CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title> GS-I: Modern Indian History - GKToday</title><meta name="distribution" content="global"><meta name="language" content="en"><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><meta name="google-site-verification" content="dvXSLvrGJWREiU33JbgEp-3VsopRrSVqGYaJGZcrxl8" /> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,d2luZG93Ll93Y2E9d2luZG93Ll93Y2F8fFtd" defer></script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com' /><link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' /><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='gkt-upvotes-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/d973bf8ee7caed286cc5fe8cd40aee39.css?ver=aee39' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wgktoday_woo_addon-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/8bc548fd8d4a99f3e6393a8b4eecfe2b.css?ver=cfe2b' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-layout-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/41c3fe6a72fd7582c75b01eb1043026c.css?ver=3026c' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='woocommerce-layout-inline-css' type='text/css'>.infinite-scroll .woocommerce-pagination { display: none; }</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-smallscreen-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/680dfe992f8a3110606f52a9f8ebeaa2.css?ver=beaa2' type='text/css' media='only screen and (max-width: 768px)' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-general-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/7778a5f45cdd12002441a47a32e75561.css?ver=75561' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'>.woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; }</style><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wsl-widget-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/f68f87396ca1f037c387d858a74ab718.css?ver=ab718' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wp_basic_quiz_css-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/4a4e9f0e3faa4e46611cf18a92432909.css?ver=32909' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/e17723d05766e1bfaf33ad2c13d50c65.css?ver=50c65' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='my-style-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/332f40920c8763505ba8c10d5fd4c8fe.css?ver=4c8fe' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; }</style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/8e696c82fdb4e77bc12254279462720d.js?ver=2720d" id="jquery-migrate-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/935c8091124e69d1a8661a065e65da2c.js?ver=5da2c" id="rcfwc-js-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?explicit&hl=en_US" id="recaptcha-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/1bab3746c481e43241ed45976ced408e.js?ver=d408e" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-add-to-cart-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdjX2FkZF90b19jYXJ0X3BhcmFtcz17ImFqYXhfdXJsIjoiXC93cC1hZG1pblwvYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJ3Y19hamF4X3VybCI6IlwvP3djLWFqYXg9JSVlbmRwb2ludCUlIiwiaTE4bl92aWV3X2NhcnQiOiJWaWV3IGNhcnQiLCJjYXJ0X3VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZ2t0b2RheS5pblwvY2FydFwvIiwiaXNfY2FydCI6IiIsImNhcnRfcmVkaXJlY3RfYWZ0ZXJfYWRkIjoibm8ifQ==" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/27266f04b93a517cdf8ad6c0d8b78821.js?ver=78821" id="wc-add-to-cart-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/f7d41ae1fd2f21f544b0d1bf8ec98df0.js?ver=98df0" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdvb2NvbW1lcmNlX3BhcmFtcz17ImFqYXhfdXJsIjoiXC93cC1hZG1pblwvYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJ3Y19hamF4X3VybCI6IlwvP3djLWFqYXg9JSVlbmRwb2ludCUlIn0=" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/76f50ac02662466734acee7d0904341c.js?ver=4341c" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp_basic_quiz_takequiz-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHdwX2Jhc2ljX3F1aXo9eyJhZG1pbl9hamF4IjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5na3RvZGF5LmluXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC9wbHVnaW5zXC93cC1xdWl6LWJhc2ljXC9hamF4X3JlcXVlc3RzLnBocCIsInF1aXpfc3VibWl0X2FjdGlvbiI6InByb2Nlc3NfYWpheF9xdWl6X3N1Ym1pc3Npb24ifQ==" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/wp-quiz-basic/js/wp_basic_quiz.js" id="wp_basic_quiz_takequiz-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/s-202510.js" id="woocommerce-analytics-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-json/wp/v2/upsc_question_category/143225" /><style>.paytm_response{padding:15px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 4px; text-align: center;} .paytm_response.error-box{color: #a94442; background-color: #f2dede; border-color: #ebccd1;} .paytm_response.success-box{color: #155724; background-color: #d4edda; border-color: #c3e6cb;}</style><style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript><style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'>@font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/logopeg.jpg?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#property=5ab23421b33883001365509f&product=inline-share-buttons" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/4e20740d7549a3872aa67f54636e544b.js?ver=e544b" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/js/6ec4fc7ca66e1d7154784b88c13de00c.js?ver=de00c" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <style>.list-home ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; line-height: 35px; } .list-home > li { display: inline; } .list-home > li:not(:last-child)::after { content: " •"; } .list-home > li:not(:last-child)::before { content: " "; }</style> <script src="https://fundingchoicesmessages.google.com/i/pub-5276580860677940?ers=1" nonce="v5tA_uHize00ZC1GuWh35A" defer data-deferred="1"></script><script nonce="v5tA_uHize00ZC1GuWh35A" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script> </head><body><div class="site-wrap newnav"><div class="header-wrap"><header class="site-header" style="padding: 0 10px 1px 10px;"><div class="row" style="padding: 5px 0px 8px 0px;"><div class="newnav_header_top"><div class="mobile_menu_btn"> <button class="mm_menu_btn" id="menu-toggler">☰</button></div><div class="site-logo left new_nav"> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/themes/groovy/images/logo.png" width="200"></a></div><div class="mobile_yt_link"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy" target="_blank"> <img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/themes/groovy/images/new-icon.png"> </a></div></div><div class="header-right" style="color:blue;">Hello Guest ! <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/my-account/">Register or Login </a>  |  <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/cart/"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/cart.jpg"><span class="woocommerce-Price-amount amount"><bdi><span class="woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol">₹</span>0.00</bdi></span></a></div></div></header><div class="menu-overlay"></div><div class="scrollmenu"> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/">Home</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/">Current Affairs</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-current-affairs-quiz-questions-answers/">Current Affairs Quiz</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-questions/">SSC GK</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/banking-awareness/">Banking GK</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/">UPSC GS</a> <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/ebooks/">E-Books</a> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy" target=_blank">Download App</a> <a href="https://gktbooks.com" target=_blank">Printed Books</a></div></div><div class="main-content"><div class="row" style="padding-top:6px;"><div class="left_middle_content"><div style="margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="1350486881" data-ad-format="horizontal"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div><div class="inside_post column content_width"><h1 id="section""> <span style="text-transform:capitalize;"> GS-I: Modern Indian History</span></h1><div class="applewrap"></div><div class="posts-listing"><div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons"></div><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/paying-special-attention-to-the-contributions-of-b/">Paying special attention to the contributions of Bhagat Singh, outline the course of the revolutionary movement in the Indian freedom struggle.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 29, 2023</span></div><p>The revolutionary movement in the Indian Freedom Struggle had its roots in the Swadeshi movement of 1905. With the failure of the non-cooperation movement to deliver swaraj, it again gained momentum in the 1920s. Significant events of the revolutionary movement: ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/analyse-the-factors-that-led-to-the-rise-of-commun/">Analyse the factors that led to the rise of communalism in India during the 1920s and 1930s.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 29, 2023</span></div><p>The rise of communalism in India during the 1920s and 1930s can be attributed to several factors, both historical and political. Communalism refers to the ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular religious community over the interests of the ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/independent-india-chose-the-path-of-socialism-beca/">Independent India chose the path of socialism because that was the dominating thought when British left India. Assess Critically.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 25, 2023</span></div><p>Model Answer: The British Empire on one hand led to the creation of a capitalist highly rich and wealthy merchant’s class in the society in India. On the other hand the colonial set-up was interested in gaining maximum wealth from the cultivator and ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/highlight-the-steps-taken-by-government-of-india-f/">Highlight the steps taken by government of India for integrating the tribals into the mainstream. Also discuss the challenges faced in integrating them.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 22, 2023</span></div><p>India is an ancient civilization, yet there are certain groups living in the subcontinent which were not part of the so called mainstream. They are called the tribals or scheduled tribes. Challenges: Distinct way of life. Hesitant in contacting outside ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/assess-the-role-of-the-revolutionary-extremists-in/">Assess the role of the Revolutionary Extremists in the Indian Freedom Struggle and their impact on the British colonial government.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 19, 2023</span></div><p>The Revolutionary Extremists employed radical methods to challenge British colonial rule. Their impact on the British government and the overall movement was significant, although their approach differed from that of the moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress. Role of ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/in-comparison-to-quit-india-movement-the-indian-na/">“In comparison to Quit India Movement, the Indian National Army (INA) had a greater impact on the Indian Freedom Struggle.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss critically and comparatively.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 18, 2023</span></div><p>The Indian National Army (INA) and the Quit India Movement were two significant events in the Indian Freedom Struggle, but their impact on the movement differed in nature and extent. Impact of the Indian National Army: Psychological impact: The INA, ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/although-the-principle-of-religious-majorities-was/">Although the principle of religious majorities was followed for the partition of India, yet it was full of practical problems.” Examine.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 17, 2023</span></div><p>The actual partition was accomplished by the so called 3 June plan or Mountbatten Plan announced by Mountbatten on 3 June 1947. The major points of this plan were as follows: Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims in Punjab and Bengal legislative ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><h1 id="list"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc-questions/though-it-had-its-achievements-the-exclusion-of-in/">Though it had its achievements, the exclusion of Indians from the system was a key feature of judicial reforms introduced by Cornwallis. Analyze.</a></h1><div class="postmeta-primary"> <span class="meta_date"> June 11, 2023</span></div><p>Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793) is regarded as the father of modern administration in India. He introduced reforms in police, judiciary, land revenue systems, etc. The judicial reform of Cornwallis had the following features: Separated criminal and civil courts Established hierarchy of ..</p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p><p class="small-font"></p></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div class='wp-pagenavi' role='navigation'> <span aria-current='page' class='current'>1</span><a class="page larger" title="Page 2" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/page/2/">2</a><a class="page larger" title="Page 3" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/page/3/">3</a><span class='extend'>...</span><a class="larger page" title="Page 10" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/page/10/">10</a><span class='extend'>...</span><a class="nextpostslink" rel="next" aria-label="Next Page" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/page/2/">»</a><a class="last" aria-label="Last Page" href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/page/14/">50</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div><div style="margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="9019539285" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div><aside class="sidebar column left_sidebar last"><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">Current Affairs Section</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Daily MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-current-affairs-quiz-questions-answers/">📝 Daily Current Affairs Quiz</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/section/current-affairs-quiz-upsc/">📝 Daily Current Affairs Quiz [UPSC]</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Monthly MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-february-2025">Current Affairs Quiz – February 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-january-2025">Current Affairs Quiz – January, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-december-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – December, 2024 </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-november-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – November, 2024 </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-october-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – October, 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/current-affairs-quiz-september-2024">Current Affairs Quiz – September, 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs-monthly-quiz-archive/">📁 Previous Months Quiz - 2017 - 2024</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Topic Wise CA MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/india-government-politics-current-affairs">🌍 India Current Affairs MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/government-schemes-current-affairs">🏛 Government Schemes MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/business-economy-banking-current-affairs">💼 Business, Economy & Banking MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/defence-current-affairs">🚀 Defence MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/reports-and-indices-current-affairs">📈 Reports and Indices MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/environment-biodiversity-current-affairs">🌿 Environment & Biodiversity MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/awards-honours-persons-in-news-current-affairs">🏆 Awards, Honours & Persons MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/places-in-news-current-affairs">📍 Places in News MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/important-days-and-events-current-affairs">🎉 Important Days and Events MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/sports-current-affairs">🏀 Sports Current Affairs MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/science-technology-current-affairs">🔬 Science & Technology MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/summits-and-conferences-in-current-affairs">🎤 Summits and Conferences in MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/international-current-affairs">🌐 International MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/art-culture-current-affairs">🖼 Art & Culture MCQs</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">Current Affairs Articles</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/">🗞 Current Affairs Today</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/current-affairs-march-2025/">📋 Current Affairs - March, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/current-affairs-february-2025/">📋 Current Affairs - February, 2025</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/current-affairs/month/">📁 Previous Months Articles</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">CA MCQs in Other Languages</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/hindi-current-affairs"> 📝 हिन्दी करेंट अफेयर्स</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/kannada-current-affairs/">📝 ಪ್ರಚಲಿತ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನಗಳು </a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/marathi-current-affairs">📝 मराठी चालू घडामोडी</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">GK MCQs Section</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">SSC/RRB/States Level MCQs</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/ancient-indian-history-multiple-choice-questions">📜 Ancient Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/medieval-indian-history">🗡️ Medieval Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/modern-indian-history-freedom-struggle">🏛️ Modern Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-geography-mcqs">🗺️ Indian Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/world-geography">🌏 World Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-polity-constitution-mcqs">⚖️ Indian Polity & Constitution</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/environment-ecology-biodiversity-mcqs">🐾 Environment & Biodiversity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-culture-general-studies-mcqs">🕉️ Indian Art & Culture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/sports-gk">🏆 Sports GK</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/indian-economy-mcqs">💰 Indian Economy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-for-competitive-examinations">🔬 General Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-biology-mcqs">🧬 General Science - Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-physics-mcqs">💡 General Science - Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/general-science-chemistry">🧪 General Science - Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/world-history-quiz-questions">🗿 World History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/books-and-authors-gk-questions">✍️ Books & Authors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/gk-questions/">🔍 All GK Questions Categories</a></li></ul></div></aside></div><aside class="sidebar column fourcol_sidebar last"> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-5276580860677940" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:300px;height:250px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-5276580860677940" data-ad-slot="3256905532"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> <div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">PDF Ebooks Store</h3><ul class="sidebar"><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/daily-current-affairs-quiz-pdf-compilations/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> Current Affairs Monthly 240 MCQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/current-affairs-e-books/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles+MCQs [Fortnightly PDF]</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/gktoday-monthly-current-affairs-pdf-articles/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Monthly Datewise PDF]</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/monthly-current-affairs-articles-pdf-category-wise/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Monthly Topic Wise PDF]</a></a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/module-category/current-affairs-subject-wise-compilations/"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" style="color:red;" aria-hidden="true"></i> CA Articles [Yearly PDF]</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive"><h3 class="widget-title">UPSC Exams</h3><ul class="sidebar"><h5 id="widget-subtitle">UPSC Prelims Exams</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/">✅ UPSC Prelims 100 Mocks</a></li><h5 id="widget-subtitle">UPSC Mains Questions & Answers</h5><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-indian-culture/">🛕 GS-I: Indian Culture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-indian-history/">👑 GS-I: Modern Indian History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-modern-world-history/">✈️ GS-I: Modern World History</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-indian-society/">👫 GS-I: Indian Society</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-i-world-geography/">🏔️ GS-I: World & Physical Geography</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-constitution-of-india-polity/">🧑‍⚖️ GS-II: Indian Constitution & Polity</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-social-justice/">🏠 GS-II: Social Justice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-governance/">🏢 GS-II: Governance</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-ii-international-relations/">🌐 GS-II: International Relations</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-economy-economic-development/">💹 GS-III: Economic Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-science-technology/">📡 GS-III: Science & Technology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-environment-disaster-management/">🌱 GS-III: Environment & DM</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iii-internal-external-security/">🪖 GS-III: Internal & External Security</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/upsc/category/gs-iv-ethics-integrity-and-aptitude/">🎭 GS-IV: Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude</a></li></ul></div><div class="widget widget_archive" style="margin-bottom:50px;"><h3 class="widget-title">Banking Exams</h3><ul class="sidebar"><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/banking-awareness/">Banking Awareness</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/quizbase/computer-awareness-for-ibps-banking-examinations">Computer Awareness</a></li><li><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/content/marketing-aptitude-for-bank-examinations/">Marketing Aptitude</a></li></ul></div> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy"><img src="https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/banking-2025-300x200.jpg"></a></aside></div></div><div class="footer"> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-JV3PXCKQ3W" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,d2luZG93LmRhdGFMYXllcj13aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyfHxbXTtmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKX0KZ3RhZygnanMnLG5ldyBEYXRlKCkpO2d0YWcoJ2NvbmZpZycsJ0ctSlYzUFhDS1EzVycp" defer></script> <div class="copyright"><a href="https://www.gktoday.in/about-us/">About Us | </a><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gktoday.academy">GKToday Mobile App</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/terms-conditions/"> Terms & Conditions</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/contact-us/">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/privacy-policy/"> Privacy Policy</a>  | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/cancellation-and-refund-policy/"> Shipping, Cancellation & Refund Policy</a>  | <a href="https://www.gktoday.in/work-for-gktoday/">Work4GKToday</a><div class="credits">© 2025 GKToday | All Rights Reserved</div></div></div></div><link data-optimized="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://www.gktoday.in/wp-content/litespeed/css/b7ace638ed02a7f8c113c93076d4257a.css?ver=4257a' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202510.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after">/* */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"22999961\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"5.5\",\"srv\":\"www.gktoday.in\",\"j\":\"1:14.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "22999961", "0" ]); /* */</script> </body></html>