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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spanish Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Left" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Left"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>New Left</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Left-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_social_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_social_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>New social movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_social_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Contemporary era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_tendencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_tendencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable tendencies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_tendencies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable tendencies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_tendencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anarchist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anarchist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Anarchist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anarchist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marxist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marxist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Marxist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marxist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_socialist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_socialist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Democratic socialist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_socialist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Debates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Debates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Debates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reasons_for_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reasons_for_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reasons for decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reasons_for_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Priorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Libertarian socialism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اشتراكية تحررية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اشتراكية تحررية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_sosializm" title="Libertarian sosializm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Libertarian sosializm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Либертарен социализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Либертарен социализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme_llibertari" title="Socialisme llibertari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Socialisme llibertari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertaarsotsialism" title="Libertaarsotsialism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Libertaarsotsialism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ελευθεριακός σοσιαλισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελευθεριακός σοσιαλισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_libertario" title="Socialismo libertario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Socialismo libertario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberecisma_socialismo" title="Liberecisma socialismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Liberecisma socialismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialismo_libertario" title="Sozialismo libertario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sozialismo libertario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سوسیالیسم لیبرترین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوسیالیسم لیبرترین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisme_libertaire" title="Socialisme libertaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Socialisme libertaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2isealachd_Libeirt%C3%A8ireach" title="Sòisealachd Libeirtèireach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sòisealachd Libeirtèireach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의적 사회주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자유지상주의적 사회주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialisme_libertarian" title="Sosialisme libertarian – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sosialisme libertarian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_libertario" title="Socialismo libertario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Socialismo libertario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="סוציאליזם ליברטריאני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוציאליזם ליברטריאני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismus_libertarianus" title="Socialismus libertarianus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Socialismus libertarianus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C4%81rais_soci%C4%81lisms" title="Libertārais sociālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Libertārais sociālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C3%A1rius_szocializmus" title="Libertárius szocializmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Libertárius szocializmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrij_socialisme" title="Vrij socialisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrij socialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="リバタリアン社会主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リバタリアン社会主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frihetlig_sosialisme" title="Frihetlig sosialisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frihetlig sosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridomssosialisme" title="Fridomssosialisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fridomssosialisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="آزادي پاله سوسیالیزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آزادي پاله سوسیالیزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socjalizm_wolno%C5%9Bciowy" title="Socjalizm wolnościowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Socjalizm wolnościowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismo_libert%C3%A1rio" title="Socialismo libertário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Socialismo libertário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Либертарный социализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Либертарный социализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Libertarian socialism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarni_socializem" title="Libertarni socializem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Libertarni socializem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Слободарски социјализам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слободарски социјализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodarski_socijalizam" title="Slobodarski socijalizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slobodarski socijalizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkososialismi" title="Anarkososialismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anarkososialismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frihetlig_socialism" title="Frihetlig socialism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frihetlig socialism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สังคมนิยมแบบอิสรนิยม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังคมนิยมแบบอิสรนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberteryen_sosyalizm" title="Liberteryen sosyalizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liberteryen 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the libertarian political philosophy within the socialist movement. For the branch of anarchism emphasizing social equality, see <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a>. For the type of libertarianism stressing both individual freedom and social equality, see <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>. For the political philosophy that incorporates liberal principles to socialism, see <a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a>. For the variety of liberalism that endorses a regulated market economy and the expansion of civil and political rights, see <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" title="Category:Libertarian socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libertarian socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Revolutionary spontaneity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">Co-operative economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Pallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Rühle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophies and tendencies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chaulieu–Montal tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#f0f0f0"> Other tendencies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_confederalism" title="Democratic confederalism">Democratic confederalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian municipalism">Libertarian municipalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Association_in_Manchuria" title="Korean People's Association in Manchuria">Korean People's Association in Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapatista_uprising" title="Zapatista uprising">Zapatista uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAREZ" class="mw-redirect" title="MAREZ">MAREZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava Revolution">Rojava Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AANES" class="mw-redirect" title="AANES">AANES</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #ed0707; background:transparent; padding-left:0.3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #ed0707; border-bottom:1px solid #ed0707;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Libertarian socialism</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">anti-capitalist</a> political current that emphasises <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a>. It is contrasted from other forms of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> by its rejection of <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state ownership</a> and from other forms of <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a> by its rejection of <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>. Broadly defined, it includes schools of both <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, as well as other tendencies that oppose the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>. </p><p>With its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, libertarian socialism was first constituted as a tendency by the anti-authoritarian faction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> (IWA), during their conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Marxist faction</a>. Libertarian socialism quickly spread throughout Europe and the American continent, reaching its height during the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution of 1917</a> and particularly during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>. Its defeat during these revolutions led to its brief decline, before its principles were resurrected by the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">new social movements</a> of the late 20th century. </p><p>While its key principles of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">mutual aid</a> are generally shared across the many schools of libertarian socialism, differences have emerged over the questions of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">revolutionary spontaneity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformism</a>, and whether to prioritise the abolition of the state or of capitalism. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_principles">Political principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Libertarian socialism strives for a <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">equal</a> society,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012182–183_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012182–183-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aiming to transform <a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">work</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everyday_life" title="Everyday life">everyday life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201212_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201212-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadly defined, libertarian socialism encapsulates any <a href="/wiki/Political_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Political ideology">political ideology</a> that favours <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> and the replacement of <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> with a system of <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">cooperative economics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">common ownership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libertarian socialists tend to see the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> as agents of <a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a>, reject <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">electoralism</a>, and advocate for <a href="/wiki/Self-organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-organisation">self-organisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a> as means to engage in <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">class conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012298_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012298-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anti-authoritarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Libertarian socialism has a <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approach to <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, rejecting <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentarism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201213_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201213-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libertarian socialists advocate the <a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">empowerment</a> of individuals to control their own lives and encourage them to voluntarily cooperate with each other, rather than allow themselves to be controlled by a state. Libertarian socialists therefore uphold <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">freedom of choice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">freedom of thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian forms of socialism</a>, libertarian socialism rejects <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">state ownership</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centralisation" title="Centralisation">centralisation</a>. Instead it upholds a <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralised</a> model of <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a>, envisioning <a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">free association</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">co-operative</a> or <a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">participatory economics</a>. Some libertarian socialists see such systems as complementary to <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statism</a>, while others hold them to be an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Libertarian socialists tend to reject the view that political institutions such as the state represent an <a href="/wiki/Inherent" class="mw-redirect" title="Inherent">inherently</a> good, or even neutral, power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998318_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998318-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some libertarian socialists, such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a>, consider the state to be an inherent instrument of <a href="/wiki/Landlordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlordism">landlordism</a> and capitalism, therefore opposing the state with equal intensity as they oppose capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998306–307_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998306–307-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anti-capitalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Libertarian socialism views corporate power as an <a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">institutional</a> problem, rather than as a result of the influence of certain <a href="/wiki/Bad_apples" title="Bad apples">immoral individuals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998331–332_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998331–332-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It thus opposes <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, which it sees as an economic system that upholds <a href="/wiki/Greed" title="Greed">greed</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">exploitation of labour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>, and calls for its overthrow in a <a href="/wiki/Social_revolution" title="Social revolution">social revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Libertarian socialists reject <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>, as they consider capitalist property relations to be incompatible with <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">freedom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, libertarian socialism upholds individual <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">collective ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVrousalis2011211_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVrousalis2011211-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the place of capitalism, libertarian socialists favour an economic system based on <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> of production, advocating for a system of <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">cooperative economics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">common ownership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also advocate for <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a>, as they consider workers able to cooperate productively without <a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">supervisors</a>, whether appointed by employers or by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They also tend to see <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> as inevitably resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution of income and wealth</a> from workers to their corporate employers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998332_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998332-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They advocate for the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> through the coercive <a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">expropriation</a> of property from the wealthy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998340_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998340-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The roots of libertarian socialism extend back to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">classical radicalism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claiming the English <a href="/wiki/Levellers" title="Levellers">Levellers</a> and the French <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes">Encyclopédistes</a> as their intellectual forerunners, and admiring figures of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998310_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998310-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Domela_Nieuwenhuis" title="Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis">Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis</a>, while authoritarian socialism had its origins in <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">Germany</a>, libertarian socialism was born in <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008484_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008484-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern foundations of libertarian socialism lay in the <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialism</a> expounded by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a>, who envisioned a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a> guided by <a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">communitarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moralism" title="Moralism">moralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005139–140_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005139–140-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence">Emergence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emergence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakunin_Nadar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bakunin_Nadar.jpg/220px-Bakunin_Nadar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bakunin_Nadar.jpg/330px-Bakunin_Nadar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bakunin_Nadar.jpg/440px-Bakunin_Nadar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a>, leader of the libertarian socialist faction of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Libertarian socialism first emerged from the <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_St._Imier_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist St. Imier International">anti-authoritarian faction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a> (IWA), after it was expelled from the organisation by the <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist faction</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a> of 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The libertarian socialist <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a> had rejected <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s calls for a "<a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">dictatorship of the proletariat</a>", as he predicted it would only create a <a href="/wiki/New_class" title="New class">new ruling class</a>, composed of a privileged minority, which would use the state to oppress the working classes. He concluded that: "no <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> can have any other aim than to perpetuate itself, and it can only give rise to and instill slavery in the people that tolerates it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998320_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998320-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marxists responded to this by insisting on the eventual "<a href="/wiki/Withering_away_of_the_state" title="Withering away of the state">withering away of the state</a>", in which society would transition from <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorship</a> to <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">anarchy</a>, in an apparent attempt to synthesise authoritarian and libertarian forms of socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998320–321_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998320–321-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This put libertarian socialists into direct <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a> with <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communists</a> for influence over <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a>, in a contest which lasted for over fifty years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libertarian socialism proved attractive to British writers such as <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008168–169_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008168–169-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n618_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n618-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b879_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b879-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008180_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008180-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, the latter of whom developed a kind of libertarian socialism based in a strong <a href="/wiki/Critique" title="Critique">critique</a> of <a href="/wiki/Civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisation">civilisation</a>, which he aimed to overthrow and replace with what he called a "beautiful society".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008171_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008171-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morris drove the development of <a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">impossibilism</a>, which became increasingly concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Bureaucrat" title="Bureaucrat">bureaucratisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moderation" title="Moderation">moderation</a> of the socialist movement, leading to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 20th century, libertarian socialists had gained a leading influence over the left-wing in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> and went on to play major roles in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolutions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, the libertarian socialist tradition was represented in the early twentieth century anti-colonial movement by <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-y787_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y787-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Revolution">Russian Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Russian Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg/220px-A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg/330px-A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg/440px-A_V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_G%C3%A1rda_P%C3%A9terv%C3%A1ron_1917-ben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russian anarchist</a> militiamen marching in formation during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">1917 Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Russian libertarian socialists, including <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">anarchists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narodniks" title="Narodniks">populists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left_Socialist-Revolutionaries" title="Left Socialist-Revolutionaries">left socialist-revolutionaries</a>, led the opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy" title="Tsarist autocracy">Tsarist autocracy</a> throughout the late-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They created a network of both clandestine and legal organisations throughout Russia, with the aim of overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a> and bringing land under the <a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">common ownership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Obshchina" title="Obshchina">mir</a>. Their agitation for <a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">land reform</a> in the Russian countryside culminated with the establishment of rural <a href="/wiki/Soviet_(council)" title="Soviet (council)">soviets</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">1905 Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141–142_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141–142-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarchists also organised among the urban <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, forming clandestine <a href="/wiki/Factory_committee" title="Factory committee">factory committees</a> that proved more attractive to revolution-minded workers than the more <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformist</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> favoured by the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">1917 Revolution</a>, in which libertarian socialists played a leading role, the Bolsheviks changed tack and adopted elements of the libertarian socialist programme in their appeals to the workers. But by 1919, the new Bolshevik government had come to view the libertarian socialists as a threat to their power and moved to eliminate their influence. Libertarian socialist organisations were banned and many of their members were arrested, deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> or executed by the <a href="/wiki/Cheka" title="Cheka">Cheka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005142_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005142-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a> ended in defeat for the libertarian socialists, with either the social democrats, the Bolsheviks or <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalists</a> rising to power. Libertarian socialists responded by reevaluating their positions, emphasising mass organisation over <a href="/wiki/Intellectual" title="Intellectual">intellectual</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanguard" title="Vanguard">vanguardism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">revolutionary spontaneity</a> over <a href="/wiki/Substitutionism" title="Substitutionism">substitutionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001400_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001400-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also came to conceive the "<a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">dictatorship of the proletariat</a>" as a form of class power, rather than as the dictatorship of a political party. Many Marxists of the period were attracted to this position, including <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a> in the Netherlands, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a> in Britain, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a> in Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403–404_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403–404-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Revolution">Spanish Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spanish Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png/220px-Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png/330px-Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png/440px-Milicianas_CNT-FAI.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spanish anarchist</a> <a href="/wiki/Milicianas_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Milicianas in the Spanish Civil War">militiawomen</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">1936 Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Libertarian socialism reached its apex of popularity with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>, during which libertarian socialists led "the largest and most successful revolution against capitalism to ever take place in any <a href="/wiki/Industrial_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial economy">industrial economy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Spain, traditional forms of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">self-management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">common ownership</a> dated back to the 15th century. The <a href="/wiki/Levante,_Spain" title="Levante, Spain">Levante</a>, where collective self-management of irrigation was commonplace, became the hotbed of anarchist collectivisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building on this traditional <a href="/wiki/Collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivism">collectivism</a>, from 1876, the Spanish libertarian socialist movement grew through sustained agitation and the establishment of alternative institutions that culminated in the Spanish Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005144–145_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005144–145-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, a series of workers' congresses, first convoked by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a>, debated and refined proposals for the construction of a libertarian socialist society. Over several decades, resolutions from these congresses formed the basis of a specific program on a range of issues, from the structure of communes and the post-revolutionary economy to libertarian cultural and artistic initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145–146_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145–146-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These proposals were published in the pages of widely distributed libertarian socialist periodicals, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Solidaridad_Obrera_(periodical)" title="Solidaridad Obrera (periodical)">Solidaridad Obrera</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tierra_y_Libertad_(newspaper)" title="Tierra y Libertad (newspaper)">Tierra y Libertad</a></i>, which each circulated tens of thousands of copies. By the outbreak of the revolution, the anarcho-syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Confederaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_del_Trabajo" title="Confederación Nacional del Trabajo">Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</a> (CNT) enjoyed widespread popularity, counting 1.5 million members within its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the revolution, the <a href="/wiki/Means_of_production" title="Means of production">means of production</a> were brought under <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">worker cooperatives</a> formed the basis for the new economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leval" title="Gaston Leval">Gaston Leval</a>, the CNT established an agrarian federation in the Levante that encompassed 78% of Spain's most <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>. The regional federation was populated by 1,650,000 people, 40% of whom lived on the region's 900 agrarian collectives, which were self-organised by peasant unions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143–144_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143–144-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although industrial and agricultural production was at its highest in the anarchist-controlled areas of the Spanish Republic, and the <a href="/wiki/Confederal_militias" title="Confederal militias">anarchist militias</a> displayed the strongest military discipline, liberals and Communists alike blamed the "<a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarian</a>" libertarian socialists for the defeat of the Republic in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. These charges have been disputed by contemporary libertarian socialists, such as <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Robin Hahnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, who have accused such claims of lacking substantial evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146–147_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146–147-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)">Republicans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, libertarian socialism fell into decline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a> throughout the world came to be dominated either by <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxism-Leninism</a>, which attained power in a number of countries and thus had the means to support their ideological allies. In contrast, Hahnel argues, libertarian socialists were not able to gain influence within the labour movement. At a time when reformist trade unions were consistently winning concessions, the libertarian socialists' anti-reformist message gained little traction. Their platform of workers' self-management also failed to appeal to industrial workers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the 1960s, libertarian socialists were limited mostly to making critiques of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>, although Hahnel asserts that these arguments were largely overshadowed by those from <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">neoconservatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxists</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147–148_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147–148-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Left">New Left</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Left"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky,_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg/220px-Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg/330px-Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg/440px-Prof_dr_Noam_Chomsky%2C_Bestanddeelnr_929-4752.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3694" data-file-height="2454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, the most prominent advocate of libertarian socialism in the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Libertarian socialist themes received a revival during the 1960s, when it was reconstituted as part of the nascent <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revival occurred largely unconsciously, as new leftists were often unaware of their libertarian socialist predecessors. The concepts of <a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">grassroots democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">workers' control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">solidarity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> were thus reinvented by the new generation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also picked up the principles of <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Participatory_democracy" title="Participatory democracy">participatory democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">mutual aid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These libertarian socialist themes drove the growth of the New Left, which by this point was disillusioned by the mainstream social democratic and Marxist-Leninist political groupings, due to the capitalistic tendencies of the former and the rigid authoritarianism of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sociologist <a href="/wiki/C._Wright_Mills" title="C. Wright Mills">C. Wright Mills</a>, who displayed strong libertarian socialist tendencies in his appeals to the New Left, reformulated Marxism for the modern age in his work on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_Elite" title="The Power Elite">The Power Elite</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Wilhelm Reich</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxist</a> theses on the <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_personality" title="Authoritarian personality">authoritarian personality</a> were also rediscovered by the New Left, who developed his programme for individual <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governance</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">libertarian system of education</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Summerhill_School" title="Summerhill School">Summerhill School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008540–541_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008540–541-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drawing on the Freudo-Marxist conception of <a href="/wiki/Civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilisation">civilisation</a> as "organised domination", <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a> developed a critique of <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">alienation</a> in modern Western societies, concluding that <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_dissent" title="Political dissent">political dissent</a> had been undermined by social <a href="/wiki/Repression_(psychoanalysis)" title="Repression (psychoanalysis)">repression</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Mumford" title="Lewis Mumford">Lewis Mumford</a> published denunciations of the <a href="/wiki/Military-industrial_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Military-industrial complex">military-industrial complex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a> advocated for decentralisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the process, the new generation of Marxists gravitated towards libertarian tendencies, sometimes closely resembling anarchism. Following on from Marcuse, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Stuart Hall</a> all adopted forms of "libertarian Marxism", opposed to the bureaucracy and parliamentarism of statist tendencies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541–542_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541–542-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A specific and explicit libertarian socialist tendency also began to emerge. While some more libertarian Marxists adopted the term in order to distinguish themselves from authoritarian socialists,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008641_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008641-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anarchists began calling themselves "libertarian socialist" in order to avoid the negative connotations associated with anarchism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012257Marshall2008641_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012257Marshall2008641-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The libertarian socialist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Daniel Guérin</a> specifically attempted to synthesise anarchism and Marxism into a single tendency, which inspired the growth of the French libertarian communist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerry2012199_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerry2012199-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a time, even the American <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">anarcho-capitalist</a> theorist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a> attempted to make common cause with libertarian socialists, but later shifted away from socialism and towards <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998310n17_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998310n17-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many libertarian socialists of this period were particularly influenced by the analysis of <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lefort_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lefort-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e319_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e319-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his group <a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Socialisme ou Barbarie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012252Cornell2012177_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012252Cornell2012177-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new generation included the non-vanguardist Marxist organisation <a href="/wiki/Facing_Reality" title="Facing Reality">Facing Reality</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012177_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012177-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the British libertarian socialist group <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(UK)" title="Solidarity (UK)">Solidarity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012252,_257Cornell2012177Marshall2008495_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012252,_257Cornell2012177Marshall2008495-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l362_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l362-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Australian councilists of the Self-Management Group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012251–271_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012251–271-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of this new generation of libertarian socialists also joined the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW), swelling the old union's numbers, organising agricultural workers and launching a new journal, <i>The Rebel Worker</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012177_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012177-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This libertarian socialist milieu, with their criticisms of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism" title="Democratic centralism">democratic centralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unionism</a>, and their advocacy of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">workers' self-management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">council democracy</a>, went on to inspire the French <a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">situationists</a> and Italian <a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">autonomists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012177–178_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012177–178-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the figures in the New Left, the American linguist <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> became the most prominent spokesperson for libertarian socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">syndicalism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rudolf Rocker</a>, Chomsky championed a libertarian socialism that upheld individual <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chomsky has been outspoken advocate of <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarianism</a>, opposing limits on individual freedoms by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578–579_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578–579-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also focused much of his libertarian socialist critique on <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">mass media in the United States</a>, due to its role in the military-industrial complex.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008579_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008579-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most sections of the New Left expressed a form of libertarian socialism, others were instead being inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolutions</a> to embrace forms of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Maoism%E2%80%93Third_Worldism" title="Maoism–Third Worldism">Maoism–Third Worldism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008542_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008542-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, according to Hahnel, the New Left failed to form a coherent ideological program or establish lasting support to carry forward the momentum of the late 1960s, resulting in many dropping out of <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activism</a> altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_social_movements">New social movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New social movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A minority from the New Left continued their radical activism within the <a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">new social movements</a> of the 1970s and 1980s, becoming involved in <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay liberation movement">gay liberation movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmental movement</a> and eventually the <a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">anti-globalization movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this period, many librertarian socialists, such as Murray Bookchin, Cornelius Castoriadis, <a href="/wiki/Andre_Gorz" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Gorz">Andre Gorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a>, E.P. Thompson and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a>, were committed to " in rethinking what socialism might come to mean in an age of ecological limit".<sup id="cite_ref-p794_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p794-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Robin Hahnel, new social movements continued the New Left's tendency of failing to develop a "comprehensive libertarian socialist theory and practice". Libertarian socialist activism became focused on achieving practical reforms and theoretical developments centred around common "core values" such as <a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">economic democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_justice" title="Economic justice">economic justice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, without building a coherent critique of capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005149_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005149-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activists from the 1970s and 1980s influenced by libertarian socialism did not advance coherent alternatives to markets and central planning, and had no reformist campaign. Eventually, Hahnel argues, they turned to traditional <a href="/wiki/Single-issue_campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-issue campaigns">single-issue campaigns</a> and abandoned their "big picture" libertarian socialist approach.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCI5d2CpL60oCpgPA149_149]_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCI5d2CpL60oCpgPA149_149]-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These movements were somewhat successful in achieving their goals: the movements for gay and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's rights</a> changed societal outlook on <a href="/wiki/Gender_oppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender oppression">gender oppression</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racist movement</a> proved it necessary to tackle the social aspects of <a href="/wiki/Racialisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialisation">racialisation</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialist movement</a> reconceived of anti-imperialism outside of economic terms; and the <a href="/wiki/Environmentalist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalist movement">environmentalist movement</a> launched a wave of ecological defense and restoration. Together, Hahnel argues, they broke from the <a href="/wiki/Class_reductionism" title="Class reductionism">class reductionism</a> prevalent in traditional forms of libertarian socialism, proving intersectional oppressions other than class also demanded attention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005150–151_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005150–151-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the new social movements, libertarian socialism developed an awareness of different aspects of oppression, beyond class analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005151_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005151-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_era">Contemporary era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Libertarian socialism again received a revival of interest in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">fall of communism</a> and concurrent rise of <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It proved particularly attractive to people from the former <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, who saw it as an alternative both to western capitalism and Marxism-Leninism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008660_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008660-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, there have been two major experiments in libertarian socialism: the <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_uprising" title="Zapatista uprising">Zapatista uprising</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava Revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reaction against the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) and the <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights#Mexico" title="Indigenous land rights">indigenous lands</a> by the Mexican state, in 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista Army of National Liberation</a> (EZLN) rose up against the government,<sup id="cite_ref-DJILP_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJILP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enabling the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">self-governing</a> <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Zapatista_Autonomous_Municipalities" title="Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities">autonomous territory</a> in the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DJILP_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJILP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radio_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radio-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zapatistas have roundly rejected <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism#Political_sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">political sectarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doctrine#Political_usage" title="Doctrine">ideological doctrine</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialist</a> model of seizing state power, with spokesman <a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Subcomandante Marcos</a> famously declaring "I shit on all the revolutionary vanguards of this planet."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, they have commonly been characterised as libertarian socialist,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radio_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radio-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or inspired by libertarian socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-DJILP_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJILP-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IUSTA_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUSTA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have in turn become a source of inspiration for libertarian socialists, including the <a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">autonomist Marxists</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cleaver" title="Harry Cleaver">Harry Cleaver</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Holloway_(sociologist)" title="John Holloway (sociologist)">John Holloway</a>, as well as some anarchists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Rojava_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava Revolution">Rojava Revolution</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a> (AANES; or "Rojava") to put "libertarian socialist ideas ... into practice",<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and whose <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantons of Rojava">cantons</a> present themselves as a "libertarian socialist alternative to the colonially established state boundaries in the Middle East."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various sources have drawn parallels between the Rojava Revolution and the Zapatista uprising of 1994<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aretaios_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aretaios-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and noted the influence of libertarian socialist Murray Bookchin, specifically his concept of <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian municipalism">libertarian municipalism</a>, on the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-unitedexplanations_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unitedexplanations-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aretaios_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aretaios-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Libertarian socialist ideas have influenced some currents of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement" title="Anti-austerity movement">anti-austerity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalism" title="Municipalism">new municipalist</a> movements, such as <a href="/wiki/Ada_Colau" title="Ada Colau">Ada Colau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_en_Com%C3%BA" title="Barcelona en Comú">Barcelona en Comú</a> party, in which they ally with <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r132_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r132-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, there have been several libertarian socialist movements active since the 2010s in groups including <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Left_(Chile)" title="Libertarian Left (Chile)">Libertarian Left</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Broad_Front_(Chilean_political_coalition)" title="Broad Front (Chilean political coalition)">Broad Front</a> (FA).<sup id="cite_ref-Chile_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chile-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Social_Convergence" title="Social Convergence">Social Convergence</a> in 2018, bringing together the <a href="/wiki/Autonomist_Movement" title="Autonomist Movement">Autonomist Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Left_(Chile)" title="Libertarian Left (Chile)">Libertarian Left</a> and other libertarian socialist groups.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boric, who describes himself as libertarian socialist, was <a href="/wiki/2021_Chilean_general_election" title="2021 Chilean general election">elected president in 2021</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-o709_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o709-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a527_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a527-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_tendencies">Notable tendencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable tendencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Libertarian socialism encompasses both the libertarian wing of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> and the socialist wing of <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998306_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998306-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including many different schools of thought under its banner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012295–296Ojeili2001393_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012295–296Ojeili2001393-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most commonly cited tendencies of libertarian socialism are <a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">anarchist communism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">anarcho-syndicalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">council communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1Ojeili2001393_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1Ojeili2001393-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Marxist strands of libertarian socialism include <a href="/wiki/Western_Marxism" title="Western Marxism">Western Marxism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordigism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordigism">Bordigism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">impossibilism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001393_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001393-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">guild socialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">socialist feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">social ecology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bookchin_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bookchin-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as various strands of the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">new social movements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">contemporary anarchism</a>, have been listed among the other wings of libertarian socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anarchist">Anarchist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Anarchist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></div> <p>The currents of <a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">classical anarchism</a> that developed in the 19th century were committed to autonomy and freedom, decentralization, opposing hierarchy, and opposing the <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguardism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">authoritarian socialism</a>. </p><p>In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social anarchism</a> emerged as a significant current of anarchism and explicitly identified as libertarian socialist. Anarcho-syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leval" title="Gaston Leval">Gaston Leval</a> explained: "We therefore foresee a Society in which all activities will be coordinated, a structure that has, at the same time, sufficient flexibility to permit the greatest possible autonomy for social life, or for the life of each enterprise, and enough cohesiveness to prevent all disorder. [...] In a well-organised society, all of these things must be systematically accomplished by means of parallel federations, vertically united at the highest levels, constituting one vast organism in which all economic functions will be performed in solidarity with all others and that will permanently preserve the necessary cohesion".<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant thinkers in the anarchist tradition who are described as libertarian socialist include <a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Colin Ward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-r993_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r993-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marxist">Marxist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Marxist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_communist_ideologies#Libertarian_Marxism" title="List of communist ideologies">List of communist ideologies § Libertarian Marxism</a></div> <p>A broad scope of economic and political philosophies that draw on the anti-authoritarian aspects of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> have been described as "Libertarian Marxism",<sup id="cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löwy_&_Besancenot-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tendency which emphasises <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">direct democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löwy_&_Besancenot-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wayne Price identified it most closely with the tendency of <a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">autonomist Marxism</a> and identified libertarian characteristics within <a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">council communism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Johnson%E2%80%93Forest_Tendency" title="Johnson–Forest Tendency">Johnson–Forest Tendency</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Socialisme ou Barbarie</a> group and the <a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a>, contrasting them with <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">orthodox Marxism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B6wy" title="Michael Löwy">Michael Löwy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Besancenot" title="Olivier Besancenot">Olivier Besancenot</a> have identified <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Daniel Guérin</a> as prominent figures of libertarian Marxism.<sup id="cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Löwy_&_Besancenot-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ojeili identifies <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">Daniel De Leon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a>, Rosa Luxemburg, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Karl Korsch</a> <a href="/wiki/Anton_Pannekoek" title="Anton Pannekoek">Anton Pannekoek</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roland_Holst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roland Holst (page does not exist)">Roland Holst</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Gorter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Gorter (page does not exist)">Hermann Gorter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grego_Lukacs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grego Lukacs (page does not exist)">Grego Lukacs</a>, Socialisme ou Barbarie, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Simon" title="Henri Simon">Henri Simon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echanges_et_Mouvements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echanges et Mouvements (page does not exist)">Echanges et Mouvements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mattick" title="Paul Mattick">Paul Mattick</a> as significant Marxian libertarian socialists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_socialist">Democratic socialist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Democratic socialist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></div> <p>There was a strong left-libertarian current in the British labour movement<sup id="cite_ref-a217_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a217-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the term "libertarian socialist" has been applied to a number of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic socialist">democratic socialists</a>, including some prominent members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Labour Party">British Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d245_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d245-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_League_(UK,_1885)" title="Socialist League (UK, 1885)">Socialist League</a> was formed in 1885 by <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a> and others critical of the authoritarian socialism of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation" title="Social Democratic Federation">Social Democratic Federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008171_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008171-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was involved in the <a href="/wiki/New_unionism" title="New unionism">new unionism</a>, the rank-and-file union militancy of the 1880s–1890s, which anticipated syndicalism in some key ways (<a href="/wiki/Tom_Mann" title="Tom Mann">Tom Mann</a>, a New Unionist leader, was one of the first British syndicalists). The Socialist League was dominated by anarchists by the 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-e782_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e782-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Common_Wealth_Party" title="Common Wealth Party">Common Wealth Party</a> was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> as well as libertarian socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-m086_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m086-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l653_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l653-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others in the tradition of the ILP and described as libertarian socialists included <a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a> (the founder of <a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">guild socialism</a> and influenced by Morris),<sup id="cite_ref-c469_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c469-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a217_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a217-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hain_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hain-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g201_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g201-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-e385_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e385-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f759_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f759-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-u099_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u099-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m989_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m989-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-p794_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p794-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p963_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p963-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is former Labour Party minister <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hain" title="Peter Hain">Peter Hain</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-v276_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v276-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g366_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g366-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l155_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l155-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has written in support of libertarian socialism,<sup id="cite_ref-Hain_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hain-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> identifying an axis involving a "bottom-up vision of socialism, with anarchists at the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> end and democratic socialists [such as himself] at its <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformist</a> end" as opposed to the axis of <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialism</a> with Marxist–Leninists at the revolutionary end and social democrats at the reformist end.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-j351_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j351-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another recent mainstream Labour politician who has been described as a libertarian socialist is <a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debates">Debates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Debates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reasons_for_decline">Reasons for decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Reasons for decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American economist <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Robin Hahnel</a> claimed that libertarian socialists "were by far the worst underachievers among 20th century <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalists</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He contrasted libertarian socialist failings with those of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, arguing that while the latter had abandoned their principles of <a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">economic democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_justice" title="Economic justice">justice</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">reformism</a>, the former had proved incapable of sustaining anti-capitalist uprisings and largely ignored the importance of political and <a href="/wiki/Economic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic reform">economic reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137–138_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137–138-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hahnel consequently suggested that, in the 21st century, libertarian socialists should work together with other anti-capitalist social movements, organize for reform without abandoning anti-capitalist principles and strive to build grassroots institutions of <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">self-management</a>, even if those projects are "imperfect".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priorities">Priorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Priorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While most libertarian socialists consider it necessary to combat both <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">economic and political power</a> in tandem, regarding each as fundamental to the survival of the other, some consider it a priority to combat one or the other first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998330_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998330-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, such as Mikhail Bakunin and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Alexander Berkman</a>, considered capitalism to rely on the support and protection of the state. They thus concluded that if the state were to be abolished, capitalism would naturally dissolve in its wake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998329–330_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998329–330-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But others, including <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, believe that the state is only inherently oppressive because of its control by a <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">plutocratic class</a> and that "society is governed by those who own it". Chomsky holds that government, while not benign, can at least be held accountable, while corporate power is neither benign nor accountable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998318–319_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998318–319-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he holds the abolition of the state to be desirable, Chomsky considers the abolition of capitalism to be of greater urgency.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998319_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998319-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Freiwirtschaft" title="Freiwirtschaft">Freiwirtschaft</a></i> ("free economy"), idea based on the "natural economic order"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a>, decentralized governance system based on consent developed in meeting circles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a>, a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core principle</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012182–183-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012182–183_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornell2012">Cornell 2012</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201212-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201212_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKinnaPrichard2012">Kinna & Prichard 2012</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 392n1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrèreReinecke2011" class="citation book cs1">Frère, Bruno; Reinecke, Juliane (2011). "A Libertarian Socialist Response to the 'Big Society': The Solidarity Economy". In Hull, Richard; Gibbon, Jane; Branzei, Oana; Haugh, Helen (eds.). <i>The Third Sector</i>. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. pp. 125–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FS2046-6072%282011%290000001015">10.1108/S2046-6072(2011)0000001015</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2268%2F172850">2268/172850</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78052-280-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78052-280-7"><bdi>978-1-78052-280-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2046-6072">2046-6072</a>. <q>The libertarian socialist <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative movement">cooperative movement</a> was one of the two forms of socialist responses to the rise of capitalism and the concentration of private ownership in the middle of the 19th century." "<a href="/wiki/Proudhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Proudhon">Proudhon</a>'s left libertarian socialism promotes the <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a> of power and public <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> ... through the formation of locally managed mutual and cooperative organisations ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Libertarian+Socialist+Response+to+the+%27Big+Society%27%3A+The+Solidarity+Economy&rft.btitle=The+Third+Sector&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2268%2F172850&rft.issn=2046-6072&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FS2046-6072%282011%290000001015&rft.isbn=978-1-78052-280-7&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Reinecke%2C+Juliane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntropi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Intropi, Pietro (2022-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14748851221099659">"Reciprocal libertarianism"</a>. <i>European Journal of Political Theory</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 23–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14748851221099659">10.1177/14748851221099659</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2262%2F98664">2262/98664</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1474-8851">1474-8851</a>. <q>I show that reciprocal libertarianism can be realised in a framework of individual ownership of external resources or in a socialist scheme of common ownership (libertarian socialism).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Political+Theory&rft.atitle=Reciprocal+libertarianism&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-43&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2262%2F98664&rft.issn=1474-8851&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F14748851221099659&rft.aulast=Intropi&rft.aufirst=Pietro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F14748851221099659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012298-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012298_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPintaBerry2012">Pinta & Berry 2012</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimakopoulos2016" class="citation journal cs1">Asimakopoulos, John (April–June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F0101-31572016v36n02a10">"A radical proposal for direct democracy in large societies"</a>. <i>Brazilian Journal of Political Economy</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 430–447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F0101-31572016v36n02a10">10.1590/0101-31572016v36n02a10</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0101-3157">0101-3157</a>. <q>Direct democracy is what today is referred to as libertarian socialism including anarchism. The very idea upon which libertarian socialism is founded is that every person in the community represents themselves and votes directly with the community on matters related to its governance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brazilian+Journal+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=A+radical+proposal+for+direct+democracy+in+large+societies&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=430-447&rft.date=2016-04%2F2016-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2F0101-31572016v36n02a10&rft.issn=0101-3157&rft.aulast=Asimakopoulos&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252F0101-31572016v36n02a10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201213-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinnaPrichard201213_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKinnaPrichard2012">Kinna & Prichard 2012</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305–306_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 305–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998318-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998318_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998306–307-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998306–307_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 306–307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998331–332-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998331–332_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 331–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005140_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVrousalis2011211-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVrousalis2011211_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVrousalis2011">Vrousalis 2011</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998332-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998332_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998340-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998340_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998305-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998305_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998310-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998310_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008484-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008484_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005139–140-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005139–140_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 139–140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998320-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998320_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998320–321-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998320–321_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 320–321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008168–169-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008168–169_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, pp. 168–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n618-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n618_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalveson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Salveson, Paul (1 October 1996). "Loving Comrades: Lancashire's Links to Walt Whitman". <i>Walt Whitman Quarterly Review</i>. <b>14</b> (2–3): 57–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13008%2F2153-3695.1500">10.13008/2153-3695.1500</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-0679">0737-0679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Walt+Whitman+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=Loving+Comrades%3A+Lancashire%27s+Links+to+Walt+Whitman&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=57-84&rft.date=1996-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13008%2F2153-3695.1500&rft.issn=0737-0679&rft.aulast=Salveson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b879-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b879_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSally_Goldsmith1929" class="citation web cs1">Sally Goldsmith (23 March 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.totleyhistorygroup.org.uk/people-of-interest/edward-carpenter/">"Edward Carpenter"</a>. <i>Totley History Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAIOT&rft.atitle=Anarchism+in+India&rft.date=2015-10-03&rft.aulast=Dr%C3%A8ze&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraiot.in%2Fanarchism-in-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141–142-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005141–142_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005142-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005142_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001400-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001400_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>, p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403–404-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001403–404_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>, pp. 403–404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005144–145-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005144–145_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145–146-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145–146_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 145–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005145_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143–144-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005143–144_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146–147-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005146–147_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 146–147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005138–139_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 138–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147–148-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005147–148_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148Marshall2008540_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 148; <a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 540.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 541.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008540–541-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008540–541_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, pp. 540–541.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541–542-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008541–542_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, pp. 541–542.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008641-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008641_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 641.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012257Marshall2008641-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012257Marshall2008641_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoraman2012">Boraman 2012</a>, p. 257; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libcom.org&rft.atitle=What+is+libertarian+socialism%3F+An+interview+with+Ken+Weller&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Farticle%2Fwhat-libertarian-socialism-interview-ken-weller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012251–271-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoraman2012251–271_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoraman2012">Boraman 2012</a>, pp. 251–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECornell2012177–178-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornell2012177–178_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCornell2012">Cornell 2012</a>, pp. 177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578–579-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008578–579_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, pp. 578–579.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008579-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008579_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 579.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008542-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008542_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, pp. 542.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005148–149_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 148–149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p794-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p794_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p794_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, Nick (12 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/index.php/output/912158/raymond-williams-and-the-possibilities-of-committed-late-marxism">"Raymond Williams and the possibilities of 'committed' late Marxism"</a>. <i>Key Words: A Journal of Cultural Materialism</i>. <b>16</b>. The Raymond Williams Society. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1369-9725">1369-9725</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Key+Words%3A+A+Journal+of+Cultural+Materialism&rft.atitle=Raymond+Williams+and+the+possibilities+of+%27committed%27+late+Marxism&rft.volume=16&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.issn=1369-9725&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnottingham-repository.worktribe.com%2Findex.php%2Foutput%2F912158%2Fraymond-williams-and-the-possibilities-of-committed-late-marxism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005149-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005149_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCI5d2CpL60oCpgPA149_149]-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCI5d2CpL60oCpgPA149_149]_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5d2CpL60oC&pg=PA149">149</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005150–151-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005150–151_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 150–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005151-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005151_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008660-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarshall2008660_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 660.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017_74-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017">Pinta et al. 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DJILP-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DJILP_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJILP_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJILP_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlasters2014" class="citation web cs1">Plasters, Bree (January 9, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://djilp.org/critical-analysis-the-zapatista-rebellion-20-years-later/">"Critical Analysis: The Zapatista Rebellion: 20 Years Later"</a>. <i>Denver Journal of International Law & Policy</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Denver" title="University of Denver">University of Denver</a> Sturm College of Law. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604173839/http://djilp.org/critical-analysis-the-zapatista-rebellion-20-years-later/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denver+Journal+of+International+Law+%26+Policy&rft.atitle=Critical+Analysis%3A+The+Zapatista+Rebellion%3A+20+Years+Later&rft.date=2014-01-09&rft.aulast=Plasters&rft.aufirst=Bree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdjilp.org%2Fcritical-analysis-the-zapatista-rebellion-20-years-later%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radio-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Radio_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman2018" class="citation journal cs1">Woodman, Stephen (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306422018819354">"From armed rebellion to radical radio"</a>. <i>Index on Censorship</i>. <b>47</b> (4): 73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306422018819354">10.1177/0306422018819354</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-4220">0306-4220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Index+on+Censorship&rft.atitle=From+armed+rebellion+to+radical+radio&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=73&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0306422018819354&rft.issn=0306-4220&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F0306422018819354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUSTA-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUSTA_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardozo2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cardozo, Mario Hurtado (2017-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistas.usantotomas.edu.co/index.php/iusta/article/view/3810">"Crisis de la forma jurídica y el despertar antisistémico: una mirada desde el pluralismo jurídico de las Juntas de Buen Gobierno (jbg)"</a>. <i>IUSTA</i> (in Spanish). <b>2</b> (47): 28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15332%2Fs1900-0448.2017.0047.04">10.15332/s1900-0448.2017.0047.04</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2500-5286">2500-5286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723061447/https://revistas.usantotomas.edu.co/index.php/iusta/article/view/3810">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUSTA&rft.atitle=Crisis+de+la+forma+jur%C3%ADdica+y+el+despertar+antisist%C3%A9mico%3A+una+mirada+desde+el+pluralismo+jur%C3%ADdico+de+las+Juntas+de+Buen+Gobierno+%28jbg%29&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15332%2Fs1900-0448.2017.0047.04&rft.issn=2500-5286&rft.aulast=Cardozo&rft.aufirst=Mario+Hurtado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistas.usantotomas.edu.co%2Findex.php%2Fiusta%2Farticle%2Fview%2F3810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColella2017" class="citation web cs1">Colella, Chris (Winter 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.evergreen.edu/ccc/other/the-rojava-revolution/">"The Rojava Revolution: Oil, Water, and Liberation – Commodities, Conflict, and Cooperation"</a>. <i>Commodities, Conflict, and Cooperation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_State_College" title="Evergreen State College">Evergreen State College</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723092142/https://sites.evergreen.edu/ccc/other/the-rojava-revolution/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commodities%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Cooperation&rft.atitle=The+Rojava+Revolution%3A+Oil%2C+Water%2C+and+Liberation+%E2%80%93+Commodities%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Cooperation&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Colella&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.evergreen.edu%2Fccc%2Fother%2Fthe-rojava-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavran2016" class="citation journal cs1">Savran, Yagmur (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchiststudies/vol-24-issue-1/abstract-9306/">"The Rojava Revolution and British Solidarity"</a>. <i>Anarchist Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723100914/https://journals.lwbooks.co.uk/anarchiststudies/vol-24-issue-1/abstract-9306/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-23</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_%26_Wishart" title="Lawrence & Wishart">Lawrence & Wishart</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anarchist+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Rojava+Revolution+and+British+Solidarity&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Savran&rft.aufirst=Yagmur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lwbooks.co.uk%2Fanarchiststudies%2Fvol-24-issue-1%2Fabstract-9306%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aretaios-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aretaios_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aretaios_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAretaios2015" class="citation web cs1">Aretaios, Evangelos (March 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/rojava-revolution/">"The Rojava revolution"</a>. <i>openDemocracy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221052628/https://www.opendemocracy.net/arab-awakening/evangelos-aretaios/rojava-revolution">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=The+Rojava+revolution&rft.date=2015-03-15&rft.aulast=Aretaios&rft.aufirst=Evangelos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fnorth-africa-west-asia%2Frojava-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unitedexplanations-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unitedexplanations_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unitedexplanations.org/english/2016/01/18/what-is-municipalism-and-why-is-it-gaining-presence-in-spain/">"United Explanations – What is municipalism and why is it gaining presence in Spain?"</a>. 18 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240909115833/https://unitedexplanations.org/english/2016/01/18/what-is-municipalism-and-why-is-it-gaining-presence-in-spain/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Explanations+%E2%80%93+What+is+municipalism+and+why+is+it+gaining+presence+in+Spain%3F&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funitedexplanations.org%2Fenglish%2F2016%2F01%2F18%2Fwhat-is-municipalism-and-why-is-it-gaining-presence-in-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r132-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r132_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2021" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Jonathan S. (24 March 2021). <i>Between Realism and Revolt: Governing Cities in the Crisis of Neoliberal Globalism</i>. Bristol University Press. p. 27, 129, 139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1jf2c6b">10.2307/j.ctv1jf2c6b</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-1093-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5292-1093-4"><bdi>978-1-5292-1093-4</bdi></a>. <q>a heterodox array of egalitarian anti-austerity forces re-emerged across Europe and the USA, including "new municipalist" currents (Russell, 2019; Thompson, 2020). These currents... have been influenced mainly by network-theoretical ideas linked to Anarchist, <a href="/wiki/Altermondialiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Altermondialiste">Altermondialiste</a> and libertarian socialist traditions, in which solidarity is anchored by affinity (Day, 2005)... These themes have continued to influence struggles for the past 20 years, including anti-austerity movements and new municipalisms in which anarchist and libertarian socialist traditions ally uneasily with institutionalist and state-friendly variants of democratic socialism (Taylor, 2013; Barcelona en Comú, 2019).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Realism+and+Revolt%3A+Governing+Cities+in+the+Crisis+of+Neoliberal+Globalism&rft.pages=27%2C+129%2C+139&rft.pub=Bristol+University+Press&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1jf2c6b&rft.isbn=978-1-5292-1093-4&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chile-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chile_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomnews.org.uk/2019/01/08/interview-the-anarchists-of-chile/">"Interview: The anarchists of Chile"</a>. <i>Freedom News</i>. 8 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240909140458/https://freedomnews.org.uk/2019/01/08/interview-the-anarchists-of-chile/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+News&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+The+anarchists+of+Chile&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomnews.org.uk%2F2019%2F01%2F08%2Finterview-the-anarchists-of-chile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/partidos_politicos/wiki/Partido_Convergencia_Social">"Partidos, movimientos y coaliciones: Partido Convergencia Social"</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress of Chile">Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304083823/https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/partidos_politicos/wiki/Partido_Convergencia_Social">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partidos%2C+movimientos+y+coaliciones%3A+Partido+Convergencia+Social&rft.pub=Biblioteca+del+Congreso+Nacional+de+Chile&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcn.cl%2Fhistoriapolitica%2Fpartidos_politicos%2Fwiki%2FPartido_Convergencia_Social&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o709-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-o709_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Economist2022" class="citation news cs1">The Economist (12 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/03/12/a-new-group-of-left-wing-presidents-takes-over-in-latin-america">"A new group of left-wing presidents takes over in Latin America"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240913100345/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2022/03/12/a-new-group-of-left-wing-presidents-takes-over-in-latin-america">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>WHEN GABRIEL BORIC, who is 36 and calls himself a "libertarian socialist", is sworn in as Chile's president on March 11th it will mark the most radical reshaping of his country's politics in more than 30 years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+new+group+of+left-wing+presidents+takes+over+in+Latin+America&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft.au=The+Economist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-americas%2F2022%2F03%2F12%2Fa-new-group-of-left-wing-presidents-takes-over-in-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoric2022" class="citation interview cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boric, Gabriel (21 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-60083855">"No espero que las élites estén de acuerdo conmigo, pero sí que dejen de tenernos miedo"</a>. <i>BBC News Mundo</i> (Interview) (in Spanish). Interviewed by Andrea Vial Herrera. Santiago de Chile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318154851/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-60083855">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>Yo provengo de la tradición socialista libertaria americanista chilena.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Mundo&rft.atitle=No+espero+que+las+%C3%A9lites+est%C3%A9n+de+acuerdo+conmigo%2C+pero+s%C3%AD+que+dejen+de+tenernos+miedo&rft.date=2022-01-21&rft.aulast=Boric&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fmundo%2Fnoticias-america-latina-60083855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a527-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a527_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-stream/2022/3/23/can-a-rise-of-leftist-leaders-bring-real-change-to-latin-america">"Can a rise of leftist leaders bring real change to Latin America?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 23 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412181339/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-stream/2022/3/23/can-a-rise-of-leftist-leaders-bring-real-change-to-latin-america">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Boric, who considers himself a libertarian-socialist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Can+a+rise+of+leftist+leaders+bring+real+change+to+Latin+America%3F&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fthe-stream%2F2022%2F3%2F23%2Fcan-a-rise-of-leftist-leaders-bring-real-change-to-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998306-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998306_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012295–296Ojeili2001393-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPintaBerry2012295–296Ojeili2001393_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPintaBerry2012">Pinta & Berry 2012</a>, pp. 295–296; <a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1Ojeili2001393-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005392n1Ojeili2001393_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 392n1; <a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001393-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001393_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bookchin-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bookchin_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs2023" class="citation journal cs1">Affairs, Current (31 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2023/05/introducing-murray-bookchin-the-extraordinary-originator-of-social-ecology">"Introducing Murray Bookchin, the Extraordinary Originator of 'Social Ecology'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Current Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910061820/https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2023/05/introducing-murray-bookchin-the-extraordinary-originator-of-social-ecology">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Affairs&rft.atitle=Introducing+Murray+Bookchin%2C+the+Extraordinary+Originator+of+%27Social+Ecology%27&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=Current&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.currentaffairs.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F05%2Fintroducing-murray-bookchin-the-extraordinary-originator-of-social-ecology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leval, Gaston (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gaston-leval-libertarian-socialism-a-practical-outline">"Libertarian Socialism: A Practical Outline"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808110924/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gaston-leval-libertarian-socialism-a-practical-outline">Archived</a> 2019-08-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 22 August 2020 – via The Anarchist Library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r993-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r993_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, Nick (27 September 2016). "E. P. Thompson and Cultural Sociology: Questions of Poetics, Capitalism and the Commons". <i>Cultural Sociology</i>. <b>11</b> (1). SAGE Publications: 11–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1749975516655462">10.1177/1749975516655462</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-9755">1749-9755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Sociology&rft.atitle=E.+P.+Thompson+and+Cultural+Sociology%3A+Questions+of+Poetics%2C+Capitalism+and+the+Commons&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-27&rft.date=2016-09-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1749975516655462&rft.issn=1749-9755&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Löwy_&_Besancenot-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Löwy_&_Besancenot_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLöwyBesancenot2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_L%C3%B6wy" title="Michael Löwy">Löwy, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Besancenot" title="Olivier Besancenot">Besancenot, Olivier</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23269995.2018.1459332">"Expanding the horizon: for a Libertarian Marxism"</a>. <i>Global Discourse</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23269995.2018.1459332">10.1080/23269995.2018.1459332</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149816533">149816533</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221113230908/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23269995.2018.1459332">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Discourse&rft.atitle=Expanding+the+horizon%3A+for+a+Libertarian+Marxism&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23269995.2018.1459332&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149816533%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Besancenot%2C+Olivier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F23269995.2018.1459332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2004" class="citation journal cs1">Price, Wayne (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utopianmag.com/archives/libertarian-marxisms-relation-to-anarchism/">"Libertarian Marxism's Relation to Anarchism"</a>. <i>The Utopian</i>. <b>4</b>: 75–76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307140518/http://www.utopianmag.com/archives/libertarian-marxisms-relation-to-anarchism/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Utopian&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Marxism%27s+Relation+to+Anarchism&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=75-76&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utopianmag.com%2Farchives%2Flibertarian-marxisms-relation-to-anarchism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOjeili2001_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOjeili2001">Ojeili 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a217-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-a217_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a217_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1973" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, L. P. (1973). <i>G. D. H. Cole</i>. Cambridge [Eng.]: CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-08702-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-08702-3"><bdi>0-521-08702-3</bdi></a>. <q>In his conversion to socialism as Morris had described it, Cole entered the socialist movement on the libertarian wing.[p.11]... Guild Socialism was an important restatement of the libertarian features of British socialism.[p.45]... [Cole] occasionally called himself a Marxist, within this humanistic, empiricist interpretation. Cole could accept this kind of Marxism because Marx's philosophy of history contains basic insights reached independently by libertarian British socialists from their own experience. The Marxism he set forth in <i>The Meaning of Marxism</i> was really the common sense of the British Labour movement.[p.227</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G.+D.+H.+Cole&rft.place=Cambridge+%5BEng.%5D&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-521-08702-3&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d245-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-d245_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowie2022" class="citation book cs1">Bowie, Duncan (2022). <i>Twentieth Century Socialism in Britain</i>. Socialist History Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9163423-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9163423-5-4"><bdi>978-1-9163423-5-4</bdi></a>. <q><a href="/wiki/Fred_Henderson" title="Fred Henderson">Henderson</a> [formerly in the Socialist League and later in the ILP] was a libertarian socialist and was also closed to a number of anarchists, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Charles_(anarchist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Charles (anarchist) (page does not exist)">Fred Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mowbray" title="Charles Mowbray">Charles Mowbray</a> who were also active in the Norwich socialist movement.[p.12]... <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a> was pluralist in his politics but can best be described as a libertarian socialist and pacifist, conviction he retained throughout his life.[p.17]... <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a> adopted an <a href="/wiki/Anti-parliamentary_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-parliamentary communism">antiparliamentary</a> position and collaborated with other libertarians including her partner, the Italian anarchist, <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Corio" title="Silvio Corio">Sylvio [sic] Corio</a>.[p.23]... <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyond_The_Fragment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyond The Fragment (page does not exist)">Beyond The Fragment</a></i> [adopted] a pluralist libertarian socialist approach...[p.59]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Socialism+in+Britain&rft.pub=Socialist+History+Society&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-9163423-5-4&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e782-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e782_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodway, David (1 October 2006). <i>Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow: Left-Libertarian Thought and British Writers from William Morris to Colin Ward</i>. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5949%2Fliverpool%2F9781846310256.003.0002">10.5949/liverpool/9781846310256.003.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-025-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-025-6"><bdi>978-1-84631-025-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Seeds+Beneath+the+Snow%3A+Left-Libertarian+Thought+and+British+Writers+from+William+Morris+to+Colin+Ward&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2006-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5949%2Fliverpool%2F9781846310256.003.0002&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-025-6&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m086-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m086_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowie2018" class="citation web cs1">Bowie, Duncan (13 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chartist.org.uk/common-wealth-manifesto-1943/">"Common Wealth Manifesto, 1943"</a>. <i>Chartist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529234706/https://www.chartist.org.uk/common-wealth-manifesto-1943/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Its programme of common ownership echoed that of the Labour Party but stemmed from a more idealistic perspective, later termed "libertarian socialist". It came to reject the State-dominated form of socialism adopted by Labour under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Fabians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabians">Sidney and Beatrice Webb</a>, increasingly aligning itself instead with co-operative, syndicalist and guild socialist traditions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chartist&rft.atitle=Common+Wealth+Manifesto%2C+1943&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chartist.org.uk%2Fcommon-wealth-manifesto-1943%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l653-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l653_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorEnderby2021" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Antony; Enderby, John (15 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shura.shu.ac.uk/28439/10/Taylor-FromFlameEmbers%28VoR%29.pdf">"From 'flame' to embers? Whatever happened to the English radical tradition c.1880-2020?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cultural and Social History</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 243–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14780038.2021.1893922">10.1080/14780038.2021.1893922</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-0038">1478-0038</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703170445/https://shura.shu.ac.uk/28439/10/Taylor-FromFlameEmbers(VoR).pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>During the 1940s, the radical tradition was pushed to the margins... The spirit of libertarian socialism opposed to the statism of Labour was very apparent in this strain of politics, especially in the public utterances of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Acland" title="Richard Acland">Richard Acland</a>, and the new Common Wealth party.[pp.249-50]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+and+Social+History&rft.atitle=From+%27flame%27+to+embers%3F+Whatever+happened+to+the+English+radical+tradition+c.1880-2020%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-264&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14780038.2021.1893922&rft.issn=1478-0038&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft.au=Enderby%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshura.shu.ac.uk%2F28439%2F10%2FTaylor-FromFlameEmbers%2528VoR%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c469-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-c469_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway" class="citation web cs1">Goodway, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.socialisthistorysociety.co.uk/?p=1240">"G.D.H. Cole: A Libertarian Trapped in the Labour Party"</a>. <i>Socialist History Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240911143854/https://www.socialisthistorysociety.co.uk/?p=1240">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Socialist+History+Society&rft.atitle=G.D.H.+Cole%3A+A+Libertarian+Trapped+in+the+Labour+Party&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socialisthistorysociety.co.uk%2F%3Fp%3D1240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hain-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hain_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hain_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHain2000" class="citation web cs1">Hain, Peter (July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615004638/http://www.archive.chartist.org.uk/articles/britpol/july_hain.html">"Rediscovering our libertarian roots"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chartist_(magazine)" title="Chartist (magazine)">Chartist</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.chartist.org.uk/articles/britpol/july_hain.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chartist&rft.atitle=Rediscovering+our+libertarian+roots&rft.date=2000-07&rft.aulast=Hain&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.chartist.org.uk%2Farticles%2Fbritpol%2Fjuly_hain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g201-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g201_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway2016" class="citation book cs1">Goodway, David (2016). "G.D.H. Cole: A Socialist and Pluralist". <i>Alternatives to State-Socialism in Britain</i>. Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 245–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-34162-0_9">10.1007/978-3-319-34162-0_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34161-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-34161-3"><bdi>978-3-319-34161-3</bdi></a>. <q>ole continued to identify himself as a Guild Socialist: that is, he was a socialist pluralist, or libertarian socialist, and, perhaps surprisingly, sympathetic to anarchism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G.D.H.+Cole%3A+A+Socialist+and+Pluralist&rft.btitle=Alternatives+to+State-Socialism+in+Britain&rft.place=Cham&rft.series=Palgrave+Studies+in+the+History+of+Social+Movements&rft.pages=245-270&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-34162-0_9&rft.isbn=978-3-319-34161-3&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e385-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e385_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2023" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Peter Brian (16 August 2023). "George Orwell and Left-Libertarianism". <i>George Orwell</i>. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 189–217. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197627402.003.0007">10.1093/oso/9780197627402.003.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-762740-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-762740-2"><bdi>978-0-19-762740-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=George+Orwell+and+Left-Libertarianism&rft.btitle=George+Orwell&rft.pages=189-217&rft.pub=Oxford+University+PressNew+York&rft.date=2023-08-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780197627402.003.0007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-762740-2&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Peter+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f759-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f759_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodcock1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Woodcock" title="George Woodcock">Woodcock, George</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crystalspiritst00wood/"><i>The crystal spirit: A study of George Orwell</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-0755-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-0755-2"><bdi>978-0-8052-0755-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>[George] Orwell appeared on the platform with <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenner_Brockway" title="Fenner Brockway">Fenner Brockway</a> and a few other leaders of the libertarian Left.[p.18]... <a href="/wiki/Julian_Symons" title="Julian Symons">Julian Symons</a> was substantially correct when he said, in his <i><a href="/wiki/London_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="London Magazine">London Magazine</a></i> article, that Orwell retained his faith in libertarian socialism until his death, but that in the end this belief 'was expressed for him more sympathetically in the personalities of unpractical Anarchists than in the slide rule Socialists who made up the bulk of the British <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labor_Party" title="Parliamentary Labor Party">Parliamentary Labor Party</a>'.[p.27]... Orwell's affinities were...with William Morris, another libertarian Socialist who distrusted doctrinaires.[p.83]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+crystal+spirit%3A+A+study+of+George+Orwell&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8052-0755-2&rft.aulast=Woodcock&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrystalspiritst00wood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-u099-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u099_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2015" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Kenneth O. (22 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics/historian-looks-labour-favourites-prospects-6302363">"Historian looks at Labour favourite's prospects of leading from the left"</a>. <i>Daily Record</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910174025/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics/historian-looks-labour-favourites-prospects-6302363">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Foot also was a distinctly libertarian socialist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Historian+looks+at+Labour+favourite%27s+prospects+of+leading+from+the+left&rft.date=2015-08-22&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyrecord.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhistorian-looks-labour-favourites-prospects-6302363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m989-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m989_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlands2012" class="citation web cs1">Rowlands, Carl (18 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labourlist.org/2012/02/securing-a-legacy-for-michael-foot/">"Securing a legacy for Michael Foot"</a>. <i>LabourList</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240911090716/https://labourlist.org/2012/02/securing-a-legacy-for-michael-foot/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Michael Foot is well recognised as a libertarian socialist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LabourList&rft.atitle=Securing+a+legacy+for+Michael+Foot&rft.date=2012-02-18&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flabourlist.org%2F2012%2F02%2Fsecuring-a-legacy-for-michael-foot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p963-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p963_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowie2020" class="citation web cs1">Bowie, Duncan (12 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chartist.org.uk/arguments-for-socialism-tony-benn-1979/">"Tony Benn: Arguments for Socialism (1979)"</a>. <i>Chartist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910212003/https://www.chartist.org.uk/arguments-for-socialism-tony-benn-1979/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Interested in the history of <a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">ethical socialism</a>, having been sympathetic to the wartime <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Wealth_party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Wealth party (page does not exist)">Common Wealth party</a> in his youth, Benn became interested in a more libertarian socialist approach, supporting the syndicalist <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Workers_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Workers Control">Institute for Workers Control</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Clyde_Shipbuilders" title="Upper Clyde Shipbuilders">Upper Clyde Shipbuilders</a> workers cooperative of 1975 and advocating <a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">industrial democracy</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chartist&rft.atitle=Tony+Benn%3A+Arguments+for+Socialism+%281979%29&rft.date=2020-04-12&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chartist.org.uk%2Farguments-for-socialism-tony-benn-1979%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v276-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v276_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1752805.stm">"the establishment radical"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=the+establishment+radical&rft.date=2002-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fpolitics%2F1752805.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g366-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g366_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Packman2012" class="citation web cs1">Carl Packman (29 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/book-review-outside-in-by-peter-hain/">"Book Review: Outside In by Peter Hain"</a>. <i>British Politics and Policy at LSE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Politics+and+Policy+at+LSE&rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Outside+In+by+Peter+Hain&rft.date=2012-01-29&rft.au=Carl+Packman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.lse.ac.uk%2Fpoliticsandpolicy%2Fbook-review-outside-in-by-peter-hain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l155-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-l155_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassmore1998" class="citation web cs1">Passmore, Biddy (15 May 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tes.com/magazine/archive/no-more-fire-plenty-sparkpeopleinterviewpeter-hain">"No more fire, but plenty of spark; Interview: Peter Hain"</a>. <i>Tes Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tes+Magazine&rft.atitle=No+more+fire%2C+but+plenty+of+spark%3B+Interview%3A+Peter+Hain&rft.date=1998-05-15&rft.aulast=Passmore&rft.aufirst=Biddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tes.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2Fno-more-fire-plenty-sparkpeopleinterviewpeter-hain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHain1995" class="citation book cs1">Hain, Peter (1995). <i>Ayes to the Left: A Future for Socialism</i>. Lawrence and Wishart. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ayestoleftfuture0000hain/page/8/mode/2up">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85315-832-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85315-832-5"><bdi>978-0-85315-832-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ayes+to+the+Left%3A+A+Future+for+Socialism&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Lawrence+and+Wishart&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-85315-832-5&rft.aulast=Hain&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j351-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-j351_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvarist_Bartolo2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evarist_Bartolo" title="Evarist Bartolo">Evarist Bartolo</a> (27 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.maltatoday.com.mt/2008/04/27/ebartolo.html">"Why I am a libertarian socialist"</a>. <i>MaltaToday</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MaltaToday&rft.atitle=Why+I+am+a+libertarian+socialist&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft.au=Evarist+Bartolo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.maltatoday.com.mt%2F2008%2F04%2F27%2Febartolo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith,_Baron_Smith_of_Finsbury" title="Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury">Chris Smith</a> said in 2005 that in recent years Cook had been setting out a vision of "libertarian, democratic socialism that was beginning to break the sometimes sterile boundaries of 'old' and 'New' Labour labels.".<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170828/http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article304442.ece">"Chris Smith: The House of Commons was Robin Cook's true home"</a>. Commentators, Opinion. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. 2005-08-08. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article304442.ece">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Chris+Smith%3A+The+House+of+Commons+was+Robin+Cook%27s+true+home&rft.date=2005-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomment.independent.co.uk%2Fcommentators%2Farticle304442.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137–138-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHahnel2005137–138_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahnel2005">Hahnel 2005</a>, pp. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998330-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998330_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998329–330-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998329–330_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 329–330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998318–319-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998318–319_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, pp. 318–319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong1998319-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong1998319_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong1998">Long 1998</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2012" class="citation book cs1">Berry, David (2012). "The Search for a Libertarian Communism: Daniel Guérin and the 'Synthesis' of Marxism and Anarchism". In Prichard, Alex; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 187–209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+a+Libertarian+Communism%3A+Daniel+Gu%C3%A9rin+and+the+%27Synthesis%27+of+Marxism+and+Anarchism&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=187-209&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoraman2012" class="citation book cs1">Boraman, Toby (2012). "Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s". In Prichard, Alex; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 251–274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carnival+and+Class%3A+Anarchism+and+Councilism+in+Australasia+during+the+1970s&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=251-274&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Boraman&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornell2012" class="citation book cs1">Cornell, Andrew (2012). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'White Skin, Black Masks': Marxist and Anti-racist Roots of Contemporary US Anarchism". In Prichard, Alex; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 167–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27White+Skin%2C+Black+Masks%27%3A+Marxist+and+Anti-racist+Roots+of+Contemporary+US+Anarchism&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=167-186&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnel2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Hahnel, Robin</a> (2005). "Libertarian Socialism: What Went Wrong?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CI5d2CpL60oC"><i>Economic Justice and Democracy: From Competition to Cooperation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93344-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93344-7"><bdi>0-415-93344-7</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+What+Went+Wrong%3F&rft.btitle=Economic+Justice+and+Democracy%3A+From+Competition+to+Cooperation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-93344-7&rft.aulast=Hahnel&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCI5d2CpL60oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinnaPrichard2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Prichard, Alex (2012). "Introduction". In Prichard, Alex; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 1–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=1-16&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Kinna&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Prichard%2C+Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_T._Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderick T. Long">Long, Roderick T.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://praxeology.net/libclass-theory-part-1.pdf">"Toward a Libertarian Theory of Class"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Social Philosophy and Policy</i>. <b>15</b> (2): 303–349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0265052500002028">10.1017/S0265052500002028</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145150666">145150666</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008045143/https://praxeology.net/libclass-theory-part-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Philosophy+and+Policy&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Libertarian+Theory+of+Class&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=303-349&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0265052500002028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145150666%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Roderick+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpraxeology.net%2Flibclass-theory-part-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author)" title="Peter Marshall (author)">Marshall, Peter H.</a> (2008) [1992]. <i><a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible" title="Demanding the Impossible">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1"><bdi>978-0-00-686245-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218212571">218212571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218212571&rft.isbn=978-0-00-686245-1&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOjeili2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ojeili, Chamsy (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynature.org/vol7/ojeili_intellectuals.htm">"The "Advance Without Authority": Post-modernism, Libertarian Socialism, and Intellectuals"</a>. <i>Democracy & Nature</i>. <b>7</b> (3). Taylor & Francis: 391–413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10855660120092294">10.1080/10855660120092294</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-3720">1469-3720</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630000109/https://www.democracynature.org/vol7/ojeili_intellectuals.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democracy+%26+Nature&rft.atitle=The+%22Advance+Without+Authority%22%3A+Post-modernism%2C+Libertarian+Socialism%2C+and+Intellectuals&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=391-413&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10855660120092294&rft.issn=1469-3720&rft.aulast=Ojeili&rft.aufirst=Chamsy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynature.org%2Fvol7%2Fojeili_intellectuals.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPintaBerry2012" class="citation book cs1">Pinta, Saku; Berry, David (2012). "Towards a Libertarian Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?". In Prichard, Alex; Kinna, Ruth; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 294–303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Libertarian+Socialism+for+the+Twenty-First+Century%3F&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=294-303&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Pinta&rft.aufirst=Saku&rft.au=Berry%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPintaKinnaPrichardBerry2017" class="citation book cs1">Pinta, Saku; Kinna, Ruth; Prichard, Alex; Berry, David (2017). "Preface". In Prichard, Alex; Kinna, Ruth; Pinta, Saku; Berry, David (eds.). <i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/PM_Press" title="PM Press">PM Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62963-390-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62963-390-9"><bdi>978-1-62963-390-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016959590">2016959590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.place=Oakland%2C+California&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016959590&rft.isbn=978-1-62963-390-9&rft.aulast=Pinta&rft.aufirst=Saku&rft.au=Kinna%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Prichard%2C+Alex&rft.au=Berry%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVrousalis2011" class="citation journal cs1">Vrousalis, Nicholas (April 2011). "Libertarian Socialism: A Better Reconciliation between Equality and Self-Ownership". <i>Social Theory & Practice</i>. <b>37</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a>: 211–226. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2154-123X">2154-123X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23558541">23558541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Theory+%26+Practice&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+A+Better+Reconciliation+between+Equality+and+Self-Ownership&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=211-226&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23558541%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2154-123X&rft.aulast=Vrousalis&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChomsky1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky, Noam</a> (1988). Otero, Carlos P. (ed.). <i>Language and Politics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>: Black Rose Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-921689-35-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-921689-35-7"><bdi>0-921689-35-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22007051">22007051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Politics&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22007051&rft.isbn=0-921689-35-7&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson2013" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, Matt (2013). <i>Late modernity, individualization and socialism: An Associational Critique of Neoliberalism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_MacMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgrave MacMillan">Palgrave MacMillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137003423">10.1057/9781137003423</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137003423" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137003423"><bdi>978-1137003423</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+modernity%2C+individualization+and+socialism%3A+An+Associational+Critique+of+Neoliberalism&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137003423&rft.isbn=978-1137003423&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodway, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-goodway-anarchist-seeds-beneath-the-snow"><i>Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_University_Press" title="Liverpool University Press">Liverpool University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84631-025-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84631-025-3"><bdi>1-84631-025-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Seeds+Beneath+the+Snow&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-84631-025-3&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fdavid-goodway-anarchist-seeds-beneath-the-snow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2020" class="citation book cs1">Cole, G. D. H. (2020-11-16). <i>Towards a Libertarian Socialism</i>. AK Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-389-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-389-2"><bdi>978-1-84935-389-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+a+Libertarian+Socialism&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-389-2&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=G.+D.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin, Daniel</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anarchismfromthe00guer/"><i>Anarchism: From Theory to Practice</i></a>. Translated by Klopper, Mary. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthly Review Press">Monthly Review Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85345-175-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85345-175-3"><bdi>0-85345-175-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/71-105316">71-105316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+From+Theory+to+Practice&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Monthly+Review+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F71-105316&rft.isbn=0-85345-175-3&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanarchismfromthe00guer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahnel2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Hahnel, Robin</a> (2012). "The Economic Crisis and Libertarian Socialists". In Shannon, Deric; Nocella, Anthony J.; Asimakopoulos, John (eds.). <i>The Accumulation of Freedom: Writings on Anarchist Economics</i>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. 159–177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5"><bdi>978-1-84935-094-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011936250">2011936250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Crisis+and+Libertarian+Socialists&rft.btitle=The+Accumulation+of+Freedom%3A+Writings+on+Anarchist+Economics&rft.pages=159-177&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011936250&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-094-5&rft.aulast=Hahnel&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010a" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (2010a). "Rethinking Anarchism and Syndicalism: the colonial and postcolonial experience, 1870–1940". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <i>Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</i>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. xxxi–lxxiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004188495" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004188495"><bdi>978-9004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism%3A+the+colonial+and+postcolonial+experience%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=xxxi-lxxiii&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=978-9004188495&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=van+der+Walt%2C+Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschvan_der_Walt2010b" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (2010b). "Final Reflections: the vicissitudes of anarchist and syndicalist trajectories, 1940 to the present". In Hirsch, Steven J.; <a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a> (eds.). <i>Anarchism and Syndicalism in the Colonial and Postcolonial World, 1870–1940</i>. Studies in Global Social History. Vol. 6. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. pp. 395–412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004188495" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004188495"><bdi>978-9004188495</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/868808983">868808983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Final+Reflections%3A+the+vicissitudes+of+anarchist+and+syndicalist+trajectories%2C+1940+to+the+present&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Syndicalism+in+the+Colonial+and+Postcolonial+World%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Studies+in+Global+Social+History&rft.pages=395-412&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F868808983&rft.isbn=978-9004188495&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft.au=van+der+Walt%2C+Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2012" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Carl (2012). "Antonio Gramsci, Anarchism, Syndicalism and Sovversivismo". In Prichard, Alex; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a>; Pinta, Saku; Berry, Dave (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/edited-by-alex-prichard-ruth-kinna-saku-pinta-david-berry-libertarian-socialism#toc35"><i>Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 96–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28037-3"><bdi>978-0-230-28037-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309034133/https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/edited-by-alex-prichard-ruth-kinna-saku-pinta-david-berry-libertarian-socialism#toc35">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antonio+Gramsci%2C+Anarchism%2C+Syndicalism+and+Sovversivismo&rft.btitle=Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Politics+in+Black+and+Red&rft.pages=96-115&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28037-3&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fedited-by-alex-prichard-ruth-kinna-saku-pinta-david-berry-libertarian-socialism%23toc35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasquelier2014" class="citation book cs1">Masquelier, Charles (2014). <i>Critical Theory and Libertarian Socialism: Realizing the Political Potential of Critical Social Theory</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-1928-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-1928-5"><bdi>978-1-4411-1928-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Theory+and+Libertarian+Socialism%3A+Realizing+the+Political+Potential+of+Critical+Social+Theory&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-1928-5&rft.aulast=Masquelier&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMclaverty2005" class="citation journal cs1">Mclaverty, Peter (2005). "Socialism and libertarianism". <i>Journal of Political Ideologies</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 185–198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13569310500097349">10.1080/13569310500097349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144693867">144693867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Political+Ideologies&rft.atitle=Socialism+and+libertarianism&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-198&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13569310500097349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144693867%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mclaverty&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2012" class="citation book cs1">Price, Wayne (2012). "The Anarchist Method: An Experimental Approach to Post-Capitalist Economies". In Shannon, Deric; Nocella, Anthony J.; Asimakopoulos, John (eds.). <i>The Accumulation of Freedom: Writings on Anarchist Economics</i>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. 313–325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5"><bdi>978-1-84935-094-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011936250">2011936250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Anarchist+Method%3A+An+Experimental+Approach+to+Post-Capitalist+Economies&rft.btitle=The+Accumulation+of+Freedom%3A+Writings+on+Anarchist+Economics&rft.pages=313-325&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011936250&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-094-5&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShannonNocellaAsimakopoulos2012" class="citation book cs1">Shannon, Deric; Nocella, Anthony J.; Asimakopoulos, John, eds. (2012). "Anarchist Economics: A Holistic View". <i>The Accumulation of Freedom: Writings on Anarchist Economics</i>. <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. pp. 11–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84935-094-5"><bdi>978-1-84935-094-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011936250">2011936250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchist+Economics%3A+A+Holistic+View&rft.btitle=The+Accumulation+of+Freedom%3A+Writings+on+Anarchist+Economics&rft.pages=11-39&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011936250&rft.isbn=978-1-84935-094-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_WaltSchmidt2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_van_der_Walt" title="Lucien van der Walt">van der Walt, Lucien</a>; Schmidt, Michael (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Flame_(book)" title="Black Flame (book)">Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-16-1"><bdi>978-1-904859-16-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2006933558">2006933558</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1100238201">1100238201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flame%3A+The+Revolutionary+Class+Politics+of+Anarchism+and+Syndicalism&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1100238201&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2006933558&rft.isbn=978-1-904859-16-1&rft.aulast=van+der+Walt&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALibertarian+socialism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_socialism_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian socialism navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarian_socialism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libertarian socialism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools<br />of thought</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">Anarchist communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_ou_Barbarie" title="Socialisme ou Barbarie">Chalieu-Montal Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudo-Marxism" title="Freudo-Marxism">Freudo-Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Communist_symbolism#Red_and_black_flag" title="Communist symbolism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/100px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/150px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anarchist_flag.svg/200px-Anarchist_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_cooperative" title="Worker cooperative">Worker cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_control" title="Workers' control">Workers' control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Models</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_planning_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized planning (economics)">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialization (economics)">Socialization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">People</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Joseph Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Gustav Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Maragall" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesc Pi i Maragall">Francesc Pi i Maragall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Wilhelm Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rudolf Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%BChle" title="Otto Rühle">Otto Rühle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Albert" title="Michael Albert">Michael Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Takis Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Robin Hahnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Daniel Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Pallis" title="Chris Pallis">Chris Pallis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association" title="International Workingmen's Association">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1917%E2%80%931923" title="Revolutions of 1917–1923">Revolutions of 1917–1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_social_movements" title="New social movements">New social movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarchism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism" title="Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism" title="Template talk:Anarchism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarchism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_theory" title="Category:Anarchist theory">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Black_Cross" title="Anarchist Black Cross">Anarchist Black Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_criminology" title="Anarchist criminology">Anarchist criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li>Libertarian socialism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libertarianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarianism" title="Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarianism" title="Template talk:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian capitalism</a></span><br /><span style="vertical-align:1px;">(<a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Conservative libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_transhumanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian transhumanism">Libertarian transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical liberalism">Neo-classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libertarian socialism</a></span><br /><span style="vertical-align:1px;">(<a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">agorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian communism">libertarian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho syndicalism">syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_freedom" title="Artistic freedom">Artistic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalization of sex work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">Expropriative anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism#Federalism_and_localism_in_anarchist_political_theory" title="Federalism">Federalism (anarchist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#Libertarian" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">Freedom of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">Freedom of conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">Individual reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">Libertarianism (metaphysics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">de Molinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Simon" title="Julian Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">de La Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action" title="Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Political alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_War_on_Drugs" title="Legality of the War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law,_Legislation_and_Liberty" title="Law, Legislation and Liberty">Law, Legislation and Liberty</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973–1979)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-collectivism">Anti-collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Anti-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrats</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Technolibertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/28px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/42px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/56px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></b></li> <li><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism" title="Template:Socialism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism" title="Template talk:Socialism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a> - <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Schools of<br />thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simonianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Simonianism">Saint-Simonianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Libertarian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">from below</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Left-wing laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing market anarchism">Left-wing market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg#Thought" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity#Mao-Spontex" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Mao-Spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Pabloism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist" title="Fourth International Posadist">Posadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">Third camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism#Socialism_from_above" title="Authoritarian socialism">from above</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_communism" title="Barracks communism">Barracks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev" title="Sergey Nechayev">Nechayevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu#Ceaușescu's_policies" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husakism" title="Husakism">Husakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Kadarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchevism" class="mw-redirect" title="Khrushchevism">Khrushchevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Dengism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism_(Third_Worldism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoism (Third Worldism)">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Tkachevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lassallism" title="Lassallism">Lassallism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_leftism" title="Afro-Caribbean leftism">African-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Nationalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_socialism" title="Melanesian socialism">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">In one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">Real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics<br />and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">Dictatorship of the proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_outcome" title="Equality of outcome">Equality of outcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History of anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_communism" title="History of communism">History of communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History of social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">Impossibilism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">Mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">Planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_revolution" title="Proletarian revolution">Proletarian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialisation of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association of producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labor-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Organizational self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">Public ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_d%27Hupay" title="Victor d'Hupay">Victor d'Hupay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Gabriel Bonnot de Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Étienne-Gabriel Morelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" title="John Goodwyn Barmby">John Goodwyn Barmby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Barone" title="Enrico Barone">Enrico Barone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Eduard Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Louis Auguste Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buchez" title="Philippe Buchez">Philippe Buchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Philippe Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Francisco Largo Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Étienne Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Nikolay Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Prosper_Considerant" title="Victor Prosper Considerant">Victor Prosper Considerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_D%C3%A9mar" title="Claire Démar">Claire Démar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_D%C3%A9zamy" title="Théodore Dézamy">Théodore Dézamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy-Prosper_Enfantin" title="Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin">Prosper Enfantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">William Batchelder Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" title="Charles Hall (economist)">Charles Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Alexander Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Ferdinand Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Pyotr Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auguste_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Ledru-Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Pierre Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Macfarlane" title="Helen Macfarlane">Helen Macfarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Louise Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Mikhaylovsky" title="Nikolay Mikhaylovsky">Nikolay Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Pecqueur" title="Constantin Pecqueur">Constantin Pecqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Georgi Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Emilio_Recabarren" title="Luis Emilio Recabarren">Luis Emilio Recabarren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schulz" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz">Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Eugène Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thompson_(philosopher)" title="William Thompson (philosopher)">William Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Pyotr Tkachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Voilquin" title="Suzanne Voilquin">Suzanne Voilquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Josiah Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Weitling" title="Wilhelm Weitling">Wilhelm Weitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San" title="Aung San">Aung San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Barbusse" title="Henri Barbusse">Henri Barbusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Lee_Boggs" title="Grace Lee Boggs">Grace Lee Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmad Faiz">Faiz Ahmad Faiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Einar Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Hashmi" title="Safdar Hashmi">Safdar Hashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Ib%C3%A1rruri" title="Dolores Ibárruri">Dolores Ibárruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Posse" title="Pablo Iglesias Posse">Pablo Iglesias Posse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Jacoby" title="Russell Jacoby">Russell Jacoby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Kollontai" title="Alexandra Kollontai">Alexandra Kollontai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Claude Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun" title="Lu Xun">Lu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Marquet" title="Adrien Marquet">Adrien Marquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Dun" title="Mao Dun">Mao Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salama_Moussa" title="Salama Moussa">Salama Moussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Imre Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Ernst Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Paterson" title="Fred Paterson">Fred Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Renaudel" title="Pierre Renaudel">Pierre Renaudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Ranadive" title="B. T. Ranadive">B. T. Ranadive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Salvemini" title="Gaetano Salvemini">Gaetano Salvemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia" title="Ram Manohar Lohia">Ram Manohar Lohia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Howard Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Posadas" title="J. Posadas">J. Posadas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Pedro Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crow" title="Bob Crow">Bob Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Yanis Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Vaush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Left" title="Old Left">Old Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_by_state" title="Template:Socialism by state">Socialism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Socialism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Socialism">Socialism WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour" title="Portal:Organized Labour">Organized Labour portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/19px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/29px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/38px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/19px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/29px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/38px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/21px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/42px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/42px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/19px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/29px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/38px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Economics" title="Portal:Economics">Economics</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Libertarian socialism</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Libertarian_socialism" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Libertarian socialism">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Libertarian socialism">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Libertarian_socialism" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Libertarian socialism">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Socialism" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Socialism">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Libertarian_socialism" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Libertarian socialism">Textbooks</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852084" class="extiw" title="d:Q1852084">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&oldid=1259105720">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_socialism&oldid=1259105720</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarian_socialism" title="Category:Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" 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