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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_br.wikipedia.org&uselang=br" class=""><span>Reiñ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kroui%C3%B1Kont&returnto=Impalaeriezh+otoman" title="Erbedet eo deoc'h krouiñ ur gont ha kevreañ ; n'eo ket ret koulskoude." class=""><span>Krouiñ ur gont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kevrea%C3%B1Implijer&returnto=Impalaeriezh+otoman" title="Daoust ma n'eo ket ret, ec'h aliomp deoc'h kevreañ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kevreañ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kevreañ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pajennoù evit implijerien digevreet <a href="/wiki/Skoazell:Introduction" aria-label="Gouzout hiroc’h a-zivout degas kemmoù"><span>gouzout hiroc'h</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:MaC%27haozeadenno%C3%B9" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar c'hemmoù graet adal ar chomlec'h-mañ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Kaozeal</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Taolenn" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Taolenn</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Deroù</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Istor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Istor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Istor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deroù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deroù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Deroù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deroù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarzherezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarzherezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tarzherezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarzherezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kresk_(1453-1566)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kresk_(1453-1566)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kresk (1453-1566)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kresk_(1453-1566)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astenn_ha_barr_he_galloudusted_(1453-1566)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astenn_ha_barr_he_galloudusted_(1453-1566)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Astenn ha barr he galloudusted (1453-1566)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astenn_ha_barr_he_galloudusted_(1453-1566)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emsavadegoù_hag_emsav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emsavadegoù_hag_emsav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Emsavadegoù hag emsav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emsavadegoù_hag_emsav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diskar_an_impalaeriezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diskar_an_impalaeriezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Diskar an impalaeriezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diskar_an_impalaeriezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flakadur_ar_vro_hag_adreizhadennoù_(1699-1827)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flakadur_ar_vro_hag_adreizhadennoù_(1699-1827)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Flakadur ar vro hag adreizhadennoù (1699-1827)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flakadur_ar_vro_hag_adreizhadennoù_(1699-1827)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_diskar_hag_an_nevesaat_(1828-1908)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_diskar_hag_an_nevesaat_(1828-1908)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>An diskar hag an nevesaat (1828-1908)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_diskar_hag_an_nevesaat_(1828-1908)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispennadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispennadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Dispennadur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispennadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aozadur_ar_Stad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aozadur_ar_Stad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aozadur ar Stad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aozadur_ar_Stad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Aozadur ar Stad</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aozadur_ar_Stad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tiegezh_Osman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiegezh_Osman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tiegezh Osman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiegezh_Osman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harem_ar_Sultan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harem_ar_Sultan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Harem ar Sultan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harem_ar_Sultan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skolioù_ar_palezioù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skolioù_ar_palezioù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Skolioù ar palezioù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skolioù_ar_palezioù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_Divan_(Kuzul_ar_sultan)_hag_ar_gouarnamant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Divan_(Kuzul_ar_sultan)_hag_ar_gouarnamant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>An Divan (Kuzul ar sultan) hag ar gouarnamant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Divan_(Kuzul_ar_sultan)_hag_ar_gouarnamant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kevredigezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kevredigezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kevredigezh</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kevredigezh-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Kevredigezh</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kevredigezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keal_ar_vroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keal_ar_vroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Keal ar vroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keal_ar_vroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sklavelezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklavelezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sklavelezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sklavelezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sevenadur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sevenadur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sevenadur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sevenadur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Savouriezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Savouriezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Savouriezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Savouriezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kêrioù-penn_ar_proviñsoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kêrioù-penn_ar_proviñsoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kêrioù-penn_ar_proviñsoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Yezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonerezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonerezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Sonerezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonerezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lez_ar_Sultan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lez_ar_Sultan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Lez ar Sultan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lez_ar_Sultan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keginerezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keginerezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Keginerezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keginerezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relijion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relijion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Relijion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relijion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Impalaeriezh otoman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 179 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">179 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Османтәи аимпериа – abkhazeg" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Османтәи аимпериа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhazeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki_Utsmani" title="Turuki Utsmani – achineg" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki Utsmani" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BE" title="Осмэн Пачъыхьыгъо – adygeieg" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Осмэн Пачъыхьыгъо" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ottomaanse Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanisches_Reich" title="Osmanisches Reich – alamaneg Suis" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Osmanisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg Suis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A6%E1%89%B6%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="የኦቶማን መንግሥት – amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኦቶማን መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán – aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imperio Otomán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%BEomanisce_R%C4%ABce" title="Oþomanisce Rīce – hensaozneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Oþomanisce Rīce" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="hensaozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ij%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84-ub%E1%BB%8D%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84_Otoman" title="Ijọn̄-ubọọn̄ Otoman – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ijọn̄-ubọọn̄ Otoman" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الدولة العثمانية – arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدولة العثمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الدولة لعتمانية – arabeg Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الدولة لعتمانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabeg Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="امبراطوريه عثمانيه – arabeg Egipt" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبراطوريه عثمانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabeg Egipt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="অটোমান সাম্ৰাজ্য – asameg" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অটোমান সাম্ৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiu_Otomanu" title="Imperiu Otomanu – asturianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imperiu Otomanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="ГӀусманияб империя – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀусманияб империя" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_imperiyas%C4%B1" title="Osmanlı imperiyası – azerbaidjaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Osmanlı imperiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88" title="عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عثمانلی ایمپیراتورلوغو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ғосман империяһы – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғосман империяһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanischs_Reich" title="Osmanischs Reich – bavarieg" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Osmanischs Reich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uosmanu_imper%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Uosmanu imperėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uosmanu imperėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Ottoman" title="Imperyong Ottoman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Imperyong Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асманская імперыя – belaruseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асманская імперыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Асманская імпэрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Асманская імпэрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Османска империя – bulgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Османска империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্য – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo – bosneg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Osmansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Османай эзэнтэ гүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Османай эзэнтэ гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imperi Otomà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_D%C3%A1%CC%A4-gu%C3%B3k" title="Osman Dá̤-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Osman Dá̤-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Iусманойн шуре – tchetcheneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Iусманойн шуре" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchetcheneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی عوسمانی – kurdeg sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆریەتیی عوسمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdeg sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Devleti" title="Osmanlı Devleti – turkeg Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Osmanlı Devleti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turkeg Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%A1e" title="Osmanská říše – tchekeg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Osmanská říše" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Осман империйĕ – tchouvatch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Осман империйĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvatch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Ymerodraeth_Otomanaidd" title="Yr Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd – kembraeg" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Ymerodraeth Otomanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kembraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_Osmanniske_Rige" title="Det Osmanniske Rige – daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det Osmanniske Rige" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanisches_Reich" title="Osmanisches Reich – alamaneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Osmanisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mperatoriya_Usman%C4%B1can" title="İmperatoriya Usmanıcan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İmperatoriya Usmanıcan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B8%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία – gresianeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ottoman Empire" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="pennadoù mat"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomana_Imperio" title="Otomana Imperio – esperanteg" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Otomana Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_otomano" title="Imperio otomano – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imperio otomano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanite_riik" title="Osmanite riik – estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osmanite riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa – euskareg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Otomandar Inperioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperiu_otomanu" title="Emperiu otomanu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Emperiu otomanu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="امپراتوری عثمانی – perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری عثمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanien_valtakunta" title="Osmanien valtakunta – finneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Osmanien valtakunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmann%C3%B5_riik" title="Osmannõ riik – voroeg" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Osmannõ riik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="voroeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Osmanska ríkið – faeroeg" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Osmanska ríkið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faeroeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_ottoman" title="Empire ottoman – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Empire ottoman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmaansk_Rik" title="Osmaansk Rik – frizeg an Norzh" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Osmaansk Rik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizeg an Norzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmaanske_Ryk" title="Osmaanske Ryk – frizeg ar Cʼhornôg" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Osmaanske Ryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizeg ar Cʼhornôg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Impireacht_Otam%C3%A1nach" title="An Impireacht Otamánach – iwerzhoneg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Impireacht Otamánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iwerzhoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_Devleti" title="Osmanlı Devleti – gagaouzeg" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Osmanlı Devleti" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaouzeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampir_otoman" title="Ampir otoman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ampir otoman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impireachd_nan_Otomanach" title="Impireachd nan Otomanach – skoseg" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Impireachd nan Otomanach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skoseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Otom%C3%A1n" title="Imperio Otomán – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imperio Otomán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mburuvi_otom%C3%A1no" title="Mburuvi otománo – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mburuvi otománo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daular_Usmaniyya" title="Daular Usmaniyya – haousa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daular Usmaniyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haousa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ti-koet" title="Osman Ti-koet – sinaeg Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Osman Ti-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האימפריה העות'מאנית – hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האימפריה העות'מאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="उस्मानी साम्राज्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उस्मानी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Samrajya" title="Ottoman Samrajya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ottoman Samrajya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo – kroateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Osmansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpi_Otoman" title="Anpi Otoman – haitieg" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Anpi Otoman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oszm%C3%A1n_Birodalom" title="Oszmán Birodalom – hungareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oszmán Birodalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օսմանյան կայսրություն – armenianeg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսմանյան կայսրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օսմանեան Կայսրութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օսմանեան Կայսրութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Ottoman" title="Imperio Ottoman – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Imperio Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Ottoman" title="Empayar Ottoman – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Empayar Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah – indonezeg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Imperie" title="Ottoman Imperie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ottoman Imperie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_nga_Otomano" title="Imperio nga Otomano – ilokanoeg" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Imperio nga Otomano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokanoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хьункархой импери – ingoucheg" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хьункархой импери" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingoucheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoman_imperio" title="Otoman imperio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Otoman imperio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkjaveldi" title="Tyrkjaveldi – islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkjaveldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano – italianeg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impero ottomano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="オスマン帝国 – japaneg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスマン帝国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataman_Empaya" title="Ataman Empaya – kreoleg Jamaika" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ataman Empaya" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="kreoleg Jamaika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakaisaran_Ottoman" title="Kakaisaran Ottoman – javaneg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kakaisaran Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ოსმალეთის იმპერია – jorjianeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსმალეთის იმპერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="jorjianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamnekda_n_Iturkiyen" title="Tamnekda n Iturkiyen – kabileg" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamnekda n Iturkiyen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Уэсмэн империэ – kabardeg" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Уэсмэн империэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1byintyokshan_A%CC%B1toman" title="A̱byintyokshan A̱toman – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱byintyokshan A̱toman" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Осман империясы – kazak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Осман империясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಆಟೋಮನ್ ಚಕ್ರಾಧಿಪತ್ಯ – kanareg" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಟೋಮನ್ ಚಕ್ರಾಧಿಪತ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="오스만 제국 – koreaneg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스만 제국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8F%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%AA" title="عُثمانیہ سلطنَت – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عُثمانیہ سلطنَت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emperatoriya_Osman%C3%AE" title="Împeratoriya Osmanî – kurdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Împeratoriya Osmanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperoureth_Ottoman" title="Emperoureth Ottoman – kerneveureg" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Emperoureth Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kerneveureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Осмон империясы – kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осмон империясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Ottomanicum" title="Imperium Ottomanicum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Imperium Ottomanicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Otomano" title="Imperio Otomano – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Imperio Otomano" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanescht_R%C3%A4ich" title="Osmanescht Räich – luksembourgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Osmanescht Räich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembourgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Усманрин империя – lezgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Усманрин империя" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impero_Osmanan" title="Impero Osmanan – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Impero Osmanan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomaans_Riek" title="Ottomaans Riek – limbourgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ottomaans Riek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imper_Otoman" title="Imper Otoman – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Imper Otoman" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imper_Otoman" title="Imper Otoman – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Imper Otoman" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ຈັກກະວັດໂອສະມັນ – laoseg" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈັກກະວັດໂອສະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman%C5%B3_imperija" title="Osmanų imperija – lituaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Osmanų imperija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="pennadoù mat"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osma%C5%86u_imp%C4%93rija" title="Osmaņu impērija – latvieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osmaņu impērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empira_%C3%94t%C3%B4m%C3%A0na" title="Empira Ôtômàna – malgacheg" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Empira Ôtômàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Отоманско Царство – makedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отоманско Царство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഓട്ടൊമൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓട്ടൊമൻ സാമ്രാജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Османы эзэнт гүрэн – mongoleg" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Османы эзэнт гүрэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="ओस्मानी साम्राज्य – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओस्मानी साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Uthmaniyah" title="Empayar Uthmaniyah – malayseg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Empayar Uthmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperu_Ottoman" title="Imperu Ottoman – malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Imperu Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amp%C3%A9rio_Outomano" title="Ampério Outomano – mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ampério Outomano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အော့တမန် အင်ပိုင်ယာ – birmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော့တမန် အင်ပိုင်ယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="عثمانی – mazanderaneg" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عثمانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmaansch_Riek" title="Osmaansch Riek – alamaneg izel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Osmaansch Riek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg izel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomaanse_Riek" title="Ottomaanse Riek – saksoneg izel" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ottomaanse Riek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saksoneg izel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="अटोमन साम्राज्य – nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अटोमन साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="उस्मान साम्राज्य – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उस्मान साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomaanse_Rijk" title="Ottomaanse Rijk – nederlandeg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ottomaanse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_osmanske_riket" title="Det osmanske riket – norvegeg nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det osmanske riket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegeg nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="pennadoù mat"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_osmanske_rike" title="Det osmanske rike – norvegeg bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det osmanske rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegeg bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%8F%DF%95%DF%8F%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%B2_%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%B0%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9F%DF%8A" title="ߏߕߏߡߊ߲ ߝߊ߰ߡߊ߬ߟߊ – nkoeg" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߏߕߏߡߊ߲ ߝߊ߰ߡߊ߬ߟߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nkoeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman – okitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Empèri Otoman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Османты импери – oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Османты импери" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਉਸਮਾਨੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਸਮਾਨੀ ਸਾਮਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperio_Otomano" title="Imperio Otomano – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Imperio Otomano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanisches_Reich" title="Osmanisches Reich – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Osmanisches Reich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperium_Osma%C5%84skie" title="Imperium Osmańskie – poloneg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imperium Osmańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سلطنت عثمانیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلطنت عثمانیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="عثماني سترواکي – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عثماني سترواکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano" title="Império Otomano – portugaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Império Otomano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utumanu_qhapaq_suyu" title="Utumanu qhapaq suyu – kechuaeg" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Utumanu qhapaq suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechuaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomano_Thagaripen" title="Otomano Thagaripen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Otomano Thagaripen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_Otoman" title="Imperiul Otoman – roumaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul Otoman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Mbere_Ottomane" title="'Mbere Ottomane – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'Mbere Ottomane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Османская империя – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Османская империя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Османьска імперія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Османьска імперія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Осмаан Импиэрийэтэ – yakouteg" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Осмаан Импиэрийэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakouteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp%C3%A8riu_otomanu" title="Impèriu otomanu – sardeg" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Impèriu otomanu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpiru_uttumanu" title="Mpiru uttumanu – sikilieg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mpiru uttumanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikilieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire – skoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ottoman Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="عثماني سلطنت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عثماني سلطنت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo – serb-kroateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Osmansko Carstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serb-kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%95%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA" title="ඕටමන් අධිරාජ්‍යය – singhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඕටමන් අධිරාජ්‍යය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ottoman Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Osmanská ríša – slovakeg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Osmanská ríša" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmansko_cesarstvo" title="Osmansko cesarstvo – sloveneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osmansko cesarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimintooyada_Cosmaniya" title="Rimintooyada Cosmaniya – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rimintooyada Cosmaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perandoria_Osmane" title="Perandoria Osmane – albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perandoria Osmane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Османско царство – serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Османско царство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoansk_Riek" title="Osmoansk Riek – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Osmoansk Riek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kasultanan Utsmaniyah – sundaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kasultanan Utsmaniyah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanska_riket" title="Osmanska riket – svedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Osmanska riket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milki_ya_Osmani" title="Milki ya Osmani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Milki ya Osmani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94sma%C5%84ske_Imperyjum" title="Ôsmańske Imperyjum – silezieg" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ôsmańske Imperyjum" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="உதுமானியப் பேரரசு – tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உதுமானியப் பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Имперотурии Усмонӣ – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Имперотурии Усмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="จักรวรรดิออตโตมัน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิออตโตมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_imperi%C3%BDasy" title="Osman imperiýasy – turkmeneg" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Osman imperiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyong_Otomano" title="Imperyong Otomano – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Imperyong Otomano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanijon_Imperij%C9%99" title="Osmanijon Imperijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Osmanijon Imperijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Osmanlı İmparatorluğu – turkeg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Osmanlı İmparatorluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Госман империясе – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Госман империясе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ئوسمان ئىمپېرىيىسى – ouigoureg" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوسمان ئىمپېرىيىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouigoureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Османська імперія – ukraineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Османська імперія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pennad eus an dibab"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سلطنت عثمانیہ – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطنت عثمانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usmoniylar_davlati" title="Usmoniylar davlati – ouzbekeg" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Usmoniylar davlati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpero_otoman" title="Inpero otoman – venezieg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inpero otoman" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venezieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanan_imperii" title="Osmanan imperii – vepseg" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Osmanan imperii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Ottoman" title="Đế quốc Ottoman – vietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đế quốc Ottoman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperyo_Otomano" title="Imperyo Otomano – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Imperyo Otomano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国 – sinaeg Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥斯曼帝国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ოსმალეთიშ იმპერია – megreleg" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსმალეთიშ იმპერია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אטאמאנישע אימפעריע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטאמאנישע אימפעריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%E1%BB%8Cba_%C3%92tt%C3%B3m%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Ilẹ̀-Ọba Òttómánì – yorouba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀-Ọba Òttómánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yorouba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Daeqgoz" title="Osman Daeqgoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Osman Daeqgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国 – sinaeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥斯曼帝国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="sinaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧斯曼帝國 – sinaeg lennegel" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="奧斯曼帝國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="sinaeg lennegel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_T%C3%A8-kok" title="Osman Tè-kok – sinaeg Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Osman Tè-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="鄂圖曼帝國 – kantoneg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鄂圖曼帝國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Esaouennoù anv"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_otoman" title="Gwelet ar pennad [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pajenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kaozeal:Impalaeriezh_otoman" rel="discussion" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar pennad [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Kaozeadenn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kemmañ adstumm yezh" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">brezhoneg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Gweladennoù"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_otoman"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit" title="Kemmañ ar bajenn-mañ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Kemmañ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit" title="Kemmañ kod mammennoù ar bajenn-mañ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=history" title="Stummoù kozh ar bajenn-mañ gant an aozerien anezhi. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gwelet an istor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ostilhoù" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ostilhoù</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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href="/wiki/Dibar:PetraGasBetekAma%C3%B1/Impalaeriezh_otoman" title="Roll ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Kemmo%C3%B9Kar/Impalaeriezh_otoman" rel="nofollow" title="Roll ar c'hemmoù diwezhañ war ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Heuliañ ar pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=br" title="Enporzhiañ ur skeudenn pe ur restr media war ar servijer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Kargañ war ar servijer</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Pajenno%C3%B9Dibar" title="Roll an holl bajennoù dibar [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pajennoù dibar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&oldid=2108530" title="Liamm padus war-du ar stumm-mañ eus 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Empire" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12560" title="Liamm war-zu elfenn gevreet kavlec'h ar roadennoù [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elfenn Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Neuz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Eus Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:10px; top:-40px;" class="icone de titre"> <div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3; font-size:150pt;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pennado%C3%B9_mat" title="Wikipedia:Pennadoù mat"><span title="Ar bajenn-mañ a zo kinniget evit bezañ anavezet evel pennad mat. Klikit evit votiñ.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Cscr-candidate.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ar bajenn-mañ a zo kinniget evit bezañ anavezet evel pennad mat. Klikit evit votiñ."><img alt="Ar bajenn-mañ a zo kinniget evit bezañ anavezet evel pennad mat. Klikit evit votiñ." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cscr-candidate.png/20px-Cscr-candidate.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cscr-candidate.png/30px-Cscr-candidate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cscr-candidate.png/40px-Cscr-candidate.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="156" /></a></span></div> </div> </div> <table class="WSerieH plainlinks" border="0" style="width:80%; border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color:#F8EABA; padding: 0.3em; text-align: left;margin:1em auto 0.5em auto;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="40"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Silverwiki_1.5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Silverwiki_1.5.png/35px-Silverwiki_1.5.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Silverwiki_1.5.png/53px-Silverwiki_1.5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Silverwiki_1.5.png/70px-Silverwiki_1.5.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="787" /></a></span> </td> <td width="40"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Question_mark_3d.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Question_mark_3d.png/25px-Question_mark_3d.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Question_mark_3d.png/38px-Question_mark_3d.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Question_mark_3d.png/50px-Question_mark_3d.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="959" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>16 Kerzu 2007</b> : lakaet eo bet ar pennad-mañ war ar renk evit bezañ anavezet evel « <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pennado%C3%B9_mat" title="Wikipedia:Pennadoù mat">pennad mat</a> ». Gallout a rit <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pennado%C3%B9_mat#Impalaeriezh_otoman" title="Wikipedia:Pennadoù mat">reiñ hoc'h ali</a></b> war ar c'hinnig-se. <p><a class="external text" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&oldid=250830&diff=cur"><small>Sellet ouzh ar c'hemmoù kaset d'ar pennad dibaoe m'eo bet kinniget evit bezañ ur "pennad mat"</small></a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="infobox" style="margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;width:300px"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">Impalaeriezh otoman</div><table style="text-align:left;word-break:break-word;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span>bro istorel</span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Rann eus</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Galloudo%C3%B9_kreiz" title="Galloudoù kreiz">Galloudoù kreiz</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P361" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Deiziad krouiñ</th><td><span><span>29 Gou 1299</span>, <span>1300</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P571" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Anv er yezh a orin</th><td><span><span><span lang="ota">دولت عالیه عثمانیه</span></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P1705" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Anvet diwar</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Osman_Gazi" title="Osman Gazi">Osman Gazi</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P138" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Den e penn an aozadur</th><td><span><span>sultan of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P2388" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yezh ofisiel</th><td><span><span>Ottoman Turkish</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P37" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kan broadel</th><td><span><span>Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P85" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Testenn ar ger-stur</th><td><span><span><span lang="ota">دولت ابد مدت</span></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P1451" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kevandir</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Europa_(kevandir)" title="Europa (kevandir)">Europa</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P30" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Kêr-benn</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P36" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daveennoù douaroniel</th><td><span><span><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Dibar:Map/0/41/29/br" data-lat="41" data-lon="29" data-overlays="["_f506e4039395a2d4c6edd8f09b450726c6849eb3"]">41°0′0″N 29°0′0″E</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P625" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Office held by head of state</th><td><span><span>sultan of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P1906" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Korf lezenniñ</th><td><span><span>General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P194" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Central bank</th><td><span><span>Ottoman Bank</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P1304" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Diplomatic relation</th><td><span><span>Persia</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Republik_Poblel_Ukrania" title="Republik Poblel Ukrania">Republik Poblel Ukrania</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P530" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Moneiz</th><td><span><span>Akçe</span>, <span>kuruş</span>, <span>Ottoman lira</span>, <span>sultani</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P38" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">A zo stok ouzh</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Rouantelezh_Bulgaria" title="Rouantelezh Bulgaria">Rouantelezh Bulgaria</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Aostria-Hungaria" title="Aostria-Hungaria">Aostria-Hungaria</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Aostria" title="Impalaeriezh Aostria">Impalaeriezh Aostria</a></span>, <span>Kingdom of Hungary</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P47" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Raklec'hiet gant</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_Reter" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter">Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter</a></span>, <span>Empire of Trebizond</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P155" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Bet erlec'hiet gant</th><td><span><span>Government of the Grand National Assembly</span>, <span>occupation of Smyrna</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P1366" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yezh implijet</th><td><span><span>Ottoman Turkish</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Perseg" title="Perseg">perseg</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Gresianeg" title="Gresianeg">gresianeg</a></span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg">galleg</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P2936" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Deiziad divodañ</th><td><span><span>17 Du 1922</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P576" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Banniel (deskrivadur)</th><td><span><span>flags of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P163" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ardamezioù</th><td><span><span>coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P237" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Istor</th><td><span><span>history of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P2184" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Relijion ofisiel</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/Islam_sunnit" title="Islam sunnit">Islam sunnit</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P3075" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ekonomiezh an danvez</th><td><span><span>economic history of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P8744" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Poblañsouriezh an danvez</th><td><span><span>demographics of the Ottoman Empire</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560#P9241" title="Kemmañ"><img alt="Kemmañ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-lat="41" data-lon="29" data-overlays="["_2f157bcecc60e46f8da73f6d8999910d71a991a1"]" href="/wiki/Dibar:Map/0/41/29/br"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,41,29,300x300.png?lang=br&domain=br.wikipedia.org&title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&revid=2108530&groups=_2f157bcecc60e46f8da73f6d8999910d71a991a1" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,41,29,300x300@2x.png?lang=br&domain=br.wikipedia.org&title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&revid=2108530&groups=_2f157bcecc60e46f8da73f6d8999910d71a991a1 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1300-1923int.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1300-1923int.gif/480px-Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1300-1923int.gif" decoding="async" width="480" height="439" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_1300-1923int.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center;">Diorroadur ha diskar an <b>Impalaeriezh otoman</b>, <a href="/wiki/1300" title="1300">1300</a>-<a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>Impalaeriezh otoman</b> (anvet دولت عليه عثمانيه - <i>Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye</i> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkeg_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkeg otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">turkeg otoman</a>) a oa un <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh" title="Impalaeriezh">impalaeriezh</a> eus ar re vrasañ hag eus ar re c’halloudusañ zo bet en-dro d’ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouar" title="Mor Kreizdouar">Mor Kreizdouar</a>. Padet eo eus <a href="/wiki/1299" title="1299">1299</a> da <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. Anavezet eo bet ivez en <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europa</a> evel an <b>Impalaeriezh turk</b>. Pa oa e barr he brud e oa enni tammoù bras eus <a href="/wiki/Azia-Vihana%C3%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Azia-Vihanañ">Azia-Vihanañ</a>, eus ar <a href="/wiki/Balkano%C3%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanoù">Balkanoù</a>, eus ar <a href="/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ">Reter-Nesañ</a> hag eus <a href="/wiki/Norzhafrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Norzhafrika">Norzhafrika</a>. War he lerc’h eo deuet ar <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Republik Turk</a>, embannet e <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> gant ar jeneral <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>. </p><p>Anvioù all he deus bet an impalaeriezh-se, evel <i>Âl-i Osman</i>; <i>Devlet-i Âliye</i>, <i>Devlet-i Ebed-Müddet</i> ("Ar broioù gwarezet mat"), <i>Memâlik-i Mahrûse-i Osmanî</i>, "Ar Rouantelezh otoman hag uhelañ". Renet e oa gant ar <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> (anv <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabek</a> an impalaer). </p><p>En em ledañ a rae kenkoulz war ar Bed kornôg ha war ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bed_reterat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bed reterat (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Bed reterat</a>, hag e-pad 6 <a href="/wiki/Kantved" title="Kantved">kantved</a> eo bet <a href="/wiki/Kroashent" title="Kroashent">kroashent</a> sevenadurioù <a href="/wiki/Eurazia" title="Eurazia">Eurazia</a> ha lec'h meur a zarempred etre galloudoù Europa hag <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a>. Diazezet e oa bet an impalaeriezh otoman gant an Durked otoman deuet da Anatolia war-dro ar bloavezh <a href="/wiki/1000" title="1000">1000</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%AAr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hêr (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Hêred</a> e oa an Durked otoman d'ur skourr eus ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poblo%C3%B9_turkek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pobloù turkek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">pobloù turkek</a>, an Durked oghouz a oa bet o ren war greiz Azia. </p><p>Er <a href="/wiki/XVIvet_kantved" title="XVIvet kantved"><abbr title="16vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr></a> hag er <a href="/wiki/XVIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe e barr he nerzh <a href="/wiki/Armerzh" title="Armerzh">armerzhel</a> ha milourel, oc’h en em astenn adalek <a href="/wiki/Strizh-mor_Jibraltar" title="Strizh-mor Jibraltar">Strizh-mor Jibraltar</a> betek <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kaspia" title="Mor Kaspia">Mor Kaspia</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Pleg-mor_pers_hag_arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleg-mor pers hag arab">Pleg-mor pers hag arab</a>, hag eus <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">harzoù</a> <a href="/wiki/Aostria" title="Aostria">Aostria</a> da <a href="/wiki/Pleg-mor_Aden" title="Pleg-mor Aden">bleg-mor Aden</a>. Aloubet e oa bet ganti darn eus <a href="/wiki/Mervent" title="Mervent">mervent</a> Europa (<a href="/wiki/Ledenez" title="Ledenez">Ledenez</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Balkanio%C3%B9" title="Balkanioù">Balkanioù</a>) betek kêr <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, kêr-benn <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Aostria" title="Impalaeriezh Aostria">Impalaeriezh Aostria</a> (bet lakaet seziz warni e <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a> hag e <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a> en-dro), <a href="/wiki/Norzhafrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Norzhafrika">Hanternoz Afrika</a>, betek <a href="/wiki/Strizh-mor_Jibraltar" title="Strizh-mor Jibraltar">strizh-mor Jibraltar</a> (hag aod ar <a href="/wiki/Meurvor_Atlantel" title="Meurvor Atlantel">Meurvor Atlantel</a> e 1553), hag ar <a href="/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ">Reter-Nesañ</a>, betek <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kaspia" title="Mor Kaspia">Mor Kaspia</a>. </p><p>War ziskar ez eas an impalaeriezh goustadik e-pad an <a href="/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> betek kouezhañ en he foull e derou an <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> pa oa bet trec'het er <a href="/wiki/Brezel-bed_kenta%C3%B1" title="Brezel-bed kentañ">Brezel-bed kentañ</a> hag hi kevredet gant ar <a href="/wiki/Galloudo%C3%B9_kreiz" title="Galloudoù kreiz">Galloudoù kreiz</a>. Goude m’en doa pleget ar <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> dirak an alouberien e oa bet rannet e zouaroù e meur a <a href="/wiki/Stad" title="Stad">stad</a> war atiz ar broioù trec'h (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-Emglev_S%C3%A8vres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-Emglev Sèvres (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Feur-Emglev Sèvres</a> e <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>). Diwar an douaroù-se e oa bet krouet 39 stad nevez en <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. Disklêriet e oa bet ar <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Republik turk</a> (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) e <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> hag ar Sultan, e <a href="/wiki/Familh" class="mw-disambig" title="Familh">familh</a> hag e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goskor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goskor (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">goskor</a> a voe skarzhet eus Turkia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istor">Istor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Istor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istor"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deroù"><span id="Dero.C3.B9"></span>Deroù</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Deroù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Deroù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>War-dro an <a href="/wiki/Xvet_kantved" title="Xvet kantved"><abbr title="10vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">X</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved</a> e krogas pobloù turkek kreiz Azia da skeiñ etrezek ar c'hornôg betek en em staliañ e <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a>. Ar roue turk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toghrul-Beg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toghrul-Beg (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Toghrul-Beg</a> a adlakaas <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">Kalif</a> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> war e <a href="/wiki/Tron" title="Tron">dron</a>. Dindan an <a href="/wiki/Tierniezh" title="Tierniezh">dierniezh</a> seldjoukour e tizhas an Durked <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> hag Reter <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> en <a href="/wiki/XIvet_kantved" title="XIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. Eno e krogas an Durked seldjoukour da dagañ <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_Reter" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter">Bizantiz</a> a oa aet o galloud war zigreskiñ er mare-se. E <a href="/wiki/1071" title="1071">1071</a> e voe trec'h an Durked seljoukour en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Mantzikert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Mantzikert (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Mantzikert</a> ha ne c'hellas ket mui ar Vizantiz mirout ouzh an Durked da staliañ o <a href="/wiki/Riegezh" title="Riegezh">riegezh</a> en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> ha diazezañ ar rouantelezh seldjoukour, anvet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultaniezh_ar_Roum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultaniezh ar Roum (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sultaniezh ar Roum</a> (rouantelezh Roma, da lâret eo "staliet war douaroù Roma nevez").<br /> Koulskoude e kollas ar Seldjoukourien tiriadoù arabek e <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> da-heul bount ar <a href="/wiki/Kroaziadego%C3%B9" title="Kroaziadegoù">Groazidi</a> hag hini an Durked danichmendour ken e voent rediet da glask repu e kreiz Anatolia. E <a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a> e kreskas o nerzh ken e voe miret ganto ouzh ar Groazidi da dremen dre Anatolia. Masoud (1116-1155) a stalias e gêrbenn e <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilij_Arslan_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilij Arslan II (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kilij Arslan II</a> (1155-1191) a oe trec'h war an Durked danichmendour. <br /> E-pad an <a href="/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved"><abbr title="12vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved</a> e c'hounezas an Durked tiriadoù all, hini <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> hag hini an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenianed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenianed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Armenianed</a> betek aloubiñ hogoz an holl Anatolia. Eskemmoù armerzhel bras a veze graet gant an Durked pa blavas ar <a href="/wiki/Mongoled" title="Mongoled">Vongoled</a> warne e <a href="/wiki/1243" title="1243">1243</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Kense_Da%C4%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Kense Dağ (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Kense Dağ</a>). Dindan ar Vongoled e chomas bruzunet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultaniezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultaniezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sultaniezh</a> Roum e meur a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pri%C3%B1selezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priñselezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">briñselezh</a> turk (<a href="/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik">beylik</a>). Unan anezho, ar <a href="/wiki/Beylik" title="Beylik">beylik</a> renet gant an Otomaned eus ar <a href="/wiki/Meuriad" title="Meuriad">meuriad</a> <i>Kayı</i> hag eus ar bobl turk oghouz a oa bet aotreet d'en em staliañ e Reter Anatolia dindan gwarez ar Seldjoukourien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tarzherezh">Tarzherezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Tarzherezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tarzherezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/220px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/330px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/440px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> oc'h aloubiñ <a href="/wiki/Kemeridigezh_Kergustentin" title="Kemeridigezh Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a> e 1453</figcaption></figure> <p>Dont a ra "Otoman" eus anv mab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ertu%C4%9Frul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ertuğrul (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ertuğrul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osman_Ia%C3%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Iañ">Osman Iañ</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a> : <i>Ousman</i>, hag <i>osmanli</i>a dalv "hêr da Osman" e <a href="/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg">turkeg</a>), ar c'hentañ a zisklêrias e oa dizalc'h diouzh ar Vongoled en ur sevel emglevioù gant pobloù kristen. Pa oa ar "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bey (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">veyed</a>" all o vrezeliñ etrezo e talc'has da ledanaat e diriad hag e aloubas an takadoù nes da <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Gergustentin</a> ken e c'hellas staliañ e gêrbenn e <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>. Ken kalonek e oa <a href="/wiki/Osman_Ia%C3%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Iañ">Osman Iañ</a> ken ez eus bet deuet betek hon amzer ar bomm-lavar turk : "ra vo eñ kenkoulz hag Osman". Ur gontadenn a zo bet savet, "Huñvre Osman", ma rakwel hemañ an impalaeriezh da zont.<br /> Dindan e ren e voe staliet reolennoù pennañ ar gouarnamant otoman ha ne vo ket kemmet an darn vuiañ anezhe e-pad kantvedoù. Perzh pennañ ar sistem <a href="/wiki/Gouarnamant" title="Gouarnamant">gouarnamant</a>-se a zo bet mirout ar galloud roueel pell a-walc'h diouzh ar galloud milourel, un dra ne veze ket gwelet er broioù all. Staliet eo bet ivez ar "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Millet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millet (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Millet</a>", ar sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emrenerezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emrenerezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">emrenerezh</a> evit ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorelezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorelezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">minorelezhioù</a> hag an dud o doa ur relijion all estroc'h evit an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. </p><p>E-korf ar c'hantved goude marv Osman Iañ e c'hounezas ar gouarnamant otoman tiriadoù war ribl ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Egaios" class="mw-redirect" title="Mor Egaios">Mor Egaios</a> hag er <a href="/wiki/Balkano%C3%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanoù">Balkanoù</a>. Goude bezañ bet trec'het e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plocnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plocnik (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Plocnik</a> e voe trec'h an Durked war ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Serbed</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo-Polie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo-Polie (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kosovo-Polie</a> ("Kompezenn ar mouilc'hi"), e <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a>. Daoust ma ne blegas ket ar Serbed diouzhtu, e c'hellas an Otomaned koulskoude kregiñ gant aloubadenn mervent Europa. Chom a ree dizalc'h <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a> hag e klaskas an Durked he c'hemer. D'an <a href="/wiki/29_Mae" title="29 Mae">29 a viz Mae</a> <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> e kemerjont ar Geoded veur dindan ren ar Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II" title="Mehmet II">Mehmet II</a> en doa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adreizhadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adreizhadur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">adreizhet</a> e <a href="/wiki/Riez" title="Riez">riez</a> a-raok kas da-benn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seziz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">seziz</a> Kergustentin dre sevel <a href="/wiki/Kastell-kre%C3%B1v" title="Kastell-kreñv">kastellioù-kreñv</a> bras-meurbet war glannoù ar <a href="/wiki/Bosfor" title="Bosfor">Bosfor</a>. <br /> Kouezhañ a reas <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_Reter" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter">Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter</a> ha Kergustentin a zeuas da vezañ kêrbenn an impalaeriezh otoman (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> hiziv). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kresk_(1453-1566)"><span id="Kresk_.281453-1566.29"></span>Kresk (1453-1566)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kresk (1453-1566)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kresk (1453-1566)"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Ottoman_small_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ottoman_small_animation.gif/220px-Ottoman_small_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Ottoman_small_animation.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Impalaeriezh otoman, 1299–1683</figcaption></figure> <p>Eus <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a> betek <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a> e c'heller komz eus "oad aour" an impalaeriezh otoman hag er maread da-heul e c'heller komz eus sac'hadur an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diorroadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diorroadur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">diorroadur</a> politikel ha milourel. </p><p>Da-heul aloubadeg lodennoù zo eus Europa ha <a href="/wiki/Norzhafrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Norzhafrika">Norzhafrika</a> e kreskas an impalaeriezh goude <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>, dindan renerezh <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultaned</a> speredek hag efedus, en o zouez <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ar_Meurdezus" title="Suleiman ar Meurdezus">Suleiman Veurdezus</a>, an hini illurañ. Gant efedusted ha kensentidigezh e c'hounezas an arme otoman tiriadoù nevez hag dre nerzh ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morlu_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morlu otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">morlu</a> e teuas an impalaeriezh da vezañ ur galloud kenwerzhel bras-kenañ pa gontrole an Otomaned an hentoù kenwerzh pennañ etre Europa hag Azia. </p><p>Pa varvas Suleiman Veurdezus e <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a> e krogas an impalaeriezh da goll lodennoù bihan eus e aloubadennoù. Digoret e oa bet hentoù kenwerzh nevez evit ar <a href="/wiki/Spis" class="mw-disambig" title="Spis">spisoù</a> a dremene hebiou d'ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bed_nevez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bed nevez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Bed nevez</a> betek an <a href="/wiki/Indez" class="mw-disambig" title="Indez">Indez</a> ken e savas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevezerezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevezerezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kevezerezh</a> ouzh an Otomaned. Ouzhpenn-se e wanaas efedusted ar <a href="/wiki/Melestradurezh" class="mw-disambig" title="Melestradurezh">melestradurezh</a> hag al lu dindan ren sultaned dinerzh. Koulskoude e chomas kreñv a-walch ar galloud otoman betek e <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%27hwitadenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C'hwitadenn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">c'hwitadenn</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Vienna_(1529)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Vienna (1529) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Vienna</a>, e 1529, ar wech kentañ ma oa bet trec'het war zouar Europa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astenn_ha_barr_he_galloudusted_(1453-1566)"><span id="Astenn_ha_barr_he_galloudusted_.281453-1566.29"></span>Astenn ha barr he galloudusted (1453-1566)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Astenn ha barr he galloudusted (1453-1566)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Astenn ha barr he galloudusted (1453-1566)"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dindan ar sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a> (1512-1520), hêr Mec'hmet II, alouber <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a>, e oe aloubet kalon broioù an Arabed ha mervent Europa hag e oe lakaet un <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">harz</a> d'ar <a href="/wiki/Persed" title="Persed">Bersed</a> renet gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismail_Ia%C3%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismail Iañ (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ismail I<span style="font-size: 75%; vertical-align: 0.3em; line-height: initial">añ</span></a>, diazezer tierniezh ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Safiourien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Safiourien (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Safiourien</a>, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Chaldiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Chaldiran (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">emgann Chaldiran</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aloubet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aloubet (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Aloubet</a> e oa ivez <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> ha ar <a href="/wiki/Morlu" title="Morlu">morlu</a> otoman a renas war ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mor_Ru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mor Ru (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Mor Ru</a>. E 1521, an heuliad, <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ar_Meurdezus" title="Suleiman ar Meurdezus">Suleiman</a> a aloubas <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> ha he c'hêrbenn <a href="/wiki/Belgrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrad">Belgrad</a> hag <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a> ivez pa oa trec'h e 1526 goude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Mohacs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Mohacs (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Mohacs</a>. E <a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a> e lakaas ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seziz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">seziz</a> dirak Vienna, met ne c'hellas ket e arme gouzañv ar goañv hag e voe ret dezhañ kilañ. E <a href="/wiki/1535" title="1535">1535</a> e kemeras <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> diwar-goust ar Bersed hag a aloubas <a href="/wiki/Mezopotamia" title="Mezopotamia">Mezopotamia</a> ken e c'hellas kaout un digor war ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleg-mor_arabat-ha-persat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleg-mor arabat-ha-persat (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Pleg-mor arabat-ha-persat</a>. </p><p>Ar galloud milourel pennañ war vor e teuas da vezañ ar morlu otoman dindan renoù Selim II ha Suleiman Veurdezus pa oa dindan urzhioù amiraled veur evel Barv Ruz pe Varvarossa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%27heir_ed_Din_Pacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C'heir ed Din Pacha (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">C'heir ed Din Pacha</a> e anv ofisiel. Aloubet e oa <a href="/wiki/Tuniz" title="Tuniz">Tuniz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1518" title="1518">1518</a>) hag <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>. Pa oa Skarzhet Yuzevien ha Muzulmaned Bro-Spagn dindan pouez ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goulennataerezh_Santel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goulennataerezh Santel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Goulennataerezh Santel</a> ez ejont da chom war zouaroù an impalaeriezh, dreist-holl e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tessaloniki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tessaloniki (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tessaloniki</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Kiprenez" title="Kiprenez">Kiprenez</a> hag e <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a>.<br /> A-drugarez d'un emglev gant <a href="/wiki/Fra%C3%B1sez_Ia%C3%B1_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Frañsez Iañ (Bro-C'hall)">Frañsez Iañ</a>, roue Bro-C'hall, e kemeras Barv Ruz <a href="/wiki/Nisa" title="Nisa">Nisa</a> diwar-goust an Impalaeriezh Santel hag e lakaas e flodad e goudor porzh <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> e <a href="/wiki/1543" title="1543">1543</a>. A-drugarez d'an emglev e c'halle roue Bro-C'hall ober kenwerzh gant an Durked gant telloù izel ha klask a rae gwanaat aotrouniezh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlez_V_(Aostria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlez V (Aostria) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Charlez V Aostria</a> war Europa. Dre bolontez <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall">Bro-C'hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bro-Saoz" title="Bro-Saoz">Bro-Saoz</a> hag an <a href="/wiki/Izelvroio%C3%B9" title="Izelvroioù">Izelvroioù</a> e veze lakaet an impalaeriezh otoman da aktour politikel bras ar <a href="/wiki/Kevandir" title="Kevandir">c'hevandir</a>. </p><p>E-korf ar <abbr title="16vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved e kejas mestroniezh ar morlu otoman war ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouarel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mor Kreizdouarel">Mor Kreizdouarel</a> hag ar Pleg-mor arabat-ha-persat gant an dae a save diwar gresk ar galloudoù nevez war ar morioù, hini <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> da gentañ. Evit ober tro an douaroù turk e klaskas ar galloudoù europat kavout hentoù nevez, <a href="/wiki/Hent_ar_seiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hent ar seiz">hini ar seiz</a> (e kreiz Azia) pe hini ar <a href="/wiki/Spis_(temz)" title="Spis (temz)">spisoù</a> (o tont eus <a href="/wiki/Meurvor_Indez" title="Meurvor Indez">Meurvor Indez</a>) a veze kontrolet gant ar <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a>.<br /> Koll a reas an impalaeriezh e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nerzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nerzh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">nerzhioù</a> pa oa rediet ober ar <a href="/wiki/Brezel" title="Brezel">brezel</a> war div <a href="/wiki/Talbenn" class="mw-disambig" title="Talbenn">dalbenn</a> en Europa hag e Persia ha tamm ha tamm ne c'hellas mui mirout ouzh kenwerzherien Europa d'ober tro Afrika ha da sachañ pinvidigezhioù <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a> dre ar verdeerezh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emsavadegoù_hag_emsav"><span id="Emsavadego.C3.B9_hag_emsav"></span><a href="/wiki/Emsavadeg" title="Emsavadeg">Emsavadegoù</a> hag emsav</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Emsavadegoù hag emsav" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Emsavadegoù hag emsav"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg/180px-Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg/270px-Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg/360px-Vienna_Battle_1683.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="1842" /></a><figcaption>Eil seiz hag emgann Vienna e 1683</figcaption></figure> <p>Ouzhpenn o strivoù evit kavout hentoù kenwerzh hag a dremene hebiou d'an tiriad otoman e veze broudet ar galloudoù europat war atiz ar Stadoù morel italiat, (<a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a> e penn anezho) da lakaat galloud an impalaeriezh da zigreskiñ pa voent trec'h warnañ en emgann war vor <a href="/wiki/Emgann_Lepanto" title="Emgann Lepanto">Lepanto</a>, e <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>. Ne c'hellas ket <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_ar_Meurdezus" title="Suleiman ar Meurdezus">Suleyman I</a> kemer <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Enez Valta</a> e 1535 kennebeut.<br /> Adalek fin ar <a href="/wiki/XVIvet_kantved" title="XVIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> ne c'hounezas ket mui an Durked otoman tiriadoù nevez hag ez eas war wanaat o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levezon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levezon (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">levezon</a> en Europa. An harz gant tiriadoù an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasbourged&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasbourged (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Hasbourged</a> a chomas en e lec'h daoust d'un nebeud <a href="/wiki/Emgann" title="Emgann">emgannoù</a> evit kemer un nebeud <a href="/wiki/Kre%C3%B1vlec%27h" title="Kreñvlec'h">kreñvlec'hioù</a>. Ne c'helle ket mui al lu otoman astenn e linennoù pourvezerezh pa veze ret dezhañ bezañ prest d'ober brezel war div dalbenn, hini <a href="/wiki/Aostria" title="Aostria">Aostria</a> hag hini Persia.<br /> Dre forzh bezañ re virour e chomas a-dreñv d'al luioù all e-keñver modernaat an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armadur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">armadurioù</a> tra ma kolle <a href="/wiki/Marc%27hegiezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc'hegiezh">marc'hegiezh</a> ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipahi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sipahi</a> hec'h efedusted. Izeloc'h e teuas da vezañ live an tutañ soudarded pa greske korf ar "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeni_Djeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeni Djeri (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Yeni Djeri</a>" (Bagad nevez), hemañ eus ar barrekañ, met techet d'en em sevel alies ha da zibab ar sultan nevez e-doug ar <a href="/wiki/XVIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. </p><p>Pa oa bet degaset kementadoù bras a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metal_prizius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metal prizius (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vetaloù prizius</a> eus ar <a href="/wiki/Bed_Nevez" title="Bed Nevez">Bed Nevez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arc%27hant" title="Arc'hant">arc'hant</a>, dreist-holl) gant ar <a href="/wiki/Spagn" title="Spagn">Spagnoled</a> e oa bet didalvoudekaet ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moneiz_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moneiz otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">moneiz otoman</a> hag e tiwanas ur <a href="/wiki/Monc%27hwez" title="Monc'hwez">monc'hwez</a> gorrek ha diehan. Diwar ar c'hudennoù armerzhel-se e anadas emzalc'hioù er-maez al lezenn, emsavadegoù en Anatolia ha <a href="/wiki/Taol-stad" title="Taol-stad">taolioù-stad</a> renet gant ar "Yeni djeri" e-korf ar <a href="/wiki/XVIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. </p><p>Koulskoude e kas ar riez otoman an nerzh evit lakaat he frammoù politikel ha milourel da azazaat. Ar sultan brezelour, <a href="/wiki/Murat_IV" title="Murat IV">Murat IV</a>, a adkemeras <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>) ha <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> (<a href="/wiki/1639" title="1639">1639</a>) diwar-goust ar Bersed. Hemañ, avat, eo ar sultan diwezhañ a zo bet e penn e lu. <br /> Koll a reas e warlec'hidi o c'hontroll war ar gouarnamant hag al lu hag ez eas ar galloud gwirion da liveoù all eus ar framm politikel evel tud an <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">Harem</a> pe, e-pad ur pennad, ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vizir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vizir (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Vizir</a>. Penn ar gouarnamant a yeas da <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köprülü (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Mehmet Köprülü</a>, ur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilstourmerezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilstourmerezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">c'hilstourmer</a> anezhañ ha d'e vab, bervet e benn un tamm hag e c'hellas an impalaeriezh, daoust da bouez divent ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burokratiezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burokratiezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vurokratiezh</a>, tapout tiriadoù nevez e <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a>, Su Ukraina ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Podolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podolia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Podolia</a>. </p><p>Diwar drec'h an Aostrianed hag ar <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Boloniaiz</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emgann_Vienna_(1683)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emgann Vienna (1683) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emgann Vienna (1683)</a> e voe gwanaet galloud ar Sultan ken e oa ret dezhañ sinañ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_Karlowitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev Karlowitz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Feur-emglev Karlowitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>. Lezel a rae d'an <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_Santel" class="mw-redirect" title="Impalaeriezh Santel">Impalaeriezh Santel</a>: <a href="/wiki/Treuzsilvania" title="Treuzsilvania">Treuzsilvania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morea (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Morea</a> (Su <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hres" class="mw-redirect" title="Bro-C'hres">Bro-C'hres</a>) ha da Bolonia e leze Podolia. Digempouezet e voe an impalaeriezh otoman pa oa rediet anavezout an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_santel_roman_ha_german&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impalaeriezh santel roman ha german (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Impalaeriezh santel</a> evel ur gostezenn wir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diskar_an_impalaeriezh">Diskar an impalaeriezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Diskar an impalaeriezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Diskar an impalaeriezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E daou amzervezh e vezer boas da zeskrivañ ar mare ma'z eas an impalaeriezh war-ziribin : mare ar sac'hadur (<a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>-<a href="/wiki/1827" title="1827">1827</a>) pa oa kollet darn eus tiriadoù ar C'hornôg adkemeret gant <a href="/wiki/Aostria" title="Aostria">Aostria</a>, ha pa chomas start a-walc'h koulskoude e roll politikel en Europa ha mare an diskar (1827-<a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>) pa gollas ar Sultan tiriadoù war pep harz ha pa gouezhas ar <a href="/wiki/Gouarnamant" title="Gouarnamant">gouarnamant</a> kreiz dindan dorn pennoù ar proviñsoù. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flakadur_ar_vro_hag_adreizhadennoù_(1699-1827)"><span id="Flakadur_ar_vro_hag_adreizhadenno.C3.B9_.281699-1827.29"></span>Flakadur ar vro hag adreizhadennoù (1699-1827)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Flakadur ar vro hag adreizhadennoù (1699-1827)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Flakadur ar vro hag adreizhadennoù (1699-1827)"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E-pad ar prantad flakadur e tapas Aostria diframmañ kalz eus he ziriadoù er <a href="/wiki/Balkanio%C3%B9" title="Balkanioù">Balkanioù</a> digant an impalaeriezh ha <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> a gemeras lodennoù eus he ziriad ivez. Lodennoù eus an impalaeriezh a oa pell diouzh kalon ar Stad a zeuas da vezañ dizalc'h a anv hag a gouezhas dindan levezon Bro-C'hall (<a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>) ha Breizh-Veur (<a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>). En <abbr title="18vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVIII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved, ar galloud kreizennet a oa betek neuze a oa gwanaet hag ar proviñsoù a oa renet gant o gouarnourien gant a bep seurt liveoù emrenerezh. </p><p>Ar prantad flakadur hir eus an impalaeriezh zo gwelet gant an istorourien evel ur maread adreizhadennoù c'hwitet. E lodenn ziwezhañ ar prantad-se e oa adreizhadennoù war dachenn an deskadurezh hag an deknologiezh, en o mesk diazezidigezh ensavadurioù deskadurezh uhel nevez evel Skol-Veur teknik Istanbul. Brud vras he doa ar skiantoù hag an deknologiezh ottoman e-doug ar grennamzer, da-heul ar c'henlakadur kaset da benn gant ar ouizieien ottoman eus an oberennoù klasel gant ar brederouriezh islamek hag ar <a href="/wiki/Matematik" title="Matematik">matematik</a>, hag a-drugarez da anaoudegezh dizoloadennoù sinaat evel ar poultr pe ar <a href="/wiki/Nadoz-vor" title="Nadoz-vor">nadoz-vor tredanwarellek</a>. E-doug ar prantad nevez avat e oa deuet an aergelc'h ar Stad da vezañ kilstourmer ha mirour. gwild ar skriverien a embannas e oa ar <a href="/wiki/Moullerezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Moullerezh">moullerezh</a> un "ijinadenn eus an diaoul", ha kiriek e oant bet eus un dale 43 vloaz etre e ijinadenn gant <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> en Europa e 1450 hag e implij er gevredigezh ottoman a-drugarez d'ar voullerezh diazezet e <a href="/wiki/Kergustentin" title="Kergustentin">Kergustentin</a> gant ur yuzev a orin eus Bro-Spagn e 1493. Kalz Yuzevien o doa divroet en impalaeriezh goude bezañ achapet kuit a-dre krabanoù ar goulennataerezh santel goude 1492. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marevezh_an_tulipez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marevezh an tulipez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Marevezh an tulipez</a> (pe <i>Lâle Devri</i> e <a href="/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg">turkeg</a>), a oa badezet evel-henn abalamour da garantez ar sultan <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_III" title="Ahmet III">Ahmet III</a> evit ar bokedoù-se, a vez graet eus ren ar sultan-se. Etre <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a> ha <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a> e renas ar peoc'h er vro goude trec'h an Otomaned war Rusia e brezel 1712 hag ar feur-emglev sinet e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_Passarowitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev Passarowitz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Passarowitz</a> .<br /> Kregiñ reas an impalaeriezh da greñvaat mogeriadurioù ar c'hêrioù tost d'ar balkanioù a-benn bezañ difennet gwelloc'h a-enep ar Stadoù european. Adreizhadennoù all a oa lakaet e plas. En diabarzh e voe izelaet an tailhoù, ha strivet e oa da wellat brud ar melestradurezh a oa adkempennet. Harpet e oa an embregerezhioù hag ar postañ arc'hant prevez. </p><p>Kregiñ a reas ar strivoù da adreizhañ an arme ottoman gant ar Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_III" title="Selim III">Selim III</a> (1789-1807) a reas ar c'hentañ strivoù bras a-benn modernaat al lu otoman hervez pennaennoù an armeoù europat, met diharpet e oa ar strivoù-se gant ar c'hostezennoù kilstourmer, hini an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oulema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oulema (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">oulemaed</a> evit lod ha dreist-holl hini ar "Yeni Djeri" ivez (ar janisared), a zifenne groñs o dreistgwirioù hag a enebe start ouzh ar c'hemmoù. Strivoù Selim a goustas dezhañ e dron hag e vuhez met digollet e voe en un doare mantrus ha gwadek gant e hêr, Mac'hmoud II, a lazherias korf ar janisared e 1826. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_diskar_hag_an_nevesaat_(1828-1908)"><span id="An_diskar_hag_an_nevesaat_.281828-1908.29"></span>An diskar hag an nevesaat (1828-1908)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Kemmañ ar rann : An diskar hag an nevesaat (1828-1908)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: An diskar hag an nevesaat (1828-1908)"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klask a reas ar sultan <a href="/wiki/Mahmut_II" title="Mahmut II">Mahmut II</a> mirout ouzh an impalaeriezh a vont war ziskar oc'h embann firman (gourc'hemenn) an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzimat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzimat (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tanzimat</a> (tanzimat = adkempenn) e <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>. Urzhiañ a reas ma vo kemmet an <a href="/wiki/Dilhad" title="Dilhad">dilhad</a> hag an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lifre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lifre (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">lifreoù</a>. Adframmet e oa ar melestradurezh ha renad <a href="/wiki/Perc%27henniezh" title="Perc'henniezh">perc'henniezh</a> an douaroù. Broudet e oa an Durked d'ober evel ma rae Europiz e-keñver ar <a href="/wiki/Savouriezh" title="Savouriezh">savouriezh</a> hag an <a href="/wiki/Teknik" title="Teknik">teknikoù</a>.<br /> Dibosubl e oe evit ar galloud turk chom a-blom gant ar riezoù all pa kreske muioc'h-muiañ o galloudoù koulskoude. E mare an Tanzimat e oe arnevezet ar <a href="/wiki/Bank" class="mw-disambig" title="Bank">bankoù</a>, savet ul lu modernoc'h gant an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenn_soudarded&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenn soudarded (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">tenn soudarded</a> hollek ha kemmet ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korf-micher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korf-micher (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">c'horfou-micher</a> da embregerezhioù.<br /> Diasterioù armerzhel a chome pa ne c'helle ket mui an Durked bezañ dizleet diouzh ar bankoù europat ha dre-se ne c'hellent ket mui herzel ouzh gwask o enebourien. Prestet e oe <a href="/wiki/Kiprenez" title="Kiprenez">Kiprenez</a> da <a href="/wiki/Breizh-Veur" title="Breizh-Veur">Vreizh-Veur</a> e <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a> evit kaout grasoù ar Saozon e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kendalc%27h_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kendalc'h Berlin (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kendalc'h Berlin</a> p'o doa bet trec'het an Otomaned gant Rusia er bloaz a-raok.<br /> Ur <a href="/wiki/Politikerezh" title="Politikerezh">politikerezh</a> emglevioù graet tro-ha-tro gant ar riezoù all e oe rediet ar sultan sevel diouzh an amzer. E-giz-se e asantas an Durked en em unaniñ gant <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hall" title="Bro-C'hall">Bro-C'hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breizh-Veur" title="Breizh-Veur">Breizh-Veur</a> hag an <a href="/wiki/Izelvroio%C3%B9" title="Izelvroioù">Izelvroioù</a> evit brezeliñ ouzh <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> e-pad <a href="/wiki/Brezel_Krimea" title="Brezel Krimea">Brezel Krimea</a> (1854-1855). </p><p>En [[<abbr title="19vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved]] e teuas war wel luskad ar <a href="/wiki/Broadelouriezh" title="Broadelouriezh">vroadelouriezh</a> hag e tizhas tiriadoù europat an impalaeriezh er <a href="/wiki/Balkano%C3%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanoù">Balkanoù</a> hag ar bet-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pri%C3%B1selezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priñselezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">priñselezhioù</a> tro-dro d'an <a href="/wiki/Danav" title="Danav">Danav</a>. Gwasket e oa ar riez turk etre an dezev aloubiñ o doa e amezeien hag goulennoù broadel an diabarzh hag e veze soutenet an eil gant ar re gentañ peurvuiañ. Evit ar sujidi turk otoman e veze diaes kompren eus ar pezh a oa kiriek politikerezh ar galloud kreiz : ma ne yae ket mat en-dro ar vro, daoust hag eñ e teue eus an diabarzh pe eus an diavaez? </p><p>E <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> ec'h embannas <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valakia" title="Valakia">Valakia</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dizalc%27hted&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dizalc'hted (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">dizalc'htedoù</a>. Pa yeas Rusia da vrezel evit o difenn e oe trec'het al lu otoman hag e chomas dizalc'h Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Roumania" title="Roumania">Roumania</a> ha Montenegro diwar ar <a href="/wiki/Feur-emglev" title="Feur-emglev">feurioù-emglev</a> sinet e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_San_Stefano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev San Stefano (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">San Stefano</a> hag e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev Berlin (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Berlin</a> e <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole(1996)-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png/180px-London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png/270px-London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png/360px-London_news_c1877_-_scanned_constantinopole%281996%29-Opening_of_the_first_parlement.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Digoridigezh an dael otoman kentañ, 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a> e krogas Marevezh ar Bonreizh kentañ (<i>Birinci Meşrûtiyet Devri</i> e <a href="/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg">turkeg</a>), met ne badas ket ar gournamant bonreizhel. Un taol-stad a oe graet e <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a> dindan levezon luskad an adkempennerien a veze graet an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otomaned_yaouank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomaned yaouank (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Otomaned yaouank</a> eus outo. Rediet e voe <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClaziz_(sultan)" title="Abdülaziz (sultan)">Abdülaziz</a> da lezel e dron d'e vreur <a href="/wiki/Murat_V" title="Murat V">Murat V</a>, met hemañ, ur pennfoll anezhañ, ne renas nemet 3 miz. </p><p>Ul lusk a oa bet roet d'an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otomanouriez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otomanouriez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">otomanouriez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ideologiezh" title="Ideologiezh">ideologiezh</a> an Otomaned yaouank hag ne c'hellas ket ar sultan nevez, <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamit_II" title="Abdülhamit II">Abdülhamit II</a>, nac'hañ ma vo staliet un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unpenniezh_bonreizhel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unpenniezh bonreizhel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">unpenniezh bonreizhel</a>. Embannet e vo ar <a href="/wiki/Bonreizh" title="Bonreizh">bonreizh</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kan%C3%BBn-%C4%B1_Es%C3%A2s%C3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanûn-ı Esâsî (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kanûn-ı Esâsî</a></i> e turkeg), met ne badas ket ar pleustr muioc'h eget daou vloaz. Lesanvet e veze "Den klañv Europa" an impalaeriezh, met ne davee ket an dra d'ar stad armerzhel a veze gwelloc'h-gwellañ, met d'an distok sevenadurel ha frammadurel a chome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispennadur">Dispennadur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Dispennadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Dispennadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png/200px-Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png/300px-Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png/400px-Ottoman-Empire-Public-Demo.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Manifestadeg e karter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultanahmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultanahmet (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sultanahmet</a> e Istanbul, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emsavadeg" title="Emsavadeg">emsavadegoù</a> er Balkanoù a lakaas galloud ar sultan Abdulhamid II da wanaat ken e tleas adlakaat e pleustr bonreizh 1876 dindan gwask ul luskad politikel nevez ha ledan, an Durked yaouank (<i>Jön Türkler</i> e turkeg), ken ez eus bet un Eil Marevezh bonreizhel ('Ikiinci Meşrûtiyet Devri<i> e turkeg). Renet e oe aferioù ar riez gant Kengor Unaniezh hag Araokadur ( </i>İttihâd ve Terakkî Cemiyeti<i> e turkeg).</i> </p><p>E <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> e tarzhas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezelio%C3%B9_ar_Balkano%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezelioù ar Balkanoù (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Brezelioù ar Balkanoù</a> p'en doa aloubet <a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> al lu italiat e 1911. E Mae <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> e stalias ar riezoù dizalc'h nevez, Serbia, ha <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> feurioù-emglev gant <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hres" class="mw-redirect" title="Bro-C'hres">Bro-C'hres</a> evit lakaat an arigrap war <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Makedonia">Makedonia</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>. <br /> Brezel kentañ ar Balkanoù a darzhas diwar ar feur-emglev etre Serbia ha Bulgaria a glaske rannañ Makedonia etrezo. Koll a reas tiriadoù zo an impalaeriezh, met e teuas sachoù-blev etre ar riezoù unanet ken e adtapas anezho e-pad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eil_Vrezel_ar_Balkano%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eil Vrezel ar Balkanoù (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Eil Vrezel ar Balkanoù</a>.<br /> Mont a reas da vrezeliñ ouzh Serbia ar gouarnamant otoman pa oa bet dismegañset ganti.<br /> Ne veze ket an impalaeriezh otoman ezel "Unaniezh an Triad", met dre ma oa daeet gant Serbia goude <a href="/wiki/Gwalldaol_Sarajevo" title="Gwalldaol Sarajevo">Gwalldaol Sarajevo</a> ez eas da vrezeliñ ouzh <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, diwaller Serbia hag e kemeras perzh er <a href="/wiki/Brezel-bed_kenta%C3%B1" title="Brezel-bed kentañ">Brezel-bed kentañ</a>. E derou ar brezel eo bet gouest bezañ trec'h war ar Rusianed, ar Vreizhveuriz ha ar C'hallaoued, al lu renet gant pennoù turk nevez hag ofiserien alaman en <a href="/wiki/Dardanello%C3%B9" title="Dardanelloù">Dardanelloù</a> (<a href="/wiki/Strizh-mor" title="Strizh-mor">strizh-mor</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87anakkale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çanakkale (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Çanakkale</a>) hag e Kut, met ne c'helljod ket lakaat un harp d'ar Rusianed er <a href="/wiki/Kaokaz" title="Kaokaz">C'haokaz</a> ha diskaret an nerzh rusian goude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispac%27h_27_a_viz_Here_1917&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispac'h 27 a viz Here 1917 (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Dispac'h 27 a viz Here 1917</a> ez eas da goll koulskoude ar veli durk e <a href="/wiki/Mezopotamia" title="Mezopotamia">Mezopotamia</a> hag <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> diwar atiz an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emsavadeg_arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emsavadeg arab (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emsavadeg arab</a> skoazellet gant al lu breizhveuriat (<a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> aloubet gantañ e 1917). Pa oe gouest an Durked aloubiñ <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a> e tlejod kannañ ouzh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harzherezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harzherezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">harzherezh</a> an Armenianed o chom e <a href="/wiki/Van_(provi%C3%B1s)" title="Van (proviñs)">Proviñs Van</a> o doa krouet ur gouarnamant e miz Mae <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>. Rebechiñ a reas d'an Armenianed ar gouarnamant turk bezañ liammet gant an enebour rusian a aloube er mare-se reter Armenia. Bezen Armenia ha strolladoù soudarded armenian a-youl-vat a gemeras an armoù betek ma vo savet e dibenn 1917 Republik demokratel Armenia gouarnet gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevre_dispac%27hel_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevre dispac'hel Armenia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kevre dispac'hel Armenia</a>.<br /> D'ar 24 a viz Ebrel e embannas, ministr an Aferioù diabarzh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talat_Pacha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talat Pacha (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Talat Pacha</a>, ma vo harzet pep ezel eus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevre_dispac%27hel_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevre dispac'hel Armenia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kevre dispac'hel Armenia</a> ha kaset o <a href="/wiki/Familh" class="mw-disambig" title="Familh">familhoù</a> pelloc'h er Su, da lavaret eo e <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>. Jedet eo bet gant darnvuiañ an istorourien eo bet lazhet pe lakaet da vervel war-dro 1 milion hanter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenianed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenianed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Armenianed</a> e-korf ar brezel, nannsoudarded peurvuiañ. Termenet e vez gant meur a skolveuriad evel ur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouennlazhadeg_an_Armenianed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouennlazhadeg an Armenianed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gouennlazhadeg</a> hag an hini kentañ er <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. Koulkskoude eo bet nac'het gant pep a gouarnamant ez eus bet ur gouennlazhadeg. Pouezañ a reont war ar perzh m'o dije kemeret e lazhadegoù Armenianed aozadurioù turk dilezenn pe ar <a href="/wiki/Kurded" title="Kurded">Gurded</a>. Ouzhpenn-se e vije marvet lod an Armenianed forbannet pa oa izel o stad diwar ar brezel ha e vije marvet miliadoù ha miliadoù muzulmaned e dirollerezh an emgannoù diabarzh.<br /> Goude <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsav-brezel_Mudros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsav-brezel Mudros (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">arsav-brezel Mudros</a> hag <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feur-emglev_S%C3%A8vres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feur-emglev Sèvres (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">feur-emglev Sèvres</a> e tivizas kevredidi drec'hour <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emglev_an_Triad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emglev an Triad (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Emglev an Triad</a> ma vo lodennet an impalaeriezh otoman ken ne vije ket mui ur galloud turk. <a href="/wiki/Bro-C%27hres" class="mw-redirect" title="Bro-C'hres">Bro-C'hres</a> a veze da resev aod ar Mor Egaios, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> aod ar Su war ar Mor Kreizdouarel, Breizh-Veur ha Bro-C'hall ur c'hefridi evit merañ an tiriadoù arabek hag e veze da staliañ un <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> hag ur <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">C'hurdistan</a> bras awalc'h pa vije bet an daou <a href="/wiki/Strizh-mor" title="Strizh-mor">strizh-mor</a> hag Istanbul dindan ur veli vroadel.<br /> E <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feur-emglev_Lausanne_(1923)" title="Feur-emglev Lausanne (1923)">Feur-emglev Lausanne</a> a gadarnaas kefridioù Breizh-Veur ha Bro-C'hall, met e oe nullet raktres lodenniñ Anatolia abalamour da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brezel_Dizalc%27hidigezh_Turkia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brezel Dizalc'hidigezh Turkia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vrezel Dizalc'hidigezh Turkia</a>. </p><p>Diwar garventez an divizoù a-enep ar galloud turk e savas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luskad_Broadel_Turkia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luskad Broadel Turkia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Luskad Broadel Turkia</a> renet gant <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> evit lakaat an Durked da skarzhañ ar Gevredidi. D'an 23 a viz Ebrel <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>, Ensavadur Luskad Broadel Turkia a vodas e <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> evit sevel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodadeg_Broadel_Bras_Turkia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodadeg Broadel Bras Turkia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Bodadeg Broadel Bras</a> (<i>Büyük Millet Meclisi</i>). Al lu nevez, Lu ar Bobl, a skarzhas an nerzhioù breizhveuriat, gall hag italiat kuit. Adkemer kontroll a reas ar <a href="/wiki/Bosfor" title="Bosfor">strizhoù-mor</a> an Durked ha pa 'z aloubjod Kergustentin e tisklêrjod ne oa ket mui a impalaerezh d'an <a href="/wiki/1_Du" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Du">1 a viz Du</a> <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>. <br /> Dre Feur-Emglev Lausanne (<a href="/wiki/29_Here" title="29 Here">29 a viz Here</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>) eo bet krouet Republik Turkia ez-ofisiel. Forbannet ha kaset en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlu (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">harlu</a> e oe bet ar sultan diwezhañ, <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_VI" title="Mehmet VI">Mehmet VI Vahdettin</a> (1918-1922) gant e familh hag e goskor nesañ. D'an <a href="/w/index.php?title=3_Meurz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3 Meurz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">3 a viz Meurz</a> <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> e oe disklêriet ne oa ket mui a <a href="/wiki/Kalifiezh" title="Kalifiezh">galifiezh</a> (pennaen ar c'halif o ren ar feizidi muzulman). Hanter-kant bloaz goude e asantas Bodadeg Broadel bras <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> ma vo roet keodedouriezh Turkia da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ertu%C4%9Frul_Osman_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ertuğrul Osman V (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Ertuğrul Osman V</a>, diskennad ar sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_V" title="Mehmet V">Mehmet V</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aozadur_ar_Stad">Aozadur ar Stad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Aozadur ar Stad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Aozadur ar Stad"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pa vez dave d'ar stad otoman e veze kaoz eus an "Nor gaerrañ" (<i>Bâb-ı Âlî</i> e <a href="/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg">turkeg</a> hag <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a>). Houmañ a zo unan eus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palez_Topkap%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palez Topkapı (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">palez Topkapı</a>, an hini nemeti a veze digoret d'an estrenien, ar <a href="/wiki/Kannati" title="Kannati">gannadourien</a> estren en o zouezh. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_(1996)_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_%281996%29_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png/200px-JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_%281996%29_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_%281996%29_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png/300px-JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_%281996%29_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/JNdelespinassec1787_-scanned_from_constantinopole_%281996%29_-_A_public_office_in_istanbul.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption>Burokratiezh otoman</figcaption></figure> <p>Barregezhioù an holl a veze implijet gant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melestradur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melestradur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">melestradur</a> ar riez otoman. </p><p>E kemm gant meur a riez e oa laouen an impalaeriezh otoman implijout er melestradurezh ar Gresianed (hag ar gristenien all), ar <a href="/wiki/Yuzevien" title="Yuzevien">Yuzevien</a> koulz hag ar Vuzulmaned. Pa kreskas buan-tre gorre an tiriadoù e oe ezhomm bras eus barregezhioù Gresianed ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fener (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Fanar</a> (karter e kreiz Kergustentin), an Armenianed, ar Serbed, ar Vosnied hag an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungariz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hungariz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Hungariz</a> ha meur a bobl all. Gwelet e vez sklaer dre ma oa ar <a href="/wiki/Gresianeg" title="Gresianeg">gresianeg</a>, yezh an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatiezh" title="Diplomatiezh">diplomatiezh</a> e derou an impalaeriezh. <br /> Klasket e veze da gentañ kontrolliñ ar <a href="/wiki/Beleg" title="Beleg">belegoù</a> hag ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kloareg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kloareg (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">gloer</a> evel e rae an <a href="/wiki/Impalaeriezh_roman_ar_Reter" title="Impalaeriezh roman ar Reter">impalaerien vizantat</a>. Miret eo bet an dalc'helezh turk levezonet gant amzer ar c'hantreal. Gant hengounioù degaset eus <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> e veze staliet pennaennoù ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justis (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Justis</a>. Da skouere veze al lezioù-barn kadoriet gant ur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">kadi</a> gopret gant melestradurezh ar Sultan war eeun. Dre vras, un meskaj hengounioù ha pleustroù, niverus o orinoù, a veze implijet er melestradur otoman. </p><p>En derou, ne glaskas ket an Otomaned korvoiñ hervez ur program pinvidigezhioù armerzhel an impalaeriezh pa vezent kentoc'h melestrerien. Reolet e veze ar prizioù hag ar pourveziñ evit ma chom stabil ar gevredigezh ha sammad an tailhoù ouzhpenn. Biskoazh n'eo bet klasket kreskiñ ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Produadur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Produadur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">produadur</a> d'al live uhellañ hag e veze ar c'henwerzh e dornioù an nann-muzulmaned evit an darnvuiañ. Pal ar <a href="/wiki/Riez" title="Riez">riez</a> ne oa ket armerzhel, met relijiel, da lavaret eo difenn ha ledanaat douaroù ar Vuzulmaned en ur c'hlask kaout harzoù e peoc'h. War an holl e veze roet ar priz uhelañ da reizhded ar relijion <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> ha da bri an dinastiez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiegezh_Osman">Tiegezh Osman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Tiegezh Osman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Tiegezh Osman"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ne oa nemet ur rener en impalaeriezh, ar Sultan, anvet ar <i>Padichah</i> (Aotrou ar roueed) ha pa ne vez ket an holl traou en e dorn. Arouez ha enkorfadur ar gouarnamant e oa. </p><p>Ur bennaen e oa evit dibab ar sultaned : e tlefe unan eus <a href="/wiki/Mab" title="Mab">mibien</a> ar Sultan aet d'an <a href="/wiki/Anaon" title="Anaon">Anaon</a> bezañ e warlec'hiad. Mibien ar sultanez a veze war ar renk kentañ ha e veze roet un <a href="/wiki/Deskadurezh" title="Deskadurezh">deskadurezh</a> a-zoare d'ar mab, en doa diskouzet e varregezhioù diwar goust ar re nebeut donezonet. </p><p>Koulskoude eo bet c'hoarvezet unneg gwech m'eo bet didronet ar Sultan, met kreñv eo chomet an <a href="/wiki/Tierniezh" title="Tierniezh">tierniezh</a> e-doug an hir a prantad m'eo bet o ren (9 kantved) pa n'eus ket bet nemet daou daol-arnod evit he diwriziennañ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harem_ar_Sultan">Harem ar Sultan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Harem ar Sultan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Harem ar Sultan"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unan eus ar galloudoù ma rene lodenn aferioù an impalaeriezh eo bet an <a href="/wiki/Harem_Impalaeriel_Otoman" title="Harem Impalaeriel Otoman">Harem Impalaeriel Otoman</a>, da lavaret eo gwragez ha lesgrwagez ar sultan hag ar re a rae war-dro. Penn an harem e oa ar sultanez "Valide", anvet ivez <i>Baş Kadın</i> (Penn Itron), mamm ar sultan o ren. Ur <a href="/wiki/Renk" class="mw-redirect" title="Renk">renk</a> uhel a oa dezhañ e lez an impalaeriezh ha meur a wech e reas perzh gant politikerezh kreiz ar riez unan anezho Er XVIvet hag er XVIIvet kantved e c'hounezas mammoù ar sultaned ur c'hontroll ledan war an aferioù ken e vez anvet ar prantad "Sultanad ar vaouezed" (<i>Kadınlar Saltanatı</i>). </p><p>Un aozadur dibar e oa d'an Harem hag reolennoù diabarzh resis. Dindan ar <a href="/wiki/Valide_Sultan" title="Valide Sultan">sultanez Valide</a> e oa ar sultanez Haseki, houmañ mamm da vab henañ ar Sultan pa oa hemañ ar warlec'hiad gwirheñvel. Ar peder wreg ofisiel all, anvet <i>Haseki Kadın</i>, a zeue goude. An eiz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lezgwreg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lezgwreg (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">lezgwreg</a> ofisiel (<i>ikbâl</i>s pe <i>hâs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odalisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odalisk (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">odalık</a></i>) en doa ar renk izelloc'h gant al lezgwragez all (<i>gözde</i>). <br />Goude-se e teue lezgwragez pennoù bras al lez hag an deskardezed, ar merc'hed yaouank prest da vezañ dimezet en o zouezh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skolioù_ar_palezioù"><span id="Skolio.C3.B9_ar_palezio.C3.B9"></span>Skolioù ar palezioù</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Skolioù ar palezioù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Skolioù ar palezioù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E <a href="/wiki/Skol" title="Skol">skolioù</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Palez" title="Palez">palezioù</a> e veze stummet paotred yaouank kristen (<i>Devşirme</i>) kemeret evel un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Truaj (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">truaj</a> er broioù kristen aloubet. Tri balez a oa gant ur skol enno, hini <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> (bet kêr-benn a-raok 1453), hini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galata (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Galata</a> ("Galatasaray(ı)") e Kergustentin ha hini Ibrahim Pacha e Kergustentin ivez.<br /> Goude seizh bloaz o studiañ e veze prest ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baotred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baotred (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">baotred</a> bezañ sekretourien pennoù bras pe ofiserien er marc'hegezh pe e lu ar <i>Yeni Ceri</i>. Ar re wellañ a veze roet renkoù uhel e melestradurezh ar riez e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palez_Topkapi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palez Topkapi (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Palez Topkapi</a> (<i>Topkapısarayı</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_Divan_(Kuzul_ar_sultan)_hag_ar_gouarnamant"><span id="An_Divan_.28Kuzul_ar_sultan.29_hag_ar_gouarnamant"></span>An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Divan</a> (Kuzul ar sultan) hag ar <a href="/wiki/Gouarnamant" title="Gouarnamant">gouarnamant</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Kemmañ ar rann : An Divan (Kuzul ar sultan) hag ar gouarnamant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: An Divan (Kuzul ar sultan) hag ar gouarnamant"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gouarnet e oa an impalaeriezh gant kuzul ar sultan, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divan (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Divan</a>, hag e veze anvet ar gouarnamant evel-se. Aze e veze kemeret <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disentez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disentez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">disentezioù</a> pouezusañ (firmân-ioù) dindan dreistelezh ar Sultan. En Divan e veze daeloù war kondu an impalaeriezh hep ma oa ezvezant ar Sultan. Kaset eo keloù war alioù an Divan d'ar Sultan gant ar Penn<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vizir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vizir (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vizir</a> ha hennez ne oa ket rediet heuliañ alioù e guzulierien. Tri vizir a zo bet ezel ar Divan eus ar [[<abbr title="14vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIV</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved]] betek ar [[<abbr title="17vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved]] ha goude-se unneg, met pevar, ar re-se Vizired ar Volz-to, a oa ar re bennañ asamblez gant ar Penn Vizir. </p><p>E derou ar riez otoman, pa ne oa nemet ur "beylik" en em vode en Divan tud koshañ ar <a href="/wiki/Meuriad" title="Meuriad">meuriad</a>, met tamm ha tamm e teuas pennoù bras politikel, relijiel ha milourel hag e vez graet eus ar guzulierien ar vizired. Goude <a href="/wiki/1320" title="1320">1320</a> e oa anvet ur Penn Vizir (pe "Sadrazam") karget seveniñ atebegezhioù ar Sultan e gwezhioù zo. Pa veze lavaret eus an "Nor dispar-kenañ" e veze kaoz eus dor palez ar Penn Vizir evit daveiñ d'ar gouarnamant en e bezh. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannadour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannadour (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kannadourien</a> ar broioù estren a veze degemeret er palez-se gant ar sultan.<br /> C'hoarvezet eo bet m'eo bet aotrouniezh ar Penn Vizir ingal da hini ar sultan ha gwezhigoù zo kreñvoc'h. </p><p>Goude Dispac'h an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turked_yaouank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turked yaouank (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Durked yaouank</a> e <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> ez eas an impalaeriezh otoman da vezañ un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unpenniezh_bonreizhel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unpenniezh bonreizhel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">unpenniezh bonreizhel</a> ha ne oa ket mui un organ-erounit. En <a href="/wiki/Dael" title="Dael">Dael</a> e veze dileuridi ar proviñsoù. </p><p>Pa oa an impalaeriezh e barr ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloudegezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloudegezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">galloudegezh</a> a oa 29 proviñs ennañ, mui div priñselezh truajer, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treuzsilvania" title="Treuzsilvania">Treuzsilvania</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Valakia" title="Valakia">Valakia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kevredigezh">Kevredigezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kevredigezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kevredigezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mirout a unaniezh e-keñver ar galloud ha pa veze pobloù ken disheñvel dindan e veli a zo bet unan eus an taolioù-kaer graet gant an impalaer otoman. Dre e nerzh milourel evit abafiñ ha kontroll strizh an tiriadoù nevez aloubet eo bet kaset da benn ar c'hendelc'her.<br /> Hervez pennaennoù an islam e-keñver gwarez an dud o doa ur <a href="/wiki/Relijion" title="Relijion">relijion</a> pe kristen pe yuzev e veze lezet lezet pobloù al Levr ((<i>Ahl al-Kitâb</i>) er <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">C'horan</a>) aozañ o buhez e peoc'h gant m'o doa paet o zailhoù ha asantet da renk kentañ roet d'ar vuzulmaned, ar re-se ar bihanniver.<br /> Ken abret eget ren <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II" title="Mehmet II">Mehmet II</a> eo bet roet gwirioù a-bouez d'ar Gresianed hag e klaskas an Otomaned sachañ ar Yuzevien ma teuint da chom war o ziriadoù. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keal_ar_vroad">Keal ar vroad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Keal ar vroad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Keal ar vroad"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pep a gumuniezh relijiel en doa droad sevel e "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Millet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millet (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">millet</a>" dezhi hag e c'helle mirout he <a href="/wiki/Hengoun" title="Hengoun">hengounioù</a>, he <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuzegezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuzegezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">stuzegezhioù</a>,h e yezhoù dindan gwaez hollek ar sultan. Pennoù ar "milletoù" a oa pennoù relijiel o doa ur roll politikel ivez ken e vezent prest da virout o galloudoù ha servijout an impalaeriezh evit-se. E-pad kantvedoù e chomas kreñv an impalaeriezh dre m'en doa diskouezet e oa prest da gouzañviñ an diforc'hioù broadel. Met, pa teuas ar <a href="/wiki/Broadelouriezh" title="Broadelouriezh">vroadelouriezh</a> da greskiñ, ne c'hellas ket sevel un harz outi hag ez eas da get ha p'en deus esaet en azazaat dre an unpenniezh bonnreizhel e dibenn an XIXvet kantved hag e penn an XXvet kantved.<br /> Koll a reas buan perzhioù an Durked seldjoukour an d-<a href="/wiki/Tierniezh" title="Tierniezh">tierniezh</a> hag ar re-se a oe beuzet dre an euredoù gant pobloù all, met ur skouer istorel a-bouez eo p'en deus an Durked kantreer kavet ur sistem kevredigezhel a deuze <a href="/wiki/Energiezh" title="Energiezh">energiezhioù</a> an holl bobloù evit mad an impalaeriezh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sklavelezh"><a href="/wiki/Sklavelezh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklavelezh">Sklavelezh</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Sklavelezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sklavelezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>N'o doa ket an Durked kantreer <a href="/wiki/Sklav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklav">sklaved</a> pa oent e kreiz Azia. Hervez ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charia (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">charia</a>, lezenn relijiel ar Vuzulmaned, ne oa ket aotreet lakaat un den e sklavelezh pa oa heñvel an holl dud : un ene zo bet roet da bep den gant <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> - <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> 49 - 3). Ne asante ket an Otomaned d'ar sklavelezh, met lezet o deus ar pobloù o doa sklaved mirout anezho. Pa en em dro sklav pe sklav ouzh an islam e vez dishualet. Pa veze lavaret d'ur muzulman e oa ur mestr sklaved e c'helle bezañ fuloret. </p><p>Evit gwir e oa implijet ar sklaved e-barzh ar savadurioù hag e veze kemeret da geñver kerc'hadennoù en tu all d'an harzoù. Darn vuiañ ar sklaved a veze implijet ever <a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">galeourien</a> o roeñvat war ar galeoù o deus degaset ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spont (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">spont</a> war riblennoù broioù kristen er <a href="/wiki/Mor_Kreizdouarel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mor Kreizdouarel">Mor Kreizdouarel</a> er XVIvet hag er XVIIvet kantved. </p><p>Pa oa sklaved er <a href="/wiki/Kaokaz" title="Kaokaz">C'haokaz</a>, sklaved o labourat er maezioù a veze kaset gant ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirkasianed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirkasianed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Girkasianed</a> pa oa deuet tre an impalaeriezh goude 1864 e Roumania hag e Roumelia (Norzh Bro-C'hres). Pa savas bec'h etre ar Girkasianed hag an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aotrouniezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aotrouniezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">aotrouniezh</a> otoman, hemañ a yeas da reiñ skoazell d'ar sklaved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sevenadur">Sevenadur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Sevenadur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Sevenadur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Ottoman-Empire-Park.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ottoman-Empire-Park.png/200px-Ottoman-Empire-Park.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ottoman-Empire-Park.png/300px-Ottoman-Empire-Park.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ottoman-Empire-Park.png/400px-Ottoman-Empire-Park.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Park e Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <p>Pa oa liesseurt an dud a veve dindan beli an otomaned eo diaes termeniñ ur sevenadur otoman. Marteze e c'heller komz eus ur sevenadur turk-hag-otoman, ur sevenadur gresian-hag-otoman, ur sevenadur armenian-hag-otoman ha meur a re all, met ur seurt teuzadur a oa bet gant ar pennoù bras ha pa veze orinoù broadel ha relijiel liesseurt-tre dezho. An <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etredimez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etredimez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">etredimez</a> a zo bet o c'hoari ivez. </p><p>Pa dremenas an Durked oghouz a-dreuz <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a> e voent levezonet gant meur a berzh eus ar sevenadur iranat. Goude kemeridigezh Kergustentin ez eas e-barzh buhez an impalaeriezh meur stuzegezh gresian da gentañ hag europat da-c'houde, keit ha m'en em ledane ar galloud otoman e kreiz Europa. </p><p>Dre vras e veze liessevenadurel savboent an Otomaned hag e c'heller soñjal eo bet ar perzh dibar-mañ a lakaas anezhañ da dreistvevañ e-touez broioù ar <a href="/wiki/Krennamzer" title="Krennamzer">Grennamzer</a> ne vezent evit gouzañviñ re a soñjoù disheñvel. Eus an amzer ma veze an Durked o kantreal eo deuet o spered tolerañs.<br /> Diouzh ar spered-se eo bet savet ar sistem lezennel gant lezioù-barn evit pep kumuniezh hag ar gouarnerien kazi emren ivez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Savouriezh">Savouriezh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Savouriezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Savouriezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg/200px-THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg/300px-THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg/400px-THES-Bey_Hamam_plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3138" data-file-height="2187" /></a><figcaption>plan Hamam Bey e <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, 1444</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savouriezh_an_Otomaned&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savouriezh an Otomaned (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Savouriezh an Otomaned</a> a zo bet levezoned gant <a href="/wiki/Savouriezh" title="Savouriezh">savouriezh</a> an Seldjoukourien, savouriezh ar Bersed, savouriezh ar Vizantiz savouriezh ar Gresianed ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savouriezh_islamek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savouriezh islamek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">savouriezh islamek</a>, met e tapas perzhioù dezhi-he-unan. E-pad an amzervezh 1300-1453, ur c'hlask war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mennozh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mennozh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">mennozhioù</a> nevez a zo bet hag ne c'hoarvezas an tarzh nemet pa yeas an impalaeriezh ga greskiñ ha da bindivikaat. Etre 1453 ha 1600 e tiorroas an arz otoman en e stumm klasel, met e kollas an <a href="/wiki/Awen" title="Awen">awen</a>-se e-pas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oad_an_Tulbenno%C3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oad an Tulbennoù (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Oad an Tulbennoù</a> (1699-1827) pa levezon ar stiloù kinkladur troidellus europat (barocco, rococo), a dizhas an impalaeriezh asamblez gant meur a stil all.<br /> Disemglevioù zo bet evit renkañ an arz turk en e blas en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arz_islamek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arz islamek (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">arz islamek</a>. Hemañ n'eo ket diwanet eus netra pa zo bet e broioù m'eo bet diorroet arzoù koshoc'h e <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> ar Gristenien gozh ha Persia ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanourien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanourien (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sasanourien</a>. Gant meskaj elfennoù arab, persat ha turk eo bet krouet ar pezh a zo anvet an arz islamek ha n'eus ket moian dispartiañ an Durked eus krouidigezh an arz-se p'o deus savet pe renet an holl riezoù m'eo bet o tiorreiñ enno. </p><p>Er c'hontrol eo bet levezonoù deuet a-bell, evel hini ar <a href="/wiki/Boudaegezh" title="Boudaegezh">Voudaegezh</a> war <a href="/wiki/Bez" title="Bez">vez</a> Ismael ar Samanour e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boukhara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boukhara (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Boukhara</a> hag dreist-holl hini an arz sasanour pa save <a href="/w/index.php?title=Templ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templ (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">temploù</a> evit azeuliñ an tan. Evit gwir, ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolz-toenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolz-toenn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">volz-toenn</a> ha meur a elfenn savouriezh a zeu eus ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanourien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanourien (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Sasanourien</a>. </p><p>Strivoù bras a zo bet graet evit reiñ ur stumm savouriezhel ha kinkladurioù eus ar c'hoantañ d'ar <a href="/wiki/Moskeenn" title="Moskeenn">moskeennnoù</a> pa vezent-int kreiz ar vuhez lec'hel. Kavet e vez savadurioù eus ar priziusañ e-touezh ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merdersa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merdersa (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">merdersaed</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ospital" title="Ospital">ospitalioù</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamamm (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">hamammoù</a> hag ar bezioù. </p><p>Estreged brasañ kêrioù Turkia evel Edirne hag Istanbul ez eus skouerioù kaer-tre ar savouriezh otoman e <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>, Egipt, <a href="/wiki/Tunizia" title="Tunizia">Tunizia</a>, broioù ar Balkanoù ha <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a> e-lec'h m'eo bet savet <a href="/wiki/Moskeenn" title="Moskeenn">moskeennoù</a>, pontoù, feunteunioù ha skolioù e-leizh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kêrioù-penn_ar_proviñsoù"><span id="K.C3.AArio.C3.B9-penn_ar_provi.C3.B1so.C3.B9"></span>Kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù, kreizennoù ar galloud otoman, o deus bet stummet hervez levezon ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuzegezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuzegezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">stuzegezh</a> otoman. Drevezet e veze boazioù al lez otoman, met o ferzhioù a lakae war wel diforc'hioù en impalaeriezh.<br /> Hiziv e chom roudoù ar stuzegezh otoman e <a href="/wiki/Metropolenn" title="Metropolenn">metropolennoù</a> evel <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tessaloniki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tessaloniki (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Tessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">Damask</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirout" title="Beirout">Beirout</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeruzalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeruzalem (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Yeruzalem</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yezh"><a href="/wiki/Yezh" title="Yezh">Yezh</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Yezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Yezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sell ivez ouzh <a href="/wiki/Turkeg" title="Turkeg">Turkeg</a> ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkeg_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkeg otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Turkeg otoman</a><br /> Pa veze liesvroadek an impalaeriezh, liesyezhek e veze ivez ha diouzh e tenne barregezhioù dibar. Pep broad pe strollad sokial pe relijiel hag en doa e yezh dezhañ a veze rediet komz ur yezh all pe vuioc'h evit eskemm gant e amezeien. Er c'herioù e ouie an dud meur a yezh, o yezh hag ar yezhoù ar muiañ priziet e liveoù uhel ha lennek ar gevredigezh, an turkeg, ar perseg hag an arabeg (ar yezh-se gant ar vuzulmaned d'an aliesañ). Er skolioù evit ar pennoù bras e veze graet an deskadurezh e galleg hag ar saozneg ken en em ledane ar yezhoù-se er bobl e dibenn an impalaeriezh. Koulskoude er mare-se e kreske goustadig implij an turkeg pa chome ar <a href="/wiki/Perseg" title="Perseg">perseg</a> yezh al <a href="/wiki/Lennegezh" title="Lennegezh">lennegezh</a> hag an arabeg, yezh ar relijion muzulman. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkeg_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkeg otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Turkeg an Otomaned</a> a veze levezonet bras gant an <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Perseg" title="Perseg">perseg</a>, met ne vezent ket implijet kenstur, rak, e yezh ar burevioù melestradurel e veze silet meur a ger arabek pe bersek en ur framm yezhadurel turkek hag e veze digomprenus da nep n'en doa ket desket an div yezh. Rediet e oa turkegerien ar bobl implij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jubennour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jubennour (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">jubennourien</a> evit kas skridoù d'ar melestradurezh. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonerezh"><a href="/wiki/Sonerezh" title="Sonerezh">Sonerezh</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Sonerezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Sonerezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deskiñ ar sonerezh a veze lod ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Begenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begenn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">vegenn</a> ha meur a sultan o deus bet sonerien ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonaozouriezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonaozouriezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">sonaozourien</a> eus an dibab, <a href="/wiki/Selim_II" title="Selim II">Selim II</a> en o zouezh pa vez c'hoariet e sonaozadurioù c'hoazh. Un troc'h a zo bet koulskoude etre ar sonerezh klasel a vourre tud uhel ar c'hêr-benn hag ar sonerezh hengounel liesseurt a veze aozet ha c'hoariet e lec'h all. </p><p>Gant teir sonerezh, an hini vizantat, an hini bersat hag an hini arab eo bet levezonet ar sonerezh otoman klasel. hag e vez aozet war unanennoù ritm, <i>usul</i> o anv, heñvel a-walc'h ouzh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metr_(sonerezh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metr (sonerezh) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">metr</a> ar sonerezh kornogel ha war unanennoù kerzenn, <i>makam</i> o anv, heñvel a-walc'h ouzh ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moz_kornogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moz kornogel (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">moz kornogel</a>. Ar biñvioù-seniñ ar muiañ implijet a zo ar re hengoul e Anatolia ha kreiz Azia, da lavaret eo ar saz, ar baglama, ar "kemendje" (turkeg <i>kemence</i>) asamblez gant ar re a zo boutin er <a href="/wiki/Reter-Nesa%C3%B1" title="Reter-Nesañ">Reter-Nesañ</a> evel an <a href="/wiki/Oud" class="mw-disambig" title="Oud">oud</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanbur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanbur (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">tanbur</a> (ur seurt taboulin), ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanunikanun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanunikanun (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">C'hanunikanun</a> hag an ney. <a href="/wiki/Violo%C3%B1s" class="mw-redirect" title="Violoñs">Violoñs</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> a zo deuet pelloc'h. </p><p>Er proviñsoù e veze meur a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stil (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">stil</a> (pleusk) hervez ar broioù : <a href="/wiki/Balkano%C3%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkanoù">Balkanoù</a> ha Turkus Trakia, Turkus ar Biz (Laz), Turkus ar Mor Egaios, Turkus kreiz Anatolia, Turkus Reter Anatolia ha Turkus ar C'haokaz. Ne oa ket ket eus ar sonerezh hengounel e Istanbul, bro ar sonerezh klasel otoman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lez_ar_Sultan"><a href="/wiki/Lez" class="mw-disambig" title="Lez">Lez</a> ar Sultan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Lez ar Sultan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Lez ar Sultan"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E palez Topkapi e oa palez bras ar sultan (<i>Topkapısarayı</i>), ar pezh a veze anvet <i>saray</i> e turkeg ha <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/s%C3%A9rail" class="extiw" title="fr:sérail">fr:sérail</a> e galleg hag aze e veze al <a href="/wiki/Lez" class="mw-disambig" title="Lez">lez</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a> a oa ul lodenn eus ar palez difennet d'ar <a href="/wiki/Gwaz" title="Gwaz">wazed</a>, nemet ar sultan hag an <a href="/wiki/Tizhog" title="Tizhog">dizheion</a>. E lez ar sultan en em tiorroas ar pezh a veze graet ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuzegezh_otoman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuzegezh otoman (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">stuzegezh otoman</a> eus outi. Evit pignat da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enor (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">enorioù</a> uhelañ e tlefe al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesaour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesaour (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">lesaourien</a> pleustriñ warni ha bezañ gouest komz an teir yezh pennann an turkeg otoman, ar <a href="/wiki/Perseg" title="Perseg">perseg</a> hag an <a href="/wiki/Arabeg" title="Arabeg">arabeg</a>. Ret e vefe gouzout penaos ober en degouezhioù pennañ : tal ar sultan ha pa veze lidoù ofisiel pe relijiel.<br /> Dre anr stuzegezh otoman e veze dispartiet an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobla%C3%B1s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noblañs (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">noblañs</a> eus ar re all. Otomaned e veze graet eus an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudjentil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudjentil (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">dudjentil</a> pa veze graet an Durked, nemet eus an dud turkek o chom er maezioù. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keginerezh"><a href="/wiki/Keginerezh" title="Keginerezh">Keginerezh</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Keginerezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Keginerezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pa komzer eus ar c'heginerezh otoman e vez anv eus an hini a oa fardet e <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. Gant keginerien ar Sultan hag an aotrouien en o falezioù e veze ijinet ha fardet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">meuzioù</a> nevez, darn anezho graet gant danvezioù ha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temz-boued&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temz-boued (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">temzoù-boued</a> degaset eus rannvroioù pell. Keginerezh ar palez impalaerel hag hini ar pachaed a c'hellfe bezañ anavezet gant ar bobl e degouezhioù'zo evel gouelioù ar <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>. E kêrioù-penn ar proviñsoù e veze graet ar c'heginerezh diwar an hengounioù lec'hel.<br /> E palezioù bihan graet e prenn (yali ar bachaed = ti-prenn an aotrouien) war riblennoù ar <a href="/wiki/Bosfor" title="Bosfor">Bosfor</a> e veze servijet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banvez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banvez (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">banvezioù</a> e-lec'h e veze arnodet meur a <a href="/wiki/Rekipe" title="Rekipe">rekipe</a> nevez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relijion">Relijion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Relijion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Relijion"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goude kemeridigezh Kergustentin, ne gredas ket ar <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II" title="Mehmet II">Mehmet II</a> diskar an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iliz_reizhkredennour_gresian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iliz reizhkredennour gresian (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Iliz reizhkredennour gresian</a>, an uheldad ar muiañ enoret en he fenn. Er c'hontrol e lakaas anezhañ da "etnarkos" ar C'hresianed, da lavaret eo evel penn politikel ha relijiel "Millet ar Roum" ("broad pe gumuniezh ar Romaned") gant un truaj da baeañ evit ma vefe anavezet beli ar Sultan ganto. Er Millet-se e veze bodet an holl <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reizhkredennouriezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reizhkredennouriezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">reizhkredennourien</a> a anaveze aotrouniezh uheldad Kergustentin ha forzh peseurt orin etnikel a veze dezho. Sistem ar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millet (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Millet</a> a veze evit pep feizad nann-muzulman hag int ne vezent ket sujet d'al lezenn vuzulman. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lezenn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lezenn (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Lezennoù</a> lakaet e pleustr evit ar reizhkredennourien a veze hini an impalaeriezh vizantat, da lavaret eo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kod_Justinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kod Justinian (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Kod Justinian</a> ([[5<span style="font-size: 75%; vertical-align: 0.3em; line-height: initial">vet</span> kantved]]). <i>Millet</i> ar reizhkredennourien a oa bet roet dezhañ gwirioù ledanañ e tachennoù ar c'henwerzh hag ar politikerezh o vezañ ma oa an hini niverusañ. Koulskoude e paee an nann-vuzulmunaned <a href="/wiki/Tailh" title="Tailh">tailhoù</a> uhelañ.<br /> <i>Millet</i> ar <a href="/wiki/Yuzevien" title="Yuzevien">Yuzevien</a> a oa dindan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aotrouniezh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aotrouniezh (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">aotrouniezh</a> an "Hac'ham bachi" pe "ar Rabbi otoman". Dindan aotrouniezh o <a href="/wiki/Eskob" title="Eskob">eskibien</a> e veze an Armenianed ha meur a gumuniezh relijiel. An holl a veze graet an <i>Dhimmi</i> eus outo. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adtapet diwar « <a dir="ltr" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&oldid=2108530">https://br.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impalaeriezh_otoman&oldid=2108530</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Rummado%C3%B9" title="Dibar:Rummadoù">Rummadoù</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Pennado%C3%B9_war_ar_renk_evit_beza%C3%B1_mat" title="Rummad:Pennadoù war ar renk evit bezañ mat">Pennadoù war ar renk evit bezañ mat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Impalaeriezh_otoman" title="Rummad:Impalaeriezh otoman">Impalaeriezh otoman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Istor_Turkia" title="Rummad:Istor Turkia">Istor Turkia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Rummad kuzhet: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rummad:Pajenno%C3%B9_gant_kartenno%C3%B9" title="Rummad:Pajennoù gant kartennoù">Pajennoù gant kartennoù</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kemmoù diwezhañ degaset d'ar bajenn-mañ d'an 7 Gou 2024, da 18:13.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Gallout a reer implijout an testennoù zo dindan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.br">an Aotre-Implijout Creative Commons Dereiñ/Kenrannañ diouzh an hevelep divizoù</a>; divizoù ouzhpenn a c'hall bezañ ivez. 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