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ตราแผ่นดิน - วิกิพีเดีย

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rootpage-ตราแผ่นดิน skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div 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cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;returnto=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์_ตราอาร์ม_และดวงตรา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์_ตราอาร์ม_และดวงตรา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์ ตราอาร์ม และดวงตรา</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์_ตราอาร์ม_และดวงตรา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ตราแผ่นดินแบ่งตามทวีป-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ในทวีปแอฟริกา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ในทวีปแอฟริกา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ในทวีปแอฟริกา</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ในทวีปแอฟริกา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ในทวีปอเมริกา" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ในทวีปอเมริกา"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>ในทวีปอเมริกา</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ในทวีปอเมริกา-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ในทวีปเอเชีย" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ในทวีปเอเชีย"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ในทวีปเอเชีย</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ในทวีปเอเชีย-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ในทวีปยุโรป" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ในทวีปยุโรป"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>ในทวีปยุโรป</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ในทวีปยุโรป-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ในโอเชียเนีย" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ในโอเชียเนีย"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>ในโอเชียเนีย</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ในโอเชียเนีย-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ตราแผ่นดิน</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 17 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoheitszeichen" title="Hoheitszeichen – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hoheitszeichen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2)" title="شعار وطني (رمز) – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعار وطني (رمز)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoheitszeichen" title="Hoheitszeichen – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hoheitszeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="National emblem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblema_nacional" title="Emblema nacional – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emblema nacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="राष्ट्रीय प्रतीक – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रीय प्रतीक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%A0" title="国章 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Елтаңба – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Елтаңба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="សញ្ញាជាតិ – เขมร" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សញ្ញាជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="เขมร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%9E%A5_(%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%A5)" title="국장 (문장) – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국장 (문장)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%C5%82o_pa%C5%84stwowe" title="Godło państwowe – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Godło państwowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitional_emblem" title="Naitional emblem – สกอตส์" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitional emblem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="สกอตส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National emblem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Державна емблема – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Державна емблема" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_huy" title="Quốc huy – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc huy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="国徽 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国徽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="國徽 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國徽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1079693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg/220px-Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg/330px-Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg/440px-Thai_Garuda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>ตัวอย่าง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="ตราแผ่นดินของไทย">ตราแผ่นดินของไทย</a> (ตราพระราชลัญจกรพระครุฑพ่าห์)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Emblem_of_Nepal_(alternative).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/330px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg/440px-Emblem_of_Nepal_%28alternative%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>ตัวอย่าง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="ตราแผ่นดินของเนปาล">ตราแผ่นดินของเนปาล</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ตราแผ่นดิน</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">National emblem</span>) เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ตราสัญลักษณ์">ตราสัญลักษณ์</a>หรือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ดวงตรา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดวงตรา</a>ที่สงวนไว้ใช้สำหรับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="รัฐชาติ">รัฐชาติ</a>หรือ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="รัฐหลายชนชาติ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รัฐหลายชนชาติ</a>เพื่อเป็นสัญลักษณ์ของชาตินั้น ซึ่งหลายประเทศมีดวงตราหรือตราสัญลักษณ์นอกเหนือจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ธงชาติ">ธงชาติ</a> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="สัญลักษณ์ประจำชาติ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สัญลักษณ์ประจำชาติ</a>อย่างอื่น ๆ เช่น นกประจำชาติ ต้นไม้ ดอกไม้ เป็นต้น ซึ่งสามารถดูได้ที่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="รายชื่อสัญลักษณ์ประจำชาติ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">รายชื่อสัญลักษณ์ประจำชาติ</a> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์_ตราอาร์ม_และดวงตรา"><span id=".E0.B8.82.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A7.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.8D.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.93.E0.B9.8C_.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B8.A1_.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B2"></span>ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์ ตราอาร์ม และดวงตรา</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ข้อกำหนดระหว่างตราสัญลักษณ์ ตราอาร์ม และดวงตรา"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>การออกแบบ<i>ตราสัญลักษณ์</i> (emblem) จะแตกต่างออกไปจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="ตราอาร์ม">ตราอาร์ม</a> ซึ่งมักจะเป็นไปตามกฎของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มุทราศาสตร์">มุทราศาสตร์</a> โดยจะมี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="โล่ (มุทราศาสตร์)">โล่ (มุทราศาสตร์)</a> อยู่ตรงกลาง อย่างไรก็ตาม <i>ตราแผ่นดิน</i> (national emblems) ที่ไม่ได้เข้าตามหลักการทุทราศาสตร์จำนวนมากมักจะถูกเรียกขานว่า <i>ตราอาร์มแผ่นดิน</i> (national coats of arms) อยู่ดี เพราะตราเหล่านี้ถูกใช้งานในจุดประสงค์เดียวกันกับ <i>ตราอาร์มแผ่นดิน</i><sup id="cite_ref-Volborthp11_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volborthp11-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>การออกแบบ <i>ตราแผ่นดิน</i> บางครั้งในรูปแบบหนึ่งต่อหนึ่งเป็น <i>ดวงตราแผ่นดิน</i> (national seal) ได้<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>เช่นเดียวกับบาง <i>ตราอาร์มแผ่นดิน</i> เช่น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="มหาลัญจกรของสหรัฐ">มหาลัญจกรของสหรัฐ</a> ซึ่งเป็น <i>ตราอาร์ม</i> บนดวงตรา ส่วนตราอาร์มของประเทศไทยเป็นคนละตรากับตราแผ่นดิน<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ตราอาร์มที่ประกอบด้วยโล่หรือภายในตราอยู่ตรงกลาง (ตราอาร์มของแอนทีกาและบาร์บูดา)"><img alt="ตราอาร์มที่ประกอบด้วยโล่หรือภายในตราอยู่ตรงกลาง (ตราอาร์มของแอนทีกาและบาร์บูดา)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/104px-Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/156px-Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/207px-Coat_of_arms_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ตราอาร์มที่ประกอบด้วย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="โล่ (มุทราศาสตร์)">โล่หรือภายในตรา</a>อยู่ตรงกลาง<br /> (ตราอาร์มของแอนทีกาและบาร์บูดา)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ในทวีปแอฟริกา"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความหลัก: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ตราแผ่นดินในทวีปแอฟริกา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตราแผ่นดินในทวีปแอฟริกา</a></div> <ul class="gallery 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="ตราแผ่นดินของเบลารุส">ตราแผ่นดินของเบลารุส</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ตราแผ่นดินของอิตาลี"><img alt="ตราแผ่นดินของอิตาลี" 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title="ตราแผ่นดินของมาซิโดเนียเหนือ">ตราแผ่นดินของมาซิโดเนียเหนือ</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ในโอเชียเนีย"><span id=".E0.B9.83.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.A2"></span>ในโอเชียเนีย</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ในโอเชียเนีย"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9751016"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความหลัก: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ตราแผ่นดินในโอเชียเนีย">ตราแผ่นดินในโอเชียเนีย</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ตราแผ่นดินของปาปัวนิวกินี"><img alt="ตราแผ่นดินของปาปัวนิวกินี" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/120px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/180px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/240px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="580" 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87_%E0%B9%86" title="ภาพตราแผ่นดินของประเทศต่าง ๆ">ภาพตราแผ่นดินของประเทศต่าง ๆ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Volborthp11-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Volborthp11_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFvon_Volborth1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl-Alexander_von_Volborth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl-Alexander von Volborth (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">von Volborth, Carl-Alexander</a> (1983). <i>Heraldry: Customs, Rules and Styles</i>. Ware, Hertfordshire: Omega Books Ltd. p.&#160;11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0-907853-47-1" title="พิเศษ:แหล่งหนังสือ/0-907853-47-1"><bdi>0-907853-47-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Heraldry%3A+Customs%2C+Rules+and+Styles&amp;rft.place=Ware%2C+Hertfordshire&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.pub=Omega+Books+Ltd.&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=0-907853-47-1&amp;rft.aulast=von+Volborth&amp;rft.aufirst=Carl-Alexander&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_and_emblem_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal and emblem of the United States Department of the Army (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Seal and emblem of the United States Department of the Army</a>: not a <i>national</i> emblem/seal but an example for a emblem <i>and</i> a seal, see also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.army.mil/reference/Heritage/Emblem.htm">Department of the Army Emblem</a>, U.S. Army Center of Military History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.crma.ac.th/arm/OldLogo.asp">"ตราสัญลักษณ์โรงเรียนนายร้อยพระจุลจอมเกล้า"</a>. <i>www2.crma.ac.th</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www2.crma.ac.th&amp;rft.atitle=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.crma.ac.th%2Farm%2FOldLogo.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcot.net/view/4vzhg52O">"รู้จัก... ตราครุฑ สัญลักษณ์ตราแผ่นดินของไทย"</a>. <i>mcot.net</i>. 2023-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=mcot.net&amp;rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81...+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%91+%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2&amp;rft.date=2023-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcot.net%2Fview%2F4vzhg52O&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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