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</div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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Vail</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richard_B._Vail&params=41.689228_N_87.7706_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°41′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°46′14″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.689228°N 87.7706°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.689228; -87.7706</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Richard B. Vail</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:VAIL,_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg/220px-VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg/330px-VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg/440px-VAIL%2C_RICHARD_B._HONORABLE_LCCN2016862791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10092" data-file-height="8071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Illinois02 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">Barratt O'Hara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Barratt O'Hara</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rowan" title="William A. Rowan">William A. Rowan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Barratt O'Hara</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Bernard Vail</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-08-31</span>)</span>August 31, 1895<br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 29, 1955<span style="display:none">(1955-07-29)</span> (aged 59)<br />Chicago, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery_(Alsip,_Illinois)" title="Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Alsip, Illinois)">Holy Sepulchre Cemetery</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Richard_B._Vail&params=41.689228_N_87.7706_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°41′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">87°46′14″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.689228°N 87.7706°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.689228; -87.7706</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Law_School_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshall Law School (Chicago)">John Marshall Law School</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Bernard Vail</b> (August 31, 1895 – July 29, 1955) was an American businessman and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GovTrack_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovTrack-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard B. Vail was born on August 31, 1895, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a>. He attended public school, the School of Commerce, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Technical_College" title="Chicago Technical College">Chicago Technical College</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Law_School_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshall Law School (Chicago)">John Marshall Law School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> as a lieutenant of <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>. He then engaged in the manufacture of steel products.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_service">Federal service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vail worked for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) before running for office.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vail was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to the <a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">Eightieth</a> Congress (January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949). He served on the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1948 to the <a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">Eighty-first</a> Congress. Vail was elected to the <a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">Eighty-second</a> Congress (January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1952 to the <a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">Eighty-third</a> Congress and for election in 1954 to the <a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">Eighty-fourth</a> Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_sector">Private sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Private sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as chairman of the board of directors of the Vail Manufacturing Company of Chicago. Vail manufactured staplers, paper clips, and fasteners and was eventually acquired by Acco International in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_and_death">Personal and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_(1895%E2%80%931955)_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery,_Alsip,_IL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg/150px-Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg/225px-Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg/300px-Grave_of_Richard_Bernard_Vail_%281895%E2%80%931955%29_at_Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery%2C_Alsip%2C_IL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2734" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption>Vail's grave at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>Vail died age 59 on July 29, 1955, in Chicago and was interred in <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sepulchre_Cemetery_(Alsip,_Illinois)" title="Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Alsip, Illinois)">Holy Sepulchre Cemetery</a> in Alsip, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-Bioguide_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th United States Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="List of members of the House Un-American Activities Committee">List of members of the House Un-American Activities Committee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Vail&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Specific</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bioguide-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bioguide_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000003">"Vail, Richard Bernard (1895–1955)"</a>. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vail%2C+Richard+Bernard+%281895%E2%80%931955%29&rft.pub=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DV000003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OurCampaigns-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OurCampaigns_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=101320">"Vail, Richard B."</a> Our Campaigns<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vail%2C+Richard+B.&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D101320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovTrack-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GovTrack_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/richard_vail/411062">"Rep. Richard Vail"</a>. GovTrack<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rep.+Richard+Vail&rft.pub=GovTrack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fmembers%2Frichard_vail%2F411062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrewsAndrews1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Andrews_(journalist)" title="Bert Andrews (journalist)">Andrews, Bert</a>; Andrews, Peter (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cX53AAAAMAAJ"><i>A Tragedy of History: A Journalist's Confidential Role in the Hiss-Chambers Case</i></a>. R. B. Luce. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tragedy+of+History%3A+A+Journalist%27s+Confidential+Role+in+the+Hiss-Chambers+Case&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=R.+B.+Luce&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcX53AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-4NAQAAMAAJ"><i>Labor Fact Book, Volume 12</i></a>. International Publishers. 1955. p. 133<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labor+Fact+Book%2C+Volume+12&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-4NAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%20Disk3/Watertown%20Times/Watertown%20NY%20Daily%20Times%201966%20Jan%20Grayscale.pdf/Watertown%20NY%20Daily%20Times%201966%20Jan%20Grayscale%20-%200043.pdf">"Acco Plans Expansion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Watertown Daily News</i>. Watertown, New York. January 4, 1966. p. s<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Watertown+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Acco+Plans+Expansion&rft.pages=s&rft.date=1966-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%2520Disk3%2FWatertown%2520Times%2FWatertown%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Times%25201966%2520Jan%2520Grayscale.pdf%2FWatertown%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Times%25201966%2520Jan%2520Grayscale%2520-%25200043.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>General</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressV000003" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000003">"Richard B. Vail (id: V000003)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Richard+B.+Vail+%28id%3A+V000003%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DV000003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+B.+Vail" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on January 26, 2008</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rowan" title="William A. Rowan">William A. Rowan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Illinois02 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 2nd congressional district">Illinois's 2nd congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1947–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">Barratt O'Hara</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">Barratt O'Hara</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Illinois02 !"><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 2nd congressional district">Illinois's 2nd congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1951–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">Barratt O'Hara</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Illinois&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_80th_&amp;_82nd_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s delegation(s) to the 80th & 82nd <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">S. Lucas</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Brooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles W. Brooks">C. Brooks</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">A. Sabath</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leo_E._Allen" title="Leo E. Allen">L. Allen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_W._Reed" title="Chauncey W. Reed">C. Reed</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Noah_M._Mason" title="Noah M. Mason">N. Mason</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Church" title="Ralph E. Church">R. Church</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Brien_(Illinois_politician)" title="Thomas J. O'Brien (Illinois politician)">T. O'Brien</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">R. Chiperfield</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Anton_J._Johnson" title="Anton J. Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/C._W._Bishop" title="C. W. Bishop">C. W. Bishop</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/George_Evan_Howell" title="George Evan Howell">G. Howell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">T. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gorski" title="Martin Gorski">M. Gorski</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sid_Simpson" title="Sid Simpson">S. Simpson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Vursell" title="Charles W. Vursell">C. Vursell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rolla_C._McMillen" title="Rolla C. McMillen">R. McMillen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Clippinger" title="Roy Clippinger">R. Clippinger</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_E._Busbey" title="Fred E. Busbey">F. Busbey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">W. Stratton</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Jenison" title="Edward H. Jenison">E. Jenison</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Owens" title="Thomas L. Owens">T. Owens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Twyman" title="Robert Twyman">R. Twyman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Vail</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>:</b> <span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">P. Douglas</a> (D) <b>·</b> <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">A. Sabath</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leo_E._Allen" title="Leo E. Allen">L. Allen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_W._Reed" title="Chauncey W. Reed">C. Reed</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Noah_M._Mason" title="Noah M. Mason">N. Mason</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Brien_(Illinois_politician)" title="Thomas J. O'Brien (Illinois politician)">T. O'Brien</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">R. Chiperfield</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/C._W._Bishop" title="C. W. Bishop">C. W. Bishop</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">T. Gordon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sid_Simpson" title="Sid Simpson">S. Simpson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Vursell" title="Charles W. Vursell">C. Vursell</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Jenison" title="Edward H. Jenison">E. Jenison</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_E._Busbey" title="Fred E. Busbey">F. Busbey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Hoffman" title="Richard W. Hoffman">R. Hoffman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edgar_A._Jonas" title="Edgar A. Jonas">E. Jonas</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peter_F._Mack_Jr." title="Peter F. Mack Jr.">P. Mack</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Velde" title="Harold H. Velde">H. Velde</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Yates" title="Sidney R. Yates">S. Yates</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Vail</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_S._Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite S. Church">M. Church</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Kluczynski" title="John C. Kluczynski">J. Kluczynski</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_E._McVey" title="William E. McVey">W. McVey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Timothy_P._Sheehan" title="Timothy P. Sheehan">T. Sheehan</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_L._Springer" title="William L. Springer">W. Springer</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: People <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320642#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000003">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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