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révolution mettant fin à la dynastie Qing </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=R%C3%A9volution+chinoise+de+1911&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css general" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour des articles plus généraux, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la Chine">Histoire de la Chine</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la république de Chine">Histoire de la république de Chine</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>La <b>révolution chinoise de 1911</b> ou <b>révolution Xinhai</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinogramme_simplifi%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinogramme simplifié">chinois simplifié</a> : <span class="lang-zh-hans" lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B" class="extiw" title="wikt:辛">辛</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:亥">亥</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E9%259D%25A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:革">革</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%2591%25BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:命">命</a></span> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinogramme_traditionnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinogramme traditionnel">chinois traditionnel</a> : <span class="lang-zh-hant" lang="zh-hant">辛亥革命</span> ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a> : <span style="font-style:italic;"><span class="lang-zh-latn-pinyin" lang="zh-latn-pinyin"><i>Xīnhài Gémìng</i></span></span> ; désignée ainsi du fait du système de datation du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cycle_sexag%C3%A9simal_chinois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cycle sexagésimal chinois">cycle sexagésimal chinois</a>) est une période de bouleversements sociaux et politiques de grande envergure en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a> qui aboutit au renversement de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_des_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynastie des Qing">dynastie des Qing</a> après 268 ans de règne (1644-1912). Cette <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolution">révolution</a> a lieu du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-10-10" data-sort-value="1911-10-10">10 octobre 1911</time>, date du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_Wuchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soulèvement de Wuchang">soulèvement de Wuchang</a>, au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1912-02-12" data-sort-value="1912-02-12">12 février 1912</time>, date de l'abdication de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, dernier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur de Chine">empereur de Chine</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine_imp%C3%A9riale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine impériale">régime impérial</a> qui gouvernait la Chine depuis des millénaires disparaît, laissant place à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Chine_(1912-1949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République de Chine (1912-1949)">république de Chine</a>.</p> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:26em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #f8eaba;"> <div> Révolution Xinhai </div> </div> <div class="images"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/220px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/330px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg/440px-Xinhai_Revolution_in_Shanghai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="400"></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"> La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rue_de_Nankin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rue de Nankin">rue de Nankin</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanghai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, après le soulèvement de la ville, pavoisée des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_%C3%A0_cinq_couleurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau à cinq couleurs">drapeaux à cinq couleurs</a> alors utilisés par les révolutionnaires de Shanghai et du nord de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a>. </div> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#aaa; height:1px;"></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Date</th> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-10-10" data-sort-value="1911-10-10">10 octobre 1911</time> – <time class="nowrap" datetime="1912-02-12" data-sort-value="1912-02-12">12 février 1912</time><br><small>(<span data-sort-value="&0000000000000125" class="datasortkey">4 mois et 2 jours</span>)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Lieu</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">Chine</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Cause</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_Wuchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soulèvement de Wuchang">Soulèvement de Wuchang</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:7.5em;">Résultat</th> <td>Victoire des révolutionnaires<br> Abdication de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur de Chine">empereur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a><br> Chute de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">dynastie Qing</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine_imp%C3%A9riale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine impériale">régime impérial</a><br> Proclamation de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Chine_(1912-1949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République de Chine (1912-1949)">république</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#f8eaba;"> Chronologie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">10 octobre 1911</th> <td>Début de la révolte à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuchang_(Heilongjiang)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuchang (Heilongjiang)">Wuchang</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">12 février 1912</th> <td>Abdication de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>: Proclamation de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Chine_(1912-1949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République de Chine (1912-1949)">république</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#f8eaba;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DR%25C3%25A9volution_chinoise_de_1911%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89v%C3%A9nement_historique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></p> </div> <p>Le gouvernement impérial tente de reprendre la main en instituant une série de réformes, notamment la suppression de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Examen_imp%C3%A9rial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Examen impérial">examen impérial</a>, qui bouleverse en profondeur l'organisation des élites chinoises. Mais l'administration apparaît sclérosée et, surtout, dominée par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandchous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandchous">ethnie mandchoue</a>, minoritaire, à laquelle appartient la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">dynastie Qing</a>. Le ressentiment d'une partie des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_(ethnie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han (ethnie)">Chinois hans</a>, qui représentent l'ethnie majoritaire, va grandissant.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mouvements_r%C3%A9volutionnaires_pr%C3%A9curseurs"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Mouvements révolutionnaires précurseurs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pr%C3%A9ludes_de_la_r%C3%A9volution"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Préludes de la révolution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9but_du_soul%C3%A8vement"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Début du soulèvement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Insurrection_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Insurrection générale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Proclamation_de_la_R%C3%A9publique"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Proclamation de la République</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Abdication_de_l'Empereur"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Abdication de l'Empereur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9buts_difficiles_de_la_R%C3%A9publique"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Débuts difficiles de la République</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_seigneurs_du_d%C3%A9sordre"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Les seigneurs du désordre</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Mouvements_révolutionnaires_précurseurs"><span id="Mouvements_r.C3.A9volutionnaires_pr.C3.A9curseurs"></span>Mouvements révolutionnaires précurseurs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Mouvements révolutionnaires précurseurs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png/220px-Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="1352"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png/220px-Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png/330px-Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png/440px-Sun_Yat_Sen_together_with_the_members_of_the_Singapore_Branch_of_Tongmen_Hui.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> avec les membres de la branche singapourienne du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>À partir des années 1890, divers mouvements <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationaliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationaliste">nationalistes</a> voient le jour : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xingzhonghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xingzhonghui">Xingzhonghui</a> (<i>Société pour le redressement de la Chine</i> ou <i>Association pour la renaissance de la Chine</i>) fondé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honolulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> en 1894 par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, ou le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huaxinghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huaxinghui">Huaxinghui</a> (<i>Société pour faire revivre la Chine</i>), fondé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huang_Xing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huang Xing">Huang Xing</a>. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1905-08" data-sort-value="1905-08">août 1905</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, divers membres des précédentes organisations s'unissent pour fonder le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> (littéralement « société de loyauté unie », parfois traduit en <span class="citation">« ligue jurée »</span>). Le Tongmenghui axe son action sur trois principes définis par Sun Yat-sen : le nationalisme (indépendance, lutte contre l'impérialisme étranger et la domination mandchoue), la démocratie (établissement d'une république) et le bien-être du peuple (droit à la propriété de la terre égal pour tous). Entre 1895 et 1911, les différentes sociétés secrètes mènent de nombreux soulèvements armés, qui échouent sans pour autant décourager les révolutionnaires<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/220px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/220px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/330px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/440px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Drapeau portant l'emblème du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Ces mouvements insurrectionnels ne visent pas uniquement à réformer le pays mais à changer l’ordre social et à fonder une république, garantissant notamment les droits de la majorité han jusque-là dominée par la minorité mandchoue. Ces mouvements ont lieu dans le sud du pays où existent beaucoup de sociétés secrètes, qui aident les révolutionnaires, ainsi qu'à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, un lieu de passage qui permet des contacts avec l’extérieur. L’échec de la tentative d'insurrection de Sun Yat-sen à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canton_(Chine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canton (Chine)">Canton</a> le conduit à s’exiler au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a>. Au cours des dix années qui suivent, il cherche des soutiens financiers à travers le monde. L'agitation révolutionnaire gagne les diasporas chinoises, notamment en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie">Malaisie</a> et aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, où des fonds sont collectés pour le Tongmenghui.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Préludes_de_la_révolution"><span id="Pr.C3.A9ludes_de_la_r.C3.A9volution"></span>Préludes de la révolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Préludes de la révolution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_de_protection_des_voies_ferr%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvement de protection des voies ferrées">Mouvement de protection des voies ferrées</a>. </div> </div> <p>En 1905, des notables décident de construire avec leurs propres fonds des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voie_ferr%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voie ferrée">voies</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chemin_de_fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chemin de fer">chemin de fer</a> en Chine ; or, en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-05" data-sort-value="1911-05">mai 1911</time>, les autorités impériales, sous l'impulsion du ministre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheng_Xuanhuai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheng Xuanhuai">Sheng Xuanhuai</a>, décrètent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> des voies de chemin de fer, les puissances étrangères voyant d’un mauvais œil l'influence du milieu des notables nationalistes<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf. nécessaire]</span></a></sup>. Les indemnités proposées aux notables chinois leur paraissent insuffisantes : ils créent des comités de défense, notamment au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sichuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>. Une ligue pour la protection des chemins de fer est créée, mais ses manifestations entraînent l'arrestation de ses dirigeants, suivie de manifestations pour réclamer la libération de ces derniers. La répression des manifestations cause plusieurs victimes, radicalisant la contestation. Les sympathies révolutionnaires gagnent la nouvelle armée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hubei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, un tiers environ de ses 15 000 hommes soutenant les républicains. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1911-05-08" data-sort-value="1911-05-08">8 mai 1911</time>, la nomination du premier cabinet ministériel, dirigé par le prince <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Yikuang&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Yikuang (page inexistante)">Yikuang</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yikuang,_Prince_Qing" class="extiw" title="en:Yikuang, Prince Qing"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Yikuang, Prince Qing »">(en)</span></a> et composé d'une forte majorité de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandchous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandchous">Mandchous</a>, est perçue comme une provocation. À cette forte tension politique s'ajoute le désastre naturel causé par la crue du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yangts%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yangtsé">Yang-Tsé</a> en juillet, qui cause environ 100 000 victimes<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> sans que le gouvernement impérial apporte de réponse à la hauteur.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Début_du_soulèvement"><span id="D.C3.A9but_du_soul.C3.A8vement"></span>Début du soulèvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Début du soulèvement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_Wuchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soulèvement de Wuchang">Soulèvement de Wuchang</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_(1911-1928)_18_dots.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg/220px-Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg/220px-Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg/330px-Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg/440px-Chinese-army_Wuhan_flag_%281911-1928%29_18_dots.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Drapeau adopté par les insurgés lors du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soul%C3%A8vement_de_Wuchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soulèvement de Wuchang">soulèvement de Wuchang</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dans une caserne de Wuchang — une composante de l'agglomération de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> —, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="10-10" data-sort-value="10-10">10 octobre</time>, des militaires de l'armée du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hubei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> s'insurgent et déclenchent un soulèvement armé. Le gouvernement impérial tarde à réagir et, dès le lendemain, la ville est contrôlée par les insurgés. Ils proclament la sécession de la province sous l'égide d'un gouvernement républicain, dirigé par le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Li_Yuanhong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Li Yuanhong">Li Yuanhong</a>, qui appelle à l'insurrection les autres provinces.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Insurrection_générale"><span id="Insurrection_g.C3.A9n.C3.A9rale"></span>Insurrection générale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Insurrection générale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Plusieurs provinces chinoises proclament leur indépendance dans les semaines qui suivent : le <time class="nowrap" datetime="10-22" data-sort-value="10-22">22 octobre</time>, une troupe de révolutionnaires comptant des soldats de l'armée du Hubei marche sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Changsha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Changsha">Changsha</a> et prend la ville, tuant le gouverneur du régime Qing. Le même jour, des membres du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> lancent une insurrection à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xi%27an?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> et achèvent de prendre le contrôle de la ville le 23. Toujours le 23, le Tongmengui, mené notamment par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lin_Sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lin Sen">Lin Sen</a>, emmène un soulèvement des troupes du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiangxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a> : un gouvernement militaire est proclamé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiujiang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a>. Le 29, une insurrection armée, comptant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yan_Xishan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yan Xishan">Yan Xishan</a> parmi ses représentants, éclate à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiyuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a> : le gouverneur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> est tué et la province déclare à son tour son indépendance. Le 30, après la prise de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kunming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kunming">Kunming</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cai_E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cai E">Cai E</a> devient le chef du gouvernement militaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yunan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunan">Yunan</a>. Le 31, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a> est prise à son tour par le Tongmenghui.</p> <p>La cour impériale réagit en nommant le <time class="nowrap" datetime="10-14" data-sort-value="10-14">14 octobre</time> le général <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> à la tête du gouvernement. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_de_Beiyang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée de Beiyang">armée de Beiyang</a> est envoyée pour affronter les insurgés. Au cours de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bataille_de_Yangxia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bataille de Yangxia (page inexistante)">bataille de Yangxia</a>, elle prend <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hankou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hankou">Hankou</a>, un quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>. Mais dès le <time class="nowrap" datetime="11-02" data-sort-value="11-02">2 novembre</time>, Yuan Shikai, ne croyant plus à l'avenir de la dynastie Qing, déconsidérée depuis la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_des_Boxers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerre des Boxers">guerre des Boxers</a> et sans appui de l'étranger, entame des négociations secrètes avec les révolutionnaires. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="11-09" data-sort-value="11-09">9 novembre</time>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huang_Xing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huang Xing">Huang Xing</a> prend contact avec Yuan et lui propose la tête de l'État.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 156px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/375px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/500px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_%C3%A0_cinq_couleurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau à cinq couleurs">drapeau à cinq couleurs</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="11-03" data-sort-value="11-03">3 novembre</time>, l'insurrection éclate à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanghai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, le gouvernement militaire étant proclamé dans la ville cinq jours plus tard. Le 4, la révolte gagne le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guizhou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>. Le 5, le gouverneur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jiangsu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, Cheng De, est amené par les insurgés à déclarer l'indépendance de la province. Le 6, c'est le tour du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guangxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> et le 9, celui du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fujian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, où le vice-roi Song Shou se suicide. Toujours le 9, l'indépendance du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guangdong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> est déclarée, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hu_Hanmin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hu Hanmin">Hu Hanmin</a> prenant la tête du gouvernement de la province. À la fin novembre, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sichuan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> tombe à son tour. Le même jour, Li Yuanhong télégraphie à tous les gouverneurs insurgés pour leur proposer de tenir une conférence à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_de_Wuchang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District de Wuchang">Wuchang</a> et de fonder un nouveau gouvernement central. La conférence débute le <time class="nowrap" datetime="11-30" data-sort-value="11-30">30 novembre</time>, les délégués s'accordant finalement pour établir un gouvernement provisoire. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-02" data-sort-value="12-02">2 décembre</time>, les révolutionnaires prennent <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nankin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nankin">Nankin</a>. Entre-temps, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolie-Ext%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolie-Extérieure">Mongolie-Extérieure</a> profite de la situation pour déclarer son indépendance le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-01" data-sort-value="12-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> décembre</time>, établissant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khanat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khanat">khanat</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolie_autonome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolie autonome">Mongolie autonome</a> : le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibet_(1912-1951)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibet (1912-1951)">Tibet</a> expulsera à son tour les autorités chinoises en 1912, pour proclamer sa souveraineté l'année suivante.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-03" data-sort-value="12-03">3 décembre</time>, les troupes de Yuan Shikai s'accordent sur un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cessez-le-feu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cessez-le-feu">cessez-le-feu</a> avec les révolutionnaires et entament des négociations de paix.</p> <p>Le 11, les délégués de dix-sept provinces, venus de Shanghai et Hankou, se réunissent dans la ville et parlementent à nouveau, s'accordant sur l'élection d'un président provisoire. Un nouveau drapeau national est choisi : certains réclament le choix du drapeau bleu à soleil blanc, emblème du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a>, mais le choix se porte finalement sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_%C3%A0_cinq_couleurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau à cinq couleurs">drapeau à cinq couleurs</a>, symbole de l'union de toutes les ethnies chinoises, qui contrebalance la tonalité jusque-là anti-mandchoue de l'insurrection contre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Qing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Qing">dynastie Qing</a>. Un compromis est adopté, le drapeau au ciel bleu à soleil blanc devenant l'enseigne de vaisseau de la République. L'élection du président est repoussée, les insurgés apprenant que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> est prêt à les soutenir et décidant d'attendre sa décision.</p> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-25" data-sort-value="12-25">25 décembre</time>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, jusque-là en exil, arrive à Shanghai, certains révolutionnaires lui proposent d'assumer la présidence. L'élection a lieu le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-29" data-sort-value="12-29">29 décembre</time> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nankin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nankin">Nankin</a>, en présence de 45 délégués représentant 17 provinces. Recevant les suffrages de 16 provinces sur 17, Sun Yat-sen est élu président.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Proclamation_de_la_République"><span id="Proclamation_de_la_R.C3.A9publique"></span>Proclamation de la République</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Proclamation de la République" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg/220px-1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="550"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg/220px-1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg/330px-1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg/440px-1912Jimingxiaoling2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Sun Yat-sen en 1912. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1912-01-01" data-sort-value="1912-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1912</time>, Sun Yat-sen proclame la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Chine_(1912-1949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République de Chine (1912-1949)">république de Chine</a>, lui-même assumant la charge de président provisoire. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nankin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nankin">Nankin</a> devient la capitale provisoire du pays. Sun se rend avec son cabinet sur la tombe de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ming_Yongle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Yongle">Yongle</a>, empereur de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dynastie_Ming?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dynastie Ming">dynastie Ming</a> et s'adressant à ses ancêtres <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_(ethnie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han (ethnie)">han</a>, déclare :</p> <blockquote> <p>« La politique des Mandchous a été une politique extrêmement tyrannique. Motivés par le désir de soumettre perpétuellement les Chinois, les Mandchous ont gouverné le pays au plus grand détriment du peuple. La race chinoise, aujourd'hui, a enfin restauré le gouvernement du peuple de Chine… Le peuple est venu ici pour informer Votre Majesté de la victoire finale<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Laird_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thomas_Laird-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. »</p> </blockquote> <p>Plus tard, dans son discours inaugural comme premier président de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Chine_(1912-1949)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République de Chine (1912-1949)">république de Chine</a>, Sun Yat-sen annonce « l'unification des peuples han, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandchous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandchous">mandchou</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongols">mongol</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hui_(ethnie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hui (ethnie)">hui</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tib%C3%A9tains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibétains">tibétain</a> »<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Abdication_de_l'Empereur"><span id="Abdication_de_l.27Empereur"></span>Abdication de l'Empereur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Abdication de l'Empereur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG/250px-Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="565"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 99px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG/250px-Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="99" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG/375px-Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG/500px-Qingtuiweizhaoshu.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Acte d'abdication de l'Empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le gouvernement impérial ne contrôle plus que le nord, essentiellement la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandchourie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandchourie">Mandchourie</a> et les provinces entourant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>. Apprenant la nomination de Sun Yat-sen comme président, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> interrompt ses négociations avec les révolutionnaires. Le 16, il échappe à un attentat à la bombe organisé par des militants du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> qui le considèrent finalement comme un ennemi. Yuan reprend alors contact avec les insurgés, les assurant de sa loyauté envers la République. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="01-20" data-sort-value="01-20">20 janvier</time>, les révolutionnaires font parvenir à Yuan un télégramme réclamant l'abdication de l'Empereur. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> annonce de son côté qu'il abandonnera la présidence à Yuan Shikai si ce dernier obtient l'abdication.</p> <p>Yuan Shikai parlemente alors avec l'impératrice douairière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Longyu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Longyu">Longyu</a>, lui expliquant ne pouvoir garantir la vie de la famille impériale en cas de refus : l'impératrice accepte de publier l'édit d'abdication, le gouvernement républicain s'engageant de son côté à permettre à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puyi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puyi">Puyi</a>, alors âgé de six ans, de demeurer dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_interdite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cité interdite">Cité interdite</a>, tout en percevant une pension et en continuant de bénéficier de ses serviteurs. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="02-12" data-sort-value="02-12">12 février</time>, l'édit impérial annonçant l'abdication de Puyi est publié : une ligne précise que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> est mandaté pour diriger le gouvernement provisoire.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Débuts_difficiles_de_la_République"><span id="D.C3.A9buts_difficiles_de_la_R.C3.A9publique"></span>Débuts difficiles de la République</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Débuts difficiles de la République" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Le Parlement provisoire accepte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> comme nouveau président. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="03-10" data-sort-value="03-10">10 mars</time>, Yuan succède officiellement à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, déplace à nouveau la capitale du pays à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>, et commence à recevoir la reconnaissance du nouveau régime par les pays étrangers. Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="08-25" data-sort-value="08-25">25 août</time>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongmenghui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a> et différents groupes nationalistes se dissolvent pour fonder ensemble le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuomintang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>.</p> <p>En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1913-02" data-sort-value="1913-02">février 1913</time>, le nouveau parti remporte les premières élections législatives libres : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Song_Jiaoren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Song Jiaoren">Song Jiaoren</a>, un de ses principaux dirigeants, apparaît favori pour devenir Premier ministre. Il est assassiné le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1913-03-20" data-sort-value="1913-03-20">20 mars 1913</time>, les soupçons se portent sur Yuan Shikai.</p> <p>Au fur et à mesure que la décennie s'écoule, les perspectives pour le renouveau national sont de moins en moins encourageantes. La révolution Xinhai de 1911 ne réalise aucune de ses ambitions. Sa seule « réalisation » aura été le renversement de la dynastie mandchoue.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Les_seigneurs_du_désordre"><span id="Les_seigneurs_du_d.C3.A9sordre"></span>Les seigneurs du désordre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les seigneurs du désordre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Dans les provinces, dès le début, les réformistes, comme ceux du Hunan, craignent que le gouvernement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> ne s'avère qu'une réplique de l'autocratie des Qing, précédemment servie. De fait, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuan_Shikai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> effectue bientôt un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coup d'État">coup d'État</a> et établit sa propre dictature militaire. En 1915, la Chine entre ainsi dans le bref épisode de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restauration_imp%C3%A9riale_chinoise_(1915-1916)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauration impériale chinoise (1915-1916)">restauration impériale</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wanqingyuan.com.sg/english/onceupon/china.html">Dr Sun & 1911 Revolution</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/catastrophes-naturelles/chronologie.shtml">Catastrophes naturelles et prévention des risques</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Laird-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Thomas_Laird_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Thomas Laird, Dalaï-Lama, Christophe Mercier, <i>Une histoire du Tibet : Conversations avec le Dalaï Lama</i>, Plon, 2007 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-259-19891-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-259-19891-0"><span class="nowrap">2-259-19891-0</span></a>)</small>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.freetibet.org/about/china-tibet-china-white-paper-1992"><i>China White Paper, Tibet:its Ownership and Human Rights Situation</i></a>, texte du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conseil_des_affaires_de_l%27%C3%89tat_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conseil des affaires de l'État de la république populaire de Chine">Conseil des affaires de l'État de la république populaire de Chine</a>, septembre 1992, reproduit sur le site de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_Tibet_Campaign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free Tibet Campaign">Free Tibet Campaign</a>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Compilé par la presse commerciale, extraits de journaux révolutionnaires, Shanghai, The Commercial Press 1912 , 106 p ( OCLC9003647)</li> <li>Xavier Paulès, <i>La République de Chine, 1912-1949</i>, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2019, chapitre 1</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la Chine">Histoire de la Chine</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_de_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la république de Chine">Histoire de la république de Chine</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1911_(film)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1911 (film)"><i>1911</i></a>, long métrage sur la révolution (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jackie_Chan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a>, 2011)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homer_Lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homer Lea">Homer Lea</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9volution_chinoise_de_1911&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190517?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/event/Chinese-Revolution-1911-1912"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3967480"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190517?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119361068">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119361068">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85024103">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571018">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007285781205171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func%3Dfind-c%26local_base%3Daut%26ccl_term%3Dica%3Dph744590">Tchéquie</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://fotofil.org/photos/index;album_id%3D22">Photos de la révolution chinoise en 1911</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la politique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 48px;height: 19px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/72px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/96px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Politique">Portail de la politique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des années 1910"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif/31px-Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif" decoding="async" width="31" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif/31px-Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="31" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif/47px-Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif/62px-Kandinsky_Sans_titre_1910-1913_MAM.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Années 1910">Portail des années 1910</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Histoire_de_la_Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l'Histoire de la Chine"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 24px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="36" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25A2%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258A%2583%25E1%258B%25AD_%25E1%258A%25A0%25E1%2589%25A5%25E1%258B%25AE%25E1%2589%25B5" title="ሢንኃይ አብዮት – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሢንኃይ አብዮት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A" title="ثورة شينهاي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثورة شينهاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3n_de_Xinhai" title="Revolución de Xinhai – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Revolución de Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinxay_inqilab%25C4%25B1" title="Sinxay inqilabı – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sinxay inqilabı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C" title="شین‌های اینقیلابی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شین‌های اینقیلابی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Синхайска революция – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Синхайска революция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25AF%25E0%25A7%25A7%25E0%25A7%25A7_%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25AC" title="১৯১১ বিপ্লব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯১১ বিপ্লব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2585%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Синьхай хубисхал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Синьхай хубисхал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3_Xinhai" title="Revolució Xinhai – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolució Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinchajsk%25C3%25A1_revoluce" title="Sinchajská revoluce – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sinchajská revoluce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai-revolutionen" title="Xinhai-revolutionen – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xinhai-revolutionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai-Revolution" title="Xinhai-Revolution – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xinhai-Revolution" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CF%2580%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B7_%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585_1911" title="Επανάσταση του 1911 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επανάσταση του 1911" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1911 Revolution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%25C3%25B3n_de_Xinhai" title="Revolución de Xinhai – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revolución de Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai_revolutsioon" title="Xinhai revolutsioon – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Xinhai revolutsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai_Iraultza" title="Xinhai Iraultza – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xinhai Iraultza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8_%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C" title="انقلاب شین‌های – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انقلاب شین‌های" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai-vallankumous" title="Xinhai-vallankumous – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xinhai-vallankumous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiineesk_Rewolutsion_faan_1911" title="Schiineesk Rewolutsion faan 1911 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Schiineesk Rewolutsion faan 1911" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2594%25D7%25A4%25D7%259B%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%2594%25D7%2590%25D7%2599" title="מהפכת שינהאי – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהפכת שינהאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25A7_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF" title="१९११ की चीन की क्रांति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९११ की चीन की क्रांति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258D%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D6%2583%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AD%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Սինհայական հեղափոխություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սինհայական հեղափոխություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Xinhai" title="Revolusi Xinhai – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revolusi Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivoluzione_cinese_(1911)" title="Rivoluzione cinese (1911) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivoluzione cinese (1911)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="სინხაის რევოლუცია – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სინხაის რევოლუცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2581%25D1%258B" title="Синхай революциясы – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Синхай революциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258B%25A0%25ED%2595%25B4%25ED%2598%2581%25EB%25AA%2585" title="신해혁명 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신해혁명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhai_revoliucija" title="Sinhai revoliucija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sinhai revoliucija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C5%2586hajas_revol%25C5%25ABcija" title="Siņhajas revolūcija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Siņhajas revolūcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Синьхайн хувьсгал – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Синьхайн хувьсгал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_1911" title="Revolusi 1911 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Revolusi 1911" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258B_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF,_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25AF%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A5%25A7" title="चीनको क्रान्ति, सन् १९११ – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चीनको क्रान्ति, सन् १९११" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhairevolutie" title="Xinhairevolutie – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xinhairevolutie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhairevolusjonen" title="Xinhairevolusjonen – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xinhairevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhairevolusjonen" title="Xinhairevolusjonen – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xinhairevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolucion_chinesa_de_1911" title="Revolucion chinesa de 1911 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Revolucion chinesa de 1911" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewolucja_Xinhai" title="Rewolucja Xinhai – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rewolucja Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8" title="شینہائی انقلاب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شینہائی انقلاب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_Xinhai" title="Revolução Xinhai – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolução Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%25C8%259Bia_Xinhai" title="Revoluția Xinhai – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revoluția Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Синьхайская революция – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Синьхайская революция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai_revolucija" title="Xinhai revolucija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Xinhai revolucija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" title="Xinhai Revolution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xinhai Revolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolucioni_Xinhai" title="Revolucioni Xinhai – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Revolucioni Xinhai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhajska_revolucija" title="Sinhajska revolucija – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sinhajska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhairevolutionen" title="Xinhairevolutionen – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xinhairevolutionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2580%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%259F%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF_(1911)" title="சீனப் புரட்சி (1911) – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனப் புரட்சி (1911)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%258F%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2584%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B9%2588" title="การปฏิวัติซินไฮ่ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิวัติซินไฮ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebolusyong_1911" title="Rebolusyong 1911 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rebolusyong 1911" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Devrimi" title="1911 Devrimi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1911 Devrimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258E%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Синьхайська революція – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Синьхайська революція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8" title="شینہائی انقلاب – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شینہائی انقلاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25A1ch_m%25E1%25BA%25A1ng_T%25C3%25A2n_H%25E1%25BB%25A3i" title="Cách mạng Tân Hợi – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cách mạng Tân Hợi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-h%25C4%2581i_Kek-b%25C4%2593ng" title="Sin-hāi Kek-bēng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sin-hāi Kek-bēng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25BE%259B%25E4%25BA%25A5%25E9%259D%25A9%25E5%2591%25BD" title="辛亥革命 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="辛亥革命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 novembre 2024 à 04:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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