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id="toc-Società_ed_economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_re_della_dinastia_Zhou_occidentale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_re_della_dinastia_Zhou_occidentale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I re della dinastia Zhou occidentale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_re_della_dinastia_Zhou_occidentale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dinastia Zhou occidentale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 37 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تشو الغربية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشو الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_%C3%87jou_(s%C3%BClal%C9%99)" title="Qərbi Çjou (sülalə) - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Çjou (sülalə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Западна Джоу - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Джоу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_de_l%27Oest" title="Zhou de l'Oest - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zhou de l'Oest" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%98%DB%86%D9%88" title="ڕۆژاوای ژۆو - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژاوای ژۆو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westliche_Zhou-Dynastie" title="Westliche Zhou-Dynastie - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westliche Zhou-Dynastie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western Zhou" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinast%C3%ADa_Zhou_Occidental" title="Dinastía Zhou Occidental - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dinastía Zhou Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ژو باختری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژو باختری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4ntinen_Zhou-dynastia" title="Läntinen Zhou-dynastia - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Läntinen Zhou-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastie_Zhou_de_l%27Ouest" title="Dynastie Zhou de l'Ouest - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dynastie Zhou de l'Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-Ch%C3%BB" title="Sî-Chû - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-Chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8A_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="पश्चिमी झोऊ राजवंश - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी झोऊ राजवंश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Barat" title="Zhou Barat - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zhou Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8_(%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="西周 (王朝) - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西周 (王朝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="រាជវង្សចូវខាងលិច - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រាជវង្សចូវខាងលិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%A3%BC" title="서주 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%89_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6" title="पश्चिमी झोउ राजवंश - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पश्चिमी झोउ राजवंश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%97" title="പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ഷൗ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ഷൗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Баруун Жоу - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баруун Жоу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Zhou_Barat" title="Dinasti Zhou Barat - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dinasti Zhou Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westelijke_Zhou-dynastie" title="Westelijke Zhou-dynastie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westelijke Zhou-dynastie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_vestlige_Zhou-dynasti" title="Det vestlige Zhou-dynasti - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det vestlige Zhou-dynasti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਝੋਊ ਕਾਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਝੋਊ ਕਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83_(%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Западная Чжоу (династия) - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Чжоу (династия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%9E" title="බටහිර චෞ - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර චෞ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Династија Западни Џоу - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Западни Џоу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stra_Zhoudynastin" title="Västra Zhoudynastin - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västra Zhoudynastin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="ราชวงศ์โจวตะวันตก - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชวงศ์โจวตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Zhou_Hanedan%C4%B1" title="Batı Zhou Hanedanı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Zhou Hanedanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Західна Чжоу - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Чжоу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A4" title="مغربی ژؤ - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی ژؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Chjou" title="Gʻarbiy Chjou - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻarbiy Chjou" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西周" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西周" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_Chiu" title="Se Chiu - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西周" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069609#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div 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color:#000;font-size: 110%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="History of China"><img alt="History of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/200px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/300px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg/400px-Departure_Herald-Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>History of China</figcaption></figure> <b><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_Cina" title="Storia della Cina">Storia della Cina</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777; text-align:center;font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: # ffffff"><b><small>Preistoria</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: # ffffff"><b><a href="/wiki/Culture_paleolitiche_cinesi" title="Culture paleolitiche cinesi">Paleolitico</a></b> <span style="color:#888">c. 500 000 anni fa – c. 8500 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #888;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: # ffffff"><b><a href="/wiki/Culture_neolitiche_cinesi" title="Culture neolitiche cinesi">Neolitico</a></b> <span style="color:#888">c. 8500 – c. 2070 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777;font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><small>Antica</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xia" title="Dinastia Xia">Dinastia Xia</a></b> <span style="color:#888">c. 2100-c. 1600 a.C.</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #c3c4db;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">Dinastia Shang</a></b> <span style="color:#888">c. 1600-c. 1046 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou" title="Dinastia Zhou">Dinastia Zhou</a></b> <span style="color:#888">c. 1045-256 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dinastia Zhou occidentale</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8"> <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou_orientale" title="Dinastia Zhou orientale">Dinastia Zhou orientale</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8">   <a href="/wiki/Periodo_delle_primavere_e_degli_autunni" title="Periodo delle primavere e degli autunni">Periodo delle primavere e degli autunni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #888; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #eeffe8">   <a href="/wiki/Periodo_degli_Stati_Combattenti" title="Periodo degli Stati Combattenti">Periodo degli Stati Combattenti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777;font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><small>Imperiale</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Qin" title="Dinastia Qin">Dinastia Qin</a></b> <span style="color:#888">221-206 a.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han" title="Dinastia Han">Dinastia Han</a></b> <span style="color:#888">206 a.C.-220 d.C.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han_occidentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Han occidentale">Dinastia Han occidentale</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xin" title="Dinastia Xin">Dinastia Xin</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Han_orientale" title="Dinastia Han orientale">Dinastia Han orientale</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Tre_Regni" title="Tre Regni">Tre Regni</a></b> <span style="color:#888">220-265</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></b> <span style="color:#888">220-265</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Regno_Shu" title="Regno Shu">Shu</a></b> <span style="color:#888">221-264</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Regno_Wu" title="Regno Wu">Wu</a></b> <span style="color:#888">222–280</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_J%C3%ACn" title="Dinastia Jìn">Dinastia Jìn</a></b> <span style="color:#888">265-420</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_occidentale#Dinastia_Jin_occidentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Jin occidentale">Jin occidentale</a></b> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="font-size: 90%; border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5; border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Sedici_regni" title="Sedici regni">Sedici regni</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888">304–439</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Jin_orientale#Dinastia_Jin_orientale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinastia Jin orientale">Jin orientale</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastie_del_Nord_e_del_Sud" title="Dinastie del Nord e del Sud">Dinastie del Nord e del Sud</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888">420-589</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Sui" title="Dinastia Sui">Dinastia Sui</a></b> <span style="color:#888">581-618</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Dinastia Tang</a></b> <span style="color:#888">618-907</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 0 5px 2px 5px; background: #fffde9">  <span style="color:#888">(</span><b><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a></b> <span style="color:#888">690-705)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 150%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5; padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Cinque_dinastie_e_dieci_regni" title="Cinque dinastie e dieci regni">Cinque dinastie<br /> e dieci regni</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888">907-960</span> </td> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Liao" title="Dinastia Liao">Dinastia Liao</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888">907–1125</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 90%;padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song" title="Dinastia Song">Dinastia Song</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888">960–1279</span> </td> <td colspan="3" style="font-size: 90%;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song#Song_del_Nord.2C_960.E2.80.931127" title="Dinastia Song">Song del Nord</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xia_occidentale" title="Dinastia Xia occidentale">Xia occ.</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9">  <b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Song#Song_del_Sud_(1127-1279)" title="Dinastia Song">Song del Sud</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_J%C4%ABn" title="Dinastia Jīn">Dinastia Jīn</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="font-size: 90%;border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;border-left: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Yuan" title="Dinastia Yuan">Dinastia Yuan</a></b> <span style="color:#888">1271-1368</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #dbd9c5;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Ming" title="Dinastia Ming">Dinastia Ming</a></b> <span style="color:#888">1368-1644</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; border-bottom: 1px solid #888;padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fffde9"><b><a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Qing" title="Dinastia Qing">Dinastia Qing</a></b> <span style="color:#888">1644-1911</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" align="center" style="line-height: 150%; color:#777; font-size: 100%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fff0f6"><b><small>Moderna</small></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px 0 5px; background: #fff0f6"><b><a href="/wiki/Repubblica_di_Cina_(1912-1949)" title="Repubblica di Cina (1912-1949)">Repubblica di Cina</a></b> <span style="color:#888">1912-1949</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 2px 5px 0 5px; border-top: 1px solid #dbd9c5; background: #fff0f6"><b><a href="/wiki/Cina" title="Cina">Repubblica Popolare<br /> Cinese</a></b><br /><span style="color:#888"> 1949-oggi</span> </td> <td colspan="3" style="line-height: 140%; font-size: 90%; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; background: #fff0f6;border-left: 1px solid #dbcebe;"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Repubblica di Cina (Taiwan)</a></b><span style="color:#888"><br />1949-oggi</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="line-height: 150%; padding:0px 3px 2px 3px; background:#EEE; border-top: 1px solid #888; color:#000;font-size: 100%;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141649558">.mw-parser-output .cassetto{background:#FFFFFF;border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#AAAAAA);font-size:95%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:2px;text-align:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)}}.mw-parser-output .cassetto-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .cassetto-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type{background:#EFEFEF;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h1,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h2,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h3,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h4,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h5,.mw-parser-output .cassetto>div:first-of-type h6{color:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .cassetto .mw-collapsible-content{background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:.5em;overflow:hidden;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output div.cassetto .mw-collapsible-toggle{text-align:right;margin-left:3.5em}</style><div class="cassetto mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent; color: black; border:0"> <div>Voci correlate</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background-color:transparent; color: black;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte_cinese" title="Arte cinese">Arte cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinastie_della_storia_cinese" title="Dinastie della storia cinese">Dinastie della storia cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linea_del_tempo_della_storia_cinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linea del tempo della storia cinese (la pagina non esiste)">Linea del tempo della storia cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_cinese" title="Lingua cinese">Lingua cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storia_militare_cinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storia militare cinese (la pagina non esiste)">Storia militare cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Storia_navale_cinese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Storia navale cinese (la pagina non esiste)">Storia navale cinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storiografia_cinese" title="Storiografia cinese">Storiografia cinese</a></li></ul></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_2a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/China_2a.jpg/230px-China_2a.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/China_2a.jpg/345px-China_2a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/China_2a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Confini della Dinastia Zhou occidentale</figcaption></figure> <p>Nella <a href="/wiki/Storia_della_Cina" title="Storia della Cina">storia della Cina</a> la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou" title="Dinastia Zhou">dinastia Zhou</a> viene generalmente suddivisa in due periodi. Il primo periodo va dalla fondazione della dinastia nell'<a href="/wiki/XI_secolo_a.C." title="XI secolo a.C.">XI secolo a.C.</a> fino al <a href="/wiki/771_a.C." title="771 a.C.">771 a.C.</a> e viene denominato il periodo della <b>Dinastia Zhou occidentale</b>. Il periodo dal <a href="/wiki/770_a.C." title="770 a.C.">770 a.C.</a> fino all'abdicazione dell'ultimo re Zhou nell'anno <a href="/wiki/256_a.C." title="256 a.C.">256 a.C.</a> viene definito come <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Zhou_orientale" title="Dinastia Zhou orientale">Dinastia Zhou orientale</a>. </p><p>Le definizioni orientale od occidentale derivano dalle rispettive capitali di entrambi i periodi. La dinastia Zhou occidentale aveva come capitale una località nelle vicinanze dell'attuale <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> nella provincia dello <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, mentre la dinastia Zhou orientale aveva costituito la propria capitale nell'orientale <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> nell'attuale provincia dello <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. </p><p>Recentemente, nuovi studi sulle iscrizioni dell'epoca hanno fatto spostare la data tradizionale di inizio della dinastia Zhou dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=1122_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1122 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1122 a.C.</a> al <a href="/w/index.php?title=1045_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1045 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1045 a.C.</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tribù Zhou sarebbe già vissuta ai tempi della <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Xia" title="Dinastia Xia">dinastia Xia</a> nell'ovest dell'attuale provincia dello <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. Come tutte le case reali e principesche dell'antichità cinese il loro lignaggio derivava da un antenato leggendario o da un re saggio. Il cognome degli Zhou è Ji (姬). </p><p>Durante la <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Shang" title="Dinastia Shang">dinastia Shang</a> gli Zhou si rafforzarono sempre di più. Si insediarono nel territorio fertile al centro dello Shaanxi, i successi agricoli posero la prima pietra per la loro ascesa. Al rafforzamento economico seguì quello politico e militare. Tramite parecchie campagne militari riuscirono a respingere i nomadi del nord e ad espandersi ulteriormente verso Ovest fino a raggiungere lo <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> attuale. Anche sul piano politico la loro influenza crebbe tanto che molte popolazioni confinanti si associarono politicamente agli Zhou. Questo portò inevitabilmente al conflitto con la dinastia Shang, che dovette inviare a ovest spedizioni militari punitive.<br /> Nella decisiva <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_di_Muye" title="Battaglia di Muye">battaglia di Muye</a> i resti dell'esercito dell'ultimo re <a href="/wiki/Di_Xin" class="mw-redirect" title="Di Xin">Shang Di Xin</a> si consegnarono agli Zhou. Il re <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Wuwang" title="Zhou Wuwang">Wu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1046_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1046 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1046 a.C.</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1043_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1043 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1043 a.C.</a>) fu il fondatore della dinastia Zhou. </p><p>Il governo Zhou fu inizialmente instabile, nonostante la sottomissione di varie popolazioni barbare. Gli Zhou stabilirono la capitale a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zongzhou/Hao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zongzhou/Hao (la pagina non esiste)">Zongzhou/Hao</a> nella valle di Wei (<a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>) e fondarono il loro potere su un sistema che viene definito <a href="/wiki/Feudalesimo" title="Feudalesimo">feudale</a>, e che con termine cinese è chiamato <i>Fēngjiàn zhìdù </i> (封建制度). Il territorio degli Zhou era formato da un insieme di piccole città-stato. Ufficiali e funzionari non venivano pagati, ma ricevevano doni dal re, spesso terre assegnate in modo semi-permanente. Questo portò alla formazione di un'aristocrazia che spesso rivendicava la sua autonomia e si ribellava al re. Solo verso la fine della dinastia Zhou il regno degli Zhou venne progressivamente centralizzato, con un maggior controllo da parte del governo centrale sulle amministrazioni locali. </p><p>Il secondo re <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Cheng" title="Zhou Cheng">Zhou Cheng</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1042_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1042 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1042 a.C.</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1021_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1021 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1021 a.C.</a>) fronteggiò numerose ribellioni. Durante il suo regno sarebbe stata introdotta la moneta in rame. </p><p>Il re <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Mu" title="Zhou Mu">Mu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=1001_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1001 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1001 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/946_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="946 a.C.">946 a.C.</a>) introdusse un codice <a href="/wiki/Diritto_penale" title="Diritto penale">penale</a> che prevedeva la possibilità di commutare le <a href="/wiki/Pene_corporali" class="mw-redirect" title="Pene corporali">pene corporali</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pene_pecuniarie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pene pecuniarie">pene pecuniarie</a>. In questo periodo, gli Zhou si scontrarono con i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quanrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quanrong (la pagina non esiste)">Quanrong</a> nel Nordovest e secondo le fonti si sarebbe spinto fino al <a href="/wiki/Bacino_del_Tarim" title="Bacino del Tarim">bacino del Tarim</a>. Si tratta di un'epoca di espansione e colonizzazione in tutte le direzioni. </p><p>Il re <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Li (la pagina non esiste)">Li</a> (<a href="/wiki/878_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="878 a.C.">878 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/827_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="827 a.C.">827 a.C.</a>) fu costretto a lasciare la capitale a seguito di una rivolta. </p><p>Il suo successore <a href="/w/index.php?title=Re_Xuan_di_Zhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Re Xuan di Zhou (la pagina non esiste)">Xuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/827_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="827 a.C.">827 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/782_a.C." title="782 a.C.">782 a.C.</a>) venne incoronato in esilio. </p><p>L'ultimo re della dinastia occidentale fu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_You&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou You (la pagina non esiste)">You</a> (<a href="/wiki/781_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="781 a.C.">781 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/771_a.C." title="771 a.C.">771 a.C.</a>), che non seppe fermare l'avanzata degli invasori barbari. La capitale fu conquistata e saccheggiata. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Società_ed_economia"><span id="Societ.C3.A0_ed_economia"></span>Società ed economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Società ed economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Società ed economia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qizhong_Hu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Qizhong_Hu.jpg/220px-Qizhong_Hu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Qizhong_Hu.jpg/330px-Qizhong_Hu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Qizhong_Hu.jpg/440px-Qizhong_Hu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Vaso di bronzo, dinastia Zhou occidentale</figcaption></figure> <p>Per tenere sotto controllo il territorio conquistato, i re Zhou avevano ceduto la terra a parenti e sostenitori fedeli. Secondo la storiografia tarda vennero scelti in questo modo 71 principi, 53 dei quali erano diretti parenti del re. Poiché il centro degli Zhou era nell'ovest del paese, ai principi particolarmente affidabili vennero assegnati feudi nell'Est del paese. La capitale più settentrionale di queste suddivisioni territoriali era nei pressi dell'attuale <a href="/wiki/Pechino" title="Pechino">Pechino</a>. Lo stato più meridionale controllava il corso medio dello <a href="/wiki/Yang_Tze_Kiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang Tze Kiang">Yang Tze Kiang</a>. I principi dal canto loro cedevano la terra alla bassa nobiltà. Questo sistema veniva proseguito attraverso i livelli di nobiltà. La terra non poteva venire ceduta o ridistribuita senza il permesso del signore feudale di rango superiore. I contadini che lavoravano in queste suddivisioni territoriali erano legati alla terra e venivano ceduti assieme al feudo del quale facevano parte. </p><p>Nel primo periodo della dinastia Zhou, il legame dei principi col re era forte, ed il re esercitava la sua autorità regolando la quantità di terra che i feudatari potevano possedere, la grandezza e la forza degli eserciti che questi erano tenuti a mantenere e a mettere a disposizione del re. In caso di guerra, il re assumeva il comando di tutti gli eserciti. </p><p>La dinastia Zhou creò un sistema amministrativo complesso. Come avveniva per la proprietà dei feudi, però, anche le cariche dei funzionari erano per lo più trasmesse per via ereditaria. </p><p>L'economia della Cina sotto la dinastia Zhou era basata soprattutto sull'agricoltura. Il sistema feudale fece nascere le prime forme di coltivazioni intensive. Anche i primi progetti di <a href="/wiki/Ingegneria_idraulica" title="Ingegneria idraulica">ingegneria idraulica</a> in Cina furono realizzati sotto la dinastia Zhou, principalmente come ausilio all'agricoltura. </p><p>Altro importante settore dell'economia era l'artigianato, soprattutto la lavorazione del <a href="/wiki/Bronzo" title="Bronzo">bronzo</a>, sia per usi civili che militari. In questo campo, sotto la dinastia Zhou, gli artigiani cinesi raggiunsero altissimi livelli di maestria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_re_della_dinastia_Zhou_occidentale">I re della dinastia Zhou occidentale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione I re della dinastia Zhou occidentale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: I re della dinastia Zhou occidentale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef" width="120">Nome personale </th> <th style="background:#efefef" width="120">Nome postumo </th> <th style="background:#efefef" width="140">Anni di regno </th> <th style="background:#efefef" width="160">Nome col quale è più noto </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Fa<br />姬發 </td> <td>Wuwang<br />武王 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1046_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1046 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1046 a.C.</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1043_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1043 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1043 a.C.</a></i> </td> <td>Zhou Wuwang<br />(Re <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Wuwang" title="Zhou Wuwang">Wu di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Song<br />姬誦 </td> <td>Chengwang<br />成王 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=1042_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1042 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1042 a.C.</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=1021_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1021 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1021 a.C.</a></i> </td> <td>Zhou Chengwang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Cheng" title="Zhou Cheng">Re Cheng di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Zhao<br />姬釗 </td> <td>Kangwang<br />康王 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1020_a.C.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1020 a.C. (la pagina non esiste)">1020 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/996_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="996 a.C.">996 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Kangwang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Kang" title="Zhou Kang">Re Kang di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Xia<br />姬瑕 </td> <td>Zhaowang<br />昭王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/995_a.C." title="995 a.C.">995 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/977_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="977 a.C.">977 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Zhaowang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Zhao" title="Zhou Zhao">Re Zhao di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Man<br />姬滿 </td> <td>Muwang<br />穆王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/976_a.C." title="976 a.C.">976 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/922_a.C." title="922 a.C.">922 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Muwang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Mu" title="Zhou Mu">Re Mu di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Yihu<br />姬繄扈 </td> <td>Gongwang<br />共王/龔王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/922_a.C." title="922 a.C.">922 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/900_a.C." title="900 a.C.">900 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Gongwang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Gong_(sovrano)" title="Zhou Gong (sovrano)">Re Gong di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Jian<br />姬囏 </td> <td>Yiwang<br />懿王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/899_a.C." title="899 a.C.">899 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/892_a.C." title="892 a.C.">892 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Yiwang<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zhou_Yi_(Ji_Jian)" title="Zhou Yi (Ji Jian)">Re Yi di Zhou (Ji Jian)</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Pifang<br />姬辟方 </td> <td>Xiaowang<br />孝王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/891_a.C." title="891 a.C.">891 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/886_a.C." title="886 a.C.">886 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Xiaowang<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Xiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Xiao (la pagina non esiste)">Re Xiao di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Xie<br />姬燮 </td> <td>Yiwang<br />夷王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/885_a.C." title="885 a.C.">885 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/878_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="878 a.C.">878 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Yiwang<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Yi_(Ji_Xie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Yi (Ji Xie) (la pagina non esiste)">Re Yi di Zhou (Ji Xie)</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Hu<br />姬胡 </td> <td>Liwang<br />厲王/剌王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/877_a.C." title="877 a.C.">877 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/841_a.C." title="841 a.C.">841 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Liwang<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Li&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Li (la pagina non esiste)">Re Li di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td> </td> <td>Gonghe (<i>reggenza</i>)<br />共和 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/841_a.C." title="841 a.C.">841 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/828_a.C." title="828 a.C.">828 a.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gonghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonghe (la pagina non esiste)">Gonghe</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Jing<br />姬靜 </td> <td>Xuanwang<br />宣王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/827_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="827 a.C.">827 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/782_a.C." title="782 a.C.">782 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Xuanwang<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_Xuan_(sovrano)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou Xuan (sovrano) (la pagina non esiste)">Re Xuan di Zhou</a>) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Ji Gongsheng<br />姬宮湦 </td> <td>Youwang<br />幽王 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/781_a.C." class="mw-redirect" title="781 a.C.">781 a.C.</a>-<a href="/wiki/771_a.C." title="771 a.C.">771 a.C.</a> </td> <td>Zhou Youwang<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhou_You&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhou You (la pagina non esiste)">Re You di Zhou</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Zhou_occidentale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; 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