of the family to survive the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010149-302">[298]</a> He died in an aeroplane crash in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel1967-303">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art in Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottbegnadeten_list" title="Gottbegnadeten list">Gottbegnadeten list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Goebbels Gap">Goebbels Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_media" title="Hate media">Hate media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">List of Nazi Party leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Chamber_of_Culture" title="Reich Chamber of Culture">Reich Chamber of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Bogensee" title="Villa Bogensee">Villa Bogensee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informational_notes">Informational notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Informational notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-letters-18"><a href="#cite_ref-letters_18-0">^</a> Among Goebbels' school papers offered for auction in 2012 were more than 100 love letters written between Goebbels and Stalherm. <a href="#CITEREFThe_Telegraph2012">The Telegraph 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-crucifixes-163"><a href="#cite_ref-crucifixes_163-0">^</a> Hitler later removed the restriction on crucifixes, as it was damaging morale. <a href="#CITEREFReesKershaw2012">Rees & Kershaw 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-other_departments-201"><a href="#cite_ref-other_departments_201-0">^</a> Rosenberg's foreign ministry retained partial control of foreign propaganda, and the Wehrmacht had its own propaganda organisation. Goebbels' department and duties also overlapped with those of Reich press chief <a href="/wiki/Otto_Dietrich" title="Otto Dietrich">Otto Dietrich</a>. <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 693. </li> <li id="cite_note-will_and_marriage-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-will_and_marriage_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-will_and_marriage_268-1">b</a> The <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> website, using the sources available to <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> (an MI5 agent and author of The Last Days of Hitler), records the marriage as taking place after Hitler had dictated his last will and testament. <a href="#CITEREFMI5,_Hitler's_Last_Days">MI5, Hitler's Last Days</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20155-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20155_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20155_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20155_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20155_1-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20102,_299-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20102,_299_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 2, 299. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth1994339-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuth1994339_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuth1994">Reuth 1994</a>, p. 339. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHull1969149-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHull1969149_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHull1969">Hull 1969</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010299-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010299_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 299. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20156-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20156_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201514-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201514_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201514_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20107-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20107_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201510-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201510_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201010–11,_14-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201010–11,_14_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 10–11, 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106–7-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel20106–7_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201014-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201014_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003204-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003204_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010164-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010164_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201512,_13-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201512,_13_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 12, 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201520,_21-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201520,_21_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 20, 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201516-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201516_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201516_19-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201019,_26-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201019,_26_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 19, 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201017-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201017_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199417_ill.,_27–33,_36,_42,_48_ill.,_52–55-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuth199417_ill.,_27–33,_36,_42,_48_ill.,_52–55_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuth1994">Reuth 1994</a>, pp. 17 ill., 27–33, 36, 42, 48 ill., 52–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201521,_22-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201521,_22_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 21, 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194066-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194066_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGunther1940">Gunther 1940</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201522–25-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201522–25_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 22–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201524_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201572,_88-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201572,_88_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 72, 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201032–33-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201032–33_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 32–33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich20153-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich20153_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201532-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201532_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201033-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201033_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201033_31-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201525–26-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201525–26_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 25–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201527-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201527_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–26-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–26_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 24–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199428-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuth199428_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuth1994">Reuth 1994</a>, p. 28. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201543-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201543_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201528,_33,_34-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201528,_33,_34_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 28, 33, 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201536-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201536_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008127–131-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008127–131_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 127–131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008133–135-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008133–135_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 133–135. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBullock1962121-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBullock1962121_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBullock1962">Bullock 1962</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201536,_37-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201536,_37_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 36, 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201040–41-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201040–41_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201046-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201046_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201561-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201561_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008167-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008167_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008169-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008169_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008169_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008168–169-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008168–169_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 168–169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201566-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201566_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth199466-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuth199466_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuth1994">Reuth 1994</a>, p. 66. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201563-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201563_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1927-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1927_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoebbels1927">Goebbels 1927</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201567-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201567_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201567_53-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201568-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201568_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008171-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008171_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008171_55-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStachura201550,_n.58-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStachura201550,_n.58_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStachura2015">Stachura 2015</a>, p. 50, n.58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201061,_64-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201061,_64_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 61, 64. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker201094-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker201094_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201062-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201062_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201571,_72-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201571,_72_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 71, 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201575-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201575_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–77-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–77_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 75–77. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201581-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201581_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201076,_80-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201076,_80_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 76, 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201582-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201582_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201582_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201582_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201582_66-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–79-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201075–79_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 75–79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194067-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194067_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194067_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194067_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194067_68-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGunther1940">Gunther 1940</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201079-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201079_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201593,_94-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201593,_94_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 93, 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201084-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201084_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201589-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201589_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201082-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201082_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201080–81-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201080–81_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 80–81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201595,_98-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201595,_98_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 95, 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015108–112-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015108–112_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 108–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201599–100-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201599–100_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 99–100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209_78-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 209. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201594-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201594_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015147–148-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015147–148_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 147–148. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReichstag_databank-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReichstag_databank_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReichstag_databank">Reichstag databank</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015100–101-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015100–101_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008189-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008189_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209,_211-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003209,_211_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 209, 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015116-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015116_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015124-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015124_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015124_86-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 124. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiemens2013143-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiemens2013143_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiemens2013">Siemens 2013</a>, p. 143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015123-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015123_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015127-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015127_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015125,_126-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015125,_126_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015125,_126_90-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 125, 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008200-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008200_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 200. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015128-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015128_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015129-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015129_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015130-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015130_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008199-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008199_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003249–250-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003249–250_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 249–250. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008202-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008202_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015151–152-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015151–152_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 151–152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094_99-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel201094_99-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015167-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015167_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERead2003223-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERead2003223_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRead2003">Read 2003</a>, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008227-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008227_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 227. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015182-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015182_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015172,_173,_184-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015172,_173,_184_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 172, 173, 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010125-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010125_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 125. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003290–291-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003290–291_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 290–291. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003293-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003293_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 293. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003307-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003307_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 307. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003310–311-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003310–311_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 310–311. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015206-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015206_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010131-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010131_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008323-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008323_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 323. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003332–333-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003332–333_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 332–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003339-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003339_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 339. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010121-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010121_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212–213-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015212–213_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 212–213. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005121-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005121_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015214-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015214_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 214. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015218-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015218_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015221-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015221_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 221. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010128–129-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010128–129_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 128–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003358-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003358_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 358. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 224. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201040-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201040_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201040_125-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2010">Longerich 2010</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003344-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003344_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, p. 344. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans200514-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans200514_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrlow197374-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrlow197374_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOrlow1973">Orlow 1973</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012293-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012293_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMillerSchulz2012">Miller & Schulz 2012</a>, p. 293. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197383–84-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale197383–84_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHale1973">Hale 1973</a>, pp. 83–84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197385–86-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale197385–86_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHale1973">Hale 1973</a>, pp. 85–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHale197386-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHale197386_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHale1973">Hale 1973</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELow199694–95,_198-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELow199694–95,_198_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLow1996">Low 1996</a>, pp. 94–95, 198. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdam2021104-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdam2021104_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdam2021">Adam 2021</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010132–134-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010132–134_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 132–134. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010137-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010137_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140–141-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140–141_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 140–141. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015370-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015370_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 370. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELIFE_Magazine1938-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELIFE_Magazine1938_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLIFE_Magazine1938">LIFE Magazine 1938</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunther194019-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunther194019_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGunther1940">Gunther 1940</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224–225-141"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015224–225_141-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 224–225. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010157-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010157_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005138-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005138_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142–143-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010142–143_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 142–143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010140_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010127-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010127_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010127_147-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015226-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015226_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 226. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015434-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015434_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 434. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnell19597-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnell19597_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSnell1959">Snell 1959</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008292–293-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008292–293_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 292–293. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005122–123-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005122–123_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 122–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005123–127-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005123–127_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 123–127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1935-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1935_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoebbels1935">Goebbels 1935</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010184,_201-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010184,_201_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 184, 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005171,_173-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005171,_173_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 171, 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015351-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015351_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 351. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015346,_350-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015346,_350_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 346, 350. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005234–235-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005234–235_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 234–235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010189-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010189_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010189_160-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 189. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015382-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015382_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005239–240-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005239–240_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 239–240. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008382-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008382_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012223-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012223_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer1960234–235-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer1960234–235_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirer1960">Shirer 1960</a>, pp. 234–235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005241–243-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005241–243_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 241–243. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005244-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005244_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, p. 244. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005245–247-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005245–247_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 245–247. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015334-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015334_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 334. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–25-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201524–25_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich201539–40-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich201539–40_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernhard2019-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernhard2019_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBernhard2019">Bernhard 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010145-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010145_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichael2006177-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichael2006177_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichael2006177_175-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMichael2006">Michael 2006</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454–455-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454–455_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 454–455. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010156-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010156_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008454_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 454. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008455–459-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008455–459_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 455–459. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015400–401-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015400–401_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 400–401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010205-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010205_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008469-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008469_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 469. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015464–466-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015464–466_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 464–466. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010236-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010236_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 235. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015513-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015513_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 513. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010309–310-187"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010309–310_187-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2010">Longerich 2010</a>, pp. 309–310. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015514-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015514_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 514. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010328-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010328_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 328. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010326–329-190"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010326–329_190-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 326–329. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005338–339-191"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005338–339_191-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, pp. 338–339. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008352,_353-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008352,_353_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 352, 353. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015380–382-193"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015380–382_193-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 380–382. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015381,_382-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015381,_382_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 381, 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2005696-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2005696_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2005">Evans 2005</a>, p. 696. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010212-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010212_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010155,_180-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010155,_180_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 155, 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015422,_456–457-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015422,_456–457_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 422, 456–457. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010185–186-199"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010185–186_199-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 185–186. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015693-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015693_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 693. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010188-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010188_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010188_202-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010181-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010181_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015470-204"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015470_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 470. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010190-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010190_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015468–469-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015468–469_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 468–469. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015509-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015509_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015509_207-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 509. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015510,_512-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015510,_512_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 510, 512. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235–236-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010235–236_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 235–236. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015502–504-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015502–504_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 502–504. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010246–251-211"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010246–251_211-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 246–251. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015547-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015547_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 547. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015567-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015567_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 567. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015615-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015615_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 615. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010269–270-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010269–270_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 269–270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008749–753-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008749–753_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 749–753. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015549–550-217"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015549–550_217-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 549–550. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015553–554-218"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015553–554_218-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 553–554. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015555-219"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015555_219-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 555. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010255-220"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010255_220-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256-221"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256_221-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1944-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1944_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoebbels1944">Goebbels 1944</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015577-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015577_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 577. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256–257-224"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010256–257_224-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 256–257. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015594-225"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015594_225-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 594. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015607,_609-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015607,_609_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 607, 609. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015611-227"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015611_227-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 611. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010268–270-228"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010268–270_228-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, pp. 268–270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015622–623-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015622–623_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 622–623. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_8_April_1944-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times,_8_April_1944_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNew_York_Times,_8_April_1944">New York Times, 8 April 1944</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015627–628-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015627–628_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 627–628. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015634-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015634_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 634. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637-233"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637_233-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 637. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008623–624-234"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008623–624_234-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 623–624. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637–639-235"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015637–639_235-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 637–639. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015643-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015643_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 643. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010282-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010282_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 282. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015651-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015651_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 651. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015660-239"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015660_239-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 660. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008675-240"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008675_240-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 675. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012334-241"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMillerSchulz2012334_241-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMillerSchulz2012">Miller & Schulz 2012</a>, p. 334. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010284-242"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010284_242-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 284. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008676-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008676_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 676. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979109-244"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979109_244-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalfour1979">Balfour 1979</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979103–110-245"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalfour1979103–110_245-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalfour1979">Balfour 1979</a>, pp. 103–110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuth1994251,_282,_287,_291,_295,_297,_349–351-246"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuth1994251,_282,_287,_291,_295,_297,_349–351_246-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuth1994">Reuth 1994</a>, pp. 251, 282, 287, 291, 295, 297, 349–351. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarsten1989751–756-247"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarsten1989751–756_247-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarsten1989">Carsten 1989</a>, pp. 751–756. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010292-248"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010292_248-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 292. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008892,_893,_897-249"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008892,_893,_897_249-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 892, 893, 897. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010290-250">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010290_250-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010290_250-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 290. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010288-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010288_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 288. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008897,_898-252"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008897,_898_252-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 897, 898. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008924,_925,_929,_930-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008924,_925,_929,_930_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 924, 925, 929, 930. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010289-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010289_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 289. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010291-255"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010291_255-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 291. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010295-256"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010295_256-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918-257"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918_257-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 918. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918,_919-258"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008918,_919_258-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 918, 919. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008913,_933-259"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008913,_933_259-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 913, 933. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008891,_913–914-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008891,_913–914_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 891, 913–914. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010296-261"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010296_261-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 296. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008932-262"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008932_262-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 932. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008929-263"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008929_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 929. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010298-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010298_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 298. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005154-265"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005154_265-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, p. 154. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDollinger1967231-266"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDollinger1967231_266-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDollinger1967">Dollinger 1967</a>, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002342,_343-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002342,_343_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2002">Beevor 2002</a>, pp. 342, 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343-269"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343_269-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2002">Beevor 2002</a>, p. 343. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343,_344-270"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002343,_344_270-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2002">Beevor 2002</a>, pp. 343, 344. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008950-271"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008950_271-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 950. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008949,_950-272"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008949,_950_272-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, pp. 949, 950. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShirer19601128-273"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShirer19601128_273-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShirer1960">Shirer 1960</a>, p. 1128. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015686-274">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015686_274-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015686_274-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 686. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008955-275"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKershaw2008955_275-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKershaw2008">Kershaw 2008</a>, p. 955. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMisch2014173-276"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMisch2014173_276-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMisch2014">Misch 2014</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005157-277"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005157_277-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005324-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005324_278-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, p. 324. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005156-279"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005156_279-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, p. 156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002380,_381-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002380,_381_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002380,_381_280-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2002">Beevor 2002</a>, pp. 380, 381. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoachimsthaler199952-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoachimsthaler199952_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoachimsthaler199952_281-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJoachimsthaler1999">Joachimsthaler 1999</a>, p. 52. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002381-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002381_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeevor2002381_282-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeevor2002">Beevor 2002</a>, p. 381. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMisch2014182,_183-283"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMisch2014182,_183_283-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMisch2014">Misch 2014</a>, pp. 182, 183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFest2004163–164-284"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFest2004163–164_284-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFest2004">Fest 2004</a>, pp. 163–164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005111,_333-285"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005111,_333_285-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, pp. 111, 333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005333-286"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005333_286-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, p. 333. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005335,_336-287"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVinogradov2005335,_336_287-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVinogradov2005">Vinogradov 2005</a>, pp. 335, 336. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391-288"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391_288-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 391. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015159,_160-289"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015159,_160_289-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 159, 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015160-290"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015160_290-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010179-291"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010179_291-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317,_318-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317,_318_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 317, 318. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392-293">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392_293-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392_293-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 392. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010170-294"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010170_294-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392–395-295"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015392–395_295-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 392–395. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391,_395-296"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015391,_395_296-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, pp. 391, 395. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010167–169-297"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010167–169_297-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, pp. 167–169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317-298"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015317_298-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 317. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010204-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010204_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2015152-300"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2015152_300-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2015">Longerich 2015</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010165-301"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManvellFraenkel2010165_301-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010">Manvell & Fraenkel 2010</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThacker2010149-302"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThacker2010149_302-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThacker2010">Thacker 2010</a>, p. 149. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel1967-303"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDer_Spiegel1967_303-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDer_Spiegel1967">Der Spiegel 1967</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdam2021" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Christian (2021). Bestsellers of the Third Reich: Readers, Writers and the Politics of Literature. Translated by Stokes, Anne. New York: Berghahn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80073-039-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80073-039-7"><bdi>978-1-80073-039-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bestsellers+of+the+Third+Reich%3A+Readers%2C+Writers+and+the+Politics+of+Literature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Berghahn&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-80073-039-7&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalfour1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Balfour_(historian)" title="Michael Balfour (historian)">Balfour, Michael</a> (1979). Propaganda in War, 1939–1945: Organisations, Policies, and Publics, in Britain and Germany. Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-0193-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7100-0193-1"><bdi>978-0-7100-0193-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Propaganda+in+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+Organisations%2C+Policies%2C+and+Publics%2C+in+Britain+and+Germany&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-7100-0193-1&rft.aulast=Balfour&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Beevor, Antony</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Berlin:_The_Downfall_1945" title="Berlin: The Downfall 1945">Berlin: The Downfall 1945</a>. London: Viking-Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03041-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03041-5"><bdi>978-0-670-03041-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berlin%3A+The+Downfall+1945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Viking-Penguin+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-670-03041-5&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard2019" class="citation journal cs1">Bernhard, Patrick (7 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550701?journalCode=rmis20">"The great divide? Notions of racism in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: new answers to an old problem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Modern_Italian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Modern Italian Studies">Journal of Modern Italian Studies</a>. 24 (1): 97–114. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1354571X.2019.1550701">10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550701</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-571X">1354-571X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150519628">150519628</a>. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Italian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+great+divide%3F+Notions+of+racism+in+Fascist+Italy+and+Nazi+Germany%3A+new+answers+to+an+old+problem&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=97-114&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150519628%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1354-571X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1354571X.2019.1550701&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F1354571X.2019.1550701%3FjournalCode%3Drmis20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullock1962" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, Alan (1962). Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Harper Torchbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-060-92020-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-060-92020-3"><bdi>978-0-060-92020-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Study+in+Tyranny&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Torchbooks&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-060-92020-3&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarsten1989" class="citation journal cs1">Carsten, F. L. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639546">"The Goebbels Diaries"</a>. The Historical Journal. 32 (3): 751–756. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00012553">10.1017/S0018246X00012553</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-246X">0018-246X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639546">2639546</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162978039">162978039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Goebbels+Diaries&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=751-756&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0018-246X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162978039%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639546%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00012553&rft.aulast=Carsten&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2639546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBundesarchiv" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/dba/de/search/?query=Bild+146-1978-086-03">"Joseph Goebbels with family. Picture 146-1978-086-03"</a>. Bundesarchiv. 1940–1942. Retrieved 9 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Goebbels+with+family.+Picture+146-1978-086-03&rft.pub=Bundesarchiv&rft.date=1940%2F1942&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bild.bundesarchiv.de%2Fdba%2Fde%2Fsearch%2F%3Fquery%3DBild%2B146-1978-086-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichstag_databank" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de/selectmaske.html?name=Goebbels&geschlecht=&ort=&beruforg=&BERUF=&BERUFSFELDER%5B%5D=&KONFESSION%5B%5D=&WP%5B%5D=&PARTEI%5B%5D=&schlu=reichstag24&recherche=ja">"Datenbank der deutschen Parlamentsabgeordneten. Basis: Parlamentsalmanache/Reichstagshandbücher 1867–1938"</a>. www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de&rft.atitle=Datenbank+der+deutschen+Parlamentsabgeordneten.+Basis%3A+Parlamentsalmanache%2FReichstagshandb%C3%BCcher+1867%E2%80%931938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de%2Fselectmaske.html%3Fname%3DGoebbels%26geschlecht%3D%26ort%3D%26beruforg%3D%26BERUF%3D%26BERUFSFELDER%255B%255D%3D%26KONFESSION%255B%255D%3D%26WP%255B%255D%3D%26PARTEI%255B%255D%3D%26schlu%3Dreichstag24%26recherche%3Dja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDollinger1967" class="citation book cs1">Dollinger, Hans (1967) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/declinefallofnaz0000doll">The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan</a>. New York: Bonanza. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-01313-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-01313-7"><bdi>978-0-517-01313-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Decline+and+Fall+of+Nazi+Germany+and+Imperial+Japan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bonanza&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-517-01313-7&rft.aulast=Dollinger&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeclinefallofnaz0000doll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Evans, Richard J.</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coming of the Third Reich">The Coming of the Third Reich</a>. Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303469-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303469-8"><bdi>978-0-14-303469-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303469-8&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2005" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdreichinpowe00evan">The Third Reich in Power</a>. New York: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303790-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303790-3"><bdi>978-0-14-303790-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+in+Power&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303790-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdreichinpowe00evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2008" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2008). The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311671-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311671-4"><bdi>978-0-14-311671-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311671-4&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFest2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Fest" title="Joachim Fest">Fest, Joachim</a> (2004). Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-13577-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-13577-5"><bdi>978-0-374-13577-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Hitler%27s+Bunker%3A+The+Last+Days+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-374-13577-5&rft.aulast=Fest&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebbels1944" class="citation web cs1">Goebbels, Joseph (1944) [1943]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/goeb36.htm">"Nun, Volk steh auf, und Sturm brich los!"</a> [Nation, Rise Up, and Let the Storm Break Loose]. German Propaganda Archive. Calvin University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Propaganda+Archive&rft.atitle=Nun%2C+Volk+steh+auf%2C+und+Sturm+brich+los%21&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Goebbels&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Fgoeb36.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebbels1927" class="citation web cs1">Goebbels, Joseph (1927) [1926]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/nazi-sozi.htm">"Der Nazi-Sozi"</a> [The Nazi-Sozi]. German Propaganda Archive. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Calvin University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Propaganda+Archive&rft.atitle=Der+Nazi-Sozi&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Goebbels&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.calvin.edu%2Fgerman-propaganda-archive%2Fnazi-sozi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebbels1935" class="citation web cs1">Goebbels, Joseph (September 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=192">"Jews will destroy culture"</a>. Nazi Party Congress at Nuremberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+will+destroy+culture&rft.place=Nazi+Party+Congress+at+Nuremberg&rft.date=1935-09&rft.aulast=Goebbels&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Fmedia_fi.php%3FMediaId%3D192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther1940" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">Gunther, John</a> (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.149663/2015.149663.Inside-Europe#page/n1/mode/2up">Inside Europe</a>. New York: Harper & Brothers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/836676034">836676034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F836676034&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.149663%2F2015.149663.Inside-Europe%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHale1973" class="citation book cs1">Hale, Oron J. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/captivepressin00hale">The Captive Press in the Third Reich</a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-00770-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-00770-5"><bdi>0-691-00770-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Captive+Press+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-691-00770-5&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Oron+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaptivepressin00hale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_Times,_8_April_1944" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1944/04/08/archives/hitler-names-goebbels-president-of-berlin.html">"Hitler Names Goebbels 'President of Berlin'"</a>. The New York Times. 8 April 1944. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hitler+Names+Goebbels+%27President+of+Berlin%27&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1944-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1944%2F04%2F08%2Farchives%2Fhitler-names-goebbels-president-of-berlin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMI5,_Hitler's_Last_Days" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mi5.gov.uk/hitlers-last-days">"Hitler's Last Days"</a>. Government of the United Kingdom. MI5 Security Service. Retrieved 9 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Last+Days&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi5.gov.uk%2Fhitlers-last-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHull1969" class="citation book cs1">Hull, David Stewart (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filminthirdreich0000hull">Film in the Third Reich: A Study of the German Cinema, 1933–1945</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+in+the+Third+Reich%3A+A+Study+of+the+German+Cinema%2C+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=David+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilminthirdreich0000hull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoachimsthaler1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anton_Joachimsthaler" title="Anton Joachimsthaler">Joachimsthaler, Anton</a> (1999) [1995]. The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth. Trans. Helmut Bögler. London: Brockhampton Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86019-902-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86019-902-8"><bdi>978-1-86019-902-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Days+of+Hitler%3A+The+Legends%2C+the+Evidence%2C+the+Truth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Brockhampton+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86019-902-8&rft.aulast=Joachimsthaler&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw, Ian</a> (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06757-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06757-6"><bdi>978-0-393-06757-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06757-6&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Longerich" title="Peter Longerich">Longerich, Peter</a> (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5"><bdi>978-0-19-280436-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holocaust%3A+The+Nazi+Persecution+and+Murder+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280436-5&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2012" class="citation book cs1">Longerich, Peter (2012). Heinrich Himmler: A Life. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6"><bdi>978-0-19-959232-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinrich+Himmler%3A+A+Life&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959232-6&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2015" class="citation book cs1">Longerich, Peter (2015). <a href="/wiki/Goebbels:_A_Biography" title="Goebbels: A Biography">Goebbels: A Biography</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400067510" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400067510"><bdi>978-1400067510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goebbels%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1400067510&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLow1996" class="citation book cs1">Low, Alfred D. (1996). The Men Around Hitler: The Nazi Elite and Its Collaborators. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88033-348-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88033-348-0"><bdi>0-88033-348-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Men+Around+Hitler%3A+The+Nazi+Elite+and+Its+Collaborators&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-88033-348-0&rft.aulast=Low&rft.aufirst=Alfred+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Manvell" title="Roger Manvell">Manvell, Roger</a>; <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Fraenkel" title="Heinrich Fraenkel">Fraenkel, Heinrich</a> (2010) [1960]. Doctor Goebbels: His Life and Death. New York: Skyhorse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61608-029-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61608-029-7"><bdi>978-1-61608-029-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctor+Goebbels%3A+His+Life+and+Death&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Skyhorse&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61608-029-7&rft.aulast=Manvell&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Fraenkel%2C+Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2006" class="citation book cs1">Michael, Robert (2006). Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0230601987" title="Special:BookSources/0230601987"><bdi>0230601987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holy+Hatred%3A+Christianity%2C+Antisemitism%2C+and+the+Holocaust&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0230601987&rft.aulast=Michael&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSchulz2012" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2012). Albrecht, Herbert; Hüttmann, H. Wilhelm (eds.). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and their Deputies, 1925–1945. Bender. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932970-21-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932970-21-0"><bdi>978-1-932970-21-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gauleiter%3A+The+Regional+Leaders+of+the+Nazi+Party+and+their+Deputies%2C+1925%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Bender&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-932970-21-0&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Schulz%2C+Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisch2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rochus_Misch" title="Rochus Misch">Misch, Rochus</a> (2014) [2008]. Hitler's Last Witness: The Memoirs of Hitler's Bodyguard. London: Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-848-32749-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-848-32749-8"><bdi>978-1-848-32749-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Last+Witness%3A+The+Memoirs+of+Hitler%27s+Bodyguard&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frontline+Books-Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-848-32749-8&rft.aulast=Misch&rft.aufirst=Rochus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrlow1973" class="citation book cs1">Orlow, Dietrich (1973) [1969]. The History of the Nazi Party: 1933–1945. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-822-93253-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-822-93253-9"><bdi>0-822-93253-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Nazi+Party%3A+1933%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-822-93253-9&rft.aulast=Orlow&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead2003" class="citation book cs1">Read, Anthony (2003). The Devil's Disciples: The Lives and Times of Hitler's Inner Circle. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-06008-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-06008-2"><bdi>0-224-06008-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Disciples%3A+The+Lives+and+Times+of+Hitler%27s+Inner+Circle&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-224-06008-2&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReesKershaw2012" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Rees" title="Laurence Rees">Rees, Laurence</a> (writer, director) <a href="/wiki/Ian_Kershaw" title="Ian Kershaw">Kershaw, Ian</a> (writer, consultant) (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p01pm">The Dark Charisma of Adolf Hitler</a> (television documentary). UK: <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 9 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dark+Charisma+of+Adolf+Hitler&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb01p01pm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuth1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Georg_Reuth" title="Ralf Georg Reuth">Reuth, Ralf Georg</a> (1994). Goebbels. Harvest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-600139-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-600139-7"><bdi>978-0-15-600139-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goebbels&rft.pub=Harvest&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-15-600139-7&rft.aulast=Reuth&rft.aufirst=Ralf+Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goebbels0000reut">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">Shirer, William L.</a> (1960). <a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-62420-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-62420-0"><bdi>978-0-671-62420-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=978-0-671-62420-0&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiemens2013" class="citation book cs1">Siemens, Daniel (2013). The Making of a Nazi Hero: The Murder and Myth of Horst Wessel. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-313-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85773-313-9"><bdi>978-0-85773-313-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Nazi+Hero%3A+The+Murder+and+Myth+of+Horst+Wessel&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-85773-313-9&rft.aulast=Siemens&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnell1959" class="citation book cs1">Snell, John L. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nazirevolutionge00snel">The Nazi Revolution: Germany's Guilt Or Germany's Fate?</a>. Boston: Heath & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/504833477">504833477</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nazi+Revolution%3A+Germany%27s+Guilt+Or+Germany%27s+Fate%3F&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Heath+%26+Co&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504833477&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnazirevolutionge00snel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDer_Spiegel1967" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Staff (1 October 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/die-stille-gruppe-a-559e3fb9-0002-0001-0000-000046289910">"Die stille Gruppe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> (in German). Retrieved 4 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Die+stille+Gruppe&rft.date=1967-10-01&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdie-stille-gruppe-a-559e3fb9-0002-0001-0000-000046289910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLIFE_Magazine1938" class="citation magazine cs1">Staff (28 March 1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3UoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20">"Hitler Takes Austria: Goebbels and Reichsautobahn"</a>. Life. Vol. 4, no. 3. p. 20. Retrieved 28 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Hitler+Takes+Austria%3A+Goebbels+and+Reichsautobahn&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1938-03-28&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3UoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Telegraph2012" class="citation web cs1">Staff (25 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120925132927/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9564400/Joseph-Goebbels-love-letters-up-for-auction.html">"Joseph Goebbels love letters up for auction"</a>. The Telegraph. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9564400/Joseph-Goebbels-love-letters-up-for-auction.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Joseph+Goebbels+love+letters+up+for+auction&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworld-war-two%2F9564400%2FJoseph-Goebbels-love-letters-up-for-auction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStachura2015" class="citation book cs1">Stachura, Peter D. (2015). Gregor Strasser and the Rise of Nazism. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-79862-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-79862-5"><bdi>978-1-138-79862-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gregor+Strasser+and+the+Rise+of+Nazism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-138-79862-5&rft.aulast=Stachura&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThacker2010" class="citation book cs1">Thacker, Toby (2010) [2009]. Joseph Goebbels: Life and Death. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27866-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27866-0"><bdi>978-0-230-27866-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Goebbels%3A+Life+and+Death&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-27866-0&rft.aulast=Thacker&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinogradov2005" class="citation book cs1">Vinogradov, V. K. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlersdeathruss0000vino">Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB</a>. Chaucer Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904449-13-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904449-13-3"><bdi>978-1-904449-13-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Death%3A+Russia%27s+Last+Great+Secret+from+the+Files+of+the+KGB&rft.pub=Chaucer+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904449-13-3&rft.aulast=Vinogradov&rft.aufirst=V.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlersdeathruss0000vino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramsted1965" class="citation book cs1">Bramsted, Ernest (1965). Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda, 1925–1945. Michigan State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goebbels+and+National+Socialist+Propaganda%2C+1925%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Bramsted&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kristallnachtpre00gilb">Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction</a>. New York: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-057083-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-057083-5"><bdi>978-0-06-057083-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kristallnacht%3A+Prelude+to+Destruction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-06-057083-5&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkristallnachtpre00gilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebbels1922" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Goebbels, Joseph (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.53164">Wilhelm v. Schütz als Dramatiker: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Dramas der Romantischen Schule</a> [William V. Schütz as a Playwright: A Contribution to the History of Drama of the Romantic School] (in German). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11588%2Fdiglit.53164">10.11588/diglit.53164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilhelm+v.+Sch%C3%BCtz+als+Dramatiker%3A+ein+Beitrag+zur+Geschichte+des+Dramas+der+Romantischen+Schule&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11588%2Fdiglit.53164&rft.aulast=Goebbels&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11588%2Fdiglit.53164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeiber1972" class="citation book cs1">Heiber, Helmut (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goebbels00heib">Goebbels</a>. New York: Hawthorn Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/383933">383933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goebbels&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Books&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F383933&rft.aulast=Heiber&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoebbels00heib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goebbels00heib">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerf2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Herf" title="Jeffrey Herf">Herf, Jeffrey</a> (2005). "The 'Jewish War': Goebbels and the Antisemitic Campaigns of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry". Holocaust and Genocide Studies. 19 (1): 51–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhgs%2Fdci003">10.1093/hgs/dci003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143944355">143944355</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Holocaust+and+Genocide+Studies&rft.atitle=The+%27Jewish+War%27%3A+Goebbels+and+the+Antisemitic+Campaigns+of+the+Nazi+Propaganda+Ministry&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-80&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhgs%2Fdci003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143944355%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKater1990" class="citation journal cs1">Kater, Michael H. (1 August 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/cjh.25.2.233">"Inside Nazis The Goebbels Diaries, 1924–1941"</a>. Canadian Journal of History. 25 (2): 233–244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjh.25.2.233">10.3138/cjh.25.2.233</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-4107">0008-4107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+History&rft.atitle=Inside+Nazis+The+Goebbels+Diaries%2C+1924%E2%80%931941&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-244&rft.date=1990-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcjh.25.2.233&rft.issn=0008-4107&rft.aulast=Kater&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utpjournals.press%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.3138%2Fcjh.25.2.233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoeller2000" class="citation book cs1">Moeller, Felix (2000). The Film Minister: Goebbels and the Cinema in the Third Reich. Axel Menges. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-932565-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-932565-10-6"><bdi>978-3-932565-10-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Film+Minister%3A+Goebbels+and+the+Cinema+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Axel+Menges&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-932565-10-6&rft.aulast=Moeller&rft.aufirst=Felix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollo1988" class="citation journal cs1">Mollo, Andrew (1988). Ramsey, Winston (ed.). "The Berlin Führerbunker: The Thirteenth Hole". After the Battle (61). London: Battle of Britain International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=After+the+Battle&rft.atitle=The+Berlin+F%C3%BChrerbunker%3A+The+Thirteenth+Hole&rft.issue=61&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Mollo&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimann1976" class="citation book cs1">Reimann, Viktor (1976). Goebbels: The Man Who Created Hitler. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385017138" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385017138"><bdi>978-0385017138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goebbels%3A+The+Man+Who+Created+Hitler&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0385017138&rft.aulast=Reimann&rft.aufirst=Viktor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRentschler1996" class="citation book cs1">Rentschler, Eric (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ministryofillusi0000rent">The Ministry of Illusion: Nazi Cinema and Its Afterlife</a>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57640-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-57640-7"><bdi>978-0-674-57640-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ministry+of+Illusion%3A+Nazi+Cinema+and+Its+Afterlife&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-674-57640-7&rft.aulast=Rentschler&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fministryofillusi0000rent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhealey1998" class="citation journal cs1">Whealey, Robert H. (1 December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1999.tb01030.x">"Nazi Propagandist Joseph Goebbels Looks at the Spanish Civil War"</a>. The Historian. 61 (2): 341–360. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.1999.tb01030.x">10.1111/j.1540-6563.1999.tb01030.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2370">0018-2370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historian&rft.atitle=Nazi+Propagandist+Joseph+Goebbels+Looks+at+the+Spanish+Civil+War&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=341-360&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.1999.tb01030.x&rft.issn=0018-2370&rft.aulast=Whealey&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.1999.tb01030.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+Goebbels" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Joseph_Goebbels" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Joseph_Goebbels" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joseph_Goebbels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=Joseph%20Goebbels">Online books, movies, images, and speeches</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/joseph-goebbels-1">Joseph Goebbels | Holocaust Encyclopedia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/goebmain.htm">Collection of speeches and essays by Joseph Goebbels</a> at <a href="/wiki/Calvin_University" title="Calvin University">Calvin University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/arct14.soc.amexhitpro/the-man-behind-hitler-gallery-homefront-propaganda-in-germany-and-the-usa/">The Man Behind Hitler</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907022559/https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/arct14.soc.amexhitpro/the-man-behind-hitler-gallery-homefront-propaganda-in-germany-and-the-usa/">Archived</a> 7 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, documentary film and supplementary material from <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/006223">Newspaper clippings about Joseph Goebbels</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de/selectmaske.html?pnd=118540041&recherche=ja">Information about Joseph Goebbels</a> in the Reichstag database</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Schlange" title="Ernst Schlange">Ernst Schlange</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gauleiters" title="List of Gauleiters">Gauleiter of Berlin</a> 26 October 1926–1 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Position abolished </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Position established </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda</a> 14 March 1933–30 April 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Naumann" title="Werner Naumann">Werner Naumann</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Steeg" title="Ludwig Steeg">Ludwig Steeg</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Stadtpräsident of Berlin 7 April 1944–1 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Position abolished</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Position established </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War 23 July 1944—1 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a> 30 April 1945—1 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Gau Berlin</a> 25 September 1944—1 May 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;">Sporting positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Dewey" title="Godfrey Dewey">Godfrey Dewey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Olympic_Organizing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Olympic Organizing Committee">President of Organizing Committee for Winter Olympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schl%C3%A4ppi" title="Alfred Schläppi">Alfred Schläppi</a> & <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schl%C3%A4ppi" title="Heinrich Schläppi">Heinrich Schläppi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/George_Bryant_(archer)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bryant (archer)">George Bryant</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Olympic_Organizing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Olympic Organizing Committee">President of Organizing Committee for Summer Olympic Games</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ritter_von_Halt" title="Karl Ritter von Halt">Karl Ritter von Halt</a>) <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Cecil,_6th_Marquess_of_Exeter" title="David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter">Lord Burghley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism" title="Template:Nazism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazism" title="Template talk:Nazism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#History" title="Nazi Germany">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazism#Ideology_and_programme" title="Nazism">Ideology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li>Goebbels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis" title="Category:Nazis">Ideologues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li>Pre-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul></li> <ul><li>Post-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_war_crimes" title="Category:Nazi war crimes">Atrocities and war crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani genocide">Romani genocide</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role and impact in German society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht" title="Nazism and the Wehrmacht">The Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_German_nobility_in_the_Nazi_Party" title="Former German nobility in the Nazi Party">Nobility</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fascism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fascism" title="Template:Fascism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fascism" title="Template talk:Fascism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fascism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Themes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Themes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Core_tenets" title="Fascism">Core tenets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nation" title="Bourgeois nation">Anti-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_capitalism" title="Heroic capitalism">Heroic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_rationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of rationalism">Irrationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_of_masculinity_under_fascist_Italy" title="Model of masculinity under fascist Italy">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapitalism" title="Supercapitalism">Supercapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism" title="Definitions of fascism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Fascism and ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">Fascism worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Variants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_fascism" title="Arab fascism">Arab</a></li> <li>Argentine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera#Views" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union#Ideology" title="National Synarchist Union">Mexican synarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_fascism" title="Confucian fascism">Confucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party#Ideology_and_fascism_of_PPF" title="French Popular Party">Doriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a> <ul><li>Neo-Pétainism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation#Ideology" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise#Ideology" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau#Valois's_version_of_fascism" title="Le Faisceau">Valoisism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party#Ideology" title="Arrow Cross Party">Hungarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe#Ideology" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofascism" title="Islamofascism">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intransigent_fascism" title="Intransigent fascism">Intransigent</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Restoration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fascism" title="Jewish fascism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia#Korean_Peninsula" title="Fascism in Asia">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">Nyulaiteu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">LaRoucheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts#Principles_and_ideology" title="Pērkonkrusts">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Mystical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia#Ideology" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden#Ideology" title="Nazism in Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Black_Movement#Ideology" title="Blue-and-Black Movement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">NRx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Pan-Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party#Ideology" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li> <li>Romanian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism#Ideology" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Romanianism/Stelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism#Eurasianism_as_ideology" title="Eurasianism">Neo-Eurasianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party#Ideology" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno-fascism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Positionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Marzism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Marzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Uruguayan_revisionism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosism" title="Sosism">Sosism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e#Ideology" title="Ustaše">Ustašism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Movements</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Association_of_the_Lictor" title="Muslim Association of the Lictor">Muslim Association of the Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Egypt_Party_(1933)" title="Young Egypt Party (1933)">Young Egypt Party (1933)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muthanna_Club" title="Al-Muthanna Club">Al-Muthanna Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Party" title="Aria Party">Aria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Democrat_Party" title="Azerbaijan National Democrat Party">Azerbaijan National Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_HaBirionim" title="Brit HaBirionim">Brit HaBirionim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran-e-No_Party" title="Iran-e-No Party">Iran-e-No Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Front" title="Jewish National Front">Jewish National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkokukai" title="Kenkokukai">Kenkokukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokumin_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Kokumin Dōmei">Kokumin Dōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party (South Korea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasyonal_Aktivite_ve_Zinde_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf" title="Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf">Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Task_Party" title="Nationalist Task Party">Nationalist Task Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Will_Party" title="National Will Party">National Will Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_of_Iran" title="Nation Party of Iran">Nation Party of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranist_Party" title="Pan-Iranist Party">Pan-Iranist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Party" title="Palestine Arab Party">Palestine Arab Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Iran)" title="Progress Party (Iran)">Progress Party (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Falange" title="Philippine Falange">Philippine Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastakhiz_Party" title="Rastakhiz Party">Rastakhiz Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party">Rastriya Prajatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Gau_Raksha_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal">Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Makkal_Katchi" title="Hindu Makkal Katchi">Hindu Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Union_Party_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Turkish Union Party (Northern Cyprus)">Turkish Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_(Wang_Jingwei)" title="Kuomintang (Wang Jingwei)">Wang Jingwei Kuomintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Northern / Northwestern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Karelia_Society" title="Academic Karelia Society">Academic Karelia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Ailtirí na hAiséirghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_Aut%C3%B3nomas" title="Bases Autónomas">Bases Autónomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front_(Netherlands)" title="Black Front (Netherlands)">Black Front (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Social-National_Workers%27_Movement" title="Breton Social-National Workers' Movement">Breton Social-National Workers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party (1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_%2786" title="Centre Party '86">Centre Party '86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_People%27s_Party" title="Clerical People's Party">Clerical People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Fascist_Union" title="Dutch Fascist Union">Dutch Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_National_Socialist_Labor_Organisation" title="Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation">Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_People%27s_Organisation" title="Finnish People's Organisation">Finnish People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish-Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party">Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlaamsch_Nationaal_Verbond" title="Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond">Flemish National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Nationalist Party">French Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dutch_Fascist_League" title="General Dutch Fascist League">General Dutch Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Collaboration" title="Groupe Collaboration">Groupe Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalli_Alliance_of_Finland" title="Lalli Alliance of Finland">Lalli Alliance of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_d%27Action_Civique" title="Mouvement d'Action Civique">Mouvement d'Action Civique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Sweden)" title="National Alliance (Sweden)">National Alliance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Iceland)" title="Nationalist Party (Iceland)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Bloc" title="National Socialist Bloc">National Socialist Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Dutch_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Dutch Workers Party">National Socialist Dutch Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Union_of_Finland" title="National Socialist Union of Finland">National Socialist Union of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Sweden)" title="National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)">National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialists_of_Finland" title="National Socialists of Finland">National Socialists of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Syndicalists_(Portugal)" title="National Syndicalists (Portugal)">National Syndicalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Netherlands)" title="National Union (Netherlands)">National Union (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Union (Portugal)">National Union (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">The Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (United Kingdom)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League#Norwegian_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">Norwegian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_National_Socialists" title="Organisation of National Socialists">Organisation of National Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communautaire_National-Europ%C3%A9en" title="Parti Communautaire National-Européen">Parti Communautaire National-Européen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Finnish_Labor" title="Party of Finnish Labor">Party of Finnish Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement_(1993)" title="Patriotic People's Movement (1993)">Patriotic People's Movement (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts" title="Pērkonkrusts">Pērkonkrusts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Finland" title="Rising Finland">Rising Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Scottish Democratic Fascist Party">Scottish Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_League" title="Scottish Protestant League">Scottish Protestant League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormers_(Finland)" title="Stormers (Finland)">Stormers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(France)" title="Third Way (France)">Third Way (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(UK_organisation)" title="Third Way (UK organisation)">Third Way (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdinaso" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Central Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front" title="Black Front">Black Front</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_Osten" title="Bund Deutscher Osten">Bund Deutscher Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Socialist_Front" title="Christian National Socialist Front">Christian National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgen%C3%B6ssische_Sammlung" title="Eidgenössische Sammlung">Eidgenössische Sammlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)">German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Agricultural_Labourers%27_and_Workers%27_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party">Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Party">Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Homeland_Service" title="Liechtenstein Homeland Service">Liechtenstein Homeland Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Hungary)" title="National Front (Hungary)">National Front (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Switzerland)" title="National Front (Switzerland)">National Front (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_of_Switzerland" title="National Movement of Switzerland">National Movement of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp#Modern_incarnation_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Switzerland)" title="National Union (Switzerland)">National Union (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_German_People%27s_Community" title="Greater German People's Community">Greater German People's Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Freedom_Movement" title="National Socialist Freedom Movement">National Socialist Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Working_Association" title="National Socialist Working Association">National Socialist Working Association</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Germany)" title="New Order (Germany)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German_Party" title="Sudeten German Party">Sudeten German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The Third Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="United Hungarian National Socialist Party">United Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Bewegung" title="Volksdeutsche Bewegung">Volksdeutsche Bewegung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD%C3%91%E2%80%93Spanish_Identity" title="ADÑ–Spanish Identity">ADÑ–Spanish Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Party" title="Albanian Fascist Party">Albanian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Democratic Fascist Party">Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nation_State" title="European Nation State">European Nation State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">Falange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secci%C3%B3n_Femenina" title="Sección Femenina">Sección Femenina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Falange_(1999)" title="La Falange (1999)">La Falange (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Auténtica">Falange Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Falange Española">Falange Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Española Auténtica">Falange Española Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS" title="Falange Española de las JONS">Falange Española de las JONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS_(1976)" title="Falange Española de las JONS (1976)">Falange Española de las JONS (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Independiente" title="Falange Española Independiente">Falange Española Independiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangist_Movement_of_Spain" title="Falangist Movement of Spain">Falangist Movement of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_de_Ofensiva_Nacional-Sindicalista" title="Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista">Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_Espa%C3%B1olas" title="Juntas Españolas">Juntas Españolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_July_18" title="National Alliance July 18">National Alliance July 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Spain)" title="National Democracy (Spain)">National Democracy (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_1986)" title="National Front (Spain, 1986)">National Front (Spain, 1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_2006)" title="National Front (Spain, 2006)">National Front (Spain, 2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Italy,_1923)" title="National Union (Italy, 1923)">National Union (Italy, 1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Spain)" title="National Union (Spain)">National Union (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Italy)" title="New Force (Italy)">New Force (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Spain)" title="New Force (Spain)">New Force (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Social_Movement" title="Republican Social Movement">Republican Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Italy)" title="The Right (Italy)">The Right (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Fascist_Party" title="Sammarinese Fascist Party">Sammarinese Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Military_Union" title="Spanish Military Union">Spanish Military Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Struggle of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terza_Posizione" title="Terza Posizione">Terza Posizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unidad_Falangista_Monta%C3%B1esa" title="Unidad Falangista Montañesa">Unidad Falangista Montañesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Eastern and Southeastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autochthonous_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights">Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Socialist_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party">Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Liberation_Movement" title="Croatian Liberation Movement">Croatian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Croatian Party of Rights">Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Crusade of Romanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falanga_(organisation)" title="Falanga (organisation)">Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Native_Language!" title="For the Native Language!">For the Native Language!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_National_Revolutionary_Action" title="Front of National Revolutionary Action">Front of National Revolutionary Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(Romania)" title="German Party (Romania)">German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Romania)" title="German People's Party (Romania)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Socialist_Party" title="Greek National Socialist Party">Greek National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">LEPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Nationalist_Union" title="Lithuanian Nationalist Union">Lithuanian Nationalist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party" title="National Agrarian Party">National Agrarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Front" title="National Bolshevik Front">National Bolshevik Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Community" title="National Fascist Community">National Fascist Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Movement" title="National Fascist Movement">National Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Patriotic_Organisation" title="National Socialist Patriotic Organisation">National Socialist Patriotic Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Social_Movement" title="National Social Movement">National Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romanian_Fascio" title="National Romanian Fascio">National Romanian Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Pedophilia" title="Occupy Pedophilia">Occupy Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance_(Greece)" title="Patriotic Alliance (Greece)">Patriotic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(interwar_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Party (interwar Romania)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratniks" title="Ratniks">Ratniks</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front" title="Romanian Front">Romanian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Fascist_Movement" title="Russian Women's Fascist Movement">Russian Women's Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Radical_Party" title="Serbian Radical Party">Serbian Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="National Socialist Party (Romania)">Steel Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgarian_National_Legions" title="Union of Bulgarian National Legions">Union of Bulgarian National Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_in_Australia" title="Ustaše in Australia">Ustaše in Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radical_Union" title="Yugoslav Radical Union">Yugoslav Radical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Movement" title="Yugoslav National Movement">ZBOR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America" title="Fascism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Canada" title="Fascism in Canada">Fascism in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_for_Free_Expression" title="Canadian Association for Free Expression">Canadian Association for Free Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Union_of_Fascists" title="Canadian Union of Fascists">Canadian Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Foreign_Aid_Reform" title="Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform">Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity Party (Canada)">Parti national social chrétien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America#United_States" title="Fascism in North America">Fascism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_League_of_North_America" title="Fascist League of North America">Fascist League of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyim_Defense_League" title="Goyim Defense League">Goyim Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaRouche_movement" title="LaRouche movement">LaRouche movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South" title="League of the South">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131" title="Nationalist Social Club-131">Nationalist Social Club-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Legion" title="National Socialist Legion">National Socialist Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Legion of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_(United_States,_1930s)" title="Christian Party (United States, 1930s)">Christian Party (United States, 1930s)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksfront" title="Volksfront">Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotansvolk" title="Wotansvolk">Wotansvolk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Revolutionary Mexicanist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Democratic_Party" title="Mexican Democratic Party">Mexican Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Fascist_Party" title="Mexican Fascist Party">Mexican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Patria_Party" title="National Pro Patria Party">National Pro Patria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_of_Mexico" title="Nationalist Front of Mexico">Nationalist Front of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Zealandia" title="Action Zealandia">Action Zealandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Movement" title="Australia First Movement">Australia First Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(New_South_Wales)" title="Centre Party (New South Wales)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Network" title="National Socialist Network">National Socialist Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Nationalist_Party" title="Progressive Nationalist Party">Progressive Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Australia" title="Reclaim Australia">Reclaim Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_South_America" title="Fascism in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Labor_Party" title="Agrarian Labor Party">Agrarian Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Fascist_Party" title="Argentine Fascist Party">Argentine Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Nationalist_Action" title="Argentine Nationalist Action">Argentine Nationalist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Patriotic_League" title="Argentine Patriotic League">Argentine Patriotic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Socialist_Falange" title="Bolivian Socialist Falange">Bolivian Socialist Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian Integralism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Front" title="Brazilian Integralist Front">Brazilian Integralist Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism_in_Latin_America" title="Falangism in Latin America">Falangism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Peronist_Party" title="Female Peronist Party">Female Peronist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard_(Argentina)" title="Iron Guard (Argentina)">Iron Guard (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo_(Argentine_political_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionalismo (Argentine political movement)">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party_(Argentina)" title="National Fascist Party (Argentina)">National Fascist Party (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Union" title="National Fascist Union">National Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Liberation_Alliance" title="Nationalist Liberation Alliance">Nationalist Liberation Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Guatemala)" title="National Liberation Movement (Guatemala)">National Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Universitary_Concentration" title="National Universitary Concentration">National Universitary Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front_(Argentina)" title="Patriot Front (Argentina)">Patriot Front (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Dignity" title="Popular Dignity">Popular Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Freedom_Alliance" title="Popular Freedom Alliance">Popular Freedom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Representation_Party" title="Popular Representation Party">Popular Representation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Socialist_Vanguard" title="Popular Socialist Vanguard">Popular Socialist Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_League" title="Republican League">Republican League</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Resistencia_Dios,_Patria_y_Familia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia (page does not exist)">La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Union_(Peru)" title="Revolutionary Union (Peru)">Revolutionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuara_Nationalist_Movement" title="Tacuara Nationalist Movement">Tacuara Nationalist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Campbell_(political_activist)" title="Eric Campbell (political activist)">Campbell (Eric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Campbell_(politician)" title="Graeme Campbell (politician)">Campbell (Graeme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Groot" title="Francis de Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rud_Mills" title="Alexander Rud Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Saleam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Miklas" title="Wilhelm Miklas">Miklas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pfrimer" title="Walter Pfrimer">Pfrimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Planetta" title="Otto Planetta">Planetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Schuschnigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Starhemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daye" title="Pierre Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staf_Declercq" class="mw-redirect" title="Staf Declercq">Declercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Denis_(politician)" title="Jean Denis (politician)">Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Elias" title="Hendrik Elias">Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hermans" title="Ward Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lagrou" title="René Lagrou">Lagrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Poulet" title="Robert Poulet">Poulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen" title="Joris Van Severen">Severen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Streel" title="José Streel">Streel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_van_de_Wiele" title="Jef van de Wiele">van de Wiele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Boban" title="Rafael Boban">Boban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jure_Franceti%C4%87" title="Jure Francetić">Francetić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Kraljević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavko_Kvaternik" title="Slavko Kvaternik">Kvaternik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Luburi%C4%87" title="Vjekoslav Luburić">Luburić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Pavelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Viktor Pavičić">Pavičić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sre%C4%87ko_Rover" title="Srećko Rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Servatzy" title="Vjekoslav Servatzy">Servatzy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilho_Helanen" title="Vilho Helanen">Helanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antti_Isotalo_(J%C3%A4ger)" title="Antti Isotalo (Jäger)">Isotalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvi_Kalsta" title="Arvi Kalsta">Kalsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhani_Konkka" title="Juhani Konkka">Konkka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihtori_Kosola" title="Vihtori Kosola">Kosola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risto_Orko" title="Risto Orko">Orko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Simojoki" title="Elias Simojoki">Simojoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Somersalo" title="Arne Somersalo">Somersalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauri_T%C3%B6rni" title="Lauri Törni">Törni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unto_Varjonen" title="Unto Varjonen">Varjonen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Augier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Béraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Alphonse de Châteaubriant">Châteaubriant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lagardelle" title="Hubert Lagardelle">Lagardelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Abetz" title="Otto Abetz">Abetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andrae" title="Alexander Andrae">Andrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berchtold" title="Joseph Berchtold">Berchtold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Berger" title="Gottlob Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_B%C3%BChler" title="Josef Bühler">Bühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Falkenhausen" title="Alexander von Falkenhausen">Falkenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Hocke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn Hocke">Hocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Forster" title="Albert Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Franz,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Franz V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gesche" title="Bruno Gesche">Gesche</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Graf" title="Ulrich Graf">Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Greiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Hanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrich_Klintzsch" title="Hans Ulrich Klintzsch">Klintzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Julius_Kuhn" title="Fritz Julius Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Ludendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Maurice" title="Emil Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(Gestapo)" title="Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ploetz" title="Alfred Ploetz">Ploetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rahn" title="Rudolf Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Reitsch" title="Hanna Reitsch">Reitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cil_von_Renthe-Fink" title="Cécil von Renthe-Fink">Renthe-Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rieger" title="Jürgen Rieger">Rieger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Terboven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Thadden" title="Adolf von Thadden">Thadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Krosigk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Kasidiaris" title="Ilias Kasidiaris">Kasidiaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koryzis" title="Alexandros Koryzis">Koryzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Lagos" title="Ioannis Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Michaloliakos" title="Nikolaos Michaloliakos">Michaloliakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Papadopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Godse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">Golwalkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">Hedgewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Forouhar" title="Dariush Forouhar">Forouhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Ghasem_Kashani" title="Abol-Ghasem Kashani">Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Pezeshkpour" title="Mohsen Pezeshkpour">Pezeshkpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Teymourtash" title="Abdolhossein Teymourtash">Teymourtash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Ahimeir" title="Abba Ahimeir">Ahimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ben-Ari" title="Michael Ben-Ari">Ben-Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Eldad" title="Aryeh Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Eliyahu" title="Amihai Eliyahu">Eliyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Goldstein" title="Baruch Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentzi_Gopstein" title="Bentzi Gopstein">Gopstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Zvi_Greenberg" title="Uri Zvi Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ha%27ivri" title="David Ha'ivri">Ha'ivri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Heruti" title="Yaakov Heruti">Heruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Marzel" title="Baruch Marzel">Marzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Natan-Zada" title="Eden Natan-Zada">Natan-Zada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Stern" title="Avraham Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Yeivin" title="Yehoshua Yeivin">Yeivin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Acerbo" title="Giacomo Acerbo">Acerbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Alfieri" title="Dino Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alceste_De_Ambris" title="Alceste De Ambris">Ambris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Azara" title="Antonio Azara">Azara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Torrente Ballester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bastianini" title="Giuseppe Bastianini">Bastianini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bianchi" title="Michele Bianchi">Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Boni_(archaeologist)" title="Giacomo Boni (archaeologist)">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_De_Bono" title="Emilio De Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai" title="Giuseppe Bottai">Bottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Ciano" title="Costanzo Ciano">Ciano (Costanzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano (Galeazzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cogni" title="Giulio Cogni">Cogni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Corradini" title="Enrico Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giuriati" title="Giovanni Giuriati">Giuriati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gozi" title="Giuliano Gozi">Gozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Graziani" title="Rodolfo Graziani">Graziani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Buffarini_Guidi" title="Guido Buffarini Guidi">Guidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Malaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manlio_Morgagni" title="Manlio Morgagni">Morgagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Oliviero_Olivetti" title="Angelo Oliviero Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Papini" title="Giovanni Papini">Papini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Pavolini" title="Alessandro Pavolini">Pavolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Rauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ricci" title="Renato Ricci">Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Ridruejo" title="Dionisio Ridruejo">Ridruejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Rocco" title="Alfredo Rocco">Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmondo_Rossoni" title="Edmondo Rossoni">Rossoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Sarfatti" title="Margherita Sarfatti">Sarfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardengo_Soffici" title="Ardengo Soffici">Soffici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Spirito" title="Ugo Spirito">Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Volpi" title="Giuseppe Volpi">Volpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Ch%C5%8D" title="Isamu Chō">Chō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Honj%C5%8D" title="Shigeru Honjō">Honjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Kodama" title="Yoshio Kodama">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsuke_Matsuoka" title="Yōsuke Matsuoka">Matsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Nonaka" title="Shirō Nonaka">Nonaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dichi_Sasakawa" title="Ryōichi Sasakawa">Sasakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Bacaloglu" title="Elena Bacaloglu">Bacaloglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Manoilescu" title="Mihail Manoilescu">Manoilescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mo%C8%9Ba" title="Ion Moța">Moța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gavril%C4%83_Ogoranu" title="Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu">Ogoranu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benes_Ayo" title="Benes Ayo">Ayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radas%C5%82a%C5%AD_Astro%C5%ADski" title="Radasłaŭ Astroŭski">Astroŭski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Borovikov" title="Dmitry Borovikov">Borovikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina" title="Darya Dugina">Dugina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronislav_Kaminski" title="Bronislav Kaminski">Kaminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kuryokhin" title="Sergey Kuryokhin">Kuryokhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Letov" title="Yegor Letov">Letov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Milchakov" title="Alexey Milchakov">Milchakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Oktan" title="Mikhail Oktan">Oktan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov" title="Alexander Prokhanov">Prokhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Stojadinović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_de_Arrese" title="José Luis de Arrese">Arrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Bau_Nolla" title="Joaquín Bau Nolla">Bau Nolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_de_Bilbao_Egu%C3%ADa" title="Esteban de Bilbao Eguía">Bilbao Eguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cuesta" title="Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta">Fernández-Cuesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Franco,_1st_Duchess_of_Franco" title="Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco">Franco y Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Gim%C3%A9nez_Caballero" title="Ernesto Giménez Caballero">Giménez Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_S%C3%A1nchez_Mazas" title="Rafael Sánchez Mazas">Sánchez Mazas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Serrano_Su%C3%B1er" title="Ramón Serrano Suñer">Serrano Suñer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Dontsov" title="Dmytro Dontsov">Dontsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Klyachkivsky" title="Dmytro Klyachkivsky">Klyachkivsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lebed" title="Mykola Lebed">Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Rebet" title="Lev Rebet">Rebet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulas_Samchuk" title="Ulas Samchuk">Samchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Stetsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Vitrenko" title="Nataliya Vitrenko">Vitrenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Mosley (Diana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Mosley (Oswald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_Pankhurst" title="Adela Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Wellesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal">Abascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Auernheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Auernheimer">Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biggs" title="Joe Biggs">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler#Attitude_towards_Fascism_and_Nazism" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Collins" title="Seward Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Garza" title="Roque González Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michale_Graves" title="Michale Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jeff_Hall" title="Murder of Jeff Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mills_(Aryan_Brotherhood)" title="Barry Mills (Aryan Brotherhood)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Minadeo_II" title="Jon Minadeo II">Minadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patsalos" title="John Patsalos">Patsalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">Pelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irv_Rubin" title="Irv Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio" title="Enrique Tarrio">Tarrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasy_Vonsiatsky" title="Anastasy Vonsiatsky">Vonsyatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Yockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Arana_Osorio" title="Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio">Arana Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Arcand" title="Adrien Arcand">Arcand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_D%27Aubuisson" title="Roberto D'Aubuisson">D'Aubuisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliq_Bushati" title="Maliq Bushati">Bushati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Caetano" title="Marcelo Caetano">Caetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Carrasco" title="Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco">Carrasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Armas" title="Carlos Castillo Armas">Castillo Armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavs_Celmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Gustavs Celmiņš">Celmiņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel_S%C3%A1nchez_Cerro" title="Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro">Cerro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Clausen" title="Frits Clausen">Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Coughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_%C4%8Eur%C4%8Dansk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand Ďurčanský">Ďurčanský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Genoud" title="François Genoud">Genoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_G%C3%B6mb%C3%B6s" title="Gyula Gömbös">Gömbös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gustloff" title="Wilhelm Gustloff">Gustloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Hácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun#Racism_and_admiration_for_Hitler" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Hlinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Linderman" title="Vladimir Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Ljotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Lugones" title="Leopoldo Lugones">Lugones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Lukov" title="Hristo Lukov">Lukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Emilio_Madero" title="Pablo Emilio Madero">Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Maximiliano Hernández Martínez">Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Merlika-Kruja" title="Mustafa Merlika-Kruja">Merlika-Kruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Noreika" title="Jonas Noreika">Noreika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Piasecki" title="Bolesław Piasecki">Piasecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Perón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Phibunsongkhram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto">Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisin-Gioro_Puyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin-Gioro Puyi">Puyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Pedro Pablo Ramírez">Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Riva-Ag%C3%BCero_y_Osma" title="José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma">Riva-Agüero y Osma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Rupnik" title="Leon Rupnik">Rupnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayez_Sayigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayez Sayigh">Sayigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Šešelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Sz%C3%A1lasi" title="Ferenc Szálasi">Szálasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Tsankov" title="Aleksandar Tsankov">Tsankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Weinstein" title="Meir Weinstein">Weinstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1776_Returns" title="1776 Returns">1776 Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">The Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_(book)" title="Defiance (book)">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Did_Six_Million_Really_Die%3F" title="Did Six Million Really Die?">Did Six Million Really Die?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doctrine_of_Fascism" title="The Doctrine of Fascism">The Doctrine of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Man" title="Impeachment of Man">Impeachment of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics" title="Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics">Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Race" title="Manifesto of Race">Manifesto of Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Mussolini_book)" title="My Autobiography (Mussolini book)">My Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Mosley_autobiography)" title="My Life (Mosley autobiography)">My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPROP!" title="OPROP!">OPROP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantische_Rompilger" title="Protestantische Rompilger">Protestantische Rompilger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Racial_Program_for_the_Twentieth_Century" title="A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century">A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Warning_to_the_Hindus" title="A Warning to the Hindus">A Warning to the Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Are_the_Mind_Benders%3F" title="Who Are the Mind Benders?">Who Are the Mind Benders?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(newspaper)" title="Action (newspaper)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajan_Suunta" title="Ajan Suunta">Ajan Suunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Alba" title="L'Alba">L'Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Alc%C3%A1zar" title="El Alcázar">El Alcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Review_(literary_journal)" title="The American Review (literary journal)">The American Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriba_(newspaper)" title="Arriba (newspaper)">Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung">Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Deutsche_M%C3%A4del" title="Das Deutsche Mädel">Das Deutsche Mädel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Difesa_della_Razza" title="La Difesa della Razza">La Difesa della Razza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheros_Kosmos" title="Eleftheros Kosmos">Eleftheros Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_(1953_magazine)" title="The European (1953 magazine)">The European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashizmi" title="Fashizmi">Fashizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_au_travail" title="La France au travail">La France au travail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritt_Folk" title="Fritt Folk">Fritt Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fronten" title="Fronten">Fronten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Fascista" title="Gioventù Fascista">Gioventù Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(magazine)" title="Golden Dawn (magazine)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaas" title="Hamaas">Hamaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_Domobran" title="Hrvatski Domobran">Hrvatski Domobran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangura" title="Kangura">Kangura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansallissosialisti" title="Kansallissosialisti">Kansallissosialisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonka_(newspaper)" title="Limonka (newspaper)">Limonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada2000" title="Masada2000">Masada2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchener_Beobachter" title="Münchener Beobachter">Münchener Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Europa" title="Nation Europa">Nation Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Anthropologie" title="Neue Anthropologie">Neue Anthropologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Nieuwe_Volk" title="Het Nieuwe Volk">Het Nieuwe Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopress" class="mw-redirect" title="Novopress">Novopress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerb%C3%A4r" title="Panzerbär">Panzerbär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_der_Woche" title="Parole der Woche">Parole der Woche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pays_R%C3%A9el" title="Le Pays Réel">Le Pays Réel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Pimpf" title="Der Pimpf">Der Pimpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27histoire_du_fascisme" title="Revue d'histoire du fascisme">Revue d'histoire du fascisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfarm%C4%83-Piatr%C4%83" title="Sfarmă-Piatră">Sfarmă-Piatră</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(magazine)" title="Signal (magazine)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniristi" title="Siniristi">Siniristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Post" title="Türkische Post">Türkische Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Umbruch" title="Der Umbruch">Der Umbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairas" title="Vairas">Vairas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_en_Staat" title="Volk en Staat">Volk en Staat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Wehrmacht" title="Die Wehrmacht">Die Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wochenspruch_der_NSDAP" title="Wochenspruch der NSDAP">Wochenspruch der NSDAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Armata_Azzurra" title="L'Armata Azzurra">L'Armata Azzurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengasi_(film)" title="Bengasi (film)">Bengasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condottieri_(film)" title="Condottieri (film)">Condottieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Samurai" title="The Daughter of the Samurai">The Daughter of the Samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbkrank" title="Erbkrank">Erbkrank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Appeal" title="The Great Appeal">The Great Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Guard_(1934_film)" title="The Old Guard (1934 film)">The Old Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_(film)" title="Raza (film)">Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus:_The_Defeat_of_Hannibal" title="Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal">Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">Der Sieg des Glaubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_the_Alcazar" title="The Siege of the Alcazar">The Siege of the Alcazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_squadrone_bianco" title="Lo squadrone bianco">Lo squadrone bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allach_(porcelain)" title="Allach (porcelain)">Allach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Third Reich">Art of the Third Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Fascist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Nazism and cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Fasces_and_Corporations" title="Chamber of Fasces and Corporations">Chamber of Fasces and Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Fascism" title="Grand Council of Fascism">Grand Council of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrumvirs" title="Quadrumvirs">Quadrumvirs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Institute" title="Adelaide Institute">Adelaide Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Trade_Union_Federation" title="Agrarian Trade Union Federation">Agrarian Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVlag" title="DeVlag">DeVlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Realm_Union" title="Finnish Realm Union">Finnish Realm Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco_National_Foundation" title="Francisco Franco National Foundation">Francisco Franco National Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_New_Germany" title="Friends of New Germany">Friends of New Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladorossi">Mladorossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Europe" title="National Party of Europe">National Party of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Consciousness" title="National Popular Consciousness">National Popular Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Force_Party" title="Popular Force Party">Popular Force Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic (Slovakia)">Republic (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Records" title="Resistance Records">Resistance Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Organization" title="Russian Fascist Organization">Russian Fascist Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_youth_organizations" title="List of youth organizations">Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_und_Falke" title="Adler und Falke">Adler und Falke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Lictor_Youth" title="Albanian Lictor Youth">Albanian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Lictor_Youth" title="Arab Lictor Youth">Arab Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Blacks" title="Blue-and-Blacks">Blue-and-Blacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Lictor_Youth" title="Ethiopian Lictor Youth">Ethiopian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Union_of_Youth" title="Fascist Union of Youth">Fascist Union of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Juventudes" title="Frente de Juventudes">Frente de Juventudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Futuwwa_(Palestine)" title="Al-Futuwwa (Palestine)">Al-Futuwwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Italiana_del_Littorio" title="Gioventù Italiana del Littorio">Gioventù Italiana del Littorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Beauty_Society" title="Faith and Beauty Society">Faith and Beauty Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungm%C3%A4delbund" title="Jungmädelbund">Jungmädelbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juventudes_de_Acci%C3%B3n_Popular" title="Juventudes de Acción Popular">Juventudes de Acción Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocidade_Portuguesa" title="Mocidade Portuguesa">Mocidade Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Jeugdstorm" title="Nationale Jeugdstorm">Nationale Jeugdstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth" title="National Youth">National Youth</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_(Italy)" title="National Youth (Italy)">National Youth (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Alliance" title="National Youth Alliance">National Youth Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichisches_Jungvolk" title="Österreichisches Jungvolk">Österreichisches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party#Patriotic/Eureka_Youth_League" title="Australia First Party">Patriotic/Eureka Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Fascist_Little_Ones" title="Union of Fascist Little Ones">Union of Fascist Little Ones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(boys)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(girls)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Youth" title="Ustaše Youth">Ustaše Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_paramilitary" title="Fascist paramilitary">Paramilitary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">terrorist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Organization_of_Russian_Nationalists" title="Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists">Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brigades" title="Black Brigades">Black Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legion_(Usta%C5%A1e_militia)" title="Black Legion (Ustaše militia)">Black Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">Blueshirts (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Nation" title="Confederation of the Nation">Confederation of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpul_Muncitoresc_Legionar" title="Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar">Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugojno_group" title="Bugojno group">Bugojno group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_di_Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Armata" title="Falange Armata">Falange Armata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Militia" title="Falange Militia">Falange Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEAR_(terrorist_group)" title="FEAR (terrorist group)">FEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Guard" title="Flemish Guard">Flemish Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Legion" title="Flemish Legion">Flemish Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbann" title="Frontbann">Frontbann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Gold Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">Hilfspolizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Greenshirts (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirden" title="Hirden">Hirden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Defence_Association" title="Hungarian National Defence Association">Hungarian National Defence Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interbrigades" title="Interbrigades">Interbrigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Wolf_(organization)" title="Iron Wolf (organization)">Iron Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_Organization" title="Jewish Defense Organization">Jewish Defense Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Regulatory_Forces" title="Kataeb Regulatory Forces">Kataeb Regulatory Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_Wasa" title="Legion Wasa">Legion Wasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Blanca" title="Mano Blanca">Mano Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Guard_(Italy)" title="National Republican Guard (Italy)">National Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guard" title="New Guard">New Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostm%C3%A4rkische_Sturmscharen" title="Ostmärkische Sturmscharen">Ostmärkische Sturmscharen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodobrana" title="Rodobrana">Rodobrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">Russian National Unity (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">S14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicarii_(1989)" title="Sicarii (1989)">Sicarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetendeutsches_Freikorps" title="Sudetendeutsches Freikorps">Sudetendeutsches Freikorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Against_Terror" title="Terror Against Terror">Terror Against Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Militsiya" title="Ukrainian People's Militsiya">Ukrainian People's Militsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaše Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssport" title="Volkssport">Volkssport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Guard" title="Walloon Guard">Walloon Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">Walloon Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusich_Group" title="Rusich Group">Rusich Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weerbaarheidsafdeling" title="Weerbaarheidsafdeling">Weerbaarheidsafdeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">Werwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_New_Post" title="Westland New Post">Westland New Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanguardia_Giovanile_Fascista" title="Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista">Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Estudiantes_Sindicalistas" title="Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas">Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Student_Union" title="German Student Union">German Student Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">National Socialist German Students' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindicato_Espa%C3%B1ol_Universitario" title="Sindicato Español Universitario">Sindicato Español Universitario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODESSA" title="ODESSA">ODESSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide#Link_between_the_Herero_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Herero and Nama genocide">Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arditi" title="Arditi">Arditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio" title="Fascio">Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Armenian genocide and the Holocaust">Armenian genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_incident" title="Corfu incident">Corfu incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acerbo_Law" title="Acerbo Law">Acerbo Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_battles" title="Italian economic battles">Italian economic battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 May 1926 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide_(1929%E2%80%931934)" title="Libyan genocide (1929–1934)">Libyan genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Iron_Will" title="March of the Iron Will">March of the Iron Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">November 1932 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election">March 1933 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Putsch" title="July Putsch">July Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">1934 Montreux Fascist conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">Nazi crimes against the Polish nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">End in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Tokyo Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_by_or_about_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books by or about Adolf Hitler">Books about Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country" title="List of fascist movements by country">Fascist movements by country</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of fascist movements by country A–F">A-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of fascist movements by country G–M">G-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_N%E2%80%93T" title="List of fascist movements by country N–T">N-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_U%E2%80%93Z" title="List of fascist movements by country U–Z">U-Z</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Nazi leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_Italian_fascist_parties" title="List of secretaries of Italian fascist parties">Secretaries of Italian fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches by Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain#Francoism" title="Francoist Spain">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Conservative Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">Fascist (epithet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Fascist mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-scale_(personality_test)" title="F-scale (personality test)">F-scale (personality test)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions" title="Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions">of Poles during the Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italianization_of_South_Tyrol" title="Italianization of South Tyrol">of South Tyrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">Japanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenazi" title="Morenazi">Morenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para/semi-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-fascism" title="Post-fascism">Post-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-fascism" title="Proto-fascism">Proto-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green%E2%80%93brown_alliance" title="Red–green–brown alliance">Red–green–brown alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansepolcrismo" title="Sansepolcrismo">Sansepolcrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">Synarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeged_Idea" title="Szeged Idea">Szeged Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women in Nazi Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fascism" title="Category:Fascism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chancellors_of_Germany_(since_1867)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chancellors_of_Germany" title="Template:Chancellors of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chancellors_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Chancellors of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chancellors of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chancellors_of_Germany_(since_1867)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellors of Germany (since 1867)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Bundeskanzler (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1867%E2%80%931918).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Reichskanzler (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_von_Caprivi" title="Leo von Caprivi">Leo von Caprivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlodwig,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" title="Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst">Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Bernhard von Bülow">Bernhard von Bülow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Michaelis" title="Georg Michaelis">Georg Michaelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Hertling" title="Georg von Hertling">Georg von Hertling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Maximilian_of_Baden" title="Prince Maximilian of Baden">Prince Maximilian of Baden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Reichskanzler (1919–1933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Scheidemann" title="Philipp Scheidemann">Philipp Scheidemann</a> (as Ministerpräsident)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Bauer" title="Gustav Bauer">Gustav Bauer</a> (as Ministerpräsident, later Chancellor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller_(politician,_born_1876)" title="Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)">Hermann Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Fehrenbach" title="Constantin Fehrenbach">Constantin Fehrenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Cuno" title="Wilhelm Cuno">Wilhelm Cuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marx" title="Wilhelm Marx">Wilhelm Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Luther" title="Hans Luther">Hans Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marx" title="Wilhelm Marx">Wilhelm Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%BCller_(politician,_born_1876)" title="Hermann Müller (politician, born 1876)">Hermann Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Br%C3%BCning" title="Heinrich Brüning">Heinrich Brüning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schleicher" title="Kurt von Schleicher">Kurt von Schleicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1933%E2%80%931935).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany_(1935%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Reichskanzler (1933–1945)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Count Schwerin von Krosigk</a> (as Leading Minister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Bundeskanzler (1949–present)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (CDU, 1949–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a> (CDU, 1963–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Georg_Kiesinger" title="Kurt Georg Kiesinger">Kurt Georg Kiesinger</a> (CDU, 1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (SPD, 1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Helmut Schmidt</a> (SPD, 1974–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> (CDU, 1982–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> (SPD, 1998–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (CDU, 2005–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (SPD, 2021–present)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_Germany" title="List of chancellors of Germany">List of chancellors</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hitler_Cabinet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hitler%27s_Cabinet" title="Template:Hitler's Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hitler%27s_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Hitler's Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hitler%27s_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hitler's Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hitler_Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hitler_cabinet" title="Hitler cabinet">Members of the Hitler Cabinet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Vice-Chancellor of Germany">Vice-Chancellor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a></li> <li>Deputy Führer: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Reichstag" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Reichstag">President of the Reichstag</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:60em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Armaments_and_War_Production" title="Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production">Armaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aviation_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)">Aviation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Church Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Kerrl" title="Hanns Kerrl">Hanns Kerrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muhs" title="Hermann Muhs">Hermann Muhs</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Eastern Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schmitt" title="Kurt Schmitt">Kurt Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Ministry of Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture">Food and Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Backe" title="Herbert Backe">Herbert Backe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Foreign Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Justice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_G%C3%BCrtner" title="Franz Gürtner">Franz Gürtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schlegelberger" title="Franz Schlegelberger">Franz Schlegelberger</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Georg_Thierack" title="Otto Georg Thierack">Otto Georg Thierack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:60em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Franz Seldte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Postal Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiherr_von_Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach" title="Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach">Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ohnesorge" title="Wilhelm Ohnesorge">Wilhelm Ohnesorge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Propaganda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Goebbels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Reichswehr" title="Ministry of the Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Transport" title="Reich Ministry of Transport">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Freiherr_von_Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach" title="Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach">Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Dorpm%C3%BCller" title="Julius Dorpmüller">Julius Dorpmüller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">Reichsministers without portfolio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Hierl" title="Konstantin Hierl">Konstantin Hierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Kerrl" title="Hanns Kerrl">Hanns Kerrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Hans Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;">Members granted rank & authority equivalent to a Reichsminister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Brauchitsch" title="Walther von Brauchitsch">Walther von Brauchitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Meissner" title="Otto Meissner">Otto Meissner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsführer SS">Reichsführer SS</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabschef_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabschef SA">Stabschef SA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Final_occupants_of_the_FührerbunkerCategory:Articles_containing_German-language_text_by_date_of_departure_(1945)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Final_occupants_of_the_F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Template:Final occupants of the Führerbunker"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Final_occupants_of_the_F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Template talk:Final occupants of the Führerbunker"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Final_occupants_of_the_F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Final occupants of the Führerbunker"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Final_occupants_of_the_FührerbunkerCategory:Articles_containing_German-language_text_by_date_of_departure_(1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Final occupants of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerbunker" title="Führerbunker">Führerbunker</a> by date of departure (1945)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Jesko_von_Puttkamer" title="Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer">Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">22 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blaschke" title="Hugo Blaschke">Hugo Blaschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gebhardt" title="Karl Gebhardt">Karl Gebhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Schroeder" title="Christa Schroeder">Christa Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Wolf" title="Johanna Wolf">Johanna Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckhard_Christian" title="Eckhard Christian">Eckhard Christian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">23 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bormann" title="Albert Bormann">Albert Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schaub" title="Julius Schaub">Julius Schaub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">24 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Frentz" title="Walter Frentz">Walter Frentz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">28 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ritter_von_Greim" title="Robert Ritter von Greim">Robert Ritter von Greim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Reitsch" title="Hanna Reitsch">Hanna Reitsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">29 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Freytag_von_Loringhoven" title="Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven">Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Boldt" title="Gerhard Boldt">Gerhard Boldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Weiss" title="Rudolf Weiss">Rudolf Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Zander" title="Wilhelm Zander">Wilhelm Zander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Lorenz" title="Heinz Lorenz">Heinz Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Johannmeyer" title="Willy Johannmeyer">Willy Johannmeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wagner_(notary)" title="Walter Wagner (notary)">Walter Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30 April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_von_Below" title="Nicolaus von Below">Nicolaus von Below</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1 May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Mohnke" title="Wilhelm Mohnke">Wilhelm Mohnke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traudl_Junge" title="Traudl Junge">Traudl Junge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Christian" title="Gerda Christian">Gerda Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constanze_Manziarly" title="Constanze Manziarly">Constanze Manziarly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Else Krüger">Else Krüger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_G%C3%BCnsche" title="Otto Günsche">Otto Günsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Hewel" title="Walther Hewel">Walther Hewel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst-G%C3%BCnther_Schenck" title="Ernst-Günther Schenck">Ernst-Günther Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Erich_Voss" title="Hans-Erich Voss">Hans-Erich Voss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rattenhuber" title="Johann Rattenhuber">Johann Rattenhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H%C3%B6gl" title="Peter Högl">Peter Högl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Naumann" title="Werner Naumann">Werner Naumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Baur" title="Hans Baur">Hans Baur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Stumpfegger" title="Ludwig Stumpfegger">Ludwig Stumpfegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Betz" title="Georg Betz">Georg Betz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Linge" title="Heinz Linge">Heinz Linge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Kempka" title="Erich Kempka">Erich Kempka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Doose" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Doose">Heinrich Doose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Schw%C3%A4germann" title="Günther Schwägermann">Günther Schwägermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewald_Lindloff" title="Ewald Lindloff">Ewald Lindloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Reisser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Reisser">Hans Reisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armin_D._Lehmann" title="Armin D. Lehmann">Armin D. Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ochs" title="Josef Ochs">Josef Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Kr%C3%BCger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz Krüger">Heinz Krüger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Schwiedel" class="mw-redirect" title="Werner Schwiedel">Werner Schwiedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schach" title="Gerhard Schach">Gerhard Schach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fritzsche" title="Hans Fritzsche">Hans Fritzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Blaschke#Life" title="Hugo Blaschke">Käthe Heusermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2 May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helmuth_Weidling" title="Helmuth Weidling">Helmuth Weidling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Refior" title="Hans Refior">Hans Refior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_von_Dufving" title="Theodor von Dufving">Theodor von Dufving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Knappe" title="Siegfried Knappe">Siegfried Knappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochus_Misch" title="Rochus Misch">Rochus Misch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Still present on 2 May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Haase" title="Werner Haase">Werner Haase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Flegel" title="Erna Flegel">Erna Flegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kunz" title="Helmut Kunz">Helmut Kunz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Tornow" title="Fritz Tornow">Fritz Tornow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Flegel#Biography" title="Erna Flegel">Liselotte Chervinska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children#Helmut_Christian" title="Goebbels children">Johanna Ruf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hentschel" title="Johannes Hentschel">Johannes Hentschel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Committed suicide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Robert_Grawitz" title="Ernst-Robert Grawitz">Ernst-Robert Grawitz</a> (24 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (30 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Braun" title="Eva Braun">Eva Hitler</a> (née Braun, 30 April)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Goebbels</a> (1 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magda_Goebbels" title="Magda Goebbels">Magda Goebbels</a> (1 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin-Broder_Albrecht" title="Alwin-Broder Albrecht">Alwin-Broder Albrecht</a> (1 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Burgdorf" title="Wilhelm Burgdorf">Wilhelm Burgdorf</a> (2 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(Wehrmacht_general)" title="Hans Krebs (Wehrmacht general)">Hans Krebs</a> (2 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Sch%C3%A4dle" title="Franz Schädle">Franz Schädle</a> (2 May)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Fegelein" title="Hermann Fegelein">Hermann Fegelein</a> (executed for desertion, 28 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondi" title="Blondi">Blondi</a> (Hitler's dog, poisoned 29 April)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goebbels_children" title="Goebbels children">Goebbels children</a> (poisoned 1 May)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(Gestapo)" title="Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)">Heinrich Müller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazi_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NSDAP" title="Template:NSDAP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NSDAP" title="Template talk:NSDAP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NSDAP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NSDAP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazi_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Leader</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Anton Drexler</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1921–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> (1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Adolf Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_House,_Munich" title="Brown House, Munich">Brown House, Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Workers%27_Party" title="German Workers' Party">German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6hm_scandal" title="Röhm scandal">Röhm scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amt_Rosenberg" title="Amt Rosenberg">Amt Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Chancellery" title="Hitler's Chancellery">Hitler's Chancellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party_Chancellery" title="Nazi Party Chancellery">Nazi Party Chancellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">Office of Colonial Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Military_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Military Policy">Office of Military Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party_Office_of_Racial_Policy" title="Nazi Party Office of Racial Policy">Office of Racial Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs">Office of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">SS Education Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innviertler_Heimatblatt" title="Innviertler Heimatblatt">Innviertler Heimatblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitertum" title="Arbeitertum">Arbeitertum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerb%C3%A4r" title="Panzerbär">Panzerbär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfverlag" title="Kampfverlag">Kampfverlag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Notable members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Axmann" title="Artur Axmann">Artur Axmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Houston Stewart Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Kurt Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diels" title="Rudolf Diels">Rudolf Diels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Dietrich Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Freisler" title="Roland Freisler">Roland Freisler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Hanfstaengl" title="Ernst Hanfstaengl">Ernst Hanfstaengl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6ss" title="Rudolf Höss">Rudolf Höss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Mengele" title="Josef Mengele">Josef Mengele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Gregor Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Otto Strasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front" title="Black Front">Black Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a>) / <a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler_Schools" title="Adolf Hitler Schools">Adolf Hitler Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Documentation_Centre_for_the_History_of_National_Socialism" title="Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism">Munich Documentation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Political_Institutes_of_Education" title="National Political Institutes of Education">National Political Institutes of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_songs" title="Nazi songs">Nazi songs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party">Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_branch_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Samoan branch of the Nazi Party">Samoan branch of the Nazi Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41749#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41749#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121318198">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49226219">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/42683/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqbph6HXmkDGPFYyVfH4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118540041">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79106293">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905264v">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905264v">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441106">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV033083">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35129689">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000601935&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX950021">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/237450">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068449410">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90083551">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000086554&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000171770&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000292821">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=102457">Greece</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=68812">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201716452">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/xv8bbfqg4m8mf7z">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810582429005606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/157768">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261861905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000104552">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512786706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14119350">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01675920?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d99b03a4-fa7d-4a17-af50-b0d195d28f92">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/835366">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118540041.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118540041">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026895455">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581183">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61j980c">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=25529">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&oldid=1260854518">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&oldid=1260854518</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joseph_Goebbels" title="Category:Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1897_births" title="Category:1897 births">1897 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_suicides" title="Category:1945 suicides">1945 suicides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_deaths" title="Category:1945 deaths">1945 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_chancellors_of_Germany" title="Category:20th-century chancellors of Germany">20th-century chancellors of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_diarists" title="Category:20th-century German diarists">20th-century German diarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_philologists" title="Category:20th-century philologists">20th-century philologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adolf_Hitler" title="Category:Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Antisemitism_in_Germany" title="Category:Antisemitism in Germany">Antisemitism in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filicides_in_Germany" title="Category:Filicides in Germany">Filicides in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gauleiters" title="Category:Gauleiters">Gauleiters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_anti-capitalists" title="Category:German anti-capitalists">German anti-capitalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_anti-communists" title="Category:German anti-communists">German anti-communists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_conspiracy_theorists" title="Category:German conspiracy theorists">German conspiracy theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_mass_murderers" title="Category:German mass murderers">German mass murderers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_murderers_of_children" title="Category:German murderers of children">German murderers of children</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_nationalists" title="Category:German nationalists">German nationalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_philologists" title="Category:German philologists">German philologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_politicians_who_died_by_suicide" title="Category:German politicians who died by suicide">German politicians who died by suicide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_people_of_Dutch_descent" title="Category:German people of Dutch descent">German people of Dutch descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_people_of_World_War_II" title="Category:German people of World War II">German people of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_propagandists" title="Category:German propagandists">German propagandists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Goebbels_family" title="Category:Goebbels family">Goebbels family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_ministers_with_disabilities" title="Category:Government ministers with disabilities">Government ministers with disabilities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_politicians_with_disabilities" title="Category:German politicians with disabilities">German politicians with disabilities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heidelberg_University_alumni" title="Category:Heidelberg University alumni">Heidelberg University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_perpetrators" title="Category:Holocaust perpetrators">Holocaust perpetrators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Joint_suicides_by_Nazis" title="Category:Joint suicides by Nazis">Joint suicides by Nazis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kirchenkampf" title="Category:Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Academy_for_German_Law" title="Category:Members of the Academy for German Law">Members of the Academy for German Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1930%E2%80%931932" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932">Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1928%E2%80%931930" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1928–1930">Members of the Reichstag 1928–1930</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Murder%E2%80%93suicides_in_Germany" title="Category:Murder–suicides in Germany">Murder–suicides in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Socialist_Working_Association_members" title="Category:National Socialist Working Association members">National Socialist Working Association members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_ministers_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Category:Government ministers of Nazi Germany">Government ministers of Nazi Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_Party_officials" title="Category:Nazi Party officials">Nazi Party officials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_Party_politicians" title="Category:Nazi Party politicians">Nazi Party politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_propagandists" title="Category:Nazi propagandists">Nazi propagandists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis_who_died_by_suicide_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Category:Nazis who died by suicide in Nazi Germany">Nazis who died by suicide in Nazi Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Category:Politicians from Mönchengladbach">Politicians from Mönchengladbach</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_the_Rhine_Province" title="Category:Politicians from the Rhine Province">Politicians from the Rhine Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_Organising_Committees_for_the_Olympic_Games" title="Category:Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games">Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quandt_family" title="Category:Quandt family">Quandt family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reichsleiters" title="Category:Reichsleiters">Reichsleiters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suicides_by_firearm_in_Germany" title="Category:Suicides by firearm in Germany">Suicides by firearm in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Bonn_alumni" title="Category:University of Bonn alumni">University of Bonn alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Freiburg_alumni" title="Category:University of Freiburg alumni">University of Freiburg alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg_alumni" title="Category:University of Würzburg alumni">University of Würzburg alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkssturm_personnel" title="Category:Volkssturm personnel">Volkssturm personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1932" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1932">Members of the Reichstag 1932</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1932%E2%80%931933" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933">Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1933" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1933">Members of the Reichstag 1933</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1933%E2%80%931936" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936">Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1936%E2%80%931938" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938">Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Reichstag_1938%E2%80%931945" title="Category:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945">Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use British English from November 2024">Use British English from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2020">Use dmy dates from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-aft:_%27after%27_parameter_includes_the_word_%27abolished%27" title="Category:S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'">S-aft: 'after' parameter includes the word 'abolished'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 December 2024, at 23:27 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Goebbels&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-8r4nc","wgBackendResponseTime":219,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.809","walltime":"4.418","ppvisitednodes":{"value":42753,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":736547,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":56438,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":383189,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3665.556 1 -total"," 27.33% 1001.697 332 Template:Sfn"," 19.35% 709.362 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 16.40% 601.165 12 Template:Navbox"," 14.69% 538.566 1 Template:Nazism"," 12.63% 463.018 8 Template:Excerpt"," 9.68% 354.950 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 7.51% 275.350 38 Template:Cite_book"," 5.85% 214.309 43 Template:Lang"," 5.46% 200.232 370 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.298","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25896287,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdam2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalfour1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeevor2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernhard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBramsted1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullock1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBundesarchiv\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarsten1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDer_Spiegel1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDollinger1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFest2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoebbels1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoebbels1927\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoebbels1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoebbels1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunther1940\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHale1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeiber1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerf2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHull1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoachimsthaler1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKater1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershaw2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLIFE_Magazine1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongerich2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongerich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongerich2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLow1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMI5,_Hitler\u0026#039;s_Last_Days\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManvellFraenkel2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerSchulz2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMisch2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoeller2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMollo1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_York_Times,_8_April_1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrlow1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRead2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReesKershaw2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReichstag_databank\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimann1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRentschler1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuth1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShirer1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiemens2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnell1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStachura2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThacker2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Telegraph2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVinogradov2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhealey1998\"] = 1,\n [\"Schriftleitergesetz\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Chancellors of Germany\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 7,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Goebbels, Joseph\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 9,\n [\"Fascism\"] = 1,\n [\"Final occupants of the Führerbunker\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 4,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"Hitler's Cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Joseph Goebbels series\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NSDAP\"] = 1,\n [\"Nazism\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Note\"] = 1,\n [\"Notes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"PM20\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref label\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"ReichstagDB\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 7,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 6,\n [\"S-break\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-mil\"] = 1,\n [\"S-non\"] = 3,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-sports\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 8,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 332,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisource author\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","520","20.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","17.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","300","11.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","260","10.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","3.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","2.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::test","40","1.6"],["[others]","420","16.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-9spln","timestamp":"20241204013951","ttl":2413216,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Joseph Goebbels","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Goebbels","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41749","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41749","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-21T21:45:26Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/35\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1968-101-20A%2C_Joseph_Goebbels.jpg","headline":"Nazi politician and Propaganda Minister (1897\u20131945)"}</script> </body> </html>