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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Aboriginal Memorial</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Work of contemporary Indigenous Australian art</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width: 22em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">The Aboriginal Memorial</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg/300px-Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg/450px-Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg/600px-Aboriginal_hollow_log_tombs02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee">Artists of <a href="/wiki/Ramingining,_Northern_Territory" title="Ramingining, Northern Territory">Ramingining</a>, central <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1987<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1987</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Sculpture installation: natural pigments on wood</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Aboriginal Memorial</b></i> is a work of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a> from the late 1980s, and comprises 200 decorated <a href="/wiki/Hollow_log_coffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow log coffin">hollow log coffins</a> (also known as memorial poles, dupun, ḻarrakitj and other terms). It was conceived by <a href="/wiki/Djon_Mundine" title="Djon Mundine">Djon (John) Mundine</a> in 1987–88 and realised by 43 artists from <a href="/wiki/Ramingining,_Northern_Territory" title="Ramingining, Northern Territory">Ramingining</a> and neighbouring communities of Central <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. Artists who participated in its creation included <a href="/wiki/David_Malangi" title="David Malangi">David Malangi</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Milpurrurru" title="George Milpurrurru">George Milpurrurru</a>. </p><p>The work was created to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bicentenary" title="Australian Bicentenary">Australian Bicentenary</a> and commemorates those <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> who died as a result of European settlement. It was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a>, where it is on permanent display. Its first exhibition was at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Biennale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Biennale">Sydney Biennale</a> in 1988, and it was the centrepiece of an exhibition of Indigenous art at Russia's <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a> in 2000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation">Creation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988, Australia marked 200 years since its first official white settlement, established by Captain <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Harbour">Sydney Harbour</a> in 1788. While some Indigenous Australians protested the event, and referred to the occasion as <a href="/wiki/Australia_Day#"Invasion_Day"" title="Australia Day">Invasion Day</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Australia_Day" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a>, a group of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal</a> artists from Ramingining in the Northern Territory decided to create an artwork to mark the anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was initiated by <a href="/wiki/Djon_Mundine" title="Djon Mundine">Djon Mundine</a>, an Indigenous art advisor and curator,<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was working at <a href="/wiki/Bula%27Bula_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bula'Bula Arts">Bula'Bula Arts</a><sup id="cite_ref-aboutbb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Ramingining prior to the Bicentenary.<sup id="cite_ref-NGAHistory_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAHistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small group of artists including <a href="/wiki/David_Malangi" title="David Malangi">David Malangi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paddy_Dhathangu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paddy Dhathangu (page does not exist)">Paddy Dhathangu</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Milpurrurru" title="George Milpurrurru">George Milpurrurru</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wululu" title="Jimmy Wululu">Jimmy Wululu</a> decided the form of the project, but ultimately 43 artists from the region contributed pieces to the <i>Memorial</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work takes the form of 200 <a href="/wiki/Hollow_log_coffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow log coffin">hollow log coffins</a>, known as <i>dupun</i>: the number was chosen to mark the years of European settlement. Such coffins are a form of <a href="/wiki/Funerary_art" title="Funerary art">funerary art</a> and are used throughout the Arnhem Land region for reburial ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The items displayed in <i>Aboriginal Memorial</i>, however, were created for the purpose of the artwork and have not at any stage contained human remains, nor been used in reburial ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-NGAIntro_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAIntro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was intended "to commemorate the thousands of Aboriginal people who had perished in the course of European settlement, and for whom it has not been possible to conduct appropriate <a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">mortuary rites</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intention behind the work drew attention in 2005 when Melbourne newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i> ran an editorial asking whether it might be appropriate to commemorate Aboriginal resistance to white settlement at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a>, and to move the <i>Aboriginal Memorial</i> to that location as part of that commemoration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Log coffins are made from trees that have been naturally hollowed out by termites. They are cut, cleaned and then painted with natural pigments during a ceremonial camp.<sup id="cite_ref-NGAIntro_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAIntro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Aboriginal Memorial</i> decorations reflect traditional clan designs and significant <a href="/wiki/Dreaming_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreaming (spirituality)">dreamings</a> for which the artists had responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibition_and_critical_reception">Exhibition and critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exhibition and critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg/220px-Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg/330px-Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg/440px-Aboriginal_Memorial_May_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><i>Aboriginal Memorial</i> in 2018</figcaption></figure><p> The creators of the <i>Aboriginal Memorial</i> always intended that it be publicly displayed,<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1987 the work was offered to the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="National Gallery of Australia">National Gallery of Australia</a>, which helped fund its completion. After being first exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Biennale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Biennale">Sydney Biennale</a> in 1988, it was moved to the National Gallery, its present home.<sup id="cite_ref-NGAHistory_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAHistory-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the <i>Memorial</i> formed the centrepiece of a major exhibition of Australian Indigenous art held in the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Neva_Enfilade_of_the_Winter_Palace" title="Neva Enfilade of the Winter Palace">Nicholas Hall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a> in Russia. The exhibition received a positive reception from Russian critics, one of whom wrote:</p><blockquote><p> This is an exhibition of contemporary art, not in the sense that it was done recently, but in that it is cased in the mentality, technology and philosophy of radical art of the most recent times. No one, other than the Aborigines of Australia, has succeeded in exhibiting such art at the Hermitage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Described as an icon of the National Gallery's collection,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "one of the outstanding works of art to have been created in Australia",<sup id="cite_ref-Caruana226_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the memorial is laid out with a central pathway between the log-coffins representing the passage of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyde_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyde River (page does not exist)">Glyde River</a> through central <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NGAIntro_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAIntro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 2000s, the work was included in the list of the 20 most valuable artworks in the Gallery's collection, and was the only Australian artwork to make that list. At that time, of the 20 most valuable Australian artworks in the collection, it was also the only one by Indigenous artists.<sup id="cite_ref-CM08_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM08-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CM07_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CM07-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sayers" title="Andrew Sayers">Andrew Sayers</a>, former head of Australia's <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(Australia)" title="National Portrait Gallery (Australia)">National Portrait Gallery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Australia" title="National Museum of Australia">National Museum of Australia</a>, described the work as "among the most profound works of art to emerge from the last 20 years".<sup id="cite_ref-Sayers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sayers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 2000s, the work was temporarily withdrawn from display to undergo significant conservation work. Completed in October 2009, the restoration was followed by the work's relocation in 2010 to the entrance area of the new gallery building,<sup id="cite_ref-NGAIndex_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NGAIndex-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it was intended to be the first work seen by visitors to the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Aboriginal Memorial</i> was relocated to level 1 of the NGA in June 2022. The gallery stated that this move placed the work in the "heart of the National Gallery, helping make the most important work in the national collection central to all visitors’ art experience".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Caruana226-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caruana226_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caruana, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutbb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aboutbb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bulabula.com.au/about/">"Ramingining art centre"</a>. <i>Bula'Bula Arts</i>. 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bula%27Bula+Arts&rft.atitle=Ramingining+art+centre&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbulabula.com.au%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGAHistory-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NGAHistory_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NGAHistory_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nga.gov.au/AboriginalMemorial/history.cfm">"The Aboriginal Memorial: History"</a>. National Gallery of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100726134936/http://nga.gov.au/AboriginalMemorial/history.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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National Gallery of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902102622/http://nga.gov.au/AboriginalMemorial/home.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Aboriginal+Memorial%3A+Introduction&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnga.gov.au%2FAboriginalMemorial%2Fhome.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEditorial2005" class="citation news cs1">Editorial (20 June 2005). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2008-09&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft.date=2009&rft.au=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnga.gov.au%2FAboutUs%2FReports%2FNGA_AR_08-09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nga.gov.au/about-us/media/media-releases/2022/the-aboriginal-memorial-moves-to-heart-of-the-national-gallery-of-australia-as-part-of-major-revitalisation-project/">"The Aboriginal Memorial moves to heart of the National Gallery of Australia as part of major revitalisation project"</a>. <i>Media release</i>. National Gallery of Australia. 31 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+release&rft.atitle=The+Aboriginal+Memorial+moves+to+heart+of+the+National+Gallery+of+Australia+as+part+of+major+revitalisation+project&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnga.gov.au%2Fabout-us%2Fmedia%2Fmedia-releases%2F2022%2Fthe-aboriginal-memorial-moves-to-heart-of-the-national-gallery-of-australia-as-part-of-major-revitalisation-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aboriginal_Memorial" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aboriginal Memorial">Aboriginal Memorial</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaruana2003" class="citation book cs1">Caruana, Wally (2003). <i>Aboriginal Art</i> (2nd ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20366-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-20366-8"><bdi>978-0-500-20366-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Art&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-500-20366-8&rft.aulast=Caruana&rft.aufirst=Wally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroft2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Croft" class="mw-redirect" title="Brenda Croft">Croft, Brenda L.</a>, ed. (2007). <i>Culture Warriors: National Indigenous Art Triennial 2007</i>. National Gallery of Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-642-54133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-642-54133-8"><bdi>978-0-642-54133-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+Warriors%3A+National+Indigenous+Art+Triennial+2007&rft.pub=National+Gallery+of+Australia&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-642-54133-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAboriginal+Memorial" class="Z3988"></span> (<a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Art_Triennial" class="mw-redirect" title="National Indigenous Art Triennial">National Indigenous Art Triennial</a> catalogue by curator)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&oldid=1242287254">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aboriginal_Memorial&oldid=1242287254</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1988_sculptures" title="Category:1988 sculptures">1988 sculptures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_art" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal art">Australian Aboriginal art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_artist_groups_and_collectives" title="Category:Australian artist groups and collectives">Australian artist groups and collectives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Collection_of_the_National_Gallery_of_Australia" title="Category:Collection of the National Gallery of Australia">Collection of the National Gallery of Australia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Australian_English_from_October_2018" title="Category:Use Australian English from October 2018">Use Australian English from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Australian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2018">Use dmy dates from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 August 2024, at 00:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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