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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>New media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Independent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_rise_of_reviews_on_video-oriented_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_rise_of_reviews_on_video-oriented_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>The rise of reviews on video-oriented sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_rise_of_reviews_on_video-oriented_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ethics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ethics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conflicts_of_interest_and_pressure_from_game_publishers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_of_interest_and_pressure_from_game_publishers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Conflicts of interest and pressure from game publishers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_of_interest_and_pressure_from_game_publishers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Review_scores_and_aggregate_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Review_scores_and_aggregate_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Review scores and aggregate ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Review_scores_and_aggregate_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumors,_confidential_information,_and_blacklisting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumors,_confidential_information,_and_blacklisting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rumors, confidential information, and blacklisting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumors,_confidential_information,_and_blacklisting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Games_Journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Games_Journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>New Games Journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Games_Journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retro_game_reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retro_game_reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retro game reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retro_game_reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Video game journalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerspielejournalismus" title="Computerspielejournalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computerspielejournalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismo_de_videojuegos" title="Periodismo de videojuegos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periodismo de videojuegos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="روزنامه‌نگاری بازی‌های ویدئویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روزنامه‌نگاری بازی‌های ویدئویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dia_vid%C3%A9oludique" title="Média vidéoludique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Média vidéoludique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84_%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="비디오 게임 저널리즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비디오 게임 저널리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9F%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ვიდეო თამაშების ჟურნალისტიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიდეო თამაშების ჟურნალისტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%87%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="ビデオゲームジャーナリズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビデオゲームジャーナリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornalismo_de_jogos_eletr%C3%B4nicos" title="Jornalismo de jogos eletrônicos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornalismo de jogos eletrônicos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Video game journalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorspelstidning" title="Datorspelstidning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorspelstidning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1" title="นิตยสารวิดีโอเกม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิตยสารวิดีโอเกม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_oyunu_habercili%C4%9Fi" title="Video oyunu haberciliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Video oyunu haberciliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Відеоігрова журналістика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відеоігрова журналістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="ویڈیو گیم صحافت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویڈیو گیم صحافت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1122591#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Journalism genre that reports on video games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Video game publication" redirects here. 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/16px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/24px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, 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sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Video_games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/60px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/90px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/120px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game#Platform" title="Video game">Platforms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">Arcade video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Console game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld console</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_game" title="Electronic game">Electronic game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_game" title="Audio game">Audio game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_electronic_game" title="Handheld electronic game">Electronic handheld</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">Online game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">Browser game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-network_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-network game">Social-network game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile gaming">Mobile game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC_game" title="PC game">PC game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux gaming">Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_gaming" title="Mac gaming">Mac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_games" title="Lists of video games">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arcade_video_games" title="List of arcade video games">Arcade games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game#Highest-grossing" title="Arcade video game">highest-grossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_games" title="List of best-selling video games">Best-selling games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_video_game_franchises" title="List of best-selling video game franchises">franchises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-running_video_game_franchises" title="List of longest-running video game franchises">Longest-running franchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count" title="List of most-played mobile games by player count">Most-played mobile games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_considered_the_best" title="List of video games considered the best">Games considered the best</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_of_the_Year_awards" title="List of Game of the Year awards">Game of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_soundtracks_considered_the_best" title="List of video game soundtracks considered the best">soundtracks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_notable_for_negative_reception" title="List of video games notable for negative reception">Negative reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cancelled_video_games" title="Lists of cancelled video games">Cancelled games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">Development</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">Producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design#Game_designer" title="Video game design">Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_art_design#Video_game_artist" title="Game art design">Artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)#Level_design" title="Level (video games)">Level design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programming" title="Video game programming">Programming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_video_games" title="Artificial intelligence in video games">AI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_graphics" title="Video game graphics">Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_testing" title="Game testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_games" title="Template:Video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_games" title="Template talk:Video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Video game journalism</b> (or <b>video game criticism</b>) is a specialized branch of <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> that covers various aspects of <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, including game reviews, industry news, and player culture, typically following a core "reveal–preview–review" cycle. Originating in the 1970s with print-based magazines and <a href="/wiki/Trade_publication" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade publication">trade publications</a>, video game journalism evolved alongside the video game industry itself, shifting from niche columns in general entertainment and computing magazines to dedicated publications. Major early contributors to the field included magazines like <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Famitsu" title="Famitsu">Famitsu</a></i>, which set the stage for more comprehensive consumer-focused coverage. With the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>, video game journalism expanded to web-based outlets and video platforms, where independent <a href="/wiki/Online_publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Online publications">online publications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogs">blogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> channels, and <a href="/wiki/ESports" class="mw-redirect" title="ESports">eSports</a> coverage gained significant influence. </p><p>Throughout its history, video game journalism has grappled with ethical concerns, especially around conflicts of interest due to advertising pressures and publisher relationships. These issues have led to both controversies, such as the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate incident</a>, and increased transparency measures. Additionally, new approaches to gaming criticism, like <a href="/wiki/New_Games_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Games Journalism">New Games Journalism</a>, emphasize personal experiences and cultural context, while review aggregation sites such as <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> have become influential benchmarks for assessing a game’s success. The rise of video-oriented platforms has also shifted the influence from traditional game journalists to independent creators, underscoring the dynamic nature of video game journalism in the digital age. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print-based">Print-based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Print-based"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first magazine to cover the <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a> industry was the subscription-only <a href="/wiki/Trade_magazine" title="Trade magazine">trade periodical</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Play_Meter" title="Play Meter">Play Meter</a></i> magazine, which began publication in 1974 and covered the entire coin-operated entertainment industry (including the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consumer-oriented video game journalism began during the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">golden age of arcade video games</a>, soon after the success of 1978 hit <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i>, leading to hundreds of favourable articles and stories about the emerging video game medium being aired on television and printed in newspapers and magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-eg_2_36_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eg_2_36-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, the first regular consumer-oriented column about video games, "<a href="/wiki/Arcade_Alley" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade Alley">Arcade Alley</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Video_(magazine)" title="Video (magazine)">Video</a></i> magazine, began in 1979 and was penned by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kunkel_(gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Kunkel (gaming)">Bill Kunkel</a> along with Arnie Katz and Joyce Worley.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_kunkel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_kunkel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 1970s also marked the first coverage of video games in Japan, with columns appearing in <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-gifford_mag_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gifford_mag-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest journals exclusively covering video games emerged in late 1981, but early column-based coverage continued to flourish in North America and Japan with prominent examples like <a href="/wiki/Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">video game designer</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuji_Horii" title="Yuji Horii">Yuji Horii</a>'s early 1980s column in <i><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Sh%C5%8Dnen_Jump" title="Weekly Shōnen Jump">Weekly Shōnen Jump</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rawson_Stovall" title="Rawson Stovall">Rawson Stovall</a>'s nationally syndicated column, "The Vid Kid" running weekly ran from 1982 to 1992. </p><p>The first consumer-oriented print magazine dedicated solely to video gaming was <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer and Video Games (magazine)">Computer and Video Games</a></i>, which premiered in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">U.K.</a> in November 1981. This was two weeks ahead of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> launch of the next oldest video gaming publication, <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i> magazine, founded by "Arcade Alley" writers Bill Kunkel and Arnie Katz.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_kunkel_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired_kunkel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the oldest video game publications still in circulation are <i><a href="/wiki/Famitsu" title="Famitsu">Famitsu</a></i>, founded in 1986, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Games_Machine_(Italy)" title="The Games Machine (Italy)">The Games Machine (Italy)</a></i>, founded in 1988. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a> badly hurt the market for video game magazines in North America. <i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i> (CGW) reported in a 1987 article that there were eighteen color magazines covering computer games before the crash but by 1984 CGW was the only surviving magazine in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-sipe198712_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sipe198712-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expanding on this in a discussion about the launch of the <a href="/wiki/NES" class="mw-redirect" title="NES">NES</a> in North America, Nintendo of America's <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">PR runner</a> Gail Tilden noted that "I don't know that we got any coverage at that time that we didn't pay for".<sup id="cite_ref-Gamasutra_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video game journalism in Japan experienced less disruption as the first magazines entirely dedicated to video games began appearing in 1982, beginning with <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">LOGiN</a></i>, followed by several <a href="/wiki/SoftBank" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftBank">SoftBank</a> publications and <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Comptiq" title="Comptiq">Comptiq</a></i>. The first magazine dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">console games</a>, or a specific <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Tokuma_Shoten" title="Tokuma Shoten">Tokuma Shoten</a>'s <i><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BFMagazine" class="extiw" title="ja:ファミリーコンピュータMagazine">Family Computer Magazine</a></i> (also known as <i>Famimaga</i>), which began in 1985 and was focused on <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Family Computer</a>. This magazine later spawned famous imitators such as <i><a href="/wiki/Famits%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Famitsū">Famitsū</a></i> (originally named <i>Famicom Tsūshin</i>) in 1986 and <i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-gifford_mag_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gifford_mag-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Famimaga</i> had a circulation of 600,000 copies per issue by December 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-Game-Machine_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game-Machine-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> increasing to <span class="nowrap">1 million</span> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1992, British video game magazines had a circulation of <span class="nowrap">1 million</span> copies per month in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early 1990s, the practice of video game journalism began to spread east from Europe and west of Japan alongside the emergence of video game markets in countries like China and Russia. Russia's first consumer-oriented gaming magazine, <i><a href="/wiki/Velikij_Drakon" class="mw-redirect" title="Velikij Drakon">Velikij Drakon</a></i>, was launched in 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and China's first consumer-oriented gaming magazines, <i><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A0nz%C7%90_Y%C3%B3ux%C3%AC_Ru%C7%8Enji%C3%A0n" title="Diànzǐ Yóuxì Ruǎnjiàn">Diànzǐ Yóuxì Ruǎnjiàn</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Play_(PRC_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Play (PRC magazine)">Play</a></i>, launched in mid-1994.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Features">Features</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often, game reviews would be accompanied by awards, such as the <a href="/wiki/C%2BVG" class="mw-redirect" title="C+VG">C+VG</a> Hit, the <a href="/wiki/Your_Sinclair" title="Your Sinclair">YS</a> Megagame or the <a href="/wiki/Zzap!64" title="Zzap!64">Zzap!64</a> Gold Medal, awarded usually to titles with a score above 90%. Other features would be gameplay hints/tips/cheats, a letters page, and competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web-based">Web-based</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Web-based"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are conflicting claims regarding which of the first two electronic video game magazines was the "first to be published regularly" online. Originally starting as a print <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzine</a> in April 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-GZMagPrint1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GZMagPrint1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Game Zero magazine,</i> claims to have launched a web page in November 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-GZMagWWWUsenet1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GZMagWWWUsenet1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the earliest formal announcement of the page occurring in April 1995. Game Zero's web site was based upon a printed bi-monthly magazine based in Central <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> with a circulation of 1500 that developed into a CD-ROM based magazine with a circulation of 150,000 at its peak. The website was updated weekly during its active period from 1994–1996. </p><p>Another publication, <i>Intelligent Gamer Online</i> ("IG Online"), debuted a complete web site in April 1995, commencing regular updates to the site on a daily basis despite its "bi-weekly" name.<sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionPrint1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionPrint1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intelligent Gamer had been publishing online for years prior to the popularization of the web, originally having been based upon a downloadable "Intelligent Gamer" publication developed by Joe Barlow and Jeremy Horwitz in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionOnline1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionOnline1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This evolved further under Horwitz and Usenet-based publisher Anthony Shubert<sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionUsenet1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionUsenet1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into "Intelligent Gamer Online" interactive online mini-sites for America Online (AOL) and the Los Angeles Times' TimesLink/Prodigy online services in late 1994 and early 1995. At the time, it was called "the first national videogame magazine found only online".<sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionTimeslink1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionTimeslink1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Game Zero Magazine</i> ceased active publication at the end of 1996 and is maintained as an archive site. Efforts by Horwitz and Shubert, backed by a strong library of built up web content eventually allowed IG Online to be acquired by Sendai Publishing and <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziff Davis Media">Ziff Davis Media</a>, the publishers of then-leading United States print publication Electronic Gaming Monthly who transformed the publication into a separate print property in February 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionPrint2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionPrint2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionPrint3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionPrint3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGFusionPrint4_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGFusionPrint4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_media">New media</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Future_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Future Publishing">Future Publishing</a> exemplifies the old media's decline in the games sector. In 2003 the group saw multi-million <a href="/wiki/Great_British_Pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Great British Pound">GBP</a> profits and strong growth,<sup id="cite_ref-futuregood_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futuregood-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by early 2006 were issuing profit warnings<sup id="cite_ref-futurebad-profit_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futurebad-profit-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and closing unprofitable magazines (none related to gaming).<sup id="cite_ref-futurebad-closures_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-futurebad-closures-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in late November 2006, the publisher reported both a pre-tax loss of £49 million ($96 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Dollar">USD</a>) and the sale—in order to reduce its level of bank debt—of Italian subsidiary Future Media Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-future-49m-loss_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-future-49m-loss-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-2006 <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>'s business development manager Pat Garratt wrote a criticism of those in print games journalism who had not adapted to the web, drawing on his own prior experience in print to offer an explanation of both the challenges facing companies like Future Publishing and why he believed they had not overcome them.<sup id="cite_ref-papertrails_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papertrails-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the rise of eSport popularity, traditional sport reporting websites such ESPN and Yahoo launched their own eSport dedicated sections in early 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This move came with controversy, especially in the case of ESPN whose president, John Skipper, stated eSports were a competition instead of a sport.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The response to the shift was either great interest or great distaste.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as of January 2017, ESPN and Yahoo continue their online coverage of eSports. Yahoo eSports ended on June 21, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo</a>, other contemporary eSport dedicated news sites, like The Score Esports or Dot Esports, cover some of the most widely followed games like <i>Counter-Strike</i>, <i>League of Legends</i>, and <i>Dota 2</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent">Independent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While self-made print <a href="/wiki/Video_game_fanzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game fanzine">fanzines about games</a> have been around since the first home consoles, the rise of the internet gave independent gaming journalist a new platform. </p><p>At first ignored by most major game publishers, it was not until the communities developed an influential and dedicated readership, and increasingly produced professional (or near-professional) writing that the sites gained the attention of these larger companies. </p><p>Independent video game websites are generally non-profit, with any revenue going back towards hosting costs and, occasionally, paying its writers. As their name suggests, they are not affiliated with any companies or studios, though bias is inherent in the unregulated model to which they subscribe. While most independent sites take the form of <a href="/wiki/Blogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogs">blogs</a>, the 'user-submitted' model, where readers write stories that are moderated by an editorial team, is also popular. </p><p>In recent times some of the larger independent sites have begun to be bought up by larger media companies, most often <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziff Davis Media">Ziff Davis Media</a>, who now own a string of independent sites. </p><p>In 2013–2014, IGN and GameSpot announced significant layoffs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_rise_of_reviews_on_video-oriented_sites">The rise of reviews on video-oriented sites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The rise of reviews on video-oriented sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a 2014 article by Mike Rose in <i><a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i>: "The publicity someone like <a href="/wiki/TotalBiscuit" title="TotalBiscuit">TotalBiscuit</a> ... can bring you compared to mainstay consumer websites like <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a> is becoming increasingly significant. A year ago, I would have advised any developer to get in touch with as many press outlets as possible, as soon as possible. I still advise this now, but with the following caveat: You're doing so to get the attention of YouTubers." Rose interviewed several game developers and publishers and concluded that the importance of popular YouTube coverage was most pronounced for indie games, dwarfing that of the dedicated gaming publications.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>David Auerbach wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> that the influence of the video games press is waning. "Game companies and developers are now reaching out directly to quasi-amateur enthusiasts as a better way to build their brands, both because the gamers are more influential than the gaming journalists, and because these enthusiasts have far better relationships with their audiences than gaming journalists do. ... Nintendo has already been shutting out the video game press for years." He concluded that gaming journalists' audience, gamers, is leaving them for video-oriented review sites.<sup id="cite_ref-ethics-slate_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethics-slate-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics">Ethics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ethics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Journalism ethics and standards</a></div> <p>Journalism in the computer and video game media industry has been a subject of debate since at least 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-ethics-ojr_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethics-ojr-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_of_interest_and_pressure_from_game_publishers">Conflicts of interest and pressure from game publishers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conflicts of interest and pressure from game publishers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publications reviewing a game often receive advertising revenue and entertainment from the game's publishers, which can lead to perceived conflicts of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-washpost-playtosway_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washpost-playtosway-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reviews by 'official' platform-specific magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i> typically have direct financial ties to their respective platform holders.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/The_3DO_Company" title="The 3DO Company">The 3DO Company</a>'s president sent an email to <i><a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i> threatening to reduce their advertising spend following a negative review.<sup id="cite_ref-erikkain2012-03_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erikkain2012-03-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Gerstmann" title="Jeff Gerstmann">Jeff Gerstmann</a> was fired from <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> after posting a review on <i><a href="/wiki/Kane_%26_Lynch:_Dead_Men" title="Kane & Lynch: Dead Men">Kane & Lynch: Dead Men</a></i> that was deemed too negative by its publisher, which also advertised heavily on the website.<sup id="cite_ref-erikkain2012-03_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erikkain2012-03-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Totilo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a>, Gerstmann was not able to talk about the topic publicly until 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Doritogate"></span>In a 2012 article for <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Florence" title="Robert Florence">Robert Florence</a> criticised the relationship between the video games press and publishers, characterising it as "almost indistinguishable from PR", and questioned the integrity of a games journalist, Lauren Wainwright.<sup id="cite_ref-ethics-slate_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethics-slate-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Totilo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DerStandard_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DerStandard-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the controversy that followed, dubbed "Doritogate" (after a video of <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Keighley" title="Geoff Keighley">Geoff Keighley</a> emerged of him sitting in front of bottles of Mountain Dew, bags of Doritos and an ad banner for <i>Halo 4</i>), the threat of legal action—the result of broad <a href="/wiki/English_defamation_law" title="English defamation law">libel laws in the UK</a>—caused Eurogamer to self-censor.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eurogamer's editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bramwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bramwell">Tom Bramwell</a> censored the article, and Florence consequently retired from video games journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stephen_Totilo-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a July 2014 survey by Mike Rose in <i><a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i>, approximately a quarter of high-profile YouTube gaming channels receive pay from the game publishers or developers for their coverage, especially those in the form of <a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Play_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Let's Play (video gaming)">Let's Play</a> videos.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamergate controversy">Gamergate controversy</a> that started in August 2014, both <i><a href="/wiki/Destructoid" title="Destructoid">Destructoid</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a></i> tightened their disclosure and conflict of interest policies.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i> editor-in-chief Stephen Totilo said writers were no longer allowed to donate to Patreon campaigns of developers.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kotaku later disclosed that journalist Patricia Hernandez, who had written for them, was friends with developers <a href="/wiki/Anna_Anthropy" title="Anna Anthropy">Anna Anthropy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christine_Love_(visual_novelist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christine Love (visual novelist)">Christine Love</a>, as well as being Anthropy's former housemate.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)"><i>Polygon</i></a> announced that they would disclose previous and future Patreon contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Review_scores_and_aggregate_ratings">Review scores and aggregate ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Review scores and aggregate ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reviews performed by major video game print sources, websites, and mainstream newspapers that sometimes carry video game such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> are generally collected for consumers at sites like <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Rankings">Game Rankings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. If the reviews are scored or graded, these sites will convert that to a numerical score and use a calculation to come out with an aggregate score. In the case of Metacritic, these scores are further weighted by an importance factor associated with the publication. Metacritic also is known to evaluate unscored reviews and assign a numeric score for this as well based on the impression the site editors get about the review.<sup id="cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metacritic_glixel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the industry, Metacritic has become a measure of the critical success of a game by game publishers, frequently used in its financial reports to impress investors. The video game industry typically does not pay on <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residuals</a> but instead on critical performance.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to release, a publisher may include contractual bonuses to a developer if they achieve a minimum Metacritic score. In one of the more recognized examples, members of <a href="/wiki/Obsidian_Entertainment" title="Obsidian Entertainment">Obsidian Entertainment</a> were to have gotten bonuses from <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Softworks" title="Bethesda Softworks">Bethesda Softworks</a> for their work on <i><a href="/wiki/Fallout:_New_Vegas" title="Fallout: New Vegas">Fallout: New Vegas</a></i> if they obtained a Metacritic score of 85 or better out of 100. After release, the game only obtained an 84 aggregate score from Metacritic, one point away, and Bethesda refused to pay them.<sup id="cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metacritic_glixel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Video game reviewers are aware of their impact on the Metacritic score and subsequent effect on bonus payment schemes. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>, prior to 2014, were aware that they generally graded games on a scoring scale lower than other websites, and would pull down the overall Metacritic score. For this reason, the site dropped review scores in 2014, and their scores are no longer included in these aggregate scores. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i> also dropped review scores for the same reason.<sup id="cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metacritic_glixel-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eurogamer later reverted to scoring reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequently, publishers will enforce an <a href="/wiki/News_embargo" title="News embargo">embargo</a> on reviews of a game until a certain date, commonly on the day of release or a few days ahead of that date. Such embargos are intended to prevent tarnishing the game's reputation prior to release and affecting pre-release and first-day sales.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar embargos are used in other entertainment industries, but the nature of interactivity with video games creates unique challenges in how these embargos are executed. In agreements with publishers, media outlets will get advance copies of the game to prepare their review to have ready for this date. However, embargo agreement may include other terms such as specific content that may not be discussed in the review. This has led to some publications purposely holding off reviews until after the embargo as to be able to include specific criticism towards features that were marked off-limits in the embargo agreement, such as for 2013's <i><a href="/wiki/SimCity_(2013_video_game)" title="SimCity (2013 video game)">SimCity</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, modern lengthier games can offer more than 20 hours of content, and the amount of time journalists have to review these advance copies prior to the embargo date is limited. It has become a concern of these journalists that they are knowingly publishing reviews that cover only a fraction of the game's content, but waiting any longer beyond the embargo date will harm viewership of their site.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rumors,_confidential_information,_and_blacklisting"><span id="Rumors.2C_confidential_information.2C_and_blacklisting"></span>Rumors, confidential information, and blacklisting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rumors, confidential information, and blacklisting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A good deal of information in the video game industry is kept under wraps by developers and publishers until the game's release; even information regarding the selection of voice actors is kept under high confidential agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, rumors and leaks of such information still fall into the hands of video game journalists, often from anonymous sources from within game development companies, and it becomes a matter of journalistic integrity whether to publish this information or not. </p><p><i>Kotaku</i> has self-reported on the downsides of reporting unrevealed information and dealing with subsequent video game publisher backlash as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the site published information about the then-upcoming <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Home" title="PlayStation Home">PlayStation Home</a> before Sony had announced it, and Sony severed its relationship with <i>Kotaku</i>. When <i>Kotaku</i> reported this on their site, readers complained to Sony about this, and Sony reversed its decision. <i>Kotaku</i> has also published significant detailed histories on troubled game development for titles such as for <i><a href="/wiki/Doom_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Doom 4">Doom 4</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Prey_2" title="Prey 2">Prey 2</a></i>, as well as announcing titles months in advance from the publisher. In November 2015, the site reported they had been "blacklisted" by <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Softworks" title="Bethesda Softworks">Bethesda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> for at least a year; they no longer got review copies, nor received press information from the publishers, nor can interact with any of their company's representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Games_Journalism">New Games Journalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New Games Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>New Games Journalism</b> (<b>NGJ</b>) is a video game journalism term, coined by journalist <a href="/wiki/Kieron_Gillen" title="Kieron Gillen">Kieron Gillen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ten-unmissable_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ten-unmissable-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2004, in which personal anecdotes, references to other media, and creative analyses are used to explore <a href="/wiki/Game_design" title="Game design">game design</a>, play, and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-ngj-manifesto_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngj-manifesto-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a model of <a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a> applied to <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ten-unmissable_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ten-unmissable-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ngj-manifesto_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngj-manifesto-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2010 article in the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker"><i>New Yorker</i></a> claimed that the term New Games Journalism "never caught on, but the impulse—that video games deserved both observational and personal approaches—is quite valid." It cites author <a href="/wiki/Tom_Bissell" title="Tom Bissell">Tom Bissell</a> and his book <i><a href="/wiki/Extra_Lives:_Why_Video_Games_Matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter">Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter</a></i> as a good example of this type of gaming journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retro_game_reviews">Retro game reviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Retro game reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Retrogaming" title="Retrogaming">retrogaming</a> grew in popularity, so did reviews and examinations of older video games.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is primarily due to feelings of nostalgia to video games people have grown up with, which, according to professor Clay Routledge, may be more powerful than similar nostalgic emotions caused by other artforms, such as music.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_video_games" title="List of books about video games">List of books about video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_magazines" title="List of video game magazines">List of video game magazines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playmeter.com/">"Play Meter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Play_Meter" title="Play Meter">Play Meter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207214442/http://www.playmeter.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Play+Meter&rft.atitle=Play+Meter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playmeter.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eg_2_36-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eg_2_36_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/electronic-games-magazine-1982-03/Electronic_Games_Issue_02_Vol_01_02_1982_Mar#page/n35/mode/1up">"Players Guide To Electronic Science Fiction Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a></i>. <b>1</b> (2): 35–45 [36]. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Sad+But+True%3A+We+Can%27t+Prove+When+Super+Mario+Bros.+Came+Out&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft.aulast=Cifaldi&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F167392%2Fsad_but_true_we_cant_prove_when_.php%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Game-Machine-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Game-Machine_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19860115p.pdf#page=12">"Overseas Readers Column: "Super Mario Bros." 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Machine&rft.atitle=Overseas+Readers+Column%3A+%22Super+Mario+Bros.%22+Boom+Bringing+Best+Selling+Book&rft.issue=275&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1986-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonitama.tv%2Fgamemachine%2Fpdf%2F19860115p.pdf%23page%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Y8MAQAAMAAJ">"The Video Game With Media Potential"</a>. <i>Japan Quarterly</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun" title="The Asahi Shimbun">The Asahi Shimbun</a>: 295–296 (296). 1986. <q>A magazine introducing game software for the Famikon, called <i>Family Computer Magazine</i>, has also appeared, selling over <span class="nowrap">1 million</span> copies of each semimonthly issue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Video+Game+With+Media+Potential&rft.pages=295-296+%28296%29&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Y8MAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarr1992" class="citation news cs1">Warr, Simon Morgan (22 August 1992). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/game-war-heroes-sega-v-nintendo-1542072.html">"Game war heroes: Sega v Nintendo"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220817/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/game-war-heroes-sega-v-nintendo-1542072.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Game+war+heroes%3A+Sega+v+Nintendo&rft.date=1992-08-22&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=Simon+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fgame-war-heroes-sega-v-nintendo-1542072.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gifford, Kevin. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2010/06/column_game_mag_weaseling_wher_6.php">COLUMN: 'Game Mag Weaseling': Where The Magazines Read You</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012143026/http://www.gamesetwatch.com/2010/06/column_game_mag_weaseling_wher_6.php">Archived</a> 2012-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/GameSetWatch" class="mw-redirect" title="GameSetWatch">GameSetWatch</a>. 29 June 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/80675X/">电子游戏软件 - 期刊简介</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150111004519/http://lib.cqvip.com/qk/80675X/">Archived</a> 2015-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." 中文科技期刊数据库 (Chinese Scientific Journals Database at CQVIP.com). Retrieved 10 January 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GZMagPrint1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GZMagPrint1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/articles/features/war/">"On-line reprint of main article from first issue with reprint notice at foot of page"</a>. April 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509144350/http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/articles/features/war/">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On-line+reprint+of+main+article+from+first+issue+with+reprint+notice+at+foot+of+page&rft.date=1992-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamezero.com%2Fteam-0%2Farticles%2Ffeatures%2Fwar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GZMagWWWUsenet1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GZMagWWWUsenet1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.misc/browse_frm/thread/fdae6a5c7e6ffa4a">"Earliest Game Zero website reference notice found in Usenet"</a>. 8 January 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earliest+Game+Zero+website+reference+notice+found+in+Usenet&rft.date=1995-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.misc%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2Ffdae6a5c7e6ffa4a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span> (needs better citation)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionPrint1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionPrint1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.nintendo/browse_frm/thread/3e8b87df4fa5fc23">"IGO web launch and GZ's formal web launches mentioned"</a>. 8 April 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IGO+web+launch+and+GZ%27s+formal+web+launches+mentioned&rft.date=1995-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.nintendo%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2F3e8b87df4fa5fc23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionOnline1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionOnline1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.ibm.pc.games.adventure/browse_thread/thread/735e71f96b9b4bb5/e92c84f514722952?lnk=st&q=%22intelligent+gamer%22&rnum=781#e92c84f514722952">"Earliest Intelligent Gamer reference found in Usenet"</a>. 13 January 1994<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earliest+Intelligent+Gamer+reference+found+in+Usenet&rft.date=1994-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fcomp.sys.ibm.pc.games.adventure%2Fbrowse_thread%2Fthread%2F735e71f96b9b4bb5%2Fe92c84f514722952%3Flnk%3Dst%26q%3D%2522intelligent%2Bgamer%2522%26rnum%3D781%23e92c84f514722952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionUsenet1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionUsenet1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.misc/browse_thread/thread/978aa37cfdc1063c/26ad1e9440c17bd0?lnk=gst&q=game+master+journal&rnum=54#26ad1e9440c17bd0">"Game Master Journal #34"</a>. 9 November 1993<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Game+Master+Journal+%2334&rft.date=1993-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.misc%2Fbrowse_thread%2Fthread%2F978aa37cfdc1063c%2F26ad1e9440c17bd0%3Flnk%3Dgst%26q%3Dgame%2Bmaster%2Bjournal%26rnum%3D54%2326ad1e9440c17bd0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionTimeslink1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionTimeslink1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.mag/browse_thread/thread/df4070c3bb5f6241/ada61ab56417a5e1?lnk=st&q=%22intelligent+gamer%22&rnum=654#ada61ab56417a5e1">"The first national videogame magazine found ONLY online, via Prodigy and TimesLink"</a>. 3 March 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+first+national+videogame+magazine+found+ONLY+online%2C+via+Prodigy+and+TimesLink&rft.date=1995-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.mag%2Fbrowse_thread%2Fthread%2Fdf4070c3bb5f6241%2Fada61ab56417a5e1%3Flnk%3Dst%26q%3D%2522intelligent%2Bgamer%2522%26rnum%3D654%23ada61ab56417a5e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionPrint2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionPrint2_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.arcade/browse_frm/thread/4cfde256a006d2">"IGF announcement of Sendai Publishing agreement"</a>. 7 January 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IGF+announcement+of+Sendai+Publishing+agreement&rft.date=1996-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.arcade%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2F4cfde256a006d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionPrint3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionPrint3_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.sega/browse_frm/thread/67be870044f0d970">"IGF staff member indicates the magazine is coming soon"</a>. 18 February 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IGF+staff+member+indicates+the+magazine+is+coming+soon&rft.date=1996-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.sega%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2F67be870044f0d970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGFusionPrint4-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGFusionPrint4_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.misc/browse_frm/thread/6f1d0bce1d7db3e6">"IGF staff member announces sighting of first print issue on stands"</a>. 22 February 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110054438/http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.misc/browse_frm/thread/6f1d0bce1d7db3e6">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IGF+staff+member+announces+sighting+of+first+print+issue+on+stands&rft.date=1996-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Frec.games.video.misc%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2F6f1d0bce1d7db3e6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futuregood-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-futuregood_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327190818/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=3095">"Future reports strong results for 2003"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i>. 10 March 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=3095">the original</a> on 2007-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Future+reports+strong+results+for+2003&rft.date=2003-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fcontent_page.php%3Faid%3D3095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futurebad-profit-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-futurebad-profit_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112061426/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=15259">"Future slips to three-year low on profit warning"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i>. 10 March 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=15259">the original</a> on 2007-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Future+slips+to+three-year+low+on+profit+warning&rft.date=2006-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fcontent_page.php%3Faid%3D15259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-futurebad-closures-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-futurebad-closures_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070327191325/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=20000">"Future Publishing confirms magazine closures, but games titles safe"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i>. 20 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=20000">the original</a> on 2007-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Future+Publishing+confirms+magazine+closures%2C+but+games+titles+safe&rft.date=2006-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fcontent_page.php%3Faid%3D20000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-future-49m-loss-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-future-49m-loss_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112061455/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=21398">"Future posts pre-tax loss of £49m"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i>. 29 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=21398">the original</a> on 2007-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=19093">the original</a> on 2007-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Paper+Trails&rft.date=2006-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Fcontent_page.php%3Faid%3D19093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave2016" class="citation web cs1">Dave, Paresh (2016-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-espn-esports-20160113-story.html">"ESPN.com to cover e-sports with same 'rigor' as it does the big leagues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170103183545/http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-espn-esports-20160113-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=ESPN.com+to+cover+e-sports+with+same+%27rigor%27+as+it+does+the+big+leagues&rft.date=2016-01-13&rft.aulast=Dave&rft.aufirst=Paresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftechnology%2Fla-fi-tn-espn-esports-20160113-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/yahoo-launches-experience-dedicated-esports-050000022.html">"Yahoo Launches New Experience Dedicated to Esports"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040911/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/yahoo-launches-experience-dedicated-esports-050000022.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yahoo+Launches+New+Experience+Dedicated+to+Esports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fyahoo-launches-experience-dedicated-esports-050000022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChmielewski2014" class="citation web cs1">Chmielewski, Dawn (2014-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recode.net/2014/9/4/11630572/sorry-twitch-espns-skipper-says-esports-not-a-sport">"Sorry, Twitch: ESPN's Skipper Says eSports "Not a Sport"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Recode</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225014119/http://www.recode.net/2014/9/4/11630572/sorry-twitch-espns-skipper-says-esports-not-a-sport">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recode&rft.atitle=Sorry%2C+Twitch%3A+ESPN%27s+Skipper+Says+eSports+%22Not+a+Sport%22&rft.date=2014-09-04&rft.aulast=Chmielewski&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recode.net%2F2014%2F9%2F4%2F11630572%2Fsorry-twitch-espns-skipper-says-esports-not-a-sport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynne2015" class="citation news cs1">Wynne, Jared (2015-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804012656/https://dotesports.com/league-of-legends/espn-esports-ambitions-1963">"ESPN courts esports, but is it just playing games?"</a>. <i>Dot Esports</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotesports.com/league-of-legends/espn-esports-ambitions-1963">the original</a> on 2017-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dot+Esports&rft.atitle=ESPN+courts+esports%2C+but+is+it+just+playing+games%3F&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Wynne&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdotesports.com%2Fleague-of-legends%2Fespn-esports-ambitions-1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/FaY1BayFlAQ">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726045955/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaY1BayFlAQ&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaY1BayFlAQ">"A thank you from Yahoo Esports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=A+thank+you+from+Yahoo+Esports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFaY1BayFlAQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/507786/leading-game-content-twitch-by-number-hours-viewed/">"Top games on Twitch by hours viewed 2016 | Statistic"</a>. <i>Statista</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310185122/https://www.statista.com/statistics/507786/leading-game-content-twitch-by-number-hours-viewed/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Top+games+on+Twitch+by+hours+viewed+2016+%7C+Statistic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F507786%2Fleading-game-content-twitch-by-number-hours-viewed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2013/2/21/4014196/ign-layoffs-1up-ugo-and-gamespy-shutting-down">"IGN hit with layoffs, 1UP, UGO and GameSpy shutting down"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. 2013-02-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217060019/http://www.polygon.com/2013/2/21/4014196/ign-layoffs-1up-ugo-and-gamespy-shutting-down">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=IGN+hit+with+layoffs%2C+1UP%2C+UGO+and+GameSpy+shutting+down&rft.date=2013-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2013%2F2%2F21%2F4014196%2Fign-layoffs-1up-ugo-and-gamespy-shutting-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.craveonline.com/gaming/articles/735435-massive-layoffs-at-gamespot-industry-shifts-toward-livestreaming-and-video">"Massive Layoffs at GameSpot, Industry Shifts Toward Livestreaming and Video"</a>. <i>CraveOnline</i>. 2014-07-30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912075605/http://www.craveonline.com/gaming/articles/735435-massive-layoffs-at-gamespot-industry-shifts-toward-livestreaming-and-video">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CraveOnline&rft.atitle=Massive+Layoffs+at+GameSpot%2C+Industry+Shifts+Toward+Livestreaming+and+Video&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.craveonline.com%2Fgaming%2Farticles%2F735435-massive-layoffs-at-gamespot-industry-shifts-toward-livestreaming-and-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Rose2014" class="citation web cs1">Mike Rose (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/219122/Is_YouTube_killing_the_traditional_games_press.php">"Gamasutra - Is YouTube killing the traditional games press?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923110103/http://gamasutra.com/view/news/219122/Is_YouTube_killing_the_traditional_games_press.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gamasutra+-+Is+YouTube+killing+the+traditional+games+press%3F&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.au=Mike+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F219122%2FIs_YouTube_killing_the_traditional_games_press.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethics-slate-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ethics-slate_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ethics-slate_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Auerbach2014" class="citation web cs1">David Auerbach (2014-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/09/gamergate_explodes_gaming_journalists_declare_the_gamers_are_over_but_they.html">"Gaming Journalism Is Over"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913113947/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/bitwise/2014/09/gamergate_explodes_gaming_journalists_declare_the_gamers_are_over_but_they.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Gaming+Journalism+Is+Over&rft.date=2014-09-04&rft.au=David+Auerbach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Ftechnology%2Fbitwise%2F2014%2F09%2Fgamergate_explodes_gaming_journalists_declare_the_gamers_are_over_but_they.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethics-ojr-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethics-ojr_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2003" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Justin (4 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ethics/1049994303.php">"Ethics in Video Game Journalism"</a>. <i>Online Journalism Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929231038/http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ethics/1049994303.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=Ethics+in+Video+Game+Journalism&rft.date=2003-04-04&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ojr.org%2Fojr%2Fethics%2F1049994303.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washpost-playtosway-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washpost-playtosway_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Musgrove2007" class="citation news cs1">Mike Musgrove (2007-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/02/AR2007070201743.html">"An Inside Play To Sway Video Gamers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110820190023/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/02/AR2007070201743.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+Inside+Play+To+Sway+Video+Gamers&rft.date=2007-07-03&rft.au=Mike+Musgrove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F07%2F02%2FAR2007070201743.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabowsky2010" class="citation book cs1">Rabowsky, Brent (August 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GV7ZAAAAQBAJ"><i>Interactive Entertainment</i></a>. Radiosity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780984298433" title="Special:BookSources/9780984298433"><bdi>9780984298433</bdi></a>. <q>Sometimes there is an obvious conflict of interest due to overlapping ownership interests. Nintendo, for example, owned...Nintendo Power (later owned by Future US).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interactive+Entertainment&rft.pub=Radiosity+Press&rft.date=2010-08-20&rft.isbn=9780984298433&rft.aulast=Rabowsky&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGV7ZAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erikkain2012-03-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-erikkain2012-03_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-erikkain2012-03_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2012/03/21/gaming-the-system-how-a-gaming-journalist-lost-his-job-over-a-negative-review/">"Gaming The System: How A Gaming Journalist Lost His Job Over A Negative Review"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 21 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322190320/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2012/03/21/gaming-the-system-how-a-gaming-journalist-lost-his-job-over-a-negative-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Gaming+The+System%3A+How+A+Gaming+Journalist+Lost+His+Job+Over+A+Negative+Review&rft.date=2012-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ferikkain%2F2012%2F03%2F21%2Fgaming-the-system-how-a-gaming-journalist-lost-his-job-over-a-negative-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stephen_Totilo-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stephen_Totilo_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Totilo2012" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Totilo (5 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5957810/the-contemptible-games-journalist-why-so-many-people-dont-trust-the-gaming-press-and-why-theyre-sometimes-wrong">"The Contemptible Games Journalist: Why So Many People Don't Trust The Gaming Press (And Why They're Sometimes Wrong)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008100827/http://kotaku.com/5957810/the-contemptible-games-journalist-why-so-many-people-dont-trust-the-gaming-press-and-why-theyre-sometimes-wrong">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=The+Contemptible+Games+Journalist%3A+Why+So+Many+People+Don%27t+Trust+The+Gaming+Press+%28And+Why+They%27re+Sometimes+Wrong%29&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft.au=Stephen+Totilo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5957810%2Fthe-contemptible-games-journalist-why-so-many-people-dont-trust-the-gaming-press-and-why-theyre-sometimes-wrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamefront.com/jeff-gerstmann-finally-talks-about-gamespot-firing/">"Jeff Gerstmann (Finally) Talks About GameSpot Firing"</a>. <i>GameFront</i>. 14 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924040942/http://www.gamefront.com/jeff-gerstmann-finally-talks-about-gamespot-firing/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameFront&rft.atitle=Jeff+Gerstmann+%28Finally%29+Talks+About+GameSpot+Firing&rft.date=2012-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamefront.com%2Fjeff-gerstmann-finally-talks-about-gamespot-firing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DerStandard-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DerStandard_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZsolt_Wilhelm2012" class="citation web cs1">Zsolt Wilhelm (2012-11-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derstandard.at/1350259660548/Doritogate-Sind-Videospieljournalisten-glaubwuerdig">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Doritogate": Sind Videospieljournalisten glaubwürdig?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Standard" title="Der Standard">Der Standard</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006155320/http://derstandard.at/1350259660548/Doritogate-Sind-Videospieljournalisten-glaubwuerdig">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Standard&rft.atitle=%22Doritogate%22%3A+Sind+Videospieljournalisten+glaubw%C3%BCrdig%3F&rft.date=2012-11-03&rft.au=Zsolt+Wilhelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fderstandard.at%2F1350259660548%2FDoritogate-Sind-Videospieljournalisten-glaubwuerdig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabien_Pionneau2012" class="citation web cs1">Fabien Pionneau (2012-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesnumeriques.com/doritos-gate-scandale-qui-frappe-presse-britannique-n27258.html">"Doritos-gate, le scandale qui frappe la presse britannique"</a>. <i>LesNumeriques</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006115851/http://www.lesnumeriques.com/doritos-gate-scandale-qui-frappe-presse-britannique-n27258.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-10-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LesNumeriques&rft.atitle=Doritos-gate%2C+le+scandale+qui+frappe+la+presse+britannique&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.au=Fabien+Pionneau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesnumeriques.com%2Fdoritos-gate-scandale-qui-frappe-presse-britannique-n27258.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBramwell2012" class="citation web cs1">Bramwell, Tom (30 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/editors-blog-lost-humanity-18-aftermath">"Editor's Blog: Lost Humanity 18 Aftermath"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gamer_Network" title="Gamer Network">Gamer Network</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102052840/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-10-30-editors-blog-lost-humanity-18-aftermath">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Blog%3A+Lost+Humanity+18+Aftermath&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft.aulast=Bramwell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Feditors-blog-lost-humanity-18-aftermath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinemablend.com/games/TotalBiscuit-Games-Journalism-An-Irredeemable-Mess-48632.html">"TotalBiscuit: Games Journalism Is An Irredeemable Mess"</a>. 2012-10-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006094948/http://www.cinemablend.com/games/TotalBiscuit-Games-Journalism-An-Irredeemable-Mess-48632.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TotalBiscuit%3A+Games+Journalism+Is+An+Irredeemable+Mess&rft.date=2012-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemablend.com%2Fgames%2FTotalBiscuit-Games-Journalism-An-Irredeemable-Mess-48632.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2012/10/25/video-game-journalist-robert-florence-leaves-eurogamer-after-libel-complaints/">"Video Game Journalist Robert Florence Leaves Eurogamer After Libel Complaints"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. 25 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140930052306/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2012/10/25/video-game-journalist-robert-florence-leaves-eurogamer-after-libel-complaints/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Video+Game+Journalist+Robert+Florence+Leaves+Eurogamer+After+Libel+Complaints&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ferikkain%2F2012%2F10%2F25%2Fvideo-game-journalist-robert-florence-leaves-eurogamer-after-libel-complaints%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Rose2014" class="citation web cs1">Mike Rose (11 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/219671/Pay_for_Play_The_ethics_of_paying_for_YouTuber_coverage.php">"Gamasutra - Pay for Play: The ethics of paying for YouTuber coverage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923105930/http://gamasutra.com/view/news/219671/Pay_for_Play_The_ethics_of_paying_for_YouTuber_coverage.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gamasutra+-+Pay+for+Play%3A+The+ethics+of+paying+for+YouTuber+coverage&rft.date=2014-07-11&rft.au=Mike+Rose&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F219671%2FPay_for_Play_The_ethics_of_paying_for_YouTuber_coverage.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsher2014" class="citation web cs1">Usher, William (September 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinemablend.com/games/Escapist-Destructoid-Update-Their-Policies-Ethics-Light-GamerGate-67219.html">"The Escapist, Destructoid Update Their Policies, Ethics In Light Of #GamerGate"</a>. CinemaBlend. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912210656/http://www.cinemablend.com/games/Escapist-Destructoid-Update-Their-Policies-Ethics-Light-GamerGate-67219.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Escapist%2C+Destructoid+Update+Their+Policies%2C+Ethics+In+Light+Of+%23GamerGate&rft.pub=CinemaBlend&rft.date=2014-09-15&rft.aulast=Usher&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemablend.com%2Fgames%2FEscapist-Destructoid-Update-Their-Policies-Ethics-Light-GamerGate-67219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Totilo2014" class="citation web cs1">Stephen Totilo (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/a-brief-note-about-the-continued-discussion-about-kotak-1627041269">"A brief note about the continued discussion about Kotaku's approach to reporting"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623084721/http://kotaku.com/a-brief-note-about-the-continued-discussion-about-kotak-1627041269">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+brief+note+about+the+continued+discussion+about+Kotaku%27s+approach+to+reporting&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.au=Stephen+Totilo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fa-brief-note-about-the-continued-discussion-about-kotak-1627041269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/the-steam-achievement-that-nobody-unlocked-1610073943">"The Steam Achievement That Nobody Unlocked"</a>. 28 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141018020227/http://kotaku.com/the-steam-achievement-that-nobody-unlocked-1610073943">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Steam+Achievement+That+Nobody+Unlocked&rft.date=2014-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fthe-steam-achievement-that-nobody-unlocked-1610073943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5973806/its-time-we-put-the-bald-space-marine-away-its-time-to-make-games-for-more-people">"It's Time We Put The Bald Space Marine Away. It's Time To Make Games For More People"</a>. 8 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141118180359/http://kotaku.com/5973806/its-time-we-put-the-bald-space-marine-away-its-time-to-make-games-for-more-people">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It%27s+Time+We+Put+The+Bald+Space+Marine+Away.+It%27s+Time+To+Make+Games+For+More+People.&rft.date=2013-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5973806%2Fits-time-we-put-the-bald-space-marine-away-its-time-to-make-games-for-more-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Grant2014" class="citation web cs1">Christopher Grant (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/forums/meta/2014/8/26/6071669/on-patreon-support">"On Patreon support"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502083820/http://www.polygon.com/forums/meta/2014/8/26/6071669/on-patreon-support">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=On+Patreon+support&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.au=Christopher+Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2Fforums%2Fmeta%2F2014%2F8%2F26%2F6071669%2Fon-patreon-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metacritic_glixel-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metacritic_glixel_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2017" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Chris (February 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glixel.com/news/metacritic-still-matters-but-for-how-long-w466884">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Metacritic' Still Matters, But For How Long?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Glixel">Glixel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214101541/http://www.glixel.com/news/metacritic-still-matters-but-for-how-long-w466884">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ten+unmissable+examples+of+New+Games+Journalism&rft.date=2005-03-03&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2Fgamesblog%2F2005%2Fmar%2F03%2Ftenunmissable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngj-manifesto-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngj-manifesto_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngj-manifesto_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillen,_Kieron2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kieron_Gillen" title="Kieron Gillen">Gillen, Kieron</a> (23 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gillen.cream.org/wordpress_html/assorted-essays/the-new-games-journalism/">"The New Games Journalism"</a>. <i>Kieron Gillen's Workblog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007031932/http://gillen.cream.org/wordpress_html/assorted-essays/the-new-games-journalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kieron+Gillen%27s+Workblog&rft.atitle=The+New+Games+Journalism&rft.date=2004-03-23&rft.au=Gillen%2C+Kieron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgillen.cream.org%2Fwordpress_html%2Fassorted-essays%2Fthe-new-games-journalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span> Originally published as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillen,_Kieron" class="citation web cs1">Gillen, Kieron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041019012425/http://alwaysblack.com/blackbox/ngj.html">"The NGJ Manifesto"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alwaysblack.com/blackbox/ngj.html">the original</a> on October 19, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NGJ+Manifesto&rft.au=Gillen%2C+Kieron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falwaysblack.com%2Fblackbox%2Fngj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/five-essential-books-on-video-games">"Five Essential Books on Video Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. 7 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Five+Essential+Books+on+Video+Games&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fbooks%2Fpage-turner%2Ffive-essential-books-on-video-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrack2012" class="citation web cs1">Parrack, Dave (2012-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/8-retro-gaming-youtube-channels-muo-gaming/">"8 Of The Best Retro Gaming YouTube Channels [MUO Gaming]"</a>. MakeUseOf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231132014/http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/8-retro-gaming-youtube-channels-muo-gaming/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=8+Of+The+Best+Retro+Gaming+YouTube+Channels+%5BMUO+Gaming%5D&rft.pub=MakeUseOf&rft.date=2012-08-15&rft.aulast=Parrack&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makeuseof.com%2Ftag%2F8-retro-gaming-youtube-channels-muo-gaming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFerran2012" class="citation web cs1">McFerran, Damien (2012-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming">"Crippled by Nostalgia: The Fraud of Retro Gaming"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231124105/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crippled+by+Nostalgia%3A+The+Fraud+of+Retro+Gaming&rft.pub=Eurogamer&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.aulast=McFerran&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2012-09-12-crippled-by-nostalgia-the-fraud-of-retro-gaming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_game_journalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRignall2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jaz_Rignall" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaz Rignall">Rignall, Jaz</a> (March 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgamer.net/articles/games-magazines-were-video-gamings-original-clickbait">"The Magazines That Were Video Gaming's Original Clickbait"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USgamer" class="mw-redirect" title="USgamer">USgamer</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USgamer&rft.atitle=The+Magazines+That+Were+Video+Gaming%27s+Original+Clickbait&rft.date=2017-03-10&rft.aulast=Rignall&rft.aufirst=Jaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgamer.net%2Farticles%2Fgames-magazines-were-video-gamings-original-clickbait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ethics/1049994396.php">"A Survey of Game Writing Online"</a>. <i>Online Journalism Review</i>. April 4, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929231333/http://www.ojr.org/ojr/ethics/1049994396.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=A+Survey+of+Game+Writing+Online&rft.date=2003-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ojr.org%2Fojr%2Fethics%2F1049994396.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060524053053/http://westword.com/issues/2005-01-06/news/message.html">"Video Game Journalists Share Insider Insights at The Art Institute of California"</a>. <i>Denver Westword</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westword.com/issues/2005-01-06/news/message.html">the original</a> on 2006-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Denver+Westword&rft.atitle=Video+Game+Journalists+Share+Insider+Insights+at+The+Art+Institute+of+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westword.com%2Fissues%2F2005-01-06%2Fnews%2Fmessage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617231259/http://playstation.about.com/od/features/a/VGJournalists.htm">"Game On - Video-game journalists look for a little respect"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. January 6, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://playstation.about.com/od/features/a/VGJournalists.htm">the original</a> on 2006-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=Game+On+-+Video-game+journalists+look+for+a+little+respect.&rft.date=2003-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplaystation.about.com%2Fod%2Ffeatures%2Fa%2FVGJournalists.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/articles/2006/060610_mfe_July_06_Klosterman.html">"The Lester Bangs of Video Games"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>. July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516195413/http://www.esquire.com/features/articles/2006/060610_mfe_July_06_Klosterman.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=The+Lester+Bangs+of+Video+Games&rft.date=2006-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Ffeatures%2Farticles%2F2006%2F060610_mfe_July_06_Klosterman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205033225/http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/the-pointlessness-of-current-videogame-journalism,review-28617.html">"The Pointlessness of Current Videogame Journalism"</a>. January 7, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/the-pointlessness-of-current-videogame-journalism,review-28617.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pointlessness+of+Current+Videogame+Journalism&rft.date=2006-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.co.uk%2Fthe-pointlessness-of-current-videogame-journalism%2Creview-28617.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061014170626/http://firingsquad.com/features/problems_with_video_game_journalism/">"The 5 Problems with Videogame Journalism"</a>. <i>FiringSquad</i>. January 27, 2006. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogcritics.org/archives/2005/08/21/232623.php">the original</a> on November 28, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blogcritics.org&rft.atitle=Video+Game+Journalism+Needs+An+Overhaul&rft.date=2005-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogcritics.org%2Farchives%2F2005%2F08%2F21%2F232623.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.next-gen.biz/features/gamings-top-50-journalists">"Gaming's Top 50 Journalists"</a>. <i>Next Generation</i>. October 17, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720102333/http://www.next-gen.biz/features/gamings-top-50-journalists">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Gaming%27s+Top+50+Journalists&rft.date=2006-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.next-gen.biz%2Ffeatures%2Fgamings-top-50-journalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130102121526/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/print/71/5">"Game Journalists on Game Journalism"</a>. <i>The Escapist</i>. November 14, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escapistmagazine.com/print/71/5">the original</a> on January 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Escapist&rft.atitle=Game+Journalists+on+Game+Journalism&rft.date=2006-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escapistmagazine.com%2Fprint%2F71%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feedthegeeks.com/">"Game News and Reviews"</a>. <i>Tech News</i>. November 14, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403045343/http://www.feedthegeeks.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tech+News&rft.atitle=Game+News+and+Reviews&rft.date=2006-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feedthegeeks.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+game+journalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theringer.com/2019/10/25/20929604/the-mainstream-media-is-not-playing-games">"The Mainstream Media Is Not Playing Games"</a>. <i>The Ringer</i>. October 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_criticism" title="Architecture criticism">Architecture criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_criticism" title="Dance criticism">Dance criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">Film criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music journalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_criticism" title="Television criticism">Television criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_criticism" title="Theatre criticism">Theatre criticism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Video game journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_criticism" title="Art criticism">Visual art criticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Feminist</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts journalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_journalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_journalism" title="Template:Video game journalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_journalism" title="Template talk:Video game journalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_journalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game journalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_journalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Video game journalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_magazines" title="List of video game magazines">Video game magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27s_Log" title="B's Log">B's LOG</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_and_Video_Games" title="Computer and Video Games">Computer and Video Games</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Games_Magazine" title="Computer Games Magazine">Computer Games Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)">Edge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famitsu" title="Famitsu">Famitsu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamereactor" title="Gamereactor">Gamereactor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_Gaming_101" title="Hardcore Gaming 101">Hardcore Gaming 101</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HobbyConsolas" title="HobbyConsolas">HobbyConsolas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Level_(magazine)" title="Level (magazine)">Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MCV/Develop" title="MCV/Develop">MCV/Develop</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mean_Machines" title="Mean Machines">Mean Machines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro GameCentral</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microman%C3%ADa" title="Micromanía">Micromanía</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Nintendo_Magazine" title="Official Nintendo Magazine">Official Nintendo 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<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/4Players" title="4Players">4Players</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Gamers" title="Adventure Gamers">Adventure Gamers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AusGamers" title="AusGamers">AusGamers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destructoid" title="Destructoid">Destructoid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Easy_Allies" class="mw-redirect" title="Easy Allies">Easy Allies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GameFront" title="GameFront">GameFront</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gameplanet" title="Gameplanet">Gameplanet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GameRevolution" title="GameRevolution">GameRevolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gamezebo" title="Gamezebo">Gamezebo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamer_Network" title="Gamer Network">Gamer Network</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OutsideXbox" title="OutsideXbox">OutsideXbox</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shacknews" title="Shacknews">Shacknews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TouchArcade" title="TouchArcade">TouchArcade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Video_Games_Chronicle" title="Video Games Chronicle">Video Games Chronicle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">Review aggregators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GameRankings" title="GameRankings">GameRankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCritic" title="OpenCritic">OpenCritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism" title="Template:Journalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism" title="Template talk:Journalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Profession</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li>Video games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism_genres" title="Journalism genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">List of journalism articles</a> – <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_journalism" title="Outline of journalism">Outline</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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