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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> 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</form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Tersamiska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Tersamiska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Tersamiska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Tersamiska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_talade_språket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_talade_språket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Det talade språket</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Det_talade_språket-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Det talade språket</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Det_talade_språket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ljudsystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ljudsystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ljudsystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ljudsystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Grammatik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordförråd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordförråd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ordförråd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordförråd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skriftspråk_och_skriftliga_källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skriftspråk_och_skriftliga_källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skriftspråk och skriftliga källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skriftspråk_och_skriftliga_källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tersamiska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 40 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarjes%C3%A4mikiel%C3%A2" title="Tarjesämikielâ – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tarjesämikielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ter_sami" title="Idioma ter sami – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma ter sami" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Церская саамская мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Церская саамская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тер-саамски език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тер-саамски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samieg_Ter" title="Samieg Ter – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Samieg Ter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_de_Ter" title="Sami de Ter – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sami de Ter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tersk%C3%A1_s%C3%A1m%C5%A1tina" title="Terská sámština – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terská sámština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjjes%C3%A1megiella" title="Darjjesámegiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Darjjesámegiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tersamische_Sprache" title="Tersamische Sprache – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tersamische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turjasaami_keel" title="Turjasaami keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turjasaami keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ter Sámi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Тер-саамонь кель – erjya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тер-саамонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erjya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_ter" title="Sami ter – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sami ter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter-samea_lingvo" title="Ter-samea lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ter-samea lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="زبان سامی تر – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان سامی تر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_Sami" title="Ter Sami – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ter Sami" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_de_Ter" title="Same de Ter – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Same de Ter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_saami_de_Ter" title="Lingua saami de Ter – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua saami de Ter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4_%EC%82%AC%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4" title="테르 사미어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테르 사미어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terskolaponski_jezik" title="Terskolaponski jezik – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Terskolaponski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sami_Ter" title="Bahasa Sami Ter – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Sami Ter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_sami_di_Ter" title="Lingua sami di Ter – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua sami di Ter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisaami_cha_Ter" title="Kisaami cha Ter – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kisaami cha Ter" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terio_sami%C5%B3_kalba" title="Terio samių kalba – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Terio samių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turjansaamen_kieli" title="Turjansaamen kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turjansaamen kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Терсколапонски јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Терсколапонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter-Samisch" title="Ter-Samisch – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ter-Samisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="テル・サーミ語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テル・サーミ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tersamisk" title="Tersamisk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tersamisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tersamisk" title="Tersamisk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tersamisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Saami,_Ter" title="Lenga Saami, Ter – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Saami, Ter" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_ter" title="Język ter – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język ter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_lap%C3%B4nica_de_Ter" title="Língua lapônica de Ter – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua lapônica de Ter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Йоканьгско-саамский язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоканьгско-саамский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_Sami_leid" title="Ter Sami leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ter Sami leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turjansaame" title="Turjansaame – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turjansaame" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Забони сомии тер – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони сомии тер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter_Samice" title="Ter Samice – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ter Samice" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tere_samiu_kalba" title="Tere samiu kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tere samiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E7%B1%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="特爾薩米語 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特爾薩米語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tersamiska" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Tersamiska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;">(са̄мь кӣлл) saa´mekiill</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style="">östra <a href="/wiki/Kolahalv%C3%B6n" title="Kolahalvön">Kolahalvön</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">2</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Status</th><td class="" style="">akut hotat</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><b>Tersamiska</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sjt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sjt">sjt</a></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Andra språkkoder</th><td class="" style="">saT<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sami_languages_large.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sami_languages_large.png/250px-Sami_languages_large.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sami_languages_large.png/375px-Sami_languages_large.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Sami_languages_large.png/500px-Sami_languages_large.png 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption>Karta över samiska språk. Tersamiskan är nummer 9</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tersamiska</b> är det östligaste av de <a href="/wiki/Samiska" title="Samiska">samiska</a> språken. Språket talades traditionellt på <a href="/wiki/Kolahalv%C3%B6n" title="Kolahalvön">Kolahalvöns</a> nordostsida, men det är nu ett nästan <a href="/wiki/Utd%C3%B6tt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Utdött språk">utdött språk</a>. Tersamiska bedöms 2008 ha talats endast av tio äldre personer.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tidningen <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a> angav att det endast fanns två tersamisktalande kvar 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tersamiska räknas med <a href="/wiki/Kildinsamiska" title="Kildinsamiska">kildinsamiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skoltsamiska" title="Skoltsamiska">skoltsamiska</a>, och <a href="/wiki/Enaresamiska" title="Enaresamiska">enaresamiska</a> till den <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96stsamiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Östsamiska [inte skriven än]">östsamiska</a> språkgruppen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolasamiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolasamiska [inte skriven än]">Kolasamiska</a> utesluter enaresamiskan och är en förekommande geografisk beteckning med försök till gemensam <a href="/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi">ortografi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ottar_fr%C3%A5n_H%C3%A5logaland" title="Ottar från Hålogaland">Ottar från Hålogaland</a> nämner folkslaget <i><a href="/wiki/Terfinnar" class="mw-redirect" title="Terfinnar">terfinnar</a></i> i sin berättelse om hur han någon gång mellan 870 och 890 seglade österut längs kusten från <a href="/wiki/Troms_fylke" title="Troms fylke">Troms</a> till <a href="/wiki/Vita_Havet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vita Havet">Vita Havet</a>. </p><p>I slutet på 1800-talet fanns det sex tersamiska byar på östra delen av Kolahalvön, med en total befolkning om runt 450 personer. Numera finns bara omkring 100 etniska tersamer, av vilka tio äldre personer talar språket. Resten har gått över till <a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De ryska samernas huvudnäringar har genom tiderna varit <a href="/wiki/Fiske" title="Fiske">fiske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakt" title="Jakt">jakt</a> och <a href="/wiki/Rensk%C3%B6tsel" title="Renskötsel">renskötsel</a>, gärna i kombination. Sålunda berodde den snabba nedgången av antalet talare på den allmänna <a href="/wiki/Kollektivisering" title="Kollektivisering">kollektiviseringen</a> med <a href="/wiki/Kollektivjordbruk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollektivjordbruk">kollektivjordbruken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolchos" title="Kolchos">kolchoserna</a> på 1930-talet, under vilken användningen av egna språket var förbjudet i skolor och hem. 1957 förklarades den största tersamiska byn <i>Jokanga</i> bland många andra för "utsiktslös" och invånarna <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">tvångsförflyttades</a> 1964 till <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Militärbas">militärbasen</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ostrovnoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ostrovnoj [inte skriven än]">Gremicha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Det_talade_språket"><span id="Det_talade_spr.C3.A5ket"></span>Det talade språket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Det talade språket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Det talade språket"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Övergången mellan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolasamiska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolasamiska [inte skriven än]">kolasamiska</a> språken är flytande. Generellt bildar de samiska språken från <a href="/wiki/Idre" title="Idre">Idre</a> till <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponoi [inte skriven än]">Ponoi</a> på Kolahalvön en tämligen fortlöpande kedja med successiva förändringar. Det är oftast möjligt att förstå språket i det angränsande området. En skarpare gräns mellan närliggande <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> går dock vid skoltsamiska och <a href="/wiki/Nordsamiska" title="Nordsamiska">nordsamiska</a>, så att en same från Kolahalvön inte med behållning kan tala samiska med en same från <a href="/wiki/Jokkmokk" title="Jokkmokk">Jokkmokk</a> och söderut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ljudsystem">Ljudsystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ljudsystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ljudsystem"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tersamiskan har likt övriga samespråken ett rikt ljudsystem och många ljudväxlingar. Östsamiska språken har ett bakre i-<a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a>, som påminner om ett ryskt "Ы" och är särskilt vanligt i tersamiskan. Detta fonem finns även i <a href="/wiki/Sydsamiska" title="Sydsamiska">sydsamiskan</a> som ett "Ï". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grammatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grammatik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tersamiskan har mycket gemensamt med övriga samiska språk. Notabelt är att den har två extra <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partitiv" title="Partitiv">partitiv</a> och <a href="/wiki/Abessiv" title="Abessiv">abessiv</a>, förutom nordsamiskans övriga sex kasus.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordförråd"><span id="Ordf.C3.B6rr.C3.A5d"></span>Ordförråd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ordförråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ordförråd"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De samiska språken innehåller en mängd lånord från grannspråken och tersamiskan åtskilliga från <a href="/wiki/Ryska" title="Ryska">ryska</a>. Givetvis finns en rik terminologi från näringarna, främst renskötseln, naturförutsättningar som <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%B6" title="Snö">snö</a> och det <a href="/wiki/Nomader" title="Nomader">nomadiserande</a> livet. Härtill kommer ett rikt system av ändelser som modifierar en ordstams betydelse.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Likväl går det att ge exempel på regelbundna skillnader mellan olika samiska språkvarianterna (i nordsamisk ortografi)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>Svenska</td> <td>fågel</td> <td>att köra</td> <td>jag kommer </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Tersamiska</th> <th>lo´nde</th> <th>vyy´jjed</th> <th>poadam </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Kildinsamiska</td> <td>lå´nd</td> <td>vuu´jjeđ</td> <td>poadam </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Skoltsamiska</th> <th>lå´dd</th> <th>vue´jjed</th> <th>puädam </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Enaresamiska</td> <td>lodde</td> <td>vyeijiđ</td> <td>poađám </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Nordsamiska</th> <th>loddi</th> <th>vuodjit</th> <th>boađán </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Lulesamiska</td> <td>lådde</td> <td>vuodjet</td> <td>boadáv </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Pitesamiska</th> <th>lådde</th> <th>vuojjet</th> <th>bådáv </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Sydsamiska</td> <td>ledtie</td> <td>vuejedh</td> <td>båatam </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skriftspråk_och_skriftliga_källor"><span id="Skriftspr.C3.A5k_och_skriftliga_k.C3.A4llor"></span>Skriftspråk och skriftliga källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Skriftspråk och skriftliga källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Skriftspråk och skriftliga källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det saknas undervisningsmaterial eller faciliteter på tersamiska och språket har ännu ingen egen standardiserad <a href="/wiki/Ortografi" title="Ortografi">ortografi</a>. Språket är ofullständigt studerat och dokumenterat. Vissa textprov, audio-upptagningar och lexikon för lingvistiska ändamål finns dock<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, men någon <a href="/wiki/Grammatik" title="Grammatik">grammatisk</a> beskrivning finns inte. </p><p>I dag finns sex stycken samiska skriftspråk i bruk, vilka har stabiliserats i olika grad. De östsamiska språken började användas som skriftspråk först på 1850-talet. Under 1930-talet utvecklades ett <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolasamiska_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolasamiska språk [inte skriven än]">kolasamiskt</a> skriftspråk först på basis av <a href="/wiki/Latinska_alfabetet" title="Latinska alfabetet">latinska alfabetet</a>. Detta skriftspråk byggde på den skoltsamiska dialektgruppen, som då var den största och geografiskt mest centrala. På grund av den sovjetiska språkpolitiken kom dock det latinska alfabetet ur bruk efter <a href="/wiki/Andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Andra världskriget">andra världskriget</a>. För kolasamisk skrift utvecklades därför en ortografi baserad på <a href="/wiki/Kyrillisk_skrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrillisk skrift">kyrillisk skrift</a> med <a href="/wiki/Kildinsamiska#Ortografi" title="Kildinsamiska">kildinsamiska</a> som utgångspunkt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta kyrilliska samiska alfabet kom efter revisioner att innehålla följande bokstäver<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>А а</th> <th>Ӓ ӓ*</th> <th>Б б</th> <th>В в</th> <th>Г г</th> <th>Д д</th> <th>Е е*</th> <th>Ё ё*</th> <th>Ж ж</th> <th>З з</th> <th>Һ һ</th> <th>И и* </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/a/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/æ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/b/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/v/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/g/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/d/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/jɛ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/jɔ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʒ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/z/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʰ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/i/</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Й й</th> <th>Ҋ ҋ / Ј ј</th> <th>К к</th> <th>Л л</th> <th>Ӆ ӆ</th> <th>М м</th> <th>Ӎ ӎ</th> <th>Н н</th> <th>Ӊ ӊ</th> <th>Ӈ ӈ</th> <th>О о</th> <th>П п </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/j/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/j̥/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/k/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/l/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/l̥/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/m/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/m̥/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/n/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/n̥/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ŋ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɔ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/p/</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Р р</th> <th>Ҏ ҏ</th> <th>С с</th> <th>Т т</th> <th>У у</th> <th>Ф ф</th> <th>Х х</th> <th>Ц ц</th> <th>Ч ч</th> <th>Ш ш</th> <th>(Щ щ)</th> <th>Ъ ъ* </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/r/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/r̥/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/s/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/t/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/u/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/f/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/x/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ts/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/tʃ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʃ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ʃtʃ/</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Ы ы</th> <th>Ь ь<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Ҍ ҍ<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Э э</th> <th>Ӭ ӭ<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Ю ю</th> <th>Я я </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɨ/</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɛ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ɛ/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ju/</span></td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ja/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* Dessa bokstäver markerar (enbart eller vid sidan av sitt vokaliska värde) egenskaper hos den föregående konsonanten: е, ё, и, ю, я står för vokalerna /e/, /o/, /i/, /u/, /a/ när de följer en <a href="/wiki/Muljering" class="mw-redirect" title="Muljering">muljerad</a> konsonant </p><p><sup>†</sup> Ь markerar <a href="/wiki/Palatalisering" title="Palatalisering">palatalisering</a> av konsonanten i utljud </p><p><sup>‡</sup> Ӭ och ҍ markerar palataliserade д, т och н före vokalerna /a/ och /e/ respektive i utljud. </p><p>Långa vokaler kännetecknas med en <a href="/wiki/Makron_(diakritiskt_tecken)" title="Makron (diakritiskt tecken)">makron</a> (¯) över vokaltecknet. Bokstaven щ förekommer endast i lånord. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia Incubator"><img alt="Wikipedia Incubator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/50px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/75px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/100px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia Incubator</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sjt" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sjt">testupplaga av Wikipedia på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Tersamiska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="interProject incubator" style="display:none;"><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sjt" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sjt">Incubator</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSvinno1993">Svinno, Mikael (1993). <i>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:608923/FULLTEXT02.pdf">https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:608923/FULLTEXT02.pdf</a> Samiska skolbarns samiska: En undersökning av minoritetsspråksbehärskning</i> i en språkbyteskontext]<i>. sid. 35<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:608923/FULLTEXT02.pdf">https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:608923/FULLTEXT02.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 30 juni 2023</span></i></cite><i><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samiska+skolbarns+samiska%3A+En+unders%C3%B6kning+av+minoritetsspr%C3%A5ksbeh%C3%A4rskning%0Ai+en+spr%C3%A5kbyteskontext&rft.aulast=Svinno&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft.au=Svinno%2C+Mikael&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B35&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diva-portal.org%2Fsmash%2Fget%2Fdiva2%3A608923%2FFULLTEXT02.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tersamiska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages"><i>Peter K Austin' s top 10 endangered languages</i> på www.guardian.co.uk:s webbplats 27 augusti 2008. Petrr K Austin är professor i fältlingvistik på University of London och chef för Endagered Languages Academic Programme</a>, läst 2012-03-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barentsobserver.com/en/sections/society/sami-languages-disappears">Barents Observer 19 februari 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206232808/http://barentsobserver.com/en/sections/society/sami-languages-disappears">Arkiverad</a> 6 december 2013 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>., läst 2013-06-02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tiuraniemi_Olli_2004_4-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Tiuraniemi, Olli: "<i>Anatoli Zaharov on maapallon ainoa turjansaamea puhuva mies</i>", <i>Kide</i> 6 / 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Nickel, K. P. <i>Samisk grammatik</i> (2:a uppl 1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Kert, Georgij M.; <i>Slovar' saamsko-russkij i russko-saamskij</i>. Leningrad (1986).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Davvin 4, sid 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Itkonen, T. I.: "<i>Koltan- ja kuolanlapin sanakirja</i>", Helsinki: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Finno-Ougrienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Finno-Ougrienne [inte skriven än]">Société Finno-Ougrienne</a>, 1958.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Itkonen, T. I.: "<i>Koltan- ja kuolanlappalaisia satuja</i>", 1931.<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Finno-Ougrienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Finno-Ougrienne [inte skriven än]">Memoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne</a> 60</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Antonova, Aleksandra A.; <i>Saam' bukvar'. Bukvar' dlja podgotovitel'nogo klassa saamskoi školy</i>. Leningrad (1982).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Kuruč, Rimma D., N. Je. Afanas'eva och I.V. Vinogradova; <i>Pravila orfografii i punktuacii saamskogo jazyka</i>. Murmansk-Moskva (1995).</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Mall:Samiska"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Samiska&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Samiska" title="Kategori:Samiska">Samiska språk</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Samiska" title="Samiska">Samiska språk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background: #DEE1E4;text-align:center;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stsamiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Östsamiska språk">Östsamiska</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akkalasamiska" title="Akkalasamiska">Akkalasamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tersamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Kildinsamiska" title="Kildinsamiska">Kildinsamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Enaresamiska" title="Enaresamiska">Enaresamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Skoltsamiska" title="Skoltsamiska">Skoltsamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Kemisamiska" title="Kemisamiska">Kemisamiska</a></i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><i><a href="/wiki/Kajanasamiska" title="Kajanasamiska">Kajanasamiska</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background: #DEE1E4;text-align:center;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4stsamiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Västsamiska språk">Västsamiska</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nordsamiska" title="Nordsamiska">Nordsamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Lulesamiska" title="Lulesamiska">Lulesamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Pitesamiska" title="Pitesamiska">Pitesamiska/arjeplogsamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Umesamiska" title="Umesamiska">Umesamiska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sydsamiska" title="Sydsamiska">Sydsamiska</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Skrift</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Samiska_skriftspr%C3%A5ket" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiska skriftspråket">Samiska skriftspråket</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Nordlapska_bokspr%C3%A5ket" title="Nordlapska bokspråket">Nordlapska bokspråket</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Sydlapska_bokspr%C3%A5ket" title="Sydlapska bokspråket">Sydlapska bokspråket</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Namn och ord</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Samiska_efternamn" title="Samiska efternamn">Efternamn</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samiska_ortnamnsefterled" title="Samiska ortnamnsefterled">Ortnamnsefterled</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Samiska områden</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rvaltningsomr%C3%A5det_f%C3%B6r_samiska_spr%C3%A5k_(Norge)" title="Förvaltningsområdet för samiska språk (Norge)">Förvaltningsområdet för samiska språk (Norge)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rvaltningsomr%C3%A5det_f%C3%B6r_samiska" title="Förvaltningsområdet för samiska">Förvaltningsområdet för samiska (Sverige)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samernas_hembygdsomr%C3%A5de" title="Samernas hembygdsområde">Samernas hembygdsområde (Finland)</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_samiskspr%C3%A5kiga_kommuner" title="Lista över samiskspråkiga kommuner">Lista över samiskspråkiga kommuner</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Samisk_spr%C3%A5kforskning" title="Kategori:Samisk språkforskning">Forskare i samiska språk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Gollegiellapriset" title="Gollegiellapriset">Gollegiellapriset</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Protolapska" title="Protolapska">Protolapska</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samiska_spr%C3%A5kn%C3%A4mnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiska språknämnden">Samiska språknämnden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Samisk_spr%C3%A5kforskning_i_Sverige" title="Samisk språkforskning i Sverige">Samisk språkforskning i Sverige</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&oldid=53376348">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tersamiska&oldid=53376348</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:%C3%96stsamiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kategori:Östsamiska språk">Östsamiska språk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Spr%C3%A5k_i_Ryssland" title="Kategori:Språk i 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