CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>San Francisco Bay Area - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"338174b4-8227-4ce2-be66-d53c36b0c6e7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"San_Francisco_Bay_Area","wgTitle":"San Francisco Bay Area","wgCurRevisionId":1257947480,"wgRevisionId":1257947480,"wgArticleId":19283806,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Webarchive template wayback links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Good articles","Use American English from February 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from March 2021","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images", "Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","San Francisco Bay Area","Regions of California","Geography of Northern California","Metropolitan areas of California"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"San_Francisco_Bay_Area","wgRelevantArticleId":19283806,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":300000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":37.81,"lon":-122.37},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q213205","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/1200px-Painted_Ladies.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="870"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/800px-Painted_Ladies.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="580"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/640px-Painted_Ladies.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="464"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="San Francisco Bay Area - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-San_Francisco_Bay_Area rootpage-San_Francisco_Bay_Area skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=San+Francisco+Bay+Area" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=San+Francisco+Bay+Area" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=San+Francisco+Bay+Area" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=San+Francisco+Bay+Area" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boundaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boundaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Boundaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boundaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subregions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subregions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Subregions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marine_wildlife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_wildlife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Marine wildlife </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_wildlife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Birds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_landforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_landforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Geology and landforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_landforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Hydrography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Affluence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affluence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Affluence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affluence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Housing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Colleges and universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Primary and secondary schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Regional governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sports and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">San Francisco Bay Area</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="منطقة خليج سان فرانسيسكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة خليج سان فرانسيسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_de_la_Badea_de_San_Francisco" title="Área de la Badea de San Francisco – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Área de la Badea de San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-Fransisko_k%C3%B6rf%C9%99z_sah%C9%99si" title="San-Fransisko körfəz sahəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="San-Fransisko körfəz sahəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سان فرانسیسکو بای آری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سان فرانسیسکو بای آری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wawengkon_Celuk_San_Francisco" title="Wawengkon Celuk San Francisco – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Wawengkon Celuk San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Район на Санфранциския залив – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Район на Санфранциския залив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaljevsko_podru%C4%8Dje_San_Franciska" title="Zaljevsko područje San Franciska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zaljevsko područje San Franciska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_Bae_San_Francisco" title="Ardal Bae San Francisco – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardal Bae San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_de_la_Bah%C3%ADa_de_San_Francisco" title="Área de la Bahía de San Francisco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Área de la Bahía de San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areo_de_la_Golfeto_de_San-Francisko" title="Areo de la Golfeto de San-Francisko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Areo de la Golfeto de San-Francisko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="منطقه خلیج سان فرانسیسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه خلیج سان فرانسیسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_la_baie_de_San_Francisco" title="Région de la baie de San Francisco – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région de la baie de San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krite_fan_de_Baai_fan_San_Francisco" title="Krite fan de Baai fan San Francisco – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Krite fan de Baai fan San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limist%C3%A9ar_Chuan_San_Francisco" title="Limistéar Chuan San Francisco – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Limistéar Chuan San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%80" title="舊金山灣區 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="舊金山灣區" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%8C%ED%94%84%EB%9E%80%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94_%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4_%EC%97%90%EC%96%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4" title="샌프란시스코 베이 에어리어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샌프란시스코 베이 에어리어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaljevsko_podru%C4%8Dje_San_Francisca" title="Zaljevsko područje San Francisca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaljevsko područje San Francisca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Teluk_San_Francisco" title="Wilayah Teluk San Francisco – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wilayah Teluk San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95" title="אזור מפרץ סן פרנסיסקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזור מפרץ סן פרנסיסקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_Sinuosa_Franciscopolis" title="Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="സാൻ ഫ്രാൻസിസ്കോ ബേ ഏരിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാൻ ഫ്രാൻസിസ്കോ ബേ ഏരിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="सॅन फ्रान्सिस्को बे एरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सॅन फ्रान्सिस्को बे एरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="サンフランシスコ・ベイエリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンフランシスコ・ベイエリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rea_da_ba%C3%ADa_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco" title="Área da baía de São Francisco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Área da baía de São Francisco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Область залива Сан-Франциско – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Область залива Сан-Франциско" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalivska_oblast_San_Franciska" title="Zalivska oblast San Franciska – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zalivska oblast San Franciska" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaljevsko_podru%C4%8Dje_San_Francisca" title="Zaljevsko područje San Francisca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zaljevsko područje San Francisca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Franciscon_lahden_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6" title="San Franciscon lahden ympäristö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="San Franciscon lahden ympäristö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="San Francisco Bay Area" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சான் பிரான்சிஸ்கோ விரிகுடாப் பகுதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான் பிரான்சிஸ்கோ விரிகுடாப் பகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_K%C3%B6rfez_B%C3%B6lgesi" title="San Francisco Körfez Bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="San Francisco Körfez Bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Агломерація затоки Сан-Франциско – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агломерація затоки Сан-Франциско" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%81" title="خلیج سان فرانسسکو علاقہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیج سان فرانسسکو علاقہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu_v%E1%BB%B1c_V%E1%BB%8Bnh_San_Francisco" title="Khu vực Vịnh San Francisco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khu vực Vịnh San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E5%8C%BA" title="旧金山湾区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="旧金山湾区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%97%A9%E5%B8%82%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%80" title="三藩市灣區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="三藩市灣區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%80" title="舊金山灣區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="舊金山灣區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213205#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&oldid=1257947480" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&id=1257947480&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSan_Francisco_Bay_Area">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSan_Francisco_Bay_Area">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bay_Area" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213205" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&params=37.81_N_122.37_W_region:US-CA_dim:100km">37°49′N 122°22′W / 37.81°N 122.37°W / 37.81; -122.37</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bay Area" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bay Area (disambiguation)">Bay Area (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in California, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">San Francisco Bay Area</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of California">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="border:1;;height:78px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/417px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg/556px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_at_Purple_sunset_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5332" data-file-height="1498" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Painted_Ladies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/133px-Painted_Ladies.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/200px-Painted_Ladies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Painted_Ladies.jpg/266px-Painted_Ladies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="898" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="border:1;;height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg/141px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg/212px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg/282px-Autumn_in_Napa_Valley_vineyards_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country" title="Wine Country">Wine Country</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg/138px-Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg/207px-Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg/276px-Chimney_Rock_Trail_Point_Reyes_December_2016_panorama_1_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8523" data-file-height="5800" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_National_Seashore" title="Point Reyes National Seashore">Point Reyes</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg/136px-Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg/204px-Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg/272px-Downtown_san_jose_south_market_st_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2531" data-file-height="1756" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:OAKLAND,_CA,_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG/141px-OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="141" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG/212px-OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG/282px-OAKLAND%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_Skyline_and_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg/133px-View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg/266px-View_of_Mount_Diablo_and_CA_Highway_24_from_Lafayette_Heights_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="409" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Diablo" title="Mount Diablo">Mount Diablo</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg/200px-California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg/300px-California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg/400px-California_Bay_Area_county_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="733" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the Bay Area within <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  The nine-county Bay Area. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Additional counties in the larger thirteen-county <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a>.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subregions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay" title="East Bay">East Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">South Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco County, California">San Francisco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Core_city" title="Core city">Core cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other municipalities</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vacaville,_California" title="Vacaville, California">Vacaville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Nine-county</th><td class="infobox-data">6,966 sq mi (18,040 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland (CSA)</th><td class="infobox-data">10,191 sq mi (26,390 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicus Peak">Copernicus Peak</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,360 ft (1,330 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alviso,_San_Jose,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Alviso, San Jose, California">Alviso</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−13 ft (−4 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/sq mi (430/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Nine-county<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7.76 million<a href="#cite_note-2020Counties-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland (CSA)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.22 million<a href="#cite_note-2020Counties-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Nine-county</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.132 trillion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland (CSA)</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.383 trillion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">Pacific</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_408" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 408">408</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_codes_408_and_669" title="Area codes 408 and 669">669</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_415" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 415">415</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_code_628" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 628">628</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_codes_510_and_341" title="Area codes 510 and 341">510</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_codes_510_and_341" title="Area codes 510 and 341">341</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_650" title="Area code 650">650</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_707" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 707">707</a>, <a href="/wiki/Area_code_925" title="Area code 925">925</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bayareametro.gov">bayareametro.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">region of California</a> surrounding and including <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Bay_Area_Governments" title="Association of Bay Area Governments">Association of Bay Area Governments</a> defines the Bay Area as including the nine counties that border the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> of San Francisco Bay, <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun Bay</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_County,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco County, California">San Francisco</a>. Other definitions may be either smaller or larger, and may include neighboring counties which are not officially part of the San Francisco Bay Area, such as the <a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">[9]</a> The Bay Area is known for its natural beauty, prominent universities, technology companies, and affluence. The Bay Area contains many cities, towns, airports, and associated regional, state, and national parks, connected by a complex <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_transport" title="Multimodal transport">multimodal transportation</a> network. The earliest <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological evidence">archaeological evidence</a> of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to 8000–10,000 BC. The <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ohlone#Present_day" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a> people suggests they have been living in the Bay Area for several hundreds if not thousands of years.<a href="#cite_note-:54-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:64-11">[11]</a> The Spanish empire claimed the area beginning in the early period of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization of the Americas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Portol%C3%A1_expedition" title="Portolá expedition">earliest Spanish exploration of the Bay Area</a> took place in 1769. The Mexican government controlled the area from 1821 until the 1848 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>. Also in 1848, <a href="/wiki/James_W._Marshall" title="James W. Marshall">James W. Marshall</a> discovered gold in <a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">nearby mountains</a>, resulting in explosive immigration to the area and the <a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">precipitous decline of the Native population</a>. The <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> brought rapid growth to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ipums_nhgis-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> was <a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Admission_of_the_State_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="An Act for the Admission of the State of California">admitted as the 31st state</a> in 1850. A <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">major earthquake and fire</a> leveled much of San Francisco in 1906. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the Bay Area played a major role in America's war effort in the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Theater">Asiatic-Pacific Theater</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Port_of_Embarkation" title="San Francisco Port of Embarkation">San Francisco Port of Embarkation</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/Fort_Mason" title="Fort Mason">Fort Mason</a> was one of 14 installations and location of the headquarters, acting as a primary embarkation point for American forces. Since then, the Bay Area has experienced numerous political, cultural, and artistic movements, developing unique local genres in music and art and establishing itself as a hotbed of <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive politics</a>. Economically, the post-war Bay Area saw large growth in the financial and technology industries, creating an economy with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> of over $700 billion. In 2018 it was home to the third-highest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The Bay Area is home to approximately 7.52 million people.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The larger federal classification, the <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a> of the region which includes 13 counties,<a href="#cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">[9]</a> is the second-largest in California—after the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> area—and the fifth-largest in the United States, with over 9 million people.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The Bay Area's population is ethnically diverse: roughly three-fifths of the region's residents are <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic/Latino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African/Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">Pacific Islander</a>, all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region. Most of the remaining two-fifths of the population is <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic White American</a>. The most populous cities of the Bay Area are San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, the latter of which had a population of 969,655 in 2023, making San Jose the area's largest city and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">13th-most populous in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Census2010-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Despite its urban character, San Francisco Bay is one of California's most ecologically sensitive habitats, providing important <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem services">ecosystem services</a> such as filtering the pollutants and sediments from rivers and supporting a number of <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>. In addition, the Bay Area is known for its stands of <a href="/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens" title="Sequoia sempervirens">coast redwoods</a>, many of which are protected in state and county parks. The region is additionally known for the complexity of its landforms, the result of millions of years of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plate</a> movements. Because the Bay Area is crossed by six major <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake fault">earthquake faults</a>, the region is particularly exposed to hazards presented by large earthquakes. The climate is temperate and conducive to outdoor recreational and athletic activities such as hiking, running, and cycling. The Bay Area is host to <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area">five professional sports teams</a> and is a cultural center for music, theater, and the arts. It is also host to <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Category:Universities and colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area">numerous</a> higher education institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Research_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Research universities">research universities</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, the latter known for helping to create the high tech center called <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>. Home to 101 municipalities and 9 counties, governance in the Bay Area involves numerous local and regional jurisdictions, often with broad and overlapping responsibilities. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area">Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg/220px-Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg/330px-Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg/440px-Charles_Christian_Nahl_-_Indian_Family_on_San_Francisco_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Californians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Californians">indigenous Californian</a> people, have lived in the Bay Area for thousands of years.</figcaption></figure> The Coyote Hills Shell Mound, the earliest known archaeological evidence of human habitation of the Bay Area estuaries, dates to around 10,000 BCE, with evidence pointing to even earlier settlement in <a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes" title="Point Reyes">Point Reyes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> It has been conjectured that the people living in the Bay Area at the time of first European contact were descended from <a href="/wiki/Siberian" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberian">Siberian</a> tribes who arrived at around 1,000 BCE by sailing over the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> and following the salmon migration.<a href="#cite_note-ohlone1-20">[20]</a> However the current academic consensus is compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ohlone#Present_day" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a> peoples, which suggests they have been living in the Bay Area for several hundreds if not thousands of years.<a href="#cite_note-:54-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:64-11">[11]</a> At the time of colonization, the Ohlone peoples in the Bay Area primarily lived on the San Francisco Peninsula, in the South Bay and in the East Bay, and the Miwok primarily lived in the North Bay, northern East Bay, and Central Valley. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohlone_villages" title="List of Ohlone villages">Ohlone villages</a> were spread across the Peninsula, East Bay, South Bay, as well as further south into the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-timeline-21">[21]</a> There were eight major divisions of Ohlone people, four of which were based in the Bay Area: the <a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chochenyo" title="Chochenyo">Chochenyo</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay" title="East Bay">East Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ramaytush" title="Ramaytush">Ramaytush</a> of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tamien_people" title="Tamien people">Tamien</a> of the South Bay. The <a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a> had two major groups in the Bay Area: the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Miwok" title="Bay Miwok">Bay Miwok</a> of <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra Costa County">Contra Costa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Miwok" title="Coast Miwok">Coast Miwok</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>. In 1542, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> explored the Pacific coast near the Bay Area though the expedition did not see the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a> or the estuaries, likely due to fog. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Drake" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a> became the first European to land in the area and claim it in June 1579, when he landed at <a href="/wiki/Drakes_Bay" title="Drakes Bay">Drakes Bay</a> near Point Reyes. Even though he claimed the region for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth I</a> as <a href="/wiki/Nova_Albion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Albion">Nova Albion</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_Albion" title="New Albion">New Albion</a>, the English made no immediate follow up to the claim.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1595, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> tasked <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_Soromenho" title="Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho">Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho</a> with mapping the west coast of the Americas. Soromenho set sail on <a href="/wiki/Manila-Acapulco_Galleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila-Acapulco Galleon">Manila Galleon</a> San Agustin on July 5, 1595 and in early November they reached land between <a href="/wiki/Point_St._George" title="Point St. George">Point St. George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_California" title="Trinidad, California">Trinidad Head</a>, north of the Bay Area, in the <a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a>. The expedition followed the coast southward and on November 7 the San Agustin anchored in Drakes Bay, and claimed the region as Puerto y Bahía de San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In late November, a storm sank the San Agustin and killed between 7 and 12 people. On December 8, 80 remaining crew members set sail on the San Buenaventura, a <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launch</a> which was partially constructed en route from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">the Philippines</a>. Seeking the fastest route south, the expedition sailed past the Golden Gate, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Chacala" title="Chacala">Puerto de Chacala, Mexico</a> on January 17, 1596.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_(Oriana_Day)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs_%28Oriana_Day%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>In 1776, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pal%C3%B3u" title="Francisco Palóu">Francisco Palóu</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission San Francisco de Asís">Mission San Francisco de Asís</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish settlement</a> in the Bay Area.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma,_1846%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/220px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/330px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg/440px-%22General_Vallejo_Reviewing_His_Troops_in_Sonoma%2C_1846%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Guadalupe_Vallejo" title="Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo">General Vallejo</a> reviewing <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> troops in <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma</a>, during the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">Conquest of California</a> in 1846</figcaption></figure> The Bay Area estuaries remained unknown to Europeans until members of the <a href="/wiki/Portol%C3%A1_expedition" title="Portolá expedition">Portolá expedition</a>, while trekking along the California coast, encountered them in 1769 when the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a> blocked their continued journey north.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">missions</a> were founded in the Bay Area during this period. In 1806, a Spanish expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Moraga" title="Gabriel Moraga">Gabriel Moraga</a> began at the Presidio, traveled south of the bay, and then east to explore the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 1821, Mexico <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">gained its independence</a> from Spain and the Bay Area became part of the Mexican province of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, a period characterized by <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranch life</a> and visiting American trappers.<a href="#cite_note-nps-31">[31]</a> Mexico's control of the territory would be short-lived, however, and in 1846 a party of settlers <a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Plaza" title="Sonoma Plaza">Sonoma Plaza</a> and proclaimed the independence of the new <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of California">Republic of California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nps-31">[31]</a> That same year, the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> began, and American captain <a href="/wiki/John_Berrien_Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="John Berrien Montgomery">John Berrien Montgomery</a> sailed the <a href="/wiki/USS_Portsmouth_(1843)" title="USS Portsmouth (1843)">USS Portsmouth</a> into the bay and seized San Francisco, which was then known as <a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California" title="Yerba Buena, California">Yerba Buena</a>, and raised the <a href="/wiki/American_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="American flag">American flag</a> for the first time over <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Square" title="Portsmouth Square">Portsmouth Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/220px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/330px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg/440px-SanFranciscoharbor1851c_sharp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="1727" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Francisco" title="Port of San Francisco">Port of San Francisco</a> during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a></figcaption></figure> In 1848, <a href="/wiki/James_W._Marshall" title="James W. Marshall">James W. Marshall</a>'s discovery of gold in the <a href="/wiki/American_River" title="American River">American River</a> sparked the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>, and within half a year 4,000 men were panning for gold along the river and finding $50,000 per day.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-33">[33]</a> The promise of fabulous riches quickly led to a stampede of wealth-seekers descending on <a href="/wiki/Sutter%27s_Mill" title="Sutter's Mill">Sutter's Mill</a>. The Bay Area's population quickly emptied out as laborers, clerks, waiters, and servants joined the rush to find gold, and California's first newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Californian_(1840s_newspaper)" title="The Californian (1840s newspaper)">The Californian</a>, was forced to announce a temporary freeze in new issues due to labor shortages.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-33">[33]</a> By the end of 1849, news had spread across the world and newcomers flooded into the Bay Area at a rate of one thousand per week on their way to California's interior,<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-33">[33]</a> including the first large influx of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans" title="History of Chinese Americans">Chinese immigrants to the U.S.</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The rush was so great that vessels were abandoned by the hundreds in San Francisco's ports as crews rushed to the goldfields.<a href="#cite_note-buriedships-35">[35]</a> The unprecedented influx of new arrivals spread the nascent government authorities thin, and the military was unable to prevent desertions. As a result, numerous vigilante groups formed to provide order, but many tasked themselves with forcibly moving or killing local <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, and by the end of the Gold Rush, two thirds of the indigenous population had been killed.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_(c._1850).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg/220px-California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg/330px-California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg/440px-California%27s_first_state_capitol_in_San_Jos%C3%A9_%28c._1850%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> served as the first <a href="/wiki/State_capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="State capitol">state capitol</a> following the <a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Admission_of_the_State_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="An Act for the Admission of the State of California">California's Admission to the Union</a> in 1850.</figcaption></figure> During this same time, a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (California)">constitutional convention</a> was called to determine California's application for <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">statehood</a> into the United States. After statehood was granted, the capital city moved between three cities in the Bay Area: San Jose (1849–1851), <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a> (1851–1852), and <a href="/wiki/Benicia,_California" title="Benicia, California">Benicia</a> (1852–1853) before permanently settling in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> in 1854.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> As the Gold Rush subsided, wealth generated from the endeavor led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Bank">Wells Fargo Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_California" title="Bank of California">Bank of California</a>, and immigrant laborers attracted by the promise of wealth transformed the demographic makeup of the region. Construction of the <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Long_Wharf" title="Oakland Long Wharf">Oakland Long Wharf</a> attracted so many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Railroad_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Railroad Workers">laborers from China</a> that by 1870, eight percent of San Francisco's population was of Asian origin.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The completion of the railroad connected the Bay Area with the rest of the United States, established a truly national marketplace for the trade of goods, and accelerated the urbanization of the region.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A historical image of damaged and destroyed buildings after the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg/220px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg/330px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg/440px-Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Damaged buildings in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a></figcaption></figure> In the early morning of April 18, 1906, <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">a large earthquake</a> with an epicenter near the city of San Francisco hit the region.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Immediate casualty estimates by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>'s relief operations were 498 deaths in San Francisco, 64 deaths in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a>, and 102 in or near San Jose, for a total of about 700. More recent studies estimate the total death count to be over 3,000, with over 28,000 buildings destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Rebuilding efforts began immediately. <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Peter_Giannini" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeo Peter Giannini">Amadeo Peter Giannini</a>, owner of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Italy_(USA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Italy (USA)">Bank of Italy</a> (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>), had managed to retrieve the money from his bank's vaults before fires broke out through the city and was the only bank with <a href="/wiki/Liquidity" title="Liquidity">liquid</a> funds readily available and was instrumental in loaning out funds for rebuilding efforts.<a href="#cite_note-earthquakeaftermath-42">[42]</a> Congress immediately approved plans for a reservoir in <a href="/wiki/Hetch_Hetchy_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hetch Hetchy Valley">Hetch Hetchy Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>, a plan they had denied a few years earlier, which now provides drinking water for 2.4 million people in the Bay Area. By 1915, the city had been sufficiently rebuilt and advertised itself to the world during the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Pacific_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama Pacific Exposition">Panama Pacific Exposition</a> that year, although the effects of the quake hastened the loss of the region's dominant status in California to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles metropolitan area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-earthquakeaftermath-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Loudon,_de_Nederlandse_ambassadeur_in_de_Verenigde_Staten,_ondertekent_in_aanwezigheid_van_Charles_Olke_(II)_van_der_Plas_en_andere_leden_van_de_Nederlandse_delegatie_het_handvast_van_de_Uni,_KITLV_403000.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alexander_Loudon%2C_de_Nederlandse_ambassadeur_in_de_Verenigde_Staten%2C_ondertekent_in_aanwezigheid_van_Charles_Olke_%28II%29_van_der_Plas_en_andere_leden_van_de_Nederlandse_delegatie_het_handvast_van_de_Uni%2C_KITLV_403000.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alexander_Loudon%2C_de_Nederlandse_ambassadeur_in_de_Verenigde_Staten%2C_ondertekent_in_aanwezigheid_van_Charles_Olke_%28II%29_van_der_Plas_en_andere_leden_van_de_Nederlandse_delegatie_het_handvast_van_de_Uni%2C_KITLV_403000.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alexander_Loudon%2C_de_Nederlandse_ambassadeur_in_de_Verenigde_Staten%2C_ondertekent_in_aanwezigheid_van_Charles_Olke_%28II%29_van_der_Plas_en_andere_leden_van_de_Nederlandse_delegatie_het_handvast_van_de_Uni%2C_KITLV_403000.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5781" data-file-height="4607" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was created in San Francisco in 1945, when the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Charter" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Charter">United Nations Charter</a> was signed at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">San Francisco Conference</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">1929 stock market crash</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">economic depression</a>, not a single San Francisco-based bank failed,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> while the region attempted to spur job growth by simultaneously undertaking two large infrastructure projects: construction of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a>, which would connect San Francisco with <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco-Oakland_Bay_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge">Bay Bridge</a>, which would connect San Francisco with Oakland and the East Bay.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> After the United States joined <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1941, the Bay Area became a major domestic military and naval hub, with large shipyards constructed in <a href="/wiki/Sausalito,_California" title="Sausalito, California">Sausalito</a> and across the East Bay to build ships for the war effort.<a href="#cite_note-WWII-46">[46]</a> The Army's San Francisco Port of Embarkation was the primary origin for Army forces shipping out to the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Theater">Pacific Theater of Operations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> That command consisted of fourteen installations including Fort Mason, the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Army_Base" title="Oakland Army Base">Oakland Army Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Stoneman" title="Camp Stoneman">Camp Stoneman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_McDowell,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort McDowell, California">Fort McDowell</a> in San Francisco Bay and the sub port of Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was chartered in San Francisco, and in September 1951, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Treaty of San Francisco</a> to re-establish peaceful relations between Japan and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied Powers</a> was signed in San Francisco, entering into force a year later.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In the years immediately following the war, the Bay Area saw a huge wave of immigration as populations increased across the region. Between 1950 and 1960, San Francisco welcomed over 100,000 new residents, inland suburbs in the East Bay saw their populations double, <a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a>'s population quadrupled, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>'s population quintupled.<a href="#cite_note-WWII-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Police,_Stop_the_Draft_Week_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Police%2C_Stop_the_Draft_Week_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Draft_evasion_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Draft evasion in the Vietnam War">Vietnam War draft evasion</a> march in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/David_Harris_(activist)" title="David Harris (activist)">David Harris</a> in 1967.</figcaption></figure> By the early 1960s, the Bay Area and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> became the center of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Avenue" title="Telegraph Avenue">Telegraph Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Haight-Ashbury" title="Haight-Ashbury">Haight-Ashbury</a> neighborhood in San Francisco were seen as centers of activity,<a href="#cite_note-Ashbolt-51">[51]</a> with the hit American <a href="/wiki/Pop_song" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop song">pop song</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_(Be_Sure_to_Wear_Flowers_in_Your_Hair)" title="San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)">San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)</a> further enticing like-minded individuals to join the movement in the Bay Area and leading to the <a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In the proceeding decades, the Bay Area would cement itself as a hotbed of <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> activism, <a href="/wiki/Student_activism" title="Student activism">student activism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the Vietnam War">opposition to the Vietnam War</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war movements">anti-war movements</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">black power movement</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_social_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT social movements">gay rights movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ashbolt-51">[51]</a> At the same time, parts of San Mateo and Santa Clara counties began to rapidly develop from an <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agrarian</a> economy into a hotbed of the <a href="/wiki/High-tech_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech industry">high-tech industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Terman" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Terman">Fred Terman</a>, the director of a top-secret research project at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> during World War II, joined the faculty at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in order to reshape the university's engineering department. His students, including <a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Redington_Hewlett" class="mw-redirect" title="William Redington Hewlett">William Hewlett</a>, would later help usher in the region's high-tech revolution.<a href="#cite_note-WWII-46">[46]</a> In 1955, <a href="/wiki/Shockley_Semiconductor_Laboratory" title="Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory">Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory</a> opened for business in Mountain View near Stanford, and although the business venture was a financial failure, it was the first <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> company in the Bay Area, and the talent that it attracted to the region eventually led to a high-tech cluster of companies later known as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg/220px-Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg/330px-Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg/440px-Cover_of_San_Francisco_Chronicle_November_28_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Moscone%E2%80%93Milk_assassinations" title="Moscone–Milk assassinations">assassinations of George Moscone and Harvey Milk</a> in 1978 led to the <a href="/wiki/White_Night_riots" title="White Night riots">White Night riots</a> and the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Diminished_responsibility" title="Diminished responsibility">diminished responsibility</a> as a criminal defense in California.</figcaption></figure> In 1989, in the middle of a <a href="/wiki/1989_World_Series" title="1989 World Series">World Series</a> game between two Bay Area baseball teams, the <a href="/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake">Loma Prieta earthquake</a> struck and caused widespread infrastructural damage, including the failure of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">Bay Bridge</a>, a major link between San Francisco and <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Even so, the Bay Area's technology industry continued to expand and growth in Silicon Valley accelerated: the <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">United States census</a> confirmed that year that San Jose had overtaken San Francisco in terms of population.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The commercialization of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> in the middle of the decade rapidly created a <a href="/wiki/Speculative_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Speculative bubble">speculative bubble</a> in the high-tech economy known as the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>. This bubble began collapsing in the early 2000s and the industry continued contracting for the next few years, nearly wiping out the market. Companies like <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> managed to weather the crash however, and following the industry's return to normalcy, their market value increased significantly.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Even as the growth of the technology sector transformed the region's economy, <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive politics</a> continued to guide the region's political environment. By the turn of the millennium, <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a>, the largest ethnic group in the United States, were only half of the population in the Bay Area as immigration among minority groups accelerated.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">[58]</a> During this time, the Bay Area was the center of the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights movement">LGBT rights movement</a>: in 2004, San Francisco began issuing <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">marriage licenses to same-sex couples</a>, a first in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and four years later a majority of voters in the Bay Area rejected California <a href="/wiki/Proposition_8_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 8 (2008)">Proposition 8</a>, which sought to constitutionally restrict marriage to opposite-sex couples but ultimately passed statewide.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose,_CA_on_June_7,_2020_-_0407_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Black_Lives_Matter_protest_in_San_Jose%2C_CA_on_June_7%2C_2020_-_0407_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4801" data-file-height="3586" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_California" title="George Floyd protests in California">George Floyd protests</a> in San Jose in 2020</figcaption></figure> The Bay Area was also the center of contentious protests concerning racial and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a>. In 2009, an <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-American</a> man named <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Oscar_Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant was fatally shot</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit_Police_Department" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit Police Department">Bay Area Rapid Transit police officers</a>, precipitating widespread protests across the region and even riots in Oakland.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> His name was symbolically tied to the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Oakland" title="Occupy Oakland">Occupy Oakland</a> protests two years later that sought to fight against social and economic inequality.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> By August 2023, San Francisco was in such severe decline that Mayor <a href="/wiki/Matt_Mahan" title="Matt Mahan">Matt Mahan</a> of San Jose joked that one day the region might be renamed the "San Jose Bay Area", after its largest and most prosperous city.<a href="#cite_note-Kamisher-63">[63]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries">Boundaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boundaries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Bay_Area_county_map_(zoom%26color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg/220px-California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg/330px-California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg/440px-California_Bay_Area_county_map_%28zoom%26color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>A map of the Bay Area and its sub-regions, divided by <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">counties</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay / Santa Clara Valley</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/East_Bay" title="East Bay">East Bay</a></div></figcaption></figure> The borders of the San Francisco Bay Area are not officially delineated, and the unique development patterns influenced by the region's <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, as well as unusual <a href="/wiki/Commuting" title="Commuting">commute</a> patterns caused by the presence of three central cities and employment centers located in various suburban locales, has led to considerable disagreement between local and federal definitions of the area.<a href="#cite_note-walker-64">[64]</a> Because of this, professor of <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> Richard Walker claimed that "no other U.S. city-region is as definitionally challenged [as the Bay Area]."<a href="#cite_note-walker-64">[64]</a> When the region began to rapidly develop during and immediately after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, local planners settled on a nine-county definition for the Bay Area, consisting of the counties that directly border the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun</a> <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Today, this definition is accepted by most local governmental agencies including <a href="/wiki/California_Regional_Water_Quality_Control_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="California Regional Water Quality Control Board">San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board</a>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Air_Quality_Management_District" title="Bay Area Air Quality Management District">Bay Area Air Quality Management District</a>,<a href="#cite_note-aboutbaaqmd-67">[67]</a> the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Restoration_Authority" title="San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority</a>,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Commission_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)">Metropolitan Transportation Commission</a>,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Bay_Area_Governments" title="Association of Bay Area Governments">Association of Bay Area Governments</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> the latter two of which partner to deliver a Bay Area Census using the nine-county definition.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/United_States_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Federal Government">U.S. Federal government</a> agencies use definitions that differ from their local counterparts' nine-county definition. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) which regulates broadcast, cable, and satellite transmissions, includes nearby <a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a> counties in their "<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>-<a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>" <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_media_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States media markets">media market</a>, but excludes eastern Solano County.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> On the other hand, the United States <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>, which designates <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical areas</a> (MSAs) and <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">combined statistical areas</a> (CSA) for populated regions across the country, has five MSAs which include, wholly or partially, areas within the nine-county definition, and one CSA which includes eight Bay Area counties (excluding <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>), but including neighboring <a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">[9]</a> The Association of Bay Area Health Officers (ABAHO), an organization that has fought local outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">HIV/AIDS</a> in 1980s and with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–22), consists of the public health officers of 9 Bay Area counties, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a> and the city of <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable nowrap" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none"> <caption>Counties in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th>2022 estimate </th> <th>2020–22 change </th> <th>2020 Population </th> <th>2010 Population </th> <th>2010–20 change </th> <th>2020 Density (per sq mi) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">MSA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda</a></td> <td>1,628,997</td> <td>-3.2%</td> <td>1,682,353</td> <td>1,510,271</td> <td>+11.4%</td> <td>2,281.3</td> <td rowspan="5">San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley‡ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></td> <td>1,156,966</td> <td>-0.8%</td> <td>1,165,927</td> <td>1,049,025</td> <td>+11.1%</td> <td>1,626.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></td> <td>256,018</td> <td>-2.4%</td> <td>262,321</td> <td>252,409</td> <td>+3.9%</td> <td>504.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td>808,437</td> <td>-7.5%</td> <td>873,965</td> <td>805,235</td> <td>+8.5%</td> <td>18,629.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></td> <td>729,181</td> <td>-4.6%</td> <td>764,442</td> <td>718,451</td> <td>+6.4%</td> <td>1,704.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></td> <td>67,579</td> <td>+5.3%</td> <td>64,209</td> <td>55,269</td> <td>+16.2%</td> <td>46.2</td> <td rowspan="2">San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td>1,870,945</td> <td>-3.4%</td> <td>1,936,259</td> <td>1,781,642</td> <td>+8.7%</td> <td>1,499.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></td> <td>134,300</td> <td>-2.7%</td> <td>138,019</td> <td>136,484</td> <td>+1.1%</td> <td>184.4</td> <td>Napa </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></td> <td>448,747</td> <td>-1.0%</td> <td>453,491</td> <td>413,344</td> <td>+9.7%</td> <td>551.8</td> <td>Vallejo–Fairfield </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>†</td> <td>482,650</td> <td>-1.3%</td> <td>488,863</td> <td>483,878</td> <td>+1.0%</td> <td>310.3</td> <td>Santa Rosa–Petaluma </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></td> <td>290,014</td> <td>+3.1%</td> <td>281,202</td> <td>255,793</td> <td>+9.9%</td> <td>145.1</td> <td>Merced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td>264,370</td> <td>-2.4%</td> <td>270,861</td> <td>262,382</td> <td>+3.2%</td> <td>608.5</td> <td>Santa Cruz–Watsonville </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></td> <td>793,229</td> <td>+1.3%</td> <td>779,233</td> <td>685,306</td> <td>+13.7%</td> <td>559.6</td> <td>Stockton–Lodi </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></td> <td>551,275</td> <td>-0.3%</td> <td>552,878</td> <td>514,453</td> <td>+7.5%</td> <td>369.6</td> <td>Modesto </td></tr> <tr> <th align="bottom" colspan="8" style="caption-side: bottom"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Bay Area counties colored red †Sonoma County was separated from the CSA in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">[9]</a> ‡Renamed to San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">[9]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subregions">Subregions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subregions">edit</a>]</div> Among locals, the nine-county Bay Area is divided into five sub-regions: the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">Peninsula</a>, city of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">South Bay</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay</a>" is the densest region of the Bay Area outside of San Francisco and includes cities and towns in <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a> counties centered around <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>. As one of the larger subregions, the East Bay includes a variety of enclaves, including the suburban <a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a> area and the highly urban western part of the subregion that runs alongside the bay, including Oakland.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The "<a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a>" includes <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a> counties, and is the geographically largest and least populated subregion. The western counties of Marin and Sonoma are encased by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> on the west and the bay on the east and are characterized by their mountainous and woody terrain. Sonoma and Napa counties are known internationally for their grape vineyards and <a href="/wiki/Wineries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wineries">wineries</a>, and Solano County to the east, centered around <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>, is the fastest growing region in the Bay Area.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Regions of the Bay Area</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:East-bay-2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="East Bay"><img alt="East Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/426px-East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/567px-East-bay-2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2190" data-file-height="1159" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">East Bay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Silicon_Valley,_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose,_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Bay"><img alt="South Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Silicon_Valley%2C_facing_southward_towards_Downtown_San_Jose%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4541" data-file-height="2271" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">South Bay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North Bay"><img alt="North Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg/267px-Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg/400px-Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg/534px-Napa_River_in_Vallejo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="1512" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">North Bay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Francisco and the Peninsula"><img alt="San Francisco and the Peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg/225px-San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg/338px-San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg/450px-San_Francisco_and_SFO_Aerial_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">San Francisco and the Peninsula</div> </li> </ul> The "<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">Peninsula</a>" subregion includes the cities and towns on the San Francisco Peninsula, excluding the titular city of San Francisco. Its eastern half, which runs alongside the Bay, is highly populated, while its less populated western coast traces the coastline of the Pacific Ocean and is known for its open space and hiking trails. Roughly coinciding with the borders of <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo County</a>, it also includes the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Although geographically located on the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, the city of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> is not considered part of the "Peninsula" subregion, but as a separate entity.<a href="#cite_note-Crawford2006-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The term "South Bay" has different meanings to different groups: Writing in 1959 for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a> defined the South Bay as comprising five counties, corresponding to their two-way division of the bay into north and south regions.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 1989, the federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> defined the South Bay as the northern part of Santa Clara County and the southeastern part of San Mateo County.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">Climate of California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg/220px-Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg/330px-Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg/440px-Northern_California_Coast_as_seen_from_Muir_Beach_Overlook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3663" data-file-height="2454" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a> near <a href="/wiki/Muir_Beach,_California" title="Muir Beach, California">Muir Beach</a></figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is located in the <a href="/wiki/Warm-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm-summer Mediterranean climate">warm-summer Mediterranean climate</a> zone (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Csb) that is a characteristic of California's coast, featuring mild to cool winters with occasional rainfall, and warm to hot, dry summers.<a href="#cite_note-ggclimate-81">[81]</a> It is largely influenced by the cold <a href="/wiki/California_Current" title="California Current">California Current</a>, which penetrates the natural mountainous barrier along the coast by traveling through various gaps.<a href="#cite_note-NOASJ-82">[82]</a> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a>, this means that the Bay Area has pronounced seasons. The winter season, which roughly runs between November and March, is the source of about 82% of annual precipitation in the area. In the South Bay and further inland, while the winter season is cool and mild, the summer season is characterized by warm sunny days,<a href="#cite_note-NOASJ-82">[82]</a> while in San Francisco and areas closer to the Golden Gate strait, the summer season is periodically affected by fog.<a href="#cite_note-fog-83">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg/170px-Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg/255px-Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg/340px-Lafayette_Reservoir_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2881" data-file-height="3539" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Diablo" title="Mount Diablo">Mount Diablo</a> beyond <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Reservoir" title="Lafayette Reservoir">Lafayette Reservoir</a></figcaption></figure> Due to the Bay Area's diverse <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographic relief</a> (itself the result of the clashing <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plate">tectonic plates</a>), the region is home to numerous <a href="/wiki/Microclimates" class="mw-redirect" title="Microclimates">microclimates</a> that lead to pronounced differences in climate and temperature over short distances.<a href="#cite_note-ggclimate-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFG_climate-84">[84]</a> Within the city of San Francisco, natural and artificial topographical features direct the movement of wind and fog, resulting in startlingly varied climates between city blocks. Along the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Gate Strait">Golden Gate Strait</a>, oceanic wind and fog from the Pacific Ocean are able to penetrate the mountain barriers inland into the Bay Area.<a href="#cite_note-SFG_climate-84">[84]</a> During the summer, rising hot air in California's interior valleys creates a low pressure area that draws winds from the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_High" title="North Pacific High">North Pacific High</a> through the Golden Gate, which creates the city's <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_fog_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco fog generation">characteristic cool winds and fog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fog-83">[83]</a> The microclimate phenomenon is most pronounced during this time, when fog penetration is at its maximum in areas near the Golden Gate strait,<a href="#cite_note-SFG_climate-84">[84]</a> while the South Bay and areas further inland are sunny and dry.<a href="#cite_note-NOASJ-82">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San_Bruno_Mountain_aerial_wide_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2219" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Bruno_Mountain" title="San Bruno Mountain">San Bruno Mountain</a> divides San Francisco from <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Mateo County">San Mateo County</a>.</figcaption></figure> Along the San Francisco peninsula, gaps in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains" title="Santa Cruz Mountains">Santa Cruz Mountains</a>, one south of <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno_Mountain" title="San Bruno Mountain">San Bruno Mountain</a> and another in Crystal Springs, allow oceanic weather into the interior, causing a cooling effect for cities along the Peninsula and even as far south as San Jose. This weather pattern is also the source for delays at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco International Airport</a>. In Marin county north of the Golden Gate strait, two gaps north of <a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods</a> bring cold air across the <a href="/wiki/Marin_Headlands" title="Marin Headlands">Marin Headlands</a>, with the cooling effect reaching as far north as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFG_climate-84">[84]</a> Further inland, the East Bay receives oceanic weather that travels through the Golden Gate strait, and further diffuses that air through the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hills" title="Berkeley Hills">Berkeley Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niles_Canyon" title="Niles Canyon">Niles Canyon</a> and the Hayward Pass into the <a href="/wiki/Livermore_Valley" title="Livermore Valley">Livermore Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altamont_Pass" title="Altamont Pass">Altamont Pass</a>. Here, the resulting breeze is so strong that it is home to one of the world's largest array of <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind turbines">wind turbines</a>. Further north, the <a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a> funnels the ocean weather into the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="San Joaquin River Delta">San Joaquin River Delta</a>, causing a cooling effect in <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, so that these cities are also cooler than their <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> counterparts in the south.<a href="#cite_note-SFG_climate-84">[84]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable nowrap" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none"> <caption>Average daily high and low temperatures in °F (°C) for selected locations in the Bay Area, colored and sortable by average monthly temperature </caption> <tbody><tr> <th data-sort-type="text" scope="col">City </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Jan </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Feb </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Mar </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Apr </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col">May </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Jun </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Jul </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Aug </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Sep </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Oct </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Nov </th> <th data-sort-type="number" scope="col"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Dec </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="46.9" title="average temperature: 46.9" style="background: #FFD9CA; font-size: 85%;">55 / 39 (13 / 4) </td> <td data-sort-value="51.5" title="average temperature: 51.5" style="background: #FFC0A8; font-size: 85%;">61 / 42 (16 / 6) </td> <td data-sort-value="55.4" title="average temperature: 55.4" style="background: #FFAA89; font-size: 85%;">66 / 45 (19 / 7) </td> <td data-sort-value="59.1" title="average temperature: 59.1" style="background: #FF956C; font-size: 85%;">71 / 47 (22 / 8) </td> <td data-sort-value="64.9" title="average temperature: 64.9" style="background: #FF7540; font-size: 85%;">78 / 52 (26 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="70.3" title="average temperature: 70.3" style="background: #FF5717; font-size: 85%;">85 / 56 (29 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="73.6" title="average temperature: 73.6" style="background: #FF4500; font-size: 85%;">90 / 58 (32 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="73.1" title="average temperature: 73.1" style="background: #FF4802; font-size: 85%;">89 / 57 (32 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="71.0" title="average temperature: 71.0" style="background: #FF5311; font-size: 85%;">86 / 56 (30 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="64.3" title="average temperature: 64.3" style="background: #FF7946; font-size: 85%;">78 / 51 (26 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="54.6" title="average temperature: 54.6" style="background: #FFAE8F; font-size: 85%;">65 / 44 (18 / 7) </td> <td data-sort-value="47.1" title="average temperature: 47.1" style="background: #FFD8C9; font-size: 85%;">55 / 39 (13 / 4) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="58.1" title="average temperature: 51.2" style="background: #FFC1A9; font-size: 85%;">58 / 44 (14 / 7) </td> <td data-sort-value="54.2" title="average temperature: 54.2" style="background: #FFB193; font-size: 85%;">67 / 47 (19 / 8) </td> <td data-sort-value="56.2" title="average temperature: 56.2" style="background: #FFA684; font-size: 85%;">64 / 49 (18 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="58.2" title="average temperature: 58.2" style="background: #FF9A73; font-size: 85%;">66 / 50 (19 / 10) </td> <td data-sort-value="60.7" title="average temperature: 60.7" style="background: #FF8D61; font-size: 85%;">69 / 53 (21 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="63.2" title="average temperature: 63.2" style="background: #FF7F4E; font-size: 85%;">72 / 55 (22 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="64.1" title="average temperature: 64.1" style="background: #FF7A47; font-size: 85%;">72 / 56 (22 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="65.3" title="average temperature: 65.3" style="background: #FF733E; font-size: 85%;">73 / 58 (23 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="65.6" title="average temperature: 65.6" style="background: #FF713B; font-size: 85%;">74 / 57 (23 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="63.0" title="average temperature: 63.0" style="background: #FF804F; font-size: 85%;">72 / 54 (22 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="56.9" title="average temperature: 56.9" style="background: #FFA27E; font-size: 85%;">65 / 49 (18 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="51.5" title="average temperature: 51.5" style="background: #FFC0A8; font-size: 85%;">58 / 45 (14 / 7) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="51.3" title="average temperature: 51.3" style="background: #FFC1A9; font-size: 85%;">57 / 46 (14 / 8) </td> <td data-sort-value="53.9" title="average temperature: 53.9" style="background: #FFB294; font-size: 85%;">60 / 48 (16 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" style="background: #FFAC8C; font-size: 85%;">62 / 49 (17 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="56.2" title="average temperature: 56.2" style="background: #FFA684; font-size: 85%;">63 / 49 (17 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" style="background: #FF9E79; font-size: 85%;">64 / 51 (18 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="59.6" title="average temperature: 59.6" style="background: #FF936A; font-size: 85%;">66 / 53 (19 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="60.3" title="average temperature: 60.3" style="background: #FF8F64; font-size: 85%;">66 / 54 (19 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="61.6" title="average temperature: 61.6" style="background: #FF885A; font-size: 85%;">68 / 55 (20 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="62.7" title="average temperature: 62.7" style="background: #FF8151; font-size: 85%;">70 / 55 (21 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="61.5" title="average temperature: 61.5" style="background: #FF885A; font-size: 85%;">69 / 54 (21 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="56.6" title="average temperature: 56.6" style="background: #FFA380; font-size: 85%;">63 / 50 (17 / 10) </td> <td data-sort-value="51.6" title="average temperature: 51.6" style="background: #FFBFA6; font-size: 85%;">57 / 46 (14 / 8) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="50.1" title="average temperature: 50.1" style="background: #FFC7B1; font-size: 85%;">58 / 42 (14 / 6) </td> <td data-sort-value="53.3" title="average temperature: 53.3" style="background: #FFB69A; font-size: 85%;">62 / 45 (17 / 7) </td> <td data-sort-value="56.2" title="average temperature: 56.2" style="background: #FFA684; font-size: 85%;">66 / 47 (19 / 8) </td> <td data-sort-value="58.9" title="average temperature: 58.9" style="background: #FF976F; font-size: 85%;">69 / 49 (21 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="63.4" title="average temperature: 63.4" style="background: #FF7E4D; font-size: 85%;">74 / 52 (23 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="67.5" title="average temperature: 67.5" style="background: #FF672D; font-size: 85%;">79 / 56 (26 / 13) </td> <td data-sort-value="70.0" title="average temperature: 70.0" style="background: #FF591A; font-size: 85%;">82 / 58 (28 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="70.1" title="average temperature: 70.1" style="background: #FF5818; font-size: 85%;">82 / 58 (28 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="68.5" title="average temperature: 68.5" style="background: #FF6125; font-size: 85%;">80 / 57 (27 / 14) </td> <td data-sort-value="63.2" title="average temperature: 63.2" style="background: #FF7F4E; font-size: 85%;">74 / 53 (23 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" style="background: #FFAC8C; font-size: 85%;">64 / 46 (18 / 8) </td> <td data-sort-value="50.0" title="average temperature: 50.0" style="background: #FFC8B3; font-size: 85%;">58 / 42 (14 / 6) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="49.1" title="average temperature: 49.1" style="background: #FFCDBA; font-size: 85%;">59 / 39 (15 / 4) </td> <td data-sort-value="52.2" title="average temperature: 52.2" style="background: #FFBCA2; font-size: 85%;">63 / 41 (17 / 5) </td> <td data-sort-value="54.8" title="average temperature: 54.8" style="background: #FFAD8D; font-size: 85%;">67 / 43 (19 / 6) </td> <td data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" style="background: #FF9E79; font-size: 85%;">70 / 45 (21 / 7) </td> <td data-sort-value="61.4" title="average temperature: 61.4" style="background: #FF895C; font-size: 85%;">75 / 48 (24 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="65.9" title="average temperature: 65.9" style="background: #FF7039; font-size: 85%;">80 / 52 (27 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="67.3" title="average temperature: 67.3" style="background: #FF672E; font-size: 85%;">82 / 52 (28 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="67.7" title="average temperature: 67.7" style="background: #FF662C; font-size: 85%;">83 / 53 (28 / 12) </td> <td data-sort-value="67.4" title="average temperature: 67.4" style="background: #FF672D; font-size: 85%;">83 / 52 (28 / 11) </td> <td data-sort-value="63.1" title="average temperature: 63.1" style="background: #FF7F4E; font-size: 85%;">78 / 48 (26 / 9) </td> <td data-sort-value="54.8" title="average temperature: 54.8" style="background: #FFAD8D; font-size: 85%;">67 / 43 (19 / 6) </td> <td data-sort-value="49.0" title="average temperature: 49.0" style="background: #FFCEBB; font-size: 85%;">59 / 39 (15 / 4) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_the_San_Francisco_Estuary" title="Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary">Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_species_endemic_to_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area">List of species endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arastradero_Coyote_(2079329003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg/220px-Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg/330px-Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg/440px-Arastradero_Coyote_%282079329003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1783" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Arastradero_Preserve" title="Arastradero Preserve">Arastradero Preserve</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marine_wildlife">Marine wildlife</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marine wildlife">edit</a>]</div> The Bay Area is home to a diverse array of <a href="/wiki/Wildlife" title="Wildlife">wildlife</a> and, along with the connected <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_River_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="San Joaquin River Delta">San Joaquin River Delta</a> represents one of California's most important ecological habitats.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> California's <a href="/wiki/Dungeness_crab" title="Dungeness crab">Dungeness crab</a>, Pacific <a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a>, and the California <a href="/wiki/Scorpionfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scorpionfish">scorpionfish</a> are all significant components of the bay's <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">fisheries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The bay's <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marshes</a> now represent most of California's remaining salt marsh and support a number of endangered <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> and provide key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> from the rivers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Most famously, the bay is a key link in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Flyway" title="Pacific Flyway">Pacific Flyway</a> and with millions of <a href="/wiki/Shorebirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorebirds">shorebirds</a> annually visiting the bay shallows as a refuge, is the most important component of the flyway south of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> of birds are also found here: the <a href="/wiki/California_least_tern" title="California least tern">California least tern</a>, the <a href="/wiki/California_clapper_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="California clapper rail">California clapper rail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Snowy_egret" title="Snowy egret">snowy egret</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_crowned_night_heron" class="mw-redirect" title="Black crowned night heron">black crowned night heron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of river otter sunning on rocks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg/220px-River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg/330px-River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg/440px-River_otter_Richmond_Marina_Scott_Campbell_July_29%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">River otters</a> sunning on rocks in the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Inner_Harbor" title="Richmond Inner Harbor">Inner Harbor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a></figcaption></figure> There is also a significant diversity of <a href="/wiki/Salmonids" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmonids">salmonids</a> present in the bay. <a href="/wiki/Steelhead" title="Steelhead">Steelhead</a> populations in California have dramatically declined due to human and natural causes; in the Bay Area, all naturally spawned <a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">anadromous</a> steelhead populations below natural and manmade impassable barriers in California streams from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_River_(California)" title="Russian River (California)">Russian River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aptos_Creek" title="Aptos Creek">Aptos Creek</a>, and the drainages of San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun Bays are listed as threatened under the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Federal Endangered Species Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The Central California Coast <a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho salmon</a> population is the most endangered of the many troubled salmon populations on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">west coast of the United States</a>, including populations residing in <a href="/wiki/Tributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tributaries">tributaries</a> to San Francisco Bay.<a href="#cite_note-Science-96">[96]</a> California Coast <a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">Chinook salmon</a> were historically native to the <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_(California)" title="Guadalupe River (California)">Guadalupe River</a> in San Francisco Bay, and Chinook salmon runs persist today in the Guadalupe River, <a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County)" title="Coyote Creek (Santa Clara County)">Coyote Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_River" title="Napa River">Napa River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walnut_Creek_(Contra_Costa_County)" title="Walnut Creek (Contra Costa County)">Walnut Creek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Industrial, mining, and other uses of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> have resulted in a widespread distribution of that poisonous metal in the bay, with uptake in the bay's <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a> and contamination of its <a href="/wiki/Game_fish" title="Game fish">sportfish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg/220px-Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg/330px-Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg/440px-Beaver_Yearling_Grooming_Alhambra_Creek_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martinez_beavers" title="Martinez beavers">Martinez beaver</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Creek" title="Alhambra Creek">Alhambra Creek</a></figcaption></figure> Aquatic mammals are also present in the bay. Before 1825, Spanish, French, English, Russians and Americans were drawn to the Bay Area to harvest prodigious quantities of <a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">river otter</a>, marten, fisher, mink, fox, weasel, harbor and <a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otter</a>. This early fur trade, known as the <a href="/wiki/California_Fur_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Fur Rush">California Fur Rush</a>, was more than any other single factor, responsible for opening up the West and the San Francisco Bay Area, in particular, to world trade.<a href="#cite_note-Skinner-99">[99]</a> By 1817 sea otter in the area were practically eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Since then, the <a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">California golden beaver</a> re-established a presence in <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Creek" title="Alhambra Creek">Alhambra Creek</a>, followed by the Napa River and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Creek" title="Sonoma Creek">Sonoma Creek</a> in the north, and the Guadalupe River and Coyote Creek in the south.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter</a> which was first reported in <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Creek_(Marin_County)" title="Redwood Creek (Marin County)">Redwood Creek</a> at <a href="/wiki/Muir_Beach,_California" title="Muir Beach, California">Muir Beach</a> in 1996,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> has since been spotted in the North Bay's <a href="/wiki/Corte_Madera_Creek_(Marin_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corte Madera Creek (Marin County, California)">Corte Madera Creek</a>, the South Bay's <a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County)" title="Coyote Creek (Santa Clara County)">Coyote Creek</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> as well as in 2010 in San Francisco Bay itself at the <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond Marina</a>. Other mammals include the internationally famous <a href="/wiki/Sea_lions" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea lions">sea lions</a> who began inhabiting San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Pier_39" title="Pier 39">Pier 39</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake">1989 Loma Prieta earthquake</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> and the locally famous <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_the_Whale" title="Humphrey the Whale">Humphrey the Whale</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whale</a> who entered San Francisco Bay twice on errant migrations in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">Bottlenose dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">harbor porpoises</a> have recently returned to the bay, having been absent for many decades. Historically, this was the northern extent of their warm-water species range.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Birds">Birds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Birds">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay,_California,_USA_-flying-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/220px-Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/330px-Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg/440px-Himantopus_mexicanus_-San_Francisco_Bay%2C_California%2C_USA_-flying-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4151" data-file-height="2757" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black-necked_stilt" title="Black-necked stilt">Black-necked stilts</a> in flight at the <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Baylands_Nature_Preserve" title="Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve">Baylands Nature Preserve</a></figcaption></figure> In addition to the many species of marine birds that can be seen in the Bay Area, many other species of birds make the Bay Area their home, making the region a popular destination for <a href="/wiki/Birdwatching" title="Birdwatching">birdwatching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Many birds are listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> despite once being common in the region. <a href="/wiki/Burrowing_owl" title="Burrowing owl">Western burrowing owls</a> were originally listed as a <a href="/wiki/California_species_of_special_concern" title="California species of special concern">species of special concern</a> by the <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Fish_and_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="California Department of Fish and Game">California Department of Fish and Game</a> in 1979. California's population declined 60% from the 1980s to the early 1990s, and continues to decline at roughly 8% per year.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> A 1992–93 survey reported little to no breeding burrowing owls in most of the western counties in the Bay Area, leaving only <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Contra Costa County">Contra Costa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solano_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Solano County">Solano</a> counties as remnants of a once large breeding range.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of a family of burrowing owls inside their holes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg/220px-Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg/330px-Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg/440px-Burrowing_Owl_in_Antioch_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Burrowing_owl" title="Burrowing owl">burrowing owl</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bald eagles">Bald eagles</a> were once common in the Bay Area, but habitat destruction and thinning of eggs from <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> poisoning reduced the California state population to 35 nesting pairs. Bald eagles disappeared from the Bay Area in 1915, and only began returning in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-baldeagle-110">[110]</a> In the 1980s an effort to re-introduce the species to the area began with the Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Zoo" title="San Francisco Zoo">San Francisco Zoo</a> importing birds and eggs from <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> and northeastern California,<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> and there are now nineteen nesting couples in eight of the Bay Area's nine counties.<a href="#cite_note-baldeagle-110">[110]</a> Other once absent species that have returned to the Bay Area include <a href="/wiki/Swainson%27s_hawk" title="Swainson's hawk">Swainson's hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_tailed_kite" class="mw-redirect" title="White tailed kite">white tailed kite</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Osprey" title="Osprey">osprey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-baldeagle-110">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_Area_(22533598484).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg/220px-Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg/330px-Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg/440px-Bay_Area_%2822533598484%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heermann%27s_gull" title="Heermann's gull">Heermann's gulls</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Double_crested_cormorant" class="mw-redirect" title="Double crested cormorant">double crested cormorant</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Western_gull" title="Western gull">Western gull</a> at <a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_National_Seashore" title="Point Reyes National Seashore">Point Reyes National Seashore</a></figcaption></figure> In 1927, <a href="/wiki/Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoologist">zoologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell" title="Joseph Grinnell">Joseph Grinnell</a> wrote that osprey were only rare visitors to the San Francisco Bay Area, although he noted records of one or two used nests in the broken tops of <a href="/wiki/Coast_redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast redwood">redwood</a> trees along the <a href="/wiki/Russian_River_(California)" title="Russian River (California)">Russian River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In 1989, the southern breeding range of the osprey in the Bay Area was <a href="/wiki/Kent_Lake" title="Kent Lake">Kent Lake</a>, although osprey were noted to be extending their range further south in the Central Valley and the Sierra Nevada.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In 2014, a Bay Area-wide survey found osprey had extended their breeding range southward with nesting sites as far south as <a href="/wiki/Bayview-Hunters_Point,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco">Hunters Point</a> in San Francisco on the west side and <a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a> on the east side, while further studies have found nesting sites as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Gatos Creek (Santa Clara County, California)">Los Gatos Creek</a> watershed, indicating that the nesting range now includes the entire length of San Francisco Bay.<a href="#cite_note-Bousman2007-114">[114]</a> Most nests were built on man-made structures close to areas of human disturbance, likely due to lack of mature trees near the Bay.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkey</a> population was introduced in the 1960s by state game officials, and by 2015 have become a common sight in East Bay communities.<a href="#cite_note-rub-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology_and_landforms">Geology and landforms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geology and landforms">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2,_2019-03-11_(small_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A satellite image of the Bay Area, depicting features visible from space." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg/220px-Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg/330px-Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg/440px-Bay_Area_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2019-03-11_%28small_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10200" data-file-height="10776" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photo of the Bay Area taken in March 2019. The gray areas are signs of <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> and represent the most populated areas.</figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is well known for the complexity of its landforms that are the result of the forces of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a> acting over of millions of years, since the region is located in the middle of a meeting point between two plates.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Nine out of eleven distinct assemblages have been identified in a single county, Alameda.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Diverse assemblages adjoin in complex arrangements due to offsets along the many faults (both active and stable) in the area. As a consequence, many types of rock and soil are found in the region. The oldest rocks are <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamorphic rocks">metamorphic rocks</a> that are associated with granite in the <a href="/wiki/Salinian_Block" title="Salinian Block">Salinian Block</a> west of the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>. These were formed from <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary">sedimentary</a> rocks of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> in uplifted seabeds.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Volcanic deposits also exist in the Bay Area, left behind by the movement of the San Andreas Fault, whose movement sliced a subduction plate and allowed magma to briefly flow to the surface.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The region has considerable vertical relief in its landscapes that are not in the <a href="/wiki/Alluvial_plain" title="Alluvial plain">alluvial plains</a> leading to the bay or in the inland valleys. The topography, and geologic history, of the Bay Area can largely be attributed to the compressive forces between the Pacific Plate and the North American plate.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eq-prob.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map tracing all the fault lines in the Bay Area, and listing probabilities of earthquakes occurring on them." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eq-prob.jpg/170px-Eq-prob.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eq-prob.jpg/255px-Eq-prob.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eq-prob.jpg/340px-Eq-prob.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>A map displaying each of the seven major fault lines in the Bay Area and the probability of an <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(earthquake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnitude (earthquake)">M6.7</a> or higher earthquake occurring between 2003 and 2032</figcaption></figure> The three major ridge structures in the Bay Area, part of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Coast Range">Pacific Coast Range</a>, are all roughly parallel to the major <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faults</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains" title="Santa Cruz Mountains">Santa Cruz Mountains</a> along the San Francisco Peninsula and the <a href="/wiki/Marin_Hills" title="Marin Hills">Marin Hills</a> in Marin County follow the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas fault</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hills" title="Berkeley Hills">Berkeley Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Leandro_Hills" title="San Leandro Hills">San Leandro Hills</a> and their southern ridgeline extension through <a href="/wiki/Mission_Peak" title="Mission Peak">Mission Peak</a> roughly follow the <a href="/wiki/Hayward_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayward Fault">Hayward fault</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Mount_Diablo" title="Mount Diablo">Mount Diablo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(California)" title="Mount Hamilton (California)">Mount Hamilton</a> and runs along the <a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Fault" title="Calaveras Fault">Calaveras fault</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In total, the Bay Area is traversed by seven major <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake fault">fault</a> systems with hundreds of related faults, all of which are stressed by the relative motion between the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American Plate</a> or by compressive stresses between these plates. The fault systems include the <a href="/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone" title="Hayward Fault Zone">Hayward Fault Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concord_Fault" title="Concord Fault">Concord-Green Valley Fault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calaveras_Fault" title="Calaveras Fault">Calaveras Fault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clayton-Marsh_Creek-Greenville_Fault" title="Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault">Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_Creek_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodgers Creek Fault">Rodgers Creek Fault</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_Fault" title="San Gregorio Fault">San Gregorio Fault</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Significant blind <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust faults</a> (faults with near vertical motion and no surface ruptures) are associated with portions of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains" title="Santa Cruz Mountains">Santa Cruz Mountains</a> and the northern reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Diablo" title="Mount Diablo">Mount Diablo</a>. These "hidden" faults, which are not as well known, pose a significant earthquake hazard.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Among the more well-understood faults, as of 2014, scientists estimate a 72% probability of a <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake magnitude">magnitude</a> 6.7 earthquake occurring along either the Hayward, Rogers Creek, or San Andreas fault, with an earthquake more likely to occur in the East Bay's Hayward Fault.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Two of the largest earthquakes in recent history were the <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake">1989 Loma Prieta earthquake</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hydrography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hydrography_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area">Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of all the water features in the Bay Area." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif/220px-Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif/330px-Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif/440px-Sf_Estuary_Historical.gif 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>A map of the water features in the San Francisco Bay Area, including the bay and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Marshes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshes">marshes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">ponds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tributaries">tributaries</a></figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is home to a complex network of watersheds, marshes, rivers, creeks, reservoirs, and bays that predominantly drain into the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> and Pacific Ocean. The largest bodies of water in the Bay Area are the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun</a> estuaries. Major rivers of the <a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Napa_River" title="Napa River">Napa River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Petaluma_River" title="Petaluma River">Petaluma River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gualala_River" title="Gualala River">Gualala River</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_River_(California)" title="Russian River (California)">Russian River</a>; the former two drain into <a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a>, the latter two into the Pacific Ocean. In the South Bay, the <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_(California)" title="Guadalupe River (California)">Guadalupe River</a> drains into <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a> near <a href="/wiki/Alviso,_San_Jose,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Alviso, San Jose, California">Alviso</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> There are also several lakes present in the Bay Area, including man-made lakes like <a href="/wiki/Lake_Berryessa" title="Lake Berryessa">Lake Berryessa</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and natural albeit heavily modified lakes like <a href="/wiki/Lake_Merritt" title="Lake Merritt">Lake Merritt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Prior to the introduction of European agricultural methods, the shores of San Francisco Bay consisted mostly of tidal marshes.<a href="#cite_note-marshes-129">[129]</a> Today, the bay has been significantly altered heavily re-engineered to accommodate the needs of water delivery, shipping, agriculture, and urban development, with side effects including the loss of wetlands and the introduction of contaminants and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Approximately 85% of those marshes have been lost or destroyed, but about 50 marshes and marsh fragments remain.<a href="#cite_note-marshes-129">[129]</a> Huge tracts of the marshes were originally destroyed by farmers for agricultural purposes, then repurposed to serve as <a href="/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond" title="Salt evaporation pond">salt evaporation ponds</a> to produce salt for food and other purposes.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Today, regulations limit the destruction of tidal marshes, and large portions are currently being rehabilitated to their natural state.<a href="#cite_note-marshes-129">[129]</a> Over time, <a href="/wiki/Droughts_in_California" title="Droughts in California">droughts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">wildfires</a> have increased in frequency and become less seasonal and more year-round, further straining the region's <a href="/wiki/Water_security" title="Water security">water security</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>114,074</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>265,808</td><td></td><td>133.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>422,128</td><td></td><td>58.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>547,618</td><td></td><td>29.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>658,111</td><td></td><td>20.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>925,708</td><td></td><td>40.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>1,182,911</td><td></td><td>27.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>1,578,009</td><td></td><td>33.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>1,734,308</td><td></td><td>9.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>2,681,322</td><td></td><td>54.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>3,638,939</td><td></td><td>35.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>4,628,199</td><td></td><td>27.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>5,179,784</td><td></td><td>11.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>6,023,577</td><td></td><td>16.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>6,783,760</td><td></td><td>12.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>7,150,739</td><td></td><td>5.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>7,765,640</td><td></td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: right">Note: Nine-County Population Totals<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">[58]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area.png 2x" data-file-width="6090" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in the Bay Area</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>, the population of the nine-county Bay Area was 7.15 million, with 49.6% male and 50.4% female.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">[58]</a> Of these, approximately 2.3 million (32%) are foreign born.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In 2010 the racial makeup of the nine-county Bay Area was 52.5% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> (42.4% were <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic</a> and 10.1% were <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a>), 23.3% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, 6.7% non-Hispanic Black or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Native</a>, 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Americans">Pacific Islander</a>, 5.4% from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a> and 10.8% from other races.<a href="#cite_note-americanfactfinder-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> residents of any race formed 23.5% of the population. The Bay Area cities of <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suisun_City,_California" title="Suisun City, California">Suisun City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Leandro,_California" title="San Leandro, California">San Leandro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a> are among the most ethnically diverse cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-BusinessInsider-137">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a> form majorities of the population in <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma counties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">[58]</a> Whites also make up the majority in the eastern regions of the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay</a> centered around the <a href="/wiki/Lamorinda" title="Lamorinda">Lamorinda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a> areas.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">[58]</a> San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/North_Beach,_San_Francisco" title="North Beach, San Francisco">North Beach</a> district is considered the <a href="/wiki/Little_Italy" title="Little Italy">Little Italy</a> of the city, and was once home to a significant Italian-American community. San Francisco, Marin County<a href="#cite_note-asarb-138">[138]</a> and the Lamorinda area<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> all have substantial <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish</a> communities. There is a <a href="/wiki/Little_Russia" title="Little Russia">Little Russia</a> community in northwestern San Francisco, and there are Russian communities throughout the Bay Area, especially in San Mateo County and Santa Clara County; there are also Eastern European American groups such as Ukrainians and Poles in dozens of thousands to hundreds of thousands especially in San Francisco and in the Peninsula, including recent immigrants and American-born citizens of Eastern European descent. There are numerous Russian-, Ukrainian-, and Polish-speaking churches in San Francisco, the South Bay, the East Bay, and on the Peninsula. Like much of the U.S., the Bay Area has a large Irish population and this is reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_District,_San_Francisco" title="Richmond District, San Francisco">Richmond District</a> area of San Francisco. San Jose has a <a href="/wiki/Little_Portugal,_San_Jose" title="Little Portugal, San Jose">Little Portugal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino</a> population is spread throughout the Bay Area, but among the nine counties, the greatest number live in Santa Clara County, while Contra Costa County has seen the highest growth rate.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The largest Hispanic or Latino groups were those of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> (17.9%), <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a> (1.3%), <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> (0.6%) and <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan</a> (0.5%) ancestry. <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> make up the largest share of Hispanic residents in Napa county,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> while Central Americans make up the largest share in San Francisco, many of whom live in the <a href="/wiki/Mission_District,_San_Francisco" title="Mission District, San Francisco">Mission District</a> which is home to many residents of <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran American">Salvadoran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatemalan American">Guatemalan</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Maps of racial distribution according to 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, or Other (yellow)</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco,_Oakland,_Berkeley_(5560477152).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png/200px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png/300px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png/400px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Francisco%2C_Oakland%2C_Berkeley_%285560477152%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">San Francisco and Oakland</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg/200px-San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg/300px-San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg/400px-San_Jose_Demographics_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">San Jose</div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian-American</a> population in the Bay Area is one of the largest in North America. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian-Americans</a> make up the plurality in two major counties in the Bay Area: <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The largest Asian-American groups were those of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> (7.9%), <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a> (5.1%), <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a> (3.3%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a> (2.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a> (0.9%) heritage. Asian Americans also constitute a majority in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milpitas,_California" title="Milpitas, California">Milpitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_City,_California" title="Union City, California">Union City</a> and significant populations in <a href="/wiki/Dublin,_California" title="Dublin, California">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foster_City,_California" title="Foster City, California">Foster City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hercules,_California" title="Hercules, California">Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millbrae,_California" title="Millbrae, California">Millbrae</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Ramon,_California" title="San Ramon, California">San Ramon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>. The cities of San Jose and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> had the third and fourth most Asian-American residents in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> constitute 21.4% of the population and constitute the single largest ethnic group in the city.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The Bay Area is home to over 382,950 <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipino Americans</a>, one of the largest communities of Filipino people outside of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> with the largest proportion of Filipino Americans concentrating themselves within <a href="/wiki/American_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="American Canyon">American Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hercules,_California" title="Hercules, California">Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_San_Francisco,_California" title="South San Francisco, California">South San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_City,_California" title="Union City, California">Union City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Santa Clara county, and increasingly the East Bay, house a significant <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian American</a> community.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> There are more than 100,000 people of <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a> ancestry residing within <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> city limits, the largest Vietnamese population of any city proper in the world outside of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In addition, there is a sizable community of <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a> in Santa Clara county, where San Jose is located.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> East Bay cities such as <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a>, San Pablo, and Oakland, and the North Bay city of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a>, have plentiful populations of <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodians</a> in certain neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Pacific Islanders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongans</a> have the largest presence in <a href="/wiki/East_Palo_Alto,_California" title="East Palo Alto, California">East Palo Alto</a>, where they constitute over 7% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-EPA-151">[151]</a> San Bruno also has a large Tongan population and so does San Mateo and South San Francisco, which also have smaller communities of Samoans. The Visitacion Valley has a designated Pacific Islander district and Samoan and Tongans have a presence in Southeast San Francisco and Daly City's Bayshore neighborhood. The <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African-American</a> population of San Francisco was formerly substantial, had a thriving <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> scene and was known as "<a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> of the West." While black residents formed one-seventh of the city's population in 1970, today they have mostly moved to parts of the East Bay and North Bay, including <a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nytjazz-152">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a> and out of the Bay Area entirely.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The South Park neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a> was once home to a primarily black community until the 1980s, when many Latino immigrants settled in the area.<a href="#cite_note-southpark-154">[154]</a> Other cities with large numbers of African Americans include <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a> (28%),<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a> (26%),<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> East Palo Alto (17%)<a href="#cite_note-EPA-151">[151]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marin_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Marin City">Marin City</a> (38%).<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Suisun City and Vacaville both have African American populations that have accelerated in population since the 2000s. There are also Eritrean, Ethiopian and Nigerian communities. There is also a significant Middle Eastern and Balkan population. There are 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Armenian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian people">Armenians</a> in San Francisco, and some in the San Jose area. The San Jose area, especially the Campbell area and some areas off of San Jose's Stevens Creek Blvd contain a Bosnian community. There are several thousand Turks in San Francisco, and a Palestinian population is concentrated in Daly City and San Francisco. Since the economy of the Bay Area heavily relies on innovation and high-tech skills, a relatively educated population exists in the region. Roughly 87.4% of Bay Area residents have attained a high school degree or higher,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> while 46% of adults in the Bay Area have earned a post-secondary degree or higher.<a href="#cite_note-Scott-159">[159]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Counties by population and ethnicity </th></tr> <tr> <th>County </th> <th>Type </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Population </th> <th data-sort-type="number">White </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Other </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Asian </th> <th data-sort-type="number">African </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Native </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Hispanic </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,494,876</td> <td>46.2%</td> <td>13.8%</td> <td>26.2%</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>22.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,037,817</td> <td>63.2%</td> <td>12.5%</td> <td>14.3%</td> <td>9.1%</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>23.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>250,666</td> <td>79.9%</td> <td>11.0%</td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>14.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>135,377</td> <td>81.3%</td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>31.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">City and county</a></td> <td>870,887</td> <td>48.5%</td> <td>11.3%</td> <td>33.3%</td> <td>6.1%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>15.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>711,622</td> <td>59.6%</td> <td>11.1%</td> <td>24.6%</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>24.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,762,754</td> <td>50.9%</td> <td>13.8%</td> <td>31.8%</td> <td>2.6%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>26.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>411,620</td> <td>52.1%</td> <td>17.6%</td> <td>14.4%</td> <td>14.6%</td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>23.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>478,551</td> <td>81.6%</td> <td>11.3%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>24.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Counties by population and income </th></tr> <tr> <th>County </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Population </th> <th data-sort-type="currency">Per capita income </th> <th data-sort-type="currency">Median household income </th> <th data-sort-type="currency">Median family income </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,494,876</td> <td>$34,937</td> <td>$70,821</td> <td>$87,012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,037,817</td> <td>$38,141</td> <td>$79,135</td> <td>$93,437 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>250,666</td> <td>$54,605</td> <td>$89,605</td> <td>$113,826 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>135,377</td> <td>$35,309</td> <td>$68,641</td> <td>$79,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">City and county</a></td> <td>870,887</td> <td>$46,777</td> <td>$72,947</td> <td>$87,329 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>711,622</td> <td>$45,346</td> <td>$87,633</td> <td>$104,370 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>1,762,754</td> <td>$40,698</td> <td>$89,064</td> <td>$103,255 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>411,620</td> <td>$29,367</td> <td>$69,914</td> <td>$79,316 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></td> <td>478,551</td> <td>$33,119</td> <td>$64,343</td> <td>$78,227 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affluence">Affluence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Affluence">edit</a>]</div> The Bay Area is the wealthiest region per capita in the United States, due, primarily, to the economic power engines of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, San Francisco, and <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>. The Bay Area city of <a href="/wiki/Pleasanton,_California" title="Pleasanton, California">Pleasanton</a> has the second-highest household income in the country after <a href="/wiki/New_Canaan,_Connecticut" title="New Canaan, Connecticut">New Canaan, Connecticut</a>. However, discretionary income is very comparable with the rest of the country, primarily because the higher cost of living offsets the increased income.<a href="#cite_note-affluence-160">[160]</a> There are 285,000 millionaires living in the region, the third-highest among the world's metropolitan areas after <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo metropolitan area">Tokyo</a> as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-henley23-161">[161]</a> The amount of wealth held by Bay Area residents is about $2.6 trillion, the second-highest in the world after New York City, and just ahead of Tokyo as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-NWW21-162">[162]</a> By 2014, the Bay Area's <a href="/wiki/Wealth_gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth gap">wealth gap</a> was considerable: the top ten percent of income-earners took home over eleven times as much as the bottom ten percent,<a href="#cite_note-wealthinequality-163">[163]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> study found the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland%E2%80%93Hayward,_CA_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco–Oakland–Hayward, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area">San Francisco metro area</a>, which excludes four Bay Area counties, to be the third most unequal <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Statistical Area">urban area</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Among the wealthy, forty-seven Bay Area residents made <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine's 400 richest Americans list, published in 2007. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> Statistics regarding crime rates in the Bay Area generally fall into two categories: <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Property_crime" title="Property crime">property crime</a>. Historically, violent crime has been concentrated in a few cities in the East Bay, namely <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinez,_California" title="Martinez, California">Martinez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a>, but also in <a href="/wiki/East_Palo_Alto,_California" title="East Palo Alto, California">East Palo Alto</a> within the Peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a> in the North Bay, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-uneven-165">[165]</a> Nationally, Oakland's murder rate ranked 18th among cities with over 100,000 residents, and third for violent crimes per capita.<a href="#cite_note-fbireport-166">[166]</a> According to a 2015 <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> report, Oakland was also the source of the most violent crime in the Bay Area, with 16.9 reported incidents per thousand people. Vallejo came in second, at 8.7 incidents per thousand people, while San Pablo, Antioch, and San Francisco rounded out the top five. East Palo Alto, which used to have the Bay Area's highest murder rate, saw violent crime incidents drop 65% between 2013 and 2014, while Oakland saw violent crime incidents drop 15%.<a href="#cite_note-uneven-165">[165]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>, which was one of the safest large cities in the United States in the early 2000s, has seen its violent crime rates trend upwards.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Cities with the lowest rate of violent crime include the Peninsula cities of <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foster_City,_California" title="Foster City, California">Foster City</a>, East Bay cities of <a href="/wiki/San_Ramon,_California" title="San Ramon, California">San Ramon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danville,_California" title="Danville, California">Danville</a>, and southern foothill cities of <a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>. In 2015, 45 Bay Area cities counted zero homicides, the largest of which was <a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-uneven-165">[165]</a> In 2015, Oakland also saw the highest rates of property crime in the Bay Area, at 59.4 incidents per thousand residents, with San Francisco following close behind at 53 incidents per thousand residents. The East Bay cities <a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Hill,_California" title="Pleasant Hill, California">Pleasant Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Leandro,_California" title="San Leandro, California">San Leandro</a> rounded out the top five. <a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_California" title="Windsor, California">Windsor</a> saw the least rates of property crime.<a href="#cite_note-uneven-165">[165]</a> Additionally, San Francisco saw the most reports of arson.<a href="#cite_note-fbireport-166">[166]</a> Several street gangs operate in the Bay Area, including the <a href="/wiki/Sure%C3%B1os" title="Sureños">Sureños</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1os" title="Norteños">Norteños</a> in San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Mission_District,_San_Francisco" title="Mission District, San Francisco">Mission District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Oakland, which also sees organized gang violence, implemented <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ceasefire" title="Operation Ceasefire">Operation Ceasefire</a> in 2012 in an effort to reduce the violence,<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> with limited success. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/280px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/420px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg/560px-SJ_skyline_at_night_horizontal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">tech hub</a> in the world and home to <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a> companies like <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Meta Platforms, Inc.">Meta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uber_Technologies,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Uber Technologies, Inc.">Uber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Corporation">Nvidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.">AMD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Corp." title="X Corp.">X Corp.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, and others.</figcaption></figure> The three principal cities of the Bay Area represent separate employment clusters and are dominated by different but commingled industries. San Francisco is home to the region's <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial industry">financial industry</a>, and is host to numerous conventions. The East Bay, centered around Oakland, is home to heavy industry, <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, oil, and shipping, while San Jose is the heart of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> where a major pole of economic activity around the <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">technology</a> industry resides. Furthermore, the North Bay is a major player in the country's <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and wine industry.<a href="#cite_note-walker-64">[64]</a> In all, the Bay Area is home to the second highest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies, second only to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, with thirty such companies based throughout the region.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill,_San_Francisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/170px-Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/255px-Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg/340px-Montgomery_Street_from_Telegraph_Hill%2C_San_Francisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="3628" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_San_Francisco" title="Financial District, San Francisco">San Francisco's Financial District</a>, despite its declining importance,<a href="#cite_note-SanFranciscoFinancialDistrictDecline-171">[171]</a> has been called the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_West#"Wall_Street_of_the_West"" title="Wall Street West">Wall Street of the West</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 2019, the greater fourteen-county statistical area had a GDP of $1.086 trillion, the third-highest among <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined statistical areas">combined statistical areas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-www.bea.gov-172">[172]</a> The smaller nine-county Bay Area had a GDP of $995 billion in the same year, which nonetheless would rank it fifth <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP">among U.S. states</a> and 17th <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">among countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-www.bea.gov-172">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> caused an exodus of businesses from the downtown cores of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland, as remote work became more widespread, especially in the tech industry, and the area's locational relevance declined.<a href="#cite_note-SanFranExodus2-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-SanFranExodus4-174">[174]</a> Some observers have warned that this could lead to an economic <a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">doom loop</a> for Bay Area cities, particularly San Francisco,<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> while others have argued that these concerns are restricted to the downtown cores.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Many retailers in Downtown San Francisco and Downtown Oakland have closed since 2020,<a href="#cite_note-OaklandDoomLoop-177">[177]</a> with some citing complex challenges with visible homelessness and crime in the area.<a href="#cite_note-SanFranDoomLoop3-178">[178]</a> Additionally noted is the Bay Area's steadily decreasing lead in the geographically dispersing high technology field, and its relative geographical isolation from most North American and international commercial markets.<a href="#cite_note-NewYorkCloserThanEvertoBayAreaTech-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-ManhattanNowBiggestTechHub-180">[180]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Oakland_California_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Oakland" title="Port of Oakland">Port of Oakland</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_the_United_States" title="List of ports in the United States">36th busiest American port</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a>.</figcaption></figure> Despite this exodus, Bay Area is still the home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization" title="List of public corporations by market capitalization">four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization</a>; and several major corporations are still headquartered in the Bay Area, including <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clorox" title="Clorox">Clorox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a>; <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> company <a href="/wiki/PG%26E" class="mw-redirect" title="PG&E">PG&E</a>; financial service company <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa Inc.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Apparel" class="mw-redirect" title="Apparel">apparel</a> retailers <a href="/wiki/Gap_Inc." title="Gap Inc.">Gap Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss & Co.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Stores" title="Ross Stores">Ross Stores</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and defense contractor <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>; local <a href="/wiki/Grocer" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocer">grocer</a> <a href="/wiki/Safeway_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Safeway Inc.">Safeway</a>; and biotechnology companies <a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">Genentech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SanFranDoomLoop3-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The largest manufacturers include <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Inc.">Tesla Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Oakland" title="Port of Oakland">Port of Oakland</a> is the fifth-largest <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">container shipping port</a> in the United States, and Oakland is also a major <a href="/wiki/Rail_terminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail terminus">rail terminus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-North_America_Container_Traffic_Rankings-183">[183]</a> In research, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NASA_Ames_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Ames Research Center">Ames Research Center</a> and the federal research facility <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> are based in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livermore,_California" title="Livermore, California">Livermore</a>, respectively. In the North Bay, Napa and Sonoma counties are well known for their wineries, including <a href="/wiki/Fantesca_Estate_%26_Winery" title="Fantesca Estate & Winery">Fantesca Estate & Winery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domaine_Chandon_California" title="Domaine Chandon California">Domaine Chandon California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D%27Agostini_Winery" title="D'Agostini Winery">D'Agostini Winery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Domaine_Carneros,_Napa_Valley,_CA_USA_-_panoramio_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/220px-Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/330px-Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/440px-Domaine_Carneros%2C_Napa_Valley%2C_CA_USA_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2918" data-file-height="2188" /></a><figcaption>California's <a href="/wiki/Wine_Country" title="Wine Country">Wine Country</a>, centered around <a href="/wiki/Napa_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Napa County">Napa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonoma County">Sonoma</a>, is a world renowned <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>-growing region.</figcaption></figure> In spite of the San Francisco Bay Area's industries contributing to the aforementioned economic growth, there is a significant level of poverty in the region. Rising housing prices and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area are often framed as symptomatic of high-income tech workers moving in to previously low-income, underserved neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Two notable policy strategies to prevent eviction due to rising rents include rent control and subsidies such as <a href="/wiki/Section_8_(housing)" title="Section 8 (housing)">Section 8</a> and Shelter Plus Care.<a href="#cite_note-Whittle-2015-186">[186]</a> Moreover, in 2002, then San Francisco Supervisor Gavin Newsom introduced the "Care Not Cash" initiative, diverting funds away from cash handouts (which he argued encouraged drug use) to housing. This proved controversial, with some suggesting his rhetoric criminalized poverty, while others supporting the prioritizing of housing as a solution.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sausalito_May_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sausalito_May_2009.jpg/220px-Sausalito_May_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sausalito_May_2009.jpg/330px-Sausalito_May_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sausalito_May_2009.jpg/440px-Sausalito_May_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sausalito,_California" title="Sausalito, California">Sausalito</a>, in the North Bay, is a popular tourist destination.</figcaption></figure> Contrary to historical patterns of low incomes within the inner city, poverty rates in the Bay Area are shifting such that they are increasing more rapidly in suburban areas than in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-Soursourian-2012-188">[188]</a> It is not yet clear whether the suburbanization of poverty is due to the relocation of poor populations or shifting income levels in the respective regions. However, the mid-2000s housing boom encouraged city dwellers to move into the newly cheap houses in suburbs outside of the city, and these suburban housing developments were then most affected by the 2008 housing bubble burst. As such, people in poverty experience decreased access to transportation due to underdeveloped public transport infrastructure in suburban areas. Suburban poverty is most prevalent among Hispanics and Blacks, and affects native-born people more significantly than foreign-born.<a href="#cite_note-Soursourian-2012-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> As greater proportions of their incomes are spent on rent, many impoverished populations in the San Francisco Bay Area also face <a href="/wiki/Food_insecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Food insecurity">food insecurity</a> and health setbacks.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Housing">Housing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Housing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg/220px-San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg/330px-San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg/440px-San_Francisco_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Urban_density" title="Urban density">High density</a> urbanism in northeastern San Francisco</figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is the most expensive location to live in the United States outside of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCMostExpensive-192">[192]</a> Strong economic growth has created hundreds of thousands of new jobs, but coupled with severe zoning restrictions on building new housing units,<a href="#cite_note-Seattle_vs._S.F._housing-193">[193]</a> has resulted in an <a href="/wiki/California_housing_shortage" title="California housing shortage">extreme housing shortage</a>. For example, from 2012 to 2017, the San Francisco metropolitan area added 400,000 new jobs, but only 60,000 new housing units.<a href="#cite_note-homes_where_the_jobs_are-194">[194]</a> As of 2016, the entire Bay Area had 3.6 M jobs, and 2.6 M housing units, for a ratio of 1.4 jobs per housing unit,<a href="#cite_note-BA_jobs_to_housing_units-195">[195]</a> significantly above the ratio for the US as a whole, which stands at 1.1 jobs per housing unit. (152M jobs, 136M housing units<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-US-Census-Housing_Units-197">[197]</a>) As of 2017, the average income needed in order to purchase a house in the region was $179,390, while the median price for a house was $895,000 and the average cost of a home in the Bay Area being $440,000 - more than twice the national average, while the average monthly rent is $1,240 - 50 percent more than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In 2018, a Bay Area household income of $117,000 was classified as "low income" by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Homeless_encampment_in_Oakland_near_I-980_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area">Homeless encampment</a> in Oakland</figcaption></figure> With high costs of living, many Bay Area residents allocate large amounts of their income towards housing. 20 percent of Bay Area homeowners spend more than half their income on housing, while roughly 25 percent of renters in the Bay Area spend more than half of their incomes on rent.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Burden-201">[201]</a> Expending an average of more than $28,000 per year on housing in addition to roughly $13,400 on transportation, Bay Area residents spend around $41,420 per year to live in the region. This combined total of housing and transportation signifies 59 percent of the Bay Area's median household income, conveying the extreme costs of living.<a href="#cite_note-Bay_Area_Burden-201">[201]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolands_Chateau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Carolands_Chateau.jpg/220px-Carolands_Chateau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Carolands_Chateau.jpg/330px-Carolands_Chateau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Carolands_Chateau.jpg/440px-Carolands_Chateau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carolands" title="Carolands">Carolands</a> mansion in <a href="/wiki/Hillsborough,_California" title="Hillsborough, California">Hillsborough</a></figcaption></figure> The high rate of <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area">homelessness in the Bay Area</a> can be attributed to the high cost of living.<a href="#cite_note-Quigley-202">[202]</a> No approximate number of homeless people living in the Bay Area can be determined due to the difficulty of tracking homeless residents.<a href="#cite_note-Quigley-202">[202]</a> However, according to San Francisco's Department of Public Health, the number of homeless people in San Francisco alone is 9,975.<a href="#cite_note-Suzuki-203">[203]</a> Additionally, San Francisco was revealed to have the most unsheltered homeless people in the country.<a href="#cite_note-Suzuki-203">[203]</a> Because of the high cost of housing, many workers in the Bay Area live far from their place of employment, contributing to one of the highest percentages of <a href="/wiki/Extreme_commuting" title="Extreme commuting">extreme commuters</a> in the United States, or commutes that take over ninety minutes in one direction. For example, about 50,000 people commute from neighboring <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin County</a> into the nine-county Bay Area daily,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> and more extremely, some workers commute semimonthly by flying.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colleges and universities in the San Francisco Bay Area">List of colleges and universities in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_Bike_Tour_(7878570968)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San_Jose_Bike_Tour_%287878570968%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2981" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="San José State University">San José State University</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_schools_in_California" title="List of oldest schools in California">oldest public university</a> on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> and the founding campus of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is home to a large number of colleges and universities. The first institution of higher education in the Bay Area, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a>, was founded by <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> in 1851,<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> who also founded the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a> in 1855.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State University</a> was founded in 1857 and is the oldest public college on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>, 45% of residents of the two-county San Jose metro area have a college degree, and 43% of residents in the five-county San Francisco metro area have a college degree, the second and fourth-highest ranked metro areas in the country for higher educational attainment.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> is the highest ranked university in the Bay Area by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> and its business school is ranked No. 1 in the US, Canada, Europe and Asia by <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> has been the highest-ranked public university in the country for the past nineteen years.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Additionally, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_State_University" title="Sonoma State University">Sonoma State University</a> were ranked 3rd and 12th, respectively, among public colleges in the West Coast by U.S. News & World Report in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/200px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/300px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg/400px-Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg/200px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg/300px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg/400px-Stanford_University_Main_Quad_May_2011_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (top) and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> (bottom) are two of the highest ranked universities in the world.</div></div></div></div> The city of San Francisco is host to two additional <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> schools, neither of which confer <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> degrees. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</a>, is entirely dedicated to graduate education in health and biomedical sciences. It is ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> and operates the <a href="/wiki/UCSF_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSF Medical Center">UCSF Medical Center</a>, which is the highest-ranked hospital in California.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_College_of_the_Law,_San_Francisco" title="University of California College of the Law, San Francisco">University of California, College of the Law</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Civic_Center,_San_Francisco" title="Civic Center, San Francisco">Civic Center</a> in 1878, is the oldest law school in California and claims more judges on the state bench than any other institution.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The city is also host to a <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> school, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sfsu-216">[216]</a> Additional campuses of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a> system in the Bay Area are <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_East_Bay" title="California State University, East Bay">Cal State East Bay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_University_Maritime_Academy" title="California State University Maritime Academy">Cal Maritime</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_Community_Colleges_System" class="mw-redirect" title="California Community Colleges System">California Community Colleges System</a> also operates a number of <a href="/wiki/Community_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Community colleges">community colleges</a> in the Bay Area. According to <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>, the Bay Area community college with the highest "success" rate is <a href="/wiki/De_Anza_College" title="De Anza College">De Anza College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>, which is also the tenth-highest ranked in the nation. Other relatively well-ranked Bay Area community colleges include <a href="/wiki/Foothill_College" title="Foothill College">Foothill College</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_San_Francisco" title="City College of San Francisco">City College of San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Valley_College" title="West Valley College">West Valley College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Valley_College" title="Diablo Valley College">Diablo Valley College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Las_Positas_College" title="Las Positas College">Las Positas College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Many scholars have pointed out the overlap of education and the economy within the Bay Area. According to multiple reports, research universities such as Stanford University, University of California - Santa Cruz and University of California - Berkeley, are essential to the culture and economy in the area.<a href="#cite_note-Scott-159">[159]</a> These universities also provide public programs for people to learn and enhance skills relevant to the local economies. These opportunities not only provide educational services to the community, but also generate significant amounts of revenue.<a href="#cite_note-Scott-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary schools">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_California" title="List of high schools in California">List of high schools in California</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg/220px-Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg/330px-Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg/440px-Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Galileo Academy of Science and Technology">Galileo Academy of Science & Technology</a>, an <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Unified_School_District" title="San Francisco Unified School District">SFUSD</a> public school</figcaption></figure> Public primary and secondary education in the Bay Area is provided through school districts organized through three structures (elementary school districts, high school districts, or unified school districts) and are governed by an elected board. In addition, many Bay Area counties and the city of San Francisco operate "special service schools" that are geared towards providing education to students with handicaps or <a href="/wiki/Special_needs" title="Special needs">special needs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-publiceducation-218">[218]</a> An alternative public educational setting is offered by <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a>, which may be established with a renewable charter of up to five years by third parties. The mechanism for charter schools in the Bay Area is governed by the California Charter Schools Act of 1992.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Bellarmine-Sobrato-Center-1-1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2082" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bellarmine_College_Preparatory" title="Bellarmine College Preparatory">Bellarmine College Preparatory</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_schools_in_California" title="List of oldest schools in California">oldest schools in California</a>.</figcaption></figure> According to rankings compiled by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>, the highest-ranked high school in California is the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Collegiate_School" title="Pacific Collegiate School">Pacific Collegiate School</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a> and part of the greater Bay Area. Within the traditional nine-county boundaries, the highest ranked high school is <a href="/wiki/KIPP_San_Jose_Collegiate" title="KIPP San Jose Collegiate">KIPP San Jose Collegiate</a> in San Jose. Among the top twenty high schools in California include <a href="/wiki/Lowell_High_School_(San_Francisco)" title="Lowell High School (San Francisco)">Lowell High School</a> in San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Monta_Vista_High_School" title="Monta Vista High School">Monta Vista High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupertino">Cupertino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynbrook_High_School" title="Lynbrook High School">Lynbrook High School</a> in San Jose, the <a href="/wiki/University_Preparatory_Academy" title="University Preparatory Academy">University Preparatory Academy</a> in San Jose, <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Jose_High_School" title="Mission San Jose High School">Mission San Jose High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Charter_High_School" title="Oakland Charter High School">Oakland Charter High School</a> in Oakland, <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Gunn_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry M. Gunn High School">Henry M. Gunn High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilroy_Early_College_Academy" title="Gilroy Early College Academy">Gilroy Early College Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gilroy,_California" title="Gilroy, California">Gilroy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_High_School_(California)" title="Saratoga High School (California)">Saratoga High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area">Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A transit map with lines depicting routes operated by various public rail agencies in the Bay Area." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png/220px-Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png/330px-Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png/440px-Bayarea_rail_transit_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="2440" data-file-height="3121" /></a><figcaption>The Bay Area is served by a variety of rail transit systems, including <a href="/wiki/Altamont_Corridor_Express" title="Altamont Corridor Express">ACE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">BART</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caltrain" title="Caltrain">Caltrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muni_Metro" title="Muni Metro">Muni Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonoma%E2%80%93Marin_Area_Rail_Transit" title="Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit">SMART</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley_Transportation_Authority" title="Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority">VTA</a>.</figcaption></figure> Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area is reliant on a complex multimodal infrastructure consisting of roads, bridges, highways, rail, tunnels, airports, ferries, and bike and pedestrian paths. The development, maintenance, and operation of these different modes of transportation are overseen by various agencies, including the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Municipal_Transportation_Agency" title="San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency">San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Commission_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)">Metropolitan Transportation Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> These and other organizations collectively manage several <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">interstate highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_highways_in_California" title="State highways in California">state routes</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> networks, three <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> agencies, eight trans-bay bridges, transbay ferry service, local <a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">bus</a> service,<a href="#cite_note-seamlesstransit-222">[222]</a> three <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airports</a> (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport" title="San Francisco International Airport">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_International_Airport" title="San Jose International Airport">San Jose</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Oakland_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport">Oakland</a>),<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> and an extensive network of roads, tunnels, and paths such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Trail" title="San Francisco Bay Trail">San Francisco Bay Trail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The Bay Area hosts an extensive freeway and highway system that is particularly prone to <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, with one study by <a href="/wiki/Inrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Inrix">Inrix</a> concluding that the Bay Area's traffic was the fourth worst in the world.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> There are some city streets in San Francisco where gaps occur in the freeway system, partly the result of the <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolts_in_the_United_States#San_Francisco" title="Highway revolts in the United States">Freeway Revolt</a>, which prevented a freeway-only thoroughfare through San Francisco between the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a>, the western terminus of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_California" title="Interstate 80 in California">Interstate 80</a>, and the southern terminus of the Golden Gate Bridge (<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_101_in_California" title="U.S. Route 101 in California">U.S. Route 101</a>).<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Additional damage that occurred in the wake of the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Loma_Prieta_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Loma Prieta earthquake">Loma Prieta earthquake</a> resulted in freeway segments being removed instead of being reinforced or rebuilt, leading to the revitalization of neighborhoods such as San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_(San_Francisco)" title="Embarcadero (San Francisco)">Embarcadero</a> and Hayes Valley.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> The greater Bay Area contains the three principal north–south highways in California: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5">Interstate 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_101" title="U.S. Route 101">U.S. Route 101</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_1" title="California State Route 1">California State Route 1</a>. U.S. 101 and State Route 1 directly serve the traditional nine-county region, while Interstate 5 bypasses to the east in San Joaquin County to provide a more direct <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> route. Additional local highways connect the various subregions of the Bay Area together.<a href="#cite_note-catg-228">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton,_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg/220px-BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg/330px-BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg/440px-BART_D_car_on_display_at_Dublin-Pleasanton%2C_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3915" data-file-height="3110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART) serves <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit_stations" title="List of Bay Area Rapid Transit stations">50 stations</a> across the region, excluding the North Bay counties.</figcaption></figure> There are over two dozen <a href="/wiki/Public_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transit">public transit</a> agencies in the Bay Area with overlapping service areas that utilize different <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_transport" title="Mode of transport">modes</a>, with designated connection points between the various operators. <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> (BART), a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy rail">heavy rail</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">metro</a> system, operates in five counties and connects San Francisco and Oakland via the <a href="/wiki/Transbay_Tube" title="Transbay Tube">Transbay Tube</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> systems link San Francisco with the Peninsula and San Jose (<a href="/wiki/Caltrain" title="Caltrain">Caltrain</a>), San Jose with the <a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-Valley Area">Tri-Valley Area</a> and San Joaquin County (<a href="/wiki/Altamont_Corridor_Express" title="Altamont Corridor Express">ACE</a>), and Sonoma with Marin County (<a href="/wiki/Sonoma%E2%80%93Marin_Area_Rail_Transit" title="Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit">SMART</a>).<a href="#cite_note-seamlesstransit-222">[222]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> provides frequent commuter service between San Jose and the East Bay with <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, and long-distance service to other parts of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muni_Metro" title="Muni Metro">Muni Metro</a> operates a hybrid <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> system within the city of San Francisco, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley_Transportation_Authority" title="Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority">VTA</a> operates a <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system in Santa Clara County. These rail systems are supplemented by numerous bus agencies and transbay <a href="/wiki/Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferries">ferries</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Ferry" title="Golden Gate Ferry">Golden Gate Ferry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Ferry" title="San Francisco Bay Ferry">San Francisco Bay Ferry</a>. Most of these agencies accept the <a href="/wiki/Clipper_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Clipper Card">Clipper Card</a>, a reloadable <a href="/wiki/Contactless_smart_card" title="Contactless smart card">contactless smart card</a>, as a universal electronic payment system.<a href="#cite_note-seamlesstransit-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Politics in the San Francisco Bay Area">Politics in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area">List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG/220px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG/330px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG/440px-San_Francisco_City_Hall_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Francisco" title="Government of San Francisco">Government of San Francisco</a> is based at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall" title="San Francisco City Hall">San Francisco City Hall</a>.</figcaption></figure> Government in the San Francisco Bay Area consists of multiple actors, including 101 city and nine county governments, a dozen regional agencies, and a large number of single-purpose <a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">special districts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Municipal_utility_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal utility district">municipal utility districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">transit districts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Incorporated cities are responsible for providing police service, zoning, issuing building permits, and maintaining public streets among other duties.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> County governments are responsible for elections and voter registration, vital records, property assessment and records, tax collection, public health, agricultural regulations, and building inspections, among other duties.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Public education is provided by independent school districts, which may be organized as elementary districts, high school districts, unified school districts combining elementary and high school grades, or community college districts, and are managed by an elected school board.<a href="#cite_note-publiceducation-218">[218]</a> A variety of special districts also exist and provide a single purpose, such as delivering public transit in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit_District" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit District">Bay Area Rapid Transit District</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> or monitoring air quality levels in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Air_Quality_Management_District" title="Bay Area Air Quality Management District">Bay Area Air Quality Management District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutbaaqmd-67">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanjosecityhall_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sanjosecityhall_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2161" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Jose" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of San Jose">Government of San Jose</a> is based at <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_City_Hall" title="San Jose City Hall">San Jose City Hall</a>.</figcaption></figure> Politics in the Bay Area is widely regarded as one of the most <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Since the late 1960s, the Bay Area has cemented its role as the most liberal region in California politics, giving greater support for the <a href="/wiki/Center-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-left">center-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s candidates than any other region of the state, even as California trended towards the Democratic Party over time.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-237">[237]</a> According to research by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Policy_Institute_of_California" title="Public Policy Institute of California">Public Policy Institute of California</a>, the Bay Area and the <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a> counties of <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a> were the most consistently and strongly liberal areas in California.<a href="#cite_note-PPIC-237">[237]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/California_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="California Secretary of State">California Secretary of State</a>, the Democratic Party holds a voter registration advantage in every <a href="/wiki/California%27s_congressional_districts" title="California's congressional districts">congressional district</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="California State Senate districts">State Senate district</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly_districts" title="California State Assembly districts">State Assembly district</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Board_of_Equalization_(California)#Equalization_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="State Board of Equalization (California)">State Board of Equalization district</a>, all nine counties, and all of the 101 incorporated municipalities in the Bay Area. On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Center-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Center-right">center-right</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> holds a voter registration advantage in only one State Assembly sub-district (the portion of the <a href="/wiki/California%27s_4th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 4th State Assembly district">4th</a> in <a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano County</a>).<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Partisan_Voting_Index" title="Cook Partisan Voting Index">Cook Partisan Voting Index</a> (CPVI), the Bay Area's districts tend to favor Democratic candidates by roughly 40 to 50 percentage points, considerably above the mean for California and the nation overall.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable" style="width: 100%"> <caption>Bay Area counties by population and voter registration </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>County </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Population<a href="#cite_note-US-CB-B02001-240">[240]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Registered voters<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Democratic<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Republican<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">D–R spread<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">American Independent<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Green<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Libertarian<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Peace and Freedom<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Americans Elect<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Other<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number">No party preference<a href="#cite_note-CA-SS-241">[241]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda</a></td> <td>1,494,876</td> <td>87.97%</td> <td>60.03%</td> <td>10.93%</td> <td>+49.1%</td> <td>2.16%</td> <td>0.56%</td> <td>0.64%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.60%</td> <td>24.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></td> <td>1,037,817</td> <td>93.24%</td> <td>53.26%</td> <td>18.51%</td> <td>+34.75%</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.86%</td> <td>0.39%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>22.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></td> <td>250,666</td> <td>97.66%</td> <td>61.42%</td> <td>12.63%</td> <td>+48.79%</td> <td>2.66%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.78%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.48%</td> <td>20.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></td> <td>135,377</td> <td>94.51%</td> <td>50.02%</td> <td>21.39%</td> <td>+28.63%</td> <td>3.59%</td> <td>0.57%</td> <td>1.15%</td> <td>0.38%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.68%</td> <td>21.78% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></td> <td>870,887</td> <td>78.56%</td> <td>62.67%</td> <td>6.74%</td> <td>+55.94</td> <td>1.71%</td> <td>0.54%</td> <td>0.58%</td> <td>0.34%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>25.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></td> <td>711,622</td> <td>88.59%</td> <td>55.54%</td> <td>14.12%</td> <td>+41.42%</td> <td>2.43%</td> <td>0.39%</td> <td>0.72%</td> <td>0.31%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.58%</td> <td>25.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></td> <td>1,762,754</td> <td>85.68%</td> <td>50.44%</td> <td>16.64%</td> <td>+33.81%</td> <td>2.41%</td> <td>0.36%</td> <td>0.81%</td> <td>0.39%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.29%</td> <td>28.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></td> <td>411,620</td> <td>89.5%</td> <td>48.59%</td> <td>22.09%</td> <td>+26.5%</td> <td>3.56%</td> <td>0.39%</td> <td>1.04%</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.62%</td> <td>22.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></td> <td>478,551</td> <td>91.4%</td> <td>56.56%</td> <td>17.57%</td> <td>+38.99%</td> <td>3.08%</td> <td>0.73%</td> <td>1.11%</td> <td>0.35%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.52%</td> <td>19.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakland_City_Hall_(Oakland,_CA)_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG/170px-Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG/255px-Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG/340px-Oakland_City_Hall_%28Oakland%2C_CA%29_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oakland_City_Hall" title="Oakland City Hall">Oakland City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/U.S._Presidential_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Presidential elections">U.S. Presidential elections</a> since 1960, the nine-county Bay Area voted for <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> candidates only two times, in both cases voting for a Californian: in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1972 United States presidential election in California">1972</a> for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and again in <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_California" title="1980 United States presidential election in California">1980</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. The last county to vote for a Republican presidential candidate was <a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa county</a> in 1988 for <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>. Since then, all nine Bay Area counties have voted consistently for the Democratic candidate.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Currently, both of California's <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senators">U.S. Senators</a> are Democrats, and all twelve <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">U.S. congressional districts</a> located wholly or partially in the Bay Area are represented by a Democratic representative. Additionally, every Bay Area member of the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">California State Assembly</a> is a registered Democrat. The Bay Area's association with progressive politics has led to the term "<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_values" title="San Francisco values">San Francisco values</a>" being used by <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> commentators in a pejorative sense to describe the secular progressive culture in the area.<a href="#cite_note-threedirtywords-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_governance">Regional governance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Regional governance">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Bay_Area_Governments" title="Association of Bay Area Governments">Association of Bay Area Governments</a> (ABAG) is the principal <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization" title="Metropolitan planning organization">metropolitan planning organization</a> for the Bay Area. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Commission_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="Metropolitan Transportation Commission (San Francisco Bay Area)">Metropolitan Transportation Commission</a> (MTC) is the region's transportation planning agency, which has functionally merged with ABAG through staff consolidation. ABAG and MTC developed <a href="/wiki/Plan_Bay_Area" title="Plan Bay Area">Plan Bay Area</a>, which is the area's <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transportation_Plan" title="Regional Transportation Plan">regional transportation plan</a>, in 2013 and with its goal date for 2040. Other regional governance agencies include the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Air_Quality_Management_District" title="Bay Area Air Quality Management District">Bay Area Air Quality Management District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Toll_Authority" title="Bay Area Toll Authority">Bay Area Toll Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Restoration_Authority" title="San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority">Bay Restoration Authority</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Conservation_and_Development_Commission" title="San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission">Bay Conservation & Development Commission</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Greeks in the San Francisco Bay Area">Greeks in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Art in the San Francisco Bay Area">Art in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts,_Stanford,_California_-_20060728_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts%2C_Stanford%2C_California_-_20060728_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cantor_Arts_Center" title="Cantor Arts Center">Cantor Arts Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California">Stanford</a></figcaption></figure> The Bay Area was a hub of the <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract Expressionism">Abstract Expressionism</a> movement of painting. It is associated with the works of <a href="/wiki/Clyfford_Still" title="Clyfford Still">Clyfford Still</a>, who began teaching at the <a href="/wiki/California_School_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="California School of Fine Arts">California School of Fine Arts</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Art_Institute" title="San Francisco Art Institute">San Francisco Art Institute</a>) in 1946, leaving a lasting influence on the artistic styles of Bay Area painters up to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> A few years later, Abstract Expressionist painter <a href="/wiki/David_Park_(painter)" title="David Park (painter)">David Park</a> painted Kids on Bikes in 1950, which retained many aspects of abstract expressionism but with original distinguishing features that would later lead to the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor,_02_(cropped2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG/220px-California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG/330px-California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG/440px-California_Palace_of_the_Legion_of_Honor%2C_02_%28cropped2%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honor_(museum)" title="Legion of Honor (museum)">California Palace of the Legion of Honor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museums_of_San_Francisco" title="Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco">Fine Arts Museums SF</a></figcaption></figure> While both the Figurative Movement and the Abstract Expressionism movement arose from art schools, <a href="/wiki/Funk_art" title="Funk art">Funk art</a> would later rise out of the region's underground and was characterized by informal sharing of technique among groups of friends and art showcases in "cooperative" galleries instead of formal museums. Later, the Bay Area art movement would be heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture movement in the 1960s</a>, and art produced during this time reflected the political environment.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oakland_museum_of_california_(9114782562).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg/220px-Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg/330px-Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg/440px-Oakland_museum_of_california_%289114782562%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Museum_of_California" title="Oakland Museum of California">Oakland Museum of California</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Renaissance" title="San Francisco Renaissance">San Francisco Renaissance</a> was an era of <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetic</a> activity centered on San Francisco and poets such as <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a>, which brought it to prominence as a hub of the <a href="/wiki/American_poetry" title="American poetry">American poetry</a> avant-garde in the 1950s. The movement, which often included visual and performing arts, was heavily influenced by cross-cultural interests, particularly <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, and a general interest in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> cultures.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> The Bay Area is presently home to a thriving computer animation industry<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Pixar_Animation_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixar Animation Studios">Pixar Animation Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a>. Pixar, based in <a href="/wiki/Emeryville,_California" title="Emeryville, California">Emeryville</a>, produced the first fully <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation#Films" title="Computer animation">computer animated feature film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a>, with software it designed in-house and whose computer animation films have since garnered 26 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> and critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Industrial Light & Magic, which is based in the <a href="/wiki/Presidio,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio, San Francisco">Presidio</a> in San Francisco, was created in 1975 to help create visual effects for the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> series has since been involved with creating visual effects for over three hundred Hollywood films.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bands_from_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of bands from the San Francisco Bay Area">List of bands from the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_(24637280068).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg/220px-Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg/330px-Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg/440px-Happy_Birthday_San_Jose_%2824637280068%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="1588" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baile_folkl%C3%B3rico" title="Baile folklórico">Baile folklórico</a> at the 240th anniversary of the founding of San Jose at the <a href="/wiki/Peralta_Adobe" title="Peralta Adobe">Gonzales-Peralta Adobe</a></figcaption></figure> Throughout its recent history, the Bay Area has been home to several musical movements that left lasting influences on the genres they affected. San Francisco, in particular, was the center of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture movement in the 1960s</a>, which directly led to the rise of several notable musical acts: <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">The Grateful Dead</a>, which formed in 1965, and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a>; all three would be closely associated with the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a>.<a href="#cite_note-summeroflove-251">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a> also had strong connections to the movement and the Bay Area, as he lived in Berkeley for a brief time as a child and played in many local venues in that decade.<a href="#cite_note-chroniclehistory-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-summeroflove-251">[251]</a> By the 1970s, San Francisco had developed a vibrant jazz scene, earning the moniker, "Harlem of the West".<a href="#cite_note-nytjazz-152">[152]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> was being fought at the time, and Bay Area bands such as <a href="/wiki/Creedence_Clearwater_Revival" title="Creedence Clearwater Revival">Creedence Clearwater Revival</a> of <a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California" title="El Cerrito, California">El Cerrito</a> became known for their political and socially-conscious lyrics <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">against the conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a> rose to fame in the early 1970s with his <a href="/wiki/Santana_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Santana band">Santana band</a> and would later be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> Two former members of <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Schon" title="Neal Schon">Neal Schon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Rolie" title="Gregg Rolie">Gregg Rolie</a> would later lead the formation of the band <a href="/wiki/Journey_(band)" title="Journey (band)">Journey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Davies_Symphony_Hall,_San_Francisco,_CA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg/220px-Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg/330px-Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg/440px-Davies_Symphony_Hall%2C_San_Francisco%2C_CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6444" data-file-height="3880" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Louise_M._Davies_Symphony_Hall" title="Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall">Davies Symphony Hall</a></figcaption></figure> During the 1980s and early 1990s, the Bay Area became home to heavy metal and hard rock bands, including <a href="/wiki/Ludicra" title="Ludicra">Ludicra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bayarea-256">[256]</a> and also to one of the largest and most influential <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> scenes in the world, with contributions from <a href="/wiki/Exodus_(band)" title="Exodus (band)">Exodus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testament_(band)" title="Testament (band)">Testament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_Angel" title="Death Angel">Death Angel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_(band)" title="Forbidden (band)">Forbidden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vio-lence" title="Vio-lence">Vio-lence</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C8%A7%C8%A7z_Rockit" title="Lȧȧz Rockit">Lȧȧz Rockit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Possessed_(band)" title="Possessed (band)">Possessed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blind_Illusion" title="Blind Illusion">Blind Illusion</a>, as well as three of the "Big Four" (<a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>); although Metallica, Slayer and Megadeth were all technically from Los Angeles, those bands are often credited for popularizing and contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_thrash_metal" title="Bay Area thrash metal">Bay Area thrash metal</a> scene during the 1980s by frequently playing shows there, especially early in their careers and/or before they were signed to a record label.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery,_Pierce_Rd.,_Saratoga,_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Paul_Masson_Mountain_Winery%2C_Pierce_Rd.%2C_Saratoga%2C_CA_9-23-2012_12-12-19_PM_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2901" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Winery" title="Mountain Winery">Mountain Winery</a> is a concert venue and vineyard in <a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Post-grunge" title="Post-grunge">post-grunge</a> era in the 1990s featured prominent Bay Area bands <a href="/wiki/Third_Eye_Blind" title="Third Eye Blind">Third Eye Blind</a> of San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Counting_Crows" title="Counting Crows">Counting Crows</a> of Berkeley, and <a href="/wiki/Smash_Mouth" title="Smash Mouth">Smash Mouth</a> of San Jose, and later <a href="/wiki/Pop_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop punk">pop punk rock</a> bands like <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chroniclehistory-252">[252]</a> The 1990s also saw the emergence of the influential <a href="/wiki/Hyphy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyphy movement">hyphy movement</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a>, derived from the Oakland <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a> for "hyperactive", and pioneered by Bay Area rappers <a href="/wiki/Andre_%22Mac_Dre%22_Hicks" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre "Mac Dre" Hicks">Andre "Mac Dre" Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mistah_Fab" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistah Fab">Mistah Fab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/E-40" title="E-40">E-40</a>.<a href="#cite_note-definition-259">[259]</a> Other notable rappers from the Bay Area include <a href="/wiki/Lil_B" title="Lil B">Lil B</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lilb-260">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/MC_Hammer" title="MC Hammer">MC Hammer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Too_$hort" class="mw-redirect" title="Too $hort">Too $hort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G-Eazy" title="G-Eazy">G-Eazy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oakrap-261">[261]</a> Today, much of the rap coming out of Oakland and the East Bay is "<a href="/wiki/Conscious_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscious rap">conscious rap</a>", which concerns itself with social issues and awareness.<a href="#cite_note-oakrap-261">[261]</a> The Bay Area is also home to hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> ensembles, from community choirs to professional <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestras</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Symphony" title="California Symphony">California Symphony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fremont_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Fremont Symphony Orchestra">Fremont Symphony Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Symphony" title="Oakland Symphony">Oakland Symphony</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chamber_Orchestra" title="San Francisco Chamber Orchestra">San Francisco Chamber Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Theater">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg/220px-USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg/330px-USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg/440px-USA-Redwood_City-New_Sequoia_Theater_Building-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Redwood_City,_California)" title="Fox Theatre (Redwood City, California)">Fox Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City</a></figcaption></figure> According to the regional theater service organization <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Bay_Area" title="Theatre Bay Area">Theatre Bay Area</a>, the San Francisco Bay Area is the third largest center of activity for <a href="/wiki/Theatre_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre company">theater companies</a> and actors in the United States, after the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City metropolitan area">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan areas</a>, with 400 companies spread throughout the region.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> The organization was founded in 1976 by the <a href="/wiki/Magic_Theatre" title="Magic Theatre">Magic Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Conservatory_Theater" title="American Conservatory Theater">American Conservatory Theater</a> (ACT) in San Francisco and the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Repertory_Theatre" title="Berkeley Repertory Theatre">Berkeley Repertory Theatre</a> in Berkeley.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> The latter two, along with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mime_Troupe" title="San Francisco Mime Troupe">San Francisco Mime Troupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Theatreworks_(Silicon_Valley)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatreworks (Silicon Valley)">Theatreworks</a>, have since gone on to win one <a href="/wiki/Regional_Theatre_Tony_Award" title="Regional Theatre Tony Award">Regional Theatre Tony Award</a> each.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SFOperaHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SFOperaHouse.jpg/220px-SFOperaHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SFOperaHouse.jpg/330px-SFOperaHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/SFOperaHouse.jpg/440px-SFOperaHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/War_Memorial_Opera_House" title="War Memorial Opera House">War Memorial Opera House</a> is the home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Ballet" title="San Francisco Ballet">San Francisco Ballet</a>.</figcaption></figure> Several famous actors have arisen from the Bay Area's theatre community, including <a href="/wiki/Daveed_Diggs" title="Daveed Diggs">Daveed Diggs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darren_Criss" title="Darren Criss">Darren Criss</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_and_the_Angry_Inch_(musical)" title="Hedwig and the Angry Inch (musical)">Hedwig</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Very_Potter_Musical" title="A Very Potter Musical">A Very Potter Musical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glee_(TV_series)" title="Glee (TV series)">Glee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Locally, well-regarded actors include <a href="/wiki/James_Carpenter_(actor)" title="James Carpenter (actor)">James Carpenter</a>, a stage actor who has performed at the ACT, Berkeley Repertory, and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Repertory_Theatre" title="San Jose Repertory Theatre">San Jose Repertory Theatre</a> among others, Rod Gnapp of the Magic Theatre Company, Sean San Jose, one of the founders of the Campo Santo theater, and Campo Santo member Margo Hall.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The Bay Area also has an active youth theater scene. ACT and the Berkeley Repertory both run classes and camps for young actors, as do the Peninsula Youth Theater and Willow Glen Children's Theatre in the Peninsula and South Bay, Bay Area Children's Theater and Danville Children's Musical Theater in the East Bay, and <a href="/wiki/Marin_Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Marin Shakespeare">Marin Shakespeare</a> in the North Bay, among many others.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Media in the San Francisco Bay Area">Media in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/170px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/255px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg/340px-Sutro_Tower_from_Grandview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="3942" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sutro_Tower" title="Sutro Tower">Sutro Tower</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers" title="Radio masts and towers">broadcast tower</a> and local landmark.</figcaption></figure> The San Francisco Bay Area is the tenth-largest <a href="/wiki/Designated_market_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated market area">television market</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> and the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Designated_market_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated market area">radio market</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> in the U.S. The Bay Area's oldest radio station, <a href="/wiki/KCBS_(AM)" title="KCBS (AM)">KCBS (AM)</a>, began as an experimental station in San Jose in 1909, before the beginning of commercial broadcasting.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/KALW" title="KALW">KALW</a> was the Bay Area's first <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM radio station</a>, and first radio station to begin commercial broadcasting west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> when it signed on the air in 1941.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/KPIX" class="mw-redirect" title="KPIX">KPIX</a>, which began broadcasting in 1948, was the first television station to air in the Bay Area and Northern California.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> All major U.S. television networks have <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area">affiliates</a> serving the region, including <a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">KTVU</a> 2 (FOX), <a href="/wiki/KRON-TV" title="KRON-TV">KRON-TV</a> 4 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>), <a href="/wiki/KPIX" class="mw-redirect" title="KPIX">KPIX</a> 5 (CBS), <a href="/wiki/KGO-TV" title="KGO-TV">KGO-TV</a> 7 (ABC), <a href="/wiki/KQED-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="KQED-TV">KQED-TV</a> 9 (PBS), <a href="/wiki/KNTV" title="KNTV">KNTV</a> 11 (NBC), <a href="/wiki/KICU-TV" title="KICU-TV">KICU-TV</a> 36 (<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a>), <a href="/wiki/KPYX" title="KPYX">KPYX</a> 44 (<a href="/wiki/Independent_station" title="Independent station">Independent</a>), <a href="/wiki/KQEH" title="KQEH">KQEH</a> 54 (PBS), and <a href="/wiki/KKPX" class="mw-redirect" title="KKPX">KKPX</a> 65 (<a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>). <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg West">Bloomberg West</a>, a show that focuses on topics pertaining to technology and business, was launched in 2011 from a studio in and continues to broadcast from San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a> outlets include both a <a href="/wiki/KQED-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="KQED-TV">television station</a> and a <a href="/wiki/KQED-FM" title="KQED-FM">radio station</a>, both broadcasting under the call letters KQED from a facility near the <a href="/wiki/Potrero_Hill,_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Potrero Hill, San Francisco">Potrero Hill</a> neighborhood. KQED-FM is the most-listened-to <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> affiliate in the country.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Another local broadcaster, <a href="/wiki/KPOO" title="KPOO">KPOO</a>, is an independent, African-American owned and operated noncommercial radio station established in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg/220px-Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg/330px-Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg/440px-Pixar_-_front_gates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Emeryville,_California" title="Emeryville, California">Emeryville</a></figcaption></figure> The largest newspapers in the Bay Area are the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>, the highest and second-highest most widely circulated newspaper in <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> The Chronicle is most famous for a former columnist, the late <a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a>, whose daily musings attracted critical acclaim and represented the "voice of San Francisco". The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a>, once the cornerstone of <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a>'s media empire and the home of <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce" title="Ambrose Bierce">Ambrose Bierce</a>, declined in circulation over the years and now takes the form of a free daily tabloid, under new ownership.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Most of the Bay Area's local regions and municipalities also have their own newspapers, such as the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Times" title="East Bay Times">East Bay Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_Daily_Journal" title="San Mateo Daily Journal">San Mateo Daily Journal</a>. The national newsmagazine <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a> is also based in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> Non-<a href="/wiki/English_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="English (language)">English</a>-language newspapers include several <a href="/wiki/Chinese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese (language)">Chinese</a>-language papers such as <a href="/wiki/Sing_Tao_Daily" title="Sing Tao Daily">Sing Tao Daily</a>, the largest in the Bay Area by circulation,<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> and El Mundo, a free <a href="/wiki/Spanish_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish (language)">Spanish</a>-language weekly distributed by the Mercury News.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_and_recreation">Sports and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area">Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AT%26T_Park_July_24,_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Oracle Park, a baseball field" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg/220px-AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg/330px-AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg/440px-AT%26T_Park_July_24%2C_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Park" title="Oracle Park">Oracle Park</a>, the home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a></figcaption></figure> The Bay Area is home to five professional major league franchises in men's sports: The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) in <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB), the <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Golden State Warriors</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA), the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">San Jose Sharks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL), and the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS).<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> A professional women's soccer team, <a href="/wiki/Bay_FC" title="Bay FC">Bay FC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> (NWSL), debuted in 2024,<a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-NWSL-286">[286]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Valkyries" title="Golden State Valkyries">Golden State Valkyries</a> will play their first season in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> (WNBA) in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> In <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">49ers</a> play in <a href="/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium" title="Levi's Stadium">Levi's Stadium</a><a href="#cite_note-Chronice-Levis-288">[288]</a> and have won five <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVI" title="Super Bowl XVI">XVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XIX" title="Super Bowl XIX">XIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXIII" title="Super Bowl XXIII">XXIII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXIV" title="Super Bowl XXIV">XXIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXIX" title="Super Bowl XXIX">XXIX</a>) and lost three (<a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLVII" title="Super Bowl XLVII">XLVII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIV" title="Super Bowl LIV">LIV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_LVIII" title="Super Bowl LVIII">LVIII</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ESPN-SuperBowl-289">[289]</a> A second NFL team in the Bay Area, the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Raiders" title="Oakland Raiders">Oakland Raiders</a>, played from 1970 to 1981 and 1995 to 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland Coliseum</a>; they won the Super Bowl twice during their tenure in the East Bay.<a href="#cite_note-ESPN-SuperBowl-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-Oakland-290">[290]</a> The team relocated to Los Angeles from 1982 to 1994 and to <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> in 2020 after plans to play in a new stadium fell through.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-Oakland-290">[290]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">Giants</a>, who play at <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Park" title="Oracle Park">Oracle Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> have won eight <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> titles, three since relocating to San Francisco (<a href="/wiki/2010_World_Series" title="2010 World Series">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_World_Series" title="2012 World Series">2012</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2014_World_Series" title="2014 World Series">2014</a>) from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-worldseries-292">[292]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Athletics">Athletics</a>, who played at the Oakland Coliseum,<a href="#cite_note-aboutcoliseum-293">[293]</a> have won nine World Series titles, four since relocating to Oakland (<a href="/wiki/1972_World_Series" title="1972 World Series">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/1973_World_Series" title="1973 World Series">1973</a>, <a href="/wiki/1974_World_Series" title="1974 World Series">1974</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1989_World_Series" title="1989 World Series">1989</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-worldseries-292">[292]</a> The team left Oakland in 2024 and will become the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Athletics">Las Vegas Athletics</a> in 2028 after temporarily playing in the Sacramento area.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg/220px-Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg/330px-Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg/440px-Avaya_Stadium_2016_screenshot_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/PayPal_Park" title="PayPal Park">PayPal Park</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a></figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Warriors</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Chase_Center" title="Chase Center">Chase Center</a> and have won seven <a href="/wiki/NBA_Finals" title="NBA Finals">NBA Finals</a>, five since relocating to the Bay Area (<a href="/wiki/1975_NBA_Finals" title="1975 NBA Finals">1975</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015_NBA_Finals" title="2015 NBA Finals">2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_NBA_Finals" title="2017 NBA Finals">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_NBA_Finals" title="2018 NBA Finals">2018</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_NBA_Finals" title="2022 NBA Finals">2022</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> The Warriors own the Valkyries, which will also play at Chase Center.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks" title="San Jose Sharks">Sharks</a> play at the <a href="/wiki/SAP_Center" title="SAP Center">SAP Center</a>. They made their first <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="Stanley Cup Finals">Stanley Cup Finals</a> appearance in <a href="/wiki/2016_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="2016 Stanley Cup Finals">2016</a> but have not won the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">soccer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">Earthquakes</a> play at <a href="/wiki/PayPal_Park" title="PayPal Park">PayPal Park</a> and have won the <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup" title="MLS Cup">MLS Cup</a> twice in <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2001" title="MLS Cup 2001">2001</a> and <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2003" title="MLS Cup 2003">2003</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> Bay FC joined the Earthquakes at PayPal Park and have competed in NWSL since 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-NWSL-286">[286]</a> The Bay Area hosted matches during the <a href="/wiki/1994_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1994 FIFA World Cup">1994 FIFA World Cup</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Stadium" title="Stanford Stadium">Stanford Stadium</a> and will host matches during the <a href="/wiki/2026_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2026 FIFA World Cup">2026 FIFA World Cup</a> at Levi's Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-Chronice-Levis-288">[288]</a> The Bay Area hosted some of the soccer competition during the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a> and will do so again during the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg/220px-Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg/330px-Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg/440px-Broncos_vs_49ers_preseason_game_at_Levi%27s_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium" title="Levi's Stadium">Levi's Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers" title="San Francisco 49ers">San Francisco 49ers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a></figcaption></figure> Outside of major league sports, the Bay Area is home to numerous minor league franchises. In hockey, the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Barracuda" title="San Jose Barracuda">San Jose Barracuda</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> (AHL) and are the top affiliate of the San Jose Sharks, sharing the same rink at the <a href="/wiki/SAP_Center" title="SAP Center">SAP Center</a> in San Jose.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> In baseball, the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Giants" title="San Jose Giants">San Jose Giants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/California_League" title="California League">California League</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> (MiLB) are the Low-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants, playing out of the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Municipal_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Municipal Stadium">San Jose Municipal Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In soccer, the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Roots_SC" title="Oakland Roots SC">Oakland Roots SC</a> in the <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a>, the second division of American soccer, moved to the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Coliseum" title="Oakland Coliseum">Oakland Coliseum</a> for the 2025 season.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Panthers" title="Bay Area Panthers">Bay Area Panthers</a> play at the SAP Center.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In terms of collegiate sports, six Bay Area universities are members of <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">Division I</a>, the highest level of college sports in the country.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> All three football-playing schools in the Bay Area are in the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">Football Bowl Subdivision</a>, the highest level of NCAA <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a>. The <a href="/wiki/California_Golden_Bears" title="California Golden Bears">California Golden Bears</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal" title="Stanford Cardinal">Stanford Cardinal</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a>,<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_Spartans" title="San Jose State Spartans">San Jose State Spartans</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference" title="Mountain West Conference">Mountain West Conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> The Cardinal and Golden Bears are intense rivals, with their football teams competing annually in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Game_(American_football)" title="Big Game (American football)">Big Game</a> for the Stanford Axe.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> One of the most famous games in the rivalry occurred in 1982, when the <a href="/wiki/California_Golden_Bears_football" title="California Golden Bears football">Golden Bears</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_football" title="Stanford Cardinal football">Cardinal</a> on a last-second kickoff return known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Play_(Stanford_vs._California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Play (Stanford vs. California)">The Play</a>".<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tour_of_California_Morgan_Hill_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2326" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_California" title="Tour of California">Tour of California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Hill,_California" title="Morgan Hill, California">Morgan Hill</a></figcaption></figure> The Bay Area has an ideal climate for outdoor recreation, such that activities like hiking, cycling and jogging are popular among locals.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> There are more than 200 mi (320 km) of <a href="/wiki/Segregated_cycle_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregated cycle facilities">bicycle paths, lanes</a> and bike routes just within San Francisco,<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Embarcadero_(San_Francisco)" title="Embarcadero (San Francisco)">Embarcadero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marina_Green" title="Marina Green">Marina Green</a> are favored sites for <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>. Extensive public tennis facilities are available in <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park" title="Golden Gate Park">Golden Gate Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolores_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolores Park">Dolores Park</a>, as well as at smaller neighborhood courts throughout the city. Boating, sailing, <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a> are among the popular activities on San Francisco Bay, and the city maintains a yacht harbor in the <a href="/wiki/Marina_District,_San_Francisco" title="Marina District, San Francisco">Marina District</a>. The <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Yacht_Club" title="St. Francis Yacht Club">St. Francis Yacht Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Yacht_Club" title="Golden Gate Yacht Club">Golden Gate Yacht Club</a> are located in the Marina Harbor,<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> while the South Beach Yacht Club is located next to Oracle Park.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> The Bay Area was host to the <a href="/wiki/2013_America%27s_Cup" title="2013 America's Cup">2013 America's Cup</a>. Other Bay Area yacht clubs include the Alameda Yacht Club,<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Berkeley Yacht Club,<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Corinthian Yacht Club<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> in Tiburon, Oakland Yacht Club,<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> Presidio Yacht Club,<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> Sausalito Yacht Club and Sequoia Yacht Club<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> in Redwood City. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/48px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/64px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_San_Francisco_Bay_Area_topics" title="Lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics">Lists of San Francisco Bay Area topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area">Timeline of the San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">List of regions of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas of the United States">List of metropolitan areas of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counties.org/pod/square-mileage-county">"Square Mileage by County"</a>. California States Association of Counties. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227233117/http://www.counties.org/pod/square-mileage-county">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Square+Mileage+by+County&rft.pub=California+States+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.counties.org%2Fpod%2Fsquare-mileage-county&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinrichs,_Scott2006" class="citation web cs1">Hinrichs, Scott (September 28, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milpitascamera.com/fieldtrips/report2006-09-02.htm">"Mt. Hamilton Lick Observatory"</a>. Milpitas Camera Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820031048/http://www.milpitascamera.com/fieldtrips/report2006-09-02.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milpitas+Camera+Club&rft.atitle=Mt.+Hamilton+Lick+Observatory&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft.au=Hinrichs%2C+Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milpitascamera.com%2Ffieldtrips%2Freport2006-09-02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurhi2014" class="citation news cs1">Kurhi, Eric (December 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_27182429/san-jose-overwhelmed-pumps-led-alviso-flooding-residents">"San Jose: Overwhelmed pumps led to Alviso flooding; residents say it's a 'wake-up call'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223736/http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_27182429/san-jose-overwhelmed-pumps-led-alviso-flooding-residents">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=San+Jose%3A+Overwhelmed+pumps+led+to+Alviso+flooding%3B+residents+say+it%27s+a+%27wake-up+call%27&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft.aulast=Kurhi&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fbay-area-news%2Fci_27182429%2Fsan-jose-overwhelmed-pumps-led-alviso-flooding-residents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Counties-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020Counties_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020Counties_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved August 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kenaninstitute.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/american-growth-project-10172022r.pdf">"GDP by county in 2022"</a> (PDF). www.unc.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unc.edu&rft.atitle=GDP+by+county+in+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkenaninstitute.unc.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F10%2Famerican-growth-project-10172022r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?et=&pageID=2&rid=397&t=">"Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Economic_Data" title="Federal Reserve Economic Data">Federal Reserve Economic Data</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_St._Louis" title="Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis">Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Reserve+Economic+Data&rft.atitle=Gross+Domestic+Product+by+County+and+Metropolitan+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Frelease%3Fet%3D%26pageID%3D2%26rid%3D397%26t%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitepages.com/maps/NCA">"Area Code Map for Northern California/Bay Area"</a>. White Pages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184824/https://www.whitepages.com/maps/NCA">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+Code+Map+for+Northern+California%2FBay+Area&rft.pub=White+Pages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitepages.com%2Fmaps%2FNCA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1985" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Mel (1985). The San Francisco Bay Area: A Metropolis in Perspective (2 ed.). University of California Press. p. ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520055124" title="Special:BookSources/9780520055124"><bdi>9780520055124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+A+Metropolis+in+Perspective&rft.pages=ix&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520055124&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Mel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OMB-23-01-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OMB-23-01_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMB-23-01_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMB-23-01_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMB-23-01_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMB-23-01_9-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Management_and_Budget2023" class="citation web cs1">Office of Management and Budget (July 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/OMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf">"OMB Bulletin 23-01"</a> (PDF). Retrieved October 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OMB+Bulletin+23-01&rft.date=2023-07-21&rft.au=Office+of+Management+and+Budget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FOMB-Bulletin-23-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:54-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:54_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:54_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramaytush.org/">"The Association of Ramaytush Ohlone"</a>. The Association of Ramaytush Ohlone. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+of+Ramaytush+Ohlone&rft.atitle=The+Association+of+Ramaytush+Ohlone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramaytush.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:64-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:64_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:64_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThemeZaa" class="citation web cs1">ThemeZaa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muwekma.org/">"Muwekma Ohlone Tribe | American Indian | Native American Tribes"</a>. Muwekma Ohlone Tribe. Retrieved December 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muwekma+Ohlone+Tribe&rft.atitle=Muwekma+Ohlone+Tribe+%7C+American+Indian+%7C+Native+American+Tribes&rft.au=ThemeZaa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muwekma.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipums_nhgis-12"><a href="#cite_ref-ipums_nhgis_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhgis.org/">"IPUMS NHGIS | National Historical Geographic Information System"</a>. www.nhgis.org. Retrieved December 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nhgis.org&rft.atitle=IPUMS+NHGIS+%7C+National+Historical+Geographic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhgis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bayareacouncil.org/">"Home"</a>. Bay Area Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190831181353/https://www.bayareacouncil.org/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bay+Area+Council&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacouncil.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.bayareacouncil.org/SacramentoPresentation.pdf">"2019 Sacramento Economic Forecast"</a> (PDF). Bay Area Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026144422/http://documents.bayareacouncil.org/SacramentoPresentation.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bay+Area+Council&rft.atitle=2019+Sacramento+Economic+Forecast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.bayareacouncil.org%2FSacramentoPresentation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfstandard.com/2023/03/31/san-francisco-bay-area-california-population-decline-census-pandemic-covid/">"It's Official: A Quarter Million People Fled the Bay Area Since 2020"</a>. The San Francisco Standard. March 31, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Standard&rft.atitle=It%27s+Official%3A+A+Quarter+Million+People+Fled+the+Bay+Area+Since+2020&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsfstandard.com%2F2023%2F03%2F31%2Fsan-francisco-bay-area-california-population-decline-census-pandemic-covid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2022"</a>. Census.gov. Retrieved December 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2010-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Census2010_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/">"U.S. Census website"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807192146/https://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/05/18/san-jose-no-longer-in-top-10-most-populous-u-s-cities">"San Jose no longer in Top 10 of most populous U.S. cities"</a>. The Mercury News. May 18, 2023. Retrieved May 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=San+Jose+no+longer+in+Top+10+of+most+populous+U.S.+cities&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2023%2F05%2F18%2Fsan-jose-no-longer-in-top-10-most-populous-u-s-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2003" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Suzanne B. (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview2.pdf">"Archaeological Research Issues For The Point Reyes National Seashore – Golden Gate National Recreation Area"</a> (PDF). Sonoma State University – Anthropological Studies Center. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624193135/http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Research+Issues+For+The+Point+Reyes+National+Seashore+%E2%80%93+Golden+Gate+National+Recreation+Area&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Sonoma+State+University+%E2%80%93+Anthropological+Studies+Center&rft.date=2003-11&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonoma.edu%2Fasc%2Fprojects%2Fpointreyes%2Foverview2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohlone1-20"><a href="#cite_ref-ohlone1_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilliter1985" class="citation news cs1">Billiter, Bill (January 1, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-01-me-10267-story.html">"3,000-Year-Old Connection Claimed : Siberia Tie to California Tribes Cited"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Los Angeles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128090656/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-01-01/local/me-10267_1_tribes">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=3%2C000-Year-Old+Connection+Claimed+%3A+Siberia+Tie+to+California+Tribes+Cited&rft.date=1985-01-01&rft.aulast=Billiter&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-01-01-me-10267-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeline-21"><a href="#cite_ref-timeline_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060301022510/http://sfgov.org/site/visitor_index.asp?id=8091">"Visitors: San Francisco Historical Information"</a>. City and County of San Francisco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgov.org/site/visitor_index.asp?id=8091">the original</a> on March 1, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visitors%3A+San+Francisco+Historical+Information&rft.pub=City+and+County+of+San+Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfgov.org%2Fsite%2Fvisitor_index.asp%3Fid%3D8091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugden2006" class="citation book cs1">Sugden, John (2006). Sir Francis Drake. London: Pimlico. pp. 130, 136, 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-844-13762-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-844-13762-6"><bdi>978-1-844-13762-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=130%2C+136%2C+137&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-844-13762-6&rft.aulast=Sugden&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2006" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Michael (2006). In Drake's Wake Volume 2 The World Voyage. United Kingdom: Paul Mould Publishing. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904959-28-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904959-28-1"><bdi>978-1-904959-28-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Drake%27s+Wake+Volume+2+The+World+Voyage&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Paul+Mould+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-904959-28-1&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2013" class="citation cs2">Davis, Loren; et al. (November 2013), "Inventory and Analysis of Coastal and Submerged Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf", U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+Bureau+of+Ocean+Energy+Management.&rft.atitle=Inventory+and+Analysis+of+Coastal+and+Submerged+Archaeological+Site+Occurrence+on+the+Pacific+Outer+Continental+Shelf&rft.date=2013-11&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Loren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner1924" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raup_Wagner" title="Henry Raup Wagner">Wagner, Henry R.</a> (April 1924). "The Voyage to California of Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeño in 1595". California Historical Society Quarterly. 3 (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Historical+Society+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Voyage+to+California+of+Sebastian+Rodriguez+Cerme%C3%B1o+in+1595&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1924-04&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Henry+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpate1979" class="citation book cs1">Spate, O. H. K. (1979). The Pacific Since Magellan: The Spanish Lake. London: Croom Helm. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816608829" title="Special:BookSources/9780816608829"><bdi>9780816608829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Since+Magellan%3A+The+Spanish+Lake&rft.place=London&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780816608829&rft.aulast=Spate&rft.aufirst=O.+H.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuwayama1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Kuwayama" title="George Kuwayama">Kuwayama, George</a> (1997). Chinese Ceramics in Colonial Mexico. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87587-179-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87587-179-8"><bdi>0-87587-179-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Ceramics+in+Colonial+Mexico&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-87587-179-8&rft.aulast=Kuwayama&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Aker (1965) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawlsBean2003" class="citation book cs1">Rawls, James; Bean, Walton (2003). California: An Interpretive History. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 36–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070042414" title="Special:BookSources/9780070042414"><bdi>9780070042414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California%3A+An+Interpretive+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=36-7&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780070042414&rft.aulast=Rawls&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Bean%2C+Walton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Muñoz, Fray Pedro, et al. "The Gabriel Moraga Expedition of 1806: The Diary of Fray Pedro Muñoz." Huntington Library Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 3, 1946, pp. 223–248. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3816007. Accessed November 12, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-nps-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nps_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/ca/intro.htm">"Introduction"</a>. Early History of the California Coast. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703012253/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/ca/intro.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+History+of+the+California+Coast&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fca%2Fintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Foster2001" class="citation book cs1">Lee Foster (October 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VA0GAmdjK4C">Northern California History Weekends</a>. Globe Pequot. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-1076-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-1076-8"><bdi>978-0-7627-1076-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527171012/https://books.google.com/books?id=8VA0GAmdjK4C">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+California+History+Weekends&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-1076-8&rft.au=Lee+Foster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8VA0GAmdjK4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Virtual_Museum_of_the_City_of_San_Francisco2004" class="citation web cs1">The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco (July 16, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091022224825/http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/early.html">"From the 1820s to the Gold Rush"</a>. The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/early.html">the original</a> on October 22, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+the+1820s+to+the+Gold+Rush&rft.pub=The+Virtual+Museum+of+the+City+of+San+Francisco&rft.date=2004-07-16&rft.au=The+Virtual+Museum+of+the+City+of+San+Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmuseum.org%2Fhist1%2Fearly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkan2013" class="citation book cs1">Barkan, Elliott (2013). Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-219-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+American+History%3A+Arrival%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Integration&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-219-7&rft.aulast=Barkan&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-buriedships-35"><a href="#cite_ref-buriedships_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2005" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Ron (November 14, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/story.asp?story=6287&headline=Crews">"Crews Unearth Shipwreck on San Francisco Condo Project"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223183422/http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/story.asp?story=6287&headline=Crews">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crews+Unearth+Shipwreck+on+San+Francisco+Condo+Project&rft.date=2005-11-14&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionequipmentguide.com%2Fstory.asp%3Fstory%3D6287%26headline%3DCrews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastillo,_Edward_D." class="citation web cs1">Castillo, Edward D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304114034/http://nahc.ca.gov/califindian.html">"Short Overview of California Indian History"</a>. California Native American Heritage Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nahc.ca.gov/califindian.html">the original</a> on March 4, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+Overview+of+California+Indian+History&rft.pub=California+Native+American+Heritage+Commission&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Edward+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnahc.ca.gov%2Fcalifindian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonEbbert2006" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Dotson; Ebbert, Brian S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pdf/caleg11.pdf">California's Legislature</a> (PDF) (2006 ed.). Sacramento: California State Assembly. pp. 149–154. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70700867">70700867</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706001041/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pdf/caleg11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California%27s+Legislature&rft.place=Sacramento&rft.pages=149-154&rft.edition=2006&rft.pub=California+State+Assembly&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70700867&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Dotson&rft.au=Ebbert%2C+Brian+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leginfo.ca.gov%2Fpdf%2Fcaleg11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Census+Statistics+On+Population+Totals+By+Race%2C+1790+to+1990%2C+and+By+Hispanic+Origin%2C+1970+to+1990%2C+For+Large+Cities+And+Other+Urban+Places+In+The+United+States&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702150752/http://railroad.historyproject.ucdavis.edu/about/content-scope-and-approach/">"The Transcontinental Railroad: Transforing California and the Nation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UC_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Davis">UC Davis</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://railroad.historyproject.ucdavis.edu/about/content-scope-and-approach/">the original</a> on July 2, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Transcontinental+Railroad%3A+Transforing+California+and+the+Nation&rft.pub=UC+Davis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frailroad.historyproject.ucdavis.edu%2Fabout%2Fcontent-scope-and-approach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/">"The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920005432/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+1906+San+Francisco+Earthquake&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fevents%2F1906calif%2F18april%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/casualties.php">"Casualties and damage after the 1906 Earthquake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018110925/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/18april/casualties.php">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Casualties+and+damage+after+the+1906+Earthquake&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fevents%2F1906calif%2F18april%2Fcasualties.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-earthquakeaftermath-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earthquakeaftermath_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earthquakeaftermath_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodgers,_Paul2006" class="citation web cs1">Rodgers, Paul (April 15, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819071601/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2002931392_calquake15.html">"Ripples from 1906 San Francisco quake felt even today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2002931392_calquake15.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Ripples+from+1906+San+Francisco+quake+felt+even+today&rft.date=2006-04-15&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.seattletimes.com%2Fhtml%2Fnationworld%2F2002931392_calquake15.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/banking.html">"San Francisco Gold Rush Banking – 1849"</a>. The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. June 24, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509133016/http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/banking.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco+Gold+Rush+Banking+%E2%80%93+1849&rft.pub=The+Virtual+Museum+of+the+City+of+San+Francisco&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmuseum.net%2Fhist9%2Fbanking.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanden,_Amy2012" class="citation web cs1">Standen, Amy (May 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2012/05/27/153778083/75-years-later-building-the-golden-gate-bridge">"75 Years Ago, A Deadly Day On The Golden Gate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230253/http://www.npr.org/2012/05/27/153778083/75-years-later-building-the-golden-gate-bridge">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=75+Years+Ago%2C+A+Deadly+Day+On+The+Golden+Gate&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft.date=2012-05-27&rft.au=Standen%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2012%2F05%2F27%2F153778083%2F75-years-later-building-the-golden-gate-bridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorderbrueggen,_Lisa2013" class="citation web cs1">Vorderbrueggen, Lisa (August 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/08/09/building-the-bay-bridge-1930s-vs-today/">"Building the Bay Bridge: 1930s vs. today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724125500/http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/08/09/building-the-bay-bridge-1930s-vs-today/">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Building+the+Bay+Bridge%3A+1930s+vs.+today&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft.au=Vorderbrueggen%2C+Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2013%2F08%2F09%2Fbuilding-the-bay-bridge-1930s-vs-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWII-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWII_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWII_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWII_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolte,_Carl2012" class="citation web cs1">Nolte, Carl (May 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/World-War-II-reshaped-the-Bay-Area-and-its-people-3589894.php">"World War II reshaped the Bay Area and its people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035456/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/World-War-II-reshaped-the-Bay-Area-and-its-people-3589894.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=World+War+II+reshaped+the+Bay+Area+and+its+people&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft.au=Nolte%2C+Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FWorld-War-II-reshaped-the-Bay-Area-and-its-people-3589894.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardlow1999" class="citation book cs1">Wardlow, Chester (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-19/index.html">The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, And Operations</a>. United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. pp. 96–97, 100. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/99490905">99490905</a>. Retrieved August 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Technical+Services%E2%80%94The+Transportation+Corps%3A+Responsibilities%2C+Organization%2C+And+Operations&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=United+States+Army+In+World+War+II&rft.pages=96-97%2C+100&rft.pub=Center+Of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F99490905&rft.aulast=Wardlow&rft.aufirst=Chester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F010%2F10-19%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBykofskyLarson1990" class="citation book cs1">Bykofsky, Joseph; Larson, Harold (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-21/CMH_Pub_10-21.pdf">The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas</a> (PDF). United States Army In World War II. Washington, DC: Center Of Military History, United States Army. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/56060000">56060000</a>. Retrieved August 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Technical+Services%E2%80%94The+Transportation+Corps%3A+Operations+Overseas&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=United+States+Army+In+World+War+II&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Center+Of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F56060000&rft.aulast=Bykofsky&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Larson%2C+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F010%2F10-21%2FCMH_Pub_10-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1984" class="citation report cs1">Thompson, Erwin N. (July 8, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_CA/85002433_NHL.pdf">National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form, San Francisco Port of Embarkation, U.S. Army</a> (PDF) (Report). Denver, Colorado: National Park Service, Denver Service Center. p. Part 8, Significance, p.4. Retrieved September 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory%E2%80%94Nomination+Form%2C+San+Francisco+Port+of+Embarkation%2C+U.S.+Army&rft.place=Denver%2C+Colorado&rft.pages=Part+8%2C+Significance%2C+p.4&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+Denver+Service+Center&rft.date=1984-07-08&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Erwin+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FNARAprodstorage%2Flz%2Felectronic-records%2Frg-079%2FNPS_CA%2F85002433_NHL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20136/volume-136-I-1832-English.pdf">"Treaty of Peace with Japan (with two declarations). Signed at San Francisco, on 8 September 1951"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. September 8, 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929012644/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20136/volume-136-I-1832-English.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+Peace+with+Japan+%28with+two+declarations%29.+Signed+at+San+Francisco%2C+on+8+September+1951&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1951-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2Fdoc%2FPublication%2FUNTS%2FVolume%2520136%2Fvolume-136-I-1832-English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashbolt-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashbolt_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashbolt_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshbolt,_Anthony2013" class="citation book cs1">Ashbolt, Anthony (2013). A Cultural History of the Radical Sixties in the San Francisco Bay Area. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cultural+History+of+the+Radical+Sixties+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Ashbolt%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9487213/Scott-McKenzie-1960s-counter-culture-singer-dies-at-73.html">"Scott McKenzie, 1960s counter-culture singer, dies at 73"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. August 20, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230705/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/9487213/Scott-McKenzie-1960s-counter-culture-singer-dies-at-73.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Scott+McKenzie%2C+1960s+counter-culture+singer%2C+dies+at+73&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2F9487213%2FScott-McKenzie-1960s-counter-culture-singer-dies-at-73.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson,_Mark2013" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Mark (May 23, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sjpl.org/blog/looking-back-canning-valley-hearts-delight">"Looking Back: Canning in the Valley of Heart's Delight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Public_Library" title="San Jose Public Library">San Jose Public Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924232955/https://www.sjpl.org/blog/looking-back-canning-valley-hearts-delight">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+Back%3A+Canning+in+the+Valley+of+Heart%27s+Delight&rft.pub=San+Jose+Public+Library&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjpl.org%2Fblog%2Flooking-back-canning-valley-hearts-delight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/shocksemi.html">"Shockley Semiconductor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Station">Public Broadcasting Station</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026102245/http://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/corgs/shocksemi.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shockley+Semiconductor&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Ftransistor%2Fbackground1%2Fcorgs%2Fshocksemi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1989" class="citation news cs1">The New York Times (October 20, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/20/us/california-quake-bay-bridge-damage-link-across-bay-more-serious-than-thought.html">"The California Quake: The Bay Bridge; Damage to Link Across Bay Is More Serious Than Thought"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171220025932/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/20/us/california-quake-bay-bridge-damage-link-across-bay-more-serious-than-thought.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+California+Quake%3A+The+Bay+Bridge%3B+Damage+to+Link+Across+Bay+Is+More+Serious+Than+Thought&rft.date=1989-10-20&rft.au=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F20%2Fus%2Fcalifornia-quake-bay-bridge-damage-link-across-bay-more-serious-than-thought.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/c1008090pc.txt">"1990 and 1980 Census Counts for Cities with 1990 Population Greater Than 100,000"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629135637/http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/c1008090pc.txt">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014. <q>1980: San Francisco = 678974, San Jose = 629400. 1990: San Jose = 782248, San Francisco = 723959</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+and+1980+Census+Counts+for+Cities+with+1990+Population+Greater+Than+100%2C000&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fcensusdata%2Ffiles%2Fc1008090pc.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_Tara2015" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Tara (May 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etfdailynews.com/2015/05/13/when-did-the-stock-market-crash-a-list-of-u-s-markets-worst-declines-dow-jones/">"When Did The Stock Market Crash? A List Of U.S. Markets' Worst Declines"</a>. ETF Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118003157/https://etfdailynews.com/2015/05/13/when-did-the-stock-market-crash-a-list-of-u-s-markets-worst-declines-dow-jones/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Did+The+Stock+Market+Crash%3F+A+List+Of+U.S.+Markets%27+Worst+Declines&rft.pub=ETF+Daily+News&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.au=Clark%2C+Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetfdailynews.com%2F2015%2F05%2F13%2Fwhen-did-the-stock-market-crash-a-list-of-u-s-markets-worst-declines-dow-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bay_Area_Census-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Census_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Census_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Census_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Census_58-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Census_58-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea.htm">"Bay Area Census – Bay Area Data"</a>. Bayareacensus.ca.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026075508/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bay+Area+Census+%E2%80%93+Bay+Area+Data&rft.pub=Bayareacensus.ca.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fbayarea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3488005.stm">"Gays rush to San Francisco to wed"</a>. BBC News. February 15, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140434/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3488005.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gays+rush+to+San+Francisco+to+wed&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F3488005.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildermuth,_John2008" class="citation web cs1">Wildermuth, John (November 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Voters-backing-same-sex-marriage-ban-3186400.php">"Voters backing same-sex marriage ban"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193922/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Voters-backing-same-sex-marriage-ban-3186400.php">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Voters+backing+same-sex+marriage+ban&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft.au=Wildermuth%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FVoters-backing-same-sex-marriage-ban-3186400.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Carolyn2009" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Carolyn (January 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116095506/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F01%2F09%2FMNC3155VI6.DTL">"Oakland storekeepers tell of night of terror"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/09/MNC3155VI6.DTL">the original</a> on January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Oakland+storekeepers+tell+of+night+of+terror&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft.au=Jones%2C+Carolyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F01%2F09%2FMNC3155VI6.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZennie622011" class="citation web cs1">Zennie62 (October 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105015417/http://blog.sfgate.com/abraham/2011/10/30/occupy-oakland-the-oscar-grant-frank-ogawa-plaza-issue/">"Occupy Oakland: The Oscar Grant / Frank Ogawa Plaza Issue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sfgate.com/abraham/2011/10/30/occupy-oakland-the-oscar-grant-frank-ogawa-plaza-issue/">the original</a> on November 5, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Occupy+Oakland%3A+The+Oscar+Grant+%2F+Frank+Ogawa+Plaza+Issue&rft.date=2011-10-30&rft.au=Zennie62&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sfgate.com%2Fabraham%2F2011%2F10%2F30%2Foccupy-oakland-the-oscar-grant-frank-ogawa-plaza-issue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamisher-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Kamisher_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamisher2023" class="citation news cs1">Kamisher, Eliyahu (August 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-29/silicon-valley-is-thriving-as-tech-epicenter-while-san-francisco-struggles">"Move Over, San Francisco: The Suburbs of Silicon Valley Are Calling"</a>. Bloomberg. Retrieved March 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Move+Over%2C+San+Francisco%3A+The+Suburbs+of+Silicon+Valley+Are+Calling&rft.date=2023-08-29&rft.aulast=Kamisher&rft.aufirst=Eliyahu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-08-29%2Fsilicon-valley-is-thriving-as-tech-epicenter-while-san-francisco-struggles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-walker-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walker_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_64-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Richard_and_Alex_Schafran2015" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Richard and Alex Schafran (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185034/http://geography.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Walker_107.pdf">"The strange case of the Bay Area"</a> (PDF). Environment and Planning. 47 (1): 11–13. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EnPlA..47...10W">2015EnPlA..47...10W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fa46277">10.1068/a46277</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143111595">143111595</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Walker_107.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Planning&rft.atitle=The+strange+case+of+the+Bay+Area&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-13&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143111595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1068%2Fa46277&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015EnPlA..47...10W&rft.au=Walker%2C+Richard+and+Alex+Schafran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.berkeley.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F01%2FWalker_107.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaczek,_Jessica2018" class="citation web cs1">Placzek, Jessica (September 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11689315/how-do-you-define-the-bay-area-2">"How Do You Define the 'Bay Area'?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911015224/https://www.kqed.org/news/11689315/how-do-you-define-the-bay-area-2">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Do+You+Define+the+%27Bay+Area%27%3F&rft.pub=KQED&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft.au=Placzek%2C+Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F11689315%2Fhow-do-you-define-the-bay-area-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/publications_forms/publications/factsheets/docs/region_brds.pdf">"The Nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards in California"</a> (PDF). California Water Boards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207151544/http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/publications_forms/publications/factsheets//docs/region_brds.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Regional+Water+Quality+Control+Boards+in+California&rft.pub=California+Water+Boards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterboards.ca.gov%2Fpublications_forms%2Fpublications%2Ffactsheets%2Fdocs%2Fregion_brds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutbaaqmd-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbaaqmd_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbaaqmd_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district">"About the Air District"</a>. Bay Area Air Quality Management District. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918030716/http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Air+District&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Air+Quality+Management+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baaqmd.gov%2Fabout-the-air-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfbayrestore.org/">"Welcome page"</a>. San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912163532/http://sfbayrestore.org/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+page&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Bay+Restoration+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfbayrestore.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/what-mtc/nine-bay-area-counties">"Nine Bay Area counties"</a>. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035850/https://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/what-mtc/nine-bay-area-counties">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nine+Bay+Area+counties&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmtc.ca.gov%2Fabout-mtc%2Fwhat-mtc%2Fnine-bay-area-counties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abag.ca.gov/overview/members.html">"ABAG Members"</a>. Association of Bay Area Governments. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929223523/http://abag.ca.gov/overview/members.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABAG+Members&rft.pub=Association+of+Bay+Area+Governments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabag.ca.gov%2Foverview%2Fmembers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/counties.htm">"Bay Area Census – Counties"</a>. Bay Area Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913050050/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/counties/counties.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bay+Area+Census+%E2%80%93+Counties&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fcounties%2Fcounties.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truckads.com/Designated-Market/San-Francisco-Oakland-San-Jose.htm">"San Francisco-San Jose-Oakland Designated Media Market Data"</a>. Truck Ads. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920143113/http://www.truckads.com/Designated-Market/San-Francisco-Oakland-San-Jose.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco-San+Jose-Oakland+Designated+Media+Market+Data&rft.pub=Truck+Ads&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.truckads.com%2FDesignated-Market%2FSan-Francisco-Oakland-San-Jose.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. August 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sabrina (January 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr">Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to And Living in the San Francisco Bay Area: Including San Jose, Oakland, Berkeley, And Palo Alto</a>. First Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr/page/99">99</a>–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1"><bdi>978-0-912301-63-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newcomer%27s+Handbook+for+Moving+to+And+Living+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+Including+San+Jose%2C+Oakland%2C+Berkeley%2C+And+Palo+Alto&rft.pages=99-129&rft.pub=First+Books&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.isbn=978-0-912301-63-1&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewcomershandboo00sabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sabrina (January 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr">Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to And Living in the San Francisco Bay Area: Including San Jose, Oakland, Berkeley, And Palo Alto</a>. First Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr/page/78">78</a>–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1"><bdi>978-0-912301-63-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newcomer%27s+Handbook+for+Moving+to+And+Living+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+Including+San+Jose%2C+Oakland%2C+Berkeley%2C+And+Palo+Alto&rft.pages=78-98&rft.pub=First+Books&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.isbn=978-0-912301-63-1&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewcomershandboo00sabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sabrina (January 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr">Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to And Living in the San Francisco Bay Area: Including San Jose, Oakland, Berkeley, And Palo Alto</a>. First Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr/page/130">130</a>–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1"><bdi>978-0-912301-63-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newcomer%27s+Handbook+for+Moving+to+And+Living+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+Including+San+Jose%2C+Oakland%2C+Berkeley%2C+And+Palo+Alto&rft.pages=130-156&rft.pub=First+Books&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.isbn=978-0-912301-63-1&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewcomershandboo00sabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawford2006-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Crawford2006_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sabrina (January 31, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr">Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to And Living in the San Francisco Bay Area: Including San Jose, Oakland, Berkeley, And Palo Alto</a>. First Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newcomershandboo00sabr/page/9">9</a>–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912301-63-1"><bdi>978-0-912301-63-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Newcomer%27s+Handbook+for+Moving+to+And+Living+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+Including+San+Jose%2C+Oakland%2C+Berkeley%2C+And+Palo+Alto&rft.pages=9-182&rft.pub=First+Books&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.isbn=978-0-912301-63-1&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewcomershandboo00sabr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolte,_Carl2015" class="citation news cs1">Nolte, Carl (November 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/nativeson/article/Peninsula-a-surprise-find-south-of-S-F-6617485.php">"Peninsula a surprise find south of S.F."</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924183543/http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/nativeson/article/Peninsula-a-surprise-find-south-of-S-F-6617485.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Peninsula+a+surprise+find+south+of+S.F.&rft.date=2015-11-07&rft.au=Nolte%2C+Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fbayarea%2Fnativeson%2Farticle%2FPeninsula-a-surprise-find-south-of-S-F-6617485.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Commerce,_Office_of_Area_Development1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>, Office of Area Development (December 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDFFAQAAIAAJ">Future Development of the San Francisco Bay Area, 1960–2020</a>. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+Development+of+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%2C+1960%E2%80%932020&rft.pages=69&rft.date=1959-12&rft.au=United+States+Department+of+Commerce%2C+Office+of+Area+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDFFAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/9100976C.TXT">Groundwater Contamination Cleanups at South Bay Superfund Sites: Progress Report</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>, Region IX. April 1989. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Groundwater+Contamination+Cleanups+at+South+Bay+Superfund+Sites%3A+Progress+Report&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency%2C+Region+IX&rft.date=1989-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnepis.epa.gov%2FExe%2FZyNET.exe%2F9100976C.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ggclimate-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ggclimate_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ggclimate_81-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html">"Climate of San Francisco"</a>. Golden Gate Weather Services. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116053815/http://ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2015. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+of+San+Francisco&rft.pub=Golden+Gate+Weather+Services&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fggweather.com%2Fsf%2Fnarrative.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOASJ-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOASJ_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOASJ_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOASJ_82-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Miguel1999" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Miguel (April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/sfd_sjc_climate/sjc/SJC_CLIMATE3.php">"Climate of San Jose"</a>. National Weather Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041215213648/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/sfd_sjc_climate/sjc/SJC_CLIMATE3.php">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2004. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+of+San+Jose&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service&rft.date=1999-04&rft.au=Miller%2C+Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrh.noaa.gov%2Fmtr%2Fsfd_sjc_climate%2Fsjc%2FSJC_CLIMATE3.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fog-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fog_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fog_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliam2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Gilliam" title="Harold Gilliam">Gilliam, Harold</a> (July–September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2002/cutting-through-the-fog">"Cutting Through the Fog: Demystifying the Summer Spectacle"</a>. Bay Nature. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622075243/http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2002/cutting-through-the-fog">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bay+Nature&rft.atitle=Cutting+Through+the+Fog%3A+Demystifying+the+Summer+Spectacle&rft.date=2002-07%2F2002-09&rft.aulast=Gilliam&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaynature.org%2Farticles%2Fjul-sep-2002%2Fcutting-through-the-fog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFG_climate-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFG_climate_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFG_climate_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFG_climate_84-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFG_climate_84-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFG_climate_84-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillam,_Harold2001" class="citation news cs1">Gillam, Harold (July 9, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Weather-as-varied-as-the-people-Land-and-fog-2900468.php">"Weather as varied as the people / Land and fog build summer microclimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130108231926/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Weather-as-varied-as-the-people-Land-and-fog-2900468.php">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Weather+as+varied+as+the+people+%2F+Land+and+fog+build+summer+microclimates&rft.date=2001-07-09&rft.au=Gillam%2C+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FWeather-as-varied-as-the-people-Land-and-fog-2900468.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?ca2934">"Fairfield, California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Climatic+Data+Center+%28NCDC%29+1981-2010+Monthly+Normals&rft.atitle=Fairfield%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fca2934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?ca6336">"Oakland, California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Climatic+Data+Center+%28NCDC%29+1981-2010+Monthly+Normals&rft.atitle=Oakland%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fca6336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?ca7772">"San Francisco Downtown, California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Climatic+Data+Center+%28NCDC%29+1981-2010+Monthly+Normals&rft.atitle=San+Francisco+Downtown%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fca7772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?ca7821">"San Jose"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Climatic+Data+Center+%28NCDC%29+1981-2010+Monthly+Normals&rft.atitle=San+Jose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fca7821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliNORMNCDC2010.pl?ca7965">"Santa Rosa, California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> (NCDC) 1981-2010 Monthly Normals. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Climatic+Data+Center+%28NCDC%29+1981-2010+Monthly+Normals&rft.atitle=Santa+Rosa%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrcc.dri.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FcliNORMNCDC2010.pl%3Fca7965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/san_francisco_bay_area_and_delta_protection/">"San Francisco Bay Area and Delta Protection"</a>. Center for Biological Diversity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915154512/http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/san_francisco_bay_area_and_delta_protection/">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco+Bay+Area+and+Delta+Protection&rft.pub=Center+for+Biological+Diversity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biologicaldiversity.org%2Fcampaigns%2Fsan_francisco_bay_area_and_delta_protection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Ocean/Regulations/Fishing-Map/San-Francisco">"Current California Ocean Recreational Fishing Regulations"</a>. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185638/https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Ocean/Regulations/Fishing-Map/San-Francisco">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+California+Ocean+Recreational+Fishing+Regulations&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Fish+and+Wildlife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlife.ca.gov%2FFishing%2FOcean%2FRegulations%2FFishing-Map%2FSan-Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87379">"From Salt Production to Salt Marsh"</a>. NASA Earth Observatory. February 11, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519201705/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87379">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Salt+Production+to+Salt+Marsh&rft.pub=NASA+Earth+Observatory&rft.date=2016-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthobservatory.nasa.gov%2FIOTD%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D87379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiter,_Matthew_E.2011" class="citation web cs1">Reiter, Matthew E.; et al. (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.prbo.org/apps/pfss/uploads/Reports/SanFranciscoBayShorebirdMonitoringPlan_v1.0_FULL_PRBO_2010CALCC.pdf">"A Monitoring Plan for Wintering Shorebids in the San Francisco Bay"</a> (PDF). California Landscape Conservation Cooperative. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819071630/http://data.prbo.org/apps/pfss/uploads/Reports/SanFranciscoBayShorebirdMonitoringPlan_v1.0_FULL_PRBO_2010CALCC.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Monitoring+Plan+for+Wintering+Shorebids+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.pub=California+Landscape+Conservation+Cooperative&rft.date=2011-04&rft.au=Reiter%2C+Matthew+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.prbo.org%2Fapps%2Fpfss%2Fuploads%2FReports%2FSanFranciscoBayShorebirdMonitoringPlan_v1.0_FULL_PRBO_2010CALCC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southbayrestoration.org/Fact%20Sheets/FS5.html">"Threatened and Endangered species"</a>. South Bay Restoration Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819071630/http://www.southbayrestoration.org/Fact%20Sheets/FS5.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Threatened+and+Endangered+species&rft.pub=South+Bay+Restoration+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbayrestoration.org%2FFact%2520Sheets%2FFS5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608223859/http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/ESA-Salmon-Listings/Salmon-Populations/Steelhead/STCCC.cfm">Central California Coast Steelhead DPS</a> (Report). NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Regional Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/ESA-Salmon-Listings/Salmon-Populations/Steelhead/STCCC.cfm">the original</a> on June 8, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Central+California+Coast+Steelhead+DPS&rft.pub=NOAA%27s+National+Marine+Fisheries+Service+Northwest+Regional+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwr.noaa.gov%2FESA-Salmon-Listings%2FSalmon-Populations%2FSteelhead%2FSTCCC.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Science-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Science_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Miller2010" class="citation journal cs1">Greg Miller (January 2010). "In Central California, Coho Salmon Are on the Brink". Science. 327 (5965): 512–3. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...327..512M">2010Sci...327..512M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.327.5965.512">10.1126/science.327.5965.512</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20110475">20110475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=In+Central+California%2C+Coho+Salmon+Are+on+the+Brink&rft.volume=327&rft.issue=5965&rft.pages=512-3&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20110475&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.327.5965.512&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Sci...327..512M&rft.au=Greg+Miller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanmanHylkemaBooneAllee2021" class="citation journal cs1">Lanman RB, Hylkema L, Boone CM, Allee B, Castillo RO, MorenoI SA, Flores MF, DeSilva U, Bingham B, Kemp BM (April 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8049268">"Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological specimens extends Chinook salmon's known historic range to San Francisco Bay's tributaries and southernmost watershed"</a>. PLOS ONE. 16 (4): e0244470. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PLoSO..1644470L">2021PLoSO..1644470L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0244470">10.1371/journal.pone.0244470</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8049268">8049268</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33857143">33857143</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+analysis+of+archaeological+specimens+extends+Chinook+salmon%27s+known+historic+range+to+San+Francisco+Bay%27s+tributaries+and+southernmost+watershed&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e0244470&rft.date=2021-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8049268%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33857143&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0244470&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PLoSO..1644470L&rft.aulast=Lanman&rft.aufirst=RB&rft.au=Hylkema%2C+L&rft.au=Boone%2C+CM&rft.au=Allee%2C+B&rft.au=Castillo%2C+RO&rft.au=MorenoI%2C+SA&rft.au=Flores%2C+MF&rft.au=DeSilva%2C+U&rft.au=Bingham%2C+B&rft.au=Kemp%2C+BM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8049268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConaway_CHBlack_FJGrieb_TMRoy_S2008" class="citation book cs1">Conaway CH; Black FJ; Grieb TM; Roy S; Flegal AR (2008). "Mercury in the San Francisco Estuary". Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 194. pp. 29–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-74816-0_2">10.1007/978-0-387-74816-0_2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-74815-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-74815-3"><bdi>978-0-387-74815-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18069645">18069645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mercury+in+the+San+Francisco+Estuary&rft.btitle=Reviews+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.pages=29-54&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18069645&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-0-387-74816-0_2&rft.isbn=978-0-387-74815-3&rft.au=Conaway+CH&rft.au=Black+FJ&rft.au=Grieb+TM&rft.au=Roy+S&rft.au=Flegal+AR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Skinner-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Skinner_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner,_John_E.1962" class="citation book cs1">Skinner, John E. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726035239/http://www.estuaryarchive.org/archive/skinner_1962/">An Historical Review of the Fish and Wildlife Resources of the San Francisco Bay Area (The Mammalian Resources)</a>. California Department of Fish and Game, Water Projects Branch Report no. 1. Sacramento, California: California Department of Fish and Game. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.estuaryarchive.org/archive/skinner_1962">the original</a> on July 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Review+of+the+Fish+and+Wildlife+Resources+of+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area+%28The+Mammalian+Resources%29&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Fish+and+Game%2C+Water+Projects+Branch+Report+no.+1.+Sacramento%2C+California%3A+California+Department+of+Fish+and+Game&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Skinner%2C+John+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estuaryarchive.org%2Farchive%2Fskinner_1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuzanne_Stewart_and_Adrian_Praetzellis2003" class="citation report cs1">Suzanne Stewart and Adrian Praetzellis (November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview4.pdf">Archeological Research Issues for the Point Reyes National Seashore – Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a> (PDF) (Report). Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State University. p. 335. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602004851/http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 2, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Archeological+Research+Issues+for+the+Point+Reyes+National+Seashore+%E2%80%93+Golden+Gate+National+Recreation+Area&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Anthropological+Studies+Center%2C+Sonoma+State+University&rft.date=2003-11&rft.au=Suzanne+Stewart+and+Adrian+Praetzellis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonoma.edu%2Fasc%2Fprojects%2Fpointreyes%2Foverview4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_Samantha2016" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Samantha (August 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2014/12/21/leave-it-to-beavers-california-joins-other-states-in-embracing-the-rodent/">"Leave it to beavers: California joins other states in embracing the rodent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185150/http://www.mercurynews.com/2014/12/21/leave-it-to-beavers-california-joins-other-states-in-embracing-the-rodent/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Leave+it+to+beavers%3A+California+joins+other+states+in+embracing+the+rodent&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft.au=Clark%2C+Samantha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2014%2F12%2F21%2Fleave-it-to-beavers-california-joins-other-states-in-embracing-the-rodent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630084732/http://www.sfgate.com/getoutside/1996/apr/rwanimals.html">"Get Outside!"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. April 1966. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/getoutside/1996/apr/rwanimals.html">the original</a> on June 30, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Get+Outside%21&rft.date=1966-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fgetoutside%2F1996%2Fapr%2Frwanimals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512020828/http://nrs.ucop.edu/reserves/blue_oak_ranch/blue_oak.htm">"Blue Oak Ranch Reserve"</a>. University of California. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.ucop.edu/reserves/blue_oak_ranch/blue_oak.htm">the original</a> on May 12, 2011. Retrieved March 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Oak+Ranch+Reserve&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrs.ucop.edu%2Freserves%2Fblue_oak_ranch%2Fblue_oak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026144506/https://www.pier39.com/the-sea-lion-story/">"Sea Lions and the Sea Lion Story"</a>. Pier 39. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pier39.com/the-sea-lion-story/">the original</a> on October 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sea+Lions+and+the+Sea+Lion+Story&rft.pub=Pier+39&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pier39.com%2Fthe-sea-lion-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTokuda,_WendyHall,_RichardWakiyama,_Hanako_(ill.)1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Tokuda" title="Wendy Tokuda">Tokuda, Wendy</a>; Hall, Richard; Wakiyama, Hanako (ill.) (1986). Humphrey the lost whale: a true story. Union City, California: Heian Intl Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89346-270-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89346-270-3"><bdi>978-0-89346-270-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/779021889">779021889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humphrey+the+lost+whale%3A+a+true+story&rft.place=Union+City%2C+California&rft.pub=Heian+Intl+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F779021889&rft.isbn=978-0-89346-270-3&rft.au=Tokuda%2C+Wendy&rft.au=Hall%2C+Richard&rft.au=Wakiyama%2C+Hanako+%28ill.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoger,_AnnaMarie" class="citation web cs1">Roger, AnnaMarie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oursausalito.com/fun-sausalito-activities/marine-mammal-center/dolphins-harbor-porpoise-project.html">"Dolphins and Porpoises in San Francisco Bay"</a>. Our Sausalito. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184549/http://www.oursausalito.com/fun-sausalito-activities/marine-mammal-center/dolphins-harbor-porpoise-project.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dolphins+and+Porpoises+in+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.pub=Our+Sausalito&rft.au=Roger%2C+AnnaMarie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oursausalito.com%2Ffun-sausalito-activities%2Fmarine-mammal-center%2Fdolphins-harbor-porpoise-project.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYagi,_Randy2015" class="citation web cs1">Yagi, Randy (September 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-places-for-bird-watching-near-bay-area/">"Best Places For Bird Watching Near Bay Area"</a>. KPIX-5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184412/http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/top-lists/best-places-for-bird-watching-near-bay-area/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Places+For+Bird+Watching+Near+Bay+Area&rft.pub=KPIX-5&rft.date=2015-09-05&rft.au=Yagi%2C+Randy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanfrancisco.cbslocal.com%2Ftop-lists%2Fbest-places-for-bird-watching-near-bay-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRendon,_JIm1999" class="citation news cs1">Rendon, JIm (November–December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/11.24.99/cover/species5-9947.html">"Owl Be Damned:Developers plow into the homes of the burrowing owl"</a>. Metro, Silicon Valley's Weekly Newspaper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607070312/http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/11.24.99/cover/species5-9947.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro%2C+Silicon+Valley%27s+Weekly+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Owl+Be+Damned%3ADevelopers+plow+into+the+homes+of+the+burrowing+owl&rft.date=1999-11%2F1999-12&rft.au=Rendon%2C+JIm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroactive.com%2Fpapers%2Fmetro%2F11.24.99%2Fcover%2Fspecies5-9947.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Eaton2010" class="citation news cs1">Joe Eaton (January 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2010-01-14/article/34485?headline=Wild-Neighbors-Antioch-Owls-Face-Evicition">"Wild Neighbors: Antioch Owls Face Evicition [sic]"</a>. Berkeley Daily Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100907001754/http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2010-01-14/article/34485?headline=Wild-Neighbors-Antioch-Owls-Face-Evicition">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+Daily+Planet&rft.atitle=Wild+Neighbors%3A+Antioch+Owls+Face+Evicition+%5Bsic%5D&rft.date=2010-01-14&rft.au=Joe+Eaton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleydailyplanet.com%2Fissue%2F2010-01-14%2Farticle%2F34485%3Fheadline%3DWild-Neighbors-Antioch-Owls-Face-Evicition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-baldeagle-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baldeagle_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baldeagle_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-baldeagle_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrieger,_Lisa_M.2017" class="citation news cs1">Krieger, Lisa M. (April 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/03/in-bay-area-bald-eagles-breed-and-soar-once-more/">"In Bay Area, bald eagles breed and soar once more"</a>. San Jose Mercury News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185110/http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/03/in-bay-area-bald-eagles-breed-and-soar-once-more/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=In+Bay+Area%2C+bald+eagles+breed+and+soar+once+more&rft.date=2017-04-03&rft.au=Krieger%2C+Lisa+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2017%2F04%2F03%2Fin-bay-area-bald-eagles-breed-and-soar-once-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_M._Krieger2012" class="citation news cs1">Lisa M. Krieger (March 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_20243906/eagles-reappear-san-mateo-after-nearly-century-absence#.T28ziNcgZcM.email">"Eagles reappear in San Mateo County after nearly century absence"</a>. San Jose Mercury News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116112629/http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_20243906/eagles-reappear-san-mateo-after-nearly-century-absence#.T28ziNcgZcM.email">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Eagles+reappear+in+San+Mateo+County+after+nearly+century+absence&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft.au=Lisa+M.+Krieger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fbay-area-news%2Fci_20243906%2Feagles-reappear-san-mateo-after-nearly-century-absence%23.T28ziNcgZcM.email&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._GrinnellM._W._Wythe1927" class="citation journal cs1">J. Grinnell; M. W. Wythe (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sora.unm.edu/node/113">"Directory to the bird-life of the San Francisco Bay region"</a>. Pacific Coast Avifauna. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524221030/https://sora.unm.edu/node/113">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Coast+Avifauna&rft.atitle=Directory+to+the+bird-life+of+the+San+Francisco+Bay+region&rft.volume=18&rft.date=1927&rft.au=J.+Grinnell&rft.au=M.+W.+Wythe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fnode%2F113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._J._HennyR._G._Anthony1989" class="citation journal cs1">C. J. Henny; R. G. Anthony (1989). B. G. Pendleton (ed.). "Bald Eagle and Osprey, in Proceedings of the Western Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop". National Wildlife Federation Scientific and Technical Series. 12: 66–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Wildlife+Federation+Scientific+and+Technical+Series&rft.atitle=Bald+Eagle+and+Osprey%2C+in+Proceedings+of+the+Western+Raptor+Management+Symposium+and+Workshop&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=66-82&rft.date=1989&rft.au=C.+J.+Henny&rft.au=R.+G.+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bousman2007-114"><a href="#cite_ref-Bousman2007_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_G._Bousman2007" class="citation book cs1">William G. Bousman (January 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qYNFAQAAIAAJ">Breeding Bird Atlas of Santa Clara County, California</a>. Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9796038-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9796038-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9796038-0-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525044646/https://books.google.com/books?id=qYNFAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breeding+Bird+Atlas+of+Santa+Clara+County%2C+California&rft.pub=Santa+Clara+Valley+Audubon+Society&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-9796038-0-8&rft.au=William+G.+Bousman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqYNFAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_J._BrakeHarvey_A._WilsonRobin_LeongAllen_M._Fish2014" class="citation journal cs1">Anthony J. Brake; Harvey A. Wilson; Robin Leong & Allen M. Fish (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/archive/V45/WB-45(3)-Brake-190-198.pdf">"Status of Ospreys Nesting on San Francisco Bay"</a> (PDF). Western Birds. 45 (3): 190–198. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610033943/http://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/archive/V45/WB-45(3)-Brake-190-198.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Birds&rft.atitle=Status+of+Ospreys+Nesting+on+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=190-198&rft.date=2014-09&rft.au=Anthony+J.+Brake&rft.au=Harvey+A.+Wilson&rft.au=Robin+Leong&rft.au=Allen+M.+Fish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westernfieldornithologists.org%2Farchive%2FV45%2FWB-45%283%29-Brake-190-198.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rub-116"><a href="#cite_ref-rub_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubio2015" class="citation web cs1">Rubio, Tena (November 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/27/like-it-or-not-wild-turkeys-proliferate-in-east-bay">"Like It or Not, Wild Turkeys Proliferate in East Bay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113108/http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/27/like-it-or-not-wild-turkeys-proliferate-in-east-bay">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Like+It+or+Not%2C+Wild+Turkeys+Proliferate+in+East+Bay&rft.pub=KQED&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Rubio&rft.aufirst=Tena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2F27%2Flike-it-or-not-wild-turkeys-proliferate-in-east-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloan2006" class="citation book cs1">Sloan, Doris (2006). Geology of the San Francisco Bay Region. University of California Press. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Region&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Sloan&rft.aufirst=Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/algeo.pdf">Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bedrock formations in Alameda County, California: A digital database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116021336/http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/algeo.pdf">Archived</a> January 16, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> USGS Publication </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloan,_Doris2001" class="citation web cs1">Sloan, Doris (October 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baynature.org/article/what-and-where-are-the-oldest-rocks-in-the-bay-area/">"What, and where, are the oldest rocks in the Bay Area?"</a>. Bay Nature Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924224728/https://baynature.org/article/what-and-where-are-the-oldest-rocks-in-the-bay-area/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%2C+and+where%2C+are+the+oldest+rocks+in+the+Bay+Area%3F&rft.pub=Bay+Nature+Magazine&rft.date=2001-10-01&rft.au=Sloan%2C+Doris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaynature.org%2Farticle%2Fwhat-and-where-are-the-oldest-rocks-in-the-bay-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlden,_Andrew2011" class="citation web cs1">Alden, Andrew (April 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/">"Bay Area Volcanoes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185228/https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/28/bay-area-volcanoes/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bay+Area+Volcanoes&rft.pub=KQED&rft.date=2011-04-11&rft.au=Alden%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2.kqed.org%2Fquest%2F2011%2F04%2F28%2Fbay-area-volcanoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_David_W" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, David W; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2188/b2188ch4.pdf">"San Andreas Fault and Coastal Geology from Half Moon Bay to Fort Funston: Crustal Motion, Climate Change, and Human Activity"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502033855/https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2188//b2188ch4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Andreas+Fault+and+Coastal+Geology+from+Half+Moon+Bay+to+Fort+Funston%3A+Crustal+Motion%2C+Climate+Change%2C+and+Human+Activity&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fbul%2Fb2188%2Fb2188ch4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/">Fault Activity Map of California</a> (Map). California Geological Survey. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922173523/http://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fault+Activity+Map+of+California&rft.pub=California+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.conservation.ca.gov%2Fcgs%2Ffam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/virtualtour/bayarea.php">"The San Andreas and Other Bay Area Faults"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184330/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1906calif/virtualtour/bayarea.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+San+Andreas+and+Other+Bay+Area+Faults&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Fevents%2F1906calif%2Fvirtualtour%2Fbayarea.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlman,_David2003" class="citation news cs1">Perlman, David (December 25, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Bay-Area-home-to-thrust-faults-Some-are-hidden-2544890.php">"Bay Area home to thrust faults / Some are hidden from scientists' view"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924183536/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Bay-Area-home-to-thrust-faults-Some-are-hidden-2544890.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Bay+Area+home+to+thrust+faults+%2F+Some+are+hidden+from+scientists%27+view&rft.date=2003-12-25&rft.au=Perlman%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FBay-Area-home-to-thrust-faults-Some-are-hidden-2544890.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf">"Earthquake Hazards of The Bay Area Today"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062030/https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Hazards+of+The+Bay+Area+Today&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Ffs%2F2016%2F3020%2Ffs20163020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/OnePane/basicviewer/index.html?appid=387531ac0c094da5b6139b890958fca6">"San Francisco Bay Delta Watershed Map"</a>. ArcGIS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080049/http://www.arcgis.com/apps/OnePane/basicviewer/index.html?appid=387531ac0c094da5b6139b890958fca6">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco+Bay+Delta+Watershed+Map&rft.pub=ArcGIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2FOnePane%2Fbasicviewer%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D387531ac0c094da5b6139b890958fca6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ccao/berryessa/index.html">"Lake Berryessa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035331/https://www.usbr.gov/mp/ccao/berryessa/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+Berryessa&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usbr.gov%2Fmp%2Fccao%2Fberryessa%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224063330/http://www.lakemerrittinstitute.org/about_lake.htm">"About Lake Merritt"</a>. The Lake Merritt Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lakemerrittinstitute.org/about_lake.htm">the original</a> on February 24, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Lake+Merritt&rft.pub=The+Lake+Merritt+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lakemerrittinstitute.org%2Fabout_lake.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-marshes-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marshes_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshes_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshes_129-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/~sophiarc/WetlandsHistory.html">"A Brief History of the San Francisco Bay Tidal Marshes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803215008/http://web.stanford.edu/~sophiarc/WetlandsHistory.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Tidal+Marshes&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2F~sophiarc%2FWetlandsHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Kimmerer, W. (2004). "Open water process of the San Francisco Estuary: from physical forcing to biological responses. " San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 2(1). pp. 1–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Roger2016" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Roger (August 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/08/29/massive-new-wetlands-restoration-reshapes-san-francisco-bay/">"Massive new wetlands restoration reshapes San Francisco Bay"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230730/http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/08/29/massive-new-wetlands-restoration-reshapes-san-francisco-bay/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Massive+new+wetlands+restoration+reshapes+San+Francisco+Bay&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft.au=Paul%2C+Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2013%2F08%2F29%2Fmassive-new-wetlands-restoration-reshapes-san-francisco-bay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drought.gov">"North American Monsoon and Drought Relief"</a>. drought.gov. Retrieved November 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drought.gov&rft.atitle=North+American+Monsoon+and+Drought+Relief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drought.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">title missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoxallSt._John2018" class="citation news cs1">Boxall, Bettina; St. John, Paige (November 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-camp-fire-science-20181110-story.html">"California's most destructive wildfire should not have come as a surprise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved November 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=California%27s+most+destructive+wildfire+should+not+have+come+as+a+surprise&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft.aulast=Boxall&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rft.au=St.+John%2C+Paige&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flatimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-camp-fire-science-20181110-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111042024/https://www.drought.gov/drought/">"Advancing Drought Science and Preparedness across the Nation"</a>. National Integrated Drought Information System. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drought.gov/drought/">the original</a> on November 11, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advancing+Drought+Science+and+Preparedness+across+the+Nation&rft.pub=National+Integrated+Drought+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drought.gov%2Fdrought%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county">"U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County"</a>. migrationpolicy.org. February 4, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703222630/http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=migrationpolicy.org&rft.atitle=U.S.+Immigrant+Population+by+State+and+County&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Fprograms%2Fdata-hub%2Fcharts%2Fus-immigrant-population-state-and-county&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-americanfactfinder-136"><a href="#cite_ref-americanfactfinder_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124020222/http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/state_census_data_center/census_2010/documents/2010Census_Table3A_RedistrictingFile.xls">"Census 2010: Table 3A – Total Population by Race (Hispanic exclusive) and Hispanic or Latino: 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Finance" title="California Department of Finance">California Department of Finance</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/state_census_data_center/census_2010/documents/2010Census_Table3A_RedistrictingFile.xls">the original</a> (Excel) on November 24, 2011. Retrieved June 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2010%3A+Table+3A+%E2%80%93+Total+Population+by+Race+%28Hispanic+exclusive%29+and+Hispanic+or+Latino%3A+2010&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Finance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dof.ca.gov%2Fresearch%2Fdemographic%2Fstate_census_data_center%2Fcensus_2010%2Fdocuments%2F2010Census_Table3A_RedistrictingFile.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BusinessInsider-137"><a href="#cite_ref-BusinessInsider_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillet2013" class="citation journal cs1">Willet, Megan (July 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-diverse-cities-in-the-us-2013-7">"The Most Diverse Cities in United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911154628/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-diverse-cities-in-the-us-2013-7">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+Most+Diverse+Cities+in+United+States&rft.date=2013-07-08&rft.aulast=Willet&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fthe-most-diverse-cities-in-the-us-2013-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asarb-138"><a href="#cite_ref-asarb_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123122848/http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_195c.asp">"Judaism (estimated) Metro Areas (2000)"</a>. The Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/QuickLists/QuickList_195c.asp">the original</a> on November 23, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judaism+%28estimated%29+Metro+Areas+%282000%29&rft.pub=The+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2FQuickLists%2FQuickList_195c.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jweekly.com/2015/09/25/lamorinda-area-of-east-bay-gets-a-new-chabad/">"Lamorinda area of East Bay gets a new Chabad"</a>. J. September 25, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331000345/https://www.jweekly.com/2015/09/25/lamorinda-area-of-east-bay-gets-a-new-chabad/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J&rft.atitle=Lamorinda+area+of+East+Bay+gets+a+new+Chabad&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jweekly.com%2F2015%2F09%2F25%2Flamorinda-area-of-east-bay-gets-a-new-chabad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchez,_Tatiana2016" class="citation news cs1">Sanchez, Tatiana (September 6, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/08/report-bay-area-latino-population-growth-has-slowed/">"Report: Bay Area Latino population growth has slowed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184316/http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/08/report-bay-area-latino-population-growth-has-slowed/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Bay+Area+Latino+population+growth+has+slowed&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Tatiana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2016%2F09%2F08%2Freport-bay-area-latino-population-growth-has-slowed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelVecchio,_Rick2001" class="citation news cs1">DelVecchio, Rick (May 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Hispanics-move-from-S-F-San-Jose-into-suburbs-2918330.php">"Hispanics move from S.F., San Jose into suburbs / Numbers climb fast throughout state"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924183106/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Hispanics-move-from-S-F-San-Jose-into-suburbs-2918330.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Hispanics+move+from+S.F.%2C+San+Jose+into+suburbs+%2F+Numbers+climb+fast+throughout+state&rft.date=2001-05-24&rft.au=DelVecchio%2C+Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FHispanics-move-from-S-F-San-Jose-into-suburbs-2918330.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kqed.org/w/hood/mission/barrio.html">"The Mission – A Barrio of Many Colors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819070729/https://www.kqed.org/w/hood/mission/barrio.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mission+%E2%80%93+A+Barrio+of+Many+Colors&rft.pub=KQED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fw%2Fhood%2Fmission%2Fbarrio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/06/20/asians-are-now-largest-group-in-two-bay-area-counties-new-data-shows/">"Asians are now largest group in these two Bay Area counties, new data shows"</a>. The Mercury News. June 20, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026154020/https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/06/20/asians-are-now-largest-group-in-two-bay-area-counties-new-data-shows/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Asians+are+now+largest+group+in+these+two+Bay+Area+counties%2C+new+data+shows&rft.date=2019-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F20%2Fasians-are-now-largest-group-in-two-bay-area-counties-new-data-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf">"The Asian Population: 2010"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census. pp. 12–13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917175221/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Asian+Population%3A+2010&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=U.S.+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fbriefs%2Fc2010br-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212210601/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3">"QT-P3 – Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a> Summary File 1. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2010+United+States+Census+Summary+File+1&rft.atitle=QT-P3+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+or+Latino+Origin%3A+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DDEC_10_SF1_QTP3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116021343/http://www.faleo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=62">"Training and Education /PET"</a>. Filipino-American Law Enforcement Officers Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faleo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=62">the original</a> on January 16, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Training+and+Education+%2FPET&rft.pub=Filipino-American+Law+Enforcement+Officers+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faleo.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D54%26Itemid%3D62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2011/05/12/indian-american-population-is-fastest-growing-minority-group/">"Indian-American population is fastest-growing minority group"</a>. East Bay Times. May 12, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184854/http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2011/05/12/indian-american-population-is-fastest-growing-minority-group/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Indian-American+population+is+fastest-growing+minority+group&rft.date=2011-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastbaytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F12%2Findian-american-population-is-fastest-growing-minority-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrella2004" class="citation news cs1">Estrella, Cicero A. (February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/02/16/BAG2751OP81.DTL">"S.F.'s 'Little Saigon' / Stretch of Larkin Street named for Vietnamese Americans"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091119195618/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F02%2F16%2FBAG2751OP81.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=S.F.%27s+%27Little+Saigon%27+%2F+Stretch+of+Larkin+Street+named+for+Vietnamese+Americans&rft.date=2004-02&rft.aulast=Estrella&rft.aufirst=Cicero+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F02%2F16%2FBAG2751OP81.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/asianamericans-maps/">"Asian American Maps"</a>. Pew Research. June 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001183510/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/asianamericans-maps/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asian+American+Maps&rft.pub=Pew+Research&rft.date=2012-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewsocialtrends.org%2Fasianamericans-maps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton,_Joe_and_Ron_Sullivan2014" class="citation news cs1">Eaton, Joe and Ron Sullivan (May 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/thedirt/article/Taste-of-Laos-in-Richmond-school-garden-4298443.php#photo-4220806">"Taste of Laos in Richmond school garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184151/http://www.sfgate.com/homeandgarden/thedirt/article/Taste-of-Laos-in-Richmond-school-garden-4298443.php#photo-4220806">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Taste+of+Laos+in+Richmond+school+garden&rft.date=2014-05-31&rft.au=Eaton%2C+Joe+and+Ron+Sullivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fhomeandgarden%2Fthedirt%2Farticle%2FTaste-of-Laos-in-Richmond-school-garden-4298443.php%23photo-4220806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/EastPaloAlto.htm">"East Palo Alto"</a>. Bay Area Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000508/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/EastPaloAlto.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Palo+Alto&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fcities%2FEastPaloAlto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytjazz-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytjazz_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytjazz_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller,_Thomas2016" class="citation news cs1">Fuller, Thomas (July 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/black-exodus-from-san-francisco.html?mcubz=1">"The Loneliness of Being Black in San Francisco"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182812/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/black-exodus-from-san-francisco.html?mcubz=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Loneliness+of+Being+Black+in+San+Francisco&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.au=Fuller%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F21%2Fus%2Fblack-exodus-from-san-francisco.html%3Fmcubz%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuruvila2011" class="citation web cs1">Kuruvila, Matthai (March 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/25-drop-in-African-American-population-in-Oakland-2471925.php">"25% drop in African American population in Oakland"</a>. SFGate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331022354/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/25-drop-in-African-American-population-in-Oakland-2471925.php">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=25%25+drop+in+African+American+population+in+Oakland&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft.aulast=Kuruvila&rft.aufirst=Matthai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2F25-drop-in-African-American-population-in-Oakland-2471925.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-southpark-154"><a href="#cite_ref-southpark_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20090613/ARTICLES/906139924?p=4&tc=pg">"South Park, Santa Rosa's vibrant, ever-changing corner"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Press_Democrat" title="The Press Democrat">The Press Democrat</a>. June 14, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120925124703/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20090613/ARTICLES/906139924?p=4&tc=pg">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Press+Democrat&rft.atitle=South+Park%2C+Santa+Rosa%27s+vibrant%2C+ever-changing+corner&rft.date=2009-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressdemocrat.com%2Farticle%2F20090613%2FARTICLES%2F906139924%3Fp%3D4%26tc%3Dpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Vallejo.htm">"Vallejo"</a>. Bay Area Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182640/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Vallejo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vallejo&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fcities%2FVallejo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Richmond.htm">"Richmond"</a>. Bay Area Census. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905222109/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cities/Richmond.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richmond&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fcities%2FRichmond.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cdp/MarinCityCDP2010.pdf">"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics - GEO: Marin City CDP, California"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190412020803/http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/cdp/MarinCityCDP2010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+of+General+Population+and+Housing+Characteristics+-+GEO%3A+Marin+City+CDP%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareacensus.ca.gov%2Fcdp%2FMarinCityCDP2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200331054359/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml">"Community Facts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. October 5, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml">the original</a> on March 31, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Facts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2010-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Fnav%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fcommunity_facts.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_159-2">c</a> Scott, W. Richard, and Michael W. Krist. Higher Education and Silicon Valley: Connected but Conflicted. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-affluence-160"><a href="#cite_ref-affluence_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141112/http://www.insidebayarea.com/sanmateocountytimes/localnews/ci_4259660">"Pleasanton tops county in median household income"</a>. Inside Bay Area. August 30, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidebayarea.com/sanmateocountytimes/localnews/ci_4259660">the original</a> on June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pleasanton+tops+county+in+median+household+income&rft.pub=Inside+Bay+Area&rft.date=2006-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidebayarea.com%2Fsanmateocountytimes%2Flocalnews%2Fci_4259660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-henley23-161"><a href="#cite_ref-henley23_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.henleyglobal.com/publications/wealthiest-cities">"World's Wealthiest Cities Report 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henley_%26_Partners" title="Henley & Partners">Henley & Partners</a>. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Wealthiest+Cities+Report+2023&rft.pub=Henley+%26+Partners&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.henleyglobal.com%2Fpublications%2Fwealthiest-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWW21-162"><a href="#cite_ref-NWW21_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122050955/https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021">"The Wealthiest Cities in the World 2021"</a>. New World Wealth. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newworldwealth.com/reports/f/the-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021">the original</a> on January 22, 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wealthiest+Cities+in+the+World+2021&rft.pub=New+World+Wealth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewworldwealth.com%2Freports%2Ff%2Fthe-wealthiest-cities-in-the-world-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wealthinequality-163"><a href="#cite_ref-wealthinequality_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin,_Matt2016" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Matt (August 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calmatters.org/articles/income-inequality-in-california-may-not-look-like-you-think-it-does-and-why-that-may-be-a-good-thing/">"California's rich-poor gap: The reality may surprise you"</a>. CalMatters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042244/https://calmatters.org/articles/income-inequality-in-california-may-not-look-like-you-think-it-does-and-why-that-may-be-a-good-thing/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CalMatters&rft.atitle=California%27s+rich-poor+gap%3A+The+reality+may+surprise+you&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.au=Levin%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Farticles%2Fincome-inequality-in-california-may-not-look-like-you-think-it-does-and-why-that-may-be-a-good-thing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes,_Natalie_and_Alan_Berube2016" class="citation web cs1">Holmes, Natalie and Alan Berube (January 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/city-and-metropolitan-inequality-on-the-rise-driven-by-declining-incomes/">"City and metropolitan inequality on the rise, driven by declining incomes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924055819/https://www.brookings.edu/research/city-and-metropolitan-inequality-on-the-rise-driven-by-declining-incomes/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+and+metropolitan+inequality+on+the+rise%2C+driven+by+declining+incomes&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Natalie+and+Alan+Berube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Fcity-and-metropolitan-inequality-on-the-rise-driven-by-declining-incomes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uneven-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uneven_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uneven_165-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uneven_165-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uneven_165-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSernoffsky,_Evan_and_Kurtis_Alexander2015" class="citation news cs1">Sernoffsky, Evan and Kurtis Alexander (September 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/U-S-crime-drops-again-but-gains-uneven-in-Bay-6536129.php">"U.S. crime drops again, but gains uneven in Bay Area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185447/http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/U-S-crime-drops-again-but-gains-uneven-in-Bay-6536129.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=U.S.+crime+drops+again%2C+but+gains+uneven+in+Bay+Area&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.au=Sernoffsky%2C+Evan+and+Kurtis+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fcrime%2Farticle%2FU-S-crime-drops-again-but-gains-uneven-in-Bay-6536129.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbireport-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fbireport_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fbireport_166-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeklerov,_Kimberly2016" class="citation news cs1">Veklerov, Kimberly (September 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/FBI-report-reveals-safest-and-most-dangerous-Bay-9399281.php">"FBI report reveals safest and most dangerous Bay Area cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924183228/http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/FBI-report-reveals-safest-and-most-dangerous-Bay-9399281.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=FBI+report+reveals+safest+and+most+dangerous+Bay+Area+cities&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.au=Veklerov%2C+Kimberly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcrime%2Farticle%2FFBI-report-reveals-safest-and-most-dangerous-Bay-9399281.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga,_Robert2016" class="citation news cs1">Salonga, Robert (December 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/31/san-jose-street-violence-rises-burglary-drops-in-scattered-crime-profile-for-2016/">"San Jose: Street violence rises, burglary drops in scattered crime profile for 2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184756/http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/31/san-jose-street-violence-rises-burglary-drops-in-scattered-crime-profile-for-2016/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=San+Jose%3A+Street+violence+rises%2C+burglary+drops+in+scattered+crime+profile+for+2016&rft.date=2016-12-31&rft.au=Salonga%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2016%2F12%2F31%2Fsan-jose-street-violence-rises-burglary-drops-in-scattered-crime-profile-for-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulwa,_Demian2005" class="citation news cs1">Bulwa, Demian (May 27, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Sure-o-gang-s-threat-growing-in-2667647.php">"SAN FRANCISCO / Sureño gang's threat growing in Bay Area / Widow's apartment is at heart of group's Mission District turf"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140625215834/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Sure-o-gang-s-threat-growing-in-2667647.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=SAN+FRANCISCO+%2F+Sure%C3%B1o+gang%27s+threat+growing+in+Bay+Area+%2F+Widow%27s+apartment+is+at+heart+of+group%27s+Mission+District+turf&rft.date=2005-05-27&rft.au=Bulwa%2C+Demian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FSAN-FRANCISCO-Sure-o-gang-s-threat-growing-in-2667647.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2013/08/08/oakland-boosts-operation-ceasefire-after-baby-father-killed/">"Oakland Boosts 'Operation Ceasefire' After Baby, Father Killed"</a>. CBS San Francisco. August 8, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830044413/http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2013/08/08/oakland-boosts-operation-ceasefire-after-baby-father-killed/">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oakland+Boosts+%27Operation+Ceasefire%27+After+Baby%2C+Father+Killed&rft.pub=CBS+San+Francisco&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanfrancisco.cbslocal.com%2F2013%2F08%2F08%2Foakland-boosts-operation-ceasefire-after-baby-father-killed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Richard_and_Alex_Schafran2015" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Richard and Alex Schafran (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185034/http://geography.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Walker_107.pdf">"The strange case of the Bay Area"</a> (PDF). Environment and Planning. 47 (1): 14. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EnPlA..47...10W">2015EnPlA..47...10W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fa46277">10.1068/a46277</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143111595">143111595</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Walker_107.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+and+Planning&rft.atitle=The+strange+case+of+the+Bay+Area&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143111595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1068%2Fa46277&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015EnPlA..47...10W&rft.au=Walker%2C+Richard+and+Alex+Schafran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.berkeley.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F01%2FWalker_107.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanFranciscoFinancialDistrictDecline-171"><a href="#cite_ref-SanFranciscoFinancialDistrictDecline_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArroyo2022" class="citation news cs1">Arroyo, Noah (June 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2022/sfnext-downtown/">"Downtown S.F. on the brink: It's worse than it looks"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved September 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Downtown+S.F.+on+the+brink%3A+It%27s+worse+than+it+looks&rft.date=2022-06-10&rft.aulast=Arroyo&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fprojects%2F2022%2Fsfnext-downtown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.bea.gov-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.bea.gov_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.bea.gov_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gdp-county-metro-and-other-areas">"GDP by County, Metro, and Other Areas"</a>. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved January 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Bureau+of+Economic+Analysis&rft.atitle=GDP+by+County%2C+Metro%2C+and+Other+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bea.gov%2Fdata%2Fgdp%2Fgdp-county-metro-and-other-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanFranExodus2-173"><a href="#cite_ref-SanFranExodus2_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Downtown-San-Francisco-bill-economy-17383169.php">"Downtown San Francisco is dying. This bill could help save it"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Downtown+San+Francisco+is+dying.+This+bill+could+help+save+it&rft.date=2022-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Farticle%2FDowntown-San-Francisco-bill-economy-17383169.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanFranExodus4-174"><a href="#cite_ref-SanFranExodus4_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConor_DoughertyEmma_Goldberg2022" class="citation news cs1">Conor Dougherty; Emma Goldberg (December 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/17/business/economy/california-san-francisco-empty-downtown.html">"What Comes Next for the Most Empty Downtown in America - Tech workers are still at home. The $17 salad place is expanding into the suburbs. So what is left in San Francisco?"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217101225/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/17/business/economy/california-san-francisco-empty-downtown.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022. <q>On any given week in San Francisco, office buildings are at about 40 percent of their prepandemic occupancy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Comes+Next+for+the+Most+Empty+Downtown+in+America+-+Tech+workers+are+still+at+home.+The+%2417+salad+place+is+expanding+into+the+suburbs.+So+what+is+left+in+San+Francisco%3F&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft.au=Conor+Dougherty&rft.au=Emma+Goldberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fcalifornia-san-francisco-empty-downtown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinderHammond2023" class="citation news cs1">Kinder, Tabby; Hammond, George (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/71d8013d-9d94-441e-b2d1-3039c04397d6">"What if San Francisco never pulls out of its 'doom loop'?"</a>. Financial Times. Retrieved April 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=What+if+San+Francisco+never+pulls+out+of+its+%27doom+loop%27%3F&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft.aulast=Kinder&rft.aufirst=Tabby&rft.au=Hammond%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F71d8013d-9d94-441e-b2d1-3039c04397d6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiley2024" class="citation news cs1">Wiley, Hannah (January 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-01-16/doom-loop-spirit-of-optimism-returns-to-san-francisco-tech-industry">"All is lost in San Francisco? City loyalists take issue with naysayers. Data may back them up"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=All+is+lost+in+San+Francisco%3F+City+loyalists+take+issue+with+naysayers.+Data+may+back+them+up&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fcalifornia%2Fstory%2F2024-01-16%2Fdoom-loop-spirit-of-optimism-returns-to-san-francisco-tech-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OaklandDoomLoop-177"><a href="#cite_ref-OaklandDoomLoop_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_Waxmann2024" class="citation news cs1">Laura Waxmann (March 27, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/oakland-downtown-real-estate-18890891.php">"Oakland's downtown is struggling—and experts say the outlook could be worse than in SF"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 22, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Oakland%27s+downtown+is+struggling%26mdash%3Band+experts+say+the+outlook+could+be+worse+than+in+SF&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft.au=Laura+Waxmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Feastbay%2Farticle%2Foakland-downtown-real-estate-18890891.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SanFranDoomLoop3-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SanFranDoomLoop3_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SanFranDoomLoop3_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTessa_Mclean2022" class="citation web cs1">Tessa Mclean (November 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/sf-container-store-relocating-17622063.php">"The Container Store near Union Square plans to close"</a>. SFGATE. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved December 17, 2022. <q>The Union Square area of downtown has been struggling with an increase in crime in recent years, coupled with losing several big retailers since 2020, including Crate & Barrel, DSW and Gap.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGATE&rft.atitle=The+Container+Store+near+Union+Square+plans+to+close&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft.au=Tessa+Mclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2Fsf-container-store-relocating-17622063.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkCloserThanEvertoBayAreaTech-179"><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkCloserThanEvertoBayAreaTech_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCara_Eisenpress2023" class="citation web cs1">Cara Eisenpress (April 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech">"New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications" title="Crain Communications">Crain Communications</a>. Retrieved May 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+is+closer+than+ever+to+beating+the+Bay+Area+on+tech&rft.pub=Crain+Communications&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.au=Cara+Eisenpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Ftechnology%2Fnew-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManhattanNowBiggestTechHub-180"><a href="#cite_ref-ManhattanNowBiggestTechHub_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCara_Eisenpress2023" class="citation news cs1">Cara Eisenpress (May 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/manhattan-edges-out-san-francisco-new-early-stage-startups-first-time">"For the first time, Manhattan edges out San Francisco in new early-stage startups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications" title="Crain Communications">Crain Communications</a>. Retrieved October 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crain+Communications&rft.atitle=For+the+first+time%2C+Manhattan+edges+out+San+Francisco+in+new+early-stage+startups&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft.au=Cara+Eisenpress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Ftechnology%2Fmanhattan-edges-out-san-francisco-new-early-stage-startups-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/fortune500/2016/">"Fortune 500"</a>. Fortune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020024947/http://fortune.com/fortune500/2016/">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fortune+500&rft.pub=Fortune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2Ffortune500%2F2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowney2017" class="citation web cs1">Downey, Rosie (August 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/subscriber-only/2017/08/04/largest-bay-area-manufacturers.html">"Largest Bay Area manufacturers"</a>. Silicon Valley Business Journal. Retrieved October 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Silicon+Valley+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Largest+Bay+Area+manufacturers&rft.date=2017-08-04&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanjose%2Fsubscriber-only%2F2017%2F08%2F04%2Flargest-bay-area-manufacturers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-North_America_Container_Traffic_Rankings-183"><a href="#cite_ref-North_America_Container_Traffic_Rankings_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/NORTHAMERICANPORTCONTAINERTRAFFIC2009.pdf">"North American Container Traffic, 2009 Port Ranking"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717002017/http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/NORTHAMERICANPORTCONTAINERTRAFFIC2009.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+American+Container+Traffic%2C+2009+Port+Ranking&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faapa.files.cms-plus.com%2FStatistics%2FNORTHAMERICANPORTCONTAINERTRAFFIC2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKester,_Jennifer" class="citation magazine cs1">Kester, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestravelguide/2017/08/10/your-top-california-wine-tasting-itinerary-napa-and-sonoma/#4b75a142b8f3">"Your Top California Wine-Tasting Itinerary: Napa and Sonoma"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924191651/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestravelguide/2017/08/10/your-top-california-wine-tasting-itinerary-napa-and-sonoma/#4b75a142b8f3">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Your+Top+California+Wine-Tasting+Itinerary%3A+Napa+and+Sonoma&rft.au=Kester%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fforbestravelguide%2F2017%2F08%2F10%2Fyour-top-california-wine-tasting-itinerary-napa-and-sonoma%2F%234b75a142b8f3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2018" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Richard J. (2018). Pictures of a Gone City: Tech and the Dark Side of Prosperity in the San Francisco Bay Area. PM Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictures+of+a+Gone+City%3A+Tech+and+the+Dark+Side+of+Prosperity+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whittle-2015-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Whittle-2015_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittle2015" class="citation journal cs1">Whittle, Henry J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52p9f6gt">"Food insecurity, chronic illness, and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area: An example of structural violence in United States public policy"</a>. Journal of Social Science and Medicine. 143: 154–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2015.08.027">10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356827">26356827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+Science+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Food+insecurity%2C+chronic+illness%2C+and+gentrification+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+An+example+of+structural+violence+in+United+States+public+policy&rft.volume=143&rft.pages=154-61&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2015.08.027&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26356827&rft.aulast=Whittle&rft.aufirst=Henry+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F52p9f6gt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_Stacey_Heneage.2008" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Stacey Heneage. (2008). The politics of benevolence : homeless policy in San Francisco. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/892834981">892834981</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politics+of+benevolence+%3A+homeless+policy+in+San+Francisco&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F892834981&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Stacey+Heneage.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soursourian-2012-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soursourian-2012_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soursourian-2012_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoursourian2012" class="citation journal cs1">Soursourian, Matthew (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/Suburbanization-of-Poverty-in-the-Bay-Area1.pdf">"Suburbanization of Poverty in the Bay Area"</a> (PDF). Community Development Research Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026152559/https://www.frbsf.org/community-development/files/Suburbanization-of-Poverty-in-the-Bay-Area1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+Development+Research+Brief%2C+Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+San+Francisco&rft.atitle=Suburbanization+of+Poverty+in+the+Bay+Area&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Soursourian&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frbsf.org%2Fcommunity-development%2Ffiles%2FSuburbanization-of-Poverty-in-the-Bay-Area1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodeMaskovsky2001" class="citation book cs1">Goode, Judith; Maskovsky, Jeff. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newpovertystudie0000unse">The new poverty studies : the ethnography of power, politics and impoverished people in the United States</a>. New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814731154" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814731154"><bdi>978-0814731154</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469375780">469375780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+poverty+studies+%3A+the+ethnography+of+power%2C+politics+and+impoverished+people+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469375780&rft.isbn=978-0814731154&rft.aulast=Goode&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft.au=Maskovsky%2C+Jeff.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewpovertystudie0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeligmanLaraiaKushel2009" class="citation journal cs1">Seligman, Hilary K.; Laraia, Barbara A.; Kushel, Margot B. (December 23, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806885">"Food Insecurity Is Associated with Chronic Disease among Low-Income NHANES Participants"</a>. The Journal of Nutrition. 140 (2): 304–310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3945%2Fjn.109.112573">10.3945/jn.109.112573</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3166">0022-3166</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2806885">2806885</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20032485">20032485</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Food+Insecurity+Is+Associated+with+Chronic+Disease+among+Low-Income+NHANES+Participants&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=304-310&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2806885%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-3166&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20032485&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3945%2Fjn.109.112573&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Hilary+K.&rft.au=Laraia%2C+Barbara+A.&rft.au=Kushel%2C+Margot+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2806885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesmond2018" class="citation journal cs1">Desmond, Matthew (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-soc-060116-053411">"Poverty in America: New Directions and Debates"</a>. Annual Review of Sociology. 44: 305–318. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-soc-060116-053411">10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053411</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:149689610">149689610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Poverty+in+America%3A+New+Directions+and+Debates.&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=305-318&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-soc-060116-053411&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A149689610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1146%252Fannurev-soc-060116-053411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCMostExpensive-192"><a href="#cite_ref-NYCMostExpensive_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Frishberg2023" class="citation news cs1">Hannah Frishberg (March 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2023/03/01/nyc-remains-priciest-real-estate-market-in-world-report/amp/">"NYC remains the most expensive real estate market in world: Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>. Retrieved May 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=NYC+remains+the+most+expensive+real+estate+market+in+world%3A+Report&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.au=Hannah+Frishberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2023%2F03%2F01%2Fnyc-remains-priciest-real-estate-market-in-world-report%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seattle_vs._S.F._housing-193"><a href="#cite_ref-Seattle_vs._S.F._housing_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres2017" class="citation news cs1">Torres, Blanca (April 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/04/28/san-francisco-seattle-housing-production-pipelines.html">"Housing's tale of two cities: Seattle builds, S.F. lags"</a>. San Francisco Business Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502005754/https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2017/04/28/san-francisco-seattle-housing-production-pipelines.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2017. <q>So how can smaller Seattle make so much more housing happen than San Francisco? Developers active in both cities and officials who have worked in both point to structural differences that outweigh the demographic similarities. In San Francisco, development issues are routinely subject to consideration by neighborhood bodies, approval by the city planning commission and often ratification by its board of supervisors, with opportunities for decisions to be appealed. Seattle's approval process is much more streamlined...The city's planning commission is strictly a policy entity. It does not approve or reject projects. The city council weighs in on projects only in rare cases. [In S.F.]...he thinks that the California Environmental Quality Act, known as CEQA, makes it too easy for residents to sue projects, effectively holding them up for years or blocking them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Housing%27s+tale+of+two+cities%3A+Seattle+builds%2C+S.F.+lags&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Blanca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanfrancisco%2Fnews%2F2017%2F04%2F28%2Fsan-francisco-seattle-housing-production-pipelines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-homes_where_the_jobs_are-194"><a href="#cite_ref-homes_where_the_jobs_are_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Patrick (June 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-23/why-can-t-they-build-more-homes-where-the-jobs-are">"Why Can't They Build More Homes Where the Jobs Are?"</a>. Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828201133/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-23/why-can-t-they-build-more-homes-where-the-jobs-are">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017. <q>San Francisco's metropolitan area added 373,000 net new jobs in the last five years—but issued permits for only 58,000 units of new housing. The lack of new construction has exacerbated housing costs in the Bay Area, making the San Francisco metro among the cruelest markets in the U.S. Over the same period, Houston added 346,000 jobs and permitted 260,000 new dwellings, five times as many units per new job as San Francisco.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Can%27t+They+Build+More+Homes+Where+the+Jobs+Are%3F&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2017-06-23%2Fwhy-can-t-they-build-more-homes-where-the-jobs-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA_jobs_to_housing_units-195"><a href="#cite_ref-BA_jobs_to_housing_units_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2016" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Scott (October 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf.curbed.com/2016/10/12/12945854/bay-area-cities-jobs-housing-san-jose-palo-alto-sf">"We found which Bay Area cities aren't pulling their weight on housing"</a>. Vox Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161102192555/https://sf.curbed.com/2016/10/12/12945854/bay-area-cities-jobs-housing-san-jose-palo-alto-sf">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=We+found+which+Bay+Area+cities+aren%27t+pulling+their+weight+on+housing&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf.curbed.com%2F2016%2F10%2F12%2F12945854%2Fbay-area-cities-jobs-housing-san-jose-palo-alto-sf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12000000">Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey</a> (Report). United States Department of Labor - Bureau of Labor Statistics. November 4, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053321/https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12000000">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Labor+Force+Statistics+from+the+Current+Population+Survey&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Labor+-+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft.date=2017-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.bls.gov%2Ftimeseries%2FLNS12000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-US-Census-Housing_Units-197"><a href="#cite_ref-US-Census-Housing_Units_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213004713/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2016/PEPANNHU">Annual Estimates of Housing Units for the United States, Regions, Divisions, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016</a> (Report). United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2016/PEPANNHU">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved November 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+Housing+Units+for+the+United+States%2C+Regions%2C+Divisions%2C+States%2C+and+Counties%3A+April+1%2C+2010+to+July+1%2C+2016&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FPEP%2F2016%2FPEPANNHU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> Alamo, C., Uhler, B., & O'Malley, M. (2015). California's high housing costs : causes and consequences. Sacramento, CA : Legislative Analyst's Office, March 17, 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheinin,_Richard2017" class="citation news cs1">Scheinin, Richard (August 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/11/bay-area-real-estate-to-buy-a-median-priced-home-you-now-need-income-over-179000/">"Bay Area real estate: To buy a median priced home, you now need income over $179,000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185112/http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/08/11/bay-area-real-estate-to-buy-a-median-priced-home-you-now-need-income-over-179000/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Bay+Area+real+estate%3A+To+buy+a+median+priced+home%2C+you+now+need+income+over+%24179%2C000&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft.au=Scheinin%2C+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2017%2F08%2F11%2Fbay-area-real-estate-to-buy-a-median-priced-home-you-now-need-income-over-179000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/families-earning-117000-now-qualify-as-low-income-in-californias-bay-area/">"Families earning $117,000 now qualify as "low income" in California's Bay Area"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. June 26, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013901/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/families-earning-117000-now-qualify-as-low-income-in-californias-bay-area/">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Families+earning+%24117%2C000+now+qualify+as+%22low+income%22+in+California%27s+Bay+Area&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ffamilies-earning-117000-now-qualify-as-low-income-in-californias-bay-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bay_Area_Burden-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Burden_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bay_Area_Burden_201-1">b</a> Bay Area Burden. [Electronic Resource] : Examining the Costs and Impacts of Housing and Transportation on Bay Area Residents, Their Neighborhoods and the Environment. Washington, DC : Urban Land Institute, c2009., 2009. EBSCOhost </li> <li id="cite_note-Quigley-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quigley_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quigley_202-1">b</a> Quigley, J. M., Raphael, S., & Smolensky, E. (2001). Homelessness in California. San Francisco, Calif. : Public Policy Institute of California, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-Suzuki-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suzuki_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suzuki_203-1">b</a> Suzuki, L. (June 28, 2016). How Many People Live on Our Streets? San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from projects.sfchronicle.com/sf-homeless/numbers/. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougherty,_Connor_and_Andrew_Burton2017" class="citation news cs1">Dougherty, Connor and Andrew Burton (August 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/business/economy/san-francisco-commute.html?mcubz=1">"A 2:15 Alarm, 2 Trains and aBus Get Her to Work by 7 A.M."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185431/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/business/economy/san-francisco-commute.html?mcubz=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+2%3A15+Alarm%2C+2+Trains+and+aBus+Get+Her+to+Work+by+7+A.M.&rft.date=2017-08-17&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+Connor+and+Andrew+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F17%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fsan-francisco-commute.html%3Fmcubz%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBender,_Kristen2017" class="citation web cs1">Bender, Kristen (December 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktvu.com/news/flying-to-work-cheaper-than-living-in-the-bay-area-for-some">"Flying to work cheaper than living in the Bay Area for some"</a>. KTVU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226180137/http://www.ktvu.com/news/flying-to-work-cheaper-than-living-in-the-bay-area-for-some">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flying+to+work+cheaper+than+living+in+the+Bay+Area+for+some&rft.pub=KTVU&rft.date=2017-12-25&rft.au=Bender%2C+Kristen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktvu.com%2Fnews%2Fflying-to-work-cheaper-than-living-in-the-bay-area-for-some&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scu.edu/aboutscu/history/">"About SCU – History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019220138/https://www.scu.edu/aboutscu/history/">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+SCU+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=Santa+Clara+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scu.edu%2Faboutscu%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usfca.edu/about-usf/who-we-are/our-history">"USF – Our History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>. May 5, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235951/https://www.usfca.edu/about-usf/who-we-are/our-history">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USF+%E2%80%93+Our+History&rft.pub=University+of+San+Francisco&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usfca.edu%2Fabout-usf%2Fwho-we-are%2Four-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sjsu.edu/about_sjsu/history/timeline/1857/">"San José State University: About SJSU: 1857–1879"</a>. San José State University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628221722/http://www.sjsu.edu/about_sjsu/history/timeline/1857/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Jos%C3%A9+State+University%3A+About+SJSU%3A+1857%E2%80%931879&rft.pub=San+Jos%C3%A9+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjsu.edu%2Fabout_sjsu%2Fhistory%2Ftimeline%2F1857%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/05/31/us/education-in-metro-areas.html?mcubz=1">"Cities with the Most College-Educated Residents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924185249/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/05/31/us/education-in-metro-areas.html?mcubz=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cities+with+the+Most+College-Educated+Residents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2012%2F05%2F31%2Fus%2Feducation-in-metro-areas.html%3Fmcubz%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/national-universities">"Best National University Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. September 18, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+National+University+Rankings&rft.date=2023-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Frankings%2Fnational-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessenides2023" class="citation news cs1">Kessenides, Dimitra (September 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/business-schools/">"These Are the Best Business Schools in the World"</a>. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved February 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=These+Are+the+Best+Business+Schools+in+the+World&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft.aulast=Kessenides&rft.aufirst=Dimitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fbusiness-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/regional-universities">"Best Regional Universities Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. September 18, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Regional+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2023-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Frankings%2Fregional-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421213522/http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/primary-care-rankings">"America's Best Graduate Schools: Best Medical Schools"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/primary-care-rankings">the original</a> on April 21, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=America%27s+Best+Graduate+Schools%3A+Best+Medical+Schools&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com%2Fbest-graduate-schools%2Ftop-medical-schools%2Fprimary-care-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/ca/ucsf-medical-center-6930043">"UCSF Medical Center in San Francisco"</a>. U.S. News & World Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718084248/http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/ca/ucsf-medical-center-6930043">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=UCSF+Medical+Center+in+San+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth.usnews.com%2Fbest-hospitals%2Farea%2Fca%2Fucsf-medical-center-6930043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uchastings.edu/?pid=37">"Hastings Quick Facts"</a>. University of California, Hastings College of the Law. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902040700/http://www.uchastings.edu/?pid=37">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved August 30, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hastings+Quick+Facts&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Hastings+College+of+the+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uchastings.edu%2F%3Fpid%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sfsu-216"><a href="#cite_ref-sfsu_216-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903202226/http://www.sfsu.edu/future/visit/facts.html">"SF State Fast Facts"</a>. SFSU. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfsu.edu/future/visit/facts.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SF+State+Fast+Facts&rft.pub=SFSU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfsu.edu%2Ffuture%2Fvisit%2Ffacts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/pf/college/community-colleges/">"How does your community college stack up?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911170717/http://money.cnn.com/pf/college/community-colleges/">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+does+your+community+college+stack+up%3F&rft.pub=CNNMoney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fpf%2Fcollege%2Fcommunity-colleges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-publiceducation-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-publiceducation_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-publiceducation_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus2007" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/govs/cog/isd_book.pdf">Individual State Descriptions: 2007</a> (PDF), 2007 Census of Governments, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, November 2012, pp. 25–26, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123173109/http://www2.census.gov/govs/cog/isd_book.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 23, 2015, retrieved September 24, 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Individual+State+Descriptions%3A+2007&rft.series=2007+Census+of+Governments&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgovs%2Fcog%2Fisd_book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccsa.org/understanding/what-are-charter-schools.html">"What Are Charter Schools?"</a>. California Charter Schools Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060735/http://www.ccsa.org/understanding/what-are-charter-schools.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Are+Charter+Schools%3F&rft.pub=California+Charter+Schools+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccsa.org%2Funderstanding%2Fwhat-are-charter-schools.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/search?state-urlname=california">"California High Schools"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924184834/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/search?state-urlname=california">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=California+High+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-high-schools%2Fsearch%3Fstate-urlname%3Dcalifornia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/what-mtc/partner-agencies/california-department-transportation">"California Department of Transportation"</a>. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925040407/https://mtc.ca.gov/about-mtc/what-mtc/partner-agencies/california-department-transportation">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Department+of+Transportation&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmtc.ca.gov%2Fabout-mtc%2Fwhat-mtc%2Fpartner-agencies%2Fcalifornia-department-transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-seamlesstransit-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seamlesstransit_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seamlesstransit_222-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seamlesstransit_222-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmin,_Ratna_and_Sara_Barz2015" class="citation web cs1">Amin, Ratna and Sara Barz (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spur.org/sites/default/files/publications_pdfs/SPUR_Seamless_Transit.pdf">"Seamless Transit"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Planning_and_Urban_Research_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association">SPUR</a>. pp. 4–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516100848/http://www.spur.org/sites/default/files/publications_pdfs/SPUR_Seamless_Transit.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 16, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seamless+Transit&rft.pages=4-9&rft.pub=SPUR&rft.date=2015-04&rft.au=Amin%2C+Ratna+and+Sara+Barz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spur.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications_pdfs%2FSPUR_Seamless_Transit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed,_Ted2017" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Ted (June 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestreet.com/story/14173660/1/all-three-bay-area-airports-grow-as-united-expands-frisco-hub-and-oakland-gets-two-spain-flights.html">"All Three Bay Area Airports Grow as United Expands Frisco Hub and Oakland Gets Two Spain Flights"</a>. TheStreet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035345/https://www.thestreet.com/story/14173660/1/all-three-bay-area-airports-grow-as-united-expands-frisco-hub-and-oakland-gets-two-spain-flights.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Three+Bay+Area+Airports+Grow+as+United+Expands+Frisco+Hub+and+Oakland+Gets+Two+Spain+Flights&rft.pub=TheStreet&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.au=Reed%2C+Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestreet.com%2Fstory%2F14173660%2F1%2Fall-three-bay-area-airports-grow-as-united-expands-frisco-hub-and-oakland-gets-two-spain-flights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baytrail.org/about-the-trail/">"About the Trail"</a>. San Francisco Bay Trail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922023314/http://baytrail.org/about-the-trail/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Trail&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Bay+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaytrail.org%2Fabout-the-trail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabanatuan,_Michael2017" class="citation news cs1">Cabanatuan, Michael (February 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-traffic-ranks-as-4th-worst-in-world-10960858.php">"SF traffic ranks as 4th worst in world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912221233/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SF-traffic-ranks-as-4th-worst-in-world-10960858.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=SF+traffic+ranks+as+4th+worst+in+world&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.au=Cabanatuan%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FSF-traffic-ranks-as-4th-worst-in-world-10960858.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins,_Martin2012" class="citation web cs1">Atkins, Martin (September 9, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urbanscars.com/san-francisco-freeway-revolt/">"San Francisco's Freeway Revolt"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209021952/http://urbanscars.com/san-francisco-freeway-revolt/">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Francisco%27s+Freeway+Revolt&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft.au=Atkins%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furbanscars.com%2Fsan-francisco-freeway-revolt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010138/https://savingplaces.org/places/sf-embarcadero">"11 Most Endangered: San Francisco Embarcadero | National Trust for Historic Preservation"</a>. savingplaces.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://savingplaces.org/places/sf-embarcadero">the original</a> on July 9, 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=savingplaces.org&rft.atitle=11+Most+Endangered%3A+San+Francisco+Embarcadero+%7C+National+Trust+for+Historic+Preservation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsavingplaces.org%2Fplaces%2Fsf-embarcadero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-catg-228"><a href="#cite_ref-catg_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1">California Road Atlas (Map). Thomas Brothers. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+Road+Atlas&rft.pub=Thomas+Brothers&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amtrakcalifornia.com/about/">"About Amtrak California"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709011102/http://amtrakcalifornia.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Amtrak+California&rft.pub=Amtrak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famtrakcalifornia.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerplan,_Egon2013" class="citation web cs1">Terplan, Egon (February 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spur.org/sites/default/files/publications_pdfs/Strengthening_Regional_Governance.pdf">"Strengthening the Bay Area's regional governance"</a> (PDF). SPUR. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924233040/https://www.spur.org/sites/default/files/publications_pdfs/Strengthening_Regional_Governance.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strengthening+the+Bay+Area%27s+regional+governance&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=SPUR&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.au=Terplan%2C+Egon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spur.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications_pdfs%2FStrengthening_Regional_Governance.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=GOV&division=&title=4.&part=&chapter=&article=">"Codes: Code Search"</a>. California Legislative Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709105304/http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=GOV&division=&title=4.&part=&chapter=&article=">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=California+Legislative+Information&rft.atitle=Codes%3A+Code+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleginfo.legislature.ca.gov%2Ffaces%2Fcodes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml%3FtocCode%3DGOV%26division%3D%26title%3D4.%26part%3D%26chapter%3D%26article%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldassare1998" class="citation book cs1">Baldassare, Mark (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sDs4WZV0SRsC&pg=PA67">When Government Fails: The Orange County Bankruptcy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Policy_Institute_of_California" title="Public Policy Institute of California">Public Policy Institute of California</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 67–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21486-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-21486-6"><bdi>978-0-520-21486-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/97032806">97032806</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524225500/https://books.google.com/books?id=sDs4WZV0SRsC&pg=PA67">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Government+Fails%3A+The+Orange+County+Bankruptcy&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=Public+Policy+Institute+of+California%2FUniversity+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F97032806&rft.isbn=978-0-520-21486-6&rft.aulast=Baldassare&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsDs4WZV0SRsC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaniskeeMasugi2011" class="citation book cs1">Janiskee, Brian P.; Masugi, Ken (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=23Y3Nxs0qWgC&pg=PA105">Democracy in California: Politics and Government in the Golden State</a> (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0338-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0338-9"><bdi>978-1-4422-0338-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011007585">2011007585</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524225710/https://books.google.com/books?id=23Y3Nxs0qWgC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+California%3A+Politics+and+Government+in+the+Golden+State&rft.pages=105&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011007585&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0338-9&rft.aulast=Janiskee&rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&rft.au=Masugi%2C+Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D23Y3Nxs0qWgC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bart.gov/about/history">"A History of BART: The Concept is Born"</a>. Bay Area Rapid Transit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915043914/http://www.bart.gov/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+BART%3A+The+Concept+is+Born&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Rapid+Transit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bart.gov%2Fabout%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarabak,_Mark_Z.2017" class="citation news cs1">Barabak, Mark Z. (March 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-california-supporters-2017-story.html">"How Trump supporters survive in blue California: 'You kind of keep your head down'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915091556/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-california-supporters-2017-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=How+Trump+supporters+survive+in+blue+California%3A+%27You+kind+of+keep+your+head+down%27&rft.date=2017-03-31&rft.au=Barabak%2C+Mark+Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-trump-california-supporters-2017-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller,_Thomas2017" class="citation news cs1">Fuller, Thomas (July 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/02/us/california-far-north-identity-conservative.html?mcubz=1">"California's Far North Deplores 'Tyranny' of the Urban Majority"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231145/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/02/us/california-far-north-identity-conservative.html?mcubz=1">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=California%27s+Far+North+Deplores+%27Tyranny%27+of+the+Urban+Majority&rft.date=2017-07-02&rft.au=Fuller%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F02%2Fus%2Fcalifornia-far-north-identity-conservative.html%3Fmcubz%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PPIC-237">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PPIC_237-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PPIC_237-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGhee,_Eric_and_Daniel_Krimm2012" class="citation web cs1">McGhee, Eric and Daniel Krimm (February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-political-geography/">"California's Political Geography"</a>. Public Policy Institute of California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924005309/http://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-political-geography/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California%27s+Political+Geography&rft.pub=Public+Policy+Institute+of+California&rft.date=2012-02&rft.au=McGhee%2C+Eric+and+Daniel+Krimm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ppic.org%2Fpublication%2Fcalifornias-political-geography%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf">"Report of Registration"</a> (PDF). California Secretary of State. February 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323230212/https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+Registration&rft.pub=California+Secretary+of+State&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felections.cdn.sos.ca.gov%2Fror%2Fror-odd-year-2019%2Fpoliticalsub.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cookpolitical.com/pvi-map-and-district-list">"PVI Map and District List"</a>. The Cook Political Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200904082835/https://cookpolitical.com/pvi-map-and-district-list">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PVI+Map+and+District+List&rft.pub=The+Cook+Political+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcookpolitical.com%2Fpvi-map-and-district-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-US-CB-B02001-240"><a href="#cite_ref-US-CB-B02001_240-0">^</a> U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">U.S. Census website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/http://www.census.gov/">Archived</a> December 27, 1996, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved October 26, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-CA-SS-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CA-SS_241-10">k</a> California Secretary of State. Report of Registration as of August 30, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/report-registration/15day-recall-2021">Report of Registration - August 30, 2021</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/">"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Election Results"</a>. Dave Leip's Atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709214827/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Election+Results&rft.pub=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-threedirtywords-243"><a href="#cite_ref-threedirtywords_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarofoli2006" class="citation news cs1">Garofoli, Joe (November 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/11/03/MNGCEM5H4N1.DTL">"Three Dirty Words: San Francisco Values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622125641/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F11%2F03%2FMNGCEM5H4N1.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Three+Dirty+Words%3A+San+Francisco+Values&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft.aulast=Garofoli&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ffile%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F11%2F03%2FMNGCEM5H4N1.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright,_Thomas1985" class="citation book cs1">Albright, Thomas (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945–1980: An Illustrated History</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 15–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520051935" title="Special:BookSources/9780520051935"><bdi>9780520051935</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331000242/https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%2C+1945%E2%80%931980%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=15-17&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520051935&rft.au=Albright%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGN3vXcZl74C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright,_Thomas1985" class="citation book cs1">Albright, Thomas (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945–1980: An Illustrated History</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520051935" title="Special:BookSources/9780520051935"><bdi>9780520051935</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331000242/https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%2C+1945%E2%80%931980%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520051935&rft.au=Albright%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGN3vXcZl74C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbright,_Thomas1985" class="citation book cs1">Albright, Thomas (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945–1980: An Illustrated History</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520051935" title="Special:BookSources/9780520051935"><bdi>9780520051935</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331000242/https://books.google.com/books?id=aGN3vXcZl74C">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%2C+1945%E2%80%931980%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780520051935&rft.au=Albright%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGN3vXcZl74C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> Michael Davidson. The San Francisco Renaissance: Poetics and Community at Mid-Century. Cambridge University Press </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumca.org/exhibit/pixar-25-years-animation">"PIXAR: 25 Years of Animation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Museum_of_California" title="Oakland Museum of California">Oakland Museum of California</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924043810/http://museumca.org/exhibit/pixar-25-years-animation">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PIXAR%3A+25+Years+of+Animation&rft.pub=Oakland+Museum+of+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumca.org%2Fexhibit%2Fpixar-25-years-animation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorthian,_Julia2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Zorthian, Julia (November 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4118006/20-years-toy-story-pixar/">"How Toy Story Changed Movie History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TIME_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME Magazine">TIME Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918133537/http://time.com/4118006/20-years-toy-story-pixar/">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Toy+Story+Changed+Movie+History&rft.date=2015-11-19&rft.au=Zorthian%2C+Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4118006%2F20-years-toy-story-pixar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench,_Alex_and_Howie_Khan2015" class="citation magazine cs1">French, Alex and Howie Khan (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/05/inside-ilm/">"The Untold Story of ILM, a Titan That Forever Changed Film"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729094725/https://www.wired.com/2015/05/inside-ilm/">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+Untold+Story+of+ILM%2C+a+Titan+That+Forever+Changed+Film&rft.date=2015-06&rft.au=French%2C+Alex+and+Howie+Khan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2015%2F05%2Finside-ilm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summeroflove-251">^ <a href="#cite_ref-summeroflove_251-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-summeroflove_251-1">b</a> T. Gitlin, <a href="/wiki/The_Sixties:_Years_of_Hope,_Days_of_Rage" title="The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage">The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage</a>, (New York, 1993), p.215–217 </li> <li id="cite_note-chroniclehistory-252">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chroniclehistory_252-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chroniclehistory_252-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelvin,_Joel2009" class="citation news cs1">Selvin, Joel (January 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/The-Chronicle-s-Bay-Area-musical-history-tour-3174389.php">"The Chronicle's Bay Area musical history tour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230411/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/The-Chronicle-s-Bay-Area-musical-history-tour-3174389.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Chronicle%27s+Bay+Area+musical+history+tour&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft.au=Selvin%2C+Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbayarea%2Farticle%2FThe-Chronicle-s-Bay-Area-musical-history-tour-3174389.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrow,_Korey2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Grow, Korey (November 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/john-fogerty-addresses-fortunate-son-concert-for-valor-controversy-20141113">"John Fogerty Addresses 'Fortunate Son' Concert for Valor Controversy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921231539/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/john-fogerty-addresses-fortunate-son-concert-for-valor-controversy-20141113">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=John+Fogerty+Addresses+%27Fortunate+Son%27+Concert+for+Valor+Controversy&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft.au=Grow%2C+Korey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fjohn-fogerty-addresses-fortunate-son-concert-for-valor-controversy-20141113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockhall.com/inductees/santana/">"Santana"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713195956/https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/santana">Archived</a> July 13, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Retrieved April 16, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalluci,_Michael2016" class="citation web cs1">Galluci, Michael (April 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ultimateclassicrock.com/carlos-santana-journey-steve-perry/">"Carlos Santana Wants Journey to Get Back Together With Steve Perry"</a>. Ultimate Classic Rock. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018040822/http://ultimateclassicrock.com/carlos-santana-journey-steve-perry/">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlos+Santana+Wants+Journey+to+Get+Back+Together+With+Steve+Perry&rft.pub=Ultimate+Classic+Rock&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft.au=Galluci%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fultimateclassicrock.com%2Fcarlos-santana-journey-steve-perry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bayarea-256"><a href="#cite_ref-bayarea_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Chris (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002172725/http://www.sanfranmag.com/story/rehab-of-a-strung-out-musical-scene">"Rehab of a strung-out musical scene"</a>. San Francisco Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanfranmag.com/story/rehab-of-a-strung-out-musical-scene">the original</a> on October 2, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rehab+of+a+strung-out+musical+scene&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Magazine&rft.date=2011-07&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanfranmag.com%2Fstory%2Frehab-of-a-strung-out-musical-scene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Chris (July 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ca-smith.net/blog/2011/07/our-avant-garde-metal-scene/">"Our avant-garde metal scene"</a>. ca-smith.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116021353/http://www.ca-smith.net/blog/2011/07/our-avant-garde-metal-scene/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+avant-garde+metal+scene&rft.pub=ca-smith.net&rft.date=2011-07-06&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca-smith.net%2Fblog%2F2011%2F07%2Four-avant-garde-metal-scene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blabbermouth.net/news/ex-megadeth-bassist-david-ellefson-says-exodus-would-have-to-be-included-in-expanded-big-four">"Ex-MEGADETH Bassist DAVID ELLEFSON Says EXODUS Would Have To Be Included In Expanded 'Big Four'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blabbermouth.net" title="Blabbermouth.net">Blabbermouth.net</a>. August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blabbermouth.net&rft.atitle=Ex-MEGADETH+Bassist+DAVID+ELLEFSON+Says+EXODUS+Would+Have+To+Be+Included+In+Expanded+%27Big+Four%27&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblabbermouth.net%2Fnews%2Fex-megadeth-bassist-david-ellefson-says-exodus-would-have-to-be-included-in-expanded-big-four&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre2022" class="citation web cs1">McIntyre, Ken (September 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loudersound.com/features/bonded-by-blood-the-birth-of-the-bay-area-thrash-scene">"Bonded by blood: the birth of the Bay Area Thrash scene"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metal_Hammer" title="Metal Hammer">Loudersound.com</a>. Retrieved June 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loudersound.com&rft.atitle=Bonded+by+blood%3A+the+birth+of+the+Bay+Area+Thrash+scene&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loudersound.com%2Ffeatures%2Fbonded-by-blood-the-birth-of-the-bay-area-thrash-scene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition-259"><a href="#cite_ref-definition_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2006" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Hattie (October 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1926601,00.html">"Ghostridin' the whip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411221726/http://arts.guardian.co.uk/features/story/0,,1926601,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ghostridin%27+the+whip&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Hattie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farts.guardian.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1926601%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lilb-260"><a href="#cite_ref-lilb_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLang,_Cady2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Lang, Cady (October 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4984913/lil-b-the-based-god-nba-2017-interview/">"Lil B the Based God Talks NBA Curses and Hopes, 2017 Season"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023143423/http://time.com/4984913/lil-b-the-based-god-nba-2017-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Lil+B+the+Based+God+Talks+NBA+Curses+and+Hopes%2C+2017+Season&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft.au=Lang%2C+Cady&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4984913%2Flil-b-the-based-god-nba-2017-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oakrap-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oakrap_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oakrap_261-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks,_John2011" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, John (November 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/11/14/interview-oakland-locals-eric-arnold-on-the-oakland-rap-scene/">"Interview: Oakland Hip Hop History and the Current Scene"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230745/https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/11/14/interview-oakland-locals-eric-arnold-on-the-oakland-rap-scene/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Oakland+Hip+Hop+History+and+the+Current+Scene&rft.pub=KQED&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft.au=Brooks%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F2011%2F11%2F14%2Finterview-oakland-locals-eric-arnold-on-the-oakland-rap-scene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfcv.org/events-calendar/organization-profiles?field_organization_type_value=orchestras">"Bay Area Music Groups"</a>. San Francisco Classical Voice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035129/https://www.sfcv.org/events-calendar/organization-profiles?field_organization_type_value=orchestras">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bay+Area+Music+Groups&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Classical+Voice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfcv.org%2Fevents-calendar%2Forganization-profiles%3Ffield_organization_type_value%3Dorchestras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoakley,_Jacob2014" class="citation web cs1">Coakley, Jacob (September 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stage-directions.com/6405-theatre-bay-area-announces-finalists-for-inaugural-awards.html">"Theatre Bay Area Announces Finalists for Inaugural Awards"</a>. Stage Directions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924225021/http://stage-directions.com/6405-theatre-bay-area-announces-finalists-for-inaugural-awards.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theatre+Bay+Area+Announces+Finalists+for+Inaugural+Awards&rft.pub=Stage+Directions&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft.au=Coakley%2C+Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstage-directions.com%2F6405-theatre-bay-area-announces-finalists-for-inaugural-awards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/theatrebayarea.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Press_Room/TBA_Fact_Sheet_UPDATED_FINAL.pdf">"Fact Sheet: About Theatre Bay Area"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Bay_Area" title="Theatre Bay Area">Theatre Bay Area</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819070721/https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/theatrebayarea.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Press_Room/TBA_Fact_Sheet_UPDATED_FINAL.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+About+Theatre+Bay+Area&rft.pub=Theatre+Bay+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc.ymcdn.com%2Fsites%2Ftheatrebayarea.site-ym.com%2Fresource%2Fresmgr%2FPress_Room%2FTBA_Fact_Sheet_UPDATED_FINAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americantheatrecritics.org/tony-award/">"The Special Tony® Award for Regional Theatre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Theatre_Critics_Association" title="American Theatre Critics Association">American Theatre Critics Association</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015124050/http://americantheatrecritics.org/tony-award/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Special+Tony%C2%AE+Award+for+Regional+Theatre&rft.pub=American+Theatre+Critics+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famericantheatrecritics.org%2Ftony-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mv-voice.com/news/2019/04/28/theatreworks-to-receive-tony-award">"Theaterworks to Receive Tony Award"</a>. Mountain View Voice. April 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190707064633/https://mv-voice.com/news/2019/04/28/theatreworks-to-receive-tony-award">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theaterworks+to+Receive+Tony+Award&rft.pub=Mountain+View+Voice&rft.date=2019-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmv-voice.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2F28%2Ftheatreworks-to-receive-tony-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFields,_Regina2016" class="citation web cs1">Fields, Regina (July 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebolditalic.com/heres-why-the-bay-area-theater-scene-is-amazing-right-now-34935fc03255">"Here's Why the Bay Area Theater Scene Is Amazing"</a>. The Bold Italic. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%27s+Why+the+Bay+Area+Theater+Scene+Is+Amazing&rft.pub=The+Bold+Italic&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft.au=Fields%2C+Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebolditalic.com%2Fheres-why-the-bay-area-theater-scene-is-amazing-right-now-34935fc03255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Souza,_Karen2017" class="citation news cs1">D'Souza, Karen (June 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/09/30/ten-bay-area-stage-actors-we-love/">"Ten Bay Area stage actors we love"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230209/http://www.mercurynews.com/2013/09/30/ten-bay-area-stage-actors-we-love/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Ten+Bay+Area+stage+actors+we+love&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.au=D%27Souza%2C+Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2013%2F09%2F30%2Ften-bay-area-stage-actors-we-love%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.act-sf.org/home/conservatory/young_conservatory.html">"ACT's Young Conservatory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Conservatory_Theater" title="American Conservatory Theater">American Conservatory Theater</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913143042/http://www.act-sf.org/home/conservatory/young_conservatory.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACT%27s+Young+Conservatory&rft.pub=American+Conservatory+Theater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.act-sf.org%2Fhome%2Fconservatory%2Fyoung_conservatory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayareakidfun.com/theater-lessons-in-the-bay-area/">"Theatre Lessons in the Bay Area"</a>. Bay Area Kid's Fun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924225052/http://www.bayareakidfun.com/theater-lessons-in-the-bay-area/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theatre+Lessons+in+the+Bay+Area&rft.pub=Bay+Area+Kid%27s+Fun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayareakidfun.com%2Ftheater-lessons-in-the-bay-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://methodshop.com/nielsen-dma-rankings-full-list/">"Top 200 Nielsen DMA Rankings (2024) – Full List"</a>. January 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+200+Nielsen+DMA+Rankings+%282024%29+%E2%80%93+Full+List&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmethodshop.com%2Fnielsen-dma-rankings-full-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp">"Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Spring 2008"</a>. Arbitron. April 16, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710153242/http://www.arbitron.com/Radio_Stations/mm001050.asp">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arbitron+Radio+Market+Rankings%3A+Spring+2008&rft.pub=Arbitron&rft.date=2008-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbitron.com%2Fradio_stations%2Fmm001050.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreb,_Gordon_and_Mike_Adams2003" class="citation book cs1">Greb, Gordon and Mike Adams (August 15, 2003). Charles Herrold, Inventor of Radio Broadcasting. McFarland & Company. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Herrold%2C+Inventor+of+Radio+Broadcasting&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.au=Greb%2C+Gordon+and+Mike+Adams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kalw.org/about-kalw#stream/0">"About KALW"</a>. KALW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035208/http://kalw.org/about-kalw#stream/0">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+KALW&rft.pub=KALW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkalw.org%2Fabout-kalw%23stream%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/187344">"KPIX Retrospective: 1948-5"</a>. San Francisco State University. 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924230548/https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/187344">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KPIX+Retrospective%3A+1948-5&rft.pub=San+Francisco+State+University&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiva.sfsu.edu%2Fcollections%2Fsfbatv%2Fbundles%2F187344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2011" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, Robin J (February 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414120012/http://businessjournalism.org/2011/02/28/bloomberg-launches-west-coast-show-from-san-francisco/">"Bloomberg launches West Coast show from San Francisco"</a>. Reynolds Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://businessjournalism.org/2011/02/28/bloomberg-launches-west-coast-show-from-san-francisco/">the original</a> on April 14, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reynolds+Center&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+launches+West+Coast+show+from+San+Francisco&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Robin+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusinessjournalism.org%2F2011%2F02%2F28%2Fbloomberg-launches-west-coast-show-from-san-francisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050423215537/http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf">"Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers – Winter 2004 Arbitron"</a> (PDF). Radio Research Consortium. Arbitron Media Research. June 17, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 23, 2005. Retrieved June 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Research+Consortium&rft.atitle=Top+30+Public+Radio+Subscribers+%E2%80%93+Winter+2004+Arbitron&rft.date=2004-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacifica.org%2Fdocuments%2Fpdf%2FArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpoo.com/about">"About Us"</a>. KPOO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910113046/http://www.kpoo.com/about">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=KPOO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpoo.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813073544/http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm">"Top 200 Newspapers by Largest Reported Circulation"</a>. Audit Bureau of Circulations. March 31, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm">the original</a> on August 13, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+200+Newspapers+by+Largest+Reported+Circulation&rft.pub=Audit+Bureau+of+Circulations&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accessabc.com%2Fproducts%2Ftop200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2000" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Scott (March 21, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627064603/http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html">"The San Francisco Examiner, 1887–2000"</a>. Salon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html">the original</a> on June 27, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=The+San+Francisco+Examiner%2C+1887%E2%80%932000&rft.date=2000-03-21&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.salon.com%2Fmedia%2Ffeature%2F2000%2F03%2F21%2Fexaminer%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolte2000" class="citation news cs1">Nolte, Carl (November 22, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/22/MN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498">"Examiner Staff Ends an Era With Tears, Newsroom Tales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. p. A-1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624155741/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2000%2F11%2F22%2FMN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Examiner+Staff+Ends+an+Era+With+Tears%2C+Newsroom+Tales&rft.pages=A-1&rft.date=2000-11-22&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2000%2F11%2F22%2FMN121380.DTL%26hw%3Dsan%2Bfrancisco%2Bexaminer%26sn%3D005%26sc%3D498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild,_Adam2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Hochschild, Adam (May–June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/05/first-25-years/">"The First 25 Years"</a>. Mother Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915092712/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2001/05/first-25-years/">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=The+First+25+Years&rft.date=2001-05%2F2001-06&rft.au=Hochschild%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2001%2F05%2Ffirst-25-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHua2004" class="citation news cs1">Hua, Vanessa (August 3, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/03/BAGI781MM91.DTL">"Newspaper war in the Bay Area: Ming Pao becomes 6th Chinese-language daily"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. p. B-1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624155806/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F03%2FBAGI781MM91.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Newspaper+war+in+the+Bay+Area%3A+Ming+Pao+becomes+6th+Chinese-language+daily&rft.pages=B-1&rft.date=2004-08-03&rft.aulast=Hua&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F03%2FBAGI781MM91.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNone2001" class="citation news cs1">None (January 11, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/the-peninsula-s-only-homegrown-spanish-language-newspaper-is-finding/article_a2dae28c-fcb5-50ec-bfab-8d006a687fb0.htm">"The Peninsula's only homegrown Spanish-language newspaper is finding its place in the world"</a>. Monterey County Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122025243/http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/the-peninsula-s-only-homegrown-spanish-language-newspaper-is-finding/article_a2dae28c-fcb5-50ec-bfab-8d006a687fb0.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monterey+County+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Peninsula%27s+only+homegrown+Spanish-language+newspaper+is+finding+its+place+in+the+world.&rft.date=2001-01-11&rft.au=None&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.montereycountyweekly.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fthe-peninsula-s-only-homegrown-spanish-language-newspaper-is-finding%2Farticle_a2dae28c-fcb5-50ec-bfab-8d006a687fb0.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHickey2020" class="citation news cs1">Hickey, John (August 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/mlb/athletics/news/athletics-giants-part-of-upswelling-of-pro-sports-teams-backing-prop-209">"Athletics, Giants Part of Upswelling of Pro Sports Teams Backing Prop 16"</a>. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Athletics%2C+Giants+Part+of+Upswelling+of+Pro+Sports+Teams+Backing+Prop+16&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fmlb%2Fathletics%2Fnews%2Fathletics-giants-part-of-upswelling-of-pro-sports-teams-backing-prop-209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicle-NWSL-286">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle-NWSL_286-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle-NWSL_286-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngemi2024" class="citation news cs1">Ingemi, Marisa (October 30, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/bay-fc-went-expansion-growing-pains-nwsl-19865286.php">"How Bay FC went from expansion growing pains to NWSL postseason contender"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=How+Bay+FC+went+from+expansion+growing+pains+to+NWSL+postseason+contender&rft.date=2024-10-30&rft.aulast=Ingemi&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fsports%2Farticle%2Fbay-fc-went-expansion-growing-pains-nwsl-19865286.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnba.com/news/gs-valkyries-2025-identity">"Golden State Valkyries Unveil Brand Identity"</a> (Press release). WNBA. May 14, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+State+Valkyries+Unveil+Brand+Identity&rft.pub=WNBA&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnba.com%2Fnews%2Fgs-valkyries-2025-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronice-Levis-288">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronice-Levis_288-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronice-Levis_288-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngemiHernández2022" class="citation news cs1">Ingemi, Marisa; Hernández, Lauren (June 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/Bay-Area-selected-as-one-of-the-host-sites-for-17247181.php">"Bay Area selected as one of the host sites for 2026 World Cup"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Bay+Area+selected+as+one+of+the+host+sites+for+2026+World+Cup&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft.aulast=Ingemi&rft.aufirst=Marisa&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fsports%2Farticle%2FBay-Area-selected-as-one-of-the-host-sites-for-17247181.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESPN-SuperBowl-289">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN-SuperBowl_289-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESPN-SuperBowl_289-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nfl/superbowl/history/winners">"NFL History – Super Bowl Winners"</a>. ESPN. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NFL+History+%E2%80%93+Super+Bowl+Winners&rft.pub=ESPN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnfl%2Fsuperbowl%2Fhistory%2Fwinners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-Oakland-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-Oakland_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-Oakland_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirshner2023" class="citation news cs1">Kirshner, Alex (November 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/nov/24/oakland-sports-teams-east-bay-athletics-raiders-warriors">"Oakland's unprecedented triple exodus is a unique sporting tragedy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Oakland%27s+unprecedented+triple+exodus+is+a+unique+sporting+tragedy&rft.date=2023-11-24&rft.aulast=Kirshner&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2023%2Fnov%2F24%2Foakland-sports-teams-east-bay-athletics-raiders-warriors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027041928/http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/sf/ballpark/index.jsp">"AT&T Park"</a>. Sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com. June 19, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com/sf/ballpark/index.jsp">the original</a> on October 27, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AT%26T+Park&rft.pub=Sanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com&rft.date=2012-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanfrancisco.giants.mlb.com%2Fsf%2Fballpark%2Findex.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldseries-292">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldseries_292-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldseries_292-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaal,_Eric2016" class="citation web cs1">Schaal, Eric (November 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheatsheet.com/sports/5-mlb-teams-world-series-titles.html/?a=viewall">"5 MLB Teams With the Most World Series Titles"</a>. Sports Cheat Sheet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924233021/https://www.cheatsheet.com/sports/5-mlb-teams-world-series-titles.html/?a=viewall">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=5+MLB+Teams+With+the+Most+World+Series+Titles&rft.pub=Sports+Cheat+Sheet&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft.au=Schaal%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheatsheet.com%2Fsports%2F5-mlb-teams-world-series-titles.html%2F%3Fa%3Dviewall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutcoliseum-293"><a href="#cite_ref-aboutcoliseum_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coliseum.com/about-us/history">"Oracle Arena and Oakland Coliseum About Us"</a>. Coliseum.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914224911/http://www.coliseum.com/about-us/history">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oracle+Arena+and+Oakland+Coliseum+About+Us&rft.pub=Coliseum.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coliseum.com%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkers2024" class="citation news cs1">Akers, Mick (September 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/athletics/las-vegas-as-what-we-know-about-sin-city-plans-as-oakland-tenure-ends-3177672/">"Las Vegas A's: What we know about Sin City plans as Oakland tenure ends"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Review-Journal" title="Las Vegas Review-Journal">Las Vegas Review-Journal</a>. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Review-Journal&rft.atitle=Las+Vegas+A%27s%3A+What+we+know+about+Sin+City+plans+as+Oakland+tenure+ends&rft.date=2024-09-26&rft.aulast=Akers&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewjournal.com%2Fsports%2Fathletics%2Flas-vegas-as-what-we-know-about-sin-city-plans-as-oakland-tenure-ends-3177672%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nba.com/warriors/team_history_index.html/">"Warriors History Index"</a>. NBA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109222853/http://www.nba.com/warriors/team_history_index.html/">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warriors+History+Index&rft.pub=NBA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fwarriors%2Fteam_history_index.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnba.com/news/bay-area-expansion-team-2025">"WNBA Expansion Team Awarded in Bay Area To Golden State Warriors To Begin Play in 2025"</a> (Press release). WNBA. October 5, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WNBA+Expansion+Team+Awarded+in+Bay+Area+To+Golden+State+Warriors+To+Begin+Play+in+2025&rft.pub=WNBA&rft.date=2023-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnba.com%2Fnews%2Fbay-area-expansion-team-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurdy2020" class="citation news cs1">Purdy, Mark (June 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/12/on-this-date-2016-sharks-stanley-cup-dream-ruined-by-penguins/">"On this date, 2016: Sharks' Stanley Cup dream ruined by Penguins"</a>. The Mercury News. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=On+this+date%2C+2016%3A+Sharks%27+Stanley+Cup+dream+ruined+by+Penguins&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft.aulast=Purdy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2020%2F06%2F12%2Fon-this-date-2016-sharks-stanley-cup-dream-ruined-by-penguins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sjearthquakes.com/club/history">"Club History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Earthquakes" title="San Jose Earthquakes">San Jose Earthquakes</a>. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Club+History&rft.pub=San+Jose+Earthquakes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjearthquakes.com%2Fclub%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://la28.org/en/games-plan.html">"Welcome to the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games"</a>. la28.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107215303/https://la28.org/en/games-plan.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=la28.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+LA28+Olympic+and+Paralympic+Games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fla28.org%2Fen%2Fgames-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/07/31/top-10-most-historic-bay-area-olympic-spots-stanford-stadium/">"Top 10 most historic Bay Area Olympic spots: Stanford Stadium"</a>. July 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+most+historic+Bay+Area+Olympic+spots%3A+Stanford+Stadium&rft.date=2016-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2016%2F07%2F31%2Ftop-10-most-historic-bay-area-olympic-spots-stanford-stadium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sjbarracuda.com/team/development-history">"Development History"</a>. San Jose Barracudas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231022/http://www.sjbarracuda.com/team/development-history">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+History&rft.pub=San+Jose+Barracudas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjbarracuda.com%2Fteam%2Fdevelopment-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milb.com/content/page.jsp?sid=t476&ymd=20100219&content_id=8098792&vkey=team4">"San Jose Giants Team Info"</a>. San Jose Giants. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150913020649/http://www.milb.com/content/page.jsp?sid=t476&ymd=20100219&content_id=8098792&vkey=team4">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Jose+Giants+Team+Info&rft.pub=San+Jose+Giants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milb.com%2Fcontent%2Fpage.jsp%3Fsid%3Dt476%26ymd%3D20100219%26content_id%3D8098792%26vkey%3Dteam4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavani2024" class="citation news cs1">Ravani, Sarah (August 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/eastbay/article/oakland-coliseum-roots-soul-soccer-19631085.php">"Oakland Roots will play at the Coliseum in 2025"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Oakland+Roots+will+play+at+the+Coliseum+in+2025&rft.date=2024-08-12&rft.aulast=Ravani&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Feastbay%2Farticle%2Foakland-coliseum-roots-soul-soccer-19631085.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415102306/http://web1.ncaa.org/onlineDir/exec2/divisionListing?sortOrder=0&division=1">"NCAA Members by Division"</a>. NCAA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web1.ncaa.org/onlineDir/exec2/divisionListing?sortOrder=0&division=1">the original</a> on April 15, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCAA+Members+by+Division&rft.pub=NCAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb1.ncaa.org%2FonlineDir%2Fexec2%2FdivisionListing%3FsortOrder%3D0%26division%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theacc.com/news/2023/9/1/general-the-atlantic-coast-conference-welcomes-the-university-of-california-berkeley-southern-methodist-university-and-stanford-university-as-new-members.aspx">"The Atlantic Coast Conference Welcomes the University of California, Berkeley, Southern Methodist University and Stanford University as New Members"</a> (Press release). Atlantic Coast Conference. September 1, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901142728/https://theacc.com/news/2023/9/1/general-the-atlantic-coast-conference-welcomes-the-university-of-california-berkeley-southern-methodist-university-and-stanford-university-as-new-members.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Atlantic+Coast+Conference+Welcomes+the+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley%2C+Southern+Methodist+University+and+Stanford+University+as+New+Members&rft.pub=Atlantic+Coast+Conference&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheacc.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F1%2Fgeneral-the-atlantic-coast-conference-welcomes-the-university-of-california-berkeley-southern-methodist-university-and-stanford-university-as-new-members.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz,_Andy2013" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Andy (May 3, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/7883895/utah-state-san-jose-state-joining-mountain-west-conference-2013-2014-according-sources">"Sources: Utah St., SJSU joining MWC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231229/http://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/7883895/utah-state-san-jose-state-joining-mountain-west-conference-2013-2014-according-sources">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sources%3A+Utah+St.%2C+SJSU+joining+MWC&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.au=Katz%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fcollege-sports%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F7883895%2Futah-state-san-jose-state-joining-mountain-west-conference-2013-2014-according-sources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7news.com/archive/8433343/">"Cal, Stanford get pumped up for The Big Game | abc7news.com"</a>. Abclocal.go.com. November 15, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120730102856/http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news%2Fsports%2Fcollege%2Ffootball&id=8433343">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cal%2C+Stanford+get+pumped+up+for+The+Big+Game+%26%23124%3B+abc7news.com&rft.pub=Abclocal.go.com&rft.date=2011-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7news.com%2Farchive%2F8433343%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002822/http://www.scout.com/college/california/story/814436-the-big-game-cal-vs-stanford?s=166">"Scout.com: The Big Game: Cal vs. Stanford"</a>. California.scout.com. November 22, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://california.scout.com/2/814436.html">the original</a> on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scout.com%3A+The+Big+Game%3A+Cal+vs.+Stanford&rft.pub=California.scout.com&rft.date=2008-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia.scout.com%2F2%2F814436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub,_David2004" class="citation book cs1">Weintraub, David (September 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscobaya00davi_0">Afoot and Afield: San Francisco Bay Area: A Comprehensive Hiking Guide</a>. Wilderness Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscobaya00davi_0/page/1">1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afoot+and+Afield%3A+San+Francisco+Bay+Area%3A+A+Comprehensive+Hiking+Guide&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Wilderness+Press&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft.au=Weintraub%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsanfranciscobaya00davi_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hillsidegraphics.com/hamilton-challenge/">"Mt. Hamilton Challenge & Ascent Bicycle Tours"</a>. Pedalera Bicycle Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413150433/http://www.hillsidegraphics.com/hamilton-challenge">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mt.+Hamilton+Challenge+%26+Ascent+Bicycle+Tours&rft.pub=Pedalera+Bicycle+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hillsidegraphics.com%2Fhamilton-challenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071022043109/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/bcomm/3180.html">"Bicycle Network Facilities"</a>. Commuting and Resources. SF Municipal Transportation Authority. May 12, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfmta.com/cms/bcomm/3180.html">the original</a> on October 22, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commuting+and+Resources&rft.atitle=Bicycle+Network+Facilities&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfmta.com%2Fcms%2Fbcomm%2F3180.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stfyc.com/">"St Francis Yacht Club"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325112917/http://www.stfyc.com/">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Francis+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stfyc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ggyc.com/">"Golden Gate Yacht Club"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510044559/http://www.ggyc.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golden+Gate+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ggyc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southbeachyachtclub.org/Default.aspx?p=DynamicModule&pageid=28&ssid=100049&vnf=1">"About South Beach Yacht Club"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170226205618/http://www.southbeachyachtclub.org/Default.aspx?p=DynamicModule&pageid=28&ssid=100049&vnf=1">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+South+Beach+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southbeachyachtclub.org%2FDefault.aspx%3Fp%3DDynamicModule%26pageid%3D28%26ssid%3D100049%26vnf%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alameda-yacht-club.org/">"Alameda Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alameda+Yacht+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falameda-yacht-club.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berkeleyyc.org/">"Berkley Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Berkley+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fberkeleyyc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cyc.org/">"Corinthium Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corinthium+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oaklandyachtclub.net/">"Oakland Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oakland+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oaklandyachtclub.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidioyachtclub.org/">"Presidio Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidio+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidioyachtclub.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sequoiayc.org/">"Sequoia Yacht Club"</a>. Retrieved November 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sequoia+Yacht+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sequoiayc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Francisco+Bay+Area" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcalifornia.com/region/discover-san-francisco-bay-area">Discover the Bay Area website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222044743/https://www.visitcalifornia.com/region/discover-san-francisco-bay-area">Archived</a> December 22, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> run by Discover California</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140208024513/http://www.visitsfbayarea.com/">Bay Area Tourism Guide</a> by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="San_Francisco_Bay_Area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SF_Bay_Area" title="Template:SF Bay Area"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SF_Bay_Area" title="Template talk:SF Bay Area"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SF_Bay_Area" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SF Bay Area"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="San_Francisco_Bay_Area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Francisco Bay Area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_Bay" title="Bodega Bay">Bodega Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carquinez_Strait" title="Carquinez Strait">Carquinez Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Court_Forebay" title="Clifton Court Forebay">Clifton Forebay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate" title="Golden Gate">Golden Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grizzly_Bay" title="Grizzly Bay">Grizzly Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_(California)" title="Guadalupe River (California)">Guadalupe River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay_(California)" title="Half Moon Bay (California)">Half Moon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Berryessa" title="Lake Berryessa">Lake Berryessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_River" title="Napa River">Napa River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Estuary" title="Oakland Estuary">Oakland Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petaluma_River" title="Petaluma River">Petaluma River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Bay" title="Richardson Bay">Richardson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Inner_Harbor" title="Richmond Inner Harbor">Richmond Inner Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_River_(California)" title="Russian River (California)">Russian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River" title="Sacramento River">Sacramento River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Leandro_Bay" title="San Leandro Bay">San Leandro Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo_Bay" title="San Pablo Bay">San Pablo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Creek" title="Sonoma Creek">Sonoma Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_Bay" title="Suisun Bay">Suisun Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomales_Bay" title="Tomales Bay">Tomales Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:BayareaUSGS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Francisco Bay Area"><img alt="San Francisco Bay Area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/100px-BayareaUSGS.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/150px-BayareaUSGS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/BayareaUSGS.jpg/200px-BayareaUSGS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="798" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">100k–250k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch,_California" title="Antioch, California">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_California" title="Concord, California">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly_City,_California" title="Daly City, California">Daly City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_California" title="Fairfield, California">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_California" title="Richmond, California">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacaville,_California" title="Vacaville, California">Vacaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">50k–100k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda,_California" title="Alameda, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_California" title="Brentwood, California">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin,_California" title="Dublin, California">Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilroy,_California" title="Gilroy, California">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_California" title="Livermore, California">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milpitas,_California" title="Milpitas, California">Milpitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa,_California" title="Napa, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novato,_California" title="Novato, California">Novato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petaluma,_California" title="Petaluma, California">Petaluma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburg,_California" title="Pittsburg, California">Pittsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasanton,_California" title="Pleasanton, California">Pleasanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Leandro,_California" title="San Leandro, California">San Leandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael,_California" title="San Rafael, California">San Rafael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ramon,_California" title="San Ramon, California">San Ramon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_San_Francisco,_California" title="South San Francisco, California">South San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_City,_California" title="Union City, California">Union City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Creek,_California" title="Walnut Creek, California">Walnut Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">25k–50k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_California" title="Belmont, California">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicia,_California" title="Benicia, California">Benicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlingame,_California" title="Burlingame, California">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell,_California" title="Campbell, California">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_California" title="Danville, California">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Palo_Alto,_California" title="East Palo Alto, California">East Palo Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California" title="El Cerrito, California">El Cerrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_City,_California" title="Foster City, California">Foster City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules,_California" title="Hercules, California">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_California" title="Lafayette, California">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos,_California" title="Los Gatos, California">Los Gatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinez,_California" title="Martinez, California">Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Hill,_California" title="Morgan Hill, California">Morgan Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_California" title="Newark, California">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakley,_California" title="Oakley, California">Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifica,_California" title="Pacifica, California">Pacifica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Hill,_California" title="Pleasant Hill, California">Pleasant Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohnert_Park,_California" title="Rohnert Park, California">Rohnert Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bruno,_California" title="San Bruno, California">San Bruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos,_California" title="San Carlos, California">San Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pablo,_California" title="San Pablo, California">San Pablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga,_California" title="Saratoga, California">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_City,_California" title="Suisun City, California">Suisun City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_California" title="Windsor, California">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">10k–25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_California" title="Albany, California">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Canyon,_California" title="American Canyon, California">American Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_California" title="Clayton, California">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corte_Madera,_California" title="Corte Madera, California">Corte Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon,_California" title="Dixon, California">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryville,_California" title="Emeryville, California">Emeryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay,_California" title="Half Moon Bay, California">Half Moon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healdsburg,_California" title="Healdsburg, California">Healdsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough,_California" title="Hillsborough, California">Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkspur,_California" title="Larkspur, California">Larkspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Valley,_California" title="Mill Valley, California">Mill Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbrae,_California" title="Millbrae, California">Millbrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraga,_California" title="Moraga, California">Moraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinda,_California" title="Orinda, California">Orinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont,_California" title="Piedmont, California">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinole,_California" title="Pinole, California">Pinole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Vista,_California" title="Rio Vista, California">Rio Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Anselmo,_California" title="San Anselmo, California">San Anselmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe16d;width:1%">Under 10k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atherton,_California" title="Atherton, California">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere,_California" title="Belvedere, California">Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane,_California" title="Brisbane, California">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calistoga,_California" title="Calistoga, California">Calistoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverdale,_California" title="Cloverdale, California">Cloverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colma,_California" title="Colma, California">Colma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotati,_California" title="Cotati, California">Cotati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_California" title="Fairfax, California">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Altos_Hills,_California" title="Los Altos Hills, California">Los Altos Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Sereno,_California" title="Monte Sereno, California">Monte Sereno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portola_Valley,_California" title="Portola Valley, California">Portola Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross,_California" title="Ross, California">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Helena,_California" title="St. Helena, California">St. Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausalito,_California" title="Sausalito, California">Sausalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastopol,_California" title="Sebastopol, California">Sebastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiburon,_California" title="Tiburon, California">Tiburon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodside,_California" title="Woodside, California">Woodside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yountville,_California" title="Yountville, California">Yountville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a> over 10k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo,_California" title="Alamo, California">Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alum_Rock,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Alum Rock, California">Alum Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_California" title="Ashland, California">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Point,_California" title="Bay Point, California">Bay Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Valley,_California" title="Castro Valley, California">Castro Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherryland,_California" title="Cherryland, California">Cherryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Bay,_California" title="Discovery Bay, California">Discovery Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Sobrante,_Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="El Sobrante, Contra Costa County, California">El Sobrante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_California" title="Fairview, California">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Fair_Oaks,_California" title="North Fair Oaks, California">North Fair Oaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_California" title="San Lorenzo, California">San Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamalpais-Homestead_Valley,_California" title="Tamalpais-Homestead Valley, California">Tamalpais-Homestead Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Sub-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay" title="East Bay">East Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Homelessness in the San Francisco Bay Area">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Politics in the San Francisco Bay Area">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California" title="Template:California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California" title="Template talk:California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213205#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213205#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213205#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/191314688">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1242397/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB48m84JGxM9DfcGm3mh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4243504-3">Germany</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16313949-0">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85117096">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12478087d">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12478087d">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553410205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033978999">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&params=37.81_N_122.37_W_region:US-CA_dim:100km">37°49′N 122°22′W / 37.81°N 122.37°W / 37.81; -122.37</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&oldid=1257947480">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&oldid=1257947480</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Category:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_California" title="Category:Regions of California">Regions of California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Northern_California" title="Category:Geography of Northern California">Geography of Northern California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metropolitan_areas_of_California" title="Category:Metropolitan areas of California">Metropolitan areas of California</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_February_2019" title="Category:Use American English from February 2019">Use American English from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2021">Use mdy dates from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_no_coordinates" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates">Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 10:21 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_Bay_Area&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-mlwhb","wgBackendResponseTime":198,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.052","walltime":"3.524","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26984,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":757788,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29390,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":37,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1165326,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2839.509 1 -total"," 57.97% 1646.052 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.73% 787.454 172 Template:Cite_web"," 11.95% 339.358 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 10.93% 310.477 66 Template:Cite_news"," 8.26% 234.457 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.16% 146.445 29 Template:Main_other"," 4.92% 139.615 33 Template:Cite_book"," 2.99% 84.888 1 Template:SF_Bay_Area"," 2.96% 83.992 2 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.702","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12431250,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","19.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","14.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","200","11.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","5.5"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","3.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.2"],["[others]","480","26.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-687bc74f68-p226q","timestamp":"20241122210353","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"San Francisco Bay Area","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Bay_Area","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213205","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213205","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-12T07:27:20Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T10:21:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cc\/Painted_Ladies.jpg","headline":"metropolitan area in California, United States"}</script> </body> </html>