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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pratélaning isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">lih menyang wilah sisih</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dhelikaké</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Wiwitan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Peran biologis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Peran biologis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peran_ing_biosfer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_ing_biosfer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Peran ing biosfer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_ing_biosfer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_minangka_bahan_bakar_lan_nutrisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_minangka_bahan_bakar_lan_nutrisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Peran minangka bahan bakar lan nutrisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_minangka_bahan_bakar_lan_nutrisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_minangka_cadhangan_ènergi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_minangka_cadhangan_ènergi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Peran minangka cadhangan ènergi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_minangka_cadhangan_ènergi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_minangka_materi_pambangun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_minangka_materi_pambangun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Peran minangka materi pambangun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_minangka_materi_pambangun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Réferènsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Réferènsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Réferènsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Réferènsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_njaba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_njaba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala njaba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_njaba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Pratélaning isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karbohidrat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ngalih menyang artikel jroning basa liya. Ana 134 basa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 basa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolhidraat" title="Koolhidraat – Afrika" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koolhidraat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenhydrate" title="Kohlenhydrate – Jerman Swiss" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kohlenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Swiss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrato_de_carbonio" title="Hidrato de carbonio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hidrato de carbonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سكريات – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="শৰ্কৰা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শৰ্কৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcidu" title="Glúcidu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Glúcidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidratlar" title="Karbohidratlar – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karbohidratlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کاربوهیدرات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاربوهیدرات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводтар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Углеводтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97ond%C4%97n%C4%93" title="Onglėondėnē – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėondėnē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вугляводы – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вугляводы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Вугляводы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вугляводы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Въглехидрат – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въглехидрат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="শর্করা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শর্করা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati – Bosnia lan Hercegovina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ugljikohidrati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia lan Hercegovina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нүүрһэн уһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нүүрһэн уһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcid" title="Glúcid – Katala" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Glúcid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کاربۆھیدرات – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاربۆھیدرات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacharidy" title="Sacharidy – Ceska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sacharidy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrad" title="Carbohydrad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Carbohydrad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulhydrat" title="Kulhydrat – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kulhydrat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohlenhydrate" title="Kohlenhydrate – Jérman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kohlenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jérman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%93%DE%B0" title="ކާބޯހައިޑްރޭޓް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކާބޯހައިޑްރޭޓް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Υδατάνθρακες – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδατάνθρακες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhidrato" title="Karbonhidrato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karbonhidrato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcido" title="Glúcido – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Glúcido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahhariidid" title="Sahhariidid – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sahhariidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbono_hidrato" title="Karbono hidrato – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karbono hidrato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BAcidu" title="Glúcidu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Glúcidu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کربوهیدرات – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کربوهیدرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiilihydraatti" title="Hiilihydraatti – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hiilihydraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucide" title="Glucide – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Glucide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6lh%C3%BCdraaten" title="Köölhüdraaten – Frisian Lor Segara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Köölhüdraaten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Lor Segara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koalhydraat" title="Koalhydraat – Frisia Sisih Kulon" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koalhydraat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Sisih Kulon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbaihiodr%C3%A1it" title="Carbaihiodráit – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Carbaihiodráit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gualuisg" title="Gualuisg – Gaulia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gualuisg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaulia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohidrato" title="Carbohidrato – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פחמימה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פחמימה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – India" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="India" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljikohidrati" title="Ugljikohidrati – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ugljikohidrati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabonidrat" title="Kabonidrat – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kabonidrat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9nhidr%C3%A1t" title="Szénhidrát – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szénhidrát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ածխաջուր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածխաջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrato" title="Carbohydrato – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carbohydrato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohidrate" title="Carbohidrate – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Carbohidrate" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykra" title="Sykra – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sykra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucidi" title="Glucidi – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Glucidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="炭水化物 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭水化物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნახშირწყლები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნახშირწყლები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Көмірсулар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көмірсулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋಹೈಡ್ರೇಟುಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಬೋಹೈಡ್ರೇಟುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="탄수화물 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄수화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربوہایڈریٹ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کاربوہایڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karboh%C3%AEdrat" title="Karbohîdrat – Kurdis" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karbohîdrat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83" title="Көмүрсуу – Kirgis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көмүрсуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratum" title="Carbohydratum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbohydratum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuelenhydrat" title="Kuelenhydrat – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuelenhydrat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuidraa" title="Carbuidraa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carbuidraa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ກະລູຊິດ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກະລູຊິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliavandeniai" title="Angliavandeniai – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Angliavandeniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Og%C4%BChidr%C4%81ti" title="Ogļhidrāti – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogļhidrāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliosida" title="Gliosida – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gliosida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јаглехидрат – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаглехидрат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="കാർബോഹൈഡ്രേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാർബോഹൈഡ്രേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81_%D1%83%D1%81" title="Нүүрс ус – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүүрс ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဘိုဟိုက်ဒရိတ် – Myanmar" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဘိုဟိုက်ဒရိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Myanmar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lenhydrate" title="Kölenhydrate – Jerman Non Standar" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kölenhydrate" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Non Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्बोहाइड्रेट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolhydraten" title="Koolhydraten – Walanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koolhydraten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Walanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohydrat" title="Karbohydrat – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohydrat" title="Karbohydrat – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucid" title="Glucid – Ossitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Glucid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ossitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarboohayidireeti" title="Kaarboohayidireeti – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaarboohayidireeti" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ଶ୍ୱେତସାର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶ୍ୱେତସାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B4%C3%A6%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æвзалыдæттæ – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвзалыдæттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F" title="ਕਾਰਬੋਹਾਈਡਰੇਟ – Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਬੋਹਾਈਡਰੇਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glowodany" title="Węglowodany – Polandia" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Węglowodany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربوہائیڈریٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربوہائیڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%89%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%BC" title="کاربوهایډرېټ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاربوهایډرېټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboidrato" title="Carboidrato – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carboidrato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27illimsayaku" title="K'illimsayaku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'illimsayaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucid%C4%83" title="Glucidă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Glucidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Углеводы – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Углеводы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Угльоводы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Угльоводы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Углевод – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Углевод" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4" title="ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbuidrati" title="Carbuidrati – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carbuidrati" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD" title="ڪاربوهائيڊريٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاربوهائيڊريٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugljeni_hidrati" title="Ugljeni hidrati – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ugljeni hidrati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7" title="කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාබෝහයිඩ්‍රේට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbohydrate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacharid" title="Sacharid – Slowakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sacharid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogljikov_hidrat" title="Ogljikov hidrat – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogljikov hidrat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrates" title="Carbohydrates – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Carbohydrates" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidratet" title="Karbohidratet – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karbohidratet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Угљени хидрат – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Угљени хидрат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karbohidrat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolhydrat" title="Kolhydrat – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolhydrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrati_kabonia" title="Hidrati kabonia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hidrati kabonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="கார்போவைதரேட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்போவைதரேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="పిండి పదార్థాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పిండి పదార్థాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Карбогидратҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карбогидратҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="คาร์โบไฮเดรต – Thailand" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์โบไฮเดรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrata" title="Karbohidrata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karbohidrata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbonhidrat" title="Karbonhidrat – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karbonhidrat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Күмерсулар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күмерсулар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Углеводтар – Tupinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Углеводтар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tupinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вуглеводи – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вуглеводи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کاربو ہائیڈریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاربو ہائیڈریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uglevodlar" title="Uglevodlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uglevodlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboidrati" title="Carboidrati – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carboidrati" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrat" title="Carbohydrat – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carbohydrat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbohidrato" title="Karbohidrato – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karbohidrato" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="糖类 – Tyonghwa Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="糖类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tyonghwa Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ნოშქერწყარეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნოშქერწყარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98" title="קארבאהידראט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארבאהידראט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danqsuijvaqhozvuz" title="Danqsuijvaqhozvuz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Danqsuijvaqhozvuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB" title="糖类 – Tyonghwa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖类" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tyonghwa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%A3%E9%A1%9E" title="醣類 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="醣類" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-ch%C3%BAi-ho%C3%A0-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Thoàⁿ-chúi-hoà-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" 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class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbohydrates" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11358" title="Pranala menyang wiji répositori kang kagayut [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wiji Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Praèn"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Praèn</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">lih menyang wilah sisih</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dhelikaké</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Saka Wikipédia Jawa, bauwarna mardika basa Jawa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="jv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Barkas:Wheat_starch_granules.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wheat_starch_granules.JPG/250px-Wheat_starch_granules.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wheat_starch_granules.JPG/375px-Wheat_starch_granules.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wheat_starch_granules.JPG/500px-Wheat_starch_granules.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Butir-butir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pati_(polisakarida)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pati (polisakarida) (kaca ora ana)">pati</a>, salah siji jinis karbohidrat cadhangan pangan ing <a href="/wiki/Tetuwuhan" title="Tetuwuhan">tetuwuhan</a>, dideleng mawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroskop_cahya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroskop cahya (kaca ora ana)">mikroskop cahya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Karbohidrat</b> ('<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrat (kaca ora ana)">hidrat</a> saka <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>', <b>hidrat areng</b>) utawa <b>sakarida</b> (saka <a href="/wiki/Basa_Yunani" class="mw-redirect" title="Basa Yunani">basa Yunani</a> <i>σάκχαρον</i>, sákcharon, ateges "<a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a>") iku sagolongan gedhé<a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organik (kaca ora ana)">senyawa organik</a> kang paling akèh ing bumi. Karbohidrat duwé manéka fungsi sajeroning awak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makluk_urip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makluk urip (kaca ora ana)">makluk urip</a>, mligi minangka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahan_bakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahan bakar (kaca ora ana)">bahan bakar</a> (upamané <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>), cadhangan pangan (upamané <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pati_(polisakarida)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pati (polisakarida) (kaca ora ana)">pati</a> ing tetuwuhan lan <a href="/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen">glikogen</a> ing kéwan), lan materi pambangun (upamané <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selulosa (kaca ora ana)">selulosa</a> ing tetuwuhan, <a href="/wiki/Kitin" title="Kitin">kitin</a> ing <a href="/wiki/Sato_k%C3%A9wan" title="Sato kéwan">kéwan</a> lan <a href="/wiki/Jamur" class="mw-disambig" title="Jamur">jamur</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ing prosès <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotosintesis">fotosintesis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuwuhan_ijo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuwuhan ijo (kaca ora ana)">tuwuhan ijo</a> ngowahi <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> dadi karbohidrat. </p><p>Sacara <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, karbohidrat iku polihidroksil-aldehida utawa polihidroksil-keton, utawa senyawa kang ngasilaké senyawa-senyawa iki yèn dihidrolisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Lehninger_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehninger-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karbohidrat ngandhut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugus_fungsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugus fungsi (kaca ora ana)">gugus fungsi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonil (kaca ora ana)">karbonil</a> (minangka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldehida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldehida (kaca ora ana)">aldehida</a> utawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keton (kaca ora ana)">keton</a>) lan akèh gugus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidroksil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidroksil (kaca ora ana)">hidroksil</a>. Ing awalé, istilah karbohidrat dipigunakaké kanggo golongan senyawa kang duwé rumus (CH<sub>2</sub>O)<i><sub>n</sub></i>, yaiku senyawa-senyawa kang <i>n</i> atom karboné katon kahidrasi déning <i>n</i> molekul banyu.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sanajan mangkono, ana uga <b>karbohidrat</b> kang ora duwé rumus mangkono lan ana uga kang ngandhut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrog%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrogén (kaca ora ana)">nitrogén</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforus (kaca ora ana)">fosforus</a>, utawa <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lehninger_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehninger-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wujud <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> karbohidrat paling prasaja kasusun saka siji molekul <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a> prasaja kang ingaran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monosakarida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monosakarida (kaca ora ana)">monosakarida</a>, contoné glukosa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaktosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaktosa (kaca ora ana)">galaktosa</a>, lan <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a>. Akèh karbohidrat wujud <a href="/wiki/Polim%C3%A8r" title="Polimèr">polimèr</a> kang kasusun saka molekul gula kang karangké dadi ranté kang dawa sarta bisa uga duwé cawang-cawang, ingaran <a href="/wiki/Polisakarida" title="Polisakarida">polisakarida</a>, contoné pati, kitin, lan selulosa. Saliyané monosakarida lan polisakarida, ana uga disakarida (rerangkèn loro monosakarida) lan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligosakarida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligosakarida (kaca ora ana)">oligosakarida</a> (rangkéyan sapérangan monosakarida). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_biologis">Peran biologis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Besut pérangan: Peran biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran biologis"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peran_ing_biosfer">Peran ing biosfer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Besut pérangan: Peran ing biosfer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran ing biosfer"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a> nyawisaké pangan kanggo mèh kabèh kauripan ing bumi, minangka cara langsung utawa ora langsung. Organisme <a href="/wiki/Autotrof" title="Autotrof">autotrof</a> kaya ta tetuwuhan ijo, <a href="/wiki/Bakt%C3%A8ri" title="Baktèri">baktèri</a>, lan <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a> fotosintetik mupangataké asil fotosintesis kanthi langsung. Sauntara iku, mèh kabèh organisme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterotrof (kaca ora ana)">heterotrof</a>, kalebu <a href="/wiki/Manungsa" title="Manungsa">manungsa</a>, bener-bener gumantung marang organisme autotrof kanggo olèh pangan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ing prosès fotosintesis, karbon dioksida diowahi dadi karbohidrat kang banjur bisa dipigunakaké kanggo nyintesis materi organik liyané. Karbohidrat kang diasilaké déning fotosintesis yaiku gula mawa karbon telu kang dijenengi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gliseraldehida_3-fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gliseraldehida 3-fosfat (kaca ora ana)">gliseraldehida 3-fosfat</a>. Senyawa iki wujud bahan dhasar senyawa-senyawa liya kang dipigunakaké langsung déning organisme autotrof, upamané glukosa, selulosa, lan pathi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peran_minangka_bahan_bakar_lan_nutrisi">Peran minangka bahan bakar lan nutrisi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Besut pérangan: Peran minangka bahan bakar lan nutrisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran minangka bahan bakar lan nutrisi"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Barkas:Potatoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/220px-Potatoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/330px-Potatoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Potatoes.jpg/440px-Potatoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kenthang" title="Kenthang">Kenthang</a> wujud salah siji bahan pangan kang ngandhut akèh karbohidrat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Karbohidrat nyawisaké kabutuhan dhasar kang diperlokaké badan makluk urip. Monosakarida, mligi <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, wujud <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrien">nutrien</a> utama <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sèl (kaca ora ana)">sèl</a>. Contoné, ing <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A8rtebrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vèrtebrata (kaca ora ana)">vèrtebrata</a>, glukosa mili sajeroning ilèning <a href="/wiki/Getih" title="Getih">getih</a> saéngga sumadya kanggo kabèh sèl badan. Sel-sèl badan mau nyerep glukosa lan njupuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga (kaca ora ana)">tenaga</a> kang kasimpen ing sanjeroning molekul mau ing prosès <a href="/w/index.php?title=Respirasi_selular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Respirasi selular (kaca ora ana)">respirasi selular</a> kanggo nglakokaké sèl-sèl badan. Saliyané iku, ragangan karbon monosakarida uga duwé fungsi minangka bahan baku kanggo sintesis jinis molekul organik cilik liyané, kalebu <a href="/wiki/Asem_amino" title="Asem amino">asem amino</a> lan <a href="/wiki/Asem_lemak" title="Asem lemak">asem lemak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minangka <a href="/wiki/Nutrisi" title="Nutrisi">nutrisi</a> kanggo <a href="/wiki/Manungsa" title="Manungsa">manungsa</a>, 1 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a> karbohidrat duwé angka ènergi 4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalori (kaca ora ana)">Kalori</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suhardjo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suhardjo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sajeroning menu pangan wong <a href="/wiki/Asia_Kidul-w%C3%A9tan" title="Asia Kidul-wétan">Asia Kidul-wétan</a> kalebu <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonésia">Indonésia</a>, lumrahé kandhutan karbohidrat cukup dhuwur, yaiku antara 70–80%. Bahan pangan sumber karbohidrat iki contoné pari-parian utawa <a href="/wiki/Serealia" class="mw-redirect" title="Serealia">serealia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gandum" title="Gandum">gandum</a> lan <a href="/wiki/Beras" class="mw-redirect" title="Beras">beras</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbi-umbian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbi-umbian (kaca ora ana)">umbi-umbian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenthang" title="Kenthang">kenthang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singkong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singkong (kaca ora ana)">singkong</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubi_jalar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubi jalar (kaca ora ana)">ubi jalar</a>), lan <a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Gula">gula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sanajan mangkono, daya cerna badan manungsa marang karbohidrat manéka warna gumantung saka sumberé, yaiku variasi antara 90%–98%. <a href="/wiki/Serat" title="Serat">Serat</a> ngurangi daya cerna karbohidrat dadi 85%.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manungsa ora bisa nyerna selulosa saéngga serat selulosa kang dikonsumsi manungsa mung liwat ngliwati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saluran_pancernan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saluran pancernan (kaca ora ana)">saluran pancernan</a> lan metu bareng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feses (kaca ora ana)">feses</a>. Serat-serat selulosa ngikis dinding saluran pancernan lan ngrangsang ngetokaké ilu kang mbantu pangan ngliwati saluran pancernan kanthi lancar saéngga selulosa ingaran minangka pérangan wigati ing menu pangan kang séhat. Conto panganan kang sugih banget serat selulosané yaiku <a href="/wiki/Woh" title="Woh">woh</a>-wohan seger, <a href="/wiki/Janganan" title="Janganan">janganan</a>, lan <a href="/wiki/Wiji" title="Wiji">wiji</a>-wijian.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell69_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell69-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saliyané minangka sumber ènergi, karbohidrat uga duwé fungsi kanggo njaga kaseimbangan asem basa ing njero badan<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Pandhaku iki butuh rujukan marang sumber-sumber sing miyatani.">butuh sitiran</span></a></i>]</sup>, duwé peran wigati ing prosès metabolisme sajeroning badan, lan pambentuk struktur sèl kanthi ngiket protéin lan lemak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peran_minangka_cadhangan_ènergi"><span id="Peran_minangka_cadhangan_.C3.A8nergi"></span>Peran minangka cadhangan ènergi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Besut pérangan: Peran minangka cadhangan ènergi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran minangka cadhangan ènergi"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sapérangan jinis polisakarida duwé fungsi minangka materi simpenan utawa cadhangan, kang mengkoné bakal di<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrolisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrolisis (kaca ora ana)">hidrolisis</a> kanggo nyawisaké gula kanggo sèl nalika diperlokaké. <a href="/wiki/Pathi" title="Pathi">Pathi</a> wujud sawijining polisakarida simpenan ing tetuwuhan. Tetuwuhan numpuk pathi minangka granul utawa butiran ing sanjeroning <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organel</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastid (kaca ora ana)">plastid</a>, kalebu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kloroplas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kloroplas (kaca ora ana)">kloroplas</a>. Kanthi nyintesis pathi, tetuwuhan bisa numpuk lan nyimpen kaluwihan <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>. Glukosa wujud bahan bakar sèl kang utama, saéngga pathi wujud ènergi cadhangan.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell67_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell67-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauntara iku, kéwan nyimpen polisakarida kang ingaran <a href="/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen">glikogen</a>. Manungsa lan vèrtebrata liyané nyimpen glikogen mligi sajeroning sèl <a href="/wiki/Ati" title="Ati">ati</a> lan <a href="/wiki/Otot" title="Otot">otot</a>. Panguraian glikogen ing sèl-sèl iki bakal ngeculaké glukosa nalika kabutuhan gula mundhak. Sanajan mangkono, glikogen ora bisa diandhelaké minangka sumber ènergi kéwan kanggo jangka wektu kang suwé. Glikogen simpenan bakal kakuras entèk mung ing wektu sadina kajaba yèn dipulihaké manèh kanthi ngonsumsi pangan.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell67_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell67-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peran_minangka_materi_pambangun">Peran minangka materi pambangun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Besut pérangan: Peran minangka materi pambangun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran minangka materi pambangun"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Organisme yasa materi-materi kuwat saka polisakarida struktural. Contoné, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selulosa (kaca ora ana)">selulosa</a> yaiku komponèn utama <a href="/wiki/Dinding_s%C3%A8l" title="Dinding sèl">dinding sèl</a> tetuwuhan. Selulosa asifat kaya srabut, alot, ora larut ing air, lan tinemu mligi ing gagang, batang, pang, lan kabèh pérangan ngandhut kayu saka jaringan tetuwuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">Kayu</a> mligi kagawé saka selulosa lan senyawa polimer liya, contoné <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiselulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiselulosa (kaca ora ana)">hemiselulosa</a> lan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pektin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pektin (kaca ora ana)">pektin</a>. Sauntara iku, <a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">kapas</a> kagawé mèh kabèh saka selulosa. </p><p>Polisakarida struktural wigati liyané yaiku <a href="/wiki/Kitin" title="Kitin">kitin</a>, karbohidrat kang nyusun ragangan njaba (eksoskeleton) <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" title="Arthropoda">arthropoda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gegremet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gegremet">gegremet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angga-angga" class="mw-redirect" title="Angga-angga">angga-angga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacea">crustacea</a>, lan kéwan-kéwan liya sajinis). Kitin murni mèmper kaya kulit, nanging bakal saya atos nalika dilapisi <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbonat" title="Kalsium karbonat">kalsium karbonat</a>. Kitin uga tinemu ing dinding sèl minangka jinis <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">fungi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell69_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell69-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sauntara iku, dinding sèl <a href="/wiki/Bakt%C3%A8ri" title="Baktèri">baktèri</a> kagawé saka struktur gabungan karbohidrat polisakarida kanthi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peptida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peptida (kaca ora ana)">peptida</a>, ingaran <a href="/wiki/Peptidoglikan" title="Peptidoglikan">peptidoglikan</a>. Dinding sèl iki minangka sawijining kulit kaku lan duwé pori mbungkus sèl kang mènèhi perlindungan fisik kanggo <a href="/wiki/Membran_s%C3%A8l" class="mw-redirect" title="Membran sèl">membran sèl</a> kang empuk lan <a href="/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma">sitoplasma</a> sajeroning sèl.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Réferènsi"><span id="R.C3.A9fer.C3.A8nsi"></span>Réferènsi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Besut pérangan: Réferènsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Réferènsi"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1601601">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampbellReece,_J.B.;_Mitchell,_L.G.2002" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, N.A.; Reece, J.B.; Mitchell, L.G. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=dwjGlYV4t8gC&pg=PA65&vq=karbohidrat&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0"><i>Biologi</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Didhigitalisasi déning Google Panlusuran Buku)</span> (édhisi ka-Edisi kaping 5, Jilid 1, diterjemahaké déning R. Lestari dkk.). Jakarta: Erlangga. kc. hlm. 65–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirunggan:Sumber_buku/9796884682,_9789796884681" title="Mirunggan:Sumber buku/9796884682, 9789796884681"><bdi>9796884682, 9789796884681</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dibukak ing <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biologi&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=hlm.+65-70&rft.edition=Edisi+kaping+5%2C+Jilid+1%2C+diterjemahak%C3%A9+d%C3%A9ning+R.+Lestari+dkk.&rft.pub=Erlangga&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=N.A.&rft.au=Reece%2C+J.B.%3B+Mitchell%2C+L.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwjGlYV4t8gC%26pg%3DPA65%26vq%3Dkarbohidrat%26source%3Dgbs_search_s%26cad%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fjv.wikipedia.org%3AKarbohidrat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Cithakan:Cite_book" title="Cithakan:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|isbn=</code> value: invalid character (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbn" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">pitulung</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehninger-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Lehninger_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehninger_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1601601"><cite id="CITEREFLehninger1997" class="citation book cs1">Lehninger, A.L. (1997). <i>Dasar-dhasar Biokimia</i> (édhisi ka-Jilid 1, diterjemahaké déning M. Thenawidjaja). Jakarta: Erlangga. kc. hlm. 313.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dasar-dhasar+Biokimia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=hlm.+313&rft.edition=Jilid+1%2C+diterjemahak%C3%A9+d%C3%A9ning+M.+Thenawidjaja&rft.pub=Erlangga&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Lehninger&rft.aufirst=A.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fjv.wikipedia.org%3AKarbohidrat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Schaum_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1601601"><cite id="CITEREFKuchelRalston,_G.B.2006" class="citation book cs1">Kuchel, P.; Ralston, G.B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=KNYYSNIXcTsC&pg=PA1&vq=karbohidrat&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1"><i>Schaum's Easy Outlines: Biokimia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Didhigitalisasi déning Google Panlusuran Buku)</span> (édhisi ka-diterjemahaké déning E. Laelasari). Jakarta: Erlangga. kc. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirunggan:Sumber_buku/9797812405,_9789797812409" title="Mirunggan:Sumber buku/9797812405, 9789797812409"><bdi>9797812405, 9789797812409</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dibukak ing <span class="nowrap">2009-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schaum%27s+Easy+Outlines%3A+Biokimia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=hlm.+1&rft.edition=diterjemahak%C3%A9+d%C3%A9ning+E.+Laelasari&rft.pub=Erlangga&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kuchel&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Ralston%2C+G.B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKNYYSNIXcTsC%26pg%3DPA1%26vq%3Dkarbohidrat%26source%3Dgbs_search_r%26cad%3D1_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fjv.wikipedia.org%3AKarbohidrat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Cithakan:Cite_book" title="Cithakan:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|isbn=</code> value: invalid character (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbn" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">pitulung</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell <i>et al</i>. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=dwjGlYV4t8gC&pg=PA181&vq=fotosintesis&hl=en&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0">hlm. 181-182</a>. Diaksès tanggal 1 Fèbruari 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suhardjo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Suhardjo_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1601601"><cite id="CITEREFSuhardjoKusharto,_C.M.1992" class="citation book cs1">Suhardjo; Kusharto, C.M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=OJOKmjPHvnoC&pg=PA5&vq=karbohidrat&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0"><i>Prinsip-prinsip Ilmu Gizi</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Didhigitalisasi déning Google Panlusuran Buku)</span>. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. kc. hlm. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Mirunggan:Sumber_buku/9794137650,_9789794137659" title="Mirunggan:Sumber buku/9794137650, 9789794137659"><bdi>9794137650, 9789794137659</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dibukak ing <span class="nowrap">2009-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prinsip-prinsip+Ilmu+Gizi&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pages=hlm.+5&rft.pub=Kanisius&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Suhardjo&rft.au=Kusharto%2C+C.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOJOKmjPHvnoC%26pg%3DPA5%26vq%3Dkarbohidrat%26source%3Dgbs_search_s%26cad%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fjv.wikipedia.org%3AKarbohidrat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Cithakan:Cite_book" title="Cithakan:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|isbn=</code> value: invalid character (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_isbn" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">pitulung</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suhardjo & Kusharto (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=OJOKmjPHvnoC&pg=PA19&vq=karbohidrat&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0">hlm. 19–20</a>. Diaksès tanggal 2 Fèbruari 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suhardjo & Kusharto (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=OJOKmjPHvnoC&pg=PA101&vq=karbohidrat&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0">hlm. 101</a>. Diaksès tanggal 2 Fèbruari 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell69-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell69_8-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell69_8-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell <i>et al</i>. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=dwjGlYV4t8gC&pg=PA69">hlm. 69</a>. Diaksès tanggal 2 Fèbruari 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell67-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell67_9-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell67_9-1"><sup>b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell <i>et al</i>. (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.id/books?id=dwjGlYV4t8gC&pg=PA67">hlm. 67–68</a>. Diaksès tanggal 5 Fèbruari 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehninger (1997), kaca. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehninger (1997), kaca 329–330.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_njaba">Pranala njaba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Besut pérangan: Pranala njaba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>besut</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbohidrat&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala njaba"><span>besut sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons duwé médhia ngenani <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carbohydrates" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Carbohydrates">Karbohidrat</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kimia_panganan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1601613">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Cita_rasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cita rasa (kaca ora ana)">Cita rasa</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Enzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzim">Enzim</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karbohidrat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipid (kaca ora ana)">Lipid</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_pangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral pangan (kaca ora ana)">Mineral</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pawarna_panganan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pawarna panganan (kaca ora ana)">Pewarna</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein">Protein</a> <b>·</b></span> <span 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