CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "innovate.ieee.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '929da0f47dd2fd70',cH: 's4keAlXQpu1y.UiTJemff93maJI.C0WH.rD386Xe5sg-1743568622-1.2.1.1-Hd96PjTtZW0g87LiBFa_TaYl2nPEahxUlp4CR1p8GeLnj5.fQ3XnOcOIhwQ5Sakg',cUPMDTk: "\/tag\/authors\/?__cf_chl_tk=yAXu8ovUsR0OvEEHfCl.I.7DiztRsH0nP0NT8LlKtLU-1743568622-1.0.1.1-9HAKMQwxn1p.69ou19iRjrYlb.akKc963nr0xiEl0ds",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743568622',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/tag\/authors\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=yAXu8ovUsR0OvEEHfCl.I.7DiztRsH0nP0NT8LlKtLU-1743568622-1.0.1.1-9HAKMQwxn1p.69ou19iRjrYlb.akKc963nr0xiEl0ds",md: "A_wi_Swy86Bk7IyepruRO.2YVken0i5auJBY0JtCVJ4-1743568622-1.2.1.1-fNxKjJifmoNIIX0i0zba3EQwKBUhE.PFVxQ5X4yQ0IYrYNnZOFLaqgphuueBkKP7Hpgfhjy9wjp.g1Ko8qBO7HwDUlgtRpZjDnoSdc5IsF_cy0W7pzVuqHPKEhdnkY4cDddJQqU9TiezHd.jJgDppc8fUUIBoI8PxFpWklp0CGpyn57HnX.ZAwQtWsQYAcvsaum28iGY1hTs8QM8KyaOp1XgmsvzWnlQJR.jVX5chJNRPA0zHoNDODRCrsKmZSn98non_Tm9TDMfebCBPtzodxFxW08_U5x4VBmL.iWrs1riSC9ET_wQKvUJID8uOJeTCScyjI953oNeWsSoZhkWpDBge8sgyz3EVIcKjQNV7uE0vtA5hrSBv07CVaR6rCUvrFWNV50lBFZpo68x_kQqEeIbOYhFLHebbh0hXeZeqAXEkPAgzfC5DHKl0QnrKpzMNIgKQYfLm3UNlBsfLVsR_3vZuCIdMeL2FyQw6Ok6KL_9Qhg5bPmmxiI2q9uRYaqefWmzLCUi4JYG5Jx1DV7wp2bPdhOZcJ_nFD6eTTE0mEvHX6SatHLJsLeJzk.wzMdPiK3lAx5yf6xj8Xo2Siq0I71_.NVgCuv_8GYljD_8b4Sav3oyhgi0EEPavfs8EHtivQHfK0.fbGPbuKL9M1wq6UnliBTlK47qhY65hnZrL5dp5BSIAmaPB8RhCcy2Cu44ipw5zfVH.8x4Wjj3qbQVT4cY8Q.TDQIsJNanEG1wPCKmbqop5tZeyN4LTWGvYeWfBK6tZCCbK58QI.8_khuvJjnIrCgPqkDNatcI53ngVK6VecteJwAXj4fBqmNYQkMHTH.CsviBM_B593WHUCwx6ykKK_bzYRpwjFbowmE8PN.dIaq_B7cmyuC2s5hxy2A0v0r9x9mBiM_4qC39zv6HS5ZQB5VU4jSaDHlEiRfpPc1vb6XXt1iblIcTJ_CvFLJMTclVMmqHakQfIw3VGyKxfOoTQrpTQmftkjHC.2yuAD6oLZFQcBfnTgoIQzayCe6FFHi9zEroHi6OubxdLy2xzJ25popzNQzFCN5rVeYaOAU.9pdXtHqIJQvTHhM3.fSFxkRatXGUVXuaSU1OjQeewztQI0axuuDwbzlrl.RQAyiTQ26.EsKr0BnUmJ3LJKub7Yr2FKgNMzDobQXH3Z0lsBvDMs_XdI_GT1ljei0Ju12wnJ4B7_yNCOPavm.iceHOnPFuJsnEiaJUdP7kdyYLJpLLlO9MponmSiKDJyzHcYbW2bmfrSaQWV3b4H.7amU3",mdrd: "YuRkLR8WK1R2H.FWHBo8r.ZISr6SUoCiXtXgrQZwBEU-1743568622-1.2.1.1-2Gw3wdS.uc9AEfyC0E2La1jUX0i3w1JI5yy5i8xDKNxL9GCBdW8hu1L2Ozmn34oo46XpJ.nDeJzLiS6hgWmu9M9A8Ia6jDATBBpDFfem4I6S7xcB0KhXUb4WUaeZLhSsJUKfbx77_vSYLNuWCWbhtBrp9vXOGG1Igzv_Kdc4IhXl9MwdxMv5K8aOc.v_yEJQ6PQgNlSqp01K72mYAJvzLsxswS2MmX5xQYmLMJJxQ6xRBWPVCLkMNZrLeMtoymoU_c8_mI2tkinZPmjFPo.6OuN1Tbb3yFceAn1z67KhdFbqA8BmaGfIABLDec75um0V22ZfLHzyFKv5sRt2yuYPvA8G5xLjMCLYcgf2M47kJA1Tf2__309mrKGLmgzULr6HJkR_ybex7Cw_l2GCzVHdlKCj1EQi459kVjoLip3miXzNzlv6eDR24gamkX2aUrEjEGvKunVQvUDwMqw8Qt2N.M2.irqeZiM3yRZx3EKJ929j.5kImLW9MiRyra1MJS1A7foXVST9ixoY8pQB5wtZ3zJJ2Rr1FtoCPozc0Qcy.yvvSlkGlEKcnj8cwZmaRzFtVeXsBoBNTZeG8mIIfTqfe6fQo64HX3XGGBhwPgdJ37G0WcGLCc2qtTb9JQfYJMCy1r6KRtoKn3bH9Fr.GRC5WtxpcDSeFBv_HWXbfoc9F3FiwrdtyeNknY5HyjpCfUW0NASziBx8nd8pchk29Sb718h5uffKDCYH7sW9wL8oxXion_oypcPxqNqV0RjEq_qmFgwzvNTVf1Gahk5d0KnPEhLqjCjitk0fYY3wyCHORv.QhO7IqQBblcDYjAVm1wtjv12f5x0ULlAz0_LPPE_GEoixf2Zk2T4l1EI8xGSG5kRFra82U3cxgn7JO96A4DsqOLaB8z4hDU.0.tS5DlfoqJYPzsWd5cCKWHbZoXb2QTLu.sUTSUpxuehkQrS7kHZwziK.0XF6Ayo69gMBhTpzKEyUd3IBNMnXAgECJLrXUrun5kc7DHnCv07Dh0XOTGeHjPpbE6qXT5Q1jFVRat.bJGxU3.sBtaz5Q51SByKS2WAxCyR80WY7hA_x5cjff_zGmm7ACSoyhv.09OOJEW8H9RYTyKMBafZIMiV6ZzXBGwYZDnaltlDc1gyHNEq4ka_eYi6NlKmjf.Eov3FA3VX_kCrxnyRNabWwfri.eDf_NVqsVIP8Q4OOF7TW6XRJGPlTh8BPjjFdG50ntdSUijQ.AcFYILQlHRfcViPyEtWqESRi9.bDeuqcZ52cGP.RWrecqxFGLxuHifQjfHlpSfYXgYBXvUQ9iAae79.0BYT1jeO3jkgRzOU4SVmLQOgl.s4Kuzo6PTg8kQrZCxtCJQy3uXolSZEg1qMjTVaQmDtHyq5ZsmNBvSqxhPZhuqcRAss9NHzt3tWq0qym7DAdh7LcELJ3_R3nQLHxC_EcSSpn8fWrH8fg5L_aNGAPDVhGQoqoMnXqBkVVXR3pPyQtA4S4OuywuFCPD7OQeVjDFkOQLJsXuHIFGhpSdt744bzLSqtzJsdsxwVuEpoRhuLJYYcnvMQaAlDCOu76tgpIRxJuL1tc0vFtYY.OhFe.0L6EjtNgA7zo9xuq0erbD7Dlh_XstWEVPyrLyyYW18qn7GUyPFqNQhccwuC5xKAt1Zq_LW.3X4jXzkNu4q_ur09_34UT90eJiu4JEaeFU8ux_MPRdS7WhD4FzS9iVcvgXRg70U8hFA0lr_4SZuipysjZgi8suFKYse7CiaXIvIRlRICs1cdC74v5SOs_30QmbZZyE4rh.4Wjx9dX35oQf9qZyfyxhOTCbv4gC5O4GCmCfzZkuk5DkokV67A90VJBVOZXS6ssZLE8Iw0BxWcOWjc3hpRYGROP22OXCgCUOQhSyOzssT1CKr7LOQfdWMlX2JTaxlomvd6SLe8vjpRdx_e6LBbaa4W8FPy61V4BwaNAony9kKz2EZDs27RjMKROSYhHE43wNUm0R5SNqMqiFZnyQH_26jKDX912rpIPUAllHH.ImXWSbh0w7XN9i44rSLXdJdSK"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=929da0f47dd2fd70';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/tag\/authors\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=yAXu8ovUsR0OvEEHfCl.I.7DiztRsH0nP0NT8LlKtLU-1743568622-1.0.1.1-9HAKMQwxn1p.69ou19iRjrYlb.akKc963nr0xiEl0ds" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>