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theory</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: number theory"> <meta name="keywords" content="number theory"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="number theory"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14258</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: number theory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14258</span> The Theory of Number "0"</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iryna%20Shevchenko">Iryna Shevchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The science of mathematics was originated at the order of count of objects and subsequently for the measurement of size and quality of objects using the logical or abstract means. The laws of mathematics are based on the study of absolute values. The number 0 or "nothing" is the purely logical (as the opposite to absolute) value as the "nothing" should always assume the space for the something that had existed there; otherwise the "something" would never come to existence. In this work we are going to prove that the number "0" is the abstract (logical) and not an absolute number and it has the absolute value of “∞” (infinity). Therefore, the number "0" might not stand in the row of numbers that symbolically represents the absolute values, as it would be the mathematically incorrect. The symbolical value of number "0" in the row of numbers could be represented with symbol "∞" (infinity). As a result, we have the mathematical row of numbers: epsilon, ...4, 3, 2, 1, ∞. As the conclusions of the theory of number “0” we presented the statements: multiplication and division by fractions of numbers is illegal operation and the mathematical division by number “0” is allowed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20operation%20of%20division%20and%20multiplication%20by%20fractions%20of%20number" title="illegal operation of division and multiplication by fractions of number">illegal operation of division and multiplication by fractions of number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinity" title=" infinity"> infinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20row%20of%20numbers" title=" mathematical row of numbers"> mathematical row of numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20number%20%E2%80%9C0%E2%80%9D" title=" theory of number “0”"> theory of number “0”</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27872/the-theory-of-number-0" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14257</span> The Theory of Relativity (K)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Vladimirovich%20Kuzminov">Igor Vladimirovich Kuzminov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed article is an alternative version of the Theory of Relativity. The version is based on the concepts of classical Newtonian physics and does not deny the existing calculation base. The proposed theory completely denies Einstein's existing Theory of Relativity. The only thing that connects these theories is that the proposed theory is also built on postulates. The proposed theory is intended to establish the foundation of classical Newtonian physics. The proposed theory is intended to establish continuity in the development of the fundamentals of physics and is intended to eliminate all kinds of speculation in explanations of physical phenomena. An example of such speculation is Einstein's Theory of Relativity (E). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20theory%20of%20relativity" title="the theory of relativity">the theory of relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postulates%20of%20the%20theory%20of%20relativity" title=" postulates of the theory of relativity"> postulates of the theory of relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criticism%20of%20Einstein%27s%20theory" title=" criticism of Einstein's theory"> criticism of Einstein's theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20physics" title=" classical physics"> classical physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188535/the-theory-of-relativity-k" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14256</span> The Magic Bullet in Africa: Exploring an Alternative Theoretical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Nkrumah">Daniel Nkrumah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Magic Bullet theory was a popular media effect theory that defined the power of the mass media in altering beliefs and perceptions of its audiences. However, following the People's Choice study, the theory was said to have been disproved and was supplanted by the Two-Step Flow Theory. This paper examines the relevance of the Magic Bullet theory in Africa and establishes whether it is still relevant in Africa's media spaces and societies. Using selected cases on the continent, it adopts a grounded theory approach and explores a new theoretical model that attempts to enforce an argument that the Two-Step Flow theory though important and valid, was ill-conceived as a direct replacement to the Magic Bullet theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magic%20bullet%20theory" title="magic bullet theory">magic bullet theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-step%20flow%20theory" title=" two-step flow theory"> two-step flow theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20effects" title=" media effects"> media effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=african%20media" title=" african media"> african media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168592/the-magic-bullet-in-africa-exploring-an-alternative-theoretical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14255</span> Towards Establishing a Universal Theory of Project Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divine%20Kwaku%20Ahadzie">Divine Kwaku Ahadzie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Project management (PM) as a concept has evolved from the early 20th Century into a recognized academic and professional discipline, and indications are that it has come to stay in the 21st Century as a world-wide paradigm shift for managing successful construction projects. However, notwithstanding the strong inroads that PM has made in legitimizing its academic and professional status in construction management practice, the underlining philosophies are still based on cases and conventional practices. An important theoretical issue yet to be addressed is the lack of a universal theory that offers philosophical legitimacy for the PM concept as a uniquely specialized management concept. Here, it is hypothesized that the law of entropy, the theory of uncertainties and the theory of risk management offer plausible explanations for addressing the lacuna of what constitute PM theory. The theoretical bases of these plausible underlying theories are argued and attempts made to establish the functional relationships that exist between these theories and the PM concept. The paper then draws on data related to the success and/or failure of a number of construction projects to validate the theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concepts" title="concepts">concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20theory" title=" universal theory"> universal theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35702/towards-establishing-a-universal-theory-of-project-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14254</span> Sustainable Enterprise Theory: A Starting Point for Reporting Sustainable Business Values </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Fagerstrom">Arne Fagerstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Cunningham"> Gary Cunningham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredrik%20Hartwig"> Fredrik Hartwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a theory of sustainable enterprises, sustainable enterprise theory (SET), is developed. The sustainable enterprise theory can only be a valid theory if knowledge about life and nature is complete. Knowledge limitations should not stop enterprises from doing business with a goal of better long-term life on earth. Life demands stewardship of the resources used during one’s lifetime. This paper develops a model influenced by (the classical) enterprise theory and resource theory that includes more than money in the business activities of an enterprise. The sustainable enterprise theory is then used in an analysis of accountability and in discussions about sustainable businesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20business" title="sustainable business">sustainable business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20reporting" title=" sustainability reporting"> sustainability reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20values" title=" sustainable values"> sustainable values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20the%20firm" title=" theory of the firm"> theory of the firm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453/sustainable-enterprise-theory-a-starting-point-for-reporting-sustainable-business-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14253</span> Performance Optimization on Waiting Time Using Queuing Theory in an Advanced Manufacturing Environment: Robotics to Enhance Productivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganiyat%20Soliu">Ganiyat Soliu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glen%20Bright"> Glen Bright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiemela%20Onunka"> Chiemela Onunka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Performance optimization plays a key role in controlling the waiting time during manufacturing in an advanced manufacturing environment to improve productivity. Queuing mathematical modeling theory was used to examine the performance of the multi-stage production line. Robotics as a disruptive technology was implemented into a virtual manufacturing scenario during the packaging process to study the effect of waiting time on productivity. The queuing mathematical model was used to determine the optimum service rate required by robots during the packaging stage of manufacturing to yield an optimum production cost. Different rates of production were assumed in a virtual manufacturing environment, cost of packaging was estimated with optimum production cost. An equation was generated using queuing mathematical modeling theory and the theorem adopted for analysis of the scenario is the Newton Raphson theorem. Queuing theory presented here provides an adequate analysis of the number of robots required to regulate waiting time in order to increase the number of output. Arrival rate of the product was fast which shows that queuing mathematical model was effective in minimizing service cost and the waiting time during manufacturing. At a reduced waiting time, there was an improvement in the number of products obtained per hour. The overall productivity was improved based on the assumptions used in the queuing modeling theory implemented in the virtual manufacturing scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20optimization" title="performance optimization">performance optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queuing%20theory" title=" queuing theory"> queuing theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102213/performance-optimization-on-waiting-time-using-queuing-theory-in-an-advanced-manufacturing-environment-robotics-to-enhance-productivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14252</span> Principles of Teaching for Successful Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam">Shabnam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to see importance of successful intelligence in education which can enhance achievement. There are a number of researches which have tried to apply psychological theories of education and many researches emphasized the role of thinking and intelligence. While going through the various researches, it was found that many students could learn more effectively than they do, if they were taught in a way that better matched their patterns of abilities. Attempts to apply psychological theories to education can falter on the translation of the theory into educational practice. Often, this translation is not clear. Therefore, when a program does not succeed, it is not clear whether the lack of success was due to the inadequacy of the theory or the inadequacy of the implementation of the theory. A set of basic principles for translating a theory into practice can help clarify just what an educational implementation should (and should not) look like. Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence; analytical, creative and practical intelligence provides a way to create such a match. The results suggest that theory of successful intelligence provides successful interventions in classrooms and provides a proven model for gifted education. This article presents principles for translating a triarchic theory of successful intelligence into educational practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successful%20intelligence" title="successful intelligence">successful intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical" title=" analytical"> analytical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20and%20practical%20intelligence" title=" creative and practical intelligence"> creative and practical intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement" title=" achievement"> achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=success" title=" success"> success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18196/principles-of-teaching-for-successful-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">591</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14251</span> Mixed Number Algebra and Its Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shah%20Alam">Md. Shah Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mushfiq Ahmad has defined a Mixed Number, which is the sum of a scalar and a Cartesian vector. He has also defined the elementary group operations of Mixed numbers i.e. the norm of Mixed numbers, the product of two Mixed numbers, the identity element and the inverse. It has been observed that Mixed Number is consistent with Pauli matrix algebra and a handy tool to work with Dirac electron theory. Its use as a mathematical method in Physics has been studied. (1) We have applied Mixed number in Quantum Mechanics: Mixed Number version of Displacement operator, Vector differential operator, and Angular momentum operator has been developed. Mixed Number method has also been applied to Klein-Gordon equation. (2) We have applied Mixed number in Electrodynamics: Mixed Number version of Maxwell’s equation, the Electric and Magnetic field quantities and Lorentz Force has been found. (3) An associative transformation of Mixed Number numbers fulfilling Lorentz invariance requirement is developed. (4) We have applied Mixed number algebra as an extension of Complex number. Mixed numbers and the Quaternions have isomorphic correspondence, but they are different in algebraic details. The multiplication of unit Mixed number and the multiplication of unit Quaternions are different. Since Mixed Number has properties similar to those of Pauli matrix algebra, Mixed Number algebra is a more convenient tool to deal with Dirac equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20number" title="mixed number">mixed number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20relativity" title=" special relativity"> special relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodynamics" title=" electrodynamics"> electrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pauli%20matrix" title=" pauli matrix"> pauli matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39999/mixed-number-algebra-and-its-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14250</span> A Review of Existing Turnover Intention Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pauline%20E.%20Ngo-Henha">Pauline E. Ngo-Henha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Existing turnover intention theories are reviewed in this paper. This review was conducted with the help of the search keyword “turnover intention theories” in Google Scholar during the month of July 2017. These theories include: The Theory of Organizational Equilibrium (TOE), Social Exchange Theory, Job Embeddedness Theory, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the Resource-Based View, Equity Theory, Human Capital Theory, and the Expectancy Theory. One of the limitations of this review paper is that data were only collected from Google Scholar where many papers were sometimes not freely accessible. However, this paper attempts to contribute to the research in clarifying the distinction between theories and models in the context of turnover intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Literature%20Review" title="Literature Review">Literature Review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theory" title=" Theory"> Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turnover" title=" Turnover"> Turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turnover%20intention" title=" Turnover intention"> Turnover intention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81252/a-review-of-existing-turnover-intention-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14249</span> Experimental Investigation of Boundary Layer Transition on Rotating Cones in Axial Flow in 0 and 35 Degrees Angle of Attack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kargar">Ali Kargar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamyar%20Mansour"> Kamyar Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental results of using hot wire anemometer and smoke visualization are presented. The results obtained on the hot wire anemometer for critical Reynolds number and transitional Reynolds number are compared by previous results. Excellent agreement is found for the transitional Reynolds number. The results for the transitional Reynolds number are also compared by previous linear stability results. The results of the smoke visualization clearly show the cross flow vortices which arise in the transition process from a laminar to a turbulent flow. A non-zero angle of attack is also considered. We compare our results by linear stability theory which was done by Garret et. Al (2007). We just emphasis, Also the visualization and hot wire anemometer results have been compared graphically. The goal in this paper is to check reliability of using hot wire anemometer and smoke visualization in transition problems and check reliability of linear stability theory for this case and compare our results with some trusty experimental works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transitional%20reynolds%20number" title="transitional reynolds number">transitional reynolds number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20cone" title=" rotating cone"> rotating cone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoke%20visualization" title=" smoke visualization"> smoke visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34675/experimental-investigation-of-boundary-layer-transition-on-rotating-cones-in-axial-flow-in-0-and-35-degrees-angle-of-attack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14248</span> Using the Nonlocal Theory of Free Vibrations Nanobeam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Oveysi%20Sarabi">Ali Oveysi Sarabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dimensions of nanostructures are in the range of inter-atomic spacing of the structures which makes them impossible to be modeled as a continuum. Nanoscale size-effects on vibration analysis of nanobeams embedded in an elastic medium is investigated using different types of beam theory. To this end, Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity is incorporated to various beam theories namely as Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT), Timoshenko beam theory (TBT), Reddy beam theory (RBT), and Levinson beam theory (LBT). The surrounding elastic medium is simulated with both Winkler and Pasternak foundation models and the difference between them is studies. Explicit formulas are presented to obtain the natural frequencies of nanobeam corresponding to each nonlocal beam theory. Selected numerical results are given for different values of the non-local parameter, Winkler modulus parameter, Pasternak modulus parameter and aspect ratio of the beam that imply the effects of them, separately. It is observed that the values of natural frequency are strongly dependent on the stiffness of elastic medium and the value of the non-local parameter and these dependencies varies with the value of aspect ratio and mode number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanobeams" title="nanobeams">nanobeams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlocal%20elasticity" title=" nonlocal elasticity"> nonlocal elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winkler%20foundation%20model" title=" winkler foundation model"> winkler foundation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasternak%20foundation%20model" title=" Pasternak foundation model"> Pasternak foundation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20theories" title=" beam theories "> beam theories </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19886/using-the-nonlocal-theory-of-free-vibrations-nanobeam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14247</span> Exploring the Applications of Modular Forms in Cryptography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berhane%20Tewelday%20Weldhiwot">Berhane Tewelday Weldhiwot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the pivotal role of modular forms in modern cryptographic systems, particularly focusing on their applications in secure communications and data integrity. Modular forms, which are complex analytic functions with rich arithmetic properties, have gained prominence due to their connections to number theory and algebraic geometry. This study begins by outlining the fundamental concepts of modular forms and their historical development, followed by a detailed examination of their applications in cryptographic protocols such as elliptic curve cryptography and zero-knowledge proofs. By employing techniques from analytic number theory, the research delves into how modular forms can enhance the efficiency and security of cryptographic algorithms. The findings suggest that leveraging modular forms not only improves computational performance but also fortifies security measures against emerging threats in digital communication. This work aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on integrating advanced mathematical theories into practical applications, ultimately fostering innovation in cryptographic methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20forms" title="modular forms">modular forms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title=" cryptography"> cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20curves" title=" elliptic curves"> elliptic curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applications" title=" applications"> applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20theory" title=" mathematical theory"> mathematical theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192634/exploring-the-applications-of-modular-forms-in-cryptography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14246</span> Ranking Theory-The Paradigm Shift in Statistical Approach to the Issue of Ranking in a Sports League</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Gouya%20Bozorg">E. Gouya Bozorg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of ranking of sports teams, in particular soccer teams is of primary importance in the professional sports. However, it is still based on classical statistics and models outside of area of mathematics. Rigorous mathematics and then statistics despite the expectation held of them have not been able to effectively engage in the issue of ranking. It is something that requires serious pathology. The purpose of this study is to change the approach to get closer to mathematics proper for using in the ranking. We recommend using theoretical mathematics as a good option because it can hermeneutically obtain the theoretical concepts and criteria needful for the ranking from everyday language of a League. We have proposed a framework that puts the issue of ranking into a new space that we have applied in soccer as a case study. This is an experimental and theoretical study on the issue of ranking in a professional soccer league based on theoretical mathematics, followed by theoretical statistics. First, we showed the theoretical definition of constant number Є = 1.33 or ‘golden number’ of a soccer league. Then, we have defined the ‘efficiency of a team’ by this number and formula of μ = (Pts / (k.Є)) – 1, in which Pts is a point obtained by a team in k number of games played. Moreover, K.Є index has been used to show the theoretical median line in the league table and to compare top teams and bottom teams. Theoretical coefficient of σ= 1 / (1+ (Ptx / Ptxn)) has also been defined that in every match between the teams x, xn, with respect to the ability of a team and the points of both of them Ptx, Ptxn, and it gives a performance point resulting in a special ranking for the League. And it has been useful particularly in evaluating the performance of weaker teams. The current theory has been examined for the statistical data of 4 major European Leagues during the period of 1998-2014. Results of this study showed that the issue of ranking is dependent on appropriate theoretical indicators of a League. These indicators allowed us to find different forms of ranking of teams in a league including the ‘special table’ of a league. Furthermore, on this basis the issue of a record of team has been revised and amended. In addition, the theory of ranking can be used to compare and classify the different leagues and tournaments. Experimental results obtained from archival statistics of major professional leagues in the world in the past two decades have confirmed the theory. This topic introduces a new theory for ranking of a soccer league. Moreover, this theory can be used to compare different leagues and tournaments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20of%20a%20team" title="efficiency of a team">efficiency of a team</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20table" title=" special table"> special table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20mathematic" title=" theoretical mathematic "> theoretical mathematic </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33077/ranking-theory-the-paradigm-shift-in-statistical-approach-to-the-issue-of-ranking-in-a-sports-league" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14245</span> Conditions on Expressing a Matrix as a Sum of α-Involutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ric%20Joseph%20R.%20Murillo">Ric Joseph R. Murillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edna%20N.%20Gueco"> Edna N. Gueco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dennis%20I.%20Merino"> Dennis I. Merino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let F be C or R, where C and R are the set of complex numbers and real numbers, respectively, and n be a natural number. An n-by-n matrix A over the field F is called an α-involutory matrix or an α-involution if there exists an α in the field such that the square of the matrix is equal to αI, where I is the n-by-n identity matrix. If α is a complex number or a nonnegative real number, then an n-by-n matrix A over the field F can be written as a sum of n-by-n α-involutory matrices over the field F if and only if the trace of that matrix is an integral multiple of the square root of α. Meanwhile, if α is a negative real number, then a 2n-by-2n matrix A over R can be written as a sum of 2n-by-2n α-involutory matrices over R if and only the trace of the matrix is zero. Some other properties of α-involutory matrices are also determined <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-involutory%20Matrices" title="α-involutory Matrices">α-involutory Matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sum%20of%20%CE%B1-involutory%20Matrices" title=" sum of α-involutory Matrices"> sum of α-involutory Matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trace" title=" Trace"> Trace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matrix%20Theory" title=" Matrix Theory"> Matrix Theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95131/conditions-on-expressing-a-matrix-as-a-sum-of-a-involutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14244</span> Modern Nahwu's View about the Theory of Amil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kisno%20Umbar">Kisno Umbar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arabic grammar (nahwu) is one of the most important disciplines to learn about the Islamic literature (kitab al-turats). In the last century, learning Arabic grammar was difficult for both the Arabian or non-Arabian native. Most of the traditional nahwu scholars viewed that the theory of amil is a major problem. The views had influenced large number of modern nahwu scholars, and some of them refuse the theory of amil to simplify Arabic grammar to make it easier. The aim of the study is to compare many views of the modern nahwu scholars about the theory of amil including their reasons. In addition, the study is to reveal whether they follow classic scholars or give a view. The author uses literature study approach to get data of modern nahwu scholars from their books as a primary resource. As a secondary resource, the author uses the updated relevant researches from journals about the theory of amil. Besides, the author put on several resources from the traditional nahwu scholars to compare the views. The analysis showed the contrasting views about the theory of amil. Most of the scholars refuse the amil because it isn’t originally derived from Arabic tradition, but it is influenced by Aristotelian philosophy. The others persistently use the amil inasmuch as it is one of the characteristics that differ Arabic language and other languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20grammar" title="Arabic grammar">Arabic grammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amil" title=" Amil"> Amil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20tradition" title=" Arabic tradition"> Arabic tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aristotelian%20philosophy" title=" Aristotelian philosophy"> Aristotelian philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99121/modern-nahwus-view-about-the-theory-of-amil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14243</span> Analysis of Preferences in Decision Making in a Bilateral Negotiation Context: An Experimental Approach from Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20V.%20Gonzalez">Laura V. Gonzalez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20B.%20Duarte"> Juan B. Duarte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20A.%20Palacio"> Luis A. Palacio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decision making can be conditioned by factors such as the environments, circumstances, behavioral biases, emotions, beliefs and preferences of the participants. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect ‘amount of information’ and ‘number of options’, on the behavior of competitors under a bilateral negotiation context. For the above, it has been designed an experiment as a classroom game where they negotiate goods, under the condition that none of the players knows exactly the real value of the asset. The game is designed under the concept of zero-sum (non-cooperative game) and focuses on the fact that agents must anticipate the strategies of their opponent to improve their chances of winning in the negotiation. The empirical results show that, contrary to the traditional view of expected utility theory, players prefer to obtain low profits and losses, when faced with a higher expectation of losses, using sub-optimal strategies not in accordance with game theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20negotiation" title="bilateral negotiation">bilateral negotiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom%20game" title=" classroom game"> classroom game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87095/analysis-of-preferences-in-decision-making-in-a-bilateral-negotiation-context-an-experimental-approach-from-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14242</span> From Theory to Practice: Teaching Rhetorical Theory for Effective Argumentative Essay Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ahmadi">Mohammad Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Argumentative writing is a highly opinion-based form of discourse that necessitates the ability to address commonly held opinions (endoxa). To enhance the development of persuasive, argumentative essays, the incorporation of classical rhetorical theory, with a specific focus on topics related to the canon of Invention (inventio), can be advantageous. This research investigates the practical application of rhetorical theory in teaching students how to construct compelling argumentative essays. The fundamental premise of this study is the limited familiarity of rhetoric and composition students with rhetorical theory. Consequently, this paper presents an effective pedagogical approach to introduce rhetorical theory to students, beginning from a foundational level. It delineates the procedures and progression that educators should adopt to elucidate and facilitate students' comprehension of rhetorical theory while demonstrating its utilization in the writing of an argumentative essay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=argumentative%20essay" title="argumentative essay">argumentative essay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhetorical%20theory" title=" rhetorical theory"> rhetorical theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invention" title=" invention"> invention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169199/from-theory-to-practice-teaching-rhetorical-theory-for-effective-argumentative-essay-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14241</span> Research on Urban Design Method of Ancient City Guided by Catalyst Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhiwei">Wang Zhiwei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Weiwu"> Wang Weiwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of urbanization in China has entered a critical period of transformation from urban expansion and construction to delicate urban design, thus forming a new direction in the field of urban design. So far, catalyst theory has become a prominent guiding strategy in urban planning and design. In this paper, under the background of urban renewal, catalyst theory is taken as the guiding ideology to explore the method of urban design in shouxian county. Firstly, this study briefly introduces and analyzes the catalyst theory. Through field investigation, it is found that the city has a large number of idle Spaces, such as abandoned factories and schools. In the design, the idle Spaces in the county town are utilized and interlinked in space, and functional interaction is carried out from the pattern of the county town. On the one hand, the results showed that the catalyst theory can enhance the vitality of the linear street space with a small amount of monomer construction. On the other hand, the city can also increase the cultural and economic sites of the city without damaging the historical relics and the sense of alterations of the ancient city, to improve the quality of life and quality of life of citizens. The city micro-transformation represented by catalyst theory can help ancient cities like shouxian to realize the activation of the old city and realize the gradual development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalytic%20theory" title="catalytic theory">catalytic theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China%27s%20ancient%20city" title=" China's ancient city"> China's ancient city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renaissance" title=" Renaissance"> Renaissance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112733/research-on-urban-design-method-of-ancient-city-guided-by-catalyst-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14240</span> Solution of Insurance Pricing Model Giving Optimum Premium Level for Both Insured and Insurer by Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betul%20Zehra%20Karagul">Betul Zehra Karagul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A game consists of strategies that each actor has in his/her own choice strategies, and a game regulates the certain rules in the strategies that the actors choose, express how they evaluate their knowledge and the utility of output results. Game theory examines the human behaviors (preferences) of strategic situations in which each actor of a game regards the action that others will make in spite of his own moves. There is a balance between each player playing a game with the final number of players and the player with a certain probability of choosing the players, and this is called Nash equilibrium. The insurance is a two-person game where the insurer and insured are the actors. Both sides have the right to act in favor of utility functions. The insured has to pay a premium to buy the insurance cover. The insured will want to pay a low premium while the insurer is willing to get a high premium. In this study, the state of equilibrium for insurance pricing was examined in terms of the insurer and insured with game theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title="game theory">game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20pricing" title=" insurance pricing"> insurance pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nash%20equilibrium" title=" Nash equilibrium"> Nash equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility%20function" title=" utility function"> utility function</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83295/solution-of-insurance-pricing-model-giving-optimum-premium-level-for-both-insured-and-insurer-by-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14239</span> A Study on Game Theory Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shoukath%20Ali">M. Shoukath Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Prasad%20Singh"> Rajendra Prasad Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Game Theory approaches and their application in improving the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are discussed in this paper. The mathematical modeling and analysis of WSNs may have low success rate due to the complexity of topology, modeling, link quality, etc. However, Game Theory is a field, which can efficiently use to analyze the WSNs. Game Theory is related to applied mathematics that describes and analyzes interactive decision situations. Game theory has the ability to model independent, individual decision makers whose actions affect the surrounding decision makers. The outcome of complex interactions among rational entities can be predicted by a set of analytical tools. However, the rationality demands a stringent observance to a strategy based on measured of perceived results. Researchers are adopting game theory approaches to model and analyze leading wireless communication networking issues, which includes QoS, power control, resource sharing, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title="wireless sensor network">wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20game%20theory" title=" cooperative game theory"> cooperative game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-cooperative%20game%20theory" title=" non-cooperative game theory"> non-cooperative game theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67173/a-study-on-game-theory-approaches-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14238</span> The Analogue of a Property of Pisot Numbers in Fields of Formal Power Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiem%20Gadri">Wiem Gadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study delves into the intriguing properties of Pisot and Salem numbers within the framework of formal Laurent series over finite fields, a domain where these numbers’ spectral charac-teristics, Λm(β) and lm(β), have yet to be fully explored. Utilizing a methodological approach that combines algebraic number theory with the analysis of power series, we extend the foundational work of Erdos, Joo, and Komornik to this new setting. Our research uncovers bounds for lm(β), revealing how these depend on the degree of the minimal polynomial of β and thus offering a novel characterization of Pisot and Salem formal power series. The findings significantly contribute to our understanding of these numbers, highlighting their distribution and properties in the context of formal power series. This investigation not only bridges number theory with formal power series analysis but also sets the stage for further interdisciplinary research in these areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisot%20numbers" title="Pisot numbers">Pisot numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20numbers" title=" Salem numbers"> Salem numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20power%20series" title=" formal power series"> formal power series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over%20a%20finite%20field" title=" over a finite field"> over a finite field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147057/the-analogue-of-a-property-of-pisot-numbers-in-fields-of-formal-power-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14237</span> The Grand Unified Theory of Everything as a Generalization to the Standard Model Called as the General Standard Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Deljoo">Amir Deljoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The endeavor to comprehend the existence have been the center of thought for human in form of different disciplines and now basically in physics as the theory of everything. Here, after a brief review of the basic frameworks of thought, and a history of thought since ancient up to present, a logical methodology is presented based on a core axiom after which a function, a proto-field and then a coordinates are explained. Afterwards a generalization to Standard Model is proposed as General Standard Model which is believed to be the base of the Unified Theory of Everything. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20relativity" title="general relativity">general relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grand%20unified%20theory" title=" grand unified theory"> grand unified theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20model" title=" standard model"> standard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20everything" title=" theory of everything"> theory of everything</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156078/the-grand-unified-theory-of-everything-as-a-generalization-to-the-standard-model-called-as-the-general-standard-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14236</span> Sensitivity Analysis in Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Nasseri">S. H. Nasseri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ebrahimnejad"> A. Ebrahimnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fuzzy set theory has been applied to many fields, such as operations research, control theory, and management sciences. In this paper, we consider two classes of fuzzy linear programming (FLP) problems: Fuzzy number linear programming and linear programming with trapezoidal fuzzy variables problems. We state our recently established results and develop fuzzy primal simplex algorithms for solving these problems. Finally, we give illustrative examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20linear%20programming" title="fuzzy linear programming">fuzzy linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20numbers" title=" fuzzy numbers"> fuzzy numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duality" title=" duality"> duality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16916/sensitivity-analysis-in-fuzzy-linear-programming-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14235</span> Identifying Chaotic Architecture: Origins of Nonlinear Design Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammadsadegh%20Zanganehfar">Mohammadsadegh Zanganehfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the modernism, movement, and appearance of modern architecture, an aggressive desire for a general design theory in the theoretical works of architects in the form of books and essays emerges. Since Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown’s published complexity and contradiction in architecture in 1966, the discourse of complexity and volumetric composition has been an important and controversial issue in the discipline. Ever since various theories and essays were involved in this discourse, this paper attempt to identify chaos theory as a scientific model of complexity and its relation to architecture design theory by conducting a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary critical approach through architecture and basic sciences resources. As a result, we identify chaotic architecture as the correlation of chaos theory and architecture as an independent nonlinear design theory with specific characteristics and properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20complexity" title="architecture complexity">architecture complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos%20theory" title=" chaos theory"> chaos theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractals" title=" fractals"> fractals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20dynamic%20systems" title=" nonlinear dynamic systems"> nonlinear dynamic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20ontology" title=" nonlinear ontology"> nonlinear ontology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138823/identifying-chaotic-architecture-origins-of-nonlinear-design-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14234</span> Internet Shopping: A Study Based On Hedonic Value and Flow Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Lai%20To">Pui-Lai To</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-Ping%20Sung"> E-Ping Sung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the flourishing development of online shopping, an increasing number of customers see online shopping as an entertaining experience. Because the online consumer has a double identity as a shopper and an Internet user, online shopping should offer hedonic values of shopping and Internet usage. The purpose of this study is to investigate hedonic online shopping motivations from the perspectives of traditional hedonic value and flow theory. The study adopted a focus group interview method, including two online and two offline interviews. Four focus groups of shoppers consisted of online professionals, online college students, offline professionals and offline college students. The results of the study indicate that traditional hedonic values and dimensions of flow theory exist in the online shopping environment. The study indicated that online shoppers seem to appreciate being able to learn things and grow to become competitive achievers online. Comparisons of online hedonic motivations between groups are conducted. This study serves as a basis for the future growth of Internet marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20theory" title="flow theory">flow theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hedonic%20motivation" title=" hedonic motivation"> hedonic motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20shopping" title=" internet shopping"> internet shopping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29860/internet-shopping-a-study-based-on-hedonic-value-and-flow-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14233</span> The Appropriate Number of Test Items That a Classroom-Based Reading Assessment Should Include: A Generalizability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui-Teng%20Liao">Jui-Teng Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The selected-response (SR) format has been commonly adopted to assess academic reading in both formal and informal testing (i.e., standardized assessment and classroom assessment) because of its strengths in content validity, construct validity, as well as scoring objectivity and efficiency. When developing a second language (L2) reading test, researchers indicate that the longer the test (e.g., more test items) is, the higher reliability and validity the test is likely to produce. However, previous studies have not provided specific guidelines regarding the optimal length of a test or the most suitable number of test items or reading passages. Additionally, reading tests often include different question types (e.g., factual, vocabulary, inferential) that require varying degrees of reading comprehension and cognitive processes. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of question types on the number of items in relation to the score reliability of L2 reading tests. Given the popularity of the SR question format and its impact on assessment results on teaching and learning, it is necessary to investigate the degree to which such a question format can reliably measure learners’ L2 reading comprehension. The present study, therefore, adopted the generalizability (G) theory to investigate the score reliability of the SR format in L2 reading tests focusing on how many test items a reading test should include. Specifically, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between question types and the number of items, providing insights into the appropriate item count for different types of questions. G theory is a comprehensive statistical framework used for estimating the score reliability of tests and validating their results. Data were collected from 108 English as a second language student who completed an English reading test comprising factual, vocabulary, and inferential questions in the SR format. The computer program mGENOVA was utilized to analyze the data using multivariate designs (i.e., scenarios). Based on the results of G theory analyses, the findings indicated that the number of test items had a critical impact on the score reliability of an L2 reading test. Furthermore, the findings revealed that different types of reading questions required varying numbers of test items for reliable assessment of learners’ L2 reading proficiency. Further implications for teaching practice and classroom-based assessments are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language%20reading%20assessment" title="second language reading assessment">second language reading assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20and%20reliability" title=" validity and reliability"> validity and reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Generalizability%20theory" title=" Generalizability theory"> Generalizability theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Academic%20reading" title=" Academic reading"> Academic reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Question%20format" title=" Question format"> Question format</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168914/the-appropriate-number-of-test-items-that-a-classroom-based-reading-assessment-should-include-a-generalizability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14232</span> Correlation between Potential Intelligence Explanatory Study in the Perspective of Multiple Intelligence Theory by Using Dermatoglyphics and Culture Approaches </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efnie%20Indrianie">Efnie Indrianie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potential Intelligence constitutes one essential factor in every individual. This intelligence can be a provision for the development of Performance Intelligence if it is supported by surrounding environment. Fingerprint analysis is a method in recognizing this Potential Intelligence. This method is grounded on pattern and number of finger print outlines that are assumed symmetrical with the number of nerves in our brain, in which these areas have their own function among another. These brain’s functions are later being transposed into intelligence components in accordance with the Multiple Intelligences theory. This research tested the correlation between Potential Intelligence and the components of its Performance Intelligence. Statistical test results that used Pearson correlation showed that five components of Potential Intelligence correlated with Performance Intelligence. Those five components are Logic-Math, Logic, Linguistic, Music, Kinesthetic, and Intrapersonal. Also, this research indicated that cultural factor had a big role in shaping intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20intelligence" title="potential intelligence">potential intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20intelligence" title=" performance intelligence"> performance intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20intelligences" title=" multiple intelligences"> multiple intelligences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingerprint" title=" fingerprint"> fingerprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9449/correlation-between-potential-intelligence-explanatory-study-in-the-perspective-of-multiple-intelligence-theory-by-using-dermatoglyphics-and-culture-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14231</span> Embodied Cognition and Its Implications in Education: An Overview of Recent Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Kosmas">Panagiotis Kosmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panayiotis%20Zaphiris"> Panayiotis Zaphiris </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embodied Cognition (EC) as a learning paradigm is based on the idea of an inseparable link between body, mind, and environment. In recent years, the advent of theoretical learning approaches around EC theory has resulted in a number of empirical studies exploring the implementation of the theory in education. This systematic literature overview identifies the mainstream of EC research and emphasizes on the implementation of the theory across learning environments. Based on a corpus of 43 manuscripts, published between 2013 and 2017, it sets out to describe the range of topics covered under the umbrella of EC and provides a holistic view of the field. The aim of the present review is to investigate the main issues in EC research related to the various learning contexts. Particularly, the study addresses the research methods and technologies that are utilized, and it also explores the integration of body into the learning context. An important finding from the overview is the potential of the theory in different educational environments and disciplines. However, there is a lack of an explicit pedagogical framework from an educational perspective for a successful implementation in various learning contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20cognition" title="embodied cognition">embodied cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20learning" title=" embodied learning"> embodied learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93170/embodied-cognition-and-its-implications-in-education-an-overview-of-recent-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14230</span> Inverse Matrix in the Theory of Dynamical Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renata%20Masarova">Renata Masarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohuslava%20Juhasova"> Bohuslava Juhasova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Juhas"> Martin Juhas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuzana%20Sutova"> Zuzana Sutova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In dynamic system theory a mathematical model is often used to describe their properties. In order to find a transfer matrix of a dynamic system we need to calculate an inverse matrix. The paper contains the fusion of the classical theory and the procedures used in the theory of automated control for calculating the inverse matrix. The final part of the paper models the given problem by the Matlab. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20system" title="dynamic system">dynamic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20matrix" title=" transfer matrix"> transfer matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20matrix" title=" inverse matrix"> inverse matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling "> modeling </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22680/inverse-matrix-in-the-theory-of-dynamical-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14229</span> Application of Grey Theory in the Forecast of Facility Maintenance Hours for Office Building Tenants and Public Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen%20Chia-Ju">Yen Chia-Ju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Ding-Ruei"> Cheng Ding-Ruei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study took case office building as subject and explored the responsive work order repair request of facilities and equipment in offices and public areas by gray theory, with the purpose of providing for future related office building owners, executive managers, property management companies, mechanical and electrical companies as reference for deciding and assessing forecast model. Important conclusions of this study are summarized as follows according to the study findings: 1. Grey Relational Analysis discusses the importance of facilities repair number of six categories, namely, power systems, building systems, water systems, air conditioning systems, fire systems and manpower dispatch in order. In terms of facilities maintenance importance are power systems, building systems, water systems, air conditioning systems, manpower dispatch and fire systems in order. 2. GM (1,N) and regression method took maintenance hours as dependent variables and repair number, leased area and tenants number as independent variables and conducted single month forecast based on 12 data from January to December 2011. The mean absolute error and average accuracy of GM (1,N) from verification results were 6.41% and 93.59%; the mean absolute error and average accuracy of regression model were 4.66% and 95.34%, indicating that they have highly accurate forecast capability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rey%20theory" title="rey theory">rey theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecast%20model" title=" forecast model"> forecast model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taipei%20101" title=" Taipei 101"> Taipei 101</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20buildings" title=" office buildings"> office buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20management" title=" property management"> property management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities" title=" facilities"> facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equipment" title=" equipment"> equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26043/application-of-grey-theory-in-the-forecast-of-facility-maintenance-hours-for-office-building-tenants-and-public-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20theory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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