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<span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonotactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonotactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Phonotactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonotactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lexicon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Textbooks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textbooks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Textbooks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textbooks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dictionaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Dictionaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.6</span> <span>Romanizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uyghur language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oeigoers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%8C%89%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ዊጉርኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዊጉርኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ауигәыр бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ауигәыр бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الأويغورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الأويغورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigur" title="Uigur – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Uigur" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uy%C4%9Fur_dili" title="Uyğur dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uyğur dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اویغور تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اویغور تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="উইগুর ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইগুর ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur-g%C3%AD" title="Uyghur-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Uyghur-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Уйғыр теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уйғыр теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Уйгурская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уйгурская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Уйгурская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уйгурская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Уйгурски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уйгурски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཡུལ་གོར་སྐད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡུལ་གོར་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouigoureg" title="Ouigoureg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ouigoureg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigur" title="Uigur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uigur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Уйгур чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уйгур чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgur%C5%A1tina" title="Ujgurština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ujgurština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uighurisk_(sprog)" title="Uighurisk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uighurisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="önerilen madde"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguragiella" title="Uiguragiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Uiguragiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigurische_Sprache" title="Uigurische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uigurische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguuri_keel" title="Uiguuri keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uiguuri keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ουιγούρ γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουιγούρ γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_uigur" title="Idioma uigur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma uigur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgura_lingvo" title="Ujgura lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ujgura lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigurrera" title="Uigurrera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uigurrera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان اویغوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اویغوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_bhasa" title="Uyghur bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Uyghur bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ou%C3%AFghour" title="Ouïghour – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouïghour" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uygur_dili" title="Uygur dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Uygur dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_uigur" title="Lingua uigur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua uigur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur-ng%C3%AE" title="Uyghur-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Uyghur-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EA%B5%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="위구르어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위구르어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ույղուրերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ույղուրերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उइगुर भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उइगुर भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgur%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Ujguršćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ujguršćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgurski_jezik" title="Ujgurski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ujgurski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Uighur" title="Bahasa Uighur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Uighur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уйгураг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уйгураг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A%C3%ADg%C3%BAr%C3%ADska" title="Úígúríska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úígúríska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_uigura" title="Lingua uigura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua uigura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אויגורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אויגורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="უიღურული ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უიღურული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%86%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اویغۆر زبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اویغۆر زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ұйғыр тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұйғыр тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiuyghur" title="Kiuyghur – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiuyghur" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Уйгур кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Уйгур кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Уйгур тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Уйгур тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_uygur" title="Lingua uygur – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua uygur" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Uigurica" title="Lingua Uigurica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Uigurica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguru_valoda" title="Uiguru valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uiguru valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguresch" title="Uiguresch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Uiguresch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uig%C5%ABr%C5%B3_kalba" title="Uigūrų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uigūrų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oeigoers" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigur_(lingua)" title="Uigur (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uigur (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgur_nyelv" title="Ujgur nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ujgur nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ујгурски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ујгурски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_oigoro" title="Fiteny oigoro – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny oigoro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഉയ്ഗൂർ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉയ്ഗൂർ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उय्गुर भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उय्गुर भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="უიღურული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უიღურული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الاويغوريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاويغوريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اویغوری – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اویغوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Uyghur" title="Bahasa Uyghur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Uyghur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Uyghur-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uyghur-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Уйгур хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уйгур хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဝီဂါ ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီဂါ ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeigoers" title="Oeigoers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oeigoers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उईघर भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उईघर भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="ウイグル語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイグル語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Уйгурийн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Уйгурийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uighuurisk_spriak" title="Uighuurisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uighuurisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigurisk" title="Uigurisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uigurisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uigurisk" title="Uigurisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uigurisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oigor" title="Oigor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oigor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyg%CA%BBur_tili" title="Uygʻur tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uygʻur tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ایغور بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایغور بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ييغور ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ييغور ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_uyghur" title="Lenga uyghur – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga uyghur" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_ujgurski" title="Język ujgurski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język ujgurski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_uigur" title="Língua uigur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua uigur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uy%C4%9Fur_tili" title="Uyğur tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Uyğur tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_uigur%C4%83" title="Limba uigură – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba uigură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyq%27ur_simi" title="Uyq'ur simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uyq'ur simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Уйгурьскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Уйгурьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Уйгурский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уйгурский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Уйгур тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уйгур тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱩᱭᱜᱷᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱭᱜᱷᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uyghur language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgur%C4%8Dina" title="Ujgurčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ujgurčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujgursk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ujgurskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ujgurskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئۆیغووری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئۆیغووری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Ујгурски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ујгурски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguurin_kieli" title="Uiguurin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uiguurin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiguriska" title="Uiguriska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uiguriska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Uighur" title="Wikang Uighur – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Uighur" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உய்குர் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உய்குர் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Уйгыр теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уйгыр теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาอุยกูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอุยกูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B9%D2%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Забони уйғурӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони уйғурӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uygurca" title="Uygurca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uygurca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%BDgur_dili" title="Uýgur dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Uýgur dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Уйгур кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Уйгур кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Уйгурська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уйгурська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اویغور زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اویغور زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%8A%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئۇيغۇر تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇيغۇر تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Duy_Ng%C3%B4_Nh%C4%A9" title="Tiếng Duy Ngô Nhĩ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Duy Ngô Nhĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="維吾爾語 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="維吾爾語" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E8%A9%B1" title="維吾爾話 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維吾爾話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uy%C4%9Furki" title="Uyğurki – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Uyğurki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uig%C5%ABru_kalba" title="Uigūru kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uigūru kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="维吾尔语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维吾尔语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Uyghur" title="Basa Uyghur – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa Uyghur" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkic language of the Karluk sub-branch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a> or <a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Uyghur</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Uighur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Arab" dir="rtl">ئۇيغۇر تىلى</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Cyrl">Уйғур тили</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><i lang="ug-Latn">Uyghur tili,<br />Uyƣur tili, Uyğur tili</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uyghurche.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uyghurche.svg/170px-Uyghurche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uyghurche.svg/255px-Uyghurche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Uyghurche.svg/340px-Uyghurche.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="234" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">"Uyghur" written in <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Perso-Arabic script</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span style=""><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊj.ʁʊɾˈtʃɛ],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ʊjˈʁʊɾ.tɪ.lɪ]</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8–13 million (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChineseLanguagePolicy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Uyghur</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early forms</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language">Karakhanid</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em; padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.45em; padding-left:0"><li>Eastern Turki </li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Central Uyghur</li> <li>Khotan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lopnor</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur alphabets</a>: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Perso-Arabic</a> (official in China), <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">New Script</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> (China)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Working Committee of Ethnic Language and Writing of Xinjiang</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ug">ug</a></span></code> Uighur, Uyghur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=471">uig</a></span></code> Uighur, Uyghur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/uig" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:uig">uig</a></code> Uighur, Uyghur</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/uigh1240">uigh1240</a></code>  Uighur</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_(2015)_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Uyghur is spoken in Northwest China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_%282015%29_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png/320px-Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_%282015%29_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png" decoding="async" width="320" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_%282015%29_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png/480px-Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_%282015%29_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Uyghur_Linguistic_Map_%282015%29_in_Xinjiang_and_the_outskirts_of_Xinjiang..png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="430" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Geographical extent of Uyghur Language in China (Xinjiang) and outskirts of Xinjiang.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Uyghurs" title="Category:Uyghurs">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_timeline" title="Uyghur timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Uyghur_people" title="History of the Uyghur people">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_East_Turkestan" title="Flag of East Turkestan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_nationalism" title="Uyghur nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_literature" title="Uyghur literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uyghurs" title="List of Uyghurs">List of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0.4em 0.6em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur language</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Alphabets</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_dialects" title="Uyghur dialects">Dialects</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_grammar" title="Uyghur grammar">Grammar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">New Script</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_phonology" title="Uyghur phonology">Phonology</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs#Culture" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur culture</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Dervishi" title="Dervishi">Dervishi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Doppa_Cultural_Festival" title="Uyghur Doppa Cultural Festival">Doppa Cultural Festival</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Etles_silk" title="Etles silk">Etles silk</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Dabancheng" title="The Girl from Dabancheng">The Girl from Dabancheng</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Lift_Your_Veil" title="Lift Your Veil">Lift Your Veil</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Meshrep" title="Meshrep">Meshrep</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Muqam" title="Muqam">Muqam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Qurtulush_Yolida" title="Qurtulush Yolida">Qurtulush Yolida</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tianshan_Snow_Lotus_Group" title="Tianshan Snow Lotus Group">Tianshan Snow Lotus Group</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurlar" title="Uyghurlar">Uyghurlar</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Uyghur cuisine</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cut_cake" title="Cut cake">Cut cake</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Dapanji" title="Dapanji">Dapanji</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Joshpara" title="Joshpara">Joshpara</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Laghman_(food)" title="Laghman (food)">Laghman</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Naan" title="Naan">Naan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Samsa_(food)" title="Samsa (food)">Samsa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sangza" title="Sangza">Sangza</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tandyr_nan" title="Tandyr nan">Tandyr nan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Youtazi" title="Youtazi">Youtazi</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/China_Cables" title="China Cables">China Cables</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Servant-Family_Pair_Up" title="Civil Servant-Family Pair Up">Civil Servant-Family Pair Up</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics" title="Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics">Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Strike_Hard_Campaign_Against_Violent_Terrorism" title="Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism">Strike Hard Campaign</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Human_Rights_Policy_Act" title="Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act">Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Tribunal" title="Uyghur Tribunal">Uyghur Tribunal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_internment_camps" title="Xinjiang internment camps">Xinjiang internment camps</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Uyghurs outside of Xinjiang</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Beijing" title="Uyghurs in Beijing">Beijing</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Kazakhstan" title="Uyghurs in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Uyghurs in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_in_Pakistan" title="Uyghurs in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghurs of Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">United States</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Uyghur organizations</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/East_Turkistan_Government_in_Exile" title="East Turkistan Government in Exile">East Turkistan Government in Exile</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/East_Turkistan_National_Awakening_Movement" title="East Turkistan National Awakening Movement">East Turkistan National Awakening Movement</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_American_Association" title="Uyghur American Association">Uyghur American Association</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Human_Rights_Project" title="Uyghur Human Rights Project">Uyghur Human Rights Project</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/World_Uyghur_Congress" title="World Uyghur Congress">World Uyghur Congress</a> </li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uyghurche.png/40px-Uyghurche.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uyghurche.png/60px-Uyghurche.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uyghurche.png/80px-Uyghurche.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="131" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur script</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Uyghur</b> or <b>Uighur</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Arab" dir="rtl">ئۇيغۇر تىلى</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Cyrl">Уйғур тили</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><i lang="ug-Latn">Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ug-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʊjˈʁʊɾ.tɪ.lɪ]</a></span> or <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Arab" dir="rtl">ئۇيغۇرچە</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug-Cyrl">Уйғурчә</span></span>, <span title="Uyghur-language text"><i lang="ug-Latn">Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ug-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʊj.ʁʊɾˈtʃɛ]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Turkic Alphabet">CTA</a>: Uyğurçä; formerly known as <b>Turki</b> or <b>Eastern Turki</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> written in a <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur Perso-Arabic script</a> with 8–13 million speakers,<sup id="cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChineseLanguagePolicy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spoken primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur people</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Uyghur_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a>. Apart from Xinjiang, significant communities of Uyghur speakers are also located in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, and various other countries have Uyghur-speaking expatriate communities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uyghur is an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; it is widely used in both social and official spheres, as well as in print, television, and radio. Other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">ethnic minorities in Xinjiang</a> also use Uyghur as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">common language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uyghur belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language family</a>, which includes languages such as <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a>. Like many other Turkic languages, Uyghur displays <a href="/wiki/Vowel_harmony" title="Vowel harmony">vowel harmony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agglutination" title="Agglutination">agglutination</a>, lacks <a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">noun classes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">grammatical gender</a>, and is a <a href="/wiki/Branching_(linguistics)" title="Branching (linguistics)">left-branching language</a> with <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb_word_order" title="Subject–object–verb word order">subject–object–verb</a> word order. More distinctly, Uyghur processes include <a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">vowel reduction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(linguistics)" title="Umlaut (linguistics)">umlauting</a>, especially in northern dialects. In addition to other Turkic languages, Uyghur has historically been strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and more recently by <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>. </p><p>The modified Arabic-derived writing system is the most common and the only standard in China,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although other writing systems are used for auxiliary and historical purposes. Unlike most Arabic-derived scripts, the Uyghur Arabic alphabet has mandatory marking of all vowels due to modifications to the original Perso-Arabic script made in the 20th century. Two Latin alphabets and one Cyrillic alphabet are also used, though to a much lesser extent. The two Latin-based and the Arabic-based Uyghur alphabets have 32 characters each; the Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet also uses two <a href="/wiki/Iotation" title="Iotation">iotated</a> vowel letters (Ю and Я). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai language</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Turkic_languages" title="Middle Turkic languages">Middle Turkic languages</a> are the direct ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk languages</a>, including Uyghur and the <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek language</a>. </p><p>Modern Uyghur is not descended from <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a>, rather, it is a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as described by <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABw%C4%81n_Lugh%C4%81t_al-Turk" title="Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk">Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Clauson" title="Gerard Clauson">Gerard Clauson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a> is considered to be the true descendant of Old Uyghur and is also called "Neo-Uyghur". According to Frederik Coene, Modern Uyghur and Western Yugur belong to entirely different branches of the Turkic language family, respectively the <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Southeastern Turkic languages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Northeastern Turkic languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur language</a>, although in geographic proximity, is more closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian Turkic languages</a> in Siberia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dankoff" title="Robert Dankoff">Robert Dankoff</a> wrote that the Turkic language spoken in Kashgar and used in Kara Khanid works was Karluk, not (Old) Uyghur.<sup id="cite_ref-KöprülüLeiser2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KöprülüLeiser2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barkley_Shaw" title="Robert Barkley Shaw">Robert Barkley Shaw</a> wrote, "In the Turkish of Káshghar and Yarkand (which some European linguists have called Uïghur, a name unknown to the inhabitants of those towns, who know their tongue simply as Túrki), ... This would seem in many case to be a misnomer as applied to the modern language of Kashghar".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sven_Hedin" title="Sven Hedin">Sven Hedin</a> wrote, "In these cases it would be particularly inappropriate to normalize to the East Turkish literary language, because by so doing one would obliterate traces of national elements which have no immediate connection with the Kaschgar Turks, but on the contrary are possibly derived from the ancient Uigurs".<sup id="cite_ref-HedinDahlgren1905_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HedinDahlgren1905-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Probably around 1077,<sup id="cite_ref-dankoff_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dankoff-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a scholar of the Turkic languages, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Kashgari" title="Mahmud al-Kashgari">Mahmud al-Kashgari</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, published a Turkic language dictionary and description of the geographic distribution of many Turkic languages, <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABw%C4%81n_ul-Lughat_al-Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk">Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk</a></i> (English: <i>Compendium of the Turkic Dialects</i>; Uyghur: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1074196468">.mw-parser-output .font-uig{font-family:"UKIJ Tuz","UKIJ Nasq","UKIJ Basma","UKIJ_Mac Basma","UKIJ Zilwa","UKIJ Esliye","UKIJ Tuz Basma","UKIJ Tuz Kitab","UKIJ Tuz Gezit","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Qara","UKIJ Tuz Tor","UKIJ Kesme","UKIJ Kesme Tuz","UKIJ Qara","UKIJ Basma Aq","UKIJ Basma Qara","UKIJ Basma Tuz","UKIJ Putuk","UKIJ Tuz Xet","UKIJ Tom Xet","UKIJ Tuz Jurnal","UKIJ Arabic","UKIJ CJK","UKIJ Ekran","UKIJ_Mac Ekran","UKIJ Teng","UKIJ Tor","UKIJ Tuz Tom","UKIJ Mono Keng","UKIJ Mono Tar","UKIJ Nokia","UKIJ SimSun","UKIJ Yanfon","UKIJ Qolyazma","UKIJ Saet","UKIJ Nasq Zilwa","UKIJ Sulus","UKIJ Sulus Tom","UKIJ 3D","UKIJ Diwani","UKIJ Diwani Yantu","UKIJ Diwani Tom","UKIJ Esliye Tom","UKIJ Esliye Qara","UKIJ Jelliy","UKIJ Kufi","UKIJ Kufi Tar","UKIJ Kufi Uz","UKIJ Kufi Yay","UKIJ Merdane","UKIJ Ruqi","UKIJ Mejnuntal","UKIJ Junun","UKIJ Moy Qelem","UKIJ Chiwer Kesme","UKIJ Orxun-Yensey","UKIJ Elipbe","UKIJ Qolyazma Tez","UKIJ Qolyazma Tuz","UKIJ Qolyazma Yantu","UKIJ Ruqi Tuz",FZWWBBOT_Unicode,FZWWHQHTOT_Unicode,"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,"Microsoft Uighur","Noto Naskh Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Microsoft Sans Serif";font-feature-settings:"cv50"1}</style><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;">تۈركى تىللار دىۋانى</span>‎, <i>Türki Tillar Diwani</i>). The book, described by scholars as an "extraordinary work,"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shaman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> documents the rich literary tradition of Turkic languages; it contains folk tales (including descriptions of the functions of <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shamans</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-shaman_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and didactic poetry (propounding "moral standards and good behaviour"), besides poems and poetry cycles on topics such as hunting and love<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and numerous other language materials.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Kara-Khanid writers wrote works in the Turki Karluk Khaqani language. <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Khass_Hajib" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf Khass Hajib">Yusuf Khass Hajib</a> wrote the <a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a>. Ahmad bin Mahmud Yukenaki (Ahmed bin Mahmud Yükneki) (Ahmet ibn Mahmut Yükneki) (Yazan Edib Ahmed b. Mahmud Yükneki) (<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edip_Ahmet_Y%C3%BCkneki" class="extiw" title="tr:Edip Ahmet Yükneki">w:tr:Edip Ahmet Yükneki</a>) wrote the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ar-Latn">Hibat al-ḥaqāyiq</span></span> (هبة الحقايق) (<span title="Uyghur-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ug-Latn">Hibet-ül hakayik</span></span>) (Hibet ül-hakayık) (Hibbetü'l-Hakaik) (Atebetüʼl-hakayik) (<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atabet%C3%BC%27l-Hakay%C4%B1k" class="extiw" title="tr:Atabetü'l-Hakayık">w:tr:Atabetü'l-Hakayık</a>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Middle_Turkic_languages" title="Middle Turkic languages">Middle Turkic languages</a>, through the influence of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Perso</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> after the 13th century, developed into the <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai language</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Literary_language" title="Literary language">literary language</a> used all across <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> until the early 20th century. After Chaghatai fell into <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinction</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard versions</a> of Uyghur and <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> were developed from dialects in the Chagatai-speaking region, showing abundant Chaghatai influence. Uyghur language today shows considerable <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> influence as a result from Chagatai, including numerous Persian <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Uyghur religious literature includes the Taẕkirah, biographies of Islamic religious figures and saints. The Taẕkirah is a genre of literature written about Sufi Muslim saints in <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a>. Written sometime in the period between 1700 and 1849, the Chagatai language (modern Uyghur) <i>Taẕkirah of the Four Sacrificed Imams</i> provides an account of the Muslim Karakhanid war against the Khotanese Buddhists, containing a story about Imams, from Mada'in city (possibly in modern-day Iraq) came 4 Imams who travelled to help the Islamic conquest of Khotan, Yarkand and Kashgar by Yusuf Qadir Khan, the Qarakhanid leader.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shrines of Sufi Saints are revered in <a href="/wiki/Altishahr" title="Altishahr">Altishahr</a> as one of Islam's essential components and the tazkirah literature reinforced the sacredness of the shrines. Anyone who does not believe in the stories of the saints is guaranteed hellfire by the tazkirahs. It is written, "And those who doubt Their Holinesses the Imams will leave this world without faith and on Judgement Day their faces will be black ..." in the <i>Tazkirah of the Four Sacrificed Imams</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thum2014_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thum2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shaw translated extracts from the Tazkiratu'l-Bughra on the Muslim Turki war against the "infidel" Khotan.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turki-language <i>Tadhkirah i Khwajagan</i> was written by M. Sadiq Kashghari.<sup id="cite_ref-Storey2002_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storey2002-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical works like the <i>Tārīkh-i amniyya</i> and <i>Tārīkh-i ḥamīdi</i> were written by <a href="/wiki/Musa_Sayrami" title="Musa Sayrami">Musa Sayrami</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> commissioned dictionaries on the major languages of China which included Chagatai Turki language, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pentaglot_Dictionary" title="Pentaglot Dictionary">Pentaglot Dictionary</a>. </p><p>The historical term "Uyghur" was appropriated for the language that had been known as Eastern Turki by government officials in the Soviet Union in 1922 and in Xinjiang in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Malov" title="Sergey Malov">Sergey Malov</a> was behind the idea of renaming Turki to Uyghurs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the term Uyghur has led to anachronisms when describing the history of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-ReedRaschke2010_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReedRaschke2010-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of his books the term Uyghur was deliberately not used by <a href="/wiki/James_A._Millward" title="James A. Millward">James A. Millward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Levey2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levey2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Khāqāniyya was given to the <a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Qarluks</a> who inhabited Kāshghar and Bālāsāghūn, the inhabitants were not Uighur, but their language has been retroactively labelled as Uighur by scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-KöprülüLeiser2006_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KöprülüLeiser2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Qarakhanids called their own language the "Turk" or "Kashgar" language and did not use Uighur to describe their own language, Uighur was used to describe the language of non-Muslims but Chinese scholars have anachronistically called a Qarakhanid work written by Kashgari as "Uighur".<sup id="cite_ref-Herzig2014_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herzig2014-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "<i>Altishahri-Jungharian Uyghur</i>" was used by the Soviet educated Uyghur Qadir Haji in 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Brophy2016_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brophy2016-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></div> <p>The Uyghur language belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk Turkic</a> (<i>Qarluq</i>) branch of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language family</a>. It is closely related to <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lop_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lop language">Lop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">extinct language</a> <a href="/wiki/Chagatay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagatay language">Chagatay</a> (the East Karluk languages), and more distantly to <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> (which is West Karluk). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_dialects" title="Uyghur dialects">Uyghur dialects</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_20-CR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/220px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/330px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lang_Status_20-CR.svg/440px-Lang_Status_20-CR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>Lopnor Uighur is classified as Critically Endangered by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></small></div></figcaption></figure> <p>It is widely accepted that Uyghur has three main dialects, all based on their geographical distribution. Each of these main dialects have a number of sub-dialects which all are <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a> to some extent. </p> <ul><li><b>Central</b>: Spoken in an area stretching from <a href="/wiki/Kumul_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumul (city)">Kumul</a> southward to <a href="/wiki/Yarkant_County" title="Yarkant County">Yarkand</a></li> <li><b>Southern</b>: Spoken in an area stretching from <a href="/wiki/Guma,_Pishan_County" title="Guma, Pishan County">Guma</a> eastward to <a href="/wiki/Ruoqiang_Town" title="Ruoqiang Town">Qarkilik</a></li> <li><b>Eastern</b>: Spoken in an area stretching from <a href="/wiki/Ruoqiang_Town" title="Ruoqiang Town">Qarkilik</a> northward to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qongk%C3%B6l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qongköl (page does not exist)">Qongköl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%BC%E5%BA%93%E5%8B%92%E4%B9%A1" class="extiw" title="zh:琼库勒乡">zh</a>]</span>. The <a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop dialect</a> (also known as Lopluk) that falls under the Eastern dialect of the Uighur language is classified as a critically endangered language.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is spoken by less than 0.5% of the overall Uighur speakers population but has tremendous values in comparative research.</li></ul> <p>The Central dialects are spoken by 90% of the Uyghur-speaking population, while the two other branches of dialects only are spoken by a relatively small minority.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">Vowel reduction</a> is common in the northern parts of where Uyghur is spoken, but not in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uyghur is spoken by an estimated 8–11 million people in total.<sup id="cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChineseLanguagePolicy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to being spoken primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western China</a>, mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur people</a>, Uyghur was also spoken by some 300,000 people in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> in 1993, some 90,000 in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> in 1998, 3,000 in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and 1,000 in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, both in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwyer.2005.12-132_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwyer.2005.12-132-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller communities also exist in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> are one of the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups in China</a> and Uyghur is an official language of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>. As a result, Uyghur can be heard in most social domains in Xinjiang and also in schools, government and courts.<sup id="cite_ref-Dwyer.2005.12-132_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwyer.2005.12-132-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, those populous enough to have their own <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefecture" title="Autonomous prefecture">autonomous prefectures</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>, have access to schools and government services in their native language. Smaller minorities, however, do not have a choice and must attend Uyghur-medium schools.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/Xibe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xibe people">Xibe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajiks of China">Tajiks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian people">Russians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chinese government have implemented bi-lingual education in most regions of Xinjiang.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bi-lingual education system teaches Xinjiang's students all STEM classes using only Mandarin Chinese, or a combination of Uighur and Chinese. However, research have shown that due to differences in the order of words and grammar between the Uighur and the Chinese language, many students face obstacles in learning courses such as Mathematics under the bi-lingual education system.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uyghur language has been supported by <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a> since February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 80 <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazines</a> are available in Uyghur; five <a href="/wiki/TV_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="TV channel">TV channels</a> and ten <a href="/wiki/Publisher" class="mw-redirect" title="Publisher">publishers</a> serve as the Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">media</a>. Outside of China, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a> provides news in Uyghur. </p><p>Poet and activist <a href="/wiki/Muyesser_Abdul%27ehed" title="Muyesser Abdul'ehed">Muyesser Abdul'ehed</a> teaches the language to diaspora children online as well as publishing a magazine written by children for children in Uyghur.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_phonology" title="Uyghur phonology">Uyghur phonology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uyghur has a seven-vowel inventory, with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span> not distinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vowel letters of the Uyghur language are, in their alphabetical order (in the Latin script), <span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ë⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨o⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ö⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨u⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ü⟩</span>. There are no diphthongs. <a href="/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiatus (linguistics)">Hiatus</a> occurs in some loanwords.<br />Uyghur vowels are distinguished on the bases of height, backness and roundness. It has been argued, within a lexical phonology framework, that <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span> has a back counterpart <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a>/</span>, and modern Uyghur lacks a clear differentiation between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>/</span>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Unrounded</a></th> <th>Rounded</th> <th>Unrounded</th> <th>Rounded </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <br />(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]<span class="wrap"> </span>~<span class="wrap"> </span>[e]</span>)</td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span>)</td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th colspan="2"></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">UR</a></th> <th>R</th> <th>UR</th> <th>R </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> </th> <td>ئى / ى</td> <td>ئۈ / ۈ</td> <td>ئى / ى</td> <td>ئۇ / ۇ </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <td>I i</td> <td>Ü ü</td> <td>I i</td> <td>U u </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʏ]</span></td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ]</span>)</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> </th> <td>ئې / ې</td> <td>ئۆ / ۆ</td> <td></td> <td>ئو / و </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <td>Ë ë</td> <td>Ö ö</td> <td></td> <td>O o </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ø]</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[o]</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a> </th> <td>ئە / ە</td> <td></td> <td>ئا / ا</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin</a> </th> <td>E e</td> <td></td> <td>A a</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑ</span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Uyghur vowels are by default <a href="/wiki/Short_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Short vowel">short</a>, but long vowels also exist because of historical vowel <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilation</a> (above) and through loanwords. Underlyingly long vowels would resist vowel reduction and <a href="/wiki/Devoicing" class="mw-redirect" title="Devoicing">devoicing</a>, introduce non-final stress, and be analyzed as |Vj| or |Vr| before a few suffixes. However, the conditions in which they are actually pronounced as distinct from their short counterparts have not been fully researched.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The high vowels undergo some tensing when they occur adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolars</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s,<span class="wrap"> </span>z,<span class="wrap"> </span>r,<span class="wrap"> </span>l</span>), <a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">palatals</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span>), <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dentals</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̪,<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪,<span class="wrap"> </span>n̪</span>), and post-alveolar <a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">affricates</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͡ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒ</span>), e.g. <i>chiraq</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ʃʰˈiraq]</span> 'lamp', <i>jenubiy</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒɛnʊˈbiː]</span> 'southern', <i>yüz</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jyz]</span> 'face; hundred', <i>suda</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[suːˈda]</span> 'in/at (the) water'. </p><p>Both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>]</span> undergo apicalisation after alveodental continuants in unstressed syllables, e.g. <i>siler</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[sɪ̯læː(r)]</span> 'you (plural)', <i>ziyan</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zɪ̯ˈjɑːn]</span> 'harm'. They are medialised after <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>/</span> or before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span>, e.g. <i>til</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɨl]</span> 'tongue', <i>xizmet</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χɨzˈmɛt]</span> 'work; job; service'. After velars, uvulars and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> they are realised as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span>, e.g. <i>giram</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡeˈrʌm]</span> 'gram', <i>xelqi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χɛlˈqʰe]</span> 'his [etc.] nation', <i>Finn</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[fen]</span> 'Finn'. Between two syllables that contain a rounded back vowel each, they are realised as back, e.g. <i>qolimu</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɔˈlɯmʊ]</span> 'also his [etc.] arm'. </p><p>Any vowel undergoes laxing and backing when it occurs in <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/ʁ/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/χ/</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">laryngeal</a> (glottal) (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɦ/,<span class="wrap"> </span>/ʔ/</span>) environments, e.g. <i>qiz</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɤz]</span> 'girl', <i>qëtiq</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɤˈtɯq]</span> 'yogurt', <i>qeghez</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰæˈʁæz]</span> 'paper', <i>qum</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰʊm]</span> 'sand', <i>qolay</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɔˈlʌɪ]</span> 'convenient', <i>qan</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɑn]</span> 'blood', <i>ëghiz</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔeˈʁez]</span> 'mouth', <i>hisab</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦɤˈsʌp]</span> 'number', <i>hës</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦɤs]</span> 'hunch', <i>hemrah</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦæmˈrʌh]</span> 'partner', <i>höl</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦœɫ]</span> 'wet', <i>hujum</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦuˈd͡ʒʊm]</span> 'assault', <i>halqa</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɦɑlˈqʰɑ]</span> 'ring'. </p><p>Lowering tends to apply to the non-high vowels when a syllable-final liquid assimilates to them, e.g. <i>kör</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[cʰøː]</span> 'look!', <i>boldi</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bɔlˈdɪ]</span> 'he [etc.] became', <i>ders</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dæːs]</span> 'lesson', <i>tar</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɑː(r)]</span> 'narrow'. </p><p>Official Uyghur orthographies do not mark vowel length, and also do not distinguish between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪ/</span> (e.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;">بىلىم</span>‎ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bɪlɪm/</span> 'knowledge') and back <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a>/</span> (e.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;">تىلىم</span>‎ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɯlɯm/</span> 'my language'); these two sounds are in <a href="/wiki/Complementary_distribution#In_phonology" title="Complementary distribution">complementary distribution</a>, but phonological analyses claim that they play a role in vowel harmony and are separate phonemes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> only occurs in words of non-Turkic origin and as the result of vowel raising.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uyghur has systematic <a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">vowel reduction</a> (or vowel raising) as well as vowel harmony. Words usually agree in vowel backness, but compounds, loans, and some other exceptions often break vowel harmony. Suffixes surface with the rightmost [back] value in the stem, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪ/</span> are transparent (as they do not contrast for backness). Uyghur also has rounding harmony.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 90%;"> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-<br />alveolar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></small> </th> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a></small> </th> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"> </td> <td width="20px" style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span></td> <td width="20px" style="border-left:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a></small> </th> <td style="border-right:0;">(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>)</td> <td style="border-left:0;">(<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>) </td> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental sibilant fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental trill">r</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a></small> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td style="border-right:0;"></td> <td style="border-left:0;"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Uyghur voiceless stops are aspirated word-initially and intervocalically.<sup id="cite_ref-Hahn.1991.89_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hahn.1991.89-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pairs <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>b/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t,<span class="wrap"> </span>d/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ/</span> alternate, with the voiced member devoicing in syllable-final position, except in word-initial syllables. This devoicing process is usually reflected in the official orthography, but an exception has been recently made for certain Perso-Arabic loans.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voiceless phonemes do not become voiced in standard Uyghur.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suffixes display a slightly different type of consonant alternation. The phonemes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> anywhere in a suffix alternate as governed by <a href="#Vowel_harmony">vowel harmony</a>, where <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> occurs with front vowels and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> with back ones. Devoicing of a suffix-initial consonant can occur only in the cases of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span>, when the preceding consonant is voiceless. Lastly, the rule that /g/ must occur with front vowels and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> with back vowels can be broken when either <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span> in suffix-initial position becomes assimilated by the other due to the preceding consonant being such.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Loan phonemes have influenced Uyghur to various degrees. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/χ/</span> were borrowed from Arabic and have been nativized, while <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʒ/</span> from Persian less so. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> only exists in very recent Russian and Chinese loans, since Perso-Arabic (and older Russian and Chinese) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> became Uyghur <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p/</span>. Perso-Arabic loans have also made the contrast between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/q,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʁ/</span> phonemic, as they occur as allophones in native words, the former set near front vowels and the latter near a back vowels. Some speakers of Uyghur distinguish <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> in Russian loans, but this is not represented in most orthographies. Other phonemes occur natively only in limited contexts, i.e. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> only in few interjections, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʁ/</span> rarely initially, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/z/</span> only morpheme-final. Therefore, the pairs <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/t͡ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>d͡ʒ/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒ/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/s,<span class="wrap"> </span>z/</span> do not alternate.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonotactics">Phonotactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Phonotactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable structure</a> of Uyghur is CV(C)(C).<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uyghur syllable structure is usually CV or CVC, but CVCC can also occur in some words. When syllable-coda clusters occur, CC tends to become CVC in some speakers especially if the first consonant is not a <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">sonorant</a>. In Uyghur, any consonant phoneme can occur as the syllable <a href="/wiki/Syllable_onset" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable onset">onset</a> or <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">coda</a>, except for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> which only occurs in the onset and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋ/</span>, which never occurs word-initially. In general, Uyghur <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> tends to simplify <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> clusters by means of <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">elision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">epenthesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur alphabets</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg/220px-Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg/330px-Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg/440px-Military_Museum_of_Xinjiang_signboard_in_Uyghur-Mandarin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>A signboard in front of the <a href="/wiki/XPCC" class="mw-redirect" title="XPCC">Bingtuan</a> Military Museum of Xinjiang written in Uyghur (using Arabic script) and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yining.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yining.jpg/220px-Yining.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yining.jpg/330px-Yining.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Yining.jpg/440px-Yining.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A sign in <a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Ghulja</a>, Xinjiang, written in Uyghur (using Arabic script) and Chinese (both <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Hanzi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg/220px-Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg/330px-Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg/440px-Khotan-ciber-d01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Internet_caf%C3%A9" title="Internet café">Internet café</a> (on the left) and barbershop (on the right) in <a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Khotan</a> oasis city in the <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</a> of the People's Republic of China. Address written in Uyghur with the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Karluk language started to be written with the Perso-Arabic script (Kona Yëziq) in the 10th century upon the conversion of the Kara-Khanids to Islam. This Perso-Arabic script (Kona Yëziq) was reformed in the 20th century with modifications to represent all Modern Uyghur sounds including short vowels and eliminate Arabic letters representing sounds not found in Modern Uyghur. Unlike many other modern <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a>, Uyghur is primarily written using a <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Perso-Arabic-based alphabet</a>, although a <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic alphabet</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabets</a> also are in use to a much lesser extent. Unusually for an alphabet based on the Arabic script, full transcription of vowels is indicated. (Among the Arabic family of alphabets, only a few, such as <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a>, distinguish all vowels without the use of optional <a href="/wiki/Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacritics">diacritics</a>.) </p><p>The four alphabets in use today can be seen below. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur Arabic alphabet</a> or <i>UEY</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet</a> or <i>USY</i></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">Uyghur New Script</a> or <i>UYY</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Uyghur Latin alphabet</a> or <i>ULY</i></li></ul> <p>In the table below the alphabets are shown side-by-side for comparison, together with a <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcription</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">UEY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">USY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">UYY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">ULY</a> </th> <td rowspan="21">  </td> <th>No. </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">UEY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">USY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">UYY</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">ULY</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ئا</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">а</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> <a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td><b>17</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">Қ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="Қ">қ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱪ">Ⱪ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱪ">ⱪ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>/</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ە">ئە</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">Ә</a> <a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">ә</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">Ə</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">ə</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td><b>18</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">к</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">б</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td><b>19</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="گ">گ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">Г</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Г">г</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">п</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td><b>20</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ڭ">ڭ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">ң</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ng_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ng (digraph)">Ng</a> <a href="/wiki/Ng_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ng (digraph)">ng</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">т</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> <a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td><b>21</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">л</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> <a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>6</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D2%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Җ">Җ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Җ">җ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>22</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">м</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> <a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zh_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zh (digraph)">Zh</a> <a href="/wiki/Zh_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zh (digraph)">zh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>7</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%86" class="mw-redirect" title="چ">چ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">ч</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">ch</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>23</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">н</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> <a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">ch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="خ">خ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">Х</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">х</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td><b>24</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ھ">ھ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Һ">Һ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Һ">һ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱨ">Ⱨ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱨ">ⱨ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> <a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">д</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> <a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td><b>25</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">ئو</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">о</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> <a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">р</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> <a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td><b>26</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ۇ">ئۇ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">у</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>11</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">з</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td><b>27</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ۆ">ئۆ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">Ө</a> <a href="/wiki/Oe_(Cyrillic)" title="Oe (Cyrillic)">ө</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">Ɵ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%9F" title="Ɵ">ɵ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">Ö</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>12</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DA%98" class="mw-redirect" title="ژ">ژ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">Ж</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">ж</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱬ">Ⱬ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⱬ">ⱬ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zh_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zh (digraph)">Zh</a> <a href="/wiki/Zh_(digraph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zh (digraph)">zh</a> </td> <td><b>28</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%88" class="mw-redirect" title="ۈ">ئۈ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">ү</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">Ü</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>13</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">с</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>29</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ۋ">ۋ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">в</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>14</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">ш</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a> <a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">sh</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>30</b></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>/</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%DB%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ې">ئې</a></span>‎</span></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">е</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> <a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8B" title="Ë">Ë</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8B" title="Ë">ë</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">É</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89" title="É">é</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a> <a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">sh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>15</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">ғ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">Ƣ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C6%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ƣ">ƣ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a> <a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">gh</a> </td> <td><b>31</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>/</span> ~ <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="ى">ئى</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">и</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> <a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>16</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">ф</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> <a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td><b>32</b></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:160%; line-height:160%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1074196468"><span lang="ug" class="font-uig" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></span>‎</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">й</a></td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_grammar" title="Uyghur grammar">Uyghur grammar</a></div> <p>Like other Turkic languages, Uyghur is a <a href="/wiki/Head-final" class="mw-redirect" title="Head-final">head-final</a> <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">agglutinative language</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">subject–object–verb</a> word order. <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">Nouns</a> are inflected for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">number</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">case</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">gender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Definiteness" title="Definiteness">definiteness</a> like in many other languages. There are two numbers: singular and plural and six different cases: <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case" title="Nominative case">nominative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ablative_case" title="Ablative case">ablative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EnYaDw.2009.1-2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnYaDw.2009.1-2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verbs</a> are conjugated for <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tense</a>: <a href="/wiki/Present_tense" title="Present tense">present</a> and <a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">past</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical voice">voice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Causative_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Causative voice">causative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passive_voice" title="Passive voice">passive</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_aspect" title="Grammatical aspect">aspect</a>: <a href="/wiki/Continuous_and_progressive_aspects" title="Continuous and progressive aspects">continuous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_mood" title="Grammatical mood">mood</a>: e.g. ability. Verbs may be negated as well.<sup id="cite_ref-EnYaDw.2009.1-2_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnYaDw.2009.1-2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexicon">Lexicon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lexicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a> of the Uyghur language is of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> stock, but due to different kinds of <a href="/wiki/Language_contact" title="Language contact">language contact</a> throughout its history, it has adopted many <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language">Chagatai</a> are all <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a> which have had a strong influence on Uyghur. Many words of <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> origin have come into the language through <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>, which again have come through Uzbek and to a greater extent, Chagatai. Many words of Arabic origin have also entered the language directly through <a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Islamic literature</a> after the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> around the 10th century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> in Xinjiang and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> elsewhere had the greatest<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (August 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> influence on Uyghur. Loanwords from these languages are all quite recent, although older borrowings exist as well, such as borrowings from <a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Dungan_people" title="Dungan people">Dungan people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>. A number of loanwords of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> origin have also reached Uyghur through Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">Code-switching</a> with <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> is common in spoken Uyghur, but stigmatized in formal contexts. <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Television" title="Xinjiang Television">Xinjiang Television</a> and other mass media, for example, will use the rare Russian loanword <i>aplisin</i> (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">апельсин</span></span>, <i>apel'sin</i>) for the word "orange", rather than the ubiquitous Mandarin loanword <i>juze</i> (<span lang="zh">橘子</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">júzi</span></i>). In a sentence, this mixing might look like:<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style></p><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">مېنىڭ</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Më-ning</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular">1sg</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">تەلەفونىم</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">telfon-im</p><p style="margin: 0px;">cellphone-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular">1sg</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">گۇئەنجى،</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">guenji,</p><p style="margin: 0px;">shut.down,</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">شۇڭا</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">shunga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">so</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">سىزگە</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">siz-ge</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second person, singular">2sg</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="dative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DAT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">دۇئەنشىن</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">duenshin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">text.message</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="ug" style="margin: 0px;">ئەۋەتەلمىدىم.</p><p lang="ug-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ewet-elmi-dim.</p><p style="margin: 0px;">send-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="capability" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CAP</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="negation/negative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NEG</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PST</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular">1sg</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">مېنىڭ تەلەفونىم گۇئەنجى، شۇڭا سىزگە دۇئەنشىن ئەۋەتەلمىدىم.</p><p style="display: none;">Më-ning telfon-im guenji, shunga siz-ge duenshin ewet-elmi-dim.</p><p style="display: none;">1sg-GEN cellphone-POSS.1sg shut.down, so 2sg-DAT text.message send-CAP.NEG-PST.1sg</p><p style="clear: left;">My (cell) phone shut down (关机; guānjī), so I wasn't able to send you a text message (短信; duǎnxìn).</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div><p>Below are some examples of common loanwords in the Uyghur language. </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Origin </th> <th>Source word </th> <th>Source (in <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>) </th> <th>Uyghur word </th> <th>Uyghur (in <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">افسوس</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[afˈsuːs]</span></td> <td><i>epsus</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئەپسۇس</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛpsus/</span></td> <td>pity </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">گوشت</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡoːʃt]</span></td> <td><i>gösh</i> <span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl"> گۆش‎</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡøʃ/</span></td> <td>meat </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ساعت</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈsaːʔat]</span></td> <td><i>saet</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">سائەت</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sɑʔɛt/</span></td> <td>hour </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">велосипед</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[vʲɪləsʲɪˈpʲɛt]</span></td> <td><i>wëlsipit</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ۋېلسىپىت</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/welsipit/</span></td> <td>bicycle </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">доктор</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdoktər]</span></td> <td><i>doxtur</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">دوختۇر</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/doχtur/</span></td> <td>doctor (medical) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">поезд</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpo.jɪst]</span></td> <td><i>poyiz</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">پويىز</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pojiz/</span></td> <td>train </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">область</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈobləsʲtʲ]</span></td> <td><i>oblast</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">ئوبلاست</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/oblɑst/</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a>, region </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">телевизор</span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʲɪlʲɪˈvʲizər]</span></td> <td><i>tëlëwizor</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">تېلېۋىزور</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/televizor/</span></td> <td>television set </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">凉粉</span></span>, <i>liángfěn</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[li̯ɑŋ˧˥fən˨˩]</span></td> <td><i>lempung</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">لەڭپۇڭ</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lɛmpuŋ/</span></td> <td>agar-agar jelly </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐</span></span>, <i>dòufu</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tou̯˥˩fu˩]</span></td> <td><i>dufu</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">دۇفۇ</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dufu/</span></td> <td>bean curd/tofu </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">书记</span></span>, <i>shūjì</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂútɕî]</span></td> <td><i>shuji</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">شۇجى</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃud͡ʒi/</span></td> <td>secretary<sup id="cite_ref-Mi_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mi-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">桌子</span></span>, <i>zhuōzi</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈʂwótsɹ̩]</span></td> <td><i>joza</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">جوزا</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒozɑ/</span></td> <td>table<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冰箱</span></span>, <i>bīngxiāng</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[píŋɕjáŋ]</span></td> <td><i>bingshang</i> <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:170%;"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl">بىڭشاڭ</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/biŋʃɑŋ/</span></td> <td>refrigerator<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a sample text in Uyghur of Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> with an English translation. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Uyghur Arabic: </th> <td dir="rtl"><span title="Uyghur-language text"><span lang="ug" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ھەممە ئادەم زاتىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان۔ ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك۔</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uyghur Latin: </th> <td>Hemme adem zatidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghan. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen muamile qilishi kërek. </td></tr> <tr> <th>IPA: </th> <td>/ɦɛm.mɛ ʔɑdɛm zɑtidinlɑ ʔɛrkin, ʔiz.zɛt hørmɛt wɛ ɦoquqtɑ bɑpbɑrɑwɛr bolup tuʁulʁɑn. ʔulɑr ʔɛqilʁɛ wɛ widʒdɑnʁɑ ʔigɛ ɦɛmdɛ bir birigɛ qerindɑʃliq munɑsiwitigɛ χɑs roh bilɛn muʔɑmilɛ qiliʃi kerɛk/ </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>English original:</b> </th> <td>"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ChineseLanguagePolicy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ChineseLanguagePolicy_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHanJohnson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Han, Yawen; Johnson, David Cassels (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193">"Chinese Language Policy and Uyghur Youth: Examining Language Policies and Language Ideologies"</a>. <i>Journal of Language, Identity & Education</i>. <b>20</b> (3): 186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15348458.2020.1753193">10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225676857">225676857</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104203953/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Uyghur". <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Uyghur&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uig">"Uyghur"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226070832/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/uig">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of California Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520255609" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520255609"><bdi>978-0520255609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Thousand+Languages%3A+Living%2C+Endangered%2C+and+Lost&rft.pages=145&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0520255609&rft.aulast=Arik&rft.aufirst=Kagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ3tAqIU0dPsC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClauson1965" class="citation journal cs1">Clauson, Gerard (1965). "Review An Eastern Turki-English Dictionary by Gunnar Jarring". <i>The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>97</b> (1/2): 57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0035869X00123640">10.1017/S0035869X00123640</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25202808">25202808</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163362680">163362680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=Review+An+Eastern+Turki-English+Dictionary+by+Gunnar+Jarring&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163362680%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25202808%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0035869X00123640&rft.aulast=Clauson&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoene2009" class="citation book cs1">Coene, Frederik (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7XuMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75"><i>The Caucasus: An Introduction</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caucasus%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1135203023&rft.aulast=Coene&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7XuMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoene2009" class="citation book cs1">Coene, Frederik (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FqFMmVbfRfEC&pg=PA75"><i>The Caucasus: An Introduction</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). 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Psychology Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36686-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-36686-1"><bdi>978-0-415-36686-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Mystics+in+Turkish+Literature&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-36686-1&rft.au=Mehmet+Fuat+K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC&rft.au=Gary+Leiser&rft.au=Robert+Dankoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_v6IWkCLnEwC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Shaw1878" class="citation book cs1">Robert Shaw (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dw7gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA2"><i>A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...</i></a> p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+the+Turki+Language%3A+As+Spoken+in+Eastern+Turkistan+...&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Robert+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddw7gAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HedinDahlgren1905-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HedinDahlgren1905_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSven_Anders_HedinErik_Wilhelm_DahlgrenAxel_LagreliusNils_Gustaf_Ekholm1905" class="citation book cs1">Sven Anders Hedin; Erik Wilhelm Dahlgren; Axel Lagrelius; Nils Gustaf Ekholm; Karl Gustaf Olsson; Wilhelm Leche; Helge Mattias Bäckström; Harald Johansson (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ug_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA659"><i>Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899–1902: Lop-Nor, by Sven Hedin [1905</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Modular+History%3A+Identity+Maintenance+before+Uyghur+Nationalism&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=632&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021911812000629&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162917965%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thum&rft.aufirst=Rian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1558522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thum2014-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thum2014_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRian_Thum2014" class="citation book cs1">Rian Thum (13 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pP6EBAAAQBAJ&q=tazkirah&pg=PA113"><i>The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-59855-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-59855-3"><bdi>978-0-674-59855-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+Routes+of+Uyghur+History&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft.isbn=978-0-674-59855-3&rft.au=Rian+Thum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpP6EBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtazkirah%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Shaw1878" class="citation book cs1">Robert Shaw (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dw7gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA102"><i>A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...</i></a> pp. <span class="nowrap">102–</span>109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Sketch+of+the+Turki+Language%3A+As+Spoken+in+Eastern+Turkistan+...&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Robert+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddw7gAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storey2002-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Storey2002_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._A._Storey2002" class="citation book cs1">C. A. Storey (February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VleM1pOXgdQC&q=Semyonov+chahars&pg=PA1026"><i>Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 1026. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947593-38-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947593-38-4"><bdi>978-0-947593-38-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Persian+Literature%3A+A+Bio-Bibliographical+Survey&rft.pages=1026&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002-02&rft.isbn=978-0-947593-38-4&rft.au=C.+A.+Storey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVleM1pOXgdQC%26q%3DSemyonov%2Bchahars%26pg%3DPA1026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownOgilvie2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Brown_(linguist)" title="Keith Brown (linguist)">Brown, Keith</a>; Ogilvie, Sarah (2009), "Uyghur", <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World</i>, Elsevier, p. 1143, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7"><bdi>978-0-08-087774-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Uyghur&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Languages+of+the+World&rft.pages=1143&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-08-087774-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Ogilvie%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahn1998">Hahn 1998</a>, p. 379</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitute_of_Muslim_Minority_Affairs1991" class="citation book cs1">Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kd22AAAAIAAJ&q=uighur.+This+designation+of+the+Turkic+language+spoken+in+Xinjiang+was+introduced+in+1921+at+a+meeting+in+Tashkent+in+the+Soviet+Union.+Its+originator+was+the+Soviet+turcologist+SE+Malov.+It+should+thus+be+borne+in+mind+that+the+modem"><i>Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, Volumes 12–13</i></a>. King Abdulaziz University. p. 108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Institute+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs%2C+Volumes+12%E2%80%9313&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=King+Abdulaziz+University&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Institute+of+Muslim+Minority+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkd22AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Duighur.%2BThis%2Bdesignation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BTurkic%2Blanguage%2Bspoken%2Bin%2BXinjiang%2Bwas%2Bintroduced%2Bin%2B1921%2Bat%2Ba%2Bmeeting%2Bin%2BTashkent%2Bin%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2BUnion.%2BIts%2Boriginator%2Bwas%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2Bturcologist%2BSE%2BMalov.%2BIt%2Bshould%2Bthus%2Bbe%2Bborne%2Bin%2Bmind%2Bthat%2Bthe%2Bmodem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReedRaschke2010-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReedRaschke2010_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReedDiana_Raschke2010" class="citation book cs1">Reed, J. Todd; Diana Raschke (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5I2b_hrJO8sC&q=anachoristic+uyghur&pg=PA7"><i>The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36540-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36540-9"><bdi>978-0-313-36540-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ETIM%3A+China%27s+Islamic+Militants+and+the+Global+Terrorist+Threat&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36540-9&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=J.+Todd&rft.au=Diana+Raschke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5I2b_hrJO8sC%26q%3Danachoristic%2Buyghur%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levey2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levey2006_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_S._Levey2006" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin S. Levey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AzEeAQAAMAAJ&q=scholars+may+view+the+application+of+the+term+%22Uyghur%22+to+people+in+the+early+nineteenth+century+to+be+an+anachronism.+For+instance,+James+Millward+avoids+the+term+%22Uyghur%22+in+Beyond+the+Pass,"><i>Education in Xinjiang, 1884–1928</i></a>. Indiana University. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+in+Xinjiang%2C+1884%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Benjamin+S.+Levey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAzEeAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dscholars%2Bmay%2Bview%2Bthe%2Bapplication%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bterm%2B%2522Uyghur%2522%2Bto%2Bpeople%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bearly%2Bnineteenth%2Bcentury%2Bto%2Bbe%2Ban%2Banachronism.%2BFor%2Binstance%2C%2BJames%2BMillward%2Bavoids%2Bthe%2Bterm%2B%2522Uyghur%2522%2Bin%2BBeyond%2Bthe%2BPass%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herzig2014-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herzig2014_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmund_Herzig2014" class="citation book cs1">Edmund Herzig (30 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ML2bBQAAQBAJ&q=anachoristic+uyghur&pg=PA23"><i>The Age of the Seljuqs</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-947-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-947-9"><bdi>978-1-78076-947-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Seljuqs&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014-11-30&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-947-9&rft.au=Edmund+Herzig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DML2bBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Danachoristic%2Buyghur%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brophy2016-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brophy2016_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrophy2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Brophy_(historian)" title="David Brophy (historian)">Brophy, David</a> (4 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84bPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT230"><i>Uyghur Nation</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97046-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97046-5"><bdi>978-0-674-97046-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uyghur+Nation&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft.isbn=978-0-674-97046-5&rft.aulast=Brophy&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84bPCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10481">"Did you know Lopnor Uighur is critically endangered?"</a>. <i>Endangered Languages</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230616125803/https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10481">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endangered+Languages&rft.atitle=Did+you+know+Lopnor+Uighur+is+critically+endangered%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.endangeredlanguages.com%2Flang%2F10481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYakup2005">Yakup 2005</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHahn1991">Hahn 1991</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dwyer.2005.12-132-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dwyer.2005.12-132_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dwyer.2005.12-132_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDwyer2005">Dwyer 2005</a>, pp. 12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Garry F.; Fennig, Charles D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180124/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=uig">"Uyghur"</a>. <i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Uyghur&rft.aulast=Eberhard&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.au=Simons%2C+Garry+F.&rft.au=Fennig%2C+Charles+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.org%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Duig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHann2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hann, Chris (2011). 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University of Helsinki. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10138%2F136392">10138/136392</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-51-0384-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-51-0384-0"><bdi>978-951-51-0384-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Lopnor+Dialect+of+Uyghur%3A+A+Descriptive+Analysis&rft.degree=Doctoral&rft.inst=University+of+Helsinki&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10138%2F136392&rft.isbn=978-951-51-0384-0&rft.aulast=Abdurehim&rft.aufirst=Esmael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuvalJanbaz2006" class="citation conference cs1">Duval, Jean Rahman; Janbaz, Waris Abdukerim (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061022113840/http://www.uyghurdictionary.org/excerpts/An%20Introduction%20to%20LSU.pdf"><i>An Introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2006 Middle East & Central Asia Politics, Economics, and Society Conference. Sept 7 – 9, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uyghurdictionary.org/excerpts/An%20Introduction%20to%20LSU.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Latin-Script+Uyghur&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Duval&rft.aufirst=Jean+Rahman&rft.au=Janbaz%2C+Waris+Abdukerim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uyghurdictionary.org%2Fexcerpts%2FAn%2520Introduction%2520to%2520LSU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2001" class="citation book cs1">Dwyer, Arienne (2001). "Uyghur". In Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (eds.). <i>Facts About the World's Languages</i>. H. W. Wilson. pp. <span class="nowrap">786–</span>790. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0970-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8242-0970-4"><bdi>978-0-8242-0970-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Uyghur&rft.btitle=Facts+About+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E786-%3C%2Fspan%3E790&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8242-0970-4&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Arienne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngesæthYakupDwyer2009" class="citation book cs1">Engesæth, Tarjei; Yakup, Mahire; Dwyer, Arienne (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401001721/http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/5624/3/EngYakDwy2009_Uyg1full_10.pdf"><i>Greetings from the Teklimakan: A Handbook of Modern Uyghur, Volume 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence</a>: University of Kansas Scholarworks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936153-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936153-03-9"><bdi>978-1-936153-03-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/5624/3/EngYakDwy2009_Uyg1full_10.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greetings+from+the+Teklimakan%3A+A+Handbook+of+Modern+Uyghur%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=University+of+Kansas+Scholarworks&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-936153-03-9&rft.aulast=Enges%C3%A6th&rft.aufirst=Tarjei&rft.au=Yakup%2C+Mahire&rft.au=Dwyer%2C+Arienne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkuscholarworks.ku.edu%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F1808%2F5624%2F3%2FEngYakDwy2009_Uyg1full_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1991" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). <i>Spoken Uyghur</i>. London: University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98651-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98651-7"><bdi>978-0-295-98651-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spoken+Uyghur&rft.place=London&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98651-7&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Reinhard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1998" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Reinhard F. (1998). "Uyghur". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (eds.). <i>The Turkic Languages</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">379–</span>396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08200-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08200-6"><bdi>978-0-415-08200-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Uyghur&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E379-%3C%2Fspan%3E396&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-08200-6&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Reinhard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanson1998" class="citation book cs1">Johanson, Lars (1998). "History of Turkic". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (eds.). <i>The Turkic Languages</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">81–</span>125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08200-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08200-6"><bdi>978-0-415-08200-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Turkic&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+Languages&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-08200-6&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaux2001" class="citation web cs1">Vaux, Bert (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060208045946/http://www.uwm.edu/~vaux/uyghur.pdf">"Disharmony and Derived Transparency in Uyghur Vowel Harmony"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge: Harvard University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwm.edu/~vaux/uyghur.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 February 2006 – via uwm.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disharmony+and+Derived+Transparency+in+Uyghur+Vowel+Harmony&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Vaux&rft.aufirst=Bert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwm.edu%2F~vaux%2Fuyghur.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTömür2003" class="citation book cs1">Tömür, Hamüt (2003). <i>Modern Uyghur Grammar (Morphology)</i>. Translated by Lee, Anne. İstanbul: Yıldız. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/975-7981-20-6" title="Special:BookSources/975-7981-20-6"><bdi>975-7981-20-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Uyghur+Grammar+%28Morphology%29&rft.place=%C4%B0stanbul&rft.pub=Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=975-7981-20-6&rft.aulast=T%C3%B6m%C3%BCr&rft.aufirst=Ham%C3%BCt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakup2005" class="citation book cs1">Yakup, Abdurishid (2005). <i>The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-05233-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-05233-3"><bdi>3-447-05233-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turfan+Dialect+of+Uyghur&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-447-05233-3&rft.aulast=Yakup&rft.aufirst=Abdurishid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Uyghur language</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Uyghur+language">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Uyghur+language&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamutJoniak-Lüthi2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hamut, Bahargül; Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka (2015). "The Language Choices and Script Debates among the Uyghur in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China". <i>Linguistik Online</i>. <b>70</b>: <span class="nowrap">111–</span>124. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.7380">10.1.1.692.7380</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linguistik+Online&rft.atitle=The+Language+Choices+and+Script+Debates+among+the+Uyghur+in+Xinjiang+Uyghur+Autonomous+Region%2C+China&rft.volume=70&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.7380%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Hamut&rft.aufirst=Baharg%C3%BCl&rft.au=Joniak-L%C3%BCthi%2C+Agnieszka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUyghur+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Uyghur" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Uyghur">Uyghur</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ug:"> Uyghur edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uyghur_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uyghur language">Uyghur language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Uyghur_phrasebook#Q13263" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Uyghur phrasebook">Uyghur phrasebook</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textbooks">Textbooks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Textbooks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(free to use) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uygur.com/category/uygur-tili">UYGUR.COM - ئۇيغۇر تورى </a></li> <li>(free to use) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kutuphana.uygur.com">UYGUR KUTUPHANISI - ئۇيغۇر كۇتۇپخانىسى </a></li> <li>(free to use) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.uygur.com">UYGUR RESEARCH LIBRARY </a></li></ul> <ul><li>(free to use) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/5624">Greetings from the Teklimakan: a handbook of Modern Uyghur</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictionaries">Dictionaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Dictionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.uygur.com/category/uygur-english-kespi-atalghular-lughiti">Wiki.UYGUR.COM - ئۇيغۇر قامۇسى</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uighurdictionary.com/">Uyghur-English Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dict.yulghun.com">Online Uyghur, English, Chinese Multi-directional Dictionary (Arabic Alphabet)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uyghurche.com">Uyghur–Chinese Dictionary</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122140018/http://www.tilmach.cn/">丝路语通 Online Uyghur–Chinese Dictionary and translation services</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anasoz.com">Uyghur English Dictionary (in Uyghur Latin, Arabic and Cyrillic scripts) </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radio.uyghur.tv/">Uyghur Radio - ئۇيغۇر رادىئوسى</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trt.net.tr/international/news.aspx?Dil=uy">TRT: Uyghur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uygur.chinabroadcast.cn/">Uyghur edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228152348/http://uygur.chinabroadcast.cn/">Archived</a> 28 February 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uyghur.tv">UYGHUR.TV - ئۇيغۇر تېلېۋىزىيىسى</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uyghur.cntv.cn/">Uyghur edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226000210/http://uyghur.cntv.cn/">Archived</a> 26 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonts">Fonts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fonts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wazu.jp/gallery/Fonts_Uighur.html">Arabic Uyghur in different fonts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukij.org/fonts/">Unicode based TrueType/OpenType fonts of the Uyghur Computer Science Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanizations">Romanizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Romanizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> The full text of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Uighur_romanization_table" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Uighur romanization table">Uighur romanization table</a> at Wikisource, published by the Library of Congress.</li> <li>Transliteration of Minority-Language Place Names Using Hanyu Pinyin Letters (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法</span></span>)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/12/20150112161436994.pdf">[1]</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li>Uyghur Scripts Latinization Project (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">维吾尔文拉丁化方案</span></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131201102602/http://www.xjyw.gov.cn/Web/article.aspx?ArticleID=1088">[2]</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Uyghur_language" title="Template talk:Uyghur language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Uyghur_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Uyghur language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uyghur_language19" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Alphabets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet" title="Uyghur Latin alphabet">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_New_Script" title="Uyghur New Script">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_dialects" title="Uyghur dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_grammar" title="Uyghur grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_phonology" title="Uyghur phonology">Phonology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_languages360" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_languages" title="Template talk:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_languages360" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language"><i>Proto-Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/200px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/300px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png/400px-Turkic_Languages_distribution_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="881" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages">Argu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages"><i>Argu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoton_language" title="Khoton language"><i>Khoton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Old</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language"><i>Chagatai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language"><i>Karakhanid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezmian_Turkic" title="Khorezmian Turkic"><i>Khorezmian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaibak_dialect" title="Nagaibak dialect">Nagaibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Tatar"><i>Old Tatar</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language"><i>Armeno-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language"><i>Cuman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk-Kipchak_language" title="Mamluk-Kipchak language"><i>Mamluk-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyz</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_Kipchak_language" title="Fergana Kipchak language"><i>Fergana Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Kyrgyz_dialect" title="Pamir Kyrgyz dialect">Pamir Kyrgyz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_dialect" title="Baraba dialect">Baraba</a></li> <li>Tom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telengit_language" title="Telengit language">Telengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleut_language" title="Teleut language">Teleut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nogai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar" title="Dobrujan Tatar">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobol-Irtysh_dialect" title="Tobol-Irtysh dialect">Tobol-Irtysh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trukhmen_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Trukhmen dialect">Trukhmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turkic" title="Chaharmahali Turkic">Chaharmahali Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonqori_dialect" title="Sonqori dialect">Sonqori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#North_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">North Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#South_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">South Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajem-Turkic" title="Ajem-Turkic"><i>Ajem-Turkic</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Gagauz_language" title="Balkan Gagauz language">Balkan Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs#Language" title="Karapapakhs"><i>Karapapakh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish"><i>Karamanli Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish"><i>Old Anatolian Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish"><i>Ottoman Turkish</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Chulym_dialect" title="Lower Chulym dialect"><i>Lower Chulym</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_language" title="Dukhan language">Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot_language" title="Soyot language">Soyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yenisei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkan_language" title="Chelkan language">Chelkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandin_language" title="Kumandin language">Kumandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalar_language" title="Tubalar language">Tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur"><i>Old Uyghur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkhon Turkic language"><i>Orkhon Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language"><i>Bulgar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputed classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language"><i>Khazar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language"><i>Pecheneg</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially Turkic languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)#Language" title="Di (Five Barbarians)"><i>Di</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_language" title="Hunnic language"><i>Hunnic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language"><i>Jie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars#Language" title="Pannonian Avars"><i>Pannonian Avar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language"><i>Tuoba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun#Language" title="Wusun"><i>Wusun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu_language" title="Xiongnu language"><i>Xiongnu</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbet_language" title="Kurbet language">Kurbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_China222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_China" title="Template talk:Languages of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_China222" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">ARs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SARs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a><sup><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Cantonese" title="Hong Kong Cantonese">HK</a>/MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English" title="Hong Kong English">English</a><sup><b>HK</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="Mongolian language in Inner Mongolia">Mongolian</a><sup><b>NM</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Portuguese" title="Macanese Portuguese">Portuguese</a><sup><b>MC</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a><sup><b>XZ</b></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur</a><sup><b>XJ</b></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a><sup><b>GX</b></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_prefectures_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous prefectures of China">Prefecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language_in_China" title="Korean language in China">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people#Language" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Zhuang" title="Standard Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of China">Counties</a>/<a href="/wiki/Banners_of_Inner_Mongolia#Autonomous_banner" title="Banners of Inner Mongolia">Banners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">numerous</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sino-Tibetan_languages41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-<br />Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maang_language" title="Maang language">Maang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_language_(China)" title="Manga language (China)">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango_language_(China)" title="Mango language (China)">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maza_language" title="Maza language">Maza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantsi_language" title="Mantsi language">Mondzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muangphe_language" title="Muangphe language">Muangphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiandao_dialect" title="Xiandao dialect">Xiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pela_language" title="Pela language">Pela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashan_language" title="Chashan language">Chashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Loloish_languages" title="Southern Loloish languages">Hanoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amu_language" title="Amu language">Amu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angluo_language" title="Angluo language">Angluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuo_language" title="Asuo language">Asuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baihong_language" title="Baihong language">Baihong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_language_(China)" title="Budu language (China)">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukong_language" title="Bukong language">Bukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosao_language" title="Cosao language">Cosao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duoni_language" title="Duoni language">Duoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duota_language" title="Duota language">Duota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enu_language" title="Enu language">Enu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habei_language" title="Habei language">Habei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_language" title="Hani language">Hani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honi_language" title="Honi language">Honi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jino_language" title="Jino language">Jino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabi_language" title="Khabi language">Kabie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduo_language" title="Kaduo language">Kaduo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lami_language" title="Lami language">Lami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_language" title="Mpi language">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muda_language" title="Muda language">Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuobi_language" title="Nuobi language">Nuobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuomei_language" title="Nuomei language">Nuomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phana%CA%BC_language" title="Phanaʼ language">Phana’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyo_language" title="Piyo language">Piyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidi_language" title="Qidi language">Qidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadu_language" title="Sadu language">Sadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangkong_language" title="Sangkong language">Sangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suobi_language" title="Suobi language">Suobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukong_language" title="Tsukong language">Tsukong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woni_language" title="Woni language">Woni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiche_language" title="Yiche language">Yiche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lisoish_languages" title="Lisoish languages">Lisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eka_language" title="Eka language">Eka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlersu_language" title="Hlersu language">Hlersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kua-nsi_language" title="Kua-nsi language">Kua-nsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuamasi_language" title="Kuamasi language">Kuamasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizisi_language" title="Laizisi language">Laizisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_language" title="Lalo language">Lalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamu_language" title="Lamu language">Lamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavu_language" title="Lavu language">Lavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawu_language" title="Lawu language">Lawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limi_language" title="Limi language">Limi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipo_language" title="Lipo language">Lipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolopo_language" title="Lolopo language">Lolopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangdi_language" title="Mangdi language">Mangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha_language" title="Micha language">Micha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mili_language" title="Mili language">Mili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonaga_language" title="Sonaga language">Sonaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholo_language" title="Tholo language">Toloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhang_language" title="Xuzhang language">Xuzhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangliu_language" title="Yangliu language">Yangliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibusi_language" title="Zibusi language">Zibusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nisoish_languages" title="Nisoish languages">Nisoish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alingpo_language" title="Alingpo language">Alingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Alugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluo_language" title="Aluo language">Aluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axi_language" title="Axi language">Axi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azha_language" title="Azha language">Azha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhe_language" title="Azhe language">Azhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Bokha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepo_language" title="Gepo language">Gepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khlula_language" title="Khlula language">Khlula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_language" title="Lope language">Lope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moji_language" title="Moji language">Moji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzi_language" title="Muzi language">Muzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasu_language" title="Nasu language">Nasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisu_language" title="Nisu language">Nisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phola_language" title="Phola language">Phola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa_language" title="Phowa language">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Phukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuma language">Phuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phupha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phupha_language" title="Phupha language">Phuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samei_language" title="Samei language">Samei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sani_language" title="Sani language">Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thopho_language" title="Thopho language">Thopho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zokhuo_language" title="Zokhuo language">Zokhuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokhy_language" title="Gokhy language">Gokhy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katso_language" title="Katso language">Katso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong_language" title="Kucong language">Kucong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruo_language" title="Naruo language">Naruo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_language" title="Samu language">Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanie_language" title="Sanie language">Sanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zauzou_language" title="Zauzou language">Zauzou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choyo_language" title="Choyo language">Choyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_language" title="Ersu language">Ersu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiqiong_language" title="Guiqiong language">Guiqiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horpa_language" title="Horpa language">Horpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhug_language" title="Japhug language">Japhug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khroskyabs_language" title="Khroskyabs language">Khroskyabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laze_language" title="Laze language">Laze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizu_language" title="Lizu language">Lizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_language" title="Na language">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muya_language" title="Muya language">Muya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuyi_language" title="Namuyi language">Namuyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxi_language" title="Naxi language">Naxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumi_language" title="Pumi language">Pumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Qiang_language" title="Northern Qiang language">Northern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Qiang_language" title="Southern Qiang language">Southern Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixing_language" title="Shixing language">Shixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situ_language" title="Situ language">Situ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshobdun_language" title="Tshobdun language">Tshobdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbu_language" title="Zbu language">Zbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaba_language" title="Zhaba language">Zhaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdo_Tibetan" title="Amdo Tibetan">Amdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baima_language" title="Baima language">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan" title="Central Tibetan">Central Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choni_language" title="Choni language">Choni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_language_(China)" title="Dao language (China)">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongwang_Tibetan_language" title="Dongwang Tibetan language">Dongwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugchu_language" title="Drugchu language">Drugchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groma_language" title="Groma language">Groma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gserpa_language" title="Gserpa language">Gserpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalong_Tibetan_language" title="Khalong Tibetan language">Khalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khams_Tibetan" title="Khams Tibetan">Khams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tseku_language" title="Tseku language">Tseku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongu_Tibetan_language" title="Zhongu Tibetan language">Zhongu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zitsadegu_language" title="Zitsadegu language">Zitsadegu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Derung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nung_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Nung language (Sino-Tibetan)">Nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_Chinese" title="Waxiang Chinese">Waxianghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_languages41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bit_language" title="Bit language">Bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Bugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumang_language" title="Bumang language">Bumang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuan_language" title="Kuan language">Kuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A3ng_language" title="Mảng language">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Met_language" title="Man Met language">Man Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muak_language" title="Muak language">Muak Sa-aak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_language" title="U language">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va_language" title="Va language">Va</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmongic_languages" title="Hmongic languages">Hmongic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Hmao_language" title="A-Hmao language">A-Hmao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu-Nao_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu-Nao languages">Bu-Nao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_language" title="Gejia language">Gejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang_Miao_language" title="Guiyang Miao language">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hm_Nai_language" title="Hm Nai language">Hm Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmu_language" title="Hmu language">Hmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huishui_Miao_language" title="Huishui Miao language">Huishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiong_Nai_language" title="Kiong Nai language">Kiong Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luobohe_Miao_language" title="Luobohe Miao language">Luobohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashan_Miao_language" title="Mashan Miao language">Mashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-Hng_language" title="Pa-Hng language">Pa-Hng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Na_language" title="Pa Na language">Pa Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtang_Miao_language" title="Pingtang Miao language">Pingtang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xong_language" title="Xong language">Qo Xiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raojia_language" title="Raojia language">Raojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_language" title="She language">Sheyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gha-Mu_language" title="Gha-Mu language">Small Flowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixiu_Miao_language" title="Xixiu Miao language">Xixiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younuo_language" title="Younuo language">Younuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mienic_languages" title="Mienic languages">Mienic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biao_Min_language" title="Biao Min language">Biao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzao_Min_language" title="Dzao Min language">Dzao Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Mun_language" title="Kim Mun language">Kim Mun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_language" title="Bonan language">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagur_language" title="Dagur language">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern Yugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamnigan_Mongol" title="Khamnigan Mongol">Khamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_language" title="Monguor language">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongolian" title="Ordos Mongolian">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_language" title="Santa language">Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torgut_Oirat" title="Torgut Oirat">Torgut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra-Dai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kra-Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Zhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_language" title="Bouyei language">Bouyei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Zhuang_language" title="Dai Zhuang language">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Zhuang_language" title="Min Zhuang language">Min</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_languages" title="Zhuang languages">Ningming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nong_Zhuang_language" title="Nong Zhuang language">Nong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_language" title="Tai Dón language">Tai Dón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Hongjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nüa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ya_language" title="Tai Ya language">Tai Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhuang_language" title="Yang Zhuang language">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yei_Zhuang_language" title="Yei Zhuang language">Yei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai-Cham_language" title="Ai-Cham language">Ai-Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biao_language" title="Biao language">Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_language" title="Buyang language">Buyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Miao_language" title="Cao Miao language">Cao Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadong_language" title="Chadong language">Chadong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cun_language" title="Cun language">Cun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_languages" title="Gelao languages">Gelao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamao_language" title="Jiamao language">Jiamao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam_language" title="Kam language">Kam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkia_language" title="Lakkia language">Lakkja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_language" title="Mak language">Mak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maonan_language" title="Maonan language">Maonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulam_language" title="Mulam language">Mulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuoxi_language" title="Nuoxi language">Naxi Yao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_languages" title="Be languages">Ong Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paha_language" title="Paha language">Paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_language" title="Qabiao language">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_language" title="Sui language">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Then_language" title="Then language">Then</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanai_language" title="Nanai language">Nanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_language" title="Oroqen language">Oroqen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibe_language" title="Xibe language">Xibe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a> <small>(Indo-European)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> <small>(Austronesian)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_in_China" title="Esperanto in China">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (Kinh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Varieties of<br />Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou_dialect" title="Danzhou dialect">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Mandarin_(division_of_Mandarin)" title="Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilu_Mandarin" title="Jilu Mandarin">Ji-Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiao-Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Zhongyuan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanyin_Mandarin" title="Lanyin Mandarin">Lan-Yin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuanese_dialects" title="Sichuanese dialects">Sichuanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Yangtze_Mandarin" title="Lower Yangtze Mandarin">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou_Chinese" title="Huizhou Chinese">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Chinese" title="Mai Chinese">Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_Min" title="Teochew Min">Teoswa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E2%80%93Xian_Min" title="Pu–Xian Min">Puxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Min" title="Central Min">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Min" title="Northern Min">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao%E2%80%93Jiang_Min" title="Shao–Jiang Min">Shaojiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaozhou_Tuhua" title="Shaozhou Tuhua">Shaozhou Tuhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She_Chinese" title="She Chinese">Shehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu%E2%80%93Qu_Wu" title="Chu–Qu Wu">Chu–Qu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan_dialect" title="Jiangshan dialect">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtian_dialect" title="Qingtian dialect">Qingtian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou_dialect" title="Quzhou dialect">Quzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhounese" title="Wenzhounese">Oujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihu_Wu" title="Taihu Wu">Taihu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_dialect" title="Jinxiang dialect">Jinxiang</a></li> <li>Northwestern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou_dialect" title="Changzhou dialect">Changzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_dialect" title="Hangzhou dialect">Hangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li>Northern Zhejiang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo_dialect" title="Ningbo dialect">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_dialect" title="Shaoxing dialect">Shaoxing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Su–Jia–Hu <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_dialect" title="Suzhou dialect">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi_dialect" title="Wuxi dialect">Wuxi</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_Wu" title="Taizhou Wu">Taizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou proper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou_Wu" title="Wuzhou Wu">Wuzhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua_dialect" title="Jinhua dialect">Jinhua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzhou_Wu_Chinese" title="Xuanzhou Wu Chinese">Xuanzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Chinese" title="Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Xiang" title="New Xiang">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Xiang" title="Old Xiang">Old</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creole/Mixed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E_language" title="E language">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linglinghua" title="Linglinghua">Lingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_Patois" title="Macanese Patois">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maojia_dialect" title="Maojia dialect">Maojia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanqiao_language" title="Sanqiao language">Sanqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangwang_language" title="Tangwang language">Tangwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wutun_language" title="Wutun language">Wutun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%E2%80%93Shu_Chinese" title="Ba–Shu Chinese">Ba–Shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language">Jie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_language" title="Khitan language">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yue_language" title="Old Yue language">Old Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_language" title="Rouran language">Rouran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saka_language" title="Saka language">Saka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_language" title="Tangut language">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_languages" title="Tocharian languages">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun_language" title="Tuyuhun language">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei#Language" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language" title="Zhang-Zhung language">Zhangzhung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>GX = Guangxi</li> <li>HK = Hong Kong</li> <li>MC = Macau</li> <li>NM = Inner Mongolia</li> <li>XJ = Xinjiang</li> <li>XZ = Tibet</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Kazakhstan77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template talk:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Kazakhstan77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kazakhstan" title="Languages of Kazakhstan">Languages of Kazakhstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Template talk:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Kyrgyzstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Languages of Kyrgyzstan">Languages of Kyrgyzstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungan_language" title="Dungan language">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-mar" title="Koryo-mar">Koryo-mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyk_language" title="Sart Kalmyk language">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Uzbekistan94" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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language">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uyghur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata876" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4122009-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85139320">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573971">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000197685&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558579305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02741471X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&oldid=1276635576">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uyghur_language&oldid=1276635576</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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