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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关争议" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关争议"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相关争议</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关争议-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">碎葉城</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Суяб – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Суяб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak-Beschim" title="Ak-Beschim – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ak-Beschim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="سوی‌آب – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوی‌آب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96" title="スイアブ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スイアブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Суяб – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Суяб" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%95%BC%EB%B8%8C" title="수야브 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수야브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Суйаб – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суйаб" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujabas" title="Sujabas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sujabas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak-Besjim" title="Ak-Besjim – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ak-Besjim" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suiabe" title="Suiabe – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suiabe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Суяб – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суяб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujab" title="Sujab – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sujab" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyab" title="Suyab – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Suyab" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Суяб – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Суяб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="سۇياب – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇياب" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%B1" title="Суяб – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суяб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqbeshim" title="Oqbeshim – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oqbeshim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q413452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">碎葉城</span><br /><span class="nickname"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吉爾吉斯語">吉爾吉斯語</a>：<span lang="ky">Суяб</span> / <span lang="ky-Latn" title="柯尔克孜语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>Suyab</i></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>：<span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سوی آب</span>‎</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png" class="mw-file-description" title="碎叶城在突骑施的位置"><img alt="碎叶城在突骑施的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png/250px-%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png/375px-%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png/500px-%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82.png 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span><br /><small>碎叶城在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E9%AA%91%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="突骑施">突骑施</a>的位置</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="9 世纪柏孜克里克千佛洞的粟特商人壁画。"><img alt="9 世纪柏孜克里克千佛洞的粟特商人壁画。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg/250px-BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg/375px-BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="323" /></a></span><br /><small>9 世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E5%AD%9C%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%83%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9E" title="柏孜克里克千佛洞">柏孜克里克千佛洞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9" title="粟特">粟特</a>商人壁画。</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="碎葉城在吉爾吉斯的位置"><img alt="碎葉城在吉爾吉斯的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/250px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/375px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/500px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="829" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:15.451%;left:53.451%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="碎葉城"><img alt="碎葉城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>碎葉城</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><small>碎葉城在吉尔吉斯斯坦的位置</small></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&params=42.804722_N_75.200278_E_type:city_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">42°48′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°12′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">42.804722°N 75.200278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.804722; 75.200278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">州</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="楚河州">楚河州</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">市</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="托克马克市">托克馬克市</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; font-size:smaller"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_706c963c5e50d86cf3374c05f2697f67c49ded28"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&revid=79231019&groups=_706c963c5e50d86cf3374c05f2697f67c49ded28" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=zh&domain=zh.wikipedia.org&title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&revid=79231019&groups=_706c963c5e50d86cf3374c05f2697f67c49ded28 2x" alt="地图" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg/300px-E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg/450px-E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg/600px-E7993-Milyanfan-fields.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>碎叶城遗址</figcaption></figure> <p><b>碎葉城</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="吉爾吉斯語">吉爾吉斯語</a>：<span lang="ky">Суяб</span> / <span lang="ky-Latn" title="柯尔克孜语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none"><i>Suyab</i></span>；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯語">波斯語</a>：<span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سوی آب</span>‎），或譯爲「<b>素葉</b>」、「<b>睢合</b>」，即今<b>阿克·贝希姆遗址</b>(Ak-Beshim)，位於今<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="楚河州">楚河州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="托克马克市">托克馬克市</a>西南8公里处<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%B2%B3_(%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E)" title="楚河 (中亞)">楚河</a>南岸。碎叶城的诞生与古老的丝绸之路息息相关。早在5世纪~6世纪，此地便因沿着丝绸之路的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9" title="粟特">粟特</a>商人而兴起。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘法师</a>于629年在该地区旅行时也曾记录早期的碎叶城。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>现存遗迹可追溯至<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E9%9C%B2" title="調露">調露</a>元年（679年）由唐将<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%96%B9%E7%BF%BC" title="王方翼">王方翼</a>所修筑城池，用以取代<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%89%E8%80%86" title="焉耆">焉耆</a>镇，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>所設之重鎮。此城乃是中國歷代以來，在西部地區設防最遠的一座邊陲城市。碎葉（或<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%89%E8%80%86" title="焉耆">焉耆</a>）與<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C%E8%8C%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="龜茲">龜茲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92" class="mw-disambig" title="疏勒">疏勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%97%90" class="mw-redirect" title="于闐">于闐</a>並稱為唐代「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%9B%E9%8E%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="安西四鎮">安西四鎮</a>」。碎葉城本为<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥</a>属地，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E8%A7%80_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="貞觀 (唐朝)">贞观</a>三年（629年），<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a>在素叶水城（碎叶）见西突厥<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B6%E6%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="统叶护">统叶护</a>。玄奘在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大唐西域记">大唐西域记</a>》记述：“自凌山行四百余里至大清池……清池西北行五百余里至素叶水城，城周六七里，诸国商胡杂居也。”考古學家們在此城的寺廟廢墟內撿到四枚唐代錢幣，上面有「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%80%9A%E5%AE%9D" title="开元通宝">開元通寶</a>」和「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9B%86" title="大曆">大曆通寶</a>」字樣，由此可見，碎葉在唐代也是座重要的商鎮。尤其自建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="安西大都护府">安西都护府</a>以来，碎叶城的地位日渐显耀。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关争议"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.AE"></span>相关争议</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：相关争议"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD#早年" title="李白">李白 § 早年</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>等人認為，唐代大詩人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>就出生在碎葉城內一個富商之家<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該觀點認為，李白在碎葉一直長到五歲，幼小時，其父就在這裏教他讀<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E7%9B%B8%E5%A6%82" title="司馬相如">司馬相如</a>的辭賦。但也有觀點認為李白出生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="四川">四川</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%B9%96" title="伊塞克湖">热海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%B9" title="塔拉兹">怛罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="赛兰">白水城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="石国">石国</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">张广达. 碎叶城今地考. 北京大学学报. 1979, (5): 70–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.atitle=%E7%A2%8E%E5%8F%B6%E5%9F%8E%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%B0%E8%80%83&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%B9%BF%E8%BE%BE&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5&rft.pages=70-82&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>；已收入<cite class="citation book">张广达. 西域史地丛稿初编. 上海古籍出版社. 1995: 1–29. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532518760" title="Special:网络书源/9787532518760"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787532518760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%B9%BF%E8%BE%BE&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%9B%E7%A8%BF%E5%88%9D%E7%BC%96&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787532518760&rft.pages=1-29&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>；又<cite class="citation book">张广达. 文书、典籍与西域史地. 广西师范大学出版社. 2008: 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787563375219" title="Special:网络书源/9787563375219"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787563375219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E5%B9%BF%E8%BE%BE&rft.btitle=%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%81%E5%85%B8%E7%B1%8D%E4%B8%8E%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787563375219&rft.pages=1-22&rft.pub=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpineclub.org.tw/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=ts-0-1">失落的絲路古城－唐代邊塞重鎮碎葉城</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-10-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004084243/http://www.alpineclub.org.tw/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=ts-0-1">存档</a>于2015-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%B5%B2%E8%B7%AF%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%EF%BC%8D%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E9%82%8A%E5%A1%9E%E9%87%8D%E9%8E%AE%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alpineclub.org.tw%2Ffront%2Fbin%2Fptdetail.phtml%3FPart%3Dts-0-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.gmw.cn/2013-10/14/content_9162224.htm">丝绸之路的当代意义</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-10-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004163012/http://news.gmw.cn/2013-10/14/content_9162224.htm">存档</a>于2015-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.gmw.cn%2F2013-10%2F14%2Fcontent_9162224.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a> 《李白出生于中亚碎叶》 210-224页《郭沫若全集·历史编》4 </span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="background:#D1E5F2;;width:1%">文化遺產</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1230</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%E5%B1%B1" title="苏莱曼山">蘇萊曼山</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1442</span><sup><small>A</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%BB%8A%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E7%BD%91" title="丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网">丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网</a></span><span class="nowrap">（吉爾吉斯境內有<a class="mw-selflink selflink">碎葉城</a>等3處，合共33處）</span> </p> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="碎葉城在吉爾吉斯的位置"><img alt="碎葉城在吉爾吉斯的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/240px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/360px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg/480px-Kyrgyzstan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="829" /></a></span><b><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:15.512%;left:53.477%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E8%91%89%E5%9F%8E" title="1442"><img alt="1442" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/4px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/6px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/8px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:3px"><div>1442</div></div></div></b><b><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:65.975%;left:32.61%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="1230"><img alt="1230" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/8px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/12px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blue_0080ff_pog.svg/16px-Blue_0080ff_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:5px"><div>1230</div></div></div></b></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#D1E5F2;;font-size:85%;"><div>「A」與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>共有。<br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Portal:世界遗产">世界遺產主題首頁</a> | <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="WikiProject:世界遗产">世界遺產專題</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="亚洲和太平洋地区世界遗产列表">亚洲和太平洋地区世界遗产列表</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:World Heritage Sites in Kyrgyzstan">维基共享资源</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Template:丝绸之路世界文化遗产"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:丝绸之路世界文化遗产（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:丝绸之路世界文化遗产"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%BB%8A%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E7%BD%91" title="丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网">丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">中华人民共和国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">河南</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AD%8F%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="汉魏洛阳故城">汉魏洛阳城遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%BC%8E%E9%97%A8" title="定鼎门">隋唐洛阳城定鼎门遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E8%B0%B7%E5%85%B3" title="函谷关">新安汉函谷关遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B4%A4%E5%87%BD%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93%E7%9F%B3%E5%A3%95%E6%AE%B5%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="崤函古道石壕段遗址（页面不存在）">崤函古道石壕段遗址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">陕西</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%A4%AE%E5%AE%AB" title="未央宫">汉长安城未央宫遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%AA%9E%E5%A2%93" title="张骞墓">张骞墓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E5%AE%AB" title="大明宫">唐长安城大明宫遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94" title="大雁塔">大雁塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%81%E5%A1%94" title="小雁塔">小雁塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AF%BA" title="兴教寺">兴教寺塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="大佛寺石窟">彬县大佛寺石窟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">甘肃</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="玉门关">玉门关遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E6%B3%89%E7%BD%AE%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="悬泉置遗址">悬泉置遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E7%A7%AF%E5%B1%B1%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="麦积山石窟">麦积山石窟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B3%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%BA%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="炳靈寺石窟">炳灵寺石窟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E9%98%B3%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="锁阳城遗址">锁阳城遗址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">新疆</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="高昌故城">高昌故城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B2%B3%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="交河故城">交河故城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%95%E5%93%88%E7%83%BD%E7%87%A7" title="克孜尔尕哈烽燧">克孜尔尕哈烽燧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%AD%9C%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%83%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9E" title="克孜尔千佛洞">克孜尔石窟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="苏巴什佛寺遗址">苏巴什佛寺遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%AD%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="北庭故城遗址">北庭故城遗址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">哈萨克斯坦</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">杰特苏州</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="开阿利克遗址">开阿利克遗址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">阿拉木图州</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塔尔加尔遗址" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The_Ancient_Settlement_Talhiz_(Talgar)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔尔加尔遗址（页面不存在）">塔尔加尔遗址</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ancient_Settlement_Talhiz_(Talgar)" class="extiw" title="en:The Ancient Settlement Talhiz (Talgar)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The_Ancient_Settlement_Talhiz_(Talgar)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="卡拉摩尔根">卡拉摩尔根遗址</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">江布尔州</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E5%88%AB%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80_(%E6%B1%9F%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%9E)" title="阿克托别遗址 (江布尔州)">阿克托别遗址</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库兰遗址" data-lang-code="kk" data-lang-name="哈萨克语" data-foreign-title="Құлан_(Жамбыл_облысы)#Тарихы"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B0%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库兰遗址（页面不存在）">库兰遗址</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">哈萨克语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B)#Тарихы" class="extiw" title="kk:Құлан (Жамбыл облысы)"><span lang="kk" dir="auto">Құлан_(Жамбыл_облысы)#Тарихы</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%86%85%E5%85%8B%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="奥尔内克遗址">奥尔内克遗址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%9A%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="阿克亚塔斯遗址">阿克亚塔斯遗址</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科斯托别遗址" data-lang-code="kk" data-lang-name="哈萨克语" data-foreign-title="Қостөбе қалашығы"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%88%AB%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科斯托别遗址（页面不存在）">科斯托别遗址</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">哈萨克语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B1%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="kk:Қостөбе қалашығы"><span lang="kk" dir="auto">Қостөбе қалашығы</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">吉尔吉斯斯坦</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="楚河州" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:">楚河州</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">碎叶城（阿克·贝希姆遗址）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%89%8C%E6%B2%99%E8%A1%AE" title="八剌沙衮">八剌沙衮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E_(%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%91%9E%E5%B8%8C%E5%8D%A1%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80)" title="新城 (科拉斯纳亚·瑞希卡遗址)">新城 (科拉斯纳亚·瑞希卡遗址)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>参看：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="古突厥" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:paleturquoise"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="Template:古突厥"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:古突厥（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:古突厥"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="古突厥" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="古突厥">古突厥</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a> <br /> （552–581）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿史那吐务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ashina Tuwu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E5%90%90%E5%8B%99" title="阿史那吐務">阿史那吐务</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashina_Tuwu" class="extiw" title="en:Ashina Tuwu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ashina Tuwu</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E9%97%A8" title="土门">伊利可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%B0" title="乙息记">乙息记可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%86%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="木杆可汗">木杆可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%97%E7%BC%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="佗缽可汗">佗钵可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E5%BA%B5%E9%80%BB" title="阿史那庵逻">阿史那庵逻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%92%B5%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="沙钵略可汗">沙钵略可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="莫何可汗">莫何可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E8%97%8D%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="都藍可汗">都蓝可汗</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%86%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="室点密可汗">室点密可汗</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="阿史那皇后">阿史那皇后</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="阿波可汗">阿波可汗</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%85%E7%B4%A0%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%A4" title="鞅素特勤">鞅素特勤</a>）</li> <li>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坦甘 (設)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamgan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%A6%E7%94%98_(%E8%A8%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坦甘 (設)（页面不存在）">坦甘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamgan" class="extiw" title="en:Tamgan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamgan</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="東突厥">東突厥汗國</a> <br /> （581–630）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="启民可汗">启民可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%8B%E7%95%A2%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="始畢可汗">始毕可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="处罗可汗">处罗可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%89%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="颉利可汗">颉利可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%80%9D%E6%91%A9" title="李思摩">阿史那思摩</a>（羈縻）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="车鼻可汗">车鼻可汗</a>（自立）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E4%BC%8F%E5%BF%B5" title="阿史那伏念">阿史那伏念</a>（自立）</li></ul> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E7%A4%BE%E7%8E%87" title="结社率">阿史那结社率</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E7%A4%BE%E5%B0%94" title="阿史那社尔">阿史那社爾</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%B3%A5%E7%86%9F%E5%8C%90" title="阿史那泥熟匐">阿史那泥熟匐</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%E5%82%85" title="阿史德温傅">阿史德温傅</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E6%9E%A2%E5%AE%BE" title="阿史德枢宾">阿史德枢宾</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="突利可汗">阿史那什钵苾</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E6%AF%97%E4%BC%BD%E5%8F%AF%E8%B3%80%E6%95%A6" title="統毗伽可賀敦">統毗伽可賀敦</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥汗國</a> <br /> （581–657）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">部落</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%92%84%E9%99%86%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="五咄陆部落">五咄陆部落</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%BD" title="鼠尼施">鼠尼施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E9%A8%8E%E6%96%BD" title="突騎施">突骑施</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%84%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="处木昆（页面不存在）">处木昆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E7%A6%84%E5%B1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡禄屋（页面不存在）">胡禄屋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%84%E8%88%8D%E6%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摄舍提（页面不存在）">摄舍提</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A9%E5%A4%B1%E6%AF%95" title="弩失毕">五弩失毕部落</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%82%89%E7%BB%93%E9%98%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿悉结阙（页面不存在）">阿悉结阙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%82%89%E7%BB%93%E6%B3%A5%E7%86%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿悉结泥熟（页面不存在）">阿悉结泥熟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E8%88%92%E9%98%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥舒阙（页面不存在）">哥舒阙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E8%88%92%E5%A4%84%E5%8D%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥舒处半（页面不存在）">哥舒处半</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%94%E5%A1%9E%E5%B9%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拔塞干（页面不存在）">拔塞干</a></li></ul></li> <li>（处月部）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">可汗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="达头可汗">達頭可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="泥利可汗">泥利可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%92%85%E8%99%95%E7%BE%85%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="泥撅處羅可汗">泥撅处罗可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%AE%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="射匮可汗">射匮可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E5%8F%B6%E6%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="统叶护">統葉護可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%B3%80%E5%92%84%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="莫賀咄可汗">莫贺咄可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%86%E8%91%89%E8%AD%B7%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="肆葉護可汗">肆叶护可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%B3%A5%E5%AD%B0" title="阿史那泥孰">咄陸可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%92%B5%E7%BD%97%E5%92%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="沙钵罗咥利失可汗">沙钵罗咥利失可汗</a></li></ul> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%B1%88%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%B1%E4%B9%99%E6%AF%97%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="乙屈利失乙毗可汗">乙屈利失乙毗可汗</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E8%96%84%E5%B8%83" title="阿史那薄布">乙毗沙钵罗叶护可汗</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E6%AF%97%E5%92%84%E9%99%86%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="乙毗咄陆可汗">乙毗咄陆可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E6%AF%97%E5%B0%84%E5%8C%AE%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="乙毗射匮可汗">乙毗射匮可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E8%B4%BA%E9%B2%81" title="阿史那贺鲁">沙钵罗可汗</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%B4%BA%E8%AE%BE" title="莫贺设">莫贺设</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E5%88%A9%E8%A8%AD" title="步利設">步利设</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E9%83%BD%E6%94%AF" title="阿史那都支">阿史那都支</a>）</li></ul> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E4%BF%80%E5%AD%90" title="阿史那俀子">阿史那俀子</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="后突厥汗国">后突厥汗国</a> <br /> （682–745）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E5%92%84%E7%A6%84" title="骨咄禄">颉跌利施可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%95%9C" title="默啜">迁善可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E8%A5%BF%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="拓西可汗">拓西可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E4%BC%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="毗伽可汗">毗伽可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%84%B6%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="伊然可汗">伊然可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="登利可汗">登利可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E9%AA%A8%E5%92%84" title="阿史那骨咄">骨咄叶护可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%A1%E8%B7%8C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="頡跌伊施可汗">颉跌伊施可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E8%98%87%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="烏蘇米施可汗">乌苏米施可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9C%89%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="白眉可汗">白眉可汗</a></li></ul> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%84%E6%82%89%E5%8C%90" title="咄悉匐">阿史那咄悉匐</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%99%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%A4" title="阙特勤">阙特勤</a>）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%BE%E6%AC%B2%E8%B0%B7" title="暾欲谷">暾欲谷</a>）</li> <li>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="骨咄禄娑匐可敦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E5%92%84%E7%A5%BF%E5%A8%91%E5%8C%90%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%A6" title="骨咄祿娑匐可敦">骨咄禄娑匐可敦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutlu%C4%9F_S%C3%A4b%C3%A4g_Qatun" class="extiw" title="en:Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Qutluğ Säbäg Qatun</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊毗伽可敦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="El Bilga Khatun"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%97%E4%BC%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊毗伽可敦（页面不存在）">伊毗伽可敦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Bilga_Khatun" class="extiw" title="en:El Bilga Khatun"><span lang="en" dir="auto">El Bilga Khatun</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E9%A8%8E%E6%96%BD" title="突騎施">突骑施汗国</a> <br /> （708–8世纪后期）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%92" title="乌质勒">乌质勒</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%91%E8%91%9B" title="娑葛">娑葛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A6%84%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="苏禄可汗">苏禄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="吐火仙可汗">吐火仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="尔微特勒">尔微特勤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%B4%BA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B9%B2" title="莫贺达干">莫贺达干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E8%9C%9C%E6%96%BD%E9%AA%A8%E5%92%84%E7%A6%84%E6%AF%97%E4%BC%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="伊里底蜜施骨咄禄毗伽可汗">伊里底蜜施骨咄禄毗伽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%8B%A8" title="移拨">移拨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%8A%E7%BD%97%E8%9C%9C%E6%96%BD" title="登里伊罗蜜施">登里伊罗蜜施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%9A%E8%A3%B4%E7%BD%97" title="阿多裴罗">阿多裴罗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%81%E7%B8%BB" title="羁縻">羁縻</a>制下的西突厥</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%91%E9%99%B5%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C" title="崑陵都護府">昆陵都护</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E6%98%94%E4%BA%A1%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="兴昔亡可汗">兴昔亡可汗</a>：</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E5%BC%A5%E5%B0%84" title="阿史那弥射">阿史那弥射</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E5%85%83%E5%BA%86" title="阿史那元庆">阿史那元庆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E7%8C%AE" title="阿史那献">阿史那献</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E9%9C%87" title="阿史那震">阿史那震</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9B%E6%B1%A0%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="濛池都护府">濛池都护</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E5%BE%80%E7%BB%9D%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="继往绝可汗">继往绝可汗</a>：</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%AD%A5%E7%9C%9F" title="阿史那步真">阿史那步真</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%96%9B%E7%91%9F%E7%BD%97" title="阿史那斛瑟罗">阿史那斛瑟罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%80%80%E9%81%93" title="阿史那怀道">阿史那怀道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%98%95" title="阿史那昕">阿史那昕</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="安西都护府">安西都护府</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%B6%E6%8A%A4%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" title="吐火罗叶护政权">吐火罗叶护政权</a> （619-758）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="突厥沙希王朝">突厥罽宾政权</a> （665–870）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3" title="阿史那">阿史那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BC%E9%83%BD%E6%96%A4" title="於都斤">于都斤</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">碎叶城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E9%87%8C%E5%8B%92%E5%8F%B0" title="忽里勒台">忽里勒台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="古代突厥語">古代突厥语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="突厥字母">突厥字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%91%E7%A2%91%E9%93%AD" title="鄂尔浑碑铭">鄂尔浑碑铭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%91%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" title="鄂尔浑河谷">鄂尔浑河谷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴彦诺尔墓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shoroon Bumbagar tomb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%BD%A6%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E5%A2%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴彦诺尔墓（页面不存在）">巴彦诺尔墓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoroon_Bumbagar_tomb" class="extiw" title="en:Shoroon Bumbagar tomb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shoroon Bumbagar tomb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E8%BB%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="唐軍的突厥人">唐军中的突厥人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="于吕斯制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ülüş system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8E%E5%90%95%E6%96%AF%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="于吕斯制（页面不存在）">于吕斯制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cl%C3%BC%C5%9F_system" class="extiw" title="en:Ülüş system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ülüş system</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%BE%E6%AC%B2%E8%B0%B7%E7%A2%91" title="暾欲谷碑">暾欲谷碑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="翁金碑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ongin inscription"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%81%E9%87%91%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翁金碑（页面不存在）">翁金碑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongin_inscription" class="extiw" title="en:Ongin inscription"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ongin inscription</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔泰塔嘎塔尔哈碑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%A1%94%E5%98%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%93%88%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔泰塔嘎塔尔哈碑（页面不存在）">阿尔泰塔嘎塔尔哈碑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altyn_Tamgan_Tarhan_inscription" class="extiw" title="en:Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Altyn Tamgan Tarhan inscription</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喀喇博敦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="kara bodun"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E5%8D%9A%E6%95%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喀喇博敦（页面不存在）">喀喇博敦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kara_bodun" class="extiw" title="en:kara bodun"><span lang="en" dir="auto">kara bodun</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">战争</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="突厥內戰">突厥內戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="布哈拉之戰">佈哈拉之戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="突厥-波斯戰爭">突厥-波斯戰爭</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF-%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第一次波斯-突厥戰爭">第一次</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二次波斯-突厥戰爭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Perso-Turkic War"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF-%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二次波斯-突厥戰爭（页面不存在）">第二次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Perso-Turkic_War" class="extiw" title="en:Second Perso-Turkic War"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Perso-Turkic War</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5-%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第三次突厥-波斯戰爭">第三次</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%BB%85%E6%9D%B1%E3%80%81%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0#唐与东突厥的战争" title="唐滅東、西突厥之戰">唐與東突厥的戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%81%AD%E8%96%9B%E5%BB%B6%E9%99%80%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="唐灭薛延陀之战">薛延陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%BB%85%E6%9D%B1%E3%80%81%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0#唐与西突厥的战争" title="唐滅東、西突厥之戰">唐與西突厥的戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%87%E8%8D%A3" title="孙万荣">李盡忠、孫萬榮之亂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="后突厥西征">后突厥西征</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A-%E7%AA%81%E9%AA%91%E6%96%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倭马亚-突骑施战争（页面不存在）">倭马亚-突骑施战争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B4%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="渴水日戰爭">渴水日战争</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="隘路之战" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of the Defile"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%98%E8%B7%AF%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隘路之战（页面不存在）">隘路之战</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Defile" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of the Defile"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of the Defile</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喀里斯坦之战" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Kharistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%80%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喀里斯坦之战（页面不存在）">喀里斯坦之战</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharistan" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Kharistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Kharistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">頭銜</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="可汗">可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%A6" title="可敦">可敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" class="mw-redirect" title="小可汗">小可汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E6%8A%A4" title="叶护">叶护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BD%95" title="梅录">梅录</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD" title="設">设</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%A4" title="特勤">特勤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="巴特尔 (称谓)">巴格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9C" title="啜">啜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E5%B1%AF" title="吐屯">吐屯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E4%BC%8A" title="贝伊">伯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%94%E5%89%8C%E7%BD%95" title="答剌罕">达干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B7%E9%9B%A2%E5%A0%87" title="夷離堇">俟斤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9F%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%91" title="俟利发">俟利发</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:paleturquoise;width:1%">世系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E5%9B%BE" title="突厥可汗世系图">突厥可汗世系图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E9%82%A3%E6%B0%8F" title="阿史那氏">阿史那氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E6%B0%8F" title="阿史德氏">阿史德氏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" 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