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Reproduction and Fertilization</span></div><div class="d-inline-block col-md-11 p-0"><h1 class="entry-title">Human Reproduction and Fertilization</h1></div><div class="float-md-right position-sm-absolute pt-md-4"><g:sharetoclassroom size=32 url="https://www.biologyonline.com/tutorials/human-reproduction-and-fertilization"></g:sharetoclassroom></div><div class=st-container> <img fetchpriority=high width=640 height=394 src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20640%20394'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src=https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization-768x473.jpg class="st-img wp-post-image lazy" alt="A sperm cell fertilizing an ovum" decoding=async data-srcset="https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization-768x473.jpg 768w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization-273x168.jpg 273w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization-936x576.jpg 936w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization-1536x946.jpg 1536w, https://www.biologyonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Human-Reproduction-and-Fertilization.jpg 1980w" data-sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px"><p>A sperm cell fertilizing an ovum</p></div><div id=ez-toc-container class="ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction"><p class=ez-toc-title>Table of Contents</p> <label for=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-675a673392941 class=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label><span class><span class=eztoc-hide style=display:none;>Toggle</span><span class=ez-toc-icon-toggle-span><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg class=list-377408 width=20px height=20px viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill=none><path d="M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z" fill=currentColor></path></svg><svg style="fill: #999;color:#999" class=arrow-unsorted-368013 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg width=10px height=10px viewBox="0 0 24 24" version=1.2 baseProfile=tiny><path d="M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z"/></svg></span></span></label><input type=checkbox id=ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-675a673392941 checked aria-label=Toggle><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1" href=#Gametes title=Gametes>Gametes</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2" href=#Fertilization title=Fertilization>Fertilization</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3" href=#The_Zygote title="The Zygote">The Zygote</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4" href=#References title=References>References</a></li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5" href=#Quiz title=Quiz>Quiz</a><ul class=ez-toc-list-level-3 ><li class=ez-toc-heading-level-3><a class="ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6" href=#Send_Your_Results_Optional title="Send Your Results (Optional)">Send Your Results (Optional)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><p>For the human species to continue surviving, it is essential that mature adults are capable of producing fertile offspring in order to ensure the perpetuity of the species and pass on the genetic information from generation to generation.</p><div class='code-block code-block-8 code-block-block-8' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'> <script language=javascript src="https://live.primis.tech/live/liveView.php?s=106005&cbuster=%%CACHEBUSTER%%"></script> </div><p>This is done via <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/reproduction/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>reproduction</a>. The following is a step by step basis of how reproduction occurs from beginning to end.</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Gametes></span>Gametes<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>Before the initial cell can develop into a mature adult, the building blocks to create that cell must be available before fertilization can occur. Cells called <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/gamete/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>gametes</a> are produced by mature adults via <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/meiosis/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>meiosis</a>. Each gamete contains half the genetic information needed to produce the final cell capable of growth.</p><ul> <li>Human males produce <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/sperm-cell/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>sperm</a>, a gamete produced in the testes</li> <li>Human females produce <a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/ovum/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>ovum</a>, a gamete produced in the ovarian follicles</li></ul><p>For a short period every month, the female gamete is readily available to be fertilized by sperm, to form a <em>zygote</em>.</p><div class='ai-viewports ai-viewport-1 ai-insert-41-32331209' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;' data-insertion-position=prepend data-selector=.ai-insert-41-32331209 data-insertion-no-dbg data-code=PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0nY29kZS1ibG9jayBjb2RlLWJsb2NrLTQxIGNvZGUtYmxvY2stYmxvY2stNDEnIHN0eWxlPSdtYXJnaW46IDhweCAwOyBjbGVhcjogYm90aDsnPgo8IS0tIGFmdGVyIGV2ZXJ5IDQgcGFyYWdyYXBoIGRlc2t0b3AgcG9zdC0tPgo8ZGl2IGlkPSdtaWQ2MycgY2xhc3M9J2FkeWIgc2hvdy1hZC1sYWJlbCBteC1tZC1uMycgZGF0YS1hZC1tYXBwaW5nPSdtaWQnIGRhdGEtYWQtc2xvdD0nQk9fYXJ0aWNsZScgZGF0YS1hZC10YXJnZXRpbmdwb3M9ICdtaWQnID48L2Rpdj48L2Rpdj4K data-block=41></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Fertilization></span>Fertilization<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>Both gametes contain half the genetic information needed to produce the offspring. At fertilization, they fuse together, meaning all the genetic information required for the offspring to grow is present. For this to occur, sexual intercourse must occur in order for the semen (sperm) to be ejaculated and have the potential to fuse with the ovum.</p><p>Millions of sperm are released at the point of ejaculation, and when ejected, they ‘swim’ towards the female egg with their thread-like tail. This race towards the egg is fuelled by a <em>tank</em> of ATP that provides the energy for their effort.</p><p>After a long journey, many of the sperm will have died out in their effort to reach the egg. Some still have the potential to fertilize it. Each will attach itself to the ovum but only one would succeed in penetrating it. Enzymes contained in the acrosome (head) of the sperm break down the wall of the egg. When fertilized, the egg secretes various hormones to prevent it from being overwhelmed by the other millions of sperm attempting to fertilize it.</p><p><strong>Read: Maintaining Transgender Fertility Post Treatment – BioTechniques</strong>. (2019, August 22). BioTechniques. https://www.biotechniques.com/general-interest/transgender-fertility-producing-viable-sperm-after-stopping-gender-affirming-medications/</p><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=The_Zygote></span>The Zygote<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p>Within hours of conception the fused gametes, a zygote, undergoes cell division. The presence of a hormone called progesterone prevents further female eggs being produced. Within the first week after conception, the fertilized egg travels towards the uterus, where the continued growth of the zygote will occur in the form of an embryo.</p><p>The continuation of the growing embryo is elaborated upon in the next <strong><a href=https://www.biologyonline.com/tutorials/growth-and-development-of-a-human-baby/ data-wpel-link=internal rel=follow>tutorial</a>.</strong></p><p> </p><div style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2;"><iframe src=https://www.youtube.com/embed/_5OvgQW6FG4 width=560 height=315 frameborder=0 allowfullscreen=allowfullscreen></iframe></div><div style="vertical-align: top; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2;">Credit: <a href=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC85VW73bQLEjs_taFKP7TwQ data-wpel-link=external target=_blank rel="nofollow external noopener noreferrer">Nucleus Medical Media</a></div><p> </p><div class='ai-viewports ai-viewport-1 ai-insert-41-49152401' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;' data-insertion-position=prepend data-selector=.ai-insert-41-49152401 data-insertion-no-dbg data-code=PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0nY29kZS1ibG9jayBjb2RlLWJsb2NrLTQxIGNvZGUtYmxvY2stYmxvY2stNDEnIHN0eWxlPSdtYXJnaW46IDhweCAwOyBjbGVhcjogYm90aDsnPgo8IS0tIGFmdGVyIGV2ZXJ5IDQgcGFyYWdyYXBoIGRlc2t0b3AgcG9zdC0tPgo8ZGl2IGlkPSdtaWQ2NCcgY2xhc3M9J2FkeWIgc2hvdy1hZC1sYWJlbCBteC1tZC1uMycgZGF0YS1hZC1tYXBwaW5nPSdtaWQnIGRhdGEtYWQtc2xvdD0nQk9fYXJ0aWNsZScgZGF0YS1hZC10YXJnZXRpbmdwb3M9ICdtaWQnID48L2Rpdj48L2Rpdj4K data-block=41></div><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=References></span>References<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><ol> <li><i>Fertilization – Embryology</i>. (2020). Unsw.Edu.Au. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization</li> <li><i>Fertilization</i>. (2020). Colostate.Edu. http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/reprod/fert/fert.html</li> <li>Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2018). <i>Fertilization</i>. Nih.Gov; Garland Science. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26843/‌</li></ol> <script>if(window.qmn_quiz_data===undefined){window.qmn_quiz_data=new Object();}</script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data["102"]={"quiz_id":"102","quiz_name":"Human Reproduction and Fertilization - Quiz","disable_answer":"0","ajax_show_correct":"0","progress_bar":"1","contact_info_location":"1","qpages":{"1":{"id":"1","quizID":"102","pagekey":"5fa8e3136dc0b","hide_prevbtn":"0"}},"skip_validation_time_expire":"1","timer_limit_val":0,"disable_scroll_next_previous_click":"0","disable_first_page":0,"enable_result_after_timer_end":"0","enable_quick_result_mc":"0","end_quiz_if_wrong":0,"form_disable_autofill":0,"disable_mathjax":0,"enable_quick_correct_answer_info":0,"quick_result_correct_answer_text":"Correct! You have selected correct answer.","quick_result_wrong_answer_text":"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.","quiz_processing_message":"","quiz_limit_choice":"Limit of choice is reached.","not_allow_after_expired_time":0,"scheduled_time_end":false,"error_messages":{"email_error_text":"Not a valid e-mail address!","number_error_text":"This field must be a number!","incorrect_error_text":"The entered text is not correct!","empty_error_text":"Please complete all required fields!","url_error_text":"The entered URL is not valid!","minlength_error_text":"Required atleast %minlength% characters.","maxlength_error_text":"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.","recaptcha_error_text":"ReCaptcha is missing"},"first_page":false}</script><style id=qmn_quiz_template-css>.qsm-pagination{border:none !important}</style><div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-102 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz quiz_theme_default '><form name=quizForm102 id=quizForm102 action=/tutorials/human-reproduction-and-fertilization method=POST class="qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form" novalidate enctype=multipart/form-data> <input type=hidden name=qsm_hidden_questions id=qsm_hidden_questions value> <input type=hidden name=qsm_nonce id=qsm_nonce_102 value=75bbe0fe15> <input type=hidden name=qsm_unique_key id=qsm_unique_key_102 value=675a67336a152><div id=mlw_error_message class="qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section"></div> <span id=mlw_top_of_quiz></span><section class="qsm-page "><div class="quiz_section quiz_begin"><div class='qsm-before-message mlw_qmn_message_before'><h2><span class=ez-toc-section id=Quiz></span>Quiz<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h2><p><strong>Choose the correct answer.</strong></p></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-517 " data-qid=517><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>1. The following is true about reproduction except for:</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question517-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question517 id=question517_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question517_1> Reproduction is the means by which an organism may pass on the genetic information to its offspring. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question517-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question517 id=question517_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question517_2> Gametes are sex cells involved in sexual reproduction. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question517-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question517 id=question517_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question517_3> Meiosis is a step in gamete formation. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question517-4 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question517 id=question517_4 value=3> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question517_4> Humans naturally perpetuate themselves through cloning. </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question517 id=question517_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-518 " data-qid=518><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>2. In humans, the cells produced from meiosis and grow to maturity are</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question518-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question518 id=question518_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question518_1> diploid somatic cells </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question518-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question518 id=question518_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question518_2> haploid somatic cells </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question518-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question518 id=question518_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question518_3> diploid gametes </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question518-4 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question518 id=question518_4 value=3> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question518_4> haploid gametes </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question518 id=question518_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-519 " data-qid=519><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>3. Males produce sperm cells in the ____________.</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question519-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question519 id=question519_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question519_1> ovarian follicles </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question519-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question519 id=question519_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question519_2> fallopian tube </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question519-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question519 id=question519_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question519_3> ovaries </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question519-4 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question519 id=question519_4 value=3> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question519_4> testes </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question519 id=question519_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-520 " data-qid=520><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>4. Which of the following is true about human fertilization?</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question520-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question520 id=question520_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question520_1> Sperm cell and egg cell unite to produce haploid zygote. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question520-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question520 id=question520_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question520_2> After fertilization, the fusion of the gametes in the testes produce a zygote. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question520-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question520 id=question520_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question520_3> When fertilized, the egg will allow more sperm cells to fuse with it. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question520-4 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question520 id=question520_4 value=3> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question520_4> Only one sperm cell will be able to fertilize the egg. </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question520 id=question520_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class="quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-521 " data-qid=521><div class=mlw_qmn_new_question>5. Which of the following is NOT correct?</div><div class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_remove_bold' ><p></p></div><div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question521-1 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question521 id=question521_1 value=0> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question521_1> After forming, the zygote undergoes cell division through meiosis. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question521-2 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question521 id=question521_2 value=1> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question521_2> Within the first week after conception, the fertilized egg travels towards the uterus. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question521-3 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question521 id=question521_3 value=2> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question521_3> The zygote is diploid as a result of the fusion of the male and female gametes. </label></div><div class="qmn_mc_answer_wrap mrq_checkbox_class" id="question521-4 "> <input type=radio class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input' name=question521 id=question521_4 value=3> <label class=qsm-input-label for=question521_4> The zygote develops into an embryo. </label></div> <input type=radio style="display: none;" name=question521 id=question521_none checked=checked value></div></div><div class=quiz_section><div class='qsm-after-message mlw_qmn_message_end'><h3><span class=ez-toc-section id=Send_Your_Results_Optional></span>Send Your Results (Optional)<span class=ez-toc-section-end></span></h3></div><div class="qsm_contact_div qsm-contact-type-text"> <span class='mlw_qmn_question qsm_question'>Your Name</span> <input type=text class name=contact_field_0 id=contact_field_0 value placeholder='Your Name'></div><div class="qsm_contact_div 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2|CINK SLIM|CINK SLIM 2|CINK +|CINK KING|CINK PEAX|CINK SLIM|SUBLIM",iMobile:"i-mobile (IQ|i-STYLE|idea|ZAA|Hitz)",SimValley:"\\b(SP-80|XT-930|SX-340|XT-930|SX-310|SP-360|SP60|SPT-800|SP-120|SPT-800|SP-140|SPX-5|SPX-8|SP-100|SPX-8|SPX-12)\\b",Wolfgang:"AT-B24D|AT-AS50HD|AT-AS40W|AT-AS55HD|AT-AS45q2|AT-B26D|AT-AS50Q",Alcatel:"Alcatel",Nintendo:"Nintendo (3DS|Switch)",Amoi:"Amoi",INQ:"INQ",OnePlus:"ONEPLUS",GenericPhone:"Tapatalk|PDA;|SAGEM|\\bmmp\\b|pocket|\\bpsp\\b|symbian|Smartphone|smartfon|treo|up.browser|up.link|vodafone|\\bwap\\b|nokia|Series40|Series60|S60|SonyEricsson|N900|MAUI.*WAP.*Browser"},tablets:{iPad:"iPad|iPad.*Mobile",NexusTablet:"Android.*Nexus[\\s]+(7|9|10)",GoogleTablet:"Android.*Pixel C",SamsungTablet:"SAMSUNG.*Tablet|Galaxy.*Tab|SC-01C|GT-P1000|GT-P1003|GT-P1010|GT-P3105|GT-P6210|GT-P6800|GT-P6810|GT-P7100|GT-P7300|GT-P7310|GT-P7500|GT-P7510|SCH-I800|SCH-I815|SCH-I905|SGH-I957|SGH-I987|SGH-T849|SGH-T859|SGH-T869|SPH-P100|GT-P3100|GT-P3108|GT-P3110|GT-P5100|GT-P5110|GT-P6200|GT-P7320|GT-P7511|GT-N8000|GT-P8510|SGH-I497|SPH-P500|SGH-T779|SCH-I705|SCH-I915|GT-N8013|GT-P3113|GT-P5113|GT-P8110|GT-N8010|GT-N8005|GT-N8020|GT-P1013|GT-P6201|GT-P7501|GT-N5100|GT-N5105|GT-N5110|SHV-E140K|SHV-E140L|SHV-E140S|SHV-E150S|SHV-E230K|SHV-E230L|SHV-E230S|SHW-M180K|SHW-M180L|SHW-M180S|SHW-M180W|SHW-M300W|SHW-M305W|SHW-M380K|SHW-M380S|SHW-M380W|SHW-M430W|SHW-M480K|SHW-M480S|SHW-M480W|SHW-M485W|SHW-M486W|SHW-M500W|GT-I9228|SCH-P739|SCH-I925|GT-I9200|GT-P5200|GT-P5210|GT-P5210X|SM-T311|SM-T310|SM-T310X|SM-T210|SM-T210R|SM-T211|SM-P600|SM-P601|SM-P605|SM-P900|SM-P901|SM-T217|SM-T217A|SM-T217S|SM-P6000|SM-T3100|SGH-I467|XE500|SM-T110|GT-P5220|GT-I9200X|GT-N5110X|GT-N5120|SM-P905|SM-T111|SM-T2105|SM-T315|SM-T320|SM-T320X|SM-T321|SM-T520|SM-T525|SM-T530NU|SM-T230NU|SM-T330NU|SM-T900|XE500T1C|SM-P605V|SM-P905V|SM-T337V|SM-T537V|SM-T707V|SM-T807V|SM-P600X|SM-P900X|SM-T210X|SM-T230|SM-T230X|SM-T325|GT-P7503|SM-T531|SM-T330|SM-T530|SM-T705|SM-T705C|SM-T535|SM-T331|SM-T800|SM-T700|SM-T537|SM-T807|SM-P907A|SM-T337A|SM-T537A|SM-T707A|SM-T807A|SM-T237|SM-T807P|SM-P607T|SM-T217T|SM-T337T|SM-T807T|SM-T116NQ|SM-T116BU|SM-P550|SM-T350|SM-T550|SM-T9000|SM-P9000|SM-T705Y|SM-T805|GT-P3113|SM-T710|SM-T810|SM-T815|SM-T360|SM-T533|SM-T113|SM-T335|SM-T715|SM-T560|SM-T670|SM-T677|SM-T377|SM-T567|SM-T357T|SM-T555|SM-T561|SM-T713|SM-T719|SM-T813|SM-T819|SM-T580|SM-T355Y?|SM-T280|SM-T817A|SM-T820|SM-W700|SM-P580|SM-T587|SM-P350|SM-P555M|SM-P355M|SM-T113NU|SM-T815Y|SM-T585|SM-T285|SM-T825|SM-W708|SM-T835|SM-T830|SM-T837V|SM-T720|SM-T510|SM-T387V|SM-P610|SM-T290|SM-T515|SM-T590|SM-T595|SM-T725|SM-T817P|SM-P585N0|SM-T395|SM-T295|SM-T865|SM-P610N|SM-P615|SM-T970|SM-T380|SM-T5950|SM-T905|SM-T231|SM-T500|SM-T860",Kindle:"Kindle|Silk.*Accelerated|Android.*\\b(KFOT|KFTT|KFJWI|KFJWA|KFOTE|KFSOWI|KFTHWI|KFTHWA|KFAPWI|KFAPWA|WFJWAE|KFSAWA|KFSAWI|KFASWI|KFARWI|KFFOWI|KFGIWI|KFMEWI)\\b|Android.*Silk/[0-9.]+ like Chrome/[0-9.]+ (?!Mobile)",SurfaceTablet:"Windows NT [0-9.]+; ARM;.*(Tablet|ARMBJS)",HPTablet:"HP Slate (7|8|10)|HP ElitePad 900|hp-tablet|EliteBook.*Touch|HP 8|Slate 21|HP SlateBook 10",AsusTablet:"^.*PadFone((?!Mobile).)*$|Transformer|TF101|TF101G|TF300T|TF300TG|TF300TL|TF700T|TF700KL|TF701T|TF810C|ME171|ME301T|ME302C|ME371MG|ME370T|ME372MG|ME172V|ME173X|ME400C|Slider SL101|\\bK00F\\b|\\bK00C\\b|\\bK00E\\b|\\bK00L\\b|TX201LA|ME176C|ME102A|\\bM80TA\\b|ME372CL|ME560CG|ME372CG|ME302KL| K010 | K011 | K017 | K01E |ME572C|ME103K|ME170C|ME171C|\\bME70C\\b|ME581C|ME581CL|ME8510C|ME181C|P01Y|PO1MA|P01Z|\\bP027\\b|\\bP024\\b|\\bP00C\\b",BlackBerryTablet:"PlayBook|RIM Tablet",HTCtablet:"HTC_Flyer_P512|HTC Flyer|HTC Jetstream|HTC-P715a|HTC EVO View 4G|PG41200|PG09410",MotorolaTablet:"xoom|sholest|MZ615|MZ605|MZ505|MZ601|MZ602|MZ603|MZ604|MZ606|MZ607|MZ608|MZ609|MZ615|MZ616|MZ617",NookTablet:"Android.*Nook|NookColor|nook browser|BNRV200|BNRV200A|BNTV250|BNTV250A|BNTV400|BNTV600|LogicPD Zoom2",AcerTablet:"Android.*; \\b(A100|A101|A110|A200|A210|A211|A500|A501|A510|A511|A700|A701|W500|W500P|W501|W501P|W510|W511|W700|G100|G100W|B1-A71|B1-710|B1-711|A1-810|A1-811|A1-830)\\b|W3-810|\\bA3-A10\\b|\\bA3-A11\\b|\\bA3-A20\\b|\\bA3-A30|A3-A40",ToshibaTablet:"Android.*(AT100|AT105|AT200|AT205|AT270|AT275|AT300|AT305|AT1S5|AT500|AT570|AT700|AT830)|TOSHIBA.*FOLIO",LGTablet:"\\bL-06C|LG-V909|LG-V900|LG-V700|LG-V510|LG-V500|LG-V410|LG-V400|LG-VK810\\b",FujitsuTablet:"Android.*\\b(F-01D|F-02F|F-05E|F-10D|M532|Q572)\\b",PrestigioTablet:"PMP3170B|PMP3270B|PMP3470B|PMP7170B|PMP3370B|PMP3570C|PMP5870C|PMP3670B|PMP5570C|PMP5770D|PMP3970B|PMP3870C|PMP5580C|PMP5880D|PMP5780D|PMP5588C|PMP7280C|PMP7280C3G|PMP7280|PMP7880D|PMP5597D|PMP5597|PMP7100D|PER3464|PER3274|PER3574|PER3884|PER5274|PER5474|PMP5097CPRO|PMP5097|PMP7380D|PMP5297C|PMP5297C_QUAD|PMP812E|PMP812E3G|PMP812F|PMP810E|PMP880TD|PMT3017|PMT3037|PMT3047|PMT3057|PMT7008|PMT5887|PMT5001|PMT5002",LenovoTablet:"Lenovo TAB|Idea(Tab|Pad)( A1|A10| K1|)|ThinkPad([ ]+)?Tablet|YT3-850M|YT3-X90L|YT3-X90F|YT3-X90X|Lenovo.*(S2109|S2110|S5000|S6000|K3011|A3000|A3500|A1000|A2107|A2109|A1107|A5500|A7600|B6000|B8000|B8080)(-|)(FL|F|HV|H|)|TB-X103F|TB-X304X|TB-X304F|TB-X304L|TB-X505F|TB-X505L|TB-X505X|TB-X605F|TB-X605L|TB-8703F|TB-8703X|TB-8703N|TB-8704N|TB-8704F|TB-8704X|TB-8704V|TB-7304F|TB-7304I|TB-7304X|Tab2A7-10F|Tab2A7-20F|TB2-X30L|YT3-X50L|YT3-X50F|YT3-X50M|YT-X705F|YT-X703F|YT-X703L|YT-X705L|YT-X705X|TB2-X30F|TB2-X30L|TB2-X30M|A2107A-F|A2107A-H|TB3-730F|TB3-730M|TB3-730X|TB-7504F|TB-7504X|TB-X704F|TB-X104F|TB3-X70F|TB-X705F|TB-8504F|TB3-X70L|TB3-710F|TB-X704L",DellTablet:"Venue 11|Venue 8|Venue 7|Dell Streak 10|Dell Streak 7",YarvikTablet:"Android.*\\b(TAB210|TAB211|TAB224|TAB250|TAB260|TAB264|TAB310|TAB360|TAB364|TAB410|TAB411|TAB420|TAB424|TAB450|TAB460|TAB461|TAB464|TAB465|TAB467|TAB468|TAB07-100|TAB07-101|TAB07-150|TAB07-151|TAB07-152|TAB07-200|TAB07-201-3G|TAB07-210|TAB07-211|TAB07-212|TAB07-214|TAB07-220|TAB07-400|TAB07-485|TAB08-150|TAB08-200|TAB08-201-3G|TAB08-201-30|TAB09-100|TAB09-211|TAB09-410|TAB10-150|TAB10-201|TAB10-211|TAB10-400|TAB10-410|TAB13-201|TAB274EUK|TAB275EUK|TAB374EUK|TAB462EUK|TAB474EUK|TAB9-200)\\b",MedionTablet:"Android.*\\bOYO\\b|LIFE.*(P9212|P9514|P9516|S9512)|LIFETAB",ArnovaTablet:"97G4|AN10G2|AN7bG3|AN7fG3|AN8G3|AN8cG3|AN7G3|AN9G3|AN7dG3|AN7dG3ST|AN7dG3ChildPad|AN10bG3|AN10bG3DT|AN9G2",IntensoTablet:"INM8002KP|INM1010FP|INM805ND|Intenso Tab|TAB1004",IRUTablet:"M702pro",MegafonTablet:"MegaFon V9|\\bZTE V9\\b|Android.*\\bMT7A\\b",EbodaTablet:"E-Boda (Supreme|Impresspeed|Izzycomm|Essential)",AllViewTablet:"Allview.*(Viva|Alldro|City|Speed|All TV|Frenzy|Quasar|Shine|TX1|AX1|AX2)",ArchosTablet:"\\b(101G9|80G9|A101IT)\\b|Qilive 97R|Archos5|\\bARCHOS (70|79|80|90|97|101|FAMILYPAD|)(b|c|)(G10| Cobalt| TITANIUM(HD|)| Xenon| Neon|XSK| 2| XS 2| PLATINUM| CARBON|GAMEPAD)\\b",AinolTablet:"NOVO7|NOVO8|NOVO10|Novo7Aurora|Novo7Basic|NOVO7PALADIN|novo9-Spark",NokiaLumiaTablet:"Lumia 2520",SonyTablet:"Sony.*Tablet|Xperia Tablet|Sony Tablet S|SO-03E|SGPT12|SGPT13|SGPT114|SGPT121|SGPT122|SGPT123|SGPT111|SGPT112|SGPT113|SGPT131|SGPT132|SGPT133|SGPT211|SGPT212|SGPT213|SGP311|SGP312|SGP321|EBRD1101|EBRD1102|EBRD1201|SGP351|SGP341|SGP511|SGP512|SGP521|SGP541|SGP551|SGP621|SGP641|SGP612|SOT31|SGP771|SGP611|SGP612|SGP712",PhilipsTablet:"\\b(PI2010|PI3000|PI3100|PI3105|PI3110|PI3205|PI3210|PI3900|PI4010|PI7000|PI7100)\\b",CubeTablet:"Android.*(K8GT|U9GT|U10GT|U16GT|U17GT|U18GT|U19GT|U20GT|U23GT|U30GT)|CUBE U8GT",CobyTablet:"MID1042|MID1045|MID1125|MID1126|MID7012|MID7014|MID7015|MID7034|MID7035|MID7036|MID7042|MID7048|MID7127|MID8042|MID8048|MID8127|MID9042|MID9740|MID9742|MID7022|MID7010",MIDTablet:"M9701|M9000|M9100|M806|M1052|M806|T703|MID701|MID713|MID710|MID727|MID760|MID830|MID728|MID933|MID125|MID810|MID732|MID120|MID930|MID800|MID731|MID900|MID100|MID820|MID735|MID980|MID130|MID833|MID737|MID960|MID135|MID860|MID736|MID140|MID930|MID835|MID733|MID4X10",MSITablet:"MSI \\b(Primo 73K|Primo 73L|Primo 81L|Primo 77|Primo 93|Primo 75|Primo 76|Primo 73|Primo 81|Primo 91|Primo 90|Enjoy 71|Enjoy 7|Enjoy 10)\\b",SMiTTablet:"Android.*(\\bMID\\b|MID-560|MTV-T1200|MTV-PND531|MTV-P1101|MTV-PND530)",RockChipTablet:"Android.*(RK2818|RK2808A|RK2918|RK3066)|RK2738|RK2808A",FlyTablet:"IQ310|Fly Vision",bqTablet:"Android.*(bq)?.*\\b(Elcano|Curie|Edison|Maxwell|Kepler|Pascal|Tesla|Hypatia|Platon|Newton|Livingstone|Cervantes|Avant|Aquaris ([E|M]10|M8))\\b|Maxwell.*Lite|Maxwell.*Plus",HuaweiTablet:"MediaPad|MediaPad 7 Youth|IDEOS S7|S7-201c|S7-202u|S7-101|S7-103|S7-104|S7-105|S7-106|S7-201|S7-Slim|M2-A01L|BAH-L09|BAH-W09|AGS-L09|CMR-AL19",NecTablet:"\\bN-06D|\\bN-08D",PantechTablet:"Pantech.*P4100",BronchoTablet:"Broncho.*(N701|N708|N802|a710)",VersusTablet:"TOUCHPAD.*[78910]|\\bTOUCHTAB\\b",ZyncTablet:"z1000|Z99 2G|z930|z990|z909|Z919|z900",PositivoTablet:"TB07STA|TB10STA|TB07FTA|TB10FTA",NabiTablet:"Android.*\\bNabi",KoboTablet:"Kobo Touch|\\bK080\\b|\\bVox\\b Build|\\bArc\\b Build",DanewTablet:"DSlide.*\\b(700|701R|702|703R|704|802|970|971|972|973|974|1010|1012)\\b",TexetTablet:"NaviPad|TB-772A|TM-7045|TM-7055|TM-9750|TM-7016|TM-7024|TM-7026|TM-7041|TM-7043|TM-7047|TM-8041|TM-9741|TM-9747|TM-9748|TM-9751|TM-7022|TM-7021|TM-7020|TM-7011|TM-7010|TM-7023|TM-7025|TM-7037W|TM-7038W|TM-7027W|TM-9720|TM-9725|TM-9737W|TM-1020|TM-9738W|TM-9740|TM-9743W|TB-807A|TB-771A|TB-727A|TB-725A|TB-719A|TB-823A|TB-805A|TB-723A|TB-715A|TB-707A|TB-705A|TB-709A|TB-711A|TB-890HD|TB-880HD|TB-790HD|TB-780HD|TB-770HD|TB-721HD|TB-710HD|TB-434HD|TB-860HD|TB-840HD|TB-760HD|TB-750HD|TB-740HD|TB-730HD|TB-722HD|TB-720HD|TB-700HD|TB-500HD|TB-470HD|TB-431HD|TB-430HD|TB-506|TB-504|TB-446|TB-436|TB-416|TB-146SE|TB-126SE",PlaystationTablet:"Playstation.*(Portable|Vita)",TrekstorTablet:"ST10416-1|VT10416-1|ST70408-1|ST702xx-1|ST702xx-2|ST80208|ST97216|ST70104-2|VT10416-2|ST10216-2A|SurfTab",PyleAudioTablet:"\\b(PTBL10CEU|PTBL10C|PTBL72BC|PTBL72BCEU|PTBL7CEU|PTBL7C|PTBL92BC|PTBL92BCEU|PTBL9CEU|PTBL9CUK|PTBL9C)\\b",AdvanTablet:"Android.* 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Tab|\\bM6pro\\b|CT1020W|arc 10HD|\\bTP750\\b|\\bQTAQZ3\\b|WVT101|TM1088|KT107"},oss:{AndroidOS:"Android",BlackBerryOS:"blackberry|\\bBB10\\b|rim tablet os",PalmOS:"PalmOS|avantgo|blazer|elaine|hiptop|palm|plucker|xiino",SymbianOS:"Symbian|SymbOS|Series60|Series40|SYB-[0-9]+|\\bS60\\b",WindowsMobileOS:"Windows CE.*(PPC|Smartphone|Mobile|[0-9]{3}x[0-9]{3})|Windows Mobile|Windows Phone [0-9.]+|WCE;",WindowsPhoneOS:"Windows Phone 10.0|Windows Phone 8.1|Windows Phone 8.0|Windows Phone OS|XBLWP7|ZuneWP7|Windows NT 6.[23]; ARM;",iOS:"\\biPhone.*Mobile|\\biPod|\\biPad|AppleCoreMedia",iPadOS:"CPU OS 13",SailfishOS:"Sailfish",MeeGoOS:"MeeGo",MaemoOS:"Maemo",JavaOS:"J2ME/|\\bMIDP\\b|\\bCLDC\\b",webOS:"webOS|hpwOS",badaOS:"\\bBada\\b",BREWOS:"BREW"},uas:{Chrome:"\\bCrMo\\b|CriOS|Android.*Chrome/[.0-9]* (Mobile)?",Dolfin:"\\bDolfin\\b",Opera:"Opera.*Mini|Opera.*Mobi|Android.*Opera|Mobile.*OPR/[0-9.]+$|Coast/[0-9.]+",Skyfire:"Skyfire",Edge:"\\bEdgiOS\\b|Mobile Safari/[.0-9]* Edge",IE:"IEMobile|MSIEMobile",Firefox:"fennec|firefox.*maemo|(Mobile|Tablet).*Firefox|Firefox.*Mobile|FxiOS",Bolt:"bolt",TeaShark:"teashark",Blazer:"Blazer",Safari:"Version((?!\\bEdgiOS\\b).)*Mobile.*Safari|Safari.*Mobile|MobileSafari",WeChat:"\\bMicroMessenger\\b",UCBrowser:"UC.*Browser|UCWEB",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser",DiigoBrowser:"DiigoBrowser",Mercury:"\\bMercury\\b",ObigoBrowser:"Obigo",NetFront:"NF-Browser",GenericBrowser:"NokiaBrowser|OviBrowser|OneBrowser|TwonkyBeamBrowser|SEMC.*Browser|FlyFlow|Minimo|NetFront|Novarra-Vision|MQQBrowser|MicroMessenger",PaleMoon:"Android.*PaleMoon|Mobile.*PaleMoon"},props:{Mobile:"Mobile/[VER]",Build:"Build/[VER]",Version:"Version/[VER]",VendorID:"VendorID/[VER]",iPad:"iPad.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPhone:"iPhone.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",iPod:"iPod.*CPU[a-z ]+[VER]",Kindle:"Kindle/[VER]",Chrome:["Chrome/[VER]","CriOS/[VER]","CrMo/[VER]"],Coast:["Coast/[VER]"],Dolfin:"Dolfin/[VER]",Firefox:["Firefox/[VER]","FxiOS/[VER]"],Fennec:"Fennec/[VER]",Edge:"Edge/[VER]",IE:["IEMobile/[VER];","IEMobile [VER]","MSIE [VER];","Trident/[0-9.]+;.*rv:[VER]"],NetFront:"NetFront/[VER]",NokiaBrowser:"NokiaBrowser/[VER]",Opera:[" OPR/[VER]","Opera Mini/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],"Opera Mini":"Opera Mini/[VER]","Opera Mobi":"Version/[VER]",UCBrowser:["UCWEB[VER]","UC.*Browser/[VER]"],MQQBrowser:"MQQBrowser/[VER]",MicroMessenger:"MicroMessenger/[VER]",baiduboxapp:"baiduboxapp/[VER]",baidubrowser:"baidubrowser/[VER]",SamsungBrowser:"SamsungBrowser/[VER]",Iron:"Iron/[VER]",Safari:["Version/[VER]","Safari/[VER]"],Skyfire:"Skyfire/[VER]",Tizen:"Tizen/[VER]",Webkit:"webkit[ /][VER]",PaleMoon:"PaleMoon/[VER]",SailfishBrowser:"SailfishBrowser/[VER]",Gecko:"Gecko/[VER]",Trident:"Trident/[VER]",Presto:"Presto/[VER]",Goanna:"Goanna/[VER]",iOS:" \\bi?OS\\b [VER][ ;]{1}",Android:"Android [VER]",Sailfish:"Sailfish [VER]",BlackBerry:["BlackBerry[\\w]+/[VER]","BlackBerry.*Version/[VER]","Version/[VER]"],BREW:"BREW [VER]",Java:"Java/[VER]","Windows Phone OS":["Windows Phone OS [VER]","Windows Phone [VER]"],"Windows Phone":"Windows Phone [VER]","Windows CE":"Windows CE/[VER]","Windows NT":"Windows NT [VER]",Symbian:["SymbianOS/[VER]","Symbian/[VER]"],webOS:["webOS/[VER]","hpwOS/[VER];"]},utils:{Bot:"Googlebot|facebookexternalhit|Google-AMPHTML|s~amp-validator|AdsBot-Google|Google Keyword Suggestion|Facebot|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|bingbot|ia_archiver|AhrefsBot|Ezooms|GSLFbot|WBSearchBot|Twitterbot|TweetmemeBot|Twikle|PaperLiBot|Wotbox|UnwindFetchor|Exabot|MJ12bot|YandexImages|TurnitinBot|Pingdom|contentkingapp|AspiegelBot",MobileBot:"Googlebot-Mobile|AdsBot-Google-Mobile|YahooSeeker/M1A1-R2D2",DesktopMode:"WPDesktop",TV:"SonyDTV|HbbTV",WebKit:"(webkit)[ /]([\\w.]+)",Console:"\\b(Nintendo|Nintendo WiiU|Nintendo 3DS|Nintendo 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