Jimmy Carter | Academy of Achievement

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/","20200917235159","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1600386719"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128"/> <meta name="application-name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-144x144.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-70x70.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-150x150.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-310x150.png"/> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/favicon/mstile-310x310.png"/> <link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,600,400italic,600italic,700,700italic&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">  <title>Jimmy Carter | Academy of Achievement</title> <meta name="description" content=""Hi, I'm Jimmy Carter, and I'm going to be your next President." These were the first words many Americans ever heard from Jimmy Carter. A one-term governor from the Deep South with no Washington experience, professional political observers dismissed his candidacy as the longest of long shots. But the born-again Christian and peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia knew something the experts didn't. Americans were looking for fresh, untainted leadership to bridge the chasm of mistrust that had opened between the people and their government after the war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal. As President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, Jimmy Carter sought to make the United States a force for peace in the world, and made the promotion of human rights a centerpiece of his foreign policy. Over strenuous opposition, he secured ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty, honoring a long-term commitment of the United States to return control of the Canal to the Panamanian people. In the most dramatic achievement of his presidency, Carter personally mediated a peace settlement between Egypt and Israel, ending a 31-year state of war between the Jewish state and its largest Arab neighbor, and laying the groundwork for all subsequent Middle East peace negotiations. Since leaving office, Jimmy Carter has become the most active ex-president in the country's history — a humanitarian activist, bestselling author and traveling ambassador of peace, resolving international disputes and helping to monitor elections in newly emerging democracies. The man from Plains, Georgia is still providing the world with the moral leadership he first offered America in the 1970s. In 2002, his commitment to nonviolent conflict resolution around the world was recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize."/> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/> <meta name="googlebot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <meta name="bingbot" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Jimmy Carter | Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="og:description" content="<p class="inputTextFirst">"Hi, I'm Jimmy Carter, and I'm going to be your next President."</p> <p class="inputText">These were the first words many Americans ever heard from Jimmy Carter. A one-term governor from the Deep South with no Washington experience, professional political observers dismissed his candidacy as the longest of long shots. But the born-again Christian and peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia knew something the experts didn't. Americans were looking for fresh, untainted leadership to bridge the chasm of mistrust that had opened between the people and their government after the war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal.</p> <p class="inputText">As President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, Jimmy Carter sought to make the United States a force for peace in the world, and made the promotion of human rights a centerpiece of his foreign policy. Over strenuous opposition, he secured ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty, honoring a long-term commitment of the United States to return control of the Canal to the Panamanian people. In the most dramatic achievement of his presidency, Carter personally mediated a peace settlement between Egypt and Israel, ending a 31-year state of war between the Jewish state and its largest Arab neighbor, and laying the groundwork for all subsequent Middle East peace negotiations.</p> <p class="inputText">Since leaving office, Jimmy Carter has become the most active ex-president in the country's history — a humanitarian activist, bestselling author and traveling ambassador of peace, resolving international disputes and helping to monitor elections in newly emerging democracies. The man from Plains, Georgia is still providing the world with the moral leadership he first offered America in the 1970s. In 2002, his commitment to nonviolent conflict resolution around the world was recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.</p>"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Academy of Achievement"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-08-18T01:11:10+00:00"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carter-2-Feature-Image.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="2800"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@achievers1961"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@achievers1961"/> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#organization","name":"Academy of Achievement","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/","sameAs":["https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-academy-of-achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChe_87uh1H-NIMf3ndTjPFw","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement","https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://twitter.com/achievers1961"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/12.png","width":1200,"height":630,"caption":"Academy of Achievement"},"image":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#website","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/","name":"Academy of Achievement","description":"A museum of living history","publisher":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/search/{search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carter-2-Feature-Image.jpg","width":2800,"height":1120},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#webpage","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/","name":"Jimmy Carter | Academy of Achievement","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2016-10-16T17:44:51+00:00","dateModified":"2019-08-18T01:11:10+00:00","description":"\"Hi, I'm Jimmy Carter, and I'm going to be your next President.\" These were the first words many Americans ever heard from Jimmy Carter. A one-term governor from the Deep South with no Washington experience, professional political observers dismissed his candidacy as the longest of long shots. But the born-again Christian and peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia knew something the experts didn't. Americans were looking for fresh, untainted leadership to bridge the chasm of mistrust that had opened between the people and their government after the war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal. As President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, Jimmy Carter sought to make the United States a force for peace in the world, and made the promotion of human rights a centerpiece of his foreign policy. Over strenuous opposition, he secured ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty, honoring a long-term commitment of the United States to return control of the Canal to the Panamanian people. In the most dramatic achievement of his presidency, Carter personally mediated a peace settlement between Egypt and Israel, ending a 31-year state of war between the Jewish state and its largest Arab neighbor, and laying the groundwork for all subsequent Middle East peace negotiations. Since leaving office, Jimmy Carter has become the most active ex-president in the country's history \u2014\u00a0a humanitarian activist, bestselling author and traveling ambassador of peace, resolving international disputes and helping to monitor elections in newly emerging democracies. The man from Plains, Georgia is still providing the world with the moral leadership he first offered America in the 1970s. 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role="document"> <div class="content"> <main class="main"> <div class="feature-area__container"> <header class="feature-area feature-area--has-image ratio-container ratio-container--feature"> <figure class="feature-box"> <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image feature-area__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carter-2-Feature-Image.jpg [(max-width:544px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carter-2-Feature-Image-1400x560.jpg [(max-width:992px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/carter-2-Feature-Image.jpg"></div> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <figcaption class="feature-area__text ratio-container__text container"> <div class="feature-area__text-inner text-white"> <h2 class="serif-8 feature-area__text-subhead back"><a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever">All achievers</a></h2> <h1 class="serif-1 entry-title feature-area__text-headline">Jimmy Carter</h1> <h5 class="sans-6 feature-area__blurb">39th President of the United States</h5> </div> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </header> </div>  <nav class="in-page-nav row fixedsticky"> <ul class="nav text-xs-center clearfix" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link active" data-toggle="tab" href="#biography" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Biography">Biography</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#profile" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Profile">Profile</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#interview" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Interview">Interview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item col-xs-3"> <a class="nav-link" data-toggle="tab" href="#gallery" role="tab" data-gtm-category="tab" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever Gallery">Gallery</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <article class="post-2101 achiever type-achiever status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry careers-politician"> <div class="entry-content container clearfix">  <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="biography" role="tabpanel"> <section class="achiever--biography"> <div class="banner clearfix"> <div class="banner--single clearfix"> <div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="banner__image__container"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <img class="lazyload banner__image" data-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/WhatItTakes_carter-256-190x190.jpg" alt=""/> </figure> </a> </div> <div class="banner__text__container"> <h3 class="serif-3 banner__headline"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/what-it-takes/id1025864075?mt=2" target="_blank"> Listen to this achiever on <i>What It Takes</i> </a> </h3> <p class="sans-6 banner__text m-b-0"><i>What It Takes</i> is an audio podcast produced by the American Academy of Achievement featuring intimate, revealing conversations with influential leaders in the diverse fields of endeavor: public service, science and exploration, sports, technology, business, arts and humanities, and justice.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <header class="editorial-article__header col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 text-xs-center"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> <h3 class="serif-3 quote-marks">'Jimmy, when you have a blow to your pride and a horrible defeat, you can give up, or you can look on it as a way that God opens you to do different and even better things.' And, I said 'Ruth, I've been defeated for Governor in Georgia, and my political career is over. I don't have any future.'</h3> </header> </div> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar clearfix"> <h2 class="serif-3 p-b-1">Nobel Prize for Peace</h2> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> October 1, 1924 </dd> </div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24962" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24962" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24962 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24962 size-full lazyload" alt="James Earl Carter, Sr., with his children. The future president is on the right, with his sister Ruth and brother Billy. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="2766" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325-313x380.jpg 313w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325-626x760.jpg 626w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24962" class="wp-caption-text">James Earl Carter, Sr., with his three children. The future president, Jimmy, is on the right, with his sister Ruth and brother Billy. (Jimmy Carter Presidential Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>James Earl Carter, Jr. was born in the small farming town of Plains, Georgia. His father, James Earl Carter, Sr., known as Earl, was a farmer and businessman. His mother, Lillian, was a registered nurse. When Jimmy Carter was four years old, the family moved to a farm in the nearby community of Archery. Jimmy Carter has described the world of his childhood movingly in his 2001 book, <em>An Hour Before Daylight: Memoirs of a Rural Boyhood</em>. Although the Carter family home lacked both electricity and running water, the Carters were one of the more prosperous families in the community. Most of their neighbors — and young Jimmy’s playmates in Archery — were African American, but the rigid code of segregation required the separation of the races in school, in church and other public places. Carter’s mother, Lillian, flouted the custom by volunteering her services as midwife and health practitioner to her neighbors. His father carried on the more traditional role of the Southern landowner, eventually increasing his holdings to 4,000 acres, worked by mostly black tenant farmers. Earl Carter expanded his business dealings as peanut broker, warehouseman and retailer of farm supplies and equipment.</p> <figure id="attachment_24961" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24961" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24961 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24961 size-full lazyload" alt="Lillian Carter on the family farm with her daughter, Ruth, and her son Jimmy. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="2773" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324-312x380.jpg 312w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324-625x760.jpg 625w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24961" class="wp-caption-text">Lillian Carter on the family farm with her daughter, Ruth, and her son, Jimmy. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>Jimmy Carter was educated in the Plains public schools, and studied at Georgia Southwestern College and the Georgia Institute of Technology before entering the United States Naval Academy. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree and was commissioned as an Ensign in the United States Navy in 1946. Shortly after graduation, he married Rosalynn Smith of Plains.</p> <p>After serving on conventional submarines in both the Atlantic and Pacific, Carter joined the Navy’s pioneering nuclear submarine program. After graduate studies in nuclear physics at Union College in Schenectady, New York, Carter was selected by Admiral Hyman Rickover to serve as engineering officer of the Sea Wolf, America’s second nuclear submarine.</p> <p>Carter had reached the rank of full Lieutenant when his military career was cut short by the death of his father. In 1953, Carter resigned his commission, and returned with his wife and three sons to Plains to run the family’s farm and continue his father’s warehouse and farm supply businesses. Rosalynn, who initially resisted the move back to Plains, became the firm’s bookkeeper, and over the next years, Carter’s Warehouse grew into a profitable general-purpose seed and farm supply operation.</p> <figure id="attachment_24964" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24964" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24964 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24964 size-full lazyload" alt="Midshipman Carter of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="2787" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327-311x380.jpg 311w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327-622x760.jpg 622w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24964" class="wp-caption-text">Midshipman Jimmy Carter of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of his death at age 59, Earl Carter was serving in the Georgia House of Representatives, and Jimmy Carter too felt an obligation to serve his community. He was elected chairman of the Sumter County school board and then first president of the Georgia Planning Association. At the time, Georgia, like the rest of the South, was wracked with controversy over school desegregation. Carter entered the Democratic primary for the Georgia State Senate in 1962 as a moderate, seeking to counter the influence of the state’s strong segregationist faction. His opponents made a crude attempt to steal the election, registering fictitious voters in alphabetical order and recording the votes of persons long deceased. Carter exposed the fraud in court and took his seat in the Georgia Senate. Once in office, Carter proved himself one of the most able and dedicated members of the body and was easily re-elected to a second term. He has provided a fascinating account of these events in his 1992 book, <em>Turning Point: A Candidate, a State, and a Nation Come of Age</em>.</p> <p>Jimmy Carter lost his first race for Governor of Georgia in 1966, defeated by arch-segregationist Lester Maddox. A period of reflection followed, in which Carter, encouraged by his evangelist sister, Ruth Carter Stapleton, experienced a religious awakening. Until this time, by his own account, he was a “superficial” Christian. Afterwards, he described himself as “born again,” words that many Americans would hear for the first time when Jimmy Carter made his entrance on the national stage.</p> <figure id="attachment_24963" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24963" style="width: 2232px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24963 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24963 size-full lazyload" alt="1966: Jimmy Carter campaigning for governor of Georgia. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2232" height="2238" data-sizes="(max-width: 2232px) 100vw, 2232px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326.jpg 2232w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326-190x190.jpg 190w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326-380x380.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326-758x760.jpg 758w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24963" class="wp-caption-text">1966: Jimmy Carter campaigning for Governor of Georgia. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>Four years after his defeat, Carter ran for governor again and won. As Governor of Georgia, Carter worked hard to heal the state’s racial divisions, announcing in his inaugural address that “the time for racial discrimination is over.” It was an unprecedented statement for a Southern governor, but Carter made good on his words. He increased the number of African American state employees by 40 percent and hung portraits of Martin Luther King Jr. and other notable black Georgians in the state capitol. He equalized the funding of schools in rich and poor districts of the state, and created new educational facilities for prisoners and the developmentally disabled. He also streamlined the state’s administration and budgeting procedures, eliminating many government agencies and canceling a number of wasteful and environmentally destructive building projects. Governor Carter’s reputation for efficient administration, combined with his progressive record on civil rights, caught the attention of the national Democratic Party. At the 1972 convention, he made the nominating speech for Senator Henry Jackson.</p> <figure id="attachment_24955" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24955" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24955 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24955 size-full lazyload" alt="James E. (Jimmy) Carter, Jr., 39th President of the United States. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="2545" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318-340x380.jpg 340w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318-681x760.jpg 681w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24955" class="wp-caption-text">James E. (Jimmy) Carter, Jr., 39th President of the United States. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1973, Governor Carter became the Democratic National Committee campaign chairman for the 1974 congressional elections. In the wake of President Nixon’s resignation, and President Ford’s preemptive pardon of his predecessor, the Democrats enjoyed exceptional success in the 1974 congressional election. Barred by the Georgia constitution from running for a second term as governor, Jimmy Carter announced his decision to run for President of the United States. With the 1976 election still two years away, many observers thought Carter’s decision foolishly premature. A flock of better-known candidates crowded the field over the next two years, but Carter steadily lay the groundwork for his campaign, shaking hands and speaking to small crowds across the country. He made a special effort in Iowa, with its first-in-the-nation delegate selection caucuses.</p> <figure id="attachment_24980" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24980" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24980 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24980 size-full lazyload" alt="June 14, 1977: Johnny and June Carter Cash and family with President Jimmy Carter in the Oval Office of the White House. June Carter and Jimmy Carter are distant cousins." width="2280" height="1539" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149-380x257.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149-760x513.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24980" class="wp-caption-text">June 14, 1977: Johnny and June Carter Cash and family with President Jimmy Carter in the Oval Office of the White House. June Carter and Jimmy Carter are distant cousins. Johnny Cash was a legendary country singer.</figcaption></figure> <p>His 1975 autobiography, <em>Why Not the Best?,</em> introduced Carter to a wider public. To an electorate disenchanted with the established leadership of both parties in Washington, Jimmy Carter promised “a government as good and as competent and as compassionate as are the American people.” With his serene optimism, unpretentious manner and engaging smile, Carter began to capture the public’s imagination. After a startling victory in the Iowa caucuses, he defeated better-known candidates in primary after primary, steadily eliminating every possible rival for the nomination. Carter’s Southern origin and unabashed faith were powerful factors in helping him to unite antagonistic factions of his party. He won the Democratic nomination on the first ballot at the party’s convention in New York City’s Madison Square Garden.</p> <figure id="attachment_24950" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24950" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24950 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24950 size-full lazyload" alt="President Carter receives an old friend: Admiral Hyman Rickover, "Father of the Nuclear Navy." (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1866" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002-380x311.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002-760x622.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24950" class="wp-caption-text">President Jimmy Carter receives an old friend and mentor: Admiral Hyman Rickover, “Father of the Nuclear Navy.”</figcaption></figure> <p>The general election in 1976 was a close contest, but most historians agree that the three televised debates between Carter and incumbent President Gerald Ford helped put Carter over the top. Jimmy Carter was the first candidate from the Deep South to win the White House since Zachary Taylor in 1848. At his inauguration, Carter broke with precedent by walking down Pennsylvania Avenue with Rosalynn instead of riding in a limousine, as his predecessors had done. Carter’s down-to-earth style manifested itself in many small ways, such as his insistence on carrying his own garment bag when boarding Air Force One. He continued to teach Sunday school classes in Washington, as he had in Plains, and sent his daughter Amy to a public school in Washington. One of his first priorities as president was to heal a lingering wound of the Vietnam War. On his first day in office, he signed an executive order granting amnesty to those who had evaded the military draft during the Vietnam War, an amnesty that did not extend to deserters.</p> <figure id="attachment_24959" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24959" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24959 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24959 size-full lazyload" alt="President Carter visits the Kittredge School while promoting energy awareness. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1879" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322-760x626.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24959" class="wp-caption-text">President Carter visits the Kittredge School while promoting energy awareness. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>As president, Carter oversaw a reorganization of several executive branch departments to reflect his domestic priorities. The existing Department of Health, Education and Welfare was divided into two cabinet-level entities, the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services. A new, cabinet-level Department of Energy was created. Throughout his term, President Carter sought to coordinate a national policy of energy conservation to reduce America’s reliance on imported oil. At the same time, he pursued deregulation of transportation, communications, and finance.</p> <figure id="attachment_24974" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24974" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24974 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24974 size-full lazyload" alt="March 26, 1979: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the signing of the Camp David Accords, a peace treaty signed by Sadat and Begin. (CORBIS)" width="2280" height="1816" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords-380x303.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords-760x605.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24974" class="wp-caption-text">1979: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the signing of the Camp David Accords, a peace treaty signed by Sadat and Begin. (Corbis)</figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the Carter administration’s most noteworthy accomplishments came in the field of foreign affairs. President Carter established full diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China and made good on a long-standing American promise to return control of the Panama Canal to the Panamanians. After negotiating the necessary treaties with Panama, Carter prevailed in an exceptionally contentious ratification fight in the Senate.</p> <figure id="attachment_24951" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24951" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24951 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24951 size-full lazyload" alt="1978: President Sadat of Egypt, President Carter and Prime Minister Begin of Israel sign the "Camp David Accords: A Framework for Peace." (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1876" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222-760x625.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24951" class="wp-caption-text">1978: President Sadat of Egypt, President Carter and Prime Minister Begin of Israel sign the “Camp David Accords.”</figcaption></figure> <p>The outstanding achievement of the Carter presidency was the peace settlement between Israel and Egypt. Over 13 days of meetings at the presidential retreat, Camp David, Carter persuaded President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel to end the 31-year state of war between their countries. Egypt was the first of Israel’s Arab neighbors to make peace with the Jewish state. Israel ended its occupation of the Sinai peninsula and returned control of the territory to Egypt. President Carter later published his reflections on the Middle East conflict in his 1985 book, <em>The Blood of Abraham</em>.</p> <figure id="attachment_24949" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24949" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24949 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24949 size-full lazyload" alt="June 18, 1979: Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter meet in Vienna, Austria to negotiate the strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT II). (CORBIS)" width="2280" height="1811" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks-380x302.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks-760x604.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24949" class="wp-caption-text">June 18, 1979: Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev and President Carter meet in Vienna, Austria to negotiate the strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT II). The treaty sought to curtail manufacture of strategic nuclear weapons.</figcaption></figure> <p>President Carter also negotiated a Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II) with the Soviet Union, but before the Senate could vote to ratify the treaty, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, and Carter withdrew the treaty from consideration. The two superpowers agreed informally to abide by the terms of the treaty, although neither side ratified it officially.</p> <figure id="attachment_24976" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24976" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24976 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24976 size-full lazyload" alt="December 31, 1978: President Jimmy Carter and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran toast following a formal dinner in the Niavaran Palace in Tehran, Iran. (Bettmann/CORBIS)" width="2280" height="1519" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah-760x506.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24976" class="wp-caption-text">December 31, 1978: President Carter and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran toast following a formal dinner in Tehran.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1979 revolution in Iran provided the most trying foreign policy challenges of the Carter presidency. After the victory of a fundamentalist Islamic faction in the Iranian revolution, radical students seized the American embassy and held American diplomatic personnel hostage, while demanding that the United States deliver the deposed Shah of Iran, who had sought medical care in the United States. Even after the Shah’s departure from the United States and his subsequent death in Cairo, the government of Iran refused to return the American hostages. After an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the captive Americans, President Carter was able to secure the Iranian government’s agreement to release the hostages, but not until after he had been defeated for re-election by Ronald Reagan.</p> <figure id="attachment_24991" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24991" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24991 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24991 size-full lazyload" alt="November 20, 1980: President Jimmy Carter and First Lady Rosalynn Carter greet President-elect Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan, at the White House. (GENE FORTE,ARNOLD SACHS/AFP/Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1520" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter-380x253.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter-760x507.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24991" class="wp-caption-text">November 20, 1980: President Jimmy Carter and First Lady Rosalynn Carter greet President-elect Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy Reagan, at the White House after the Presidential election. (Gene Forte/Arnold Sachs/Getty)</figcaption></figure> <p>After leaving office at the age of 56, Jimmy Carter became the most active ex-president the nation had ever seen. In 1982, he became University Distinguished Professor at Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia, and in partnership with the university, founded the Carter Center to resolve conflicts, promote democracy, protect human rights, and prevent disease around the world. Since 1989, observers from the Carter Center have monitored more than 70 elections in dozens of countries in the Americas, Africa and Asia.</p> <figure id="attachment_38368" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-38368" style="width: 947px" class="wp-caption alignright"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-38368 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-38368 lazyload" alt="" width="947" height="538" data-sizes="(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter.jpg 947w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter-380x216.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter-760x432.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://www.achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-38368" class="wp-caption-text">Academy President and resort developer Christopher B. Hemmeter presents President Jimmy Carter with the American Academy of Achievement’s Golden Plate Award at the 1984 Summit program in Minneapolis, Minnesota.</figcaption></figure> <p>Former President Carter and the Carter Center have also mediated civil conflicts and international disputes involving Ethiopia and Eritrea, North Korea, Liberia, Haiti, Bosnia, Sudan, the Great Lakes region of Africa, Uganda, Venezuela, Nepal, Ecuador and Colombia. Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter were early supporters of Millard and Linda Fuller, founders of Habitat for Humanity, a nonprofit organization that helps build homes for the needy in the United States and in other countries. President Carter has long served on the board of directors of Habitat, and the Carters themselves have volunteered with the organization for one week of every year. Jimmy Carter has continued teaching Sunday school and is a deacon in the Maranatha Baptist Church of Plains.</p> <figure id="attachment_4955" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4955" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-4955 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/brochure-carter.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4955 size-full lazyload" alt="Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, addresses the assemblage of Academy participants -- including 350 outstanding honor students from across the nation -- during the 1984 Achievement Summit at the historic Lafayette Club in the suburbs of Minneapolis. (© Academy of Achievement)" width="2280" height="1479" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/brochure-carter.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/brochure-carter-380x247.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/brochure-carter-760x493.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/brochure-carter.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4955" class="wp-caption-text">Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, addresses the assemblage of Academy delegates and members — including 350 most outstanding honor students from across the nation — during a dinner and symposium at the 1984 “Salute to Excellence” program. The dinner was held at the Lafayette Club in Minneapolis.</figcaption></figure> <p>Former President Carter’s personal diplomacy helped to defuse international crises in hot spots from North Korea to Haiti. In 2002, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Following Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, he was the third American president to be so honored. The Nobel committee cited former President Carter “for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.”</p> <figure id="attachment_24987" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24987" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24987 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24987 size-full lazyload" alt="June 16, 1994: President and Mrs. Carter admire a gift presented by North Korea President Kim Il Sung during their trip to North Korea in June 1994. In 1994, the United States and North Korea were on the brink of war due to concerns North Korea was trying to build a nuclear weapon. In the absence of diplomatic relations between the two nations, President and Mrs. Carter were sent as private citizens representing the Carter Center to meet with President Kim Il Sung in Pyongyang. A breakthrough was achieved, and North Korea agreed to freeze its nuclear program in exchange for a dialogue with the United States. The trip set a new stage for efforts to strengthen peace on the Korean Peninsula." width="2280" height="1802" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06-380x300.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06-760x601.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24987" class="wp-caption-text">June 16, 1994: President and Mrs. Carter admire a gift presented by North Korea President Kim Il Sung during their trip to North Korea in June 1994. In 1994, the United States and North Korea were on the brink of war due to concerns North Korea was trying to build a nuclear weapon. In the absence of diplomatic relations between the two nations, President and Mrs. Carter were sent as private citizens representing the Carter Center to meet with President Kim Il Sung in Pyongyang. A breakthrough was achieved, and North Korea agreed to freeze its nuclear program in exchange for a dialogue with the United States. The trip set a new stage for efforts to strengthen peace.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most ex-presidents publish a volume of memoirs or two, but Jimmy Carter has carried on an impressive career as an extremely prolific and successful author. Since leaving the White House, he has published more than two dozen books. In addition to his presidential memoir, <em>Keeping Faith</em>, written shortly after he left office, he has written memoirs of childhood, books on religion, spirituality, aging and family life, a volume of verse, and a historical novel, <em>The Hornet’s Nest</em>, set in the South during the Revolutionary War. One of his most popular and highly praised books is <em>An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood</em>.</p> <figure id="attachment_24989" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24989" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24989 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24989 size-full lazyload" alt="December 10, 2002: Former President Jimmy Carter is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."" width="2280" height="1530" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel-380x255.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel-760x510.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24989" class="wp-caption-text">President Carter is awarded Nobel Peace Prize “for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, advance democracy and human rights, and promote economic and social development.”</figcaption></figure> <p>Jimmy Carter received both praise and condemnation for his second book on the Middle East conflict, <em>Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</em> (2006). He recounted his life after leaving office in a 2007 memoir, <em>Beyond the White House</em>, and paid a moving tribute to Lillian Carter in <em>A Remarkable Mother</em> (2008). In <em>Our Endangered Values: America’s Moral Crisis</em> (2005), he returned to the theme of morality in political leadership. From the day he entered public life, his commitment to the ideal of moral leadership has been a consistent theme in his public acts and statements. It has given Jimmy Carter a unique standing among all those who have held the office of President of the United States.</p> <figure id="attachment_24981" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24981" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24981 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24981 size-full lazyload" alt="February 15, 2007: Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter visited children suffering from schistosomiasis during their trip to Nasarawa North, Nigeria. The Carters traveled to the community to bring national attention to the country's need to make disease prevention methods and treatments with the medicine praziquantel more accessible in its rural and impoverished communities." width="2280" height="1526" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter-380x254.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter-760x509.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24981" class="wp-caption-text">2007: Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter visited children suffering from schistosomiasis during their trip to Nigeria. The Carters traveled to the community to bring national attention to the country’s need to make disease prevention methods and treatments with the medicine praziquantel more accessible in its impoverished communities.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the summer of 2015, Carter published his 25th book, <em>A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety</em>. A few weeks later he announced that he would undergo treatment for a cancer that had reached his brain. He had first received a cancer diagnosis after having a small tumor removed from his liver earlier in the year. Given the nature of his diagnosis and his advanced age, it might have been expected that the former president would retire from public view. Instead he held a press conference to discuss his diagnosis and treatment. “I have had a wonderful life,” he told the assembled reporters. “I’m ready for anything and I’m looking forward to new adventure.” Recalling his 30-year campaign to eradicate the guinea worm, a parasite that causes untold misery in Asia and Africa, he remarked, “I’d like for the last guinea worm to die before I do.” As to how long he might expect to live, he said, “It is in the hands of God, whom I worship.” On the Sunday following his press conference, he taught Sunday school in Plains, as he had nearly every week since leaving office.</p> <figure id="attachment_24983" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24983" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24983 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24983 size-full lazyload" alt="August 23, 2015: Former President Jimmy Carter teaches Sunday school class at Maranatha Baptist Church in his hometown in Plains, Georgia. The 90-year-old Carter gave one lesson to about 300 people filling the small Baptist church that he and his wife, Rosalynn, attend. It was Carter's first lesson since detailing the intravenous drug doses and radiation treatment planned to treat melanoma found in his brain after surgery to remove a tumor from his liver. (AP Photo/David Goldman)" width="2280" height="1536" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer-380x256.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer-760x512.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24983" class="wp-caption-text">2015: Former President Jimmy Carter teaches Sunday school class at Maranatha Baptist Church in his hometown in Plains, Georgia. The 90-year-old Carter gave one lesson to about 300 people filling the small Baptist church that he and his wife, Rosalynn, attend. It was Jimmy Carter’s first lesson since detailing the intravenous drug doses and radiation treatment planned to treat melanoma found in his brain after surgery to remove a tumor from his liver.</figcaption></figure> <p>Former President Carter was treated with immunotherapy, specifically a drug called pembrolizumab, which mobilizes the natural immune responses that cancer typically overrides. His response to the medication was excellent, and at the end of his treatment, Carter’s doctors saw no evidence of remaining tumors. Months later, he still appeared to be cancer-free, and news of his complete recovery was made public. That summer, at age 91, the former president once again donned a hardhat and utility belt and put his well-honed carpentry skills to work, fulfilling his annual commitment to Habitat for Humanity. In 2019, at age 94, he surpassed President George H.W. Bush as the longest-lived of America’s presidents. In his 10th decade, the former president’s courage, grace and humility continue to win the praise and admiration of men and women around the world.</p> </body></html> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="profile" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <header class="editorial-article__header"> <figure class="text-xs-center"> <img class="inductee-badge" src="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/themes/aoa/assets/images/inducted-badge@2x.png" alt="Inducted Badge" width="120" height="120"/> <figcaption class="serif-3 text-brand-primary"> Inducted in 1984 </figcaption> </figure> </header> <div class="row"> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <dl class="clearfix m-b-0"> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Career</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> <div><a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/#filter=.politician">Politician</a></div> </dd> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 sidebar--chunk p-b-2"> <dt class="serif-7">Date of Birth</dt> <dd class="sans-2"> October 1, 1924 </dd> </div> </dl> </aside> <article class="col-md-8 editorial-article clearfix"> <p class="inputTextFirst">“Hi, I’m Jimmy Carter, and I’m going to be your next President.”</p> <p class="inputText">These were the first words many Americans ever heard from Jimmy Carter. A one-term governor from the Deep South with no Washington experience, professional political observers dismissed his candidacy as the longest of long shots. But the born-again Christian and peanut farmer from Plains, Georgia knew something the experts didn’t. Americans were looking for fresh, untainted leadership to bridge the chasm of mistrust that had opened between the people and their government after the war in Vietnam and the Watergate scandal.</p> <p class="inputText">As President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, Jimmy Carter sought to make the United States a force for peace in the world, and made the promotion of human rights a centerpiece of his foreign policy. Over strenuous opposition, he secured ratification of the Panama Canal Treaty, honoring a long-term commitment of the United States to return control of the Canal to the Panamanian people. In the most dramatic achievement of his presidency, Carter personally mediated a peace settlement between Egypt and Israel, ending a 31-year state of war between the Jewish state and its largest Arab neighbor, and laying the groundwork for all subsequent Middle East peace negotiations.</p> <p class="inputText">Since leaving office, Jimmy Carter has become the most active ex-president in the country’s history — a humanitarian activist, bestselling author and traveling ambassador of peace, resolving international disputes and helping to monitor elections in newly emerging democracies. The man from Plains, Georgia is still providing the world with the moral leadership he first offered America in the 1970s. In 2002, his commitment to nonviolent conflict resolution around the world was recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.</p> </article> </div> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="interview" role="tabpanel"> <section class="clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 interview-feature-video"> <figure> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/kpKyeq-trxw?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_03_50_06.Still006-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_03_50_06.Still006-760x428.jpg"></div> <div class="video-tag sans-4"> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> <div class="video-tag__text">Watch full interview</div> </div> </div> </figure> </div> <header class="col-md-12 text-xs-center m-b-2"> <i class="icon-icon_bio text-brand-primary"></i> </header> <aside class="col-md-4 sidebar"> <h2 class="serif-3 achiever--biography-subtitle">Nobel Prize for Peace</h2> <div class="sans-2">Atlanta, Georgia</div> <div class="sans-2">October 25, 1991</div> </aside> <article class="editorial-article col-md-8">   <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><p><strong>One of your greatest accomplishments was the Camp David Accord and the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. It has become the model for peace settlements between Israel and its other Arab neighbors. What were the conditions that made Camp David possible, and do you see the same conditions present now (1991) that would make possible a broader peace in the Middle East?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: Let me answer that last question first. I don’t see the conditions now that were there then.</p> <figure id="attachment_24952" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24952" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24952 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24952 size-full lazyload" alt="President Carter relaxes with President Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Begin of Israel at the presidential retreat, Camp David. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1875" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223-760x625.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24952" class="wp-caption-text">President Jimmy Carter with President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin at the presidential retreat, Camp David.</figcaption></figure> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/oQbpPtYQELs?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_01_31_27.Still001-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_01_31_27.Still001-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>We had two bold and courageous political leaders then. Particularly Anwar Sadat, combined with a very receptive leader in Menachem Begin, who was willing to make decisions very difficult for him within his own constituency in Israel. And I had done my homework. I had met with the Israeli leaders and the Egyptian leaders, and the Jordanian and Lebanese and Syrian leaders. And so we were able to provide some means by which these two bold and courageous political leaders could come together. They were incompatible. We were at Camp David 13 days. They never saw each other the last ten days. Every time they got in the same room, we went backwards instead of forwards. So Begin and Sadat stayed separate. And I would go to one and then go to the other one, back and forth. And eventually, we came out with the Camp David Accord, which people forget is called “a framework for peace.” It’s a set of principles on which peace can be predicated in the future, and that framework is still absolutely applicable to any negotiations in the Middle East now. The people that rejected it then — the Jordanians, the Palestinians and the Syrians — are now willing to negotiate on the basis of Camp David. We used the Camp David principles six months later to conclude the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24953" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24953" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24953 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24953 size-full lazyload" alt="Old enemies make peace. Prime Minister Begin of Israel shakes hands with President Sadat of Egypt while U.S. President Carter looks on. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1875" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224-760x625.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24953" class="wp-caption-text">Prime Minister Begin of Israel shakes hands with President Sadat of Egypt while U.S. President Carter looks on.</figcaption></figure> <p>Now we have a much more entrenched problem. Although the Knesset, the Israeli parliament, voted overwhelmingly for the Camp David Accords — 85 percent voted for it, 15 percent against it — those 15 percent are the ones that are now in charge of the Israeli government. Although they now profess to be in favor of the Camp David Accords — the withdrawal from occupied territories, the granting to Palestinians of full autonomy, which Prime Minister Begin agreed to do and that the Knesset endorsed — these are the basic principles now on which the Israeli leaders will not agree. But it would be a mistake to give up, because there is a bottom line factor that gives me some hope: the people want peace.</p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/rONs9T6zuyo?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_05_47_11.Still007-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_05_47_11.Still007-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>The Israeli people want peace. The Palestinian people want peace. The Jordanians do, God knows. The Lebanese people want peace. It’s the political leaders who are the obstacles, because they are too inflexible, and they are looking at their own sometimes very narrow political constituency to give them restraints which they can’t break. Someday though, there will be leaders there, like Sadat and Begin then, who will truly represent the desire of their people for peace, and then we’ll have success.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24978" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24978" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24978 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24978 size-full lazyload" alt="U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the Camp David Accords that led to an Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty. (David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images)" width="2280" height="1879" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061-760x626.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24978" class="wp-caption-text">President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the Camp David Accords that led to an Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty. (David Hume Kennerly/Getty)</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>One of the other successes that you were involved in is also one of the most controversial, the Panama Canal Treaty. There was a knock-down, drag-out fight in the Senate, but you were successful. The treaty means that the Canal will eventually be turned over to the Panamanians. A lot has happened since that treaty, but none of it has affected the status of the Canal, even though many critics at the time talked about the kinds of things that have happened as being the worst possible scenario.</strong></p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/5kEhIM-P2QU?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_27_02_15.Still012-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_27_02_15.Still012-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/courage/">Courage</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>Jimmy Carter: What people forget is that the original treaty with Panama was written and signed without any Panamanian ever seeing it. It was never fair to the Panamanians, and most people recognize that. President Johnson gave his word of honor to the Panamanians: “We will have a new treaty.” So did President Nixon and President Ford. But it was only when I got into office that I was foolish enough to push it to a conclusion. The treaty is very fair to our country and to the Panamanians. It gives us first priority in using the Canal. It gives us the right to defend the Canal against external threats, not only in this century but even in the next century. And it forms a sharing partnership in operating the Canal. When I was there during the Panamanian elections, which we helped to conduct, I visited the Canal and the American leaders there, and they told me that the Canal was in better shape than it had been in many, many years. Because the Panamanians, knowing that they now have a share in the future of the Canal, were much more enthusiastic in upkeep and maintenance and learning how to be the leaders in ways that they hadn’t been before. This was the worst political battle I ever got into. It was more difficult to get the Panama Canal Treaties ratified by two-thirds of the Senate of the United States than it was for me to get elected president in the first place. It was a very deep and bitter political battle, and many people still haven’t gotten over it. I never go through a week of my life now that I don’t get letters from people condemning the Panama Canal Treaties. Still, and this is I don’t know how many years later. 1978? Thirteen years later. But it was a good thing to do.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24965" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24965" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24965 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24965 size-full lazyload" alt="September 7, 1977: President Carter shakes hands with President Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty. The treaty guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the Canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2280" height="1861" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328-380x310.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328-760x620.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24965" class="wp-caption-text">September 7, 1977: President Jimmy Carter shakes hands with President Omar Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty. The treaty guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the Canal that the United States had exercised since 1903. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>It’s surprising that people are still agitated about it.</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: This is something that many people won’t forget. It is the most courageous thing that the U.S. Senate ever did in its existence. They knew that it was politically unpopular, but they knew that it was right and needed. Of the 20 senators who voted for the Canal Treaties in 1978, who were up for re-election the next year, only seven of them came back. Thirteen of them didn’t come back. And the attrition rate in 1980 was almost as bad. But it was the right thing to do — an all-too-rare demonstration of political courage.</p> <figure id="attachment_24967" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24967" style="width: 2868px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24967 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24967 size-full lazyload" alt="President Carter prepares to deliver a live television address from the Oval Office. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" width="2868" height="2364" data-sizes="(max-width: 2868px) 100vw, 2868px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330.jpg 2868w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330-380x313.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330-760x626.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24967" class="wp-caption-text">President Carter prepares to deliver a live television address from the Oval Office. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>There was one speech that you gave that was also controversial and in some cases misreported. It became known as “the malaise speech” even though you never used that word. You talked about a crisis of confidence that struck at the heart and mind and soul of the national will. Do you still see that crisis in confidence?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: In some ways, the situation is different now from what it was back when I gave that speech. I think it was the best speech I ever made, and for the first few weeks, it was a very popular speech. But eventually it was attacked by Senator Kennedy, who ran against me. He said I was talking about the malaise of America, not the bright future of America, and then President Reagan adopted the same concept.</p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZNKJqSfzo5w?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_19_34_27.Still009-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_19_34_27.Still009-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/the-american-dream/">The American Dream</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>What I pointed out was that our nation had been faced in years leading up to that time with severe challenges and blows: the loss of the war in Vietnam, the assassination of President Kennedy and Bobby Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.; the Watergate scandals, where a president had to resign in disgrace; the revelations that the CIA had deliberately plotted murder. These were blows to our country. But I thought the resilience of our nation was sufficient to overcome that kind of difficulty, and that we needed to look at ourselves and see where is the strength of our country. And the purpose of the speech, I said that we are faced with an energy crisis. We are becoming increasingly dependent on foreign oil; our nation’s security is in danger. It’s not a politically popular thing to do something about this, to save energy, to conserve. But I believed that our country was strong enough to do it. And that was the purpose and the essence of the speech. But the political opponents just took the negative side, that we had serious problems, and characterized it as it never was, as a “malaise speech.” We still suffer malaise in this country, and I’ll use the word this time. But what gnaws at the vitals of our nation are the unsolved problems of juvenile delinquency, teenage pregnancy, school dropouts, drug addiction, homelessness, joblessness. We don’t know in this country the extent of these problems, and we cover our eyes. It’s more convenient not to look at them. I think this country obviously has the ability, as no other nation in the world does, to address those problems successfully. That’s going to be a major part of my own work the next four, five or more years. Just to show that in Atlanta, Georgia, we can marshal all the resources in our community and bring about a simultaneous addressing of these human problems and see if we can do something about them. It’s a kind of thing that is not only an affliction on a nation or in a community, but a wonderful opportunity to show the strength and idealism and benevolence of American people.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24986" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24986" style="width: 1465px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24986 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24986 size-full lazyload" alt="November 1995: Former President Jimmy Carter and Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa in Cairo, Egypt, where the Carter Center brought together an unprecedented group of leaders committed to resolving the crisis in the Great Lakes region of Africa." width="1465" height="1027" data-sizes="(max-width: 1465px) 100vw, 1465px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05.jpg 1465w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05-380x266.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05-760x533.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24986" class="wp-caption-text">1995: Former President Carter and Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa in Cairo, Egypt, where the Carter Center brought together an unprecedented group of leaders to resolve the crisis in Great Lakes region of Africa.</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>After all these years, what are your thoughts, views, and reflections on the presidency?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: I would say the main thing is that I didn’t know the complexity of the global problems.</p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/g8zYqwppUCM?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_03_36_17.Still005-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_03_36_17.Still005-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>I’m the only president that’s ever visited Africa south of the Sahara Desert. I went to two (African) countries while I was president, and I didn’t know the potential of that continent, nor the challenges that faced those people. Now I do. To a much greater extent I didn’t understand the [widespread] problems in our own country, from a personal point of view. I was dealing with billions of dollars that would be allocated for education or health or welfare or housing, or whatever. But I didn’t know from a personal point of view the people that actually were in need or that were the recipients of those quite often inadequate and ill-designed programs. Another thing was that I didn’t really see as clearly as I should have the perspective of the then preeminent Cold War. I think we could have reached out more to try to form some sort of working relationship, perhaps with people that we looked on then as adversaries. That was a potential there that may not have been adequately explored by me as a president. I’ve also learned since then the wide diversity of characteristics of nations in this hemisphere. We tend to look on South Americans as one kind of people, but I’ve seen that they are just as varied as are the differences, for instance, between the United States and Mexico. There is a tremendous fear of the United States as a dominant superpower that’s always been too ready to send U.S. troops into their nations to act as superior, arrogant oppressors, under the guise of protecting liberty. We invaded Panama recently with what most Americans looked on as a glorious victory. We killed a thousand Panamanians unnecessarily, primarily to arrest the leader of Panama, who had been in bed with our own government, at least the CIA, up until shortly before that. And to us it was a great victory. We defeated Panama. But to the Panamanians, the people who died, it wasn’t. So I see now much more clearly that our country can accomplish its goals, not merely through military action, but through the promotion of peace.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24985" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24985" style="width: 2098px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24985 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24985 size-full lazyload" alt="May 12, 2002: President Carter listens to the United States national anthem during the arrival ceremony of his historic visit to Cuba at the invitation of Fidel Castro. President Carter, joined by his wife, Rosalynn, became the first former or sitting U.S. president to travel to Cuba since the 1959 Cuban revolution. In an unprecedented live speech broadcast on Cuban television, President Carter called on the United States to end an "ineffective 43-year-old economic embargo" and on President Castro to hold free elections, improve human rights, and allow greater civil liberties." width="2098" height="1417" data-sizes="(max-width: 2098px) 100vw, 2098px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01.jpg 2098w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01-380x257.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01-760x513.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24985" class="wp-caption-text">May 12, 2002: President Carter listens to the United States national anthem during the arrival ceremony of his historic visit to Cuba at the invitation of Fidel Castro. President Carter, joined by his wife, Rosalynn, became the first former or sitting U.S. president to travel to Cuba since the 1959 Cuban revolution. In an unprecedented live speech broadcast on Cuban television, Carter called on the United States to end an “ineffective 43-year-old economic embargo” and on Castro to hold elections, improve human rights, and allow greater civil liberties.</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>One of the remarkable things about you is that you seem to take the job of former president as seriously as being president itself.</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: That’s true.</p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/EnCCFvVtIEk?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_12_01_10.Still008-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_12_01_10.Still008-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> <figcaption class="achiever__interview-video-terms"> <span>Keys to success —</span> <a class="comma-item" href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/keys-to-success/vision/">Vision</a> </figcaption> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>People underestimate the potential of a former president. I happen to be one of the youngest ones who ever survived the office. And the access that I have to world leaders is unlimited. I don’t mean just political and military leaders, but leaders in the field of education or health or agriculture, food production, environment. And so, this is one aspect of it. Also, the influence we have. We can bring together people who have a common goal, like immunizing children or planting trees or solving the starvation problem in Africa, where they’re all working at the same target, but in different ways, and create a team effort that can be enormously more successful than any of them can be working independently. And I have some ability as a former president to dramatize a particular problem, and to reach the news media and therefore reach the consciousness of people.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24977" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24977" style="width: 2280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><noscript><img class="size-full wp-image-24977 " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-24977 lazyload" alt="Bhaktapur, Nepal (The Carter Center). President and Mrs. Carter complete a polling center opening form while waiting for voting to begin in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The Carter Center observed Nepalese voters casting ballots on April 10, 2008, in the first elections this country has held since parliament was restored and the king's powers curtailed in 2006." width="2280" height="1526" data-sizes="(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008.jpg 2280w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008-380x254.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008-760x509.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24977" class="wp-caption-text">Bhaktapur, Nepal: President and Mrs. Carter complete a polling center opening form while waiting for voting to begin in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The Carter Center observed Nepalese voters casting ballots on April 10, 2008, in the first elections this country has held since parliament was restored and the king’s powers curtailed in 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another thing I have as a former president is almost total freedom. When I was in office as governor or state senator or as president, I had voluminous responsibilities — the details of government. But now, as a former president, I can pick and choose the things that have a particular interest to me, where I think that my contribution can be uniquely beneficial. I don’t have to worry about the administrative duties of a major job. This makes it not only more fruitful, but also more enjoyable.</p> </body></html> </div>     <div class="achiever__video-block"> <figure class="achiever__interview-video"> <div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9"> <iframe class="embed-responsive-item embed-responsive--has-thumbnail" width="200" height="150" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/wKa72E1eYEE?feature=oembed&hd=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="embed-responsive__thumbnail ratio-container__image lazyload" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_02_22_17.Still002-380x214.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy-1991-MasterEdit.00_02_22_17.Still002-760x428.jpg"></div> <i class="embed-responsive__play icon-icon_play-full text-brand-primary"></i> </div> </figure>  <div class="achiever__interview-video__copy"> <p>It used to be, when I visited the Middle East, for instance, I would fly to Tel Aviv, drive 30 minutes over to Jerusalem, meet with leaders in the afternoon, have a banquet at night and exchange toasts with Prime Minister Begin, or whoever happened to be in office. The next day I was gone to Cairo or Damascus or Amman. Now I go there, I meet with the leaders in all the different parties, and I get immersed in what they think about one another. I meet with the Peace Now people and with the human rights groups, and with the Palestinians in the West Bank, in Gaza, and go to the great universities in Tel Aviv and Haifa and Jerusalem, and learn from scholars who devote their lives to the economic and water aspects, mining aspects, and agricultural aspects of the region. I can immerse myself much more deeply in an individual subject, once I take it on, than I ever could have when I had the multitudinous responsibilities of budgets and dealing with members of Congress, and things in the White House.</p> </div> </div>      <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body data-rsssl="1"><figure id="attachment_24972" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24972" style="width: 2000px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><noscript><img class="wp-image-24972 size-full " src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159im_/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586.jpg"></noscript><img loading="lazy" class="wp-image-24972 size-full lazyload" alt="January 13, 2016: President Jimmy Carter accepts the LBJ Liberty & Justice For All Award at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Georgia. (Michael A. Schwarz/LBJ Library)" width="2000" height="1581" data-sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" data-srcset="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586.jpg 2000w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586-380x300.jpg 380w, /web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586-760x601.jpg 760w" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917235159/https://162.243.3.155/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586.jpg"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-24972" class="wp-caption-text">January 13, 2016: President Carter accepts the LBJ Liberty & Justice For All Award at the Carter Center in Atlanta.</figcaption></figure> </body></html> </div>    <aside class="collapse" id="full-interview">    <div class="achiever__interview-copy"> <p><strong>When you were growing up, what did you think you would do with your life?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: From the time I was five years old, if you had asked me, “What are you going to do when you grow up?” I would have said, “I want to go to the Naval Academy, get a college education, and serve in the U.S. Navy.” My family had all been farmers for 350 years in this country. Working people, and no member of my father’s family had ever finished high school, so this was an ambition that seemed like a dream then. It was during the Depression years, in the late ’30s and ’40s, and a college education was looked upon as financially impossible. The only two choices we had were to go to West Point or Annapolis, where the government paid for the education. I had a favorite uncle who was in the Navy, so I chose Annapolis. But that was my standard answer, from which I never deviated until I was 18 years old and went to college to prepare and then I went on to Annapolis.</p> <p><strong>Did you ever want to be anything else, like a policeman or a firefighter?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: Not really. I always had a pretty singular commitment then, not knowing that I would serve a while in the Navy and then get involved in other things. But the college challenge, or dream, was very vivid to me. If I hadn’t gotten into the Naval Academy, then I would probably have become a college professor and gone on to graduate work. But as a child, I had a single-minded commitment to go to Annapolis.</p> <p><strong>At some point you got out of the Navy and became interested in politics. What attracted you to that?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: I was in the Navy 11 years, counting the three years at the Naval Academy. And then when I did resign, I came home. I was influenced by my father, who, in the tiny village of Plains and the surrounding farming community, played a very vital role — in the church, he was on the local school board, he was on the local hospital authority. He had run for the legislature, served in the House of Representatives. When my daddy was dying, I got off from my work as one of the young officers working with Admiral Hyman Rickover in the nuclear program then. I saw that my daddy’s life was very extensive and very valuable to people. So when I went home, I pretty well emulated what he had been doing. I got involved in a lot of things that I need not describe right now, one of which was to be chairman of the local school board — the county school board — during the integration years, very difficult times. And some of the major politicians in Georgia, even those that were looked upon as being moderate, were promising that if one black child went into the public school system, they would close it down. The main candidate for governor, his slogan was “No, not one,” and he would hold up one finger to indicate this. So, I decided that I could, if I went to the Georgia Senate — which was reapportioned that year — which I might help protect the school system. So when I was finally elected and got to Atlanta, my only request in the Senate was to be put on the Education Committee, and I very quickly became the chairman of the University Committee. But it was because of that interest in education that I decided to go into politics.</p> <p><strong>Farming is hard work, and so is being in the Navy, but they must have looked pretty good when you saw how hard campaigning for political office was.</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: People ask me, “How did you stand the long campaigning? How did you stand being charged with the responsibilities of a great nation, one of the most powerful and difficult jobs in the world?” It wasn’t any more difficult than picking cotton all day or shaking peanuts. There is an equality there. If you have a task to perform and are vitally interested in it, excited and challenged by it, then you will exert maximum energy. But in the excitement, the pain of fatigue dissipates, and the exuberance of what you hope to achieve overcomes the reluctance.</p> <p><strong>Was there one experience or event that inspired you as a young man?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: My father, although admirable in many ways, measured by modern day standards, would have been looked upon as very conservative on the race issue, which was a way of life in Georgia then. Mother never paid any attention to that. We lived in a remote area outside of Plains, a little community called Archery. It was during the Depression years, as I’ve said already. Mother, being a registered nurse, acted almost as a medical doctor for the poor families around Archery. They would come to my mother, and she also did nursing duties in the hospital nearby. But she would help them with childbirth or with illnesses without any charge. I could see that my mother broke down the barriers of race discrimination at that time. I think that made more of an impression on me. My daddy was a very dominant person in the family, but in the relationship between mother and our black neighbors, which was quite startling for the Plains community of those days, my father could not dominate my mother, and I think that was an inspirational aspect of life that was very memorable.</p> <p><strong>Who influenced you the most?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: My mother in that way I’ve described. My daddy taught me how much a man could do in dealing directly with a multiplicity of responsibilities. Outside my family, the main person, outside of my father, the main man who has had an influence on my life is Admiral Hyman Rickover. I was one of the two young officers in the program to build atomic submarines. There were two built: the Nautilus and the Sea Wolf. I was in charge of the crew that was helping to build the Sea Wolf and building the nuclear power plant that later became a prototype. Rickover was a man who demanded absolute excellence and total dedication from all those who worked under him. He demanded as much from himself. And so he set a standard of commitment and perfection in life that I had never experienced before. He really had a great impact on my life.</p> <p><strong>Were there particular teachers, or books you read as a young man, that stimulated or inspired you?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: We had a school superintendent in Plains named Miss Julia Coleman, who was honored in Georgia as the outstanding educator of the state. She was even invited to go to the White House to meet with President Franklin Roosevelt. We had a tiny school, and she would kind of adopt a few students as her special ones. I was one of those she happened to adopt. She would give me long lists of classical books of all kinds to read as a possible assignment. And she would always try to give more than anybody could possibly read. I would read almost all of them, sometimes all of them. Miss Julia introduced me to a gamut of books, most of them classical in nature. And on the side, I would read other books about cowboys and Indians and so forth. Obviously, in the community where I lived, the Bible was the center of people’s reading. We never missed Sunday school. My daddy was a Sunday school teacher. I still teach Sunday school, and have since I was a college student. So I would say obviously the Bible.</p> <p>When people ask me what’s a favorite book that I’ve ever read, I used to say <em>Let Us Now Praise Famous Men</em> by James Agee, who went in to a little remote area in Alabama during the Depression years, got a grant from I think the WPA (Works Projects Administration) or something, and wrote about the lives of people who lived in desperate poverty, and how they dealt with the exigencies of life, the challenges, the disappointments of life, and still had a coherent family environment. And the photographs in the book by Walker Evans are just works of art. That book is one of my favorites as well.</p> <p><strong>Is that because it gave you a sense of empathy with people who are struggling?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: It showed me that the experiences of our neighbors were not unique, that there were people all over the country who suffered. It happened then, during the Depression years, that all the families he analyzed in great depth were white families. We still have people like that living in our country. What impressed me with that book was a tremendous chasm between people who have everything, who have a house and a job and education and adequate diets, and a sense of success or security, who want to do good things, and the vast array of people still in our country who don’t have any of these things, and whom we seldom, if ever, know.</p> <p>I experienced the ravages of racial discrimination as a child, and even as an adult, and I’ve seen discrimination against women, and wars all over the world because of ethnic discrimination. The greatest discrimination in the world now, here in Atlanta or in New York is a discrimination against poor people. We don’t even know them. We care in general about homelessness, or drug addiction, or school dropouts, but we don’t know a homeless person, and we don’t know a drug addict, and we don’t know a school dropout or a teenage pregnant woman. This is not a deliberate discrimination, it’s a discrimination by default. We tend to build a plastic bubble around ourselves so that we only have to associate with people just like us. And so, this suffering that still goes on in our country and around the world is very severe.</p> <p>That book, among other things, just woke me up to the fact that we still have people like this next door, and we are not doing much about it.</p> <p><strong>The road to success is usually a winding one. What kinds of setbacks have you had through your life? And what did you learn from them?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: Well, sometimes dramatic changes in life take place because of a deliberate decision. Sometimes they are inadvertent or unanticipated, and certainly not desired. When I left the Navy, which had been my lifelong commitment, and came home to the little tiny town of Plains, my wife almost left me, because she could see that we were restricting our lives and not expanding them. But out of that tiny village of Plains, I learned to broaden my perspectives.</p> <p>I ran for the governorship in 1966 and lost. It was the first real defeat in my life. At everything else I had been successful. Whenever I wanted something in the Navy, I got it because I was an outstanding officer. I worked hard. So that was a very serious blow to me. I was very distressed. And my sister, whose name is Ruth Stapleton, was a famous evangelist. She wrote four or five books, and she would give lectures to 50,000 people at a time. She and I had a long walk in the woods on my farm, and she said, “Jimmy, quite often, when you have a blow to your pride and a horrible defeat, you can either give up, or you can look on it as a way that God opens to you to do different and even better things.” And I said, “Ruth, I’ve been defeated for governor in Georgia. My political career is over. I don’t have any future.” But it proved to be wrong. And then of course, I was defeated in 1980 again for re-election after reaching the highest levels of political achievement in the world. And I thought we were in desperate straits then. I found out I was in debt. I had put all my financial resources in a private trust. And I didn’t let them communicate with me. After I was defeated for re-election, I found out that instead of being a fairly wealthy person, I was a million dollars in debt. And I thought I was going to have to sell all my farms and everything in order to pay off my debts. But I’ve managed to pay them off now, and we have as exciting and challenging and vigorous and adventurous and gratifying a life here at the Carter Center as I ever had before in my life.</p> <p><strong>What do you see as the greatest challenge facing the nation in the next decade, in the next twenty years?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: I think it’s a choice of what kind of leadership the United States wants to provide in the world. It’s defining, in our country, the definition of greatness. What is a great nation? It’s obvious that we are now the only superpower. There is no more Soviet Union as we’ve known it. We will have an unchallenged, open, panoramic opportunity on a global scale to demonstrate the finest aspects of what we know in this country: peace, freedom, democracy, human rights, benevolent sharing, love, the easing of human suffering. Is that going to be our list of priorities or not? I don’t see any indication yet, after the Soviet Union has disintegrated, that our country is adopting these kinds of concepts as the thrust of our nation’s influence. I hope that will come. And that’s a challenge to our country that I see as greatest. What are the decisions going to be? We can drift along as though there were still a Cold War, wasting hundreds of billions of dollars on weapons that will never be used, ignoring the problems of people in this country and around the world, being one of the worst environmental violators on earth, standing against any sort of viable programs to protect the world’s forests, or to cut down on acid rain or the global warming or ozone depletion. We can ignore human rights violations in other countries. Or we can take on these things as a true leader ought to and say, “This is the inspiring challenge of America for the future.” I don’t hear any politician on the scene yet who’s trying to explore these concepts.</p> <p><strong>What advice would you give young people who want to achieve something in their lives, want to make a mark, who may have a specific dream?</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: The main thing that I tell young people — I’m in my tenth year as a professor — is that they’re the ones that can change this country, can change the world. It’s not an idle thing to say to students, but at the college age they have to realize that they have tremendous potential that they won’t have five years later. For instance, they are in an environment, if they are in college, where there is a stirring of ideas and a balancing of different conflicting concepts. They have fellow students that might share a commitment to do something about, say, human rights, or environmental quality, or homelessness or whatever. They can seek advice from instructors, from professors, who are experts in those fields, or read. And another thing is that they have liberty that they won’t have in the future. After they finish college, they’re going to get married perhaps, or start making house payments, automobile payments, they’ll have responsibilities maybe of a growing family. They will be employed by IBM or Coca-Cola Company or General Motors or maybe in a law firm or teaching school. They are going to be very reluctant to express ideas that would depart from the status quo, because they want to make sure that the principal of their school where they teach — or their bosses at IBM or at the law firm — don’t think that they are radicals. So they are going to give up a lot of that freedom to say, “This is wrong.”</p> <p>My three boys came up during the late ’60s in college, when the young people changed this whole country in three major areas. One was the Vietnam War, the second was civil rights, and the third was the environment. Earth Day began when my three boys were in college. I saw there is no limit on what young people can do to impress on this country their idealistic or compassionate concern about issues that affect all of us.</p> <p>We had a second generation of children. Amy came along as our only daughter, 20 years after my oldest son, in a fairly dormant college environment. Amy has been arrested four times because she feels very deeply about subjects. Three times she was arrested demonstrating against apartheid in South Africa. And she was just one of a group of students. Because she was a former president’s daughter, her role was highly publicized. I don’t advocate that young people get arrested, but there is still a time for — a need for — involvement.</p> <p>In these areas of life where the suffering exists, the affluent children of our day should become involved with their fellow young people who are on the other side of the line between a good life and one that’s not so good. We work in a program called Habitat For Humanity, where we build homes side by side with the poorest people on earth. And 195 college campuses now have Habitat organizations, where students themselves, 20 or 30 students, get together. They actually get acquainted with a homeless family, and they get to know all the people in the homeless family. They raise money to buy building materials, they design the house, they get an empty lot. They go around and beg for some concrete block or for some two by fours. And late in the afternoon and on weekends, they work side by side with those homeless people and actually build them a house. And then they see the family move into the home; it’s a wonderful experience for them. It doesn’t interfere with their college work, whether they are going to be a doctor or a lawyer or whatever. It’s an additional dimension of life, which I think is as good a learning experience as what they might get in the classroom.</p> <p><strong>In short, you are saying, take a stand and get involved.</strong></p> <p>Jimmy Carter: Exactly. It’s not restrictive when you adhere to these principles. It’s a liberating experience. It’s an expansive experience where both your mind and your heart might be stretched a little.</p> <p><strong>Thank you so much for taking the time to talk with us, Mr. President.</strong></p> <p>You’re welcome.</p> </div>  </aside>  <div class="read-more__toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#full-interview"><a href="#" class="sans-4 btn">Read full interview</a></div> </article> </section> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="gallery" role="tabpanel"> <section class="isotope-wrapper">  <header class="toolbar toolbar--gallery bg-white clearfix"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="serif-4">Jimmy Carter Gallery</div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text-md-right isotope-toolbar"> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline m-b-0 text-brand-primary sans-4"> <li class="list-inline-item" data-filter=".photo"><i class="icon-icon_camera"></i>47 photos</li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="isotope-gallery isotope-box single-achiever__gallery clearfix"> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75263157894737" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/404c475f-97d4-430c-9e9e-7af5e7c16304.jpg" data-image-caption="April 8, 2014: Former President Jimmy Carter poses for a photograph with members of President Lyndon Baines Johnson's family as he tours the Cornerstones of Civil Rights exhibit on the first day of the Civil Rights Summit at the LBJ Presidential Library in Austin, Texas. The summit marked the 50th anniversary of the passing of the Civil Rights Act legislation, with U.S. President Barack Obama making the keynote speech. (Ralph Barrera-Pool/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="LBJ Presidential Library Hosts Summit Marking 50 Years Since Civil Rights Act Of 1964" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/404c475f-97d4-430c-9e9e-7af5e7c16304-380x286.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/404c475f-97d4-430c-9e9e-7af5e7c16304-760x572.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.75" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/110315-carter-habitat-bg31.jpg" data-image-caption="November 2, 2015: Former President Jimmy Carter cuts a 2x4 while working on a Habitat for Humanity construction site in Memphis. (Ben Gray)" data-image-copyright="110315 carter habitat BG3" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/110315-carter-habitat-bg31-380x285.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/110315-carter-habitat-bg31-760x570.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79473684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks.jpg" data-image-caption="June 18, 1979: Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter meet in Vienna, Austria to negotiate the strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT II). (CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Brezhnev and Carter at SALT II Talks" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks-380x302.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/brezhnev-and-carter-at-salt-talks-760x604.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.81842105263158" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter receives an old friend: Admiral Hyman Rickover, "Father of the Nuclear Navy." (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-and-nitze002" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002-380x311.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-and-Nitze002-760x622.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222.jpg" data-image-caption="1978: President Sadat of Egypt, President Carter and Prime Minister Begin of Israel sign the "Camp David Accords: A Framework for Peace." (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-camp-david222" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david222-760x625.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter relaxes with President Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Begin of Israel at the presidential retreat, Camp David. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-camp-david223" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david223-760x625.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224.jpg" data-image-caption="Old enemies make peace. Prime Minister Begin of Israel shakes hands with President Sadat of Egypt while U.S. President Carter looks on. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-camp-david224" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-camp-david224-760x625.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.81578947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy317.jpg" data-image-caption="Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter at home. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter at home. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy317-380x310.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy317-760x620.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.1160058737151" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318.jpg" data-image-caption="James E. (Jimmy) Carter, Jr., 39th President of the United States. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy318" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318-340x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy318-681x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2199036918138" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy319.jpg" data-image-caption="The Plains High School basketball team. Jimmy Carter is in the back row, second from left. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy319" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy319-312x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy319-623x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy320.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter and his mother, Lillian. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="President Carter and his mother, Lillian. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy320-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy320-760x625.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82236842105263" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy321.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter shakes hands with Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev after signing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II). (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy321" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy321-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy321-760x625.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter visits the Kittredge School while promoting energy awareness. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy322" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy322-760x626.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.1674347158218" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy323.jpg" data-image-caption="Young Jimmy Carter, with his dog, Bozo, 1937. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="Young Jimmy Carter, with his dog, Bozo, 1937. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy323-326x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy323-651x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.216" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324.jpg" data-image-caption="Lillian Carter on the family farm with her daughter, Ruth, and her son Jimmy. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy324" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324-312x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy324-625x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2140575079872" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325.jpg" data-image-caption="James Earl Carter, Sr., with his children. The future president is on the right, with his sister, Ruth, and brother Billy. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy325" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325-313x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy325-626x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.0026385224274" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326.jpg" data-image-caption="1966: Jimmy Carter campaigning for Governor of Georgia. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy326" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326-380x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy326-758x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.2218649517685" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327.jpg" data-image-caption="Midshipman Carter of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy327" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327-311x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy327-622x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.81578947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328.jpg" data-image-caption="September 7, 1977: President Carter shakes hands with President Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty. The treaty guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the Canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy328" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328-380x310.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy328-760x620.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82631578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy329.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter and his mother, Lillian. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="President Carter and his mother, Lillian. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy329-380x314.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy329-760x628.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter prepares to deliver a live television address from the Oval Office. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy330" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy330-760x626.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy331.jpg" data-image-caption="President Carter with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat at Camp David, Maryland. (Courtesy Jimmy Carter Library)" data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy331" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy331-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy331-760x626.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.68552631578947" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy332.jpg" data-image-caption="Former President Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, building homes for the homeless. (Courtesy Habitat for Humanity)" data-image-copyright="Former President Carter and his wife Rosalynn building homes for the homeless." data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy332-380x260.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy332-760x521.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4448669201521" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy333.jpg" data-image-caption="Former President Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, building homes for the homeless." data-image-copyright="Former President Carter and his wife Rosalynn building homes for the homeless." data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy333-263x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy333-526x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65526315789474" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy334.jpg" data-image-caption="Former President Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, building homes for the homeless with Habitat For Humanity." data-image-copyright="carter-jimmy334" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy334-380x249.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-Jimmy334-760x498.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79078947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586.jpg" data-image-caption="January 13, 2016: President Jimmy Carter accepts the LBJ Liberty & Justice For All Award at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Georgia. (Michael A. Schwarz/LBJ Library)" data-image-copyright="carter_lbj_586" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586-380x300.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter_LBJ_586-760x601.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.99078947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter_with_peanuts_rabble.jpg" data-image-caption="1970s: Jimmy Carter shovels peanuts." data-image-copyright="carter_with_peanuts_rabble" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter_with_peanuts_rabble-380x377.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter_with_peanuts_rabble-760x753.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79605263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords.jpg" data-image-caption="March 26, 1979: Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the signing of the Camp David Accords, a peace treaty signed by Sadat and Begin. (CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Sadat, Carter and Begin Shaking Hands" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords-380x303.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-accords-760x605.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.64473684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-amyrosalynn.jpg" data-image-caption="1980: President Jimmy Carter with his wife, Rosalynn, and daughter, Amy, wave to supporters from the stage at the Democratic National Convention. (Bettmann/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="Jimmy Carter and Family Waving to Supporters" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-amyrosalynn-380x245.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carter-amyrosalynn-760x490.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66578947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah.jpg" data-image-caption="December 31, 1978: President Jimmy Carter and Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran toast following a formal dinner in the Niavaran Palace in Tehran, Iran. (Bettmann/CORBIS)" data-image-copyright="President Jimmy Carter and Shah Reza Pahlavi Toasting" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Carter-shah-760x506.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66973684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008.jpg" data-image-caption="Bhaktapur, Nepal (The Carter Center). President and Mrs. Carter complete a polling center opening form while waiting for voting to begin in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The Carter Center observed Nepalese voters casting ballots on April 10, 2008, in the first elections this country has held since parliament was restored and the king's powers curtailed in 2006." data-image-copyright="carters-nepal-2008" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/carters-nepal-2008-760x509.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.82368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061.jpg" data-image-caption="U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin shake hands at the Camp David Accords that led to an Israeli-Egyptian peace treaty. (David Hume Kennerly/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="jimmy-carter-camp-david061" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061-380x313.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-Camp-David061-760x626.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.675" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149.jpg" data-image-caption="June 14, 1977: Johnny and June Carter Cash and family with President Jimmy Carter in the Oval Office of the White House. June Carter and Jimmy Carter are distant cousins." data-image-copyright="jimmy_carter_with_johnny_cash_and_family_-_nara_-_175149" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149-380x257.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy_Carter_with_Johnny_Cash_and_family_-_NARA_-_175149-760x513.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66973684210526" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter.jpg" data-image-caption="February 15, 2007: Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter visited children suffering from schistosomiasis during their trip to Nasarawa North, Nigeria. The Carters traveled to the community to bring national attention to the country's need to make disease prevention methods and treatments with the medicine praziquantel more accessible in its rural and impoverished communities." data-image-copyright="jimmy-carter" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter-380x254.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-carter-760x509.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="1.4931237721022" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-headshot.jpg" data-image-caption="November 9, 2012: President Jimmy Carter" data-image-copyright="November 9, 2012: President Jimmy Carter" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-headshot-254x380.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Jimmy-Carter-headshot-509x760.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67368421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer.jpg" data-image-caption="August 23, 2015: Former President Jimmy Carter teaches Sunday school class at Maranatha Baptist Church in his hometown in Plains, Georgia. The 90-year-old Carter gave one lesson to about 300 people filling the small Baptist church that he and his wife, Rosalynn, attend. It was Carter's first lesson since detailing the intravenous drug doses and radiation treatment planned to treat melanoma found in his brain after surgery to remove a tumor from his liver. (AP Photo/David Goldman)" data-image-copyright="Jimmy Carter" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer-380x256.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmycarterprayer-760x512.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.64868421052632" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-rosalynn-carter-2.jpg" data-image-caption="February 8, 2007. Tingoli Village, Northern Province, Ghana. President Jimmy Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, are honored by the Dagumba people of Tingoli with a gift of traditional attire, which they wear with joy." data-image-copyright="jimmy-rosalynn-carter-2" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-rosalynn-carter-2-380x246.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jimmy-rosalynn-carter-2-760x493.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.675" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01.jpg" data-image-caption="May 12, 2002: President Carter listens to the United States national anthem during the arrival ceremony of his historic visit to Cuba at the invitation of Fidel Castro. President Carter, joined by his wife, Rosalynn, became the first former or sitting U.S. president to travel to Cuba since the 1959 Cuban revolution. In an unprecedented live speech broadcast on Cuban television, President Carter called on the United States to end an "ineffective 43-year-old economic embargo" and on President Castro to hold free elections, improve human rights, and allow greater civil liberties." data-image-copyright="pp-01" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01-380x257.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-01-760x513.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.70131578947368" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05.jpg" data-image-caption="November 1995: Former President Jimmy Carter and Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa in Cairo, Egypt, where the Carter Center brought together an unprecedented group of leaders committed to resolving the crisis in the Great Lakes region of Africa." data-image-copyright="pp-05" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05-380x266.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-05-760x533.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.79078947368421" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06.jpg" data-image-caption="June 16, 1994: President and Mrs. Carter admire a gift presented by North Korea President Kim Il Sung during their trip to North Korea in June 1994. In 1994, the United States and North Korea were on the brink of war due to concerns North Korea was trying to build a nuclear weapon. In the absence of diplomatic relations between the two nations, President and Mrs. Carter were sent as private citizens representing the Carter Center to meet with President Kim Il Sung in Pyongyang. A breakthrough was achieved, and North Korea agreed to freeze its nuclear program in exchange for a dialogue with the United States. The trip set a new stage for efforts to strengthen peace on the Korean Peninsula." data-image-copyright="pp-06" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06-380x300.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-06-760x601.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.73289473684211" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-12.jpg" data-image-caption="December 8, 1999: Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter mediated a peace accord between Sudan and Uganda on December 8, 1999, in which the two countries agreed to take steps to restore diplomatic relations and promote peace in the region. Sudan President Omar Al-Bashir (left) shakes the hand of Uganda President Yoweri Museveni. Kenya President Daniel arap Moi and President Carter witnessed the signing." data-image-copyright="pp-12" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-12-380x279.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pp-12-760x557.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.67105263157895" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel.jpg" data-image-caption="December 10, 2002: Former President Jimmy Carter is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."" data-image-copyright="president-jimmy-carter-nobel" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel-380x255.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-nobel-760x510.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66447368421053" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-savelugu.jpg" data-image-caption="February 8, 2007: Former President Jimmy Carter comforts six-year-old Ruhama Issah at Savelugu Hospital, as Adams Bawa, a Carter Center technical assistant, dresses her extremely painful Guinea worm wound." data-image-copyright="president-jimmy-carter-savelugu" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-savelugu-380x252.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/president-jimmy-carter-savelugu-760x505.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.66710526315789" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter.jpg" data-image-caption="November 20, 1980: President Jimmy Carter and First Lady Rosalynn Carter greet President-elect Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan, at the White House. (GENE FORTE,ARNOLD SACHS/AFP/Getty Images)" data-image-copyright="USA-REAGAN-CARTER" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter-380x253.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reagancarter-760x507.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.77894736842105" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-01.jpg" data-image-caption="August 9, 1999: President and Mrs. Carter receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Clinton at a ceremony at the Carter Center in Atlanta." data-image-copyright="tc-01" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-01-380x296.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-01-760x592.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.65394736842105" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-12.jpg" data-image-caption="May 12, 2002: President Carter, joined by his wife, Rosalynn, became the first former or sitting U.S. president to travel to Cuba since the 1959 Cuban revolution. In an unprecedented live speech broadcast on Cuban television, President Carter called on the United States to end an "ineffective 43-year-old economic embargo" and on President Castro to hold free elections, improve human rights, and allow greater civil liberties." data-image-copyright="tc-12" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-12-380x249.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tc-12-760x497.jpg"></div>  </figure> <figure class="isotope-item ratio-container--gallery photo" data-category="photo" data-ratio="0.56842105263158" title="" data-gtm-category="photo" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Achiever - ">   <div class="lazyload ratio-container__image" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#imageModal" data-image-src="/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter.jpg" data-image-caption="Academy of Achievement President Christopher B. Hemmeter presents President Jimmy Carter with the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award at the 1984 Summit program in Minneapolis." data-image-copyright="Carter, President Jimmy with Chris Hemmeter" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter-380x216.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Carter-President-Jimmy-with-Chris-Hemmeter-760x432.jpg"></div>  </figure>    </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <footer class="editorial-article__footer col-md-8 col-md-offset-4"> <div class="editorial-article__next-link sans-3"> <a href="#"><strong>What's next:</strong> <span class="editorial-article__next-link-title">profile</span></a> </div> <ul class="social list-unstyled list-inline ssk-group m-b-0"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-facebook" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Facebook"><i class="icon-icon_facebook-circle"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-twitter" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever on Twitter"><i class="icon-icon_twitter-circle"></i></a></li>  <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="" class="ssk ssk-email" data-gtm-category="social" data-gtm-action="click" data-gtm-label="Shared Achiever via Email"><i class="icon-icon_email-circle"></i></a></li> </ul> <time class="editorial-article__last-updated sans-6">This page last revised on August 17, 2019</time> <div class="sans-4"><a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/how-to-cite" target="_blank">How to cite this page</a></div> </footer> </div> <div class="container interview-related-achievers"> <hr class="m-t-3 m-b-3"/> <footer class="clearfix small-blocks text-xs-center"> <h3 class="m-b-3 serif-3">If you are inspired by this achiever, you might also enjoy:</h3> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever public-service help-mankind experienced-war-firsthand ambitious join-the-military pursue-public-office " data-year-inducted="1995" data-achiever-name="Bush"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-h-w-bush/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/bush-007a-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/05/bush-007a-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">George H. 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Clinton</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">42nd President of the United States</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">2002</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever public-service illness-or-disability racism-discrimination ambitious pursue-public-office " data-year-inducted="1995" data-achiever-name="Ginsburg"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gin0-001a-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/gin0-001a-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Justice, Supreme Court of the United States</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">1995</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever experienced-war-firsthand small-town-rural-upbringing " data-year-inducted="1978" data-achiever-name="Johnson"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/johnson-frank-013a-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/11/johnson-frank-013a-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Presidential Medal of Freedom</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">1978</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever public-service public-service experienced-war-firsthand imprisonment-persecution racism-discrimination help-mankind pursue-public-office " data-year-inducted="2003" data-achiever-name="Peres"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/peres_760_ac-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/peres_760_ac-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Shimon Peres</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Nobel Prize for Peace</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">2003</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="centered-blocks"> <div class="isotope-achiever public-service public-service public-service imprisonment-persecution racism-discrimination athletic extroverted spiritual-religious help-mankind pursue-public-office " data-year-inducted="1983" data-achiever-name="Young"> <div class="achiever-block view-grid"> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/andrew-young/"> <figure class="ratio-container ratio-container--square bg-black"> <div class="lazyload box achiever-block__image" data-sizes="auto" data-bgset="/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/young_760_SQUARE-1-190x190.jpg [(max-width:576px)] | /wp-content/uploads/2016/04/young_760_SQUARE-1-380x380.jpg"></div> <div class="achiever-block__overlay"></div> <figcaption class="text-xs-center achiever-block__text"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <div class="achiever-block__text--center"> <div class="achiever-block__name text-brand-primary">Andrew J. Young</div> <div class="achiever-block__known-as text-white sans-6">Civil Rights Ambassador</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-white achiever-block__text--bottom"> <div class="achiever-block__year sans-4">Inducted in <span class="year-inducted">1983</span></div> </div> </figcaption> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </article> <div class="modal image-modal" id="imageModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="imageModal" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="close-container"> <div class="close icon-icon_x" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></div> </div> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <figure class="image-modal__container"> <div class="display--table"> <div class="display--table-cell"> <img class="image-modal__image" src="/web/20200917235159im_/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/" alt=""/>  <figcaption class="p-t-2 container"> <div class="image-modal__caption sans-2 text-white"></div>  </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="content-info main-footer bg-black"> <div class="container"> <div class="find-achiever" id="find-achiever-list"> <div class="form-group"> <input id="find-achiever-input" class="search js-focus" placeholder="Search for an achiever"/> <i class="icon-icon_chevron-down"></i> </div> <ul class="find-achiever-list list m-b-0 list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/hank-aaron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Hank Aaron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/kareem-abdul-jabbar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lynsey-addario/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lynsey Addario</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/edward-albee/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward Albee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/tenley-albright-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tenley Albright, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/svetlana-alexievich/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Svetlana Alexievich</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/julie-andrews/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Julie Andrews</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-angelou/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Angelou</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frances-h-arnold-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frances H. 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Carter Brown</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/linda-buck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linda B. Buck, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carol-burnett/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol Burnett</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-h-w-bush/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George H. W. Bush</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/susan-butcher/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Susan Butcher</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-michael-caine/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Michael Caine</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-cameron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Cameron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/benjamin-s-carson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Benjamin S. Carson, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-carter/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Carter</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/johnny-cash/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Cash</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/william-j-clinton/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William J. Clinton</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/francis-s-collins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/denton-a-cooley/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Denton A. Cooley, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/francis-ford-coppola/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Francis Ford Coppola</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ray-dalio/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Dalio</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/olivia-de-havilland/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Olivia de Havilland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/michael-e-debakey-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/michael-dell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Michael S. Dell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ron-dennis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Dennis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/joan-didion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joan Didion</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-herbert-donald-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Herbert Donald, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-doubilet/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David Doubilet</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jennifer-a-doudna-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jennifer A. Doudna, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/rita-dove/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rita Dove</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sylvia-earle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sylvia Earle, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/elbaradei/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mohamed ElBaradei</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/gertrude-elion/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Gertrude B. Elion, M.Sc.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/larry-j-ellison/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry J. Ellison</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/nora-ephron/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nora Ephron</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/julius-erving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Julius Erving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/tony-fadell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Tony Fadell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Farmer, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/suzanne-farrell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzanne Farrell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-s-fauci-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-field/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally Field</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-norman-foster/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Norman Foster</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/aretha-franklin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Aretha Franklin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Milton Friedman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-fuentes/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Fuentes</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/athol-fugard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Athol Fugard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/peter-gabriel/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peter Gabriel</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernest-j-gaines/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernest J. Gaines</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/william-h-gates-iii/"><span class="achiever-list-name">William H. Gates III</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/leymah-gbowee/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leymah Gbowee</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-gehry/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank O. Gehry</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/murray-gell-mann-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Murray Gell-Mann, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-ghosn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Ghosn</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/vince-gill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Vince Gill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ruth-bader-ginsburg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/louise-gluck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louise Glück</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/whoopi-goldberg/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Whoopi Goldberg</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jane-goodall/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Jane Goodall</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/doris-kearns-goodwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Doris Kearns Goodwin, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/mikhail-s-gorbachev/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mikhail S. Gorbachev</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/nadine-gordimer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nadine Gordimer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-jay-gould/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Jay Gould, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carol-greider-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carol W. Greider, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-grisham/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Grisham</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-john-gurdon/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir John Gurdon</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/dorothy-hamill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dorothy Hamill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/demis-hassabis-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Demis Hassabis, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lauryn-hill/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lauryn Hill</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-edmund-hillary/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Edmund Hillary</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/reid-hoffman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reid Hoffman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/khaled-hosseini/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Khaled Hosseini, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ron-howard/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ron Howard</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-hume/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Hume</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/louis-ignarro-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Louis Ignarro, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/daniel-inouye/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Daniel K. Inouye</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jeremy-irons/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jeremy Irons</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-irving/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John Irving</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/kazuo-ishiguro/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Kazuo Ishiguro</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sir-peter-jackson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sir Peter Jackson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/donald-c-johanson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Donald C. Johanson, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-m-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank M. Johnson, Jr.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/philip-johnson/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Philip C. Johnson</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Chuck Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-earl-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Earl Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/quincy-jones/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Quincy Jones</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/beverly-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Beverly Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/dereck-joubert/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dereck Joubert</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-kagame/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul Kagame</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/thomas-keller-2/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Thomas Keller</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-m-kennedy/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony M. Kennedy</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carole-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carole King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/b-b-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">B.B. King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/coretta-scott-king/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Coretta Scott King</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-kissinger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/willem-j-kolff/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willem J. Kolff, M.D., Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/wendy-kopp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wendy Kopp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/henry-r-kravis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Henry R. Kravis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/nicholas-d-kristof/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Nicholas D. Kristof</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/mike-krzyzewski/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mike Krzyzewski</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ray-kurzwell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ray Kurzweil</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/eric-lander-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Eric S. Lander, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-s-langer-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert S. Langer, Sc.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-leakey/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard E. Leakey</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-lederman-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Lederman, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/congressman-john-r-lewis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Congressman John R. Lewis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/maya-lin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Maya Lin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-lucas/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George Lucas</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-b-maccready-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Paul B. MacCready, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/norman-mailer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Norman Mailer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/peyton-manning/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peyton Manning</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/wynton-marsalis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wynton Marsalis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/john-c-mather-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">John C. Mather, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/johnny-mathis/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Johnny Mathis</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ernst-mayr-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ernst Mayr, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/willie-mays/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Willie Mays</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frank-mccourt/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frank McCourt</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/david-mccullough/"><span class="achiever-list-name">David McCullough</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/audra-mcdonald/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Audra McDonald</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-william-h-mcraven/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral William H. McRaven, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/w-s-merwin/"><span class="achiever-list-name">W. S. Merwin</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/reinhold-messner/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Reinhold Messner</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-a-michener/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James A. Michener</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/marvin-minsky-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Marvin Minsky, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/mario-j-molina-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Mario J. Molina, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/n-scott-momaday-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">N. Scott Momaday, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/story-musgrave/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Story Musgrave, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ralph-nader/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ralph Nader</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/peggy-noonan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Peggy Noonan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jessye-norman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jessye Norman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/tommy-norris/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Thomas R. Norris, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/joyce-carol-oates/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Joyce Carol Oates</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/pierre-omidyar/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pierre Omidyar</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jimmy-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jimmy Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/larry-page/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Larry Page</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/arnold-palmer/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Arnold Palmer</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/leon-panetta/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Leon Panetta</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/rosa-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Rosa Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/suzan-lori-parks/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Suzan-Lori Parks</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/linus-pauling/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Linus C. Pauling, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/shimon-peres/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Shimon Peres</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/itzhak-perlman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Itzhak Perlman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-david-petraeus/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General David H. Petraeus, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sidney-poitier/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sidney Poitier</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-colin-l-powell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General Colin L. Powell, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/harold-prince/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Harold Prince</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/venki-ramakrishnan-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Venki Ramakrishnan, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lord-martin-rees/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lord Martin Rees</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lloyd-richards/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lloyd Richards</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sally-ride-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sally K. Ride, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sonny-rollins/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonny Rollins</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/anthony-romero/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Anthony D. Romero</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/james-rosenquist/"><span class="achiever-list-name">James Rosenquist</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/pete-rozelle/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Pete Rozelle</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/bill-russell/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Bill Russell</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/albie-sachs/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Albie Sachs</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/oliver-sacks-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Oliver Sacks, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/jonas-salk-m-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Jonas Salk, M.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frederick-sanger-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick Sanger, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/george-b-schaller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">George B. Schaller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/barry-scheck/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Barry Scheck</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/richard-evans-schultes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/general-h-norman-schwarzkopf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-schwarzman/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen A. Schwarzman</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/glenn-t-seaborg-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Glenn T. Seaborg, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/neil-sheehan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Neil Sheehan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-alan-shepard-jr/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral Alan B. Shepard, Jr., USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/ellen-johnson-sirleaf/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/carlos-slim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Carlos Slim Helú</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/frederick-w-smith/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Frederick W. Smith</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/stephen-sondheim/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Stephen Sondheim</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/sonia-sotomayor/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Sonia Sotomayor</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/wole-soyinka/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wole Soyinka</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/esperanza-spalding/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Esperanza Spalding</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/martha-stewart/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Martha Stewart</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/admiral-james-b-stockdale/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Admiral James B. Stockdale, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/hilary-swank/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Hilary Swank</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/amy-tan/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Amy Tan</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/dame-kiri-te-kanawa/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Dame Kiri Te Kanawa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/edward-teller-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Edward Teller, Ph.D.</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/twyla-tharp/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Twyla Tharp</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/wayne-thiebaud/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Wayne Thiebaud</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/lt-michael-e-thornton-usn/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Lt. Michael E. Thornton, USN</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/clyde-tombaugh/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Clyde Tombaugh</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200917235159/https://achievement.org/achiever/charles-h-townes-ph-d/"><span class="achiever-list-name">Charles H. 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