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<li id="toc-Federal_Security_Agency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Security_Agency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Federal Security Agency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Security_Agency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Department_of_Health_&_Human_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Department_of_Health_&_Human_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Department of Health & Human Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Department_of_Health_&_Human_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internal_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Internal structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immediate_Office_of_the_Secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immediate_Office_of_the_Secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Immediate Office of the Secretary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immediate_Office_of_the_Secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_the_Secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_the_Secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Office of the Secretary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_the_Secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Intergovernmental_and_External_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Intergovernmental_and_External_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Intergovernmental_and_External_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Public_Health_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Public_Health_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>U.S. Public Health Service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Public_Health_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_Services_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_Services_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Human Services agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_Services_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_Inspector_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_Inspector_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Office of Inspector General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_of_Inspector_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operating_divisions_and_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operating_divisions_and_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Former operating divisions and agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operating_divisions_and_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget_and_finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget_and_finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Budget and finances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget_and_finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Programs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act_(HIPAA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act_(HIPAA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act_(HIPAA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Social Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevention_and_Wellness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevention_and_Wellness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Prevention and Wellness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevention_and_Wellness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strengthening_Communities_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strengthening_Communities_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Strengthening Communities Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strengthening_Communities_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodefense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodefense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Biodefense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodefense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Criticisms and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticisms and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Freedom of Information Act processing performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Related legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Department of Health and Human Services</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="وزارة الصحة والخدمات الإنسانية (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزارة الصحة والخدمات الإنسانية (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Salut_y_Servicios_Humans_d%27os_Estaus_Unius" title="Departamento de Salut y Servicios Humans d'os Estaus Unius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Departamento de Salut y Servicios Humans d'os Estaus Unius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birl%C9%99%C5%9Fmi%C5%9F_%C5%9Etatlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_S%C9%99hiyy%C9%99_v%C9%99_Sosial_Xidm%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Departamenti" title="Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatlarının Səhiyyə və Sosial Xidmətlər Departamenti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatlarının Səhiyyə və Sosial Xidmətlər Departamenti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kok_%C5%8Ce-seng_ki%CC%8Dp_Kong-ki%C5%8Dng_Ho%CC%8Dk-b%C5%AB-p%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Bí-kok Ōe-seng ki̍p Kong-kiōng Ho̍k-bū-pō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kok Ōe-seng ki̍p Kong-kiōng Ho̍k-bū-pō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Министерство на здравеопазването и социалната политика на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министерство на здравеопазването и социалната политика на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departament_de_Salut_i_Serveis_Humans_dels_Estats_Units" title="Departament de Salut i Serveis Humans dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Departament de Salut i Serveis Humans dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerstvo_zdravotnictv%C3%AD_a_soci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_p%C3%A9%C4%8De_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Ministerstvo zdravotnictví a sociální péče Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ministerstvo zdravotnictví a sociální péče Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_f%C3%BCr_Gesundheitspflege_und_Soziale_Dienste_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Ministerium für Gesundheitspflege und Soziale Dienste der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerium für Gesundheitspflege und Soziale Dienste der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_Tervishoiu-_ja_Teenindusministeerium" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Tervishoiu- ja Teenindusministeerium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide Tervishoiu- ja Teenindusministeerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Υπουργείο Υγείας και Κοινωνικών Υπηρεσιών των ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπουργείο Υγείας και Κοινωνικών Υπηρεσιών των ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Salud_y_Servicios_Humanos_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Osasun_eta_Giza_Zerbitzu_Saila" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Osasun eta Giza Zerbitzu Saila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Osasun eta Giza Zerbitzu Saila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وزارت بهداشت و خدمات انسانی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزارت بهداشت و خدمات انسانی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_la_Sant%C3%A9_et_des_Services_sociaux_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Département de la Santé et des Services sociaux des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Département de la Santé et des Services sociaux des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet_V%C3%AD-s%C3%AAn_khi%CC%8Dp_K%C3%BBng-khiung_Fu%CC%8Dk-vu-phu" title="Mî-koet Ví-sên khi̍p Kûng-khiung Fu̍k-vu-phu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-koet Ví-sên khi̍p Kûng-khiung Fu̍k-vu-phu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EB%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EB%B6%80" title="미국 보건복지부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 보건복지부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministarstvo_zdravstva_i_socijalne_skrbi_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ministarstvo zdravstva i socijalne skrbi Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ministarstvo zdravstva i socijalne skrbi Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departemen_Kesehatan_dan_Layanan_Masyarakat_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartimento_della_salute_e_dei_servizi_umani_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Dipartimento della salute e dei servizi umani degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dipartimento della salute e dei servizi umani degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Department of Health and Human Services" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%89%E7%9C%81" title="アメリカ合衆国保健福祉省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国保健福祉省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helse-_og_omsorgsdepartementet_(USA)" title="Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departamento_de_Sa%C3%BAde_e_Servi%C3%A7os_Humanos_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Departamento de Saúde e Serviços Humanos dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Departamento de Saúde e Serviços Humanos dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Министерство здравоохранения и социальных служб США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Министерство здравоохранения и социальных служб США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Department of Health and Human Services" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وەزارەتی تەندروستیی ولایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وەزارەتی تەندروستیی ولایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_terveysministeri%C3%B6" title="Yhdysvaltain terveysministeriö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain terveysministeriö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_h%C3%A4lso-_och_socialdepartement" title="USA:s hälso- och socialdepartement – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s hälso- och socialdepartement" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="กระทรวงสุขภาพและบริการมนุษย์สหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระทรวงสุขภาพและบริการมนุษย์สหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_ve_Sosyal_Hizmetler_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sağlık ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Міністерство охорони здоров'я і соціальних служб США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міністерство охорони здоров'я і соціальних служб США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_Y_t%E1%BA%BF_v%C3%A0_D%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_Nh%C3%A2n_sinh_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Bộ Y tế và Dịch vụ Nhân sinh Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Y tế và Dịch vụ Nhân sinh Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E9%83%A8" title="美国卫生及公共服务部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Department of the US federal government</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Department of Health and Human Services" redirects here. For government departments by that name in other jurisdictions, see <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Department of Health and Human Services (disambiguation)">Department of Health and Human Services (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Department of Health and Human Services</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="United States Department of Health and Human Services seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/175px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/263px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/350px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="406" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seal of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="United States Department of Health and Human Services flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg/175px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg/263px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg/350px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building,_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill,_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="United States Department of Health and Human Services building headquarters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg/220px-Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg/330px-Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg/440px-Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building%2C_located_at_the_foot_of_Capitol_Hill%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2013634632.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5672" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span><br />Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Department headquarters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Department overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">May 4, 1980</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Agency" title="Federal Security Agency">Federal Security Agency</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal Government of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Building">Hubert H. Humphrey Building</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">83,202 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326?uselang=en#P1128" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.631 trillion (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Department executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326?uselang=en#P3975" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palm" title="Andrea Palm">Andrea Palm</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326?uselang=en#P2098" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services">Deputy Secretary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">www<wbr />.hhs<wbr />.gov</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Department of Health and Human Services</b> (<b>HHS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">cabinet-level</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive branch</a> department of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> created to protect the <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> of the U.S. people and providing essential human services. Its <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the separate federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a> was created in 1979, it was called the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). </p><p>HHS is administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">secretary of health and human services</a>, who is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. The position is currently held by <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">uniformed service</a> of the PHS, is led by the <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">surgeon general</a> who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the secretary or by the <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_for_Health" title="Assistant Secretary for Health">assistant secretary for health</a> in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Security_Agency">Federal Security Agency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Federal Security Agency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Agency" title="Federal Security Agency">Federal Security Agency</a></div> <p>The Federal Security Agency (FSA) was established on July 1, 1939, under the <a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Act_of_1939" title="Reorganization Act of 1939">Reorganization Act of 1939</a>, P.L. 76–19. The objective was to bring together in one agency all federal programs in the fields of health, education, and social security. The first Federal Security Administrator was <a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">Paul V. McNutt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1972_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1972-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new agency originally consisted of the following major components: (1) Office of the Administrator, (2) Public Health Service (PHS), (3) Office of Education, (4) Civilian Conservation Corps, and (5) Social Security Board.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare"><span id="Department_of_Health.2C_Education.2C_and_Welfare"></span>Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:278px;max-width:278px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seal of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare until 1979" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="295" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare until 1979" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png/170px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png/255px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png/340px-Flag_of_the_Department_of_Health%2C_Education%2C_and_Welfare.png 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The seal and flag of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare until 1979</div></div></div></div> <p>The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) was created on April 11, 1953, when Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 became effective. HEW thus became the first new Cabinet-level department since the Department of Labor was created in 1913. The Reorganization Plan abolished the FSA and transferred all of its functions to the secretary of HEW and all components of the agency to the department. The first secretary of HEW was <a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a>, a native of Texas, who had served as commander of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps" title="Women's Army Corps">Women's Army Corps</a> in World War II and was editor and publisher of the <i><a href="/wiki/Houston_Post" title="Houston Post">Houston Post</a></i>. Sworn in on April 11, 1953, as secretary, she had been FSA administrator since January 21, 1953.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The six major program-operating components of the new department were the Public Health Service, the Office of Education, the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>, the Social Security Administration, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Vocational_Rehabilitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Vocational Rehabilitation">Office of Vocational Rehabilitation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Elizabeth's Hospital">St. Elizabeth's Hospital</a>. The department was also responsible for three federally aided corporations: <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Institution_for_the_Deaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Institution for the Deaf">Columbia Institution for the Deaf</a> (Gallaudet College since 1954).<sup id="cite_ref-PI181_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PI181-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Department_of_Health_&_Human_Services"><span id="Department_of_Health_.26_Human_Services"></span>Department of Health & Human Services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Department of Health & Human Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) on October 17, 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when its education functions were transferred to the newly created <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_Organization_Act" title="Department of Education Organization Act">Department of Education Organization Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a> was removed from the Department of Health & Human Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States government. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_federal_budget" title="2010 United States federal budget">2010 United States federal budget</a> established a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over 10 years to finance fundamental reform of the health care system.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_structure">Internal structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Internal structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Health & Human Services is led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">United States Secretary of Health and Human Services</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Cabinet">United States Cabinet</a> appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> with the consent of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. The secretary is assisted in managing the department by the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services">Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services</a>, who is also appointed by the president. The secretary and deputy secretary are further assisted by seven assistant secretaries, who serve as top departmental administrators.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of January 20, 2018, this is the top level of the organizational chart. HHS provides further organizational detail on its website.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several agencies within HHS are components of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a> (PHS), as noted below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immediate_Office_of_the_Secretary">Immediate Office of the Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Immediate Office of the Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Immediate Office of the Secretary</b> (<b>IOS</b>) is the top-level unit that directly reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. They assist in the administration of HHS and include the following components: </p> <ul><li><b>Office of the Deputy Secretary</b> (<b>DS</b>) – an Executive Schedule, Level II Position. This role is responsible for all departmental operations.</li> <li><b>Office of the Chief of Staff</b> (<b>COS</b>) – This role is responsible for staff coordination and support.</li> <li><b>Office of the General Counsel</b> (<b>OGC</b>)</li> <li><b>Executive Secretariat</b> (<b>ES</b> or <i><b>ExecSec</b></i>) – Develops and reviews rules, regulations, correspondences, Reports to Congress, and other policy-related documents and decisions. Headed by the Executive Secretary to the Department and assisted by the Deputy Executive Secretary.</li> <li><b>Office of Health Reform</b> – Oversees the implementation of new policies and legislation.</li> <li><b>Office of the Chief Technology Officer</b> (<b>CTO</b>) – Oversees the use of Data and Technology implementations in HHS.</li> <li><b>Office of National Security</b> (<b>ONS</b>) – A department-wide office that provides oversight, policy direction, standards, and performance assessments on all intelligence and national security related programs within HHS.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_the_Secretary">Office of the Secretary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Office of the Secretary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Office of the Secretary</b> (<b>OS</b>) is the unit directly below the Immediate Office of the Secretary, but still directly reports to the Secretary. This unit consists of the offices of assistant secretaries including:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Financial Resources</b> (<b>ASFR</b>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_National_Coordinator_for_Health_Information_Technology" title="Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology">Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</a> (<b>ONC</b>)</li> <li><b>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Public Affairs</b> (<b>ASPA</b>)</li> <li><b>Office of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation</b> (<b>ASL</b>)</li> <li><b>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation</b> (<b>ASPE</b>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Intergovernmental_and_External_Affairs">Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs</b> (<b>IEA</b>) serves as the liaison to state, local and tribal governments as well as NGOs. Through the IEA, HHS directs oversees current federal health programs at the regional and tribal level. </p> <ul><li><b>Headquarters Staff</b> – assists the <b>HHS</b> Secretary in developing policies related to state and local government relations.</li> <li><b>Tribal Affairs</b> – serves as the point of contact for <b>HHS</b> regarding <b>HHS</b> programs on Indian reservations.</li> <li><b>Center for Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships</b> (a.k.a. the <i>Partnership Center</i>) – works to create partnerships with faith-based and community organizations at the local level.</li> <li><b>Office of Human Resources</b> – the department-wide office for <b>HR</b> related issues.</li> <li><b>Regional Offices</b> – Work with the subordinated state governments to institute <b>HHS</b> policy in the respective regions. Each office is led by a presidential-appointed regional director.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>HHS IEA Regional Offices </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region</th> <th>Regional Director</th> <th>Subordinated States </th></tr> <tr> <td>Region 1</td> <td>Paul Jacobsen</td> <td>Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 2</td> <td>Dennis González</td> <td>New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 3</td> <td>Dalton Paxtan</td> <td>Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 4</td> <td>Thomas Bowman</td> <td>Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 5</td> <td>Joshua Devine</td> <td>Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 6</td> <td>Julia Lothrop</td> <td>Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 7</td> <td>Scott Conner</td> <td>Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 8</td> <td>Elsa Ramirez</td> <td>Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 9</td> <td>Bonnie Preston</td> <td>Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,<br />Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau </td></tr> <tr> <td>Region 10</td> <td>Renée Bouvion</td> <td>Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Public_Health_Service">U.S. Public Health Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U.S. Public Health Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within HHS is a collection of agencies and offices that fall under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a>. The PHS also is home to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a> (<b>PHSCC</b>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Health" title="Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health</a> (OASH) and the <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">U.S. Surgeon General</a></li> <li>Office of Global Affairs</li></ul> <p>The subordinate operating agencies under the Public Health Service: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Service" title="Indian Health Service">Indian Health Service</a> (IHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a> (ATSDR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Resources_and_Services_Administration" title="Health Resources and Services Administration">Health Resources and Services Administration</a> (HRSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> (AHRQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration" title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</a> (SAMHSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Strategic_Preparedness_and_Response" title="Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response">Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</a> (ASPR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a> (ARPA-H)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_Services_agencies">Human Services agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Human Services agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list includes the subordinate agencies that do not fall under the Public Health Service, but are under HHS: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Children_and_Families" title="Administration for Children and Families">Administration for Children and Families</a> (ACF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Community_Living" title="Administration for Community Living">Administration for Community Living</a> (ACL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services</a> (CMS) – formerly the <a href="/wiki/Health_Care_Financing_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Care Financing Administration">Health Care Financing Administration</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_of_Inspector_General">Office of Inspector General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Office of Inspector General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General,_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a> (OIG) investigates criminal activity for HHS. The <a href="/wiki/Special_agent" title="Special agent">special agents</a> who work for OIG have the same title series "1811" as other federal criminal investigators, such as the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>, HSI, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a>. They receive their law enforcement training at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, Georgia. OIG Special Agents have special skills in investigating <a href="/wiki/White_collar_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="White collar crime">white collar crime</a> related to <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> fraud and abuse. Organized crime has dominated the criminal activity relative to this type of fraud.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>HHS-OIG investigates tens of millions of dollars in Medicare fraud each year. In addition, OIG will continue its coverage of all 50 states and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> by its multi-agency task forces (PSOC Task Forces) that identify, investigate, and prosecute individuals who willfully avoid payment of their child support obligations under the Child Support Recovery Act.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>HHS-OIG agents also provide protective services to the Secretary of HHS, and other department executives as necessary. </p><p>In 2002, the department released <a href="/wiki/Healthy_People_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthy People 2010">Healthy People 2010</a>, a national strategic initiative for improving the health of Americans. </p><p>With the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Fraud_Enforcement_and_Recovery_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act">Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> of 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Inspector General">Office of the Inspector General</a> has taken an emboldened stance against healthcare related non-compliance, most notably for violations of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Kickback_Statute" title="Anti-Kickback Statute">Anti-Kickback Statute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BeckersStarkLawEnforcement_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeckersStarkLawEnforcement-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the OIG issued a fraud alert as a warning to hospitals and healthcare systems to monitor and comply with their physician compensation arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-oig.hhs.gov_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oig.hhs.gov-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent years have seen dramatic increases in both the number and the amounts of <a href="/wiki/Stark_Law" title="Stark Law">Stark Law</a> violation settlements, prompting healthcare experts to identify a need for automated solutions that manage physician arrangements by centralizing necessary information with regard to physician–hospital integration.<sup id="cite_ref-BeckersStarkLawViolation_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeckersStarkLawViolation-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Contract_management" title="Contract management">Contract management</a> software companies such as <b>Meditract</b> provide options for health systems to organize and store physician contracts. Ludi Inc introduced DocTime Log®, an <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">SaaS</a> solution that specifically addresses this growing concern, automating physician time logging in compliance with contract terms to eliminate Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a report released by the OIG in July 2019, more than 80 percent of the 4,563 U.S. hospice centers that provide care to Medicare beneficiaries surveyed from 2012 to 2016 have at least one deficiency and 20 percent have at least one "serious deficiency".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From January 2020, <a href="/wiki/Christi_Grimm" title="Christi Grimm">Christi Grimm</a> became the principal deputy inspector general. She assumed the duties of an acting inspector general, because the inspector general post was empty.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, Grimm released a report which surveyed the state of hospitals in late March during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a>. The hospitals reported "severe shortages of testing supplies", "frequently waiting 7 days or longer for test results", which extended the length of patient stays and strained resources, and "widespread shortages of PPE".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Trump called the report "wrong" and questioned Grimm's motives. Later he called the report "Another Fake Dossier!"<sup id="cite_ref-RobertsonApril7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobertsonApril7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, Trump nominated Jason Weida to be the permanent inspector general, pending confirmation by the U.S. Senate. According to a department spokeswoman, Grimm will remain as principal deputy inspector general.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operating_divisions_and_agencies">Former operating divisions and agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Former operating divisions and agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a>, made independent in 1995.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget_and_finances">Budget and finances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Budget and finances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Health and Human Services was authorized a budget for <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_budget" title="2020 United States federal budget">fiscal year 2020</a> of $1.293 trillion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-hhs_budget_fy2020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhs_budget_fy2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Program </th> <th>Budget authority (in millions) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Food and Drug Administration </td> <td>$3,329 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health Resources and Services Administration </td> <td>$11,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indian Health Service </td> <td>$6,104 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention </td> <td>$6,767 </td></tr> <tr> <td>National Institutes of Health </td> <td>$33,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration </td> <td>$5,535 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality </td> <td>$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services </td> <td>$1,169,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administration for Children and Families </td> <td>$52,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administration for Community Living </td> <td>$1,997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Departmental Management </td> <td>$340 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-Recurring Expense Fund </td> <td>$-400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals </td> <td>$186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of the National Coordinator </td> <td>$43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office for Civil Rights </td> <td>$30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Office of Inspector General </td> <td>$82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund </td> <td>$2,667 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Program Support Center </td> <td>$749 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offsetting Collections </td> <td>$-629 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Collections </td> <td>$-163 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>TOTAL</b> </td> <td><b>$1,292,523</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The FY2020 budget included a $1.276 billion budget decrease for the Centers for Disease Control, and a $4.533 billion budget decrease for the National Institutes of Health. These budget cuts, along with other changes since 2019, comprised a total decrease of over $24 billion in revised discretionary budget authority across the entire Department of Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-hhs_budget_fy2020_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhs_budget_fy2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional details of the budgeted outlays, budget authority, and detailed budgets for other years, can be found at the HHS Budget website.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programs">Programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Department of Health & Human Services' administers 115 programs across its 11 operating divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) aims to "protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These federal programs consist of social service programs, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> and healthcare privacy programs, disaster preparedness programs, and health related research. HHS offers a variety of social service programs geared toward persons with low income, <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a>, military families, and senior citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the <a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">HIPAA</a>) which protect patient's privacy in regards to medical information, protects workers health insurance when unemployed, and sets guidelines surrounding some health insurance. HHS collaborates with the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Preparedness_and_Response" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response</a> and <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Emergency_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Emergency Management">Office of Emergency Management</a> to prepare and respond to health emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A broad array of health related research is supported or completed under the HHS; secondarily under HHS, the <a href="/wiki/Health_Resources_%26_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Resources & Services Administration">Health Resources & Service Administration</a> houses data warehouses and makes health data available surrounding a multitude of topics.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HHS also has vast offering of health related resources and tools to help educate the public on health policies and pertinent <a href="/wiki/Population_health" title="Population health">population health</a> information. Some examples of available resources include <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">disease prevention</a>, wellness, health insurance information, as well as links to healthcare providers and facilities, meaningful health related materials, <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> and safety information.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some highlights include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare" title="Artificial intelligence in healthcare">AI in health</a> and social science research</li> <li>Preventing disease, including immunization services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARPA-H" class="mw-redirect" title="ARPA-H">ARPA-H</a></li> <li>Assuring food and drug safety</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> (health insurance for elderly and disabled Americans) and <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> (health insurance for low-income people)</li> <li>Health information technology</li> <li>Financial assistance and services for low-income families</li> <li>Improving maternal and infant health, including a Nurse Home Visitation to support first-time mothers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Head Start Program">Head Start</a> (pre-school education and services)</li> <li>Faith-based and community initiatives</li> <li>Preventing child abuse and domestic violence</li> <li>Substance abuse treatment and prevention</li> <li>Services for older Americans, including home-delivered meals</li> <li>Comprehensive health services for Native Americans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assets_for_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Assets for independence">Assets for Independence</a></li> <li>Medical preparedness for emergencies, including potential terrorism</li> <li>Child support enforcement<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act_(HIPAA)"><span id="The_Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act_.28HIPAA.29"></span>The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This program is to ensure the accountability of medical professionals to respect and carry-out basic human health rights, under the act of the same name. In the United States, the government feels that it is essential for the American people to understand their civil duty and rights to all of their medical information. That includes: health insurance policies or medical records from every doctor or emergency visit in one's life. Through Health & Human services one is able to file a complaint that their HIPAA rights have been violated or a consultant that will be able to decide if their rights were violated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Services">Social Services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Social Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This branch has everything to do with the social justice, wellness, and care of all people throughout the United States. This includes but is not limited to people who need government assistance, foster care, unaccompanied alien children, daycares (headstart included), adoption, senior citizens, and disability programs. Social services is one of (if not) the largest branch of programs underneath it that has a wide variety throughout the United States at a state and local level.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevention_and_Wellness">Prevention and Wellness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Prevention and Wellness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prevention and wellness program's main idea is to give the American people the ability to live the healthiest and best lifestyle physically that they can. They are the ones who deal with vaccines and immunizations, which fight from common diseases to deadly ones. The nutrition & fitness program that are the basics of healthy eating and regular exercise. Health screenings & family health history which are crucial in the knowledge of each individual's health and body. A severely important one especially in today's society is mental health and substance abuse in where they help people with mental illness and drug abuse. Lastly, they help with environmental health where people are researching and studying how our environments both physical and metaphorically have a short- and long-term effect on our health and wellness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strengthening_Communities_Fund">Strengthening Communities Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Strengthening Communities Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2010, the Department of Health & Human Services created the Strengthening Communities Fund<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a>. The fund was appropriated $50 million to be given as grants to organizations in the United States who were engaged in Capacity Building programs. The grants were given to two different types of capacity builders: </p> <ul><li>State, Local and Tribal governments engaged in capacity building: grants will go to state local and tribal governments to equip them with the capacity to more effectively partner with faith-based or non-faith based nonprofit organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capacity building in this program will involve education and outreach that catalyzes more involvement of nonprofit organizations in economic recovery and building up nonprofit organization's abilities to tackle economic problems. State, Local and Tribal governments can receive up to $250,000 in two year grants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonprofit">Nonprofit</a> Social Service Providers engaged in capacity building: they will make grants available to nonprofit organizations who can assist other nonprofit organizations in organizational development, program development, leadership, and evaluations. Nonprofits can receive up to $1 million in two year grants</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodefense">Biodefense</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Biodefense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HHS plays a role in protecting the United States against <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a> events. In 2018, HHS released a new National Biodefense Strategy required by passage of the 2016 Biodefense Strategy Act. The Biodefense Strategy required implementation of a biodefense strategy after a 2015 <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Study_Panel_on_Biodefense" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense">Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense</a> report found that the 2009 National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was inadequate in protecting the U.S. The strategy adopted these five central recommendations: creating a single centralized approach to biodefense; implementing an interdisciplinary approach to biodefense that brings together policy makers, scientists, health experts, and academics; drawing up a comprehensive strategy to address human, plant, and animal health; creating a defense against global and domestic biological threats; and creating a proactive policy to combat the misuse and abuse of advanced biotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-pandorareport.org_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandorareport.org-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HHS also runs the Biodefense Steering Committee, which works with other federal agencies including the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Food and Drug Administration">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS), and the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pandorareport.org_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandorareport.org-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HHS specifically oversees <a href="/wiki/Project_BioShield" class="mw-redirect" title="Project BioShield">Project BioShield</a>, established in 2003 and operating since 2004, and its development and production of genetically based bio-weapons and vaccines. HHS together with DHS are authorized under the <a href="/wiki/Homeland_Security_Act_of_2002" title="Homeland Security Act of 2002">Homeland Security Act of 2002</a> to deploy the weapons and vaccines produced by Project BioShield on the US general public under martial law during "emerging terrorist threats" or public health emergencies. Both HHS and DHS have similar authorities through state-based legislation adopted from <a href="/wiki/Model_State_Emergency_Health_Powers_Act" title="Model State Emergency Health Powers Act">Model State Emergency Health Powers Act</a> provisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms_and_controversies">Criticisms and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Criticisms and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government#Criticism_of_agencies" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of the United States government § Criticism of agencies</a></div> <p>In 2016, a published US Senate report revealed that several dozen <a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">unaccompanied children from Central America</a>, some as young as 14 years old, were released from custody to traffickers where they were sexually assaulted, starved or forced to work for little or no pay.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HHS sub agency <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a> (ORR) released approximately 90,000 unaccompanied children during 2013–2015 but did not track their whereabouts or properly screen families accepting these children.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To prevent similar episodes, the Homeland Security and Health & Human Services Departments signed a memorandum of understanding in 2016, and agreed to establish joint procedures within one year for dealing with unaccompanied migrant children. As of 2018 they have failed to do so. Between October and December 2017, officials from ORR tried to contact 7,635 children and their sponsors. From these calls, officials learned that 6,075 children remained with their sponsors. Twenty-eight had run away, five had been removed from the United States and fifty-two had relocated to live with a non sponsor. However, officials have lost track of 1,475 children.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ORR claims it is not legally liable for the safety and status of the children once released from custody.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>HHS is evidenced to be actively coercing and forcing bio-substances such as <a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">antipsychotics</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on migrating children without consent, and under questionable medical supervision. Medical professionals state that wrongly prescribed antipsychotics are especially dangerous for children, and can cause permanent psychological damage.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medical professionals also state DHS and HHS incarceration and separation policies are likewise causing irreparable mental harm to the children.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Children are also dying in HHS custody.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forced drugging, deaths, and disappearances of migrating Mexican and Central American children might be related to DHS falsely labeling them and their families as 'terror threats' before HHS manages their incarcerations. Despite a federal court order,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the DHS separation practices started by Obama<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mandated by the Trump administration's "zero-tolerance" policy<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have not been halted, and HHS has not stopped forcing drugs on the children it incarcerates. </p><p>In August 2022, the Office of the Inspector General for Health and Human Services reported that NIH had failed in its oversight of clinical trials, with slightly over half of sample trial results either being tardy for publication or remaining unpublished on ClinicalTrials.gov after several years from the stated completion dates.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freedom_of_Information_Act_processing_performance">Freedom of Information Act processing performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Freedom of Information Act processing performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the latest <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Effective_Government" title="Center for Effective Government">Center for Effective Government</a> analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) requests published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the DHHS ranked second to last, earning an F by scoring 57 out of a possible 100 points, largely due to a low score on its particular disclosure rules. It had deteriorated from a D− in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_legislation">Related legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Related legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Special:EditPage/United States Department of Health and Human Services">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hospital_Survey_and_Construction_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital Survey and Construction Act">Hospital Survey and Construction Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hill-Burton_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill-Burton Act">Hill-Burton Act</a>) PL 79-725</li> <li>1949: Hospital Construction Act PL 81-380</li> <li>1950: Public Health Services Act Amendments PL 81-692</li> <li>1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act PL 84-377</li> <li>1956: Health Research Facilities Act PL 84-835</li> <li>1960: Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Mill aid) PL 86-778</li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Community_Health_Services_and_Facilities_Act" title="Community Health Services and Facilities Act">Community Health Services and Facilities Act</a> PL 87-395</li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Service_Act" title="Public Health Service Act">Public Health Service Act</a> PL 87-838</li> <li>1962: Vaccination Assistance PL 87-868</li> <li>1963: Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act/Community Mental Health Centers Act PL 88-164</li> <li>1964: Nurse Training Act PL 88-581</li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Community_Health_Services_and_Facilities_Act" title="Community Health Services and Facilities Act">Community Health Services and Facilities Act</a> PL 89-109</li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare section of the Social Security Act</a> PL 89-97</li> <li>1965: Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105</li> <li>1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239</li> <li>1966: Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749</li> <li>1970: Community Mental Health Service Act PL 91-211</li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Family_Planning_Services_and_Population_Research_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Planning Services and Population Research Act">Family Planning Services and Population Research Act</a> PL 91-572</li> <li>1970: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695</li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/National_Cancer_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cancer Act">National Cancer Act</a> PL 92-218</li> <li>1974: Research on Aging Act PL 93-296</li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Planning_and_Resources_Development_Act" title="National Health Planning and Resources Development Act">National Health Planning and Resources Development Act</a> PL 93-641</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_Organization_Act" title="Department of Education Organization Act">Department of Education Organization Act</a> (removed education functions) PL 96-88</li> <li>1987: Department of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Medicare_Catastrophic_Coverage_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act">Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act</a> PL 100-360</li> <li>1989: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> PL 104-191</li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Child_Abuse_Reform_and_Enforcement_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act">Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act</a> PL 106-177</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> PL 111-148</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Cures_Act" title="21st Century Cures Act">21st Century Cures Act</a> PL 114-255</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> PL 116-123</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act" title="Families First Coronavirus Response Act">Families First Coronavirus Response Act</a> PL 116-127</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Aid,_Relief,_and_Economic_Security_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act">Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</a> PL 116-136</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act" title="Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act">Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act</a> PL 116-139</li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> PL 116-260</li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Rescue Plan Act">American Rescue Plan Act</a> PL 117-2</li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> PL 117-103</li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a> PL 117-169</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_People_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthy People 2010">Healthy People 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_experimentation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Human experimentation in the United States">Human experimentation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stark_Law" title="Stark Law">Stark Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supporting_Healthy_Marriage_Project" title="Supporting Healthy Marriage Project">Supporting Healthy Marriage Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_EHR_Certification_Program" title="Temporary EHR Certification Program">Temporary EHR Certification Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Steiger" title="William R. Steiger">William R. Steiger</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2022/index.html">"HHS FY 2022 Budget in Brief"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Building">Hubert H. Humphrey Building</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palm" title="Andrea Palm">Andrea Palm</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services">Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretariat staff offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services</li> <li>Office of the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General,_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">Office of Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_National_Coordinator_for_Health_Information_Technology" title="Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology">Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/150px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/225px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg/300px-US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="406" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">Public Health Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Health" title="Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Office of the Surgeon General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality" title="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Injury_Prevention_and_Control" title="National Center for Injury Prevention and Control">National Center for Injury Prevention and Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Resources_and_Services_Administration" title="Health Resources and Services Administration">Health Resources and Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Health_Service" title="Indian Health Service">Indian Health Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration" title="Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Behavioral_Health_Statistics_and_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality">Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human services agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Children_and_Families" title="Administration for Children and Families">Administration for Children and Families</a> (<a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Native_Americans" title="Administration for Native Americans">Administration for Native Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_for_Community_Living" title="Administration for Community Living">Administration for Community Living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_on_Aging" title="Administration on Aging">Administration on Aging</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services" title="Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_Welfare_Information_Gateway" title="Child Welfare Information Gateway">Child Welfare Information Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Toxicology_Program" title="National Toxicology Program">National Toxicology Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_executive_departments_of_the_United_States_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="Template talk:United States federal executive departments"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Commerce">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Commerce and Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">Health, Education, and Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Template talk:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dwight D. Eisenhower"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dwight_D._Eisenhower" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">34th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1953–1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a> (1951–1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the Army</a> (1945–1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Expeditionary_Force#Commander_and_senior_staff" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force">Commander, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force</a> (1943–1945)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military<br />career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Military career of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Motor_Transport_Corps_convoy" title="1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy">1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Maneuvers" title="Louisiana Maneuvers">Louisiana Maneuvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Operation Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Theater_of_Operations_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="European Theater of Operations United States Army">European Theater of Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6,_1944,_order_of_the_day" title="June 6, 1944, order of the day">June 6, 1944, order of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Western_Europe_speech" title="People of Western Europe speech">People of Western Europe speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Veritable" title="Operation Veritable">Operation Veritable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Declaration_(1945)" title="Berlin Declaration (1945)">Berlin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmed_Enemy_Forces" title="Disarmed Enemy Forces">Disarmed Enemy Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Advisory_Commission" title="European Advisory Commission">European Advisory Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Commander of NATO, 1951-1952</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency" title="Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidential transition of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1953 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower">1957 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1953_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="February 1953 State of the Union Address">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1954 State of the Union Address">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1955 State of the Union Address">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1956 State of the Union Address">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1957 State of the Union Address">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1958 State of the Union Address">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1959 State of the Union Address">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1960 State of the Union Address">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12,_1961_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="January 12, 1961 State of the Union Address">1961</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Administration_and_Cabinet" title="Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="List of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower%27s_farewell_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower's farewell address">Farewell address</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidential transition of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy transition</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Executive_Orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Executive Orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Dwight_David_Eisenhower/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Dwight David Eisenhower/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">Foreign policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> <ul><li>1953; <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chance_for_Peace_speech" title="Chance for Peace speech">"Chance for Peace" speech</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1953%E2%80%931962)" title="Cold War (1953–1962)">Cold War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War#Crisis_and_escalation_(1953–62)" title="Cold War">Khrushchev, Eisenhower and De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Look_(policy)" title="New Look (policy)">New Look policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">1955 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace" title="Atoms for Peace">Atoms for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Data" title="Restricted Data">Restricted Data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURATOM_Cooperation_Act_of_1958" title="EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958">EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_40" title="Operation 40">Operation 40</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_10479" title="Executive Order 10479">Executive Order 10479</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Continental_Shelf" title="Outer Continental Shelf">Outer Continental Shelf Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_Relief_Act" title="Refugee Relief Act">Refugee Relief Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_Lands_Act" title="Submerged Lands Act">Submerged Lands Act</a> (1953)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Milk_Program" title="Special Milk Program">Special Milk Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Tax_Reduction_Act_of_1954" title="Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954">Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watershed_Protection_and_Flood_Prevention_Act_of_1954" title="Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954">Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Watershed_Program" title="Small Watershed Program">Small Watershed Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pollution_Control_Act_of_1955" title="Air Pollution Control Act of 1955">Air Pollution Control Act of 1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Act" title="Soil Bank Act">Soil Bank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Bank_Program" title="Soil Bank Program">Soil Bank Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Voting_Assistance_Program" title="Federal Voting Assistance Program">Federal Voting Assistance Program</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Holding_Company_Act" title="Bank Holding Company Act">Bank Holding Company Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal-Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" title="Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956">Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_Wildlife_Act" title="Fish and Wildlife Act">Fish and Wildlife Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_to_People_Student_Ambassador_Program" title="People to People Student Ambassador Program">People to People Student Ambassador Program</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Fitness,_Sports_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition">President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_on_Civil_Rights" title="United States Commission on Civil Rights">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine intervention</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price%E2%80%93Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act" title="Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act">Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Slaughter_Act" title="Humane Slaughter Act">Humane Slaughter Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Education_Act" title="National Defense Education Act">National Defense Education Act</a> <ul><li>1958; <a href="/wiki/Federal_Perkins_Loan" title="Federal Perkins Loan">Federal Perkins Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Admission_Act" title="Hawaii Admission Act">Hawaii Admission Act</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-Use_Sustained-Yield_Act_of_1960" title="Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960">Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikes_Act" title="Sikes Act">Sikes Act</a> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1948)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower_movement" title="Draft Eisenhower movement">Draft Eisenhower movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party presidential primaries (1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">United States Presidential election (1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Bibliography of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Birthplace_State_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower Birthplace State Historic Site">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Presidential_Library,_Museum_and_Boyhood_Home" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home">Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, gravesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Home" title="Eisenhower Home">Boyhood home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_National_Historic_Site" title="Eisenhower National Historic Site">Eisenhower National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_National_Airport" title="Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport">Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Fellowships" title="Eisenhower Fellowships">Eisenhower Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Institute">Eisenhower Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Monument" title="Eisenhower Monument">Eisenhower Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Centennial_silver_dollar" title="Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar">Eisenhower Centennial silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Army_Medical_Center" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center">Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Trophy" title="Eisenhower Trophy">Eisenhower Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Golf_Club" title="Eisenhower Golf Club">Eisenhower Golf Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts#Eisenhower_Theater" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Eisenhower Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_(U.S._Capitol)" title="Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)">Statue of Dwight D. Eisenhower (U.S. Capitol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Eisenhower" title="Fort Eisenhower">Fort Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eisenhower" title="Mount Eisenhower">Mount Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named for Dwight D. Eisenhower">Places named for Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower#Tributes_and_memorials" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Other tributes and memorials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_jacket" title="Eisenhower jacket">Eisenhower jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Tree" title="Eisenhower Tree">Eisenhower Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_in_Europe#TV_series" title="Crusade in Europe"><i>Crusade in Europe</i> (1949 television series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstairs_at_the_White_House" title="Backstairs at the White House"><i>Backstairs at the White House</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_(miniseries)" title="Ike (miniseries)"><i>Ike</i> (1979 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike:_Countdown_to_D-Day" title="Ike: Countdown to D-Day"><i>Ike: Countdown to D-Day</i> (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_(play)" title="Pressure (play)"><i>Pressure</i> (2014 play)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower"> Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud Eisenhower</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">John Eisenhower</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Eisenhower" title="David Eisenhower">David Eisenhower</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eisenhower" title="Anne Eisenhower">Anne Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eisenhower" title="Susan Eisenhower">Susan Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jean_Eisenhower" title="Mary Jean Eisenhower">Mary Jean Eisenhower</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Eisenhower" title="Jennie Eisenhower">Jennie Eisenhower</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Stover_Eisenhower" title="Ida Stover Eisenhower">Ida Stover Eisenhower</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Eisenhower">Arthur Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_N._Eisenhower" title="Edgar N. Eisenhower">Edgar N. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Eisenhower">Roy Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_D._Eisenhower" title="Earl D. Eisenhower">Earl D. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Eisenhower" title="Milton S. Eisenhower">Milton S. Eisenhower</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_baseball_controversy" title="Eisenhower baseball controversy">Eisenhower baseball controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_I_don%27t_care_what_it_is" title="And I don't care what it is">And I don't care what it is</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atoms_for_Peace_Award" title="Atoms for Peace Award">Atoms for Peace Award</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Outer_Space" title="Introduction to Outer Space">Introduction to Outer Space</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Slovik" title="Eddie Slovik">Eddie Slovik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Summersby" title="Kay Summersby">Kay Summersby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">← Harry S. Truman</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Category:Dwight D. Eisenhower">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jimmy_Carter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jimmy_Carter" title="Template talk:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy_Carter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jimmy Carter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jimmy_Carter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">39th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1977–1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">76th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> (1971–1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Georgia State Senator</a> (1963–1967)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidential transition of Jimmy Carter">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Inauguration of Jimmy Carter">Inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1977)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1977)">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1978)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1978)">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1979)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1979)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency_(1980%E2%80%931981)#January_1981" title="Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency (1980–1981)">January 1981</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Political positions of Jimmy Carter">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Jimmy Carter judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of executive actions by Jimmy Carter">Executive Actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12036" title="Executive Order 12036">Executive Order 12036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12086" title="Executive Order 12086">Executive Order 12086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12148" title="Executive Order 12148">Executive Order 12148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12170" title="Executive Order 12170">Executive Order 12170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_12172" title="Executive Order 12172">Executive Order 12172</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_bonds" title="Carter bonds">Carter bonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_rabbit_incident" title="Jimmy Carter rabbit incident">Rabbit incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties" title="Torrijos–Carter Treaties">Torrijos–Carter Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw" title="Operation Eagle Claw">Operation Eagle Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Caper" title="Canadian Caper">Canadian Caper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter%27s_engagement_with_Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini">Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Communiqu%C3%A9_on_the_Establishment_of_Diplomatic_Relations" title="Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations">Diplomatic relations with China</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goldwater_v._Carter" title="Goldwater v. Carter">Goldwater v. Carter</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Reform_Act_of_1978" title="Civil Service Reform Act of 1978">Civil Service Reform Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Executive_Service_(United_States)" title="Senior Executive Service (United States)">Senior Executive Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of international presidential trips made by Jimmy Carter">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Jimmy Carter administration">Cannabis policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act" title="Airline Deregulation Act">Airline Deregulation Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depository_Institutions_Deregulation_and_Monetary_Control_Act" title="Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act">Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Reform_Act_of_1977" title="Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977">Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Fund_Transfer_Act" title="Electronic Fund Transfer Act">Electronic Fund Transfer Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Debt_Collection_Practices_Act" title="Fair Debt Collection Practices Act">Fair Debt Collection Practices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Institutions_Regulatory_and_Interest_Rate_Control_Act_of_1978" title="Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978">Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Financial_Privacy_Act" title="Right to Financial Privacy Act">Right to Financial Privacy Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Mining_Control_and_Reclamation_Act_of_1977" title="Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977">Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_at_the_White_House" title="Solar power at the White House">Solar power at the White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident">Three Mile Island accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan">Presidential transition of Ronald Reagan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/100px-Carter_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/150px-Carter_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carter_cropped.jpg/200px-Carter_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="1490" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Equivalent_of_War_speech" title="Moral Equivalent of War speech">Moral Equivalent of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Stability_(speech)" title="Island of Stability (speech)">Island of Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Crisis_of_Confidence_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="A Crisis of Confidence speech">A Crisis of Confidence</a></li> <li>State of the Union Addresses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1978 State of the Union Address">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1979 State of the Union Address">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1980 State of the Union Address">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1981 State of the Union Address">1981</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Electoral history of Jimmy Carter">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Georgia gubernatorial elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1966_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Georgia gubernatorial election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Georgia gubernatorial election">1970</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic Party presidential primaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Democratic National Conventions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980</a></li></ul></li> <li>Presidential elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter">Post-presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Center" title="Carter Center">Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum" title="Jimmy Carter Library and Museum">Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity" title="Habitat for Humanity">Habitat for Humanity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_%26_Rosalynn_Carter_Work_Project" title="Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project">Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elders_(organization)" title="The Elders (organization)">The Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_and_Rosalynn_Carter_House" title="Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House">Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Agreement,_1999" title="Nairobi Agreement, 1999">Nairobi Agreement, 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Appeal" title="One America Appeal">One America Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Bibliography of Jimmy Carter">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Everything_to_Gain:_Making_the_Most_of_the_Rest_of_Your_Life" title="Everything to Gain: Making the Most of the Rest of Your Life">Everything to Gain</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hornet%27s_Nest_(novel)" title="The Hornet's Nest (novel)">The Hornet's Nest</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</a></i> (2006) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Commentary on Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">reaction and commentary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_White_House" title="Beyond the White House">Beyond the White House</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Can_Have_Peace_in_the_Holy_Land" title="We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land">We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_Diary" title="White House Diary">White House Diary</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Call_to_Action:_Women,_Religion,_Violence,_and_Power" title="A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power">A Call to Action</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life" title="A Full Life">A Full Life</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Jimmy_Carter" title="List of awards and honors received by Jimmy Carter">Awards<br />and honors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Liberty_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Liberty Medal">Philadelphia Liberty Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Medal" title="Hoover Medal">Hoover Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Award" title="Christopher Award">Christopher Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter%E2%80%93Menil_Human_Rights_Prize" title="Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize">Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_Peanut_Statue" title="Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue">Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jimmy_Carter" title="USS Jimmy Carter">USS <i>Jimmy Carter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_National_Historical_Park" title="Jimmy Carter National Historical Park">Jimmy Carter National Historical Park</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Statue of Jimmy Carter">Georgia State Capitol statue</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Residences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_G._Carter_Nursing_Center" title="Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_and_Rosalynn_Carter_House" title="Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House">Home</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince_(nanny)" title="Mary Prince (nanny)">Mary Prince</a> (nanny)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_UFO_incident" title="Jimmy Carter UFO incident">UFO incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_(film)" title="Jimmy Carter (film)">Jimmy Carter</a></i> (2002 television documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_from_Plains" title="Man from Plains">Man from Plains</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Carter_(politician)" title="Jack Carter (politician)">Jack Carter</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Carter" title="Amy Carter">Amy Carter</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Carter_(politician)" title="Jason Carter (politician)">Jason Carter</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Carter_Sr." title="James Earl Carter Sr.">James Earl Carter Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Carter_Spann" title="Gloria Carter Spann">Gloria Carter Spann</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Carter_Stapleton" title="Ruth Carter Stapleton">Ruth Carter Stapleton</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Carter" title="Billy Carter">Billy Carter</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dolvin" title="Emily Dolvin">Emily Dolvin</a> (aunt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carter" title="Hugh Carter">Hugh Carter</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">← Gerald Ford</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jimmy_Carter" title="Category:Jimmy Carter">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Health_Departments_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Health_departments_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Health departments in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Health_departments_in_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Health departments in the United States (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Health_departments_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Health departments in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Health_Departments_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Health_Departments_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Departments in the United States">Health Departments in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Alabama Department of Public Health">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Health_and_Social_Services" title="Alaska Department of Health and Social Services">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Department_of_Health_Services" title="Arizona Department of Health Services">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Department_of_Health" title="Arkansas Department of Health">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Public_Health" title="California Department of Public Health">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Department_of_Public_Health_and_Environment" title="Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_Department_of_Public_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Connecticut Department of Public Health (page does not exist)">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delaware_Division_of_Public_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delaware Division of Public Health (page does not exist)">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Health" title="Florida Department of Health">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Georgia Department of Public Health">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Department_of_Health" title="Hawaii Department of Health">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Department_of_Health_and_Welfare" title="Idaho Department of Health and Welfare">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Illinois Department of Public Health">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiana_State_Department_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiana State Department of Health (page does not exist)">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Iowa Department of Public Health">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Department_of_Health_and_Environment" title="Kansas Department of Health and Environment">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kentucky_Cabinet_for_Health_and_Family_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services (page does not exist)">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Department_of_Health" title="Louisiana Department of Health">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maine_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (page does not exist)">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health" title="Maryland Department of Health">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Health">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Michigan Department of Health and Human Services">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Health" title="Minnesota Department of Health">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_State_Department_of_Health" title="Mississippi State Department of Health">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Health_and_Senior_Services" title="Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montana_Department_of_Public_Health_and_Human_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (page does not exist)">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevada_Division_of_Public_and_Behavioral_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health (page does not exist)">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Department_of_Health" title="New Jersey Department of Health">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Department_of_Health" title="New Mexico Department of Health">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Health" title="New York State Department of Health">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Dakota_Department_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Dakota Department of Health (page does not exist)">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Health" title="Ohio Department of Health">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Department_of_Health" title="Oklahoma State Department of Health">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_Authority" title="Oregon Health Authority">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Department_of_Health" title="Pennsylvania Department of Health">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Department_of_Health" title="Rhode Island Department of Health">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Department_of_Health_and_Environmental_Control" title="South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Dakota_Department_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Dakota Department of Health (page does not exist)">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Department_of_Health" title="Tennessee Department of Health">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_State_Health_Services" title="Texas Department of State Health Services">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Department_of_Health" title="Utah Department of Health">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Department_of_Health" title="Vermont Department of Health">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Department_of_Health" title="Virginia Department of Health">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Department_of_Health" title="Washington State Department of Health">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Resources" title="West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Department_of_Health_Services" title="Wisconsin Department of Health Services">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Department_of_Health" title="Wyoming Department of Health">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal 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Services">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands_Commonwealth_Healthcare_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico_Department_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Department of Health (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Virgin_Islands_Department_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freely_Associated_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Freely Associated States">Freely Associated States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia_National_Government_Department_of_Health_and_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia National Government Department of Health and Social Affairs (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_the_Marshall_Islands_Ministry_of_Public_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of the Marshall Islands Ministry of Public Health (page does not exist)">Republic of the Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Palau_Ministry_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of Palau Ministry of Health (page does not exist)">Republic of Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942326#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/127198-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States. Department of Health and Human Services"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80102594">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872724j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872724j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36081798">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. Department of Health and Human Services"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20020125618&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2123612">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000108168&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000241849&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202015958">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp3587g938h2qsk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269265705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058509122906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00409717?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1050517">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026488248">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61s151z">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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