CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>François Bayrou - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4017af87-76b2-45a3-8867-da36e8ffff9c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"François_Bayrou","wgTitle":"François Bayrou","wgCurRevisionId":1277148191,"wgRevisionId":1277148191,"wgArticleId":625894,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2017","Pages with French IPA","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Commons link from Wikidata","Articles with French-language sources (fr)","1951 births","Living people","Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election","Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election", "Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election","Centre of Social Democrats politicians","Democratic Force (France) politicians","Union for French Democracy politicians","Democratic Movement (France) politicians","Deputies of the 8th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic","European Democratic Party","Ministers of justice of France","Ministers of national education of France","French Roman Catholics","Gandhians","Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine","People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques","Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine","State ministers of France","Departmental councillors (France)","Presidents of French departments", "French people of Irish descent","Prime ministers of France"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"François_Bayrou","wgRelevantArticleId":625894,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId": "Q12963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg/800px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg/640px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="François Bayrou - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-François_Bayrou rootpage-François_Bayrou skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_steps_in_politics:_1982–2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_steps_in_politics:_1982–2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First steps in politics: 1982–2002</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_steps_in_politics:_1982–2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positioning_of_the_UDF_as_a_centrist_party:_2002–2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positioning_of_the_UDF_as_a_centrist_party:_2002–2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Positioning of the UDF as a centrist party: 2002–2007</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positioning_of_the_UDF_as_a_centrist_party:_2002–2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_presidential_campaign:_2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_presidential_campaign:_2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Second presidential campaign: 2007</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_presidential_campaign:_2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_the_Democratic_Movement:_2007–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_the_Democratic_Movement:_2007–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Foundation of the Democratic Movement: 2007–2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_the_Democratic_Movement:_2007–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_presidential_election:_2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_presidential_election:_2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Third presidential election: 2012</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_presidential_election:_2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2017 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Justice_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Justice_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Minister of Justice (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Justice_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Later career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2024–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_Minister_(2024–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Prime Minister (2024–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_Minister_(2024–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bétharram_Scandal_and_François_Bayrou’s_Involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bétharram_Scandal_and_François_Bayrou’s_Involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bétharram Scandal and François Bayrou’s Involvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bétharram_Scandal_and_François_Bayrou’s_Involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governmental_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Governmental functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Electoral mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Political functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">François Bayrou</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرنسوا بايرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسوا بايرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%83" title="Франсоа Байру – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франсоа Байру" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Φρανσουά Μπαϊρού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανσουά Μπαϊρού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرانسوا بایرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسوا بایرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%A3%A8" title="프랑수아 바이루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑수아 바이루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95" title="פרנסואה ביירו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסואה ביירו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Bayrou" title="Franciscus Bayrou – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرانسوا بايرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسوا بايرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB" title="フランソワ・バイル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランソワ・バイル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s_Vairon" title="Francés Vairon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francés Vairon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%83,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Байру, Франсуа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Байру, Франсуа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ฟร็องซัว บายรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟร็องซัว บายรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="François Bayrou" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%83" title="Франсуа Байру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франсуа Байру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81" title="弗朗索瓦·贝鲁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗朗索瓦·贝鲁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12963#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&oldid=1277148191" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&id=1277148191&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7ois_Bayrou"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFran%25C3%25A7ois_Bayrou"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12963" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of France since 2024</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">François Bayrou</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_(L%C3%A9gislatives_2024).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Bayrou in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />13 December 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 May 2017 – 19 June 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Urvoas" title="Jean-Jacques Urvoas">Jean-Jacques Urvoas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Belloubet" title="Nicole Belloubet">Nicole Belloubet</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 March 1993 – 4 June 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Édouard Balladur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude_All%C3%A8gre" title="Claude Allègre">Claude Allègre</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />4 April 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martine_Ligni%C3%A8res-Cassou" title="Martine Lignières-Cassou">Martine Lignières-Cassou</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />2 December 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">Union for French Democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 February 1998 – 30 November 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_L%C3%A9otard" title="François Léotard">François Léotard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />13 July 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques's 2nd constituency">Pyrénées-Atlantiques's 2nd constituency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 June 2002 – 19 June 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Menjucq</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Nathalie Chabanne</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />12 June 1997 – 21 December 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Laguilhon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Menjucq</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 April 1986 – 1 May 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Majority vote</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Laguilhon</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 July 1999 – 20 June 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="France (European Parliament constituency)">France</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Departmental Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques">General Council<br />of Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 April 1992 – 23 March 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Henri Grenet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jean-Jacques Lasserre</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Departmental Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques">General Council<br />of Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />26 March 1982 – 21 March 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Yves Urieta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">André Arribes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">Canton of Pau-Sud</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">François René Jean Lucien Bayrou</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-05-25</span>) </span>25 May 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bord%C3%A8res" title="Bordères">Bordères</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a> (since 2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Centre_(France)" title="Democratic Centre (France)">CD</a> (until 1976)<br /><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Social_Democrats" title="Centre of Social Democrats">CDS</a> (1976–1995)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Force_(France)" title="Democratic Force (France)">FD</a> (1995–1998)<br /><a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a> (1978–2007)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Élisabeth Perlant</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1971)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon" title="Hôtel Matignon">Hôtel Matignon</a>, Paris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_Bordeaux_Montaigne" class="mw-redirect" title="University Bordeaux Montaigne">University Bordeaux Montaigne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="François Bayrou's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg/128px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg/192px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg/256px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bayrou.fr">Official website</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>François René Jean Lucien Bayrou</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁɑ̃swa<span class="wrap"> </span>bajʁu]</a></span>; born 25 May 1951) is a French politician who has served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> since December 2024. He has presided over the <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a> (EDP) since 2004 and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> (MoDem) since 2007. A <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a>, he was a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential elections</a>. </p><p>From 1993 to 1997, Bayrou was <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education</a> in three successive governments. He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> for a seat in <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a> from 1986 to 2012 with brief interruptions and a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP) from 1999 to 2002. He has been mayor of <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> since 2014. </p><p>It was speculated that Bayrou would be a candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>, but he decided not to run and instead supported <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, who – after winning the election – named him <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (France)">for Justice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippe_government" title="First Philippe government">government</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a>. On 21 June 2017, he resigned from the government amid an investigation into the MoDem's allegedly fraudulent employment of parliamentary assistants, initiated earlier that month. He was cleared of those accusations in 2024. </p><p>On 13 December 2024, he was appointed as Prime Minister by Emmanuel Macron after <a href="/wiki/Barnier_government" title="Barnier government">Michel Barnier's government</a> was <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Barnier_government" title="Collapse of the Barnier government">brought down</a> by a vote of <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no confidence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bayrou was born on 25 May 1951 in <a href="/wiki/Bord%C3%A8res" title="Bordères">Bordères</a>, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, a village located between <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lourdes" title="Lourdes">Lourdes</a>. He is the son of farmer Calixte Bayrou (1909–1974), <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_R%C3%A9publicain_Populaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Républicain Populaire">MRP</a> mayor of Bordères from 1947 to 1953, and Emma Sarthou (1917–2009).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bayrou descends from an ancestry of primarily <a href="/wiki/Occitans" title="Occitans">Occitans</a> except from his maternal grandmother's side which is <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Bayrou was in his youth, he developed a <a href="/wiki/Stuttering" title="Stuttering">stutter</a> which led to him attending <a href="/wiki/Speech-language_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech-language pathology">speech therapy</a> for seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first went to secondary school in Pau, before transferring to Bordeaux. He studied literature at university, and at the age of 23, sat the "<a href="/wiki/Agr%C3%A9gation" title="Agrégation">agrégation</a>", the highest qualifying level for teachers in senior high schools and <a href="/wiki/Classe_pr%C3%A9paratoire_aux_grandes_%C3%A9coles" title="Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles">preparatory classes</a> in France. Around the same time, his father was killed in a tractor accident. </p><p>Bayrou married in 1971 Élisabeth Perlant, also known as "Babette".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Perlant have five children, Hélène, Marie, Dominique, Calixte and Agnès.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The children were raised on the farm where Bayrou was born and where Bayrou currently lives with Perlant. </p><p>Prior to embarking on his political career, Bayrou taught history in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arn" title="Béarn">Béarn</a> in the French <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the author of several books on politics and history, including one on King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>. Bayrou's hobby is raising horses. Although a practising <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, he strongly supports France's system of secularism (French: <a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFcit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Laïcité">laïcité</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_steps_in_politics:_1982–2002"><span id="First_steps_in_politics:_1982.E2.80.932002"></span>First steps in politics: 1982–2002</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First steps in politics: 1982–2002"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bayrou's youth, he was active in nonviolent movements and followed <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a> disciple, <a href="/wiki/Lanza_del_Vasto" title="Lanza del Vasto">Lanza del Vasto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayrou, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Social_Democrats" title="Centre of Social Democrats">Centre of Social Democrats</a> (CDS), the Christian-democratic wing of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">Union for French Democracy</a> (UDF) confederation, was elected to the General Council of the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a> department in 1982 in the canton of Pau-Sud, then the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> four years later.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the victory of the <a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a>/UDF coalition in the <a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">1993 legislative election</a>, he became Education Minister in the cabinet led by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Édouard Balladur</a>. In this post, he proposed a reform allowing local authorities to subsidise private schools, which caused massive protests and was quashed by the Constitutional Council. </p><p>In 1989, after poor results in both the <a href="/wiki/1989_French_municipal_elections" title="1989 French municipal elections">municipal elections</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">European Parliament elections</a>, Bayrou and twelve other centre-right parliamentarians including <a href="/wiki/Philippe_S%C3%A9guin" title="Philippe Séguin">Philippe Séguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Noir" title="Michel Noir">Michel Noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Carignon" title="Alain Carignon">Alain Carignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pinte" title="Étienne Pinte">Étienne Pinte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Millon" title="Charles Millon">Charles Millon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Baudis" title="Dominique Baudis">Dominique Baudis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Aubert" title="François d'Aubert">François d'Aubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">Philippe de Villiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bosson" title="Bernard Bosson">Bernard Bosson</a> demanded reform of the system at the RPR and the UDF, criticising the most prominent politicians of these parties including former president <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>. They called for the formation of a new right-wing party to unite the UDF and the RPR into a single entity. Ideological differences between members of this group led to members leaving, though d'Estaing endorsed Bayrou to become UDF general secretary in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite supporting Édouard Balladur's candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/1995_French_presidential_election" title="1995 French presidential election">1995 presidential election</a>, Bayrou remained Education Minister following Jacques Chirac's election and the formation of a new government headed by <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a>. Following the majority for the <a href="/wiki/Plural_Left" title="Plural Left">Plural Left</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1997_French_legislative_election" title="1997 French legislative election">1997 legislative election</a>, Bayrou returned to opposition and became president of the UDF in 1998, transforming it into a unified party rather than a union of smaller parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positioning_of_the_UDF_as_a_centrist_party:_2002–2007"><span id="Positioning_of_the_UDF_as_a_centrist_party:_2002.E2.80.932007"></span>Positioning of the UDF as a centrist party: 2002–2007</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Positioning of the UDF as a centrist party: 2002–2007"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002 François Bayrou rejected proposals to merge the UDF with the <a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (RPR), into a new entity that later became the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (UMP). As a result, many UDF members left to join the UMP. </p><p>Bayrou was increasingly critical of the direction taken by the UMP-led government, which he described as out of touch with the average Frenchman. He denounced the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Two-party_system" title="Two-party system">two-party system</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a> and the RPR (later UMP) alternate. Instead, Bayrou called for a <a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_theory)" title="Pluralism (political theory)">pluralist</a> system in which other parties would also contribute.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 May 2006, Bayrou supported a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> sponsored by Socialist deputies calling for the resignation of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a>'s government following the <a href="/wiki/Clearstream_affair" title="Clearstream affair">Clearstream affair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As de Villepin's UMP had an absolute majority in the National Assembly, the motion failed. Following Bayrou's support for this measure, France's television authority classified him as a member of the parliamentary opposition for timing purposes. However, after Bayrou protested, he was classified as a member of neither the majority nor the opposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_presidential_campaign:_2007">Second presidential campaign: 2007</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second presidential campaign: 2007"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bayrou <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">contested the presidency again in 2007</a>. Most commentators had expected the election to be fought primarily between <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Parti Socialiste</a>. However, Bayrou's increasing support in polls in February complicated the "Sarko-Ségo" scenario, and led to speculation that the Parti Socialiste candidate would fail to progress to the second round for a second consecutive election, following the defeat of former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> in 2002 by <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">National Front</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marie_Le_Pen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Marie Le Pen">Jean Marie Le Pen</a>. Ultimately, Bayrou finished in third place in the election with 18.57% of the vote (6,820,119 votes), behind Sarkozy and Royal, the best performance by the UDF in a presidential election since 1981. Bayrou declared that he could not endorse either Sarkozy or Royal in the second round, although he indicated that Sarkozy was the worse of the two. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_the_Democratic_Movement:_2007–2012"><span id="Foundation_of_the_Democratic_Movement:_2007.E2.80.932012"></span>Foundation of the Democratic Movement: 2007–2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foundation of the Democratic Movement: 2007–2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_(4368275187).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%284368275187%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1747" /></a><figcaption>Bayrou in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the 2007 election, Bayrou intended to form a new centrist party, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> (MoDem). The majority of UDF politicians did not follow him, and instead formed a rival party, the <a href="/wiki/New_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="New Centre">New Centre</a>, which pledged to support an alliance with the UMP. However, most of the UDF's grassroots membership remained with Bayrou and joined MoDem. In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">legislative elections in June 2007</a>, MoDem came third with 7.6% of the vote. Although an increase on the UDF share of the poll of 4.9% in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_legislative_election" title="2002 French legislative election">2002 elections</a>, MoDem won only four seats, including Bayrou's own seat. The other parliamentarians elected on the party's list were <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Benoit" title="Thierry Benoit">Thierry Benoit</a> (who has since left the party, to join the New Centre) and <a href="/wiki/Abdoulatifou_Aly" title="Abdoulatifou Aly">Abdoulatifou Aly</a>. The establishment of MoDem led to the formal dismantling of the UDF alliance on 30 November. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_presidential_election:_2012">Third presidential election: 2012</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third presidential election: 2012"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG/220px-Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG/330px-Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG/440px-Francois_Bayrou-IMG_4418.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="2869" /></a><figcaption>François Bayrou at a meeting in Marseille in April 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 August 2011, Bayrou released a book, <i>2012. Etat d'urgence</i>, in which he discussed how and why the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">economic crisis</a> happened, and outlined the top priorities of his next presidential program: production and education. </p><p>François Bayrou confirmed his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 presidential election</a> on 25 November 2011, in an interview with journalist <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Ferrari" title="Laurence Ferrari">Laurence Ferrari</a> on her show <i>Parole Directe</i> on <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His supporters included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthuis" title="Jean Arthuis">Jean Arthuis</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Centrist_Alliance" title="Centrist Alliance">Centrist Alliance</a>, president of the Senate Finance Committee (2002–2011)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bosson" title="Bernard Bosson">Bernard Bosson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (1977–2007), member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a> for <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a> (1986–2007)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Albertini_(politician)" title="Pierre Albertini (politician)">Pierre Albertini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Idrac" title="Anne-Marie Idrac">Anne-Marie Idrac</a>, Secretary of State for International Trade under <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2008–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Lambert" title="Alain Lambert">Alain Lambert</a>, Budget Minister (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Garrigue" title="Daniel Garrigue">Daniel Garrigue</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> and former press secretary for <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Kahn" title="Jean-François Kahn">Jean-François Kahn</a>, author and former director of the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Marianne_(magazine)" title="Marianne (magazine)">Marianne</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Bayrou was eliminated in the first round, receiving around half of his vote share from 2007; he endorsed Socialist <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> in the runoff.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2017_presidential_election">2017 presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2017 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 February 2017, Bayrou stated that he would not contest the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>, instead endorsing the centrist candidate <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> of <a href="/wiki/En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="En Marche!">En Marche!</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alliance surprised French political pundits and rival candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the agreement was Macron's commitment to support a clean government law proposed by Bayrou.<sup id="cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bayrou said that France was "at extreme risk", requiring an "exceptional response",<sup id="cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding that the alliance did not mean that MoDem would be subsumed by En Marche!<sup id="cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Justice_(2017)"><span id="Minister_of_Justice_.282017.29"></span>Minister of Justice (2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Minister of Justice (2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 May 2017, Bayrou was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Philippe_government" title="First Philippe government">first Philippe government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i> published information that Democratic Movement politician <a href="/wiki/Marielle_de_Sarnez" title="Marielle de Sarnez">Marielle de Sarnez</a> had been paid for work she had not actually done, embroiling Bayrou in a scandal about fictitious jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France Info later reported that MoDem had "over a dozen" fictitious jobs in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayrou resigned several days before the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a>, only 35 days after he had taken the post.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was found not guilty of those accusations in February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2020, Bayrou was appointed as high commissioner for planification by Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2022, Bayrou created what he calls a "sponsorship bank", joined by a few hundred local officials, willing to give their signatures to candidates for the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">presidential election</a> struggling to obtain them, even if they represent a large part of the public according to opinion polls,<sup id="cite_ref-reuters.com_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including far-right candidate <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters.com_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Gabriel Attal</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> in January 2024, Bayrou stated that he would not be joining the government; he had been widely expected to return to the cabinet after he was acquitted of fraud charges shortly before.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_Minister_(2024–present)"><span id="Prime_Minister_.282024.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Prime Minister (2024–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prime Minister (2024–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bayrou_government" title="Bayrou government">Bayrou government</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2024_French_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 French political crisis">2024 French political crisis</a></div> <p>On 13 December 2024, following the motion of <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">no confidence</a> that ended <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Barnier_government" title="Barnier government">government</a>, Bayrou was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> by Emmanuel Macron.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The morning of the nomination, Macron reportedly informed Bayrou that he had decided against nominating him, only to revise his position when a furious Bayrou threatened to withdraw his support for the government.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his nomination, Bayrou has pledged to remain in office as Mayor of Pau,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similarly to <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>, who served simultaneously as Prime Minister and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Paris" title="Mayor of Paris">Mayor of Paris</a> from 1986 to 1988. Less than a week after his nomination, he faced criticism after flying to Pau on a presidential <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_7X" title="Dassault Falcon 7X">Falcon 7X jet</a> to attend a session of the municipal council, rather than visiting <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, which had been heavily affected by <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Chido" title="Cyclone Chido">Cyclone Chido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayrou's government was finalized on 23 December, maintaining the goal Bayrou had set of appointing his ministers before Christmas.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 December 2024, Bayrou visited Mayotte with several government members and announced several emergency measures to rebuild the islands' infrastructures and to resolve the <a href="/wiki/2024_Mayotte_crisis" title="2024 Mayotte crisis">local crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 February 2025, Bayrou passed his government's budget for the year after bypassing a vote in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> through special <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">constitutional powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to two unsuccessful no-confidence motions being launched against him on 5 February<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 10 February.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bayrou-strasbourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bayrou-strasbourg.jpg/220px-Bayrou-strasbourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Bayrou-strasbourg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="213" /></a><figcaption>François Bayrou in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Bayrou has been a vocal campaigner on a variety of issues, including reform of the political process, <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> (see <a href="/wiki/DADVSI" title="DADVSI">DADVSI</a>). During the 2007 presidential election campaign he described the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> as "the most beautiful construction of all humanity".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He called for France to play a greater role in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s affairs, and supports the ratification of a <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a>, in a more concise and readable form than the one <a href="/wiki/French_referendum_on_EU_constitution,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="French referendum on EU constitution, 2005">voted down by the French electorate</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in 2007, Bayrou said: "I am a democrat, I am a <a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">Clintonian</a>, I am a man of the '<a href="/wiki/Third_way" class="mw-redirect" title="Third way">third way</a>'".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He positioned himself as a centrist, although he has historic ties to the right. His platform emphasises job creation, improvement of educational standards, improved conditions in the troubled suburbs, reduced government spending, a balanced budget and a stronger European Union, with France as its <i>de facto</i> leader. He has also criticized China's protection of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sudan" title="Government of Sudan">Sudanese government</a> from <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> sanctions. Bayrou was highly critical of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">American economic model under George Bush</a> and of the unregulated free market in general. He described the United States economic model as a "survival of the fittest" system, where it was often stated that money was people's only motivation, where higher education was too expensive, and where the middle class was shrinking.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bayrou criticized the Iraq war, saying it was "the cause of chaos" in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francois_bayrou_close.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francois_bayrou_close.jpg/170px-Francois_bayrou_close.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francois_bayrou_close.jpg/255px-Francois_bayrou_close.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Francois_bayrou_close.jpg/340px-Francois_bayrou_close.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>François Bayrou in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>He criticized Nicolas Sarkozy's foreign policy, including the invitation of Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> for a week-long state visit to France and the signing of military cooperation agreements with Libya. </p><p>In 2009, he criticized statements by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> claiming that condoms promote AIDS on a journey to Cameroon. Bayrou called the remarks "unacceptable", adding that "the primary responsibility, particularly of Christians, is the defence of life...This [Africa] is a continent in which tens of millions of women and men are dying."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He called for France to boycott the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>, due to the <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">poor human rights record in China</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">political unrest in Tibet</a>. During a rally in Paris on 21 March he said that "if this drama does not stop, France would do itself credit by not coming to the Olympic Games", criticising China's opposition to sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> over its involvement in the humanitarian crisis in <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayrou is fluent in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arnese_dialect" title="Béarnese dialect">Béarnese</a> and often expresses his support for regionalism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bétharram_Scandal_and_François_Bayrou’s_Involvement"><span id="B.C3.A9tharram_Scandal_and_Fran.C3.A7ois_Bayrou.E2.80.99s_Involvement"></span>Bétharram Scandal and François Bayrou’s Involvement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bétharram Scandal and François Bayrou’s Involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bétharram scandal refers to a case of child sexual abuse committed within the "Catholic" congregation of the Fathers of Bétharram (in truth part of the false Vatican II sect), as revealed by journalistic investigations. The abuses spanned several decades and involved clergy members operating in various schools and shelters linked to the institution. François Bayrou is accused of deliberately ignoring reports of child abuse, defending an institution accused of systemic violence, and helping to obstruct the work of whistleblowers and journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>François Bayrou, mayor of Pau and an influential political figure, was directly alerted to the abuses committed within the Bétharram congregation. He was informed through victim testimonies and whistleblower reports about the systemic violence perpetrated in religious establishments in his region. Instead of supporting the victims or calling for a thorough investigation, François Bayrou publicly questioned the credibility of the allegations and defended the congregation. He notably: _Claimed that the journalistic revelations were attacks against the Church, suggesting that they were part of a media-driven witch hunt. _Denied the facts.Bayrou downplayed the scope of the accusations, even publicly stating that the claims were baseless, despite consistent testimonies and thorough journalistic investigations. _Challenged the legitimacy of the whistleblowers and journalists who exposed the abuses. _Rather than taking action in favor of the victims, French authorities, influenced by political figures including François Bayrou, targeted the whistleblowers who exposed these abuses. This repression took the form of legal pressure and judicial actions aimed at discrediting those who spoke out about the sexual violence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_functions">Governmental functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Governmental functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Minister of National Education: 1993–1995.</li> <li>Minister of National Education, Higher education and Research: 1995–1997.</li> <li>Minister of Justice: 2017.</li> <li>Prime Minister: 2024–</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_mandates">Electoral mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Electoral mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>European Parliament</b></i> </p> <ul><li>Member of <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>: 1999–2002 (Reelected member in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> in 2002)</li></ul> <p><i><b>National Assembly of France</b></i> </p> <ul><li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques%27_2nd_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques' 2nd constituency">Pyrénées-Atlantiques' 2nd constituency</a>: 1986–1993 (Became minister in 1993) / 1997–1999 (Became member of <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> in 1999) / 2002–2012. Elected in 1986, reelected in 1988, 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007. He lost his seat on 17 June 2012.</li></ul> <p><i><b>General Council</b></i> </p> <ul><li>President of the General Council of <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>: 1992–2001. Reelected in 1994, 1998.</li> <li>General councillor of Pyrénées-Atlantiques: 1982–2008. Reelected in 1988, 1994, 2001.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Municipal Council</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Pau: since April 2014.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="City council (France)">Municipal councillor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>: 1983–1993 (Resignation) / Since 2008. Reelected in 1989, 2008, 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_functions">Political functions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Political functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">Union for French Democracy</a>: 1998–2007.</li> <li>President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" title="European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a>: since 2004.</li> <li>President of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a>: Since 2007.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/amp/job-facing-frances-new-pm-francois-bayrou-is-imposing-at-best-and-few-expect-him-to-last-long-after-barniers-downfall-13272647">"Job Facing France's New PM François Bayrou is Imposing at Best"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Job+Facing+France%27s+New+PM+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+is+Imposing+at+Best&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Famp%2Fjob-facing-frances-new-pm-francois-bayrou-is-imposing-at-best-and-few-expect-him-to-last-long-after-barniers-downfall-13272647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevert2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trevert, Émilie (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/bayrou-intime-03-11-2011-1395009_20.php">"Bayrou intime"</a>. <i>Le Point</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209032713/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/bayrou-intime-03-11-2011-1395009_20.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Bayrou+intime&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.aulast=Trevert&rft.aufirst=%C3%89milie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fbayrou-intime-03-11-2011-1395009_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudouest.fr/2010/08/01/francois-a-12-ans-151349-635.php">"François Bayrou à 12 ans"</a>. <i>SudOuest.fr</i>. August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809172034/http://www.sudouest.fr/2010/08/01/francois-a-12-ans-151349-635.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SudOuest.fr&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%C3%A0+12+ans&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudouest.fr%2F2010%2F08%2F01%2Ffrancois-a-12-ans-151349-635.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Pascuito, Olivier Biscaye, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EA4tDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT59">Les Politiques aussi ont une mère: Fillon, Le Pen, Mélenchon, Bayrou, Valls, Macron, Le Maire, Sarkozy... Secrets de famille</a>, Albin Michel, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarratt" class="citation news cs1">Barratt, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3632238/Family-detective.html">"Family detective"</a>. <i>Telegraph.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921121741/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3632238/Family-detective.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Family+detective&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F3632238%2FFamily-detective.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/Cinema/Actualite/Francois-Bayrou-commente-Le-discours-d-un-roi-pour-leJDD-261425">"François Bayrou: "Je me suis mis à bégayer à 7-8 ans"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Le JDD</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809171356/http://www.lejdd.fr/Culture/Cinema/Actualite/Francois-Bayrou-commente-Le-discours-d-un-roi-pour-leJDD-261425">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+JDD&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou%3A+%22Je+me+suis+mis+%C3%A0+b%C3%A9gayer+%C3%A0+7-8+ans%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FCulture%2FCinema%2FActualite%2FFrancois-Bayrou-commente-Le-discours-d-un-roi-pour-leJDD-261425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who's Who in European Politics</i>. Bowker-Saur. 1990. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+European+Politics&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Bowker-Saur&rft.date=1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkixf">"PoliTIC'Show #2 (1/13) > F. Bayrou - vidéo Dailymotion"</a>. <i>Dailymotion</i>. 30 October 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314183302/http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xkixf">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dailymotion&rft.atitle=PoliTIC%27Show+%232+%281%2F13%29+%3E+F.+Bayrou+-+vid%C3%A9o+Dailymotion&rft.date=2006-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymotion.com%2Fvideo%2Fxkixf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Kramer" title="Jane Kramer">Kramer, Jane</a>. "Round One", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, 23 April 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-francois-bayrou/20111202.RUE6127/douze-trucs-a-savoir-sur-francois-bayrou.html">"Douze trucs à savoir sur François Bayrou"</a>. <i>L'Obs</i>. 2 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809180317/http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-francois-bayrou/20111202.RUE6127/douze-trucs-a-savoir-sur-francois-bayrou.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=Douze+trucs+%C3%A0+savoir+sur+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Frue89%2Frue89-francois-bayrou%2F20111202.RUE6127%2Fdouze-trucs-a-savoir-sur-francois-bayrou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16688993">"Francois Bayrou - or the power of self-belief"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Francois+Bayrou+-+or+the+power+of+self-belief&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-16688993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2009/04/16/01002-20090416ARTFIG00364-vingt-ans-apres-les-renovateurs-.php">"Vingt ans après,les rénovateurs"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i> (in French). 16 April 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809171609/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2009/04/16/01002-20090416ARTFIG00364-vingt-ans-apres-les-renovateurs-.php">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Vingt+ans+apr%C3%A8s%2Cles+r%C3%A9novateurs&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2009%2F04%2F16%2F01002-20090416ARTFIG00364-vingt-ans-apres-les-renovateurs-.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003017/http://www.udf.org/actualites/actu_site/2006/bayrou_270406.html">"Site officiel du Mouvement Démocrate – MoDem"</a>. Udf.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udf.org/actualites/actu_site/2006/bayrou_270406.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Site+officiel+du+Mouvement+D%C3%A9mocrate+%E2%80%93+MoDem&rft.pub=Udf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udf.org%2Factualites%2Factu_site%2F2006%2Fbayrou_270406.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/scrutins/jo0978.asp">"ANALYSE DU SCRUTIN N° 978 – Séance du 16 mai 2006"</a>. Assemblee-nationale.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525090058/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/scrutins/jo0978.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANALYSE+DU+SCRUTIN+N%C2%B0+978+%E2%80%93+S%C3%A9ance+du+16+mai+2006&rft.pub=Assemblee-nationale.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.assemblee-nationale.fr%2F12%2Fscrutins%2Fjo0978.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111204230441/http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/bayrou-annonce-sa-candidature-pour-la-presidentielle-2012-6840598.html">"Parole Directe-Bayrou annonce sa candidature pour la présidentielle 2012"</a>. 25 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lci.tf1.fr/politique/bayrou-annonce-sa-candidature-pour-la-presidentielle-2012-6840598.html">the original</a> on 4 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parole+Directe-Bayrou+annonce+sa+candidature+pour+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2012&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flci.tf1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fbayrou-annonce-sa-candidature-pour-la-presidentielle-2012-6840598.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130205160616/http://www.varmatin.com/article/derniere-minute/arthuis-un-seul-candidat-pour-la-famille-centriste">"Arthuis: "Un seul candidat pour la famille centriste!"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 1 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varmatin.com/article/derniere-minute/arthuis-un-seul-candidat-pour-la-famille-centriste">the original</a> on 5 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arthuis%3A+%22Un+seul+candidat+pour+la+famille+centriste%21%22&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varmatin.com%2Farticle%2Fderniere-minute%2Farthuis-un-seul-candidat-pour-la-famille-centriste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessorsavoyard.fr/Actualite/Annecy/2011/07/04/article_bernard_bosson_annonce_son_soutien_au_ca.shtml">"Bernard Bosson annonce son soutien au candidat Bayrou pour la Présidentielle"</a>. 30 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426023040/http://www.lessorsavoyard.fr/Actualite/Annecy/2011/07/04/article_bernard_bosson_annonce_son_soutien_au_ca.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bernard+Bosson+annonce+son+soutien+au+candidat+Bayrou+pour+la+Pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessorsavoyard.fr%2FActualite%2FAnnecy%2F2011%2F07%2F04%2Farticle_bernard_bosson_annonce_son_soutien_au_ca.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lejdd.fr/Election-presidentielle-2012/Actualite/Anne-Marie-Idrac-rejoint-les-rangs-de-Francois-Bayrou-390935/">"Idrac : "Bayrou est le centriste authentique"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 17 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128075620/http://www.lejdd.fr/Election-presidentielle-2012/Actualite/Anne-Marie-Idrac-rejoint-les-rangs-de-Francois-Bayrou-390935/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Idrac+%3A+%22Bayrou+est+le+centriste+authentique%22&rft.date=2011-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FElection-presidentielle-2012%2FActualite%2FAnne-Marie-Idrac-rejoint-les-rangs-de-Francois-Bayrou-390935%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/jean-francois-kahn-soutiendra-a-nouveau-bayrou-a-la-presidentielle-04-12-2011-1403693_20.php">"Jean-François Kahn soutiendra à nouveau Bayrou à la présidentielle"</a>. 4 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120521091425/http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/jean-francois-kahn-soutiendra-a-nouveau-bayrou-a-la-presidentielle-04-12-2011-1403693_20.php">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Kahn+soutiendra+%C3%A0+nouveau+Bayrou+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&rft.date=2011-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fjean-francois-kahn-soutiendra-a-nouveau-bayrou-a-la-presidentielle-04-12-2011-1403693_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20120504-centrist-bayrou-tactical-game-support-hollande-presidential-election-france">"France Centrist Bayrou's tactical game in supporting Hollande"</a>. France 24. 4 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116064807/http://www.france24.com/en/20120504-centrist-bayrou-tactical-game-support-hollande-presidential-election-france/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+Centrist+Bayrou%27s+tactical+game+in+supporting+Hollande&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20120504-centrist-bayrou-tactical-game-support-hollande-presidential-election-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WillsherMacronAlliance-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WillsherMacronAlliance_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim Willsher, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/22/french-elections-centrist-bayrou-offers-alliance-with-macron">French elections: Emmanuel Macron and François Bayrou form alliance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223060600/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/22/french-elections-centrist-bayrou-offers-alliance-with-macron">Archived</a> 23 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Guardian</i> (22 February 2017).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/gouvernement-d-edouard-philippe/desormais-ministres-philippe-le-drian-bayrou-et-darmanin-vont-devoir-demissionner-de-leurs-mandats-locaux_2195496.html">"Désormais ministres, Philippe, Le Drian, Bayrou, Collomb et Darmanin vont devoir abandonner leurs mandats locaux"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i> (in French). 17 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831220218/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/gouvernement-d-edouard-philippe/desormais-ministres-philippe-le-drian-bayrou-et-darmanin-vont-devoir-demissionner-de-leurs-mandats-locaux_2195496.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9sormais+ministres%2C+Philippe%2C+Le+Drian%2C+Bayrou%2C+Collomb+et+Darmanin+vont+devoir+abandonner+leurs+mandats+locaux&rft.date=2017-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fgouvernement-d-edouard-philippe%2Fdesormais-ministres-philippe-le-drian-bayrou-et-darmanin-vont-devoir-demissionner-de-leurs-mandats-locaux_2195496.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marianne.net/politique/l-ex-secretaire-de-francois-bayrou-citee-dans-l-affaire-modem">"L'ex-secrétaire de François Bayrou citée dans l'affaire MoDem"</a>. <i>Marianne</i> (in French). 13 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818133625/https://www.marianne.net/politique/l-ex-secretaire-de-francois-bayrou-citee-dans-l-affaire-modem">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=L%27ex-secr%C3%A9taire+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+cit%C3%A9e+dans+l%27affaire+MoDem&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2Fpolitique%2Fl-ex-secretaire-de-francois-bayrou-citee-dans-l-affaire-modem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/francois-bayrou/assistants-parlementaires-un-ex-salarie-du-modem-affirme-qu-il-a-beneficie-d-un-emploi-fictif_2227807.html">"INFO FRANCEINFO. Une dizaine d'employés du Modem étaient rémunérés comme assistants parlementaires européens"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i> (in French). 8 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170818224929/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/francois-bayrou/assistants-parlementaires-un-ex-salarie-du-modem-affirme-qu-il-a-beneficie-d-un-emploi-fictif_2227807.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=INFO+FRANCEINFO.+Une+dizaine+d%27employ%C3%A9s+du+Modem+%C3%A9taient+r%C3%A9mun%C3%A9r%C3%A9s+comme+assistants+parlementaires+europ%C3%A9ens&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Ffrancois-bayrou%2Fassistants-parlementaires-un-ex-salarie-du-modem-affirme-qu-il-a-beneficie-d-un-emploi-fictif_2227807.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoichot2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boichot, Loris (21 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2017/06/21/01002-20170621ARTFIG00053-francois-bayrou-et-marielle-de-sarnez-quittent-le-gouvernement.php">"François Bayrou et Marielle de Sarnez quittent le gouvernement"</a>. <i>Le Figaro</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0182-5852">0182-5852</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808230851/http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2017/06/21/01002-20170621ARTFIG00053-francois-bayrou-et-marielle-de-sarnez-quittent-le-gouvernement.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+et+Marielle+de+Sarnez+quittent+le+gouvernement&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.issn=0182-5852&rft.aulast=Boichot&rft.aufirst=Loris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2017%2F06%2F21%2F01002-20170621ARTFIG00053-francois-bayrou-et-marielle-de-sarnez-quittent-le-gouvernement.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/modem/assistants-parlementaires-du-modem/francois-bayrou-le-ministre-de-la-justice-annonce-qu-il-quitte-le-gouvernement-suivez-notre-direct_2246839.html">"DIRECT. La ministre des Affaires européennes, Marielle de Sarnez, quitte le gouvernement, dans la foulée du départ de François Bayrou"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i> (in French). 21 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809203447/http://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/modem/assistants-parlementaires-du-modem/francois-bayrou-le-ministre-de-la-justice-annonce-qu-il-quitte-le-gouvernement-suivez-notre-direct_2246839.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=DIRECT.+La+ministre+des+Affaires+europ%C3%A9ennes%2C+Marielle+de+Sarnez%2C+quitte+le+gouvernement%2C+dans+la+foul%C3%A9e+du+d%C3%A9part+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmodem%2Fassistants-parlementaires-du-modem%2Ffrancois-bayrou-le-ministre-de-la-justice-annonce-qu-il-quitte-le-gouvernement-suivez-notre-direct_2246839.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/modem/assistants-parlementaires-du-modem/francois-bayrou-est-relaxe-dans-l-affaire-des-assistants-parlementaires-europeens-du-modem_6346360.html">"François Bayrou relaxé dans l'affaire des assistants parlementaires européens du MoDem, son parti condamné"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i> (in French). 5 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+relax%C3%A9+dans+l%27affaire+des+assistants+parlementaires+europ%C3%A9ens+du+MoDem%2C+son+parti+condamn%C3%A9&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmodem%2Fassistants-parlementaires-du-modem%2Ffrancois-bayrou-est-relaxe-dans-l-affaire-des-assistants-parlementaires-europeens-du-modem_6346360.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/conseil-des-ministres/2020-09-03/mesures-d-ordre-individuel">"Compte rendu du Conseil des ministres du 3 septembre 2020, Mesures d'ordre individuel"</a>. <i>gouvernement.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gouvernement.fr&rft.atitle=Compte+rendu+du+Conseil+des+ministres+du+3+septembre+2020%2C+Mesures+d%27ordre+individuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Fconseil-des-ministres%2F2020-09-03%2Fmesures-d-ordre-individuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters.com-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tassilo Hummel (27 February 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macron-ally-offers-help-far-right-presidential-candidate-le-pen-2022-02-27/">Macron ally offers help to far-right presidential candidate Le Pen</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Vidalon (8 February 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/top-ally-bayrou-says-not-joining-french-government-blow-macron-2024-02-08/">Top ally Bayrou says not joining French government, in blow for Macron</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2024" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Paul (13 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyx04pmnrgo">"Macron names centrist Bayrou as French PM in bid to end political instability"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Macron+names+centrist+Bayrou+as+French+PM+in+bid+to+end+political+instability&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcwyx04pmnrgo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupontMandonnet2024" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dupont, Laureline; Mandonnet, Eric (13 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/politique/exclusif-francois-bayrou-a-matignon-son-echange-inoui-avec-macron-le-choix-avorte-de-lecornu-le-coup-PEMQPF54TBASBOPAXQQTAKOGJM/">"François Bayrou à Matignon : son échange inouï avec Macron, le choix avorté de Lecornu, le coup de fil à Le Pen"</a>. <i>L'Express</i> (in French). <q>Je suis venu avec vous pour faire de grandes choses ensemble, pas des petites choses. Si vous souhaitez faire des petites choses, je vous quitte.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%C3%A0+Matignon+%3A+son+%C3%A9change+inou%C3%AF+avec+Macron%2C+le+choix+avort%C3%A9+de+Lecornu%2C+le+coup+de+fil+%C3%A0+Le+Pen&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft.aulast=Dupont&rft.aufirst=Laureline&rft.au=Mandonnet%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fexclusif-francois-bayrou-a-matignon-son-echange-inoui-avec-macron-le-choix-avorte-de-lecornu-le-coup-PEMQPF54TBASBOPAXQQTAKOGJM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/francois-bayrou-se-rendra-au-conseil-municipal-de-pau-ce-lundi-et-compte-rester-maire-16-12-2024-FOU5F6LGPJDUHFQ2PXQSKNUIHA.php">"François Bayrou se rendra au conseil municipal de Pau ce lundi et compte rester maire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i> (in French). 16 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+se+rendra+au+conseil+municipal+de+Pau+ce+lundi+et+compte+rester+maire&rft.date=2024-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Ffrancois-bayrou-se-rendra-au-conseil-municipal-de-pau-ce-lundi-et-compte-rester-maire-16-12-2024-FOU5F6LGPJDUHFQ2PXQSKNUIHA.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2024/12/17/francois-bayrou-reste-maire-et-propose-de-revenir-sur-le-non-cumul-des-mandats_6452692_823448.html">"François Bayrou reste maire de Pau et propose de revenir sur le non-cumul des mandats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French). 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+reste+maire+de+Pau+et+propose+de+revenir+sur+le+non-cumul+des+mandats&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2024%2F12%2F17%2Ffrancois-bayrou-reste-maire-et-propose-de-revenir-sur-le-non-cumul-des-mandats_6452692_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporterre.net/Bayrou-s-est-rendu-au-conseil-municipal-de-Pau-en-jet-presidentiel">"Bayrou s'est rendu au conseil municipal de Pau en jet présidentiel"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporterre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporterre (page does not exist)">Reporterre</a></i> (in French). 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reporterre&rft.atitle=Bayrou+s%27est+rendu+au+conseil+municipal+de+Pau+en+jet+pr%C3%A9sidentiel&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freporterre.net%2FBayrou-s-est-rendu-au-conseil-municipal-de-Pau-en-jet-presidentiel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchet-Petersen2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bouchet-Petersen, Jonathan (17 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/politique/mayotte-en-miettes-et-francois-bayrou-a-pau-une-faute-majeure-et-choquante-20241217_PHJYLRULY5FU5J5CEOYLKRZWQA/">"Mayotte en miettes et François Bayrou à Pau : une faute majeure et choquante"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Mayotte+en+miettes+et+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%C3%A0+Pau+%3A+une+faute+majeure+et+choquante&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft.aulast=Bouchet-Petersen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fmayotte-en-miettes-et-francois-bayrou-a-pau-une-faute-majeure-et-choquante-20241217_PHJYLRULY5FU5J5CEOYLKRZWQA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/gouvernement/je-n-abuse-jamais-des-moyens-de-l-etat-bayrou-repond-aux-critiques-apres-s-etre-rendu-a-pau-en-jet_AV-202412170040.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Je n'abuse jamais des moyens de l'État": Bayrou répond aux critiques après s'être rendu à Pau en jet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BFMTV" class="mw-redirect" title="BFMTV">BFMTV</a></i> (in French). 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFMTV&rft.atitle=%22Je+n%27abuse+jamais+des+moyens+de+l%27%C3%89tat%22%3A+Bayrou+r%C3%A9pond+aux+critiques+apr%C3%A8s+s%27%C3%AAtre+rendu+%C3%A0+Pau+en+jet&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolitique%2Fgouvernement%2Fje-n-abuse-jamais-des-moyens-de-l-etat-bayrou-repond-aux-critiques-apres-s-etre-rendu-a-pau-en-jet_AV-202412170040.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/gouvernement-de-francois-bayrou/portraits-gouvernement-de-francois-bayrou-qui-sont-les-35-ministres-et-ministres-delegues_6970994.html">"PORTRAITS. Gouvernement de François Bayrou : qui sont les 35 ministres et ministres délégués ?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_Info" title="France Info">France Info</a></i> (in French). 24 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Info&rft.atitle=PORTRAITS.+Gouvernement+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%3A+qui+sont+les+35+ministres+et+ministres+d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gu%C3%A9s+%3F&rft.date=2024-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fgouvernement-de-francois-bayrou%2Fportraits-gouvernement-de-francois-bayrou-qui-sont-les-35-ministres-et-ministres-delegues_6970994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/meteo/cyclone-ouragan/cyclone-chido-a-mayotte/mayotte-debout-ce-qu-il-faut-retenir-du-plan-presente-par-francois-bayrou-sur-l-archipel-devaste-par-le-cyclone-chido_6984881.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Mayotte debout" : ce qu'il faut retenir du plan présenté par François Bayrou sur l'archipel, dévasté par le cyclone Chido"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_Info" title="France Info">France Info</a></i> (in French). 30 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+Info&rft.atitle=%22Mayotte+debout%22+%3A+ce+qu%27il+faut+retenir+du+plan+pr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9+par+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+sur+l%27archipel%2C+d%C3%A9vast%C3%A9+par+le+cyclone+Chido&rft.date=2024-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fmeteo%2Fcyclone-ouragan%2Fcyclone-chido-a-mayotte%2Fmayotte-debout-ce-qu-il-faut-retenir-du-plan-presente-par-francois-bayrou-sur-l-archipel-devaste-par-le-cyclone-chido_6984881.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250203-french-pm-set-to-force-budget-through-parliament">"French PM Bayrou uses special constitutional powers to force 2025 budget through parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+PM+Bayrou+uses+special+constitutional+powers+to+force+2025+budget+through+parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20250203-french-pm-set-to-force-budget-through-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/france-no-confidence-prime-minister-budget-bayrou-bardella-2fb48f5591135513de2e3ce049090493">"France's government survives a no-confidence vote and a budget is finally adopted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=France%E2%80%99s+government+survives+a+no-confidence+vote+and+a+budget+is+finally+adopted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffrance-no-confidence-prime-minister-budget-bayrou-bardella-2fb48f5591135513de2e3ce049090493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250210-%F0%9F%94%B4-french-pm-fran%C3%A7ois-bayrou-survives-another-no-confidence-vote-over-social-security-budget">"French PM François Bayrou survives another no-confidence vote over social security budget"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+PM+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+survives+another+no-confidence+vote+over+social+security+budget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20250210-%25F0%259F%2594%25B4-french-pm-fran%25C3%25A7ois-bayrou-survives-another-no-confidence-vote-over-social-security-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>, 23 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.net/index.php?page=interview&article=410650&lng=2">"François Bayrou: "L'Europe, c'est pas fait pour être mini"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Euronews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231853/http://www.euronews.net/index.php?page=interview&article=410650&lng=2">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou%3A+%22L%27Europe%2C+c%27est+pas+fait+pour+%C3%AAtre+mini%22&rft.pub=Euronews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dinterview%26article%3D410650%26lng%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sciolino, Elaine. "A 'Neither/Nor' Candidate for President Alters the French Political Landscape", <i>The New York Times</i> (8 March 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/le-pape-continue-de-choquer-19-03-2009-448330.php">"Le pape continue de choquer"</a>. <i>Le Parisien</i>. 19 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717011109/http://www.leparisien.fr/societe/le-pape-continue-de-choquer-19-03-2009-448330.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Le+pape+continue+de+choquer&rft.date=2009-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fsociete%2Fle-pape-continue-de-choquer-19-03-2009-448330.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L22161580.htm">"Reuters AlertNet – Call for Olympic boycott stirs up pre-poll France"</a>. Alertnet.org. 22 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701174351/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L22161580.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reuters+AlertNet+%E2%80%93+Call+for+Olympic+boycott+stirs+up+pre-poll+France&rft.pub=Alertnet.org&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FL22161580.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/050225/viols-sur-mineurs-betharram-les-mensonges-de-bayrou-pour-defendre-une-institution-catholique">https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/050225/viols-sur-mineurs-betharram-les-mensonges-de-bayrou-pour-defendre-une-institution-catholique</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/210225/betharram-le-gouvernement-s-attaque-desormais-la-lanceuse-d-alerte">https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/210225/betharram-le-gouvernement-s-attaque-desormais-la-lanceuse-d-alerte</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/150225/affaire-betharram-reforme-de-la-justice-la-republique-contre-ses-enfants">https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/150225/affaire-betharram-reforme-de-la-justice-la-republique-contre-ses-enfants</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bayrou is the sole author unless other names are mentioned. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>La Décennie des mal-appris</i>. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1990. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-066472-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-066472-7"><bdi>2-08-066472-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+D%C3%A9cennie+des+mal-appris&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=2-08-066472-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, subject(s): Enseignement—Réforme—France—1970–, Éducation et État—France—1970–.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Le roi libre</i>. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-066821-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-066821-8"><bdi>2-08-066821-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+roi+libre&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=2-08-066821-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span> le Grand livre du mois 1994, subject(s): Henri IV (roi de France ; 1553–1610) – Biographies, France—1589–1610 (Henri IV).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Le roi libre</i>. Paris: France loisirs. 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7242-8944-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-7242-8944-7"><bdi>2-7242-8944-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+roi+libre&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=France+loisirs&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=2-7242-8944-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetamendia1995" class="citation book cs1">Letamendia, Pierre (1995). <i>Le Mouvement républicain populaire : le MRP : histoire d'un grand parti français</i>. Paris: Beauchesne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7010-1327-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-7010-1327-5"><bdi>2-7010-1327-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Mouvement+r%C3%A9publicain+populaire+%3A+le+MRP+%3A+histoire+d%27un+grand+parti+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Beauchesne&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=2-7010-1327-5&rft.aulast=Letamendia&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, preface by François Bayrou.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Le droit au sens</i>. Paris: Flammarion. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-067204-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-067204-5"><bdi>2-08-067204-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+droit+au+sens&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-08-067204-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, le Grand livre du mois 1996, subject(s): Politique et éducation—France—1990–, France—Conditions sociales—1981–.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelly1996" class="citation book cs1">Gelly, Violaine (1996). <i>François Bayrou : portrait</i>. [Étrépilly]: Bartillat. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84100-048-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-84100-048-6"><bdi>2-84100-048-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%3A+portrait&rft.place=%5B%C3%89tr%C3%A9pilly%5D&rft.pub=Bartillat&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-84100-048-6&rft.aulast=Gelly&rft.aufirst=Violaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Le roi libre</i>. Paris: Éd. J'ai lu. 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-277-24183-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-277-24183-0"><bdi>2-277-24183-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+roi+libre&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+J%27ai+lu&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-277-24183-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, series: J'ai lu 4183.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichellandSéguy,_Philippe1996" class="citation book cs1">Michelland, Antoine; Séguy, Philippe (1996). <i>François Bayrou : "et si la Providence veut"</i>. Monaco ; [Paris]: Éd. du Rocher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-268-02400-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-268-02400-8"><bdi>2-268-02400-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou+%3A+%22et+si+la+Providence+veut%22&rft.place=Monaco+%3B+%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=%C3%89d.+du+Rocher&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-268-02400-8&rft.aulast=Michelland&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft.au=S%C3%A9guy%2C+Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance._Ministère_de_l'éducation_nationale,_de_l'enseignement_supérieur_et_de_la_recherche_(1995–1997)c._1996" class="citation book cs1">France. Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (1995–1997) (c. 1996). <i>Les États généraux de l'Université</i>. Paris: ONISEP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+%C3%89tats+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=ONISEP&rft.au=France.+Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+nationale%2C+de+l%27enseignement+sup%C3%A9rieur+et+de+la+recherche+%281995%E2%80%931997%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span>, preface by François Bayrou.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance._Ministère_de_l'éducation_nationale,_de_l'enseignement_supérieur_et_de_la_recherche_(1995–1997)1996" class="citation book cs1">France. Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (1995–1997) (1996). <i>Les États généraux de l'Université : intervention de François Bayrou, ministre de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, Grand amphithéâtre de la Sorbonne, 18 juin 1996</i>. [Paris]: [Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+%C3%89tats+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+%3A+intervention+de+Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou%2C+ministre+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+nationale%2C+de+l%27enseignement+sup%C3%A9rieur+et+de+la+recherche%2C+Grand+amphith%C3%A9%C3%A2tre+de+la+Sorbonne%2C+18+juin+1996&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=%5BMinist%C3%A8re+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+nationale%2C+de+l%27enseignement+sup%C3%A9rieur+et+de+la+recherche%5D&rft.date=1996&rft.au=France.+Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation+nationale%2C+de+l%27enseignement+sup%C3%A9rieur+et+de+la+recherche+%281995%E2%80%931997%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Saint-louis</i>. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-067208-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-067208-8"><bdi>2-08-067208-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint-louis&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=2-08-067208-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Henri IV</i>. [Paris]: Perrin jeunesse. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-262-01301-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-262-01301-2"><bdi>2-262-01301-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henri+IV&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Perrin+jeunesse&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=2-262-01301-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, subject(s): Henri IV (roi de France ; 1553–1610 ) – Ouvrages pour la jeunesse.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ils portaient l'écharpe blanche : l'aventure des premiers réformés, des Guerres de religion à l'édit de Nantes, de la Révocation à la Révolution</i>. Paris: B. Grasset. 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-246-55981-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-246-55981-2"><bdi>2-246-55981-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ils+portaient+l%27%C3%A9charpe+blanche+%3A+l%27aventure+des+premiers+r%C3%A9form%C3%A9s%2C+des+Guerres+de+religion+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9dit+de+Nantes%2C+de+la+R%C3%A9vocation+%C3%A0+la+R%C3%A9volution&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=B.+Grasset&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=2-246-55981-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Henri IV : le roi libre</i>. [Paris]: Flammarion. 1999. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-08-067725-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-08-067725-X"><bdi>2-08-067725-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henri+IV+%3A+le+roi+libre&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=2-08-067725-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, le Grand livre du mois 1999.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayrouPierre-Brossolette,_Sylvie1999" class="citation book cs1">Bayrou, François; Pierre-Brossolette, Sylvie (1999). <i>Hors des sentiers battus : entretiens avec Sylvie Pierre-Brossolette</i>. Paris: Hachette littératures. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-01-235258-8" title="Special:BookSources/2-01-235258-8"><bdi>2-01-235258-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hors+des+sentiers+battus+%3A+entretiens+avec+Sylvie+Pierre-Brossolette&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette+litt%C3%A9ratures&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=2-01-235258-8&rft.aulast=Bayrou&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Pierre-Brossolette%2C+Sylvie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ils portaient l'écharpe blanche : l'aventure des premiers réformés, des Guerres de religion à l'édit de Nantes, de la Révocation à la Révolution</i>. Paris: Librairie générale française. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-253-14779-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-253-14779-6"><bdi>2-253-14779-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ils+portaient+l%27%C3%A9charpe+blanche+%3A+l%27aventure+des+premiers+r%C3%A9form%C3%A9s%2C+des+Guerres+de+religion+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9dit+de+Nantes%2C+de+la+R%C3%A9vocation+%C3%A0+la+R%C3%A9volution&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Librairie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-253-14779-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, series: Le livre de poche 14779.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaline2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nadine-Josette_Chaline" title="Nadine-Josette Chaline">Chaline, Nadine-Josette</a> (2000). <i>Jean Lecanuet</i>. Paris: Beauchesne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7010-1405-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-7010-1405-0"><bdi>2-7010-1405-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean+Lecanuet&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Beauchesne&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-7010-1405-0&rft.aulast=Chaline&rft.aufirst=Nadine-Josette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, "témoignages de François Bayrou et de Dominique Baudis", series: Politiques & chrétiens 16.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>François Bayrou, Qui êtes-vous ? Que proposez-vous ?</i>. [Paris]: Archipel. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84187-283-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-84187-283-1"><bdi>2-84187-283-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou%2C+Qui+%C3%AAtes-vous+%3F+Que+proposez-vous+%3F&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Archipel&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=2-84187-283-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span>, series: L'Info. Citoyenne.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Relève</i>. [Paris]: Grasset. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-246-61821-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-246-61821-5"><bdi>2-246-61821-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rel%C3%A8ve&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Grasset&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=2-246-61821-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Oui : Plaidoyer pour la Constitution européenne</i>. [Paris]: Plon. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-259-20183-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-259-20183-0"><bdi>2-259-20183-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oui+%3A+Plaidoyer+pour+la+Constitution+europ%C3%A9enne&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=2-259-20183-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Au nom du Tiers-État</i>. [Paris]: Hachette. October 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-01-237250-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-01-237250-3"><bdi>2-01-237250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Au+nom+du+Tiers-%C3%89tat&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2006-10&rft.isbn=2-01-237250-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Projet d'Espoir</i>. [Paris]: Plon. March 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-259-20162-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-259-20162-9"><bdi>978-2-259-20162-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Projet+d%27Espoir&rft.place=%5BParis%5D&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=2007-03&rft.isbn=978-2-259-20162-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Bayrou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Abus de pouvoir</i>, [Paris] Plon, 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-259-20876-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-259-20876-5">978-2-259-20876-5</a></li> <li><i>2012, Etat d'urgence</i>, [Paris] Plon, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-259-21661-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-259-21661-6">978-2-259-21661-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" class="extiw" title="commons:François Bayrou"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">François Bayrou</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayrou.fr">bayrou.fr – Campaign Website</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesdemocrates.fr">lesdemocrates.fr – Website of Bayrou's party</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107070943/http://www.france-democrate.fr/">france-democrate.fr – Website on the Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/bayrou">bayrou.fr – Video Channel on YouTube</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427215615/http://www.bayrouvideo.com/">Video François Bayrou </a> (not linked to François Bayrou)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060507062439/http://www.bayroublog.com/">François Bayrou Blog</a> (not linked to François Bayrou)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424052421/http://www.mouvementdemocrate.org.uk/">Site du Mouvement Democrate en Grande-Bretagne</a> (Website of Bayrou's party in the UK and Ireland)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesdemocratesameriquedunord.com/">Blog du Mouvement Democrate en Amerique du Nord – Etats-Unis et Canada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217230110/http://lesdemocratesameriquedunord.com/">Archived</a> 17 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Website of Bayrou's party in North America)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">Minister of National Education</a> </b><br />1993–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claude_All%C3%A8gre" title="Claude Allègre">Claude Allègre</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Urvoas" title="Jean-Jacques Urvoas">Jean-Jacques Urvoas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice</a> </b><br />2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Belloubet" title="Nicole Belloubet">Nicole Belloubet</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> </b><br />2024–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_L%C3%A9otard" title="François Léotard">François Léotard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">Union for French Democracy</a> </b><br />1998–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Position abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a> </b><br />2007–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></div><i><b>as President of the Republic </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/French_order_of_precedence" title="French order of precedence">Order of precedence in France</a><br /><i>Prime Minister</i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Larcher" title="Gérard Larcher">Gérard Larcher</a></div><i><b>as President of the Senate </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_France497" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Template talk:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_government_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of government of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_France497" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_France" title="List of prime ministers of France">Heads of government of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Dessolles,_1st_Marquis_Dessolles" title="Jean Joseph Dessolles, 1st Marquis Dessolles">Dessolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie,_duc_Decazes" title="Élie, duc Decazes">Decazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Emmanuel_de_Vignerot_du_Plessis,_5th_Duke_of_Richelieu" title="Armand Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu">Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Gay,_1st_Viscount_of_Martignac" title="Jean Baptiste Gay, 1st Viscount of Martignac">Martignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_P%C3%A9rier" title="Casimir Pierre Périer">Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard" title="Étienne Maurice Gérard">Gérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues-Bernard_Maret,_duc_de_Bassano" title="Hugues-Bernard Maret, duc de Bassano">Maret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Treviso" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Treviso">Mortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1785%E2%80%931870)" title="Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)">V. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Guizot" title="François Guizot">Guizot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">Dupont de l'Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago" title="François Arago">Arago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis-Eugène Cavaignac">Cavaignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilon_Barrot" title="Odilon Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Henri_d%27Hautpoul" title="Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul">Hautpoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Faucher" title="Léon Faucher">Faucher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cousin-Montauban,_Comte_de_Palikao" title="Charles Cousin-Montauban, Comte de Palikao">Cousin-Montauban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of<br />National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Trochu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey" title="Ernest Courtot de Cissey">Cissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">A. de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">Rochebouët</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Waddington" title="William Waddington">Waddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Floquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Freycinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Loubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Méline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Waldeck-Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes" title="Émile Combes">Combes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Darlan" title="François Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional<br />Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Laniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Mendès France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban-Delmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Mauroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Rocard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Jospin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Raffarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Villepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Cazeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Castex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Borne" title="Élisabeth Borne">Borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Attal" title="Gabriel Attal">Attal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Barnier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bayrou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.4em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">Chief minister of France</a> (pre-Revolution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Deputy Prime Minister of France">Deputy Prime Minister</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_government266" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government" title="Template talk:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_government266" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Larbaoui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Apollinaire_J._Ky%C3%A9lem_de_Tamb%C3%A8la" title="Apollinaire J. Kyélem de Tambèla">Tambèla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Burundi: <a href="/wiki/Gervais_Ndirakobuca" title="Gervais Ndirakobuca">Ndirakobuca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ngute" title="Joseph Ngute">Ngute</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Correia e Silva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Moloua" title="Félix Moloua">Moloua</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chad: <a href="/wiki/Allamaye_Halina" title="Allamaye Halina">Halina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Suminwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso" title="Anatole Collinet Makosso">Makosso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Abdoulkader_Kamil_Mohamed" title="Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed">Mohamed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly" title="Mostafa Madbouly">Madbouly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua" title="Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua">Osa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Eswatini: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Dlamini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ndong_Sima" title="Raymond Ndong Sima">Sima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Bah_Oury" title="Bah Oury">Oury</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Rui_Duarte_de_Barros" title="Rui Duarte de Barros">Duarte de Barros</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Beugr%C3%A9_Mamb%C3%A9" title="Robert Beugré Mambé">Beugre Mambe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Libya: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh" title="Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh">Dbeibeh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lesotho: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Matekane" title="Sam Matekane">Matekane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ntsay" title="Christian Ntsay">Ntsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mali: <a href="/wiki/Choguel_Kokalla_Ma%C3%AFga" title="Choguel Kokalla Maïga">Maïga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay" title="Mokhtar Ould Djay">Djay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Pravind_Jugnauth" title="Pravind Jugnauth">Jugnauth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Morocco: <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch" title="Aziz Akhannouch">Akhannouch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Maleiane" title="Adriano Maleiane">Maleiane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Saara_Kuugongelwa" title="Saara Kuugongelwa">Kuugongelwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Niger: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine" title="Ali Lamine Zeine">Zeine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Ngirente" title="Édouard Ngirente">Ngirente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <i><a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bayoun</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rico_Ramos" title="Américo Ramos">Ramos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Sonko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/David_Moinina_Sengeh" title="David Moinina Sengeh">Sengeh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Barre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Somaliland: <i><a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Osman_Hussein_(politician)" title="Osman Hussein (politician)">Hussein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Majaliwa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Togo: <a href="/wiki/Victoire_Tomegah_Dogb%C3%A9" title="Victoire Tomegah Dogbé">Dogbé</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kamel_Madouri" title="Kamel Madouri">Madouri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Robinah_Nabbanja" title="Robinah Nabbanja">Nabbanja</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Abkhazia: <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ankvab" title="Alexander Ankvab">Ankvab</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Afghanistan: <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Akhund" title="Hasan Akhund">Akhund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bahrain: <a href="/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa" title="Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bhutan: <a href="/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay" title="Tshering Tobgay">Tobgay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brunei: <a href="/wiki/Al-Muhtadee_Billah" title="Al-Muhtadee Billah">Billah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cambodia: <a href="/wiki/Hun_Manet" title="Hun Manet">Manet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">China: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang" title="Li Qiang">Li</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">East Timor: <a href="/wiki/Xanana_Gusm%C3%A3o" title="Xanana Gusmão">Gusmão</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">India: <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iran: <a href="/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian" title="Masoud Pezeshkian">Pezeshkian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Sudani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Israel: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Japan: <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ishiba" title="Shigeru Ishiba">Ishiba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jordan: <a href="/wiki/Jafar_Hassan" title="Jafar Hassan">Hassan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov" title="Oljas Bektenov">Bektenov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kuwait: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah">Sabah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Akylbek_Japarov" title="Akylbek Japarov">Japarov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Laos: <a href="/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone" title="Sonexay Siphandone">Siphandone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Nawaf_Salam" title="Nawaf Salam">Salam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malaysia: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Luvsannamsrain_Oyun-Erdene" title="Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene">Oyun-Erdene</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nepal: <a href="/wiki/K._P._Sharma_Oli" title="K. P. Sharma Oli">Oli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Pak_Thae-song" title="Pak Thae-song">Pak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Sharif</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Palestine: <i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(politician)" title="Mohammad Mustafa (politician)">Mustafa</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Marcos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Qatar: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani" title="Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani">Thani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Salman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Wong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">South Ossetia: <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Dzhussoev" title="Konstantin Dzhussoev">Dzhussoev</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Harini_Amarasuriya" title="Harini Amarasuriya">Amarasuriya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Syria: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Al-Bashir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Taiwan: <i><a href="/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai" title="Cho Jung-tai">Cho</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Kokhir_Rasulzoda" title="Kokhir Rasulzoda">Rasulzoda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Thailand: <a href="/wiki/Paetongtarn_Shinawatra" title="Paetongtarn Shinawatra">Paetongtarn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United Arab Emirates: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov" title="Abdulla Aripov">Aripov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Awad_bin_Mubarak" title="Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak">Mubarak</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Albania: <a href="/wiki/Edi_Rama" title="Edi Rama">Rama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Andorra: <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora" title="Xavier Espot Zamora">Espot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan" title="Nikol Pashinyan">Pashinyan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schallenberg" title="Alexander Schallenberg">Schallenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Asadov" title="Ali Asadov">Asadov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belarus: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" title="Roman Golovchenko">Golovchenko</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belgium: <a href="/wiki/Bart_De_Wever" title="Bart De Wever">De Wever</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Borjana_Kri%C5%A1to" title="Borjana Krišto">Krišto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rosen_Zhelyazkov" title="Rosen Zhelyazkov">Zhelyazkov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Faroe Islands: <a href="/wiki/Aksel_V._Johannesen" title="Aksel V. Johannesen">Johannesen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finland: <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">France: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bayrou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Georgia (country): <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Germany: <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greece: <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Kristr%C3%BAn_Frostad%C3%B3ttir" title="Kristrún Frostadóttir">Kristrún</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Martin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Italy: <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Kosovo: <i><a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Kurti</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Liechtenstein: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Risch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gintautas_Paluckas" title="Gintautas Paluckas">Paluckas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Luxembourg: <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Malta: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Dorin_Recean" title="Dorin Recean">Recean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Monaco: <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Berro-Amade%C3%AF" title="Isabelle Berro-Amadeï">Berro-Amadeï</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Milojko_Spaji%C4%87" title="Milojko Spajić">Spajić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski" title="Hristijan Mickoski">Mickoski</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norway: <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_St%C3%B8re" title="Jonas Gahr Støre">Støre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Poland: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Romania: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Ciolacu" title="Marcel Ciolacu">Ciolacu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Russia: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mishustin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Vu%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Miloš Vučević">Vučević</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Spain: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Jans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Erdoğan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Shmyhal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vatican City: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_V%C3%A9rgez_Alzaga" title="Fernando Vérgez Alzaga">Vérgez Alzaga</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Aruba: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wever-Croes" title="Evelyn Wever-Croes">Wever-Croes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Anguilla: <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Webster" title="Ellis Webster">Webster</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Antigua and Barbuda: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bahamas: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)" title="Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)">Davis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bermuda: <a href="/wiki/David_Burt_(politician)" title="David Burt (politician)">Burt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Belize: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Briceño</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">British Virgin Islands: <a href="/wiki/Natalio_Wheatley" title="Natalio Wheatley">Wheatley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cayman Islands: <a href="/wiki/Julianna_O%27Connor-Connolly" title="Julianna O'Connor-Connolly">O'Connor-Connolly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz">Marrero Cruz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Curaçao: <a href="/wiki/Gilmar_Pisas" title="Gilmar Pisas">Pisas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Canada: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Trudeau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Abinader</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenland: <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Egede</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Grenada: <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Arévalo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Alix_Didier_Fils-Aim%C3%A9" title="Alix Didier Fils-Aimé">Fils-Aimé</a>*</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Jamaica: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Holness" title="Andrew Holness">Holness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Sheinbaum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Montserrat: <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Meade" title="Reuben Meade">Meade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Kitts and Nevis: <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Lucia: <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Rowley" title="Keith Rowley">Rowley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United States of America: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Noboa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Ali</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Peña</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Peru: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Adrianz%C3%A9n" title="Gustavo Adrianzén">Adrianzén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Santokhi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Lacalle Pou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Australia: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Cook Islands: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands)" title="Mark Brown (Cook Islands)">Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">Adeang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Luxon" title="Christopher Luxon">Luxon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Niue: <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi" title="Dalton Tagelagi">Tagelagi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Papua New Guinea: <a href="/wiki/James_Marape" title="James Marape">Marape</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Fiam%C4%93_Naomi_Mata%CA%BBafa" title="Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa">Mataʻafa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Solomon Islands: <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Manele" title="Jeremiah Manele">Manele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tonga: <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAisake_Eke" title="ʻAisake Eke">Eke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Tuvalu: <a href="/wiki/Feleti_Teo" title="Feleti Teo">Teo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Charlot_Salwai" title="Charlot Salwai">Salwai</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of government <b>·</b> <i>Italics</i> indicate a head of government of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_justice_of_France_since_1790395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_justice_(France)" title="Template:Ministers of justice (France)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_justice_(France)" title="Template talk:Ministers of justice (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_justice_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of justice (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_justice_of_France_since_1790395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Ministers of justice</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> since 1790</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until the<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of<br />National Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite-Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Duport-Dutertre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marguerite-Louis-François Duport-Dutertre (page does not exist)">Duport-Dutertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Duranton" title="Antoine Duranton">Duranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Joly" title="Étienne de Joly">de Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Joseph_Garat" title="Dominique Joseph Garat">Garat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Gohier" title="Louis-Jérôme Gohier">Gohier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Victor_G%C3%A9nissieu" title="Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu">Génissieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Mathieu_Lambrechts" title="Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts">Lambrechts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques-R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Joseph_Abrial" title="André Joseph Abrial">Abrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ambroise_R%C3%A9gnier" title="Claude Ambroise Régnier">Régnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Louis-Mathieu Molé">Molé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Nicolas_Henrion_de_Pansey" title="Pierre Paul Nicolas Henrion de Pansey">de Pansey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dambray" title="Charles Dambray">Dambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques-R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Boulay_de_la_Meurthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Boulay de la Meurthe (page does not exist)">de la Meurthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Denis_Pasquier" title="Étienne-Denis Pasquier">Pasquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Barb%C3%A9-Marbois" title="François Barbé-Marbois">Barbé-Marbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dambray" title="Charles Dambray">Dambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Denis_Pasquier" title="Étienne-Denis Pasquier">Pasquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercule_de_Serre" title="Hercule de Serre">de Serre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Denis,_Comte_de_Peyronnet" title="Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet">de Peyronnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie,_comte_Portalis" title="Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis">Portalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Bourdeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Bourdeau (page does not exist)">Bourdeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Antoine_de_Courvoisier" title="Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier">de Courvoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Chantelauze" title="Jean de Chantelauze">de Chantelauze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Charles_Dupont_de_l%27Eure" title="Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure">de l'Eure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M%C3%A9rilhou" title="Joseph Mérilhou">Mérilhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Barthe" title="Félix Barthe">Barthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Persil" title="Jean-Charles Persil">Persil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jean_Pierre_Sauzet" title="Paul Jean Pierre Sauzet">Sauzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Persil" title="Jean-Charles Persil">Persil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Barthe" title="Félix Barthe">Barthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Girod_de_l%27Ain" title="Amédée Girod de l'Ain">de l'Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Teste" title="Jean-Baptiste Teste">Teste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Fran%C3%A7ois_Vivien" title="Alexandre-François Vivien">Vivien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Martin_du_Nord" title="Nicolas Martin du Nord">du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_H%C3%A9bert" title="Michel Hébert">Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Cr%C3%A9mieux" title="Adolphe Crémieux">Crémieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Bethmont" title="Eugène Bethmont">Bethmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_de_Saint-Georges" title="Pierre Marie de Saint-Georges">de Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher" title="Eugène Rouher">Rouher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Corbin" title="Eugène Corbin">Corbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Daviel" title="Alfred Daviel">Daviel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher" title="Eugène Rouher">Rouher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Abbatucci_(politician)" title="Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (politician)">Abbatucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_de_Royer" title="Ernest de Royer">de Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Alphonse_Delangle" title="Claude Alphonse Delangle">Delangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Baroche" title="Jules Baroche">Baroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Duvergier" title="Jean-Baptiste Duvergier">Duvergier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Ollivier" title="Émile Ollivier">Ollivier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Grandperret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Grandperret (page does not exist)">Grandperret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Cr%C3%A9mieux" title="Adolphe Crémieux">Crémieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Ernoul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Ernoul (page does not exist)">Ernoul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octave_Depeyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octave Depeyre (page does not exist)">Depeyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Tailhand" title="Adrien Tailhand">Tailhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Martel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Martel (page does not exist)">Martel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_de_Broglie,_4th_Duke_of_Broglie" title="Albert de Broglie, 4th Duke of Broglie">de Broglie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Le_Pelletier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Le Pelletier (page does not exist)">Le Pelletier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Le_Royer" title="Philippe Le Royer">Le Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Cazot" title="Jules Cazot">Cazot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Humbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Humbert (page does not exist)">Humbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dev%C3%A8s" title="Paul Devès">Devès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Martin-Feuill%C3%A9e" title="Félix Martin-Feuillée">Martin-Feuillée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dem%C3%B4le" title="Charles Demôle">Demôle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Mazeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Mazeau (page does not exist)">Mazeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Ferrouillat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Ferrouillat (page does not exist)">Ferrouillat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Edmond_Guyot_Dessaigne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean François Edmond Guyot Dessaigne (page does not exist)">Dessaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Th%C3%A9venet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Thévenet (page does not exist)">Thévenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ricard" title="Louis Ricard">Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Develle" title="Jules Develle">Develle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Eugène Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Dubost" title="Antonin Dubost">Dubost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Eugène Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Trarieux" title="Ludovic Trarieux">Trarieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ricard" title="Louis Ricard">Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Darlan" title="Jean-Baptiste Darlan">Darlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Milliard" title="Victor Milliard">Milliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lebret" title="Georges Lebret">Lebret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vall%C3%A9" title="Ernest Vallé">Vallé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chaumi%C3%A9" title="Joseph Chaumié">Chaumié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Edmond_Guyot_Dessaigne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean François Edmond Guyot Dessaigne (page does not exist)">Dessaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9odore_Girard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théodore Girard (page does not exist)">Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Perrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Perrier (page does not exist)">Perrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cruppi" title="Jean Cruppi">Cruppi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antony_Ratier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antony Ratier (page does not exist)">Ratier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bienvenu-Martin" title="Jean-Baptiste Bienvenu-Martin">Bienvenu-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bienvenu-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Bienvenu-Martin (page does not exist)">Bienvenu-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Péret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nail" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Nail">Nail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lhopiteau" title="Gustave Lhopiteau">Lhopiteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Bonnevay" title="Laurent Bonnevay">Bonnevay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Colrat" title="Maurice Colrat">Colrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Lefebvre_du_Prey" title="Edmond Lefebvre du Prey">du Prey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antony_Ratier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antony Ratier (page does not exist)">Ratier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Colrat" title="Maurice Colrat">Colrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Hubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Hubert (page does not exist)">Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Péret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_B%C3%A9rard" title="Léon Bérard">Bérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gardey" title="Abel Gardey">Gardey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Penancier" title="Eugène Penancier">Penancier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dalimier" title="Albert Dalimier">Dalimier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Raynaldy" title="Eugène Raynaldy">Raynaldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Penancier" title="Eugène Penancier">Penancier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L%C3%A9mery" title="Henry Lémery">Lémery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pernot" title="Georges Pernot">Pernot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_B%C3%A9rard" title="Léon Bérard">Bérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Rucart" title="Marc Rucart">Rucart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Auriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Campinchi" title="César Campinchi">Campinchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Rucart" title="Marc Rucart">Rucart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_S%C3%A9rol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Sérol (page does not exist)">Sérol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fr%C3%A9micourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Frémicourt (page does not exist)">Frémicourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_Alibert" title="Raphaël Alibert">Alibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Joseph Barthélemy">Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Gabolde" title="Maurice Gabolde">Gabolde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Abadie" title="Jules Abadie">Abadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Menthon" title="François de Menthon">de Menthon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of<br />the French Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Menthon" title="François de Menthon">de Menthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Henri_Teitgen" title="Pierre-Henri Teitgen">Teitgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lecourt" title="Robert Lecourt">Lecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lecourt" title="Robert Lecourt">Lecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Martinaud-D%C3%A9plat" title="Léon Martinaud-Déplat">Martinaud-Déplat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ribeyre" title="Paul Ribeyre">Ribeyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Hugues" title="Émile Hugues">Hugues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Gu%C3%A9rin_du_Bosq_de_Beaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Michel Guérin du Bosq de Beaumont (page does not exist)">De Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel Temple (page does not exist)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Corniglion-Molinier" title="Édouard Corniglion-Molinier">Corniglion-Molinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lecourt" title="Robert Lecourt">Lecourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Michelet" title="Edmond Michelet">Michelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Chenot" title="Bernard Chenot">Chenot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Foyer" title="Jean Foyer">Foyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joxe" title="Louis Joxe">Joxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Capitant" title="René Capitant">Capitant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marcel_Jeanneney" title="Jean-Marcel Jeanneney">Jeanneney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Taittinger" title="Jean Taittinger">Taittinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lecanuet" title="Jean Lecanuet">Lecanuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Guichard" title="Olivier Guichard">Guichard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Peyrefitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Faure" title="Maurice Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Badinter" title="Robert Badinter">Badinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Cr%C3%A9peau" title="Michel Crépeau">Crépeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albin_Chalandon" title="Albin Chalandon">Chalandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Arpaillange" title="Pierre Arpaillange">Arpaillange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nallet" title="Henri Nallet">Nallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vauzelle" title="Michel Vauzelle">Vauzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_M%C3%A9haignerie" title="Pierre Méhaignerie">Méhaignerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Toubon" title="Jacques Toubon">Toubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou" title="Élisabeth Guigou">Guigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marylise_Lebranchu" title="Marylise Lebranchu">Lebranchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Perben" title="Dominique Perben">Perben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Pascal Clément">Clément</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Dati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mercier" title="Michel Mercier">Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Taubira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Urvoas" title="Jean-Jacques Urvoas">Urvoas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bayrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Belloubet" title="Nicole Belloubet">Belloubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Dupond-Moretti" title="Éric Dupond-Moretti">Dupond-Moretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didier_Migaud" title="Didier Migaud">Migaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Darmanin" title="Gérald Darmanin">Darmanin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a>; incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">FN</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Bayrou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlette_Laguiller" title="Arlette Laguiller">Arlette Laguiller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Struggle">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Chev%C3%A8nement" title="Jean-Pierre Chevènement">Jean-Pierre Chevènement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Citizen_and_Republican_Movement" title="Citizen and Republican Movement">MDC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(France)" title="The Greens (France)">LV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Besancenot" title="Olivier Besancenot">Olivier Besancenot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(France)" title="Revolutionary Communist League (France)">LCR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Saint-Josse" title="Jean Saint-Josse">Jean Saint-Josse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hunting,_Fishing,_Nature,_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions">CPNT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Madelin" title="Alain Madelin">Alain Madelin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democracy_(France)" title="Liberal Democracy (France)">DL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hue" title="Robert Hue">Robert Hue</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_M%C3%A9gret" title="Bruno Mégret">Bruno Mégret</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">MNR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">PRG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Lepage" title="Corinne Lepage">Corinne Lepage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cap21" title="Cap21">Cap21</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Boutin" title="Christine Boutin">Christine Boutin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Social_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum of Social Republicans">FRS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gluckstein" title="Daniel Gluckstein">Daniel Gluckstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Party (France)">PT</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gol%C3%A8ne_Royal" title="Ségolène Royal">Ségolène Royal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Bayrou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_French_Democracy" title="Union for French Democracy">UDF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">FN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Besancenot" title="Olivier Besancenot">Olivier Besancenot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(France)" title="Revolutionary Communist League (France)">LCR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">Philippe de Villiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Movement_for_France" title="Movement for France">MPF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-George_Buffet" title="Marie-George Buffet">Marie-George Buffet</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(France)" title="The Greens (France)">LV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlette_Laguiller" title="Arlette Laguiller">Arlette Laguiller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bov%C3%A9" title="José Bové">José Bové</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_left" title="Miscellaneous left">miscellaneous left</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Nihous" title="Frédéric Nihous">Frédéric Nihous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hunting,_Fishing,_Nature_and_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions">CPNT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Schivardi" title="Gérard Schivardi">Gérard Schivardi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Party (France)">PT</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/2012_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande_presidential_campaign" title="2012 François Hollande presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>; incumbent)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">FN</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/2012_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign" title="2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(France)" title="Left Front (France)">FG</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">François Bayrou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Joly" title="Eva Joly">Eva Joly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/2012_Eva_Joly_presidential_campaign" title="2012 Eva Joly presidential campaign">campaign</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cheminade" title="Jacques Cheminade">Jacques Cheminade</a> (<a href="/wiki/LaRouche_movement" title="LaRouche movement">SP</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12963#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2606" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12963#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2606" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12963#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012282245X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79073117">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/283220/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqFQKdpGJBhhGT4TXGvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120031604">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91027173">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121807424">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121807424">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00807826">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bayrou, Francois"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V181344">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990000536&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1201475">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p15720409X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98009525">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007421423305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14310295">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bayrou, François"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09427059?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16240920600">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/516">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/4324">MEP directory</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030381541">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=François_Bayrou&oldid=1277148191">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=François_Bayrou&oldid=1277148191</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1951_births" title="Category:1951 births">1951 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2002_French_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election">Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2007_French_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election">Candidates in the 2007 French presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_2012_French_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election">Candidates in the 2012 French presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Centre_of_Social_Democrats_politicians" title="Category:Centre of Social Democrats politicians">Centre of Social Democrats politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Force_(France)_politicians" title="Category:Democratic Force (France) politicians">Democratic Force (France) politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Union_for_French_Democracy_politicians" title="Category:Union for French Democracy politicians">Union for French Democracy politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Movement_(France)_politicians" title="Category:Democratic Movement (France) politicians">Democratic Movement (France) politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_8th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 8th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 8th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_9th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_10th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_11th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_12th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deputies_of_the_13th_National_Assembly_of_the_French_Fifth_Republic" title="Category:Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic">Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Democratic_Party" title="Category:European Democratic Party">European Democratic Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_justice_of_France" title="Category:Ministers of justice of France">Ministers of justice of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_national_education_of_France" title="Category:Ministers of national education of France">Ministers of national education of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:French Roman Catholics">French Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gandhians" title="Category:Gandhians">Gandhians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_places_in_Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Category:Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Mayors of places in Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Category:People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Nouvelle-Aquitaine" title="Category:Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine">Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_ministers_of_France" title="Category:State ministers of France">State ministers of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Departmental_councillors_(France)" title="Category:Departmental councillors (France)">Departmental councillors (France)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_French_departments" title="Category:Presidents of French departments">Presidents of French departments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Irish_descent" title="Category:French people of Irish descent">French people of Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prime_ministers_of_France" title="Category:Prime ministers of France">Prime ministers of France</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2017">Use dmy dates from May 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_French_IPA" title="Category:Pages with French IPA">Pages with French IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 February 2025, at 23:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">François Bayrou</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>40 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-xvm4j","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.203","walltime":"1.448","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21620,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":336741,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19244,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":296709,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1233.985 1 -total"," 32.56% 401.772 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 20.85% 257.293 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.29% 176.335 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 10.25% 126.487 12 Template:Cite_news"," 8.16% 100.703 1 Template:IPA"," 6.45% 79.543 26 Template:Cite_web"," 6.43% 79.405 6 Template:Navbox"," 6.29% 77.650 23 Template:Cite_book"," 5.54% 68.341 1 Template:Heads_of_government_of_France"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.713","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20061535,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7d44b9cd95-lccrg","timestamp":"20250222233452","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fran\u00e7ois Bayrou","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-30T02:21:31Z","dateModified":"2025-02-22T23:34:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ad\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou_%28L%C3%A9gislatives_2024%29.jpg","headline":"French politician and Prime Minister of the French Republic since 2024"}</script> </body> </html>