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Douglas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Beverly B. Douglas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BeverlyBDouglas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BeverlyBDouglas.jpg/220px-BeverlyBDouglas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BeverlyBDouglas.jpg/330px-BeverlyBDouglas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/BeverlyBDouglas.jpg/440px-BeverlyBDouglas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1646" data-file-height="2020" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 1st congressional district">1st</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1875 – December 22, 1878</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Beverly_Sener" class="mw-redirect" title="James Beverly Sener">James B. Sener</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._T._Beale" title="Richard L. T. Beale">Richard L. T. Beale</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a> from <a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex</a> Counties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1852–1865</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>District created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>District abolished</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Beverly Browne Douglas</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1822-12-21</span>)</span>December 21, 1822<br /><a href="/wiki/Providence_Forge,_Virginia" title="Providence Forge, Virginia">Providence Forge, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 22, 1878<span style="display:none">(1878-12-22)</span> (aged 56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Zoar_(Aylett,_Virginia)" title="Zoar (Aylett, Virginia)">Zoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aylett,_Virginia" title="Aylett, Virginia">Aylett, Virginia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">at least 3 daughters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="College of William and Mary">College of William and Mary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Attorney_at_law" title="Attorney at law">Attorney</a>, planter</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/17px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/26px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/34px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png/20px-Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png/30px-Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png/40px-Confederate_States_of_America_Major.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="165" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia"><img alt="Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Virginia_%281861%E2%80%931865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/5th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Virginia Cavalry">5th Virginia Cavalry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/9th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Virginia Cavalry">9th Virginia Cavalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Beverly Browne Douglas</b> (December 21, 1822 – December 22, 1878) was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> who served two terms as <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> from 1875 to 1878. He also served as in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a> representing <a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex</a> Counties (1852-1865) and as a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate</a> cavalry officer during the American Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born at <a href="/wiki/Providence_Forge,_Virginia" title="Providence Forge, Virginia">Providence Forge</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent County, Virginia</a>, to Elizabeth, the wife of planter William Douglas. Young Beverley Douglas attended Rumford Academy across the river in King William County. In his college years, he attended the <a href="/wiki/College_of_William_and_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="College of William and Mary">College of William and Mary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. At some point he studied law at a school operated by Judge <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Tucker" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Tucker">Beverly Tucker</a>. Upon returning to the United States, Douglas reentered William and Mary, and graduated from the law department in 1843. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawyer_and_planter">Lawyer and planter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lawyer and planter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Admitted to the bar in 1844, Douglas began his legal practice in his native New Kent County, as well as <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>. By 1846 he had moved his legal practice to <a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William County, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Douglas owned 20 slaves in King William County in 1850,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 33 slaves in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virginia_politician">Virginia politician</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Virginia politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1850 Douglas began his political career by winning an election to become one of five delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1850" title="Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850">Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1850</a>. Together with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_W._Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis W. Scott (page does not exist)">Francis W. Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corbin_Braxton" title="Corbin Braxton">Corbin Braxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Conway" title="Eustace Conway">Eustace Conway</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_W._Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward W. Morris (page does not exist)">Edward W. Morris</a>, he represented <a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a>, King William and <a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That Convention drafted a new state constitution which increased representation of increasingly populated western Virginia counties in part by redrawing districts in Tidewater Virginia. Thus, while <a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a> counties had been jointly represented in the Virginia Senate by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._C._Catlett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. C. Catlett (page does not exist)">John W. C. Catlett</a> together with three counties mostly to the east (<a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_Virginia" title="Gloucester County, Virginia">Gloucester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathews_County,_Virginia" title="Mathews County, Virginia">Mathews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Virginia" title="Middlesex County, Virginia">Middlesex</a> counties) in the 1850-1851 legislative session, those two counties were now combined with <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex county</a> to the west (Essex had previously been combined with Spotsylvania and Caroline counties in a state senatorial district represented by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_M._Trible&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austin M. Trible (page does not exist)">Austin M. Trible</a>). </p><p>Following the convention, Douglas won election from the new senatorial district, and continued to win re-election to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Virginia">Senate of Virginia</a> during the period 1852–1865.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas for five years served as chairman of the powerful finance committee, and also served as presidential elector for the Democratic ticket of Breckinridge and Lane in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War_officer">Civil War officer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civil War officer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> began, Douglas continued to serve as state senator, and even chaired the committee on military affairs, but also volunteered to join the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially accepted a commission as a first lieutenant in Lee's Rangers, a cavalry company drawn from King William County and which for the first months of the conflict was attached to infantry regiments and performed picket duty as well as provided couriers to field officers in northern Virginia. At some point Douglas was elected captain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1861 that unit became Company H of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Virginia Cavalry">9th Virginia Cavalry</a>, but that regiment was not geographically united until April 1862, when Federal forces pushed toward Fredericksburg and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Fitzhugh_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Fitzhugh Lee">W.H.F. Lee</a> was made colonel. During early June 1862, the regiment drilled regularly under Col. Lee, but did not participate in the Battle of Seven Pines. However, six of its companies participated on June 12–15 in General J.E.B. Stuart's famous ride around McClellan's Army.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 24, 1862, the day before General Richard E. Lee (Col. Lee's father) began complex maneuvers which launched his Seven Days offensive, Douglas was promoted to the rank of major, but transferred to the newly reorganized <a href="/wiki/5th_Virginia_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Virginia Cavalry">5th Virginia Cavalry</a>. That regiment had been composed of companies drawn from southern Tidewater counties and had protected coastal areas south of the James River (including North Carolina). However, on April 18, Federal troops had landed at <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_City,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth City, Virginia">Elizabeth City</a>, so during the next month those companies guarded <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_Virginia" title="Yorktown, Virginia">Yorktown</a> before a complete reorganization at the end of May. Captain <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Pate" title="Henry Clay Pate">Henry Clay Pate</a> of the Petersburg Rangers (a/k/a Letcher Mounted Guards, who had gained fame as a slavery advocate in Kansas and fought in western Virginia in the war's early months), had envisioned a cavalry unit of men from every Virginia county to protect the Confederate capital, Richmond. On May 25, 1862 Pate organized the 2nd Battalion Virginia Cavalry, which on June 23 General J.E.B. Stuart reorganized as the 5th Virginia Cavalry following the dismemberment of the previous unit. Pate became the regiment's Lieutenant Colonel under Col. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Rosser" title="Thomas L. Rosser">Thomas L. Rosser</a>, and Douglas became Major in the unit, with Pate's brother Otho K. Pate as adjutant.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of Stuarts's cavalry, the unit saw considerable action in northern Virginia from Manassas in Prince William County to Fairfax, Loudoun and Hampshire Counties (in what became West Virginia) and even into Maryland that summer. Douglas briefly took command at <a href="/wiki/Piedmont,_West_Virginia" title="Piedmont, West Virginia">Piedmont</a> on November 3, as Stuart's cavalry resisted the Federal advance into northern Virginia and Col. Williams C. Wickham of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Virginia_Cavalry_Regiment" title="4th Virginia Cavalry Regiment">4th regiment</a> was wounded in the action.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Douglas resigned on January 8, 1863 to return to the Virginia legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_legislator">Postwar legislator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar legislator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the conflict, Douglas' Confederate service limited his political activity, and Virginia could not be readmitted to the union without discarding its 1850 Constitution, which explicitly allowed slavery. Upon reorganizing the Virginia legislature, Mathews, Gloucester and Middlesex Counties were combined with King and Queen, King William and Essex counties in a senatorial district whose voters elected <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warner_T._Taliaferro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warner T. Taliaferro (page does not exist)">Warner T. Taliaferro</a> of Gloucester County. Then after adoption of the Virginia Constitution of 1869, King William was combined with Caroline and Essex Counties and that district's voters elected <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_W._Massey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund W. Massey (page does not exist)">Edmund W. Massey</a>, who had represented them at the latest constitutional convention. However, Douglas's political career had not ended. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Democratic convention which nominated Seymour and Blair, who lost to the Republican presidential ticket in the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1874 voters elected Douglas as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth Congress and would re-elect him to the Forty-fifth Congress. He defeated the incumbent Republican, <a href="/wiki/James_Beverley_Sener" title="James Beverley Sener">James Beverley Sener</a> of Fredericksburg, despite Sener's having sponsored legislation to create the Steamboat Inspection Service (although Sener would later become Chief Justice of the Wyoming Territory). Douglas served from March 4, 1875, until his death in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> on December 22, 1878. However, he did not hold congressional positions of importance, his most important post being as chairman of the committee investigatigating the demise of the <a href="/wiki/Freedman%27s_Savings_Bank" title="Freedman's Savings Bank">Freedman's Savings Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas outlived his wife, the former Eliza Dandridge Pollard (1822-1867), daughter of Robert Pollard (d. 1856), who served for more than 40 years as court clerk of King William County. Her grandfather, also Robert Pollard, had purchased over 1000 acres in 1782, and named his plantation home after the biblical village, perhaps because it overlooked the town of <a href="/wiki/Aylett,_Virginia" title="Aylett, Virginia">Aylett, Virginia</a> which some likened to Sodom and Gomorrah for its horseracing and many taverns. Upon the elder Pollard's death in 1821, the plantation was divided among his sons, with his eldest son (her father) receiving 467.75 acres which included the main house (which burned in 1851 and burned down during a storm in January 1890), although only 280.21 acres remained of Zoar by the time of his death. Douglas would be survived by at least three married daughters. Elizabeth Dandridge “Bessie” Douglas Moncure (1849-1934), Evelyn Spotswood Douglas Causey (1854-1934) and Mary Ellen Douglas Weathers (1861-1941).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beverly Browne Douglas and his wife were among those interred in the Pollard family burying ground at "<a href="/wiki/Zoar_(Aylett,_Virginia)" title="Zoar (Aylett, Virginia)">Zoar</a>," with his gravestone bearing the epitaph, "an honest politician".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the town of Aylett below Zoar burned during the American Civil War, Pollard family members continued to farm Zoar (and acquire nearby land) until Albert H. Stoddard III deeded 373.5 acres to Virginia's Department of Forestry in 1987. In addition to planting a memorial oak and maintaining the cemetery and remaining outbuildings, the Department of Forestry converted the last dwelling house on the site into offices. The Department of Forestry also makes the area available for recreational activities and wildlife habitat, as well as some agricultural use and sales of forest products.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>1874</b>; Douglas was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 50.69% of the vote, defeating Republican James Beverley Sener.</li> <li><b>1876</b>; Douglas was re-elected with 56.53% of the vote, defeating Republican L.C. Boiston.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beverly_B._Douglas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyon Gardiner Tyler, Dictionary of Virginia Biography, vol. 3, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1850 U.S. Federal Census Slave Schedule for King William County, Virginia p. 48 of 69 on ancestry.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1860 U.S. Federal Census Slave Schedule for King William County, Virginia p. 43 of 71 on ancestry.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cynthia Miller Leonard, The Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Richmond: Virginia State Library 1978) p. 440</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPulliam1901" class="citation book cs1">Pulliam, David Loyd (1901). <i>The Constitutional Conventions of Virginia from the foundation of the Commonwealth to the present time</i>. John T. West, Richmond. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-2879-2059-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-2879-2059-5"><bdi>978-1-2879-2059-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutional+Conventions+of+Virginia+from+the+foundation+of+the+Commonwealth+to+the+present+time&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=John+T.+West%2C+Richmond&rft.date=1901&rft.isbn=978-1-2879-2059-5&rft.aulast=Pulliam&rft.aufirst=David+Loyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeverly+B.+Douglas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard, pp. 453, 458, 463, 468, 473, 482, 487</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler pp. 114, 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Krick, 9th Virginia Cavalry (Lynchburg, H.E. Howard Inc. 1982) pp. 2-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert J. Driver, Jr., Fifth Virginia Cavalry (Lynchburg, H.E. Howard Inc. 1997) pp. 22-28, 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Driver, pp. 40-41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Driver pp. 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyler p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zoar NRIS section 8, pp. 11-13, available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/050-0119_Zoar_2007_NRFinal.pdf">https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/050-0119_Zoar_2007_NRFinal.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NRIS section 7, pp. 5-8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NRIS pp. 12, 18</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressD000450" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000450">"Beverly B. Douglas (id: D000450)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Beverly+B.+Douglas+%28id%3A+D000450%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DD000450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeverly+B.+Douglas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Beverly_Sener" class="mw-redirect" title="James Beverly Sener">James B. Sener</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Virginia" title="List of United States representatives from Virginia">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Virginia01 !"><a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 1st congressional district">Virginia's 1st congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1875–1878 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._T._Beale" title="Richard L. T. Beale">Richard L. T. Beale</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Virginia&#039;s_1st_congressional_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 1st congressional district">Virginia's 1st congressional district</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_White_(Virginia_politician)" title="Alexander White (Virginia politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rutherford_(congressman)" title="Robert Rutherford (congressman)">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Page_(Virginia_politician)" title="Robert Page (Virginia politician)">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Virginia_representative)" title="John Smith (Virginia representative)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Jackson_(politician)" title="John G. Jackson (politician)">J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley_(Virginia_politician)" title="William McKinley (Virginia politician)">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(Virginia_politician)" title="Thomas Wilson (Virginia politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Jackson_(politician)" title="John G. Jackson (politician)">J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pindall" title="James Pindall">Pindall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Jackson" title="Edward B. Jackson">E. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton_Jr." title="Thomas Newton Jr.">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Loyall" title="George Loyall">Loyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton_Jr." title="Thomas Newton Jr.">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Loyall" title="George Loyall">Loyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mallory" title="Francis Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Holleman" title="Joel Holleman">Holleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mallory" title="Francis Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Atkinson" title="Archibald Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Millson" title="John Millson">Millson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscoe_Russell_Hunter_Garnett" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscoe Russell Hunter Garnett">Garnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Segar" title="Joseph Segar">Segar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Ayer" title="Richard S. Ayer">Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Critcher" title="John Critcher">Critcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Beverley_Sener" title="James Beverley Sener">Sener</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._T._Beale" title="Richard L. T. Beale">Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tankard_Garrison" title="George Tankard Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Murphy_Mayo" title="Robert Murphy Mayo">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tankard_Garrison" title="George Tankard Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Croxton" title="Thomas Croxton">Croxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._B._Browne" title="Thomas H. B. Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Atkinson_Jones" title="William Atkinson Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Otis_Bland" title="S. Otis Bland">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Robeson_Jr." title="Edward J. Robeson Jr.">Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_N._Downing" title="Thomas N. Downing">Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Trible" title="Paul Trible">Trible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Bateman" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert H. Bateman">Bateman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Davis" title="Jo Ann Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Wittman" title="Rob Wittman">Wittman</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851699#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851699#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851699#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49048238">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfx86KtWYR84tgYxBPxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2008127932">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000450">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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