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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Christian_views_and_devotions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Christian_views_and_devotions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early Christian views and devotions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Christian_views_and_devotions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saint_Michael_the_Archangel_prayer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Michael_the_Archangel_prayer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Saint Michael the Archangel prayer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Michael_the_Archangel_prayer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Protestantism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restorationism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restorationism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Restorationism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restorationism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh-day_Adventists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Seventh-day Adventists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh-day_Adventists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jehovah's_Witnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Jehovah's Witnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnosticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnosticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gnosticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnosticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Feasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patronages_and_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patronages_and_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Patronages and orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patronages_and_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legends</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legends-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legends subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature,_music,_and_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature,_music,_and_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In literature, music, and art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_literature,_music,_and_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In literature, music, and art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_literature,_music,_and_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artistic_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artistic_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Artistic depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artistic_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Namesake_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namesake_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Namesake churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namesake_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael (archangel)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migael_(aartsengel)" title="Migael (aartsengel) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Migael (aartsengel)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8D" title="ሚካኤል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሚካኤል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83)" title="ميخائيل (ملاك) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميخائيل (ملاك)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Miguel_Arc%C3%A1nchel" title="Sant Miguel Arcánchel – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sant Miguel Arcánchel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%9F%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%A0_(%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%9F%DC%90)" title="ܡܝܟܐܝܠ (ܡܠܐܟܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܟܐܝܠ (ܡܠܐܟܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A7%D5%AC_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Միքայէլ Հրեշտակապետ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միքայէլ Հրեշտակապետ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="মিকাইল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মিকাইল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikay%C4%B1l_(arxangel)" title="Mikayıl (arxangel) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mikayıl (arxangel)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="মিকাইল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিকাইল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Архангел Міхаіл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Архангел Міхаіл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BB)" title="Міхаіл (арханёл) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міхаіл (арханёл)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkanghel_Miguel" title="Arkanghel Miguel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arkanghel Miguel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB)" title="Михаил (архангел) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Михаил (архангел)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(Erzengl)" title="Michael (Erzengl) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Michael (Erzengl)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%27hael_Mikael" title="Arc'hael Mikael – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arc'hael Mikael" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_(arc%C3%A0ngel)" title="Miquel (arcàngel) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miquel (arcàngel)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(archand%C4%9Bl)" title="Michael (archanděl) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael (archanděl)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihangel" title="Mihangel – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mihangel" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86rkeenglen_Mikael" title="Ærkeenglen Mikael – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ærkeenglen Mikael" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzengel_Michael" title="Erzengel Michael – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erzengel Michael" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miikael" title="Miikael – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Miikael" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB" title="Αρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%C3%A1ngel_Miguel" title="Arcángel Miguel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arcángel Miguel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efan%C4%9Delo_Mi%C4%A5aelo" title="Ĉefanĝelo Miĥaelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefanĝelo Miĥaelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikel_(goiaingerua)" title="Mikel (goiaingerua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikel (goiaingerua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="میکائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میکائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_(archange)" title="Michel (archange) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michel (archange)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(aartsingel)" title="Michael (aartsingel) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michael (aartsingel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh_M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_(an_tArdaingeal)" title="Naomh Mícheál (an tArdaingeal) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh Mícheál (an tArdaingeal)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcanxo_Miguel" title="Arcanxo Miguel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arcanxo Miguel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%B4%EC%97%98_(%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%9C%EC%82%AC)" title="미카엘 (대천사) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미카엘 (대천사)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Միքայել Հրեշտակապետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միքայել Հրեշտակապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Mihael" title="Sveti Mihael – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveti Mihael" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhael" title="Mikhael – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mikhael" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(archangelo)" title="Michael (archangelo) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Michael (archangelo)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_(arcangelo)" title="Michele (arcangelo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michele (arcangelo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מיכאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיכאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91az%C9%A9y%CA%8A_s%C9%94s%C9%94_Mikay%C9%9Bl%C9%A9" title="Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Mikayɛlɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ñazɩyʊ sɔsɔ Mikayɛlɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="მიქაელ მთავარანგელოზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიქაელ მთავარანგელოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Микаил – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Микаил" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaika_Mikaeli" title="Malaika Mikaeli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malaika Mikaeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AExay%C3%AEl_(fir%C3%AE%C5%9Fte)" title="Mîxayîl (firîşte) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mîxayîl (firîşte)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(archangelus)" title="Michael (archangelus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael (archangelus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%B7elis" title="Miķelis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Miķelis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkangelas_Mykolas" title="Arkangelas Mykolas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arkangelas Mykolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Mich%C3%AA" title="San Michê – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="San Michê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiel_(aartsingel)" title="Michiel (aartsingel) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Michiel (aartsingel)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michee_(sant)" title="San Michee (sant) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="San Michee (sant)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mih%C3%A1ly_arkangyal" title="Mihály arkangyal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mihály arkangyal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Архангел Михаил – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Архангел Михаил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikaela_(arkanjely)" title="Mikaela (arkanjely) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mikaela (arkanjely)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96" title="മിഖായേൽ മാലാഖ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിഖായേൽ മാലാഖ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkan%C4%A1lu_Mikiel" title="Arkanġlu Mikiel – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arkanġlu Mikiel" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ანგელოზპატონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ანგელოზპატონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84" title="رئيس الملايكه مايكل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس الملايكه مايكل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikail" title="Mikail – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mikail" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migueltzin_Hu%C4%93yahtlap%C4%81leh" title="Migueltzin Huēyahtlapāleh – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Migueltzin Huēyahtlapāleh" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_(aartsengel)" title="Michaël (aartsengel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michaël (aartsengel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB" title="ミカエル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミカエル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michele_Arcagnelo" title="San Michele Arcagnelo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="San Michele Arcagnelo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkeengelen_Mikael" title="Erkeengelen Mikael – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erkeengelen Mikael" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkeengelen_Mikael" title="Erkeengelen Mikael – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erkeengelen Mikael" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mich%C3%A9" title="Saint Miché – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Saint Miché" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoil" title="Mikoil – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mikoil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="میکائیل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="میکائیل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archanio%C5%82_Micha%C5%82" title="Archanioł Michał – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archanioł Michał" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_(arcanjo)" title="Miguel (arcanjo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miguel (arcanjo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(Erzengel)" title="Michael (Erzengel) – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Michael (Erzengel)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhanghelul_Mihail" title="Arhanghelul Mihail – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhanghelul Mihail" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B5%D0%BB)" title="Михал (арханґел) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Михал (арханґел)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Архангел Михаил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архангел Михаил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABhilli_(kryeengj%C3%ABll)" title="Mëhilli (kryeengjëll) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëhilli (kryeengjëll)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Micheli_Arcancilu" title="San Micheli Arcancilu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="San Micheli Arcancilu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael (archangel)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal_(anjel)" title="Michal (anjel) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michal (anjel)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveti_Mihael" title="Sveti Mihael – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sveti Mihael" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%84" title="میکائییل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میکائییل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Арханђел Михаило – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арханђел Михаило" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihael_(arhan%C4%91eo)" title="Mihael (arhanđeo) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mihael (arhanđeo)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_(arkkienkeli)" title="Mikael (arkkienkeli) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikael (arkkienkeli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_(%C3%A4rke%C3%A4ngel)" title="Mikael (ärkeängel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikael (ärkeängel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkanghel_Miguel" title="Arkanghel Miguel – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkanghel Miguel" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D)" title="மிக்கேல் (அதிதூதர்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிக்கேல் (அதிதூதர்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="మీకాయీల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మీకాయీల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="อัครทูตสวรรค์มีคาเอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัครทูตสวรรค์มีคาเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8F%B1%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%B5_(%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%AB%E1%8F%B3%E1%8E%AF_%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%BF%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%99%E1%8E%AF)" title="ᎹᏱᎩᎵ (ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏗᏙᎯ) – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᏱᎩᎵ (ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏗᏙᎯ)" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mik%C3%A2il" title="Mikâil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mikâil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB" title="Архангел Михаїл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архангел Михаїл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="میکائیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میکائیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Michi%C3%A8l_Arc%C3%A0nzo%C5%82o" title="San Michièl Arcànzoło – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="San Michièl Arcànzoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_l%C3%A3nh_thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BA%A7n_Micae" title="Tổng lãnh thiên thần Micae – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng lãnh thiên thần Micae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkanghel_Michael" title="Arkanghel Michael – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arkanghel Michael" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%BF%A6%E5%8B%92" title="米迦勒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="米迦勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E9%A1%8D%E7%88%BE" title="彌額爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彌額爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%BF%A6%E5%8B%92" title="米迦勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米迦勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_(tuai_melikat)" title="Mikael (tuai melikat) – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mikael (tuai melikat)" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q45581#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Saint Michael" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Michael (disambiguation)">Saint Michael (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Michael</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4665" data-file-height="6957" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_(Giordano)" title="The Fall of the Rebel Angels (Giordano)">The Fall of the Rebel Angels</a></i> (1666) in the <a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Museum" title="Kunsthistorisches Museum">Kunsthistorisches Museum</a>, Vienna</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Archangel, Prince (Commander) of the Heavenly Host</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a><br />All <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> which <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneration of saints">venerate saints</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">The Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><b>29 September</b> ("<a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Michaelmas</a>" – <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a>)</li> <li><b>8 November</b> (New Calendar <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Churches">Eastern Orthodox Churches</a>)</li> <li><b>8 November</b> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>)</li> <li><b>21 November</b> (Old Calendar Eastern Orthodox Churches)</li> <li><b>12th of each month in <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></b> (Coptic Churches)</li> <li>Many other local and historical feasts.</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">banner, <a href="/wiki/Weighing_scale" title="Weighing scale">scales</a>, weighing souls, sword, slaying Satan or a dragon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guardian of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Alban_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alban-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, dying people, <a href="/wiki/Poor_souls" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor souls">poor souls</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bankers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankers">bankers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">Police Officers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a>, especially <a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Personnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Personnel (page does not exist)">military personnel</a> and others, etcetera.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called <b>Saint Michael the Archangel</b>, <b>Archangel Michael</b> and <b>Saint Michael the <a href="/wiki/Taxiarch" title="Taxiarch">Taxiarch</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>. The earliest surviving mentions of his name are in third- and second-century BC Jewish works, often but not always apocalyptic, where he is the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Angels">angels</a> and archangels, and he is the guardian prince of Israel and is responsible for the care of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsale202055_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsale202055-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christianity conserved nearly all the Jewish traditions concerning him,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201154_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201154-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he is mentioned explicitly in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">Revelation 12</a>:7–12,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he does battle with <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Epistle of Jude</a>, where the archangel and the devil dispute over the body of Moses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201146_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201146-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Testament_and_Apocrypha">Old Testament and Apocrypha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Old Testament and Apocrypha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lists him as one of seven archangels (the remaining names are <a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Remiel" class="mw-redirect" title="Remiel">Remiel</a>), who, in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a>, “stand ready and enter before the glory of the Lᴏʀᴅ”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that Michael is introduced implies the knowledge of him and the other named angels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999339_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999339-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is mentioned again in <a href="/wiki/Daniel%27s_final_vision" title="Daniel's final vision">last chapters of the Book of Daniel</a>, a Jewish <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">apocalypse</a> composed in the second century BCE although set in the sixth, in which a man clothed in linen (never identified, but probably the archangel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>) tells Daniel that he and “Michael, your prince” are engaged in a battle with the “<a href="/wiki/Territorial_spirit#Daniel_10" title="Territorial spirit">prince of Persia</a>”, after which, at the end-time, “Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198434–36_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198434–36-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2008176_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2008176-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enoch was instrumental in establishing the pre-eminent place of Michael among the angels or archangels, and in later Jewish works, he is said to be their chief, mediating the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (the Law of God), and standing at the right hand of the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">throne of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsale202055_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsale202055-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Qumran" title="Qumran">Qumran</a> community, he defends or leads the people of God in the eschatological (i.e., end-time) battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahlbusch1999674_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahlbusch1999674-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And in other writings, he is responsible for the care of Israel (and he may be the “one like a son of man” mentioned in Daniel 7:13–14) and the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">heavenly armies</a>; he is Israel's advocate contesting Satan's claim to the body of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>; he intercedes between God and humanity and serves as <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a> in the heavenly sanctuary; and he <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">accompanies the souls</a> of the righteous dead to Paradise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seven archangels (or four, as traditions differ but always include Michael) were associated with the branches of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_menorah" title="Temple menorah">menorah</a>, the sacred seven-branched lampstand in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple</a> as the seven spirits before the throne of God, and this is reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> 4:5 (“From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings and peals of thunder, and before the throne were burning seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God” – <a href="/wiki/English_Standard_Version" title="English Standard Version">ESV</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2006123_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2006123-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael is mentioned explicitly in Revelation 12:7–12, where he does battle with Satan and casts him out of heaven so that he no longer has access to God as accuser (his formal role in the Old Testament).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fall of Satan at the coming of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> marks the separation of the New Testament from Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971157_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971157-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> 22:31, Jesus tells <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> that Satan has asked God for permission to “sift” the disciples, the goal being to accuse them, but the accusation is opposed by Jesus, who thus takes on the role played by angels, and especially by Michael, in Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michael is mentioned by name for the second time in the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Epistle of Jude</a>, which is an impassioned plea for the believers to engage in battle against the incursion of the error.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen200818_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen200818-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In verses 9–10, the author denounces the heretics by contrasting them with the archangel Michael, who, in disputing with Satan over the body of Moses, “did not presume to pronounce the verdict of 'slander' but said, 'The Lᴏʀᴅ punish you!'”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen200879_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen200879-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Michael.svg/220px-Michael.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Michael.svg/330px-Michael.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Michael.svg/440px-Michael.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="81" data-file-height="36" /></a><figcaption>The name Michael in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic tradition</a>, Michael acted as the advocate of Israel, and sometimes had to fight with the princes of the other nations (Daniel 10:13) and particularly with the angel <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a>, Israel's accuser. Their enmity dates from the time Samael was thrown from heaven and tried to drag Michael down with him, necessitating God's intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea that Michael was the advocate of the Jews became so prevalent that in spite of the rabbinical prohibition against appealing to angels as intermediaries between God and his people, he held a place in the Jewish liturgy: "When a man is in need he must pray directly to God, and neither to Michael nor to <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> addresses a prayer to him.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> declare that Michael entered into his role of defender at the time of the biblical patriarchs. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said he rescued <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> from the furnace into which he had been thrown by <a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a> (Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16). Some say he was the "one that had escaped" (Genesis <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Genesis#14:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Genesis">14:13</a>), who told Abraham that Lot had been taken captive (Midrash Pirke R. El.), and who protected Sarah from defilement by Abimelech. </p><p>Michael prevented <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> from sacrifice by his father by substituting a ram in his place. He saved <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, while yet in his mother's womb, from death by Samael.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later prevented Laban from harming Jacob.(<i><a href="/wiki/Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer</a></i>, xxxvi). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrash</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_Rabbah" title="Exodus Rabbah">Exodus Rabbah</a></i> holds that Michael exercised his function of advocate of Israel at the time of <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a> and destroyed <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>'s army.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Christian_views_and_devotions">Early Christian views and devotions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Christian views and devotions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek,_Antiphonale_Cisterciense,_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg/170px-Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg/255px-Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg/340px-Stift_Rein_-_Bibliothek%2C_Antiphonale_Cisterciense%2C_Miniatur_Erzengel_Michael.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3770" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption><i>St. Michael weighing souls during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Last Judgement</a></i>, <i>Antiphonale Cisterciense</i> (15th century), Abbey Bibliotheca, <a href="/wiki/Rein_Abbey,_Austria" title="Rein Abbey, Austria">Rein Abbey, Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Michael was venerated as a healer in <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest and most famous sanctuary to Michael in the ancient Near East was the <i><a href="/wiki/Michaelion" title="Michaelion">Michaelion</a>,</i> also associated with healing waters. It was the built in the early fourth century by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a>, on the site of an earlier temple called <i>Sosthenion</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a> (c. 310–320 – 403) in his Coptic-Arabic <i>Hexaemeron</i> referred to Michael as a replacement of <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>. Accordingly, after Satan fell, Michael was appointed to the function Satan served when he was still one of the noble angels.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A painting of the Archangel slaying a serpent became a major art piece at the <i>Michaelion</i> after Constantine defeated <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a> near there in 324. This contributed to the standard <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> that developed of the Archangel Michael as a <a href="/wiki/Warrior_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior saint">warrior saint</a> slaying a dragon.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Michaelion was a magnificent church and in time became a model for hundreds of other churches in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a>; these spread devotions to the Archangel.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fourth century, <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Saint Basil the Great</a>'s homily (<i>De Angelis</i>) placed Saint Michael over all the angels. He was called "Archangel" because he heralds other angels, the title Ἀρχαγγέλος (<i>archangelos</i>) applied to him in <a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a> 1:9.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Into the sixth century, the view of Michael as a healer continued in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>; after a plague, the sick slept at night in the church of <i><a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a></i> (dedicated to him for saving Rome), waiting for his manifestation.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler320_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler320-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the sixth century, the growth of devotions to Michael in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Church">Western Church</a> was expressed by the feasts dedicated to him, as recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Leonine_Sacramentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonine Sacramentary">Leonine Sacramentary</a>. The seventh-century <a href="/wiki/Gelasian_Sacramentary" title="Gelasian Sacramentary">Gelasian Sacramentary</a> included the feast <i>"S. Michaelis Archangeli"</i>, as did the eighth-century <a href="/wiki/Sacramentary#The_Gregorian_Sacramentary" title="Sacramentary">Gregorian Sacramentary</a>. Some of these documents refer to a <i>Basilica Archangeli</i> (no longer extant) on <a href="/wiki/Via_Salaria" title="Via Salaria">via Salaria</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelology">angelology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius</a>, which was widely read as of the sixth century, gave Michael a rank in the <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">hierarchy of angels</a>. Later, in the thirteenth century, others such as <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> believed him to be Prince of the <a href="/wiki/Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraphim">Seraphim</a>, the first of the nine angelic orders. According to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa</a></i> Ia. 113.3), he is Prince of the last and lowest choir, the Angels.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Roman Catholic views and prayers, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)">Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/170px-Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/255px-Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/340px-Second_class_Relic_stone_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Second-class relic stone of Saint Michael the Archangel from Monte Gargano, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacopo_vignali,_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg/170px-Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg/255px-Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg/340px-Jacopo_vignali%2C_san_michele_arcangelo_libera_le_anime_del_purgatorio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1685" data-file-height="2621" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_(Roman_Catholic)#At_the_hour_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)">Archangel Michael frees souls from purgatory</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Vignali" title="Jacopo Vignali">Jacopo Vignali</a>, 17th century</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> often refer to Michael as “Holy Michael, the Archangel”<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or “Saint Michael”. He is generally referred to in Christian <a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">litanies</a> as “Saint Michael”, as in the <a href="/wiki/Litany_of_the_Saints" title="Litany of the Saints">Litany of the Saints</a>. In the shortened version said at the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil" title="Easter Vigil">Easter Vigil</a>, he alone of the angels and archangels is mentioned by name, omitting Saints <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)">Roman Catholic teachings</a>, Saint Michael has four main roles or offices.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first role is the leader of the Army of God and the leader of celestial forces in triumphing over the powers of Hell.<sup id="cite_ref-Donna60_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donna60-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is viewed as the angelic model for the virtues of the “spiritual warrior”, his conflict with evil taken as “the battle within”.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr20072_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr20072-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second and third roles of Michael in Catholic teachings deal with death. In his second role, he is the angel of death, <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">carrying the souls</a> of Christians to Heaven. Catholic prayers often refer to this role of Michael. In his third role, he weighs souls on his perfectly balanced scales, a common object he holds in art.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr200739_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr200739-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his fourth role, Saint Michael, the special patron of the Chosen People in the Old Testament, is also Guardian of the Church. Saint Michael was revered by the <a href="/wiki/Military_orders_of_the_Crusades" class="mw-redirect" title="Military orders of the Crusades">military orders</a> of knights during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages_in_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ages in history">Middle Ages</a>. The names of villages around the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> reflect that history. Moreover, doubtless for the same motive he was considered the patron saint of a number of cities and countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1821117_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1821117-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catholic tradition includes also elements such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Michael" title="Prayer to Saint Michael">Prayer to Saint Michael</a></i>, which specifically asks the saint to “defend” the faithful from evil.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_Saint_Michael" title="Chaplet of Saint Michael">Chaplet of Saint Michael</a></i> consists of nine salutations, one for each choir of angels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003123_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003123-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saint_Michael_the_Archangel_prayer">Saint Michael the Archangel prayer</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Saint Michael the Archangel prayer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Michael#In_the_Leonine_Prayers" title="Prayer to Saint Michael">Prayer to Saint Michael § In the Leonine Prayers</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="la" class="poem"> <div class="poem"> <p>Sancte Míchael Archángele, <br /> defénde nos in próelio;<br /> contra nequítiam et insídias diáboli esto praesídium.<br /> Imperet illi Deus, súpplices deprecámur,<br /> tuque, Prínceps milítiae caeléstis,<br /> Sátanam aliósque spíritus malígnos,<br /> qui ad perditiónem animárum pervagántur in mundo,<br /> divína virtúte, in inférnum detrúde.<sup id="cite_ref-bollettino_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bollettino-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <div class="poem"> <p>Saint Michael the Archangel, <br /> defend us in battle.<br /> Be our defense against the wickedness and snares of the Devil. <br /> May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, <br /> and do thou, O Prince of the heavenly hosts, <br /> by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan, <br /> and all the evil spirits, who prowl about the world <br /> seeking the ruin of souls.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy">Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> accord Michael the title <i>Archistrategos</i>, or “Supreme Commander of the Heavenly Hosts”.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eastern Orthodox pray to their <a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">guardian angels</a> and above all, to Michael and Gabriel.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox have always had strong devotions to angels. In contemporary times, they are referred to by the term of “Bodiless Powers”.<sup id="cite_ref-EOEnc_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOEnc-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of feasts dedicated to Archangel Michael are celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-EOEnc_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOEnc-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archangel Michael is mentioned in a number of Eastern Orthodox hymns and prayer, and his icons are widely used within Eastern Orthodox churches.<sup id="cite_ref-B16_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B16-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many Eastern Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>, Christ is accompanied by a number of angels, Michael being a predominant figure among them.<sup id="cite_ref-B16_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B16-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, many monasteries, cathedrals, court and merchant churches are dedicated to the Chief Commander Michael; most Russian cities have a church or chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Ukraine, the Archangel Michael is the patron saint of the capital city, Kyiv. He became popular since the time of <a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_I_of_Kiev" title="Vsevolod I of Kiev">Prince Vsevolod</a> of Kievan Rus'. </p><p>While in the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Saint Sava</a> has a special role as the establisher of its autocephaly and the largest Belgrade church is devoted to him, the capital <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>'s Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Belgrade" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade">see church</a> of the patriarch, is devoted to Archangel Michael (in Serbian: <i>Арханђел Михаило</i> / <i>Arhanđel Mihailo</i>). </p><p>The place of Michael in the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a> is as a <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">saintly intercessor</a>. He is the one who presents to God the prayers of the just, who accompanies the souls of the dead to heaven, who defeats the devil. He is celebrated liturgically on the 12th of each <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic month</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, a church was dedicated to him in the early fourth century on the 12th of the month of <a href="/wiki/Paoni" title="Paoni">Paoni</a>. The 12th of the month of <a href="/wiki/Hathor_(month)" title="Hathor (month)">Hathor</a> is the celebration of Michael's appointment in heaven, where Michael became the chief of the angels.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Window,_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/220px-West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/330px-West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg/440px-West_Window%2C_Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_%28Rosemont%2C_Pennsylvania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1085" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>West window showing Michael in armour, Episcopal <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(Rosemont,_Pennsylvania)" title="Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)">Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)</a> United States; memorial to the dead of the First World War</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg/220px-Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg/330px-Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg/440px-Erzengel_Michael-Statue_%C3%BCber_dem_Portal_der_St._Michaeliskirche_Hamburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Statue at <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hamburg" title="St. Michael's Church, Hamburg">St. Michael's Church, Hamburg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Protestants recognize Michael as an archangel. The <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> traditions recognize four archangels: Michael, <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Armentrout2000_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armentrout2000-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The controversial Anglican bishop <a href="/wiki/Robert_Clayton_(bishop)" title="Robert Clayton (bishop)">Robert Clayton</a> (d. 1758) proposed that Michael was the <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a> and Gabriel the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controversy over Clayton's views led the government to order his prosecution, but he died before his scheduled examination.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hamburg" title="St. Michael's Church, Hamburg">St. Michael's Church, Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim</a> are named for Michael. In <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Bach</a>'s time, the annual feast of Michael and All the Angels on 29 September was regularly celebrated with a festive service in Lutheran churches, for which Bach composed several cantatas, for example the <a href="/wiki/Chorale_cantata_(Bach)" title="Chorale cantata (Bach)">chorale cantata</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Herr_Gott,_dich_loben_alle_wir,_BWV_130" title="Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, BWV 130">Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, BWV 130</a></i> in 1724, <a href="/wiki/Es_erhub_sich_ein_Streit,_BWV_19" title="Es erhub sich ein Streit, BWV 19"><i>Es erhub sich ein Streit</i>, BWV 19</a>, in 1726 and <a href="/wiki/Man_singet_mit_Freuden_vom_Sieg,_BWV_149" title="Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg, BWV 149"><i>Man singet mit Freuden vom Sieg</i>, BWV 149</a>, in 1728 or 1729. </p><p>Many Protestant theologians identify a relationship, (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">typological</a> or identical), between Michael with Christ, including: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wilhelm_Hengstenberg" title="Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg">Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Willet" title="Andrew Willet">Andrew Willet</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Witsius" title="Hermann Witsius">Herman Witsius</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_Alexander" title="William Lindsay Alexander">W. L. Alexander</a>, Jacobus Ode,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Campegius_Vitringa" title="Campegius Vitringa">Campegius Vitringa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Broughton" title="Hugh Broughton">Hugh Broughton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Junius_(the_elder)" title="Franciscus Junius (the elder)">Franciscus Junius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Andreas_Christoph_Havernick" title="Heinrich Andreas Christoph Havernick">Hävernick</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amandus_Polanus" title="Amandus Polanus">Amandus Polanus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Oecolampadius" title="Johannes Oecolampadius">Johannes Oecolampadius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Horsley" title="Samuel Horsley">Samuel Horsely</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Kincaid<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Watts" title="Isaac Watts">Isaac Watts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_of_Haddington" title="John Brown of Haddington">John Brown</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and James Wood.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haddon_Spurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Haddon Spurgeon">Charles Spurgeon</a> once stated that Jesus is "the true Michael"<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "the only Archangel".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a> comments on Jude 9, "'Yet Michael the archangel ...' By whom is meant, not a created angel, but an eternal one, the Lord Jesus Christ ..."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restorationism">Restorationism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Restorationism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seventh-day_Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Seventh-day Adventists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_theology#Christ_and_the_Archangel_Michael" title="Seventh-day Adventist theology">Seventh-day Adventist, beliefs about Michael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence of Christ</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a> believe that "Michael" is but one of the many titles applied to the pre-existent Christ, or Son of God. According to Adventists, such a view does not in any way conflict with the belief in the full deity and eternal preexistence of Jesus Christ, nor does it in the least disparage his person and work.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Adventist theology, Michael was considered the "eternal Word", and the one by whom all things were created. The Word was then born incarnate as Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They believe that name "Michael" signifies "One Who Is Like God" and that as the "Archangel" or "chief or head of the angels" he led the angels and thus the statement in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#12:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">Revelation 12:7–9</a> identifies/refers to Jesus as Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jehovah's_Witnesses"><span id="Jehovah.27s_Witnesses"></span>Jehovah's Witnesses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jehovah's Witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_witnesses#Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses beliefs about Jesus</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> believe Michael to be another name for <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Jesus in heaven</a>, in his pre-human and post-resurrection existence.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated218_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated218-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They say the definite article at Jude 9<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—referring to "Michael the archangel"—identifies Michael as the only archangel. They consider Michael to be synonymous with Christ, described at 1 Thessalonians 4:16<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as descending "with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They believe the prominent roles assigned to Michael at Daniel 12:1,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revelation 12:7,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revelation 19:14,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Revelation 16<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are identical to Jesus' roles, being the one chosen to lead God's people and as the only one who "stands up", identifying the two as the same spirit being. Because they identify Michael with Jesus, he is therefore considered the first and greatest of all God's heavenly sons, God's chief messenger, who takes the lead in vindicating God's <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>, sanctifying his name, fighting the wicked forces of Satan and protecting God's covenant people on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jehovah's Witnesses also identify Michael with the "<a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a>" who led and protected the Israelites in the wilderness.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their earliest teachings stated that Archangel Michael was not to be worshipped.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Beliefs_and_practices_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></div> <p>Members of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> believe that Michael is <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam and Eve (LDS Church)">Adam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a> (Dan. 7), a prince, and the patriarch of the human family. They also hold that Michael assisted <a href="/wiki/Jehovah" title="Jehovah">Jehovah</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence#Latter_Day_Saints" title="Pre-existence">pre-mortal</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) in the creation of the world under the direction of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elohim#Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>); under the direction of the Father, Michael also cast Satan out of heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Islam, Michael, or Mīkāʾīl,<sup id="cite_ref-King_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the angel said to effectuate God's providence as well as natural phenomena, such as rain.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is one of the four archangels along with <a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibril</a> (Gabriel, whom he is often paired with), <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">ʾIsrāfīl</a> (trumpeter angel) and <a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">ʿAzrāʾīl</a> (angel of death).<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michael in Islam is said to be friendly, asking <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> for mercy toward humans and is, according to Muslim legends, one of the first to obey God's orders to bow before <a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the tears of Michael, angels are created as his helpers.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consensus of Islamic scholars and clerics has enclosed various hadiths as interpretation material for the verse of <a href="/wiki/Al_Imran" title="Al Imran">Surah Al Imran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=124">3:124</a> that Gabriel,<sup id="cite_ref-Quran_4_U_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quran_4_U-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misri;_Sirah_Sahabah:_Zubair_bin_Awwam_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misri;_Sirah_Sahabah:_Zubair_bin_Awwam-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael, <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Raphael</a><sup id="cite_ref-Israfil_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israfil-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thousands of <a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">best angels</a> from third level of sky, all came to the battle of Badr.<sup id="cite_ref-Suyuti_118-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suyuti-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various hadith traditions linked to the <a href="/wiki/Al_Imran" title="Al Imran">Surah Al Imran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/3?startingVerse=124">3:124</a>, has stated that those angels has taken form of <a href="/wiki/Zubayr_ibn_al-Awwam" title="Zubayr ibn al-Awwam">Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Muhammad">companion of Muhammad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tarikh_Dimashq_2_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarikh_Dimashq_2-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Sunan_an-Nasa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan an-Nasa'i">version</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasa%27i" title="Al-Nasa'i">an-Nasāʾi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is quoted as saying that Gabriel and Michael came to him, and when Gabriel had sat down at his right and Michael at his left, Gabriel told him to recite the Qurʾān in one mode, and Michael told him to ask more, till he reached seven modes, each mode being sufficiently health-giving.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another hadith in <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>, Michael, along with Gabriel both dressed in white, were reported to have accompanied Muhammad on the day of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Safiur_Rahman_Mubarakpuri" title="Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri">Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri</a> has recorded in his historiography works of Quran and Hadith revelation in <a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Prophetic biography</a>, that <a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_ibn_Abi_Waqqas" title="Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas">Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas</a> testified has saw Jibril and Mikail during that battle.<sup id="cite_ref-eve_of_battle_of_Uhud_&_Ahzab_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eve_of_battle_of_Uhud_&_Ahzab-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Dua</a> Umm Dawood, a supplication reportedly handed down by the 6th <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq">Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>, the reciter sends blessing upon Michael (with his name spelled as Mīkā'īl):<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>O Allah! Bestow your blessing on Michael-angel of Your mercy and created for kindness and seeker of pardon for and supporter of the obedient people.</p></blockquote> <p>In the creation narrative of <a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a> he was sent to bring a handful of earth, but the Earth did not yield a piece of itself, some of which will burn. This is articulated by <a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%60labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha`labi">Al-Tha'labi</a>, whose narrative states that God tells Earth that some will obey him and others will not.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michael is called Mika'il or Mikha'il in Muslim works generally, but in the one instance in which he is mentioned in the Quran he is called Mīkāl.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1885348_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1885348-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The single Quranic mention comes in the QS 2:98, when the Jews of Medina challenged Muhammed to tell them the name of the angel (malaika = creature with a knowledge) from whom he received his revelations; when he told them it was Gabriel, the Jews said that Gabriel was their enemy, and that revelations came from Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoegelWheeler2002218_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoegelWheeler2002218-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (sayings of and about the Prophet collected by his followers) quote Muhammed mentioning both Gabriel and Michael as two angels who showed him Paradise and hell, and in the early years of Islam the Muslims recited the names of both in the obligatory daily prayers (the salat).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The place of Michael, and some of the other archangels, is not clearly identified in the major sources, and among ordinary Muslims knowledge of them is drawn from non-Islamic sources, notably Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The archangel Michael seems to have never been mentioned publicly by <a href="/wiki/Baha%27u%27llah" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha'u'llah">Baha'u'llah</a>, <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Baha" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abdu'l-Baha">'Abdu'l-Baha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoghi_Effendi" title="Shoghi Effendi">Shoghi Effendi</a>, or even the <a href="/wiki/Universal_House_of_Justice" title="Universal House of Justice">Universal House of Justice</a>. Baháʼí publications interpreting the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> say Baha'u'llah was a chief prince of Persia<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> foretold as Michael who would win "final victory over the dragon". Or, Michael, "One like God", is thought to be Baha'u'llah, as archangel Michael is thought to be an emanation of <a href="/wiki/Hod_(Kabbalah)" title="Hod (Kabbalah)">Hod</a> or "glory" in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Mysticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Mysticism">Jewish Mysticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – because "Baha'u'llah" means splendor or glory of God. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gnosticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Secret Book of John</a>, a second-century text found in the <a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_library" title="Nag Hammadi library">Nag Hammadi codices</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, Michael is placed in control of the demons who help <a href="/wiki/Demiurge#Yaldabaoth" title="Demiurge">Yaldabaoth</a> create <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, along with six others named Uriel, Asmenedas, Saphasatoel, Aarmouriam, Richram, and Amiorps.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen of Alexandria</a> in his work <a href="/wiki/Contra_Celsum" title="Contra Celsum">Against Celsus</a>, Michael was represented as a lion on the <a href="/wiki/Ophite_Diagrams" title="Ophite Diagrams">Ophite Diagram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feasts">Feasts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Feasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg/220px-S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg/330px-S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg/440px-S._Miguel_Arcanjo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Archangel Michael at a Portuguese feast in <a href="/wiki/Cabeceiras_de_Basto" title="Cabeceiras de Basto">Cabeceiras de Basto</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Anglican Calendar of Saints</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)">Lutheran Calendar of Saints</a>, the archangel's feast is celebrated on <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Michaelmas</a> Day, 29 September. The day is also considered the feast of Saints Michael, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>, in the General Roman Calendar and the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels according to the Church of England.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, Saint Michael's principal feast day is 8 November (those that use the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> celebrate it on what in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> is now 21 November), honouring him along with the rest of the <i>"Bodiless Powers of Heaven"</i> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>) as their Supreme Commander (Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_Archangel_Michael_at_Chonae#Miracle_of_the_Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae">Miracle at Chonae</a></i> is commemorated on 6 September.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Truro" title="Diocese of Truro">diocese of Truro</a>, 8 May is the feast of <i>St. Michael, Protector of Cornwall</i>. The archangel Michael is one of the three patron saints of <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feast of the Appearing of S. Michael the Archangel is observed by Anglo-Catholics on 8 May.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From medieval times until 1960 it was also observed on that day in the Roman Catholic Church; the feast commemorates the archangel's apparition on <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Mount Gargano in Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a>, the main feast day in 12 <a href="/wiki/Hathor_(month)" title="Hathor (month)">Hathor</a> and 12 <a href="/wiki/Paoni" title="Paoni">Paoni</a>, and he is celebrated liturgically on the 12th of each Coptic month. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saint_Michael_and_All_Angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels">Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels</a> is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">commemorated</a> on 29 September in <a href="/wiki/ROCOR" class="mw-redirect" title="ROCOR">ROCOR</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Apparition</a> of Saint Michael in 492 on <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Mount Gargano</a> is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">commemorated</a> on 8 May<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Dedication of Saint Michael the Archangel</a> is <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">commemorated</a> on 29 September (<a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Western_Rite_Vicariate" title="Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate">Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a> of Saint Michael <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> <a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel Abbey">Mont Saint-Michel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aubert_of_Avranches" title="Aubert of Avranches">Saint Aubert of Avranches</a> is commemorated on 16 October.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 April, the Oriental Orthodox Church commemorates the deliverance of <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">prophet Jeremiah</a> from prison by Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patronages_and_orders">Patronages and orders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Patronages and orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Christianity">medieval Christianity</a>, Michael, together with <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, became the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a> and is now also considered the patron saint of police officers, paramedics and the military.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003586_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003586-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the victorious <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld" title="Battle of Lechfeld">Battle of Lechfeld</a> against the Hungarians in 955, Michael was the patron saint of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and still is the patron saint of modern Germany and other German-speaking regions formerly covered by the realm. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Michael4.jpg/220px-Michael4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Michael4.jpg/330px-Michael4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Michael4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Statue of St Michael at the former seat of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Bavarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Michael_(Bavaria)" title="Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria)">Military Order of Saint Michael</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palace,_Bonn" title="Electoral Palace, Bonn">Electoral Palace, Bonn</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In mid- to late fifteenth century, France was one of only four courts in <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christendom</a> without an order of knighthood.<sup id="cite_ref-Dacre_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dacre-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the fifteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Molinet" title="Jean Molinet">Jean Molinet</a> glorified the primordial feat of arms of the archangel as "the first deed of knighthood and chivalrous prowess that was ever achieved."<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus Michael was the natural patron of the first <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">chivalric order</a> of France, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Michael" title="Order of Saint Michael">Order of Saint Michael</a> of 1469.<sup id="cite_ref-Dacre_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dacre-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/British_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">British honours system</a>, a chivalric order founded in 1818 is also named for these two saints, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> (<i>see also</i>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Michael_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Order of Saint Michael (disambiguation)">Order of Saint Michael</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to 1878, the <a href="/wiki/Scapular_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel" title="Scapular of Saint Michael the Archangel">Scapular of St. Michael the Archangel</a> could be worn as part of a Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity" title="Archconfraternity">Archconfraternity</a>. Presently, enrollment is authorized as this <a href="/wiki/Scapular_of_Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel">holy scapular</a> remains as one of the 18 approved by the Church. </p><p>Apart from his being a patron of warriors, the sick and the suffering also consider Archangel Michael their patron saint.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the legend of his eighth-century <a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">apparition</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a>, France, the Archangel is the patron of <a href="/wiki/Sailors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailors">mariners</a> in this famous sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the evangelisation of Germany, where mountains were often dedicated to pagan gods, Christians placed many mountains under the patronage of the Archangel, and numerous mountain chapels of St. Michael appeared all over Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Similarly, the Sanctuary of St. Michel (San Migel Aralarkoa), the oldest Christian building in Navarre (Spain), lies at the top of a hill on the <a href="/wiki/Aralar_Range" title="Aralar Range">Aralar Range</a>, and harbours Carolingian remains. St. Michel is an ancient devotion of <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Gipuzkoa" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>, revered by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Basques#Christianization" title="History of the Basques">Basques</a>, shrouded in legend, and held as a champion against paganism and heresy. It came to symbolize the defense of Catholicism, as well as Basque tradition and values during the early twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg/170px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg/255px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg/340px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Brussels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Brussels">Coat of arms of Brussels</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/170px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/255px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/340px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kyiv" title="Coat of arms of Kyiv">Coat of arms of Kyiv</a></figcaption></figure><p>He has been the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> since the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a> in Russia is named for the Archangel. Ukraine and its capital <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> also consider Michael their patron saint and protector.<sup id="cite_ref-Fairbairn_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fairbairn-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow" title="Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a>, Scotland, St. Michael has been the patron saint of the town since the thirteenth century, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Michael%27s_Parish_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Michael's Parish Church (page does not exist)">St. Michael's Parish Church</a> being originally constructed in 1134. Since the fourteenth century, Saint Michael has been the patron saint of <a href="/wiki/Dumfries" title="Dumfries">Dumfries</a> in Scotland, where a church dedicated to him was built at the southern end of the town, on a mound overlooking the <a href="/wiki/River_Nith" title="River Nith">River Nith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> sisterhood dedicated to Saint Michael under the title of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_St_Michael_and_All_Angels" title="Community of St Michael and All Angels">Community of St Michael and All Angels</a> was founded in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Saint_Michael_the_Archangel" title="Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel">Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel</a> (CSMA), also known as the <i>Michaelite Fathers</i>, is a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church founded in 1897. The Canons Regular of the Order of St Michael the Archangel (OSM) are an Order of <a href="/wiki/Profession_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Profession (religious)">professed</a> religious within the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a>, the North American component of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Anglican realignment</a> movement.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>, Russia, and the federal subject <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a> are named after Michael the Archangel. </p><p>In the United States military, Saint Michael is considered to be a patron of paratroopers and, in particular, the <a href="/wiki/82nd_Airborne_Division" title="82nd Airborne Division">82nd Airborne Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first battles where the unit first was combat christened is the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">Battle of Saint-Mihiel</a> during World War I. </p><p>The beret insignia of the French paratroopers is a winged arm grasping a dagger, representing Saint Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint Michael is the patronus of Italian special forces 9° Reggimento "Col Moschin" and the Italian state police. Saint Michael (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Sveti Mihovil</i>) is patron of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Police">Croatian Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatian Army</a>, his feast day being also celebrated as the Police day in Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism_2">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a legend which seems to be of Jewish origin, and which was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Copt" class="mw-redirect" title="Copt">Copts</a>, to the effect that Michael was first sent by God to bring <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebuchadnezzar">Nebuchadnezzar</a> (c. 600 BC) against Jerusalem, and that Michael was afterward very active in freeing his nation from Babylonian captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to midrash <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a>, Michael saved <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Hananiah</a> and his companions from the <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">fiery furnace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael was active in the time of <a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a>: "The more <a href="/wiki/Haman_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haman (Bible)">Haman</a> accused Israel on earth, the more Michael defended Israel in heaven".<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was Michael who reminded <a href="/wiki/Ahasuerus" title="Ahasuerus">Ahasuerus</a> that he was <a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a>'s debtor;<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is a legend that Michael appeared to the high priest <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">Hyrcanus</a>, promising him assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews" title="Legends of the Jews">Legends of the Jews</a></i>, archangel Michael was the chief of a band of angels who questioned God's decision to create man on Earth. The entire band of angels, except for Michael, was then consumed by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-ginzberg_michael_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginzberg_michael-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity_2">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg/170px-Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg/255px-Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg/340px-Michael_Miracle_Icon_Sinai_12th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption>A 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_Archangel_Michael_at_Chonae" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae">Miracle at Chonae</a></i>, from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a></figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_Archangel_Michael_at_Chonae" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae">Miracle at Chonae</a> on September 6.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pious legend surrounding the event states that <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>, when preaching nearby, foretold the appearance of Michael at Cheretopa near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Salda" title="Lake Salda">Lake Salda</a>, where a healing spring appeared soon after the Apostle left; in gratitude for the healing of his daughter, one pilgrim built a church on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local pagans, who are described as jealous of the healing power of the spring and the church, attempt to drown the church by redirecting the river, but the Archangel, "in the likeness of a column of fire", split the bedrock to open up a new bed for the stream, directing the flow away from the church.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legend is supposed to have predated the actual events, but the fifth- to seventh-century texts that refer to the miracle at Chonae formed the basis of specific paradigms for "properly approaching" angelic intermediaries for more effective prayers within the Christian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Peers_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peers-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="There_is_a_late-fifth-century_legend"></span><span class="vanchor-text">There is a late-fifth-century legend</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, England, that the Archangel appeared to fishermen on <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Mount" title="St Michael's Mount">St Michael's Mount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornwall_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornwall-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to author Richard Freeman Johnson, this legend is likely a nationalistic twist to a myth.<sup id="cite_ref-Cornwall_173-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornwall-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornish legends also hold that the mount itself was constructed by giants<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> battled a giant there.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg/220px-St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg/330px-St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg/440px-St._Michael_the_Archangel_of_Bacoor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption> An 18th-century statue of a triumphant Saint Michael, enshrined as the patron of <a href="/wiki/Bacoor,_Cavite" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacoor, Cavite">Bacoor, Cavite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The town <i>fiesta</i> was originally on May 8, the Feast of the Apparition at Mount Gargano.</figcaption></figure> <p>The legend of the apparition of the Archangel at around AD 490 at a secluded hilltop cave on <a href="/wiki/Monte_Gargano" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Gargano">Monte Gargano</a> in Italy gained a following among the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> in the immediate period thereafter, and by the eighth century, pilgrims arrived from as far away as England.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a> included a feast of the apparition on 8 May, the date of the 663 victory over the <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neapolitans</a> that the Lombards of <a href="/wiki/Manfredonia" title="Manfredonia">Manfredonia</a> attributed to Saint Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feast <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">remained</a> in the Roman liturgical calendar until removed in the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">revision</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo</a> at Gargano is a major Catholic pilgrimage site. </p><p>According to Roman legends, Archangel Michael appeared with a sword over the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> while a devastating plague persisted in Rome, in apparent answer to the prayers of Pope <a href="/wiki/Gregory_I_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory I the Great">Gregory I the Great</a> (c. 590–604) that the plague should cease. After the plague ended, in honor of the occasion, the pope called the mausoleum <i>"<a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a>"</i> (Castle of the Holy Angel), the name by which it is still known.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler320_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler320-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Norman</a> legend, Michael is said to have appeared to <a href="/wiki/St_Aubert" class="mw-redirect" title="St Aubert">St Aubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Avranches" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Avranches">Bishop of Avranches</a>, in 708, giving instruction to build a church on the rocky islet now known as <a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MonkM_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MonkM-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CathMont_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathMont-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pilgrim_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pilgrim-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 960 the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a> commissioned a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Benedict">Benedictine</a> abbey on the mount, and it remains a major pilgrimage site.<sup id="cite_ref-pilgrim_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pilgrim-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelite</a> nun, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nia_d%27Ast%C3%B3naco" class="mw-redirect" title="Antónia d'Astónaco">Antónia d'Astónaco</a>, reported an apparition and <a href="/wiki/Private_revelation" title="Private revelation">private revelation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_(Roman_Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Michael (Roman Catholic)">Archangel Michael</a> who had told to this devoted <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Roman_Catholicism" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>, in 1751, that he would like to be honored, and God glorified, by the praying of nine special invocations. These nine invocations correspond to invocations to the nine choirs of angels and origins the famous <a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_Saint_Michael" title="Chaplet of Saint Michael">Chaplet of Saint Michael</a>. This private revelation and prayers were approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003123_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003123-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1961 to 1965, four young schoolgirls had reported several apparitions of the Archangel Michael in the small village of <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Garabandal" title="San Sebastián de Garabandal">Garabandal</a>, Spain. At Garabandal, the apparitions of the Archangel Michael were mainly reported as announcing the arrivals of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> has neither approved nor condemned the <a href="/wiki/Garabandal_apparitions" title="Garabandal apparitions">Garabandal apparitions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature,_music,_and_art"><span id="In_literature.2C_music.2C_and_art"></span>In literature, music, and art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: In literature, music, and art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1667 English <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, Michael commands the army of angels loyal to God against the rebel forces of <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>. Armed with a sword from God's armory, he bests Satan in personal combat, wounding his side.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>'s translation of the mid-thirteenth century <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Legend" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Legend">The Golden Legend</a></i>, Michael is one of the angels of the seven planets. He is the angel of Mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>, <i>Praelium Michaelis Archangeli factum in coelo cum dracone</i>, H.410, oratorio for soloists, double chorus, strings and continuo (1683).<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artistic_depictions">Artistic depictions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Artistic depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael_in_Christian_art" title="Archangel Michael in Christian art">Archangel Michael in Christian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg/220px-Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg/330px-Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg/440px-Meister_der_Ikone_des_Erzengels_Michael_001_adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption>Tenth-century gold and enamel Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="St Michael">St Michael</a>, in the treasury of the St Mark's Basilica </figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a>, Archangel Michael may be depicted alone or with other angels such as <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>. Some depictions with Gabriel date back to the eighth century, e.g. the stone casket at <a href="/wiki/Mortain" title="Mortain">Notre Dame de Mortain</a> church in France.<sup id="cite_ref-rich141_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rich141-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The widely reproduced image of <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Mother_of_Perpetual_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Mother of Perpetual Help">Our Mother of Perpetual Help</a></i>, an icon of the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a>, depicts Michael on the left carrying the lance and sponge of the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion of Jesus</a>, with Gabriel on the right side of <a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Mary and Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many depictions, Michael is represented as an angelic warrior, fully armed with helmet, sword, and shield.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shield may bear the Latin inscription <i><a href="/wiki/Quis_ut_Deus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quis ut Deus">Quis ut Deus</a></i> or the Greek inscription <i>Christos Dikaios Krites</i> or its initials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003520_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003520-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may be standing over a serpent, a dragon, or the defeated figure of Satan, whom he sometimes pierces with a lance.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The iconography of Michael slaying a serpent goes back to the early fourth century, when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Constantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Constantine">Emperor Constantine</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adrianople_(324)" title="Battle of Adrianople (324)">Battle of Adrianople</a> in AD 324, not far from the <i><a href="/wiki/Michaelion" title="Michaelion">Michaelion</a></i>, a church dedicated to Archangel Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constantine felt that Licinius was an agent of Satan and associated him with the serpent described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#12:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">12:9</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the victory, Constantine commissioned a depiction of himself and his sons slaying Licinius represented as a serpent a symbolism borrowed from the Christian teachings on the Archangel to whom he attributed the victory. A similar painting, this time with the Archangel Michael himself slaying a serpent, then became a major art piece at the Michaelion and eventually lead to the standard <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the Archangel Michael as a <a href="/wiki/Warrior_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior saint">warrior saint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In less common depiction, Michael holds a pair of scales, weighs the souls of the departed and holds the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of life">book of life</a> (as in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>) to show he partakes in the judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-rich141_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rich141-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> depicted this scene on the altar wall of the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>, Michael was often shown as a princely court dignitary rather than a warrior who battled Satan or with scales for weighing souls on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgement">Day of Judgement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Archangel Michael on a 9th-century Makurian mural"><img alt="Archangel Michael on a 9th-century Makurian mural" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/75px-Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/112px-Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Faras_-_Archangel_Michael_with_a_horn_trumpet_and_an_orb_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="4150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Archangel Michael on a 9th-century <a href="/wiki/Makuria" title="Makuria">Makurian</a> mural</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrei Rublev's standalone depiction c. 1408"><img alt="Andrei Rublev's standalone depiction c. 1408" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg/79px-Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg/119px-Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg/159px-Rublev_Arhangel_Mikhail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1963" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a>'s standalone depiction c. 1408</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael (left) with archangels Raphael and Gabriel, by Botticini, 1470"><img alt="Michael (left) with archangels Raphael and Gabriel, by Botticini, 1470" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg/120px-Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg/180px-Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg/240px-Francesco_Botticini_-_I_tre_Arcangeli_e_Tobias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1741" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Michael (left) with archangels <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Botticini" title="Francesco Botticini">Botticini</a>, 1470</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weighing souls on Judgement Day by Hans Memling, 15th century"><img alt="Weighing souls on Judgement Day by Hans Memling, 15th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg/95px-MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg/143px-MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg/191px-MemlingJudgmentCenter-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Weighing souls</i> on <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Judgement Day</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, 15th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fall of the Rebel Angels, by Luca Giordano c. 1660–1665"><img alt="The Fall of the Rebel Angels, by Luca Giordano c. 1660–1665" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/80px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/121px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/161px-Luca_Giordano_-_The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4665" data-file-height="6957" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Rebel_Angels_(Giordano)" title="The Fall of the Rebel Angels (Giordano)">The Fall of the Rebel Angels</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a> c. 1660–1665</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze statue of the Archangel Michael, standing on top of the Castel Sant'Angelo, modelled in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt."><img alt="Bronze statue of the Archangel Michael, standing on top of the Castel Sant'Angelo, modelled in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg/90px-Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg/135px-Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg/181px-Angel_Van_Verschaffelt_SantAngelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="884" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bronze statue of the Archangel Michael, standing on top of the <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a>, modelled in 1753 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Anton_von_Verschaffelt" title="Peter Anton von Verschaffelt">Peter Anton von Verschaffelt</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael's icon on the northern deacons' door on the iconostasis of Hajdúdorog. The archangel is often depicted on iconostases' doors as a defender of the sanctuary."><img alt="Michael's icon on the northern deacons' door on the iconostasis of Hajdúdorog. The archangel is often depicted on iconostases' doors as a defender of the sanctuary." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG/90px-Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG/135px-Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG/180px-Archangel_Michael_Hajdudorog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Michael's icon on the northern <i>deacons' door</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Iconostasis_of_Hajd%C3%BAdorog" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconostasis of Hajdúdorog">iconostasis of Hajdúdorog</a>. The archangel is often depicted on iconostases' doors as a defender of the sanctuary.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archangel_Michael,_St_Pancras_New_Church,_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Archangel Michael by Emily Young in the grounds of St Pancras New Church. Plaque inscription: "In memory of the victims of the 7th July 2005 bombings and all victims of violence. 'I will lift up my eyes unto the hills'""><img alt="Archangel Michael by Emily Young in the grounds of St Pancras New Church. Plaque inscription: "In memory of the victims of the 7th July 2005 bombings and all victims of violence. 'I will lift up my eyes unto the hills'"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG/120px-Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG/180px-Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG/240px-Archangel_Michael%2C_St_Pancras_New_Church%2C_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Archangel Michael</i> by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Young" title="Emily Young">Emily Young</a> in the grounds of <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_New_Church" title="St Pancras New Church">St Pancras New Church</a>. Plaque inscription: "In memory of the victims of the <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">7th July 2005 bombings</a> and all victims of violence. 'I will lift up my eyes unto the hills'"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Michael the Archangel and the Dragon. Queen of Archangels Roman Catholic Parish, Clarence, Pennsylvania"><img alt="St. Michael the Archangel and the Dragon. Queen of Archangels Roman Catholic Parish, Clarence, Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/120px-St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/180px-St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg/240px-St._Michael_the_Archangel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3421" data-file-height="3421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>St. Michael the Archangel and the Dragon</i>. Queen of Archangels Roman Catholic Parish, Clarence, Pennsylvania</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein,_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Michael's Victory over the Devil, a 1958 sculpture by Jacob Epstein on the wall of the new Coventry Cathedral, England"><img alt="St Michael's Victory over the Devil, a 1958 sculpture by Jacob Epstein on the wall of the new Coventry Cathedral, England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg/68px-St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg/102px-St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg/137px-St_Michael%27s_victory_over_the_Devil_by_Sir_Jacob_Epstein%2C_Coventry_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="4120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Victory_over_the_Devil" title="St Michael's Victory over the Devil">St Michael's Victory over the Devil</a></i>, a 1958 sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a> on the wall of the new <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a>, England</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namesake_churches">Namesake churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Namesake churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Structured_gallery_of_churches_dedicated_to_Archangel_Michael" class="extiw" title="commons:Structured gallery of churches dedicated to Archangel Michael"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Structured gallery of churches dedicated to Archangel Michael</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/220px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/330px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg/440px-Mont_Saint-Michel_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg/170px-20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg/255px-20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg/340px-20060416-Michaelskirche_Muenchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Michael's Church, Munich">St. Michael's</a> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> church, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg/170px-Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg/255px-Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg/340px-Biserica_romano-catolica_sf._Mihai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Cluj-Napoca" title="St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca">St. Michael's</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> church, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, Romania</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="St. Michael's Church (disambiguation)">St. Michael's Church (disambiguation)</a></li> <li>Parroquia de San Miguel Arcángel (<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parroquia_de_San_Miguel_Arc%C3%A1ngel_(San_Miguel_el_Alto)" class="extiw" title="es:Parroquia de San Miguel Arcángel (San Miguel el Alto)">es</a>), <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a> Mexico <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_di_San_Michele" title="Sacra di San Michele">Sacra di San Michele</a> (Saint Michael's Abbey), near <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Michael,_%C5%A0tip" title="Church of St. Michael, Štip">Church of St. Michael</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tip" title="Štip">Štip</a>, Macedonia</li> <li>Pfarrei Brixen St. Michael with the <a href="/wiki/White_Tower_(Brixen)" title="White Tower (Brixen)">White Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brixen" title="Brixen">Brixen</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Michael_and_St._Gudula" title="Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula">Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, France – a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral_Basilica_(Toronto)" title="St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica (Toronto)">St. Michael's Cathedral Basilica (Toronto)</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral_(Izhevsk)" title="St. Michael's Cathedral (Izhevsk)">St. Michael's Cathedral (Izhevsk)</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Catholic_Church,_Sharjah" title="St. Michael's Catholic Church, Sharjah">St. Michael's Catholic Church, Sharjah</a>, United Arab Emirates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudov_Monastery" title="Chudov Monastery">Chudov Monastery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Moscow Kremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Archangel" title="Cathedral of the Archangel">Cathedral of the Archangel</a> in the Moscow Kremlin – a World Heritage Site</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gargano" title="Gargano">Gargano</a>, Italy – a World Heritage Site</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Mount" title="St Michael's Mount">St Michael's Mount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael,_Minnesota" title="St. Michael, Minnesota">St. Michael, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Basilica,_Miramichi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Basilica, Miramichi">St. Michael's Basilica, Miramichi</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skellig_Michael" title="Skellig Michael">Skellig Michael</a>, off the Irish west coast – a World Heritage Site</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">St Michael's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery" title="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery">St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's Church, Vienna">St. Michael's Church, Vienna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas_Basilica" title="Tayabas Basilica">Tayabas Basilica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tayabas,_Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayabas, Quezon">Tayabas, Quezon</a>, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Berlin" title="St. Michael's Church, Berlin">St. Michael's Church, Berlin</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Church_(Manila)" title="San Miguel Church (Manila)">San Miguel Church (Manila)</a>, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Munich" title="St. Michael's Church, Munich">St. Michael's</a> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> church, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Belgrade" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade">St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamu_Cathedral" title="Gamu Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gamu" title="Gamu">Gamu, Isabela</a>, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Miguel_Arc%C3%A1ngel" title="Mission San Miguel Arcángel">Mission San Miguel Arcángel</a>, San Miguel, California, United States, one of the California Missions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_at_the_North_Gate" title="St Michael at the North Gate">St Michael at the North Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Cluj-Napoca" title="St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca">St. Michael's</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> church, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, Romania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Mumbai" title="St. Michael's Church, Mumbai">St. Michael's Church, Mumbai</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_and_All_Angels_Church,_Polwatte" title="St Michael and All Angels Church, Polwatte">St Michael and All Angels Church, Polwatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Churchill" title="St Michael's Church, Churchill">St Michael's Church, Churchill</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Arcangel_Church_(Marilao)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Miguel Arcangel Church (Marilao)">San Miguel Arcangel Church</a>, Marilao, Bulacan, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Arcangel_Church_(San_Miguel,_Bulacan)" title="San Miguel Arcangel Church (San Miguel, Bulacan)">San Miguel Arcangel Church</a>, San Miguel, Bulacan, Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael_the_Archangel,_Llanyblodwel" title="St Michael the Archangel, Llanyblodwel">St Michael the Archangel, Llanyblodwel</a>, England</li> <li>Seven medieval churches in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> were dedicated to the saint, including one in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BA%C3%B0ardalur" title="Búðardalur">Búðardalur in Skarðsströnd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinar_in_Eyjafj%C3%B6ll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinar in Eyjafjöll (page does not exist)">Steinar in Eyjafjöll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borg_%C3%A1_M%C3%BDrum" title="Borg á Mýrum">Borg in Mýrar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_cosmology" title="Biblical cosmology">Biblical cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hebrew:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="he-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[mixaˈʔel]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מִיכָאֵל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Mīḵāʾēl</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Who is like El [God]?'; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Μιχαήλ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Mikhaḗl</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Michahel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mīkāʾīl, Mīkāl, Mīkhāʾīl</i></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">found in Mustadrak al Sahihayn.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complete narration from <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> were:... <i>Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yaqoub has reported from Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al-Saadi, who told us Muhammad bin Khalid bin Uthma, told us Musa bin Yaqoub, told me Abu Al-Huwairith, that Muhammad bin Jubayr bin Mut’im told him, that he heard Ali – may God be pleased with him – addresses the people, and he said: While I was leaving from the well of Badr, a strong wind came, the like of which I had never seen, then it left, then came a strong wind, the like of which I have never seen except for the one before it, then it went, then came a strong wind that I did not see before. I have never seen anything like it except for the one before it, and the first wind was Gabriel descended among a thousand angels with the Messenger of God – may God bless him and grant him peace – and the second wind was Michael who descended among a thousand angels to the right of the Messenger of God – may God bless him and his family and grant them peace – and Abu Bakr was On his right, and the third wind was Israfil. He descended with a thousand angels on the side of the Messenger of God – may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family – and I was on the right side. When God Almighty defeated his enemies, the Messenger of God – may God's prayers and peace be upon him and his family – carried me on his horse, I blew up, and I fell On my heels, I prayed to God Almighty</i>... <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al_Mulqin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al Mulqin (page does not exist)">Ibn al Mulqin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Al-Mulaqqin" class="extiw" title="id:Ibnu Al-Mulaqqin">id</a>]</span>, Hadith scholar from Córdoba of 13–14 AD century, evaluate this hadith tha he found weaknesses in Musa ibn Yaqoub and Abu al Huwairith chain, so he deemed there is weakness about this hadith.<sup id="cite_ref-Al_Mulqin_Mukhtaras_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al_Mulqin_Mukhtaras-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent scholarship from Ali Hasan al-Halabi notes another hadith which supports the participation of Raphael in Badr<sup id="cite_ref-Israfil_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israfil-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Islamic belief in weak chain of Hadith, Israfil were acknowledged as angel who were tasked to blower of <a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a> trumpet.<sup id="cite_ref-Israfil2_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israfil2-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suyuti mentioned Israfil as <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">Muezzin</a> among angels, possessed four wings, while Suyuti also mentioned another narrator Israfil possessed twelve wings instead.<sup id="cite_ref-Suyuti_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suyuti-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israfil also mentioned by Suyuti as <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">Muezzin</a> among angels and a member of a group of biggest archangels who bear the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_God" title="Throne of God">Throne of God</a> on their back.<sup id="cite_ref-Suyuti_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suyuti-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Bakar al-Hudhali opined the angel who blowing horn were different from Israfil, while <a href="/wiki/Abu_Said_Al-Khudri" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Said Al-Khudri">Abu Said Al-Khudri</a> mentioned the blower of horn were in fact consisted of two angels, while he supported the opinion that Israfil were also one of the blower.<sup id="cite_ref-Suyuti_118-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suyuti-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a> thought the hadith were <a href="/wiki/Munkar_(Hadith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Munkar (Hadith)">Munkar</a> and should not be trusted.<sup id="cite_ref-Collector_of_Hadiths_and_Traces_:_Which_was_brought_out_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collector_of_Hadiths_and_Traces_:_Which_was_brought_out-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to one Hadith, Muhammad were told that the angels that appeared in the battle of Badr were highest in status and the "best of angels" according to Gabriel.<sup id="cite_ref-Lives_Of_The_Sahaba_39_–_Az-Zubayr_Ibn_Al-Awwam_–_PT_01_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lives_Of_The_Sahaba_39_–_Az-Zubayr_Ibn_Al-Awwam_–_PT_01-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Alban-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alban_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Butler" title="Alban Butler">Alban Butler</a>, <i>The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints</i>. 12 vols. B. Dornin, 1821; p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709154017/http://www.news.va/en/news/benedict-xvi-joins-pope-francis-in-consecrating-va">"Benedict XVI joins Pope Francis in consecrating Vatican to St Michael Archangel"</a>. news.va. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.va/en/news/benedict-xvi-joins-pope-francis-in-consecrating-va">the original</a> on 2017-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benedict+XVI+joins+Pope+Francis+in+consecrating+Vatican+to+St+Michael+Archangel&rft.pub=news.va&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.va%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fbenedict-xvi-joins-pope-francis-in-consecrating-va&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=308">"St. Michael, the Archangel – Saints & Angels"</a>. Catholic.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Michael%2C+the+Archangel+%E2%80%93+Saints+%26+Angels&rft.pub=Catholic.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint.php%3Fsaint_id%3D308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKock2021" class="citation web cs1">Kock, Claudia (8 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.die-tagespost.de/kirche/heilige/heiliger-erzengel-michael-schutzpatron-deutschlands-art-172857">"Heiliger Erzengel Michael: Schutzpatron Deutschlands"</a>. <i>die-tagespost.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=die-tagespost.de&rft.atitle=Heiliger+Erzengel+Michael%3A+Schutzpatron+Deutschlands&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft.aulast=Kock&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.die-tagespost.de%2Fkirche%2Fheilige%2Fheiliger-erzengel-michael-schutzpatron-deutschlands-art-172857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKock2021" class="citation web cs1">Kock, Claudia (8 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.donaukurier.de/archiv/erzengel-teufelsbezwinger-und-beliebter-schutzpatron-3625816">"Heiliger Erzengel Michael: Schutzpatron Deutschlands"</a>. <i>Donaukurier.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donaukurier.de&rft.atitle=Heiliger+Erzengel+Michael%3A+Schutzpatron+Deutschlands&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft.aulast=Kock&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaukurier.de%2Farchiv%2Ferzengel-teufelsbezwinger-und-beliebter-schutzpatron-3625816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search?query=%22St.+Michael+the+Taxiarch%22&sin=TXT/">"It is so called in the Orthodox Church"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+is+so+called+in+the+Orthodox+Church.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3D%2522St.%2BMichael%2Bthe%2BTaxiarch%2522%26sin%3DTXT%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsale202055-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsale202055_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsale202055_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsale2020">Asale 2020</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133–54_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannah2011">Hannah 2011</a>, pp. 33–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201133-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201133_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannah2011">Hannah 2011</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnes199354_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarnes1993">Barnes 1993</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201154-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201154_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannah2011">Hannah 2011</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2012:7–12&version=nrsv">Revelation 12:7–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156–157_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromiley1971">Bromiley 1971</a>, pp. 156–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannah201146-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannah201146_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannah2011">Hannah 2011</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999339-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999339_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1999">Collins 1999</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins198434–36-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins198434–36_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, pp. 34–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2008176-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2008176_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2008">Hill 2008</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahlbusch1999674-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahlbusch1999674_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahlbusch1999">Fahlbusch 1999</a>, p. 674.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarker2006123-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarker2006123_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarker2006">Barker 2006</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971157-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971157_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromiley1971">Bromiley 1971</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromiley1971156_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromiley1971">Bromiley 1971</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen200818-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen200818_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen2008">Green 2008</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen200879-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen200879_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen2008">Green 2008</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pirkei_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" title="Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer</a> xxvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=560&letter=M#1833">"Michael"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D560%26letter%3DM%231833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yer. Ber. ix. 13a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baruch Apoc. Ethiopic, ix. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Midrash Abkir, in Yalḳ., Gen. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Midrash Exodus Rabbah xviii. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cathenc-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_31-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10275b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Michael the Archangel"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+St.+Michael+the+Archangel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F10275b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Freeman Johnson (2005), <i>Saint Michael the Archangel in Medieval English Legend</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7">1-84383-128-7</a>; pp. 33–34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monferrer-Sala, J. P. (2014). "One More Time on the Arabized Nominal Form Iblīs", <i>Studia Orientalia Electronica,</i> 112, 55–70. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9526">https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9526</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803172624/https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9526">Archived</a> 2019-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Jameson" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Jameson">Anna Jameson</a> (2004), <i>Sacred and Legendary Art</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-8144-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-8144-8">0-7661-8144-8</a>; p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler320-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Butler320_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Butler320_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alban Butler, <i>The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints</i>. 12 vols. Dublin: James Duffy, 1866; p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Even if they are the lowest order of angels, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa</a></i> Ia. 113.3, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psalms_90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psalms 90 (page does not exist)">Psalms 90</a> attributes the guardianship of men to the angels and In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+18:10&version=nkjv">Matthew 18:10</a> Jesus warns not to despise children because "their angels in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a> always see the <a href="/wiki/Face_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Face of God">face</a> of my <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a> in heaven."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnline" class="citation web cs1">Online, Catholic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?p=12">"Holy Michael, the Archangel, Defend Us in Battle – Prayers"</a>. <i>Catholic Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Online&rft.atitle=Holy+Michael%2C+the+Archangel%2C+Defend+Us+in+Battle+%E2%80%93+Prayers&rft.aulast=Online&rft.aufirst=Catholic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic.org%2Fprayers%2Fprayer.php%3Fp%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCadwalladerMichael_Trainor2011" class="citation book cs1">Cadwallader, Alan H.; Michael Trainor (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/book/10.13109/9783666533976"><i>Colossae in Space and Time</i></a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13109%2F9783666533976">10.13109/9783666533976</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53397-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53397-0"><bdi>978-3-525-53397-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colossae+in+Space+and+Time&rft.pages=323&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13109%2F9783666533976&rft.isbn=978-3-525-53397-0&rft.aulast=Cadwallader&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft.au=Michael+Trainor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vr-elibrary.de%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.13109%2F9783666533976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donna60-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donna60_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donna-Marie O'Boyle, <i>Catholic Saints Prayer Book</i> OSV Publishing, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59276-285-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-59276-285-9">1-59276-285-9</a> p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr20072-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr20072_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarr2007">Starr 2007</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarr200739-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarr200739_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStarr2007">Starr 2007</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler1821117-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler1821117_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler1821">Butler 1821</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael McGrath, <i>Patrons and Protectors</i>. Liturgy Training, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56854-109-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56854-109-0">1-56854-109-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710020229/http://ewtn.com/Devotionals/prayers/michael.htm">"Prayer to St Michael"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/prayers/michael.htm">the original</a> on 2019-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EWTN&rft.atitle=Prayer+to+St+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fdevotionals%2Fprayers%2Fmichael.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Bunson, <i>The Catholic Almanac's Guide to the Church</i>, OSV Publishing, 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-914-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-914-2">0-87973-914-2</a> p. 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy Welborn, <i>The Words We Pray</i>. Loyola Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8294-1956-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8294-1956-X">0-8294-1956-X</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003123-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003123_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003123_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBall2003">Ball 2003</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/prayers/chaplet-of-st-michael.htm">"The Chaplet of St. Michael the Archangel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029165706/http://www.ewtn.com/Devotionals/prayers/chaplet-of-st-michael.htm">Archived</a> 2010-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bollettino-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bollettino_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/09/29/180929d.html">"Holy See Press Office Communiqué"</a>. <i>press.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Holy+See+Press+Office+Communiqu%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2018%2F09%2F29%2F180929d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/55370/prayer-to-saint-michael-the-archangel">"Catholic News Agency Resources"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+News+Agency+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fresource%2F55370%2Fprayer-to-saint-michael-the-archangel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaun2007" class="citation book cs1">Baun, Jane (2007). <i>Tales from Another Byzantium</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 391 et passim. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82395-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82395-1"><bdi>978-0-521-82395-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+from+Another+Byzantium&rft.pages=391+et+passim&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82395-1&rft.aulast=Baun&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eastern Orthodox Theology: A Contemporary Reader</i> by Daniel B. Clendenin (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801026512" title="Special:BookSources/0801026512">0801026512</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOEnc-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOEnc_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOEnc_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i>, by John Anthony McGuckin (2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1405185392" title="Special:BookSources/1405185392">1405185392</a> p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B16-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B16_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B16_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life</i>, by Ernst Benz (2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0202362981" title="Special:BookSources/0202362981">0202362981</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors</i>, by Mikhail S. Blinnikov (2010), p. 203 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Architectures of Russian Identity, 1500 to the Present</i>, by James Cracraft (2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801488281" title="Special:BookSources/0801488281">0801488281</a>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity</i>, by Otto Friedrich August Meinardus (2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-424-757-4" title="Special:BookSources/977-424-757-4">977-424-757-4</a> pp. 27, 117, 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Money, Land and Trade: An Economic History of the Muslim Mediterranean</i>, by Nelly Hanna (2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-699-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-699-9">1-86064-699-9</a>, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armentrout2000-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Armentrout2000_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmentrout2000" class="citation book cs1">Armentrout, Don S. (2000). <i>An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church</i>. Church Publishing, Inc. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780898697018" title="Special:BookSources/9780898697018"><bdi>9780898697018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Episcopal+Dictionary+of+the+Church&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780898697018&rft.aulast=Armentrout&rft.aufirst=Don+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Q8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA493"><i>The Methodist New Connexion Magazine and Evangelical Repository, Volume XXXV, Third Series</i></a>. London: William Cooke. 1867. p. 493.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Methodist+New+Connexion+Magazine+and+Evangelical+Repository%2C+Volume+XXXV%2C+Third+Series&rft.place=London&rft.pages=493&rft.pub=William+Cooke&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Q8EAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1751" class="citation web cs1">Clayton, Robert (February 13, 1751). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/anessayonspirit00clagoog">"An essay on spirit"</a>. London, printed: [etc.] – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+essay+on+spirit&rft.pub=London%2C+printed%3A+%5Betc.%5D&rft.date=1751-02-13&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanessayonspirit00clagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Clayton,_Robert_(1695%E2%80%931758)_(DNB00)" class="extiw" title="s:Clayton, Robert (1695–1758) (DNB00)"><i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>: Clayton, Robert</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Walsh, Colin Haydon & Stephen Taylor, eds. (1993) <i>The Church of England c. 1689 – c. 1833: from Toleration to Tractarianism</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-41732-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-41732-5">0-521-41732-5</a>; p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutherKnaake1883" class="citation book cs1">Luther, Martin; Knaake, Joachim Karl Friedrich (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/werkekritischege49luthuoft"><i>Werke. Kritische Gesamtausgabe. [Hrsg. von J.K.F. Knaake et al.]</i></a>. Robarts – University of Toronto. Weimar H. Böhlaus. p. 570. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7400-0036-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7400-0036-3"><bdi>978-3-7400-0036-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Werke.+Kritische+Gesamtausgabe.+%5BHrsg.+von+J.K.F.+Knaake+et+al.%5D&rft.pages=570&rft.pub=Weimar+H.+B%C3%B6hlaus&rft.date=1883&rft.isbn=978-3-7400-0036-3&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Knaake%2C+Joachim+Karl+Friedrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwerkekritischege49luthuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuther2010" class="citation book cs1">Luther, Martin (2010). <i><span></span>'Sermon on the Festival of St. Michael and All Angels, Revelation 12:7–12', in Luther's Works, ed. 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T. & T. Clark. p. 304.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology+of+the+Old+Testament%3A+And+a+Commentary+on+the+Messianic+Predictions&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=T.+%26+T.+Clark&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Hengstenberg&rft.aufirst=Ernst+Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvpg8AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H6Fvjd_Nh8YC"><i>Hexapla in Danielem: that Is, a Six-fold Commentarie Vpon the Most Diuine Prophesie of Daniel, According to the Method Propounded in Hexapla Upon Genesis and Exodus ... By Andrew Willet. [With the Text and an Appendix.]</i></a>. By Cantrell Legge. 1610. p. 466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hexapla+in+Danielem%3A+that+Is%2C+a+Six-fold+Commentarie+Vpon+the+Most+Diuine+Prophesie+of+Daniel%2C+According+to+the+Method+Propounded+in+Hexapla+Upon+Genesis+and+Exodus+...+By+Andrew+Willet.+%5BWith+the+Text+and+an+Appendix.%5D&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=By+Cantrell+Legge&rft.date=1610&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH6Fvjd_Nh8YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitsius1823" class="citation book cs1">Witsius, Herman (1823). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DKQPAAAAIAAJ&q=michael"><i>Sacred Dissertations: On what is Commonly Called the Apostles' Creed, 2 vols</i></a>. A. Fullerton & Company; and Khull, Blackie & Company Glasgow: and sold. pp. 2:439.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Dissertations%3A+On+what+is+Commonly+Called+the+Apostles%27+Creed%2C+2+vols.&rft.pages=2%3A439&rft.pub=A.+Fullerton+%26+Company%3B+and+Khull%2C+Blackie+%26+Company+Glasgow%3A+and+sold&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Witsius&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDKQPAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmichael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span> In note XLVII, Donald Fraser added, “The same opinion was held by Cloppenburgh, Vogelsangius, Pierce, and others, of former times; and of late, it has been strenuously supported by Bishop Horsley.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFODE1755" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ODE, Jacobus (1755). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqYQvLKEXfwC"><i>Jacobi Ode ... Commentarius de Angelis</i></a> (in Latin). apud M. Visch. p. 1058.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacobi+Ode+...+Commentarius+de+Angelis&rft.pages=1058&rft.pub=apud+M.+Visch&rft.date=1755&rft.aulast=ODE&rft.aufirst=Jacobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqYQvLKEXfwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVitringa1741" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vitringa, Campegius (1741). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H4tYAAAAcAAJ"><i>Uitlegging over het boek der profeetsyen van Jezaias, ...: In het werk zyn ingevoegt de kennisnemingen van het oude Moabitische landt, .../ Door den arbeidt en vlyt van Kampegius Vitringa ... ; Uit het Latijn vertaald en met de vereischte bladwijzers voorzien door Boudewyn ter Braak ...</i></a> (in Dutch). by Jan en Hend. van der Deyster, en Abraham Kallewier. p. 562.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uitlegging+over+het+boek+der+profeetsyen+van+Jezaias%2C+...%3A+In+het+werk+zyn+ingevoegt+de+kennisnemingen+van+het+oude+Moabitische+landt%2C+...%2F+Door+den+arbeidt+en+vlyt+van+Kampegius+Vitringa+...+%3B+Uit+het+Latijn+vertaald+en+met+de+vereischte+bladwijzers+voorzien+door+Boudewyn+ter+Braak+...&rft.pages=562&rft.pub=by+Jan+en+Hend.+van+der+Deyster%2C+en+Abraham+Kallewier&rft.date=1741&rft.aulast=Vitringa&rft.aufirst=Campegius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH4tYAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelanchthon1543" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Melanchthon, Philipp (1543). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W0MYA3FztEwC"><i>In Danielem Prophetam commentarius</i></a> (in Latin). Lufft. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Danielem+Prophetam+commentarius&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Lufft&rft.date=1543&rft.aulast=Melanchthon&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW0MYA3FztEwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughton1599" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Broughton, Hugh (1599). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vBW_AeJEfJcC&q=michael"><i>Commentarius in Danielem : primum Anglice scriptus ab Hughone Broughtono, nunc Latinitate donatus per Ioannem Boreel, Mittelburgens</i></a> (in Latin). per Sebastianum Henricpetri. p. 91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentarius+in+Danielem+%3A+primum+Anglice+scriptus+ab+Hughone+Broughtono%2C+nunc+Latinitate+donatus+per+Ioannem+Boreel%2C+Mittelburgens&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=per+Sebastianum+Henricpetri&rft.date=1599&rft.aulast=Broughton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvBW_AeJEfJcC%26q%3Dmichael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1892" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Thomas (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/homileticalcomme27robi"><i>A homiletical commentary on the book of Daniel : with copious notes and indexes</i></a>. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London : R.D. Dickinson. p. 227.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+homiletical+commentary+on+the+book+of+Daniel+%3A+with+copious+notes+and+indexes&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=London+%3A+R.D.+Dickinson&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomileticalcomme27robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHävernick1832" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hävernick, Heinrich Andreas Christoph (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9aQUAAAAQAAJ"><i>Commentar über das Buch Daniel</i></a> (in German). F. Perthes. p. 499.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentar+%C3%BCber+das+Buch+Daniel&rft.pages=499&rft.pub=F.+Perthes&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4vernick&rft.aufirst=Heinrich+Andreas+Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9aQUAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolansdorf1606" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Polansdorf, Amandus Polanus von (1606). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVNYAAAAcAAJ"><i>In Danielem prophetam visionum amplitudine difficillimum, vaticiniorum maiestate augustissimum commentarius</i></a> (in Latin). Waldkirch. p. 1195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Danielem+prophetam+visionum+amplitudine+difficillimum%2C+vaticiniorum+maiestate+augustissimum+commentarius&rft.pages=1195&rft.pub=Waldkirch&rft.date=1606&rft.aulast=Polansdorf&rft.aufirst=Amandus+Polanus+von&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZVNYAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖkolampadius1553" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ökolampadius, Johannes (1553). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJyUPrBVkB4C"><i>In librum Iob exegemata ...</i></a> (in Latin). Crispinus. p. 259.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+librum+Iob+exegemata+...&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Crispinus&rft.date=1553&rft.aulast=%C3%96kolampadius&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJyUPrBVkB4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorsley1829" class="citation book cs1">Horsley, Samuel (1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaYGAAAAQAAJ"><i>Sermons</i></a>. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sermons&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Horsley&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaYGAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinkade1829" class="citation book cs1">Kinkade, William (1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bibledoctrineofg00kink"><i>The Bible doctrine of God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, atonement, faith, and election : to which is prefixed some thoughts on natural theology, and the truth of revelation</i></a>. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. New York : H.R. Piercy, Printer. p. 152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+doctrine+of+God%2C+Jesus+Christ%2C+the+Holy+Spirit%2C+atonement%2C+faith%2C+and+election+%3A+to+which+is+prefixed+some+thoughts+on+natural+theology%2C+and+the+truth+of+revelation&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+H.R.+Piercy%2C+Printer&rft.date=1829&rft.aulast=Kinkade&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibledoctrineofg00kink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvin1852–1853" class="citation book cs1">Calvin, Jean (1852–1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/commentariesonda02calvuoft"><i>Commentaries on the book of the Prophet Daniel;</i></a>. Robarts – University of Toronto. Edinburgh, Calvin Translation Society. pp. 253, <span class="nowrap">369–</span>370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentaries+on+the+book+of+the+Prophet+Daniel%3B&rft.pages=253%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E369-%3C%2Fspan%3E370&rft.pub=Edinburgh%2C+Calvin+Translation+Society&rft.date=1852%2F1853&rft.aulast=Calvin&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommentariesonda02calvuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatts1795" class="citation book cs1">Watts, Isaac (1795). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/gloryofchristasg00watt"><i>The Glory of Christ as God-Man : displayed, in three discourses ... with an appendix containing an abridgement of Dr. Thomas Goodwin's discourse on the glories and royalties of Christ ...</i></a> Princeton Theological Seminary Library. Boston : Printed by Manning and Loring for David West. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+of+Christ+as+God-Man+%3A+displayed%2C+in+three+discourses+...+with+an+appendix+containing+an+abridgement+of+Dr.+Thomas+Goodwin%27s+discourse+on+the+glories+and+royalties+of+Christ+...&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Boston+%3A+Printed+by+Manning+and+Loring+for+David+West&rft.date=1795&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgloryofchristasg00watt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1807" class="citation book cs1">Brown, John (1807). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwPeWnBrq8AC"><i>Brown's Dictionary of the Holy Bible ...: The Whole Comprising a Complete and Most Entertaining Library of Scripture Knowledge</i></a>. M. Angus and Son. p. 179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brown%27s+Dictionary+of+the+Holy+Bible+...%3A+The+Whole+Comprising+a+Complete+and+Most+Entertaining+Library+of+Scripture+Knowledge&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=M.+Angus+and+Son&rft.date=1807&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwPeWnBrq8AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinister.)1825" class="citation book cs1">Minister.), James Wood (Wesleyan (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JrYsNWVxdasC"><i>A Dictionary of the Holy Bible: containing an historical account of the persons; a geographical account of the places ... and an explication of the appellative terms mentioned in the Old and New Testament ... Extracted chiefly from Brown, Calmet,&c. ...</i></a> (10th ed.). Caxton Press. p. 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Holy+Bible%3A+containing+an+historical+account+of+the+persons%3B+a+geographical+account+of+the+places+...+and+an+explication+of+the+appellative+terms+mentioned+in+the+Old+and+New+Testament+...+Extracted+chiefly+from+Brown%2C+Calmet%2C%26c.+...&rft.pages=165&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Caxton+Press&rft.date=1825&rft.aulast=Minister.%29&rft.aufirst=James+Wood+%28Wesleyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJrYsNWVxdasC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon1866" class="citation book cs1">Spurgeon, Charles Haddon (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fec_AAAAcAAJ"><i>Morning by Morning: Daily Readings for the Family Or the Closet</i></a>. Passmore and Alabaster. p. 277.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morning+by+Morning%3A+Daily+Readings+for+the+Family+Or+the+Closet&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Passmore+and+Alabaster&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=Charles+Haddon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFec_AAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurgeon" class="citation book cs1">Spurgeon, Charles Haddon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PBI6DwAAQBAJ"><i>Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 14: 1868</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 414. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77356-132-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77356-132-5"><bdi>978-1-77356-132-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spurgeon%27s+Sermons+Volume+14%3A+1868&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.isbn=978-1-77356-132-5&rft.aulast=Spurgeon&rft.aufirst=Charles+Haddon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPBI6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1746–1748" class="citation book cs1">Gill, John (1746–1748). <i>An Exposition of the New Testament</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Exposition+of+the+New+Testament&rft.date=1746%2F1748&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdanet.org/atissue/books/qod/index.htm">Seventh-day Adventists Answer Questions on Doctrine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513084729/http://www.sdanet.org/atissue/books/qod/index.htm">Archived</a> 2021-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington, D.C., 1957. Chapter 8 "Christ, and Michael the Archangel".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Seventh Day Adventists: What do they believe?</i> by Val Waldeck Pilgrim Publications (April 5, 2005) p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120724141630/http://www.adventistworld.org/article.php?id=787&search=law">"The Remnant"</a>. Adventist World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adventistworld.org/article.php?id=787&search=law">the original</a> on 2012-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 2. Watch Tower Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">393–</span>394<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insight+on+the+Scriptures&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E393-%3C%2Fspan%3E394&rft.pub=Watch+Tower+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwol.jw.org%2Fen%2Fwol%2Fd%2Fr1%2Flp-e%2F1200003035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1102005160"><i>What Does the Bible </i>Really<i> Teach?</i></a>. Watch Tower Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">218–</span>219<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Does+the+Bible+Really+Teach%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E218-%3C%2Fspan%3E219&rft.pub=Watch+Tower+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwol.jw.org%2Fen%2Fwol%2Fd%2Fr1%2Flp-e%2F1102005160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2007206">"Angels – How They Affect Mankind"</a>. <i>The Watchtower</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Watchtower&rft.atitle=Angels+%E2%80%93+How+They+Affect+Mankind&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwol.jw.org%2Fen%2Fwol%2Fd%2Fr1%2Flp-e%2F2007206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Daniel+12:1">Daniel 12:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Revelation+12:7">Revelation 12:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Revelation+19:14">Revelation 19:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Revelation+16:1">Revelation 16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>What Does The Bible </i>Really<i> Teach?</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/quran/verses/002-qmt.php#002.098">the original</a> on 2015-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+for+Muslim-Jewish+Engagement&rft.pub=Usc.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Forg%2Fcmje%2Freligious-texts%2Fquran%2Fverses%2F002-qmt.php%23002.098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John L. Esposito <i>Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i> Oxford University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-195-12559-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-195-12559-7">978-0-195-12559-7</a> p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1964" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, John (1964). "The Creation of Man and Angels in the Eschatological Literature: [Translated Excerpts from an Unpublished Collection of Traditions]". <i>Islamic Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">285–</span>308. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20832755">20832755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+Man+and+Angels+in+the+Eschatological+Literature%3A+%26%2391%3BTranslated+Excerpts+from+an+Unpublished+Collection+of+Traditions%26%2393%3B&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E285-%3C%2Fspan%3E308&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20832755%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quran_4_U-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quran_4_U_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Kathir_(d._1373)" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir (d. 1373)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/003%20Imran.htm">"Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Ale Imran"</a>. <i>Quran 4 U</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quran+4+U&rft.atitle=Tafsir+Ibn+Kathir+%28English%29%3A+Surah+Ale+Imran&rft.au=Ibn+Kathir+%28d.+1373%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quran4u.com%2FTafsir%2520Ibn%2520Kathir%2F003%2520Imran.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Misri;_Sirah_Sahabah:_Zubair_bin_Awwam-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Misri;_Sirah_Sahabah:_Zubair_bin_Awwam_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Misri2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">al-Misri, Mahmud (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS3644.slims-9450"><i>Sahabat-Sahabat Rasulullah vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam</i></a> [<i>Companion of the Prophet vol 1: Zubair bin Awwam</i>] (in Indonesian and Arabic). Pustaka Ibnu Katsir. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kalemtayeb.com/safahat/item/36531">Shaja'ah Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Radhiyallahu anh (bravery of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam</a>; by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_al-Misri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud al-Misri (page does not exist)">Mahmud al-Misri</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:محمود المصري">ar</a>]</span>; official Book review by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS1qvPSxq34">Basalamah</a>; quoting various supplementary sources such as Sahih Bukhari, <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>, Siyar A'lam Nubala, <a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Al-Tirmidhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Prophetic biography</a> of Ibn Hisham, etc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789791294386" title="Special:BookSources/9789791294386"><bdi>9789791294386</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sahabat-Sahabat+Rasulullah+vol+1%3A+Zubair+bin+Awwam&rft.pages=Shaja%27ah+Zubayr+ibn+al-Awwam+Radhiyallahu+anh+%28bravery+of+Zubayr+ibn+al-Awwam%3B+by+Mahmud+al-Misri%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E-%26%2391%3B%3Aar%3A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%7Car%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3B+official+Book+review+by+Basalamah%3B+quoting+various+supplementary+sources+such+as+Sahih+Bukhari%2C+Sahih+Muslim%2C+Siyar+A%27lam+Nubala%2C+Al-Tirmidhi%2C+Prophetic+biography+of+Ibn+Hisham%2C+etc.&rft.pub=Pustaka+Ibnu+Katsir&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789791294386&rft.aulast=al-Misri&rft.aufirst=Mahmud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.id%2FRecord%2FIOS3644.slims-9450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israfil-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israfil_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israfil_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakim2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hakim, Saifuddin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muslim.or.id/24549-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-1.html">"Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (1)"</a>. <i>Muslim.or.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>[ يا آدم بر حجك] " ما يروى عن آدم -عليه السلام- أنه لما حج قالت له الملائكة: «يا آدم بر حجك»: غير ثابت. " [من فوائد جلسة مع طلبة العلم /16/ذو الحجة/1432] __________________ " ... فهل يحسن بنا وقد أنضينا قرائحنا في تعلم هذه السنة المطهرة، وبذلنا في العمل بها جهد المستطيع، وركبنا المخاطر في الدعوة إليها؛ هل يحسن بنا بعد هذا كله أن نسكت لهؤلاء عن هذه الدعوى الباطلة، ونوليهم منا ما تولوا ونبلعهم ريقهم، وهل يحسن بنا أن لا يكون لنا في الدفاع عنها ما كان منا في الدعوة إليها؟ إنا إذن لمقصرون!..."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muslim.or.id&rft.atitle=Apakah+Malaikat+Israfil+Bertugas+Meniup+Sangkakala+pada+Hari+Kiamat%3F+%281%29&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Hakim&rft.aufirst=Saifuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuslim.or.id%2F24549-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Nishapuri" class="citation book cs1">al-Nishapuri, al-Hakim. "Kitabu Ma'rifat Shahabatu Radhiyallahu Anhum: Gabriel, Michael and Israfil descend in the Battle of Badr.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&idfrom=4305&idto=4307&bk_no=74&ID=1899"><i>al Mustadrak ala Sahihayn</i></a>. Islamweb: Islamweb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>4488 – Narrated Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'kub, through Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Saadi, on the authority of Muhammad bin Khalid bin Athmah, on the authority of Musa bin Yaqub, who reported Abu Huwayrith, that Muhammad bin Jabir bin Mut'im, told him</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kitabu+Ma%27rifat+Shahabatu+Radhiyallahu+Anhum%3A+Gabriel%2C+Michael+and+Israfil+descend+in+the+Battle+of+Badr.&rft.btitle=al+Mustadrak+ala+Sahihayn&rft.place=Islamweb&rft.pub=Islamweb&rft.aulast=al-Nishapuri&rft.aufirst=al-Hakim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamweb.net%2Far%2Flibrary%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dbookcontents%26idfrom%3D4305%26idto%3D4307%26bk_no%3D74%26ID%3D1899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al_Mulqin_Mukhtaras-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Al_Mulqin_Mukhtaras_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Hafs_Umar_bin_Ali_bin_Ahmad_bin_Muhammad_bin_Abdullah_Al-Anshari_Al-Wadi_Asyi_Al-Andalusi_At-Tukuruwi_Al-Mishri_Asy-Syafi`i" class="citation web cs1">Abu Hafs Umar bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Anshari Al-Wadi Asyi Al-Andalusi At-Tukuruwi Al-Mishri Asy-Syafi`i, Sirajuddin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://al-maktaba.org/book/33911/1160">"كتاب مختصر تلخيص الذهبي"</a> [kitab mukhtasar talkhis aldhahabii]. <i>Islamweb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamweb&rft.atitle=%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B5+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A&rft.aulast=Abu+Hafs+Umar+bin+Ali+bin+Ahmad+bin+Muhammad+bin+Abdullah+Al-Anshari+Al-Wadi+Asyi+Al-Andalusi+At-Tukuruwi+Al-Mishri+Asy-Syafi%60i&rft.aufirst=Sirajuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fal-maktaba.org%2Fbook%2F33911%2F1160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israfil2-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Israfil2_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHakim2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hakim, Saifuddin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muslim.or.id/24567-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-2.html">"Apakah Malaikat Israfil Bertugas Meniup Sangkakala pada Hari Kiamat? (2)"</a> [Does angel Raphael tasked to blow the trumpet of Armageddon in the day of judgment? (2)]. <i>Muslim.or.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>Tafsir Al-Qurthubi, 7/20 (Maktabah Syamilah); At-Tadzkirah bi Ahwaalil Mauta wa Umuuril Akhirah, 1/488 (Maktabah Syamilah).; Fathul Baari 11/368 (Maktabah Syamilah); see Al-Imaan bimaa Ba'dal Maut, p. 112. ; Syarh Al-Ibanah: Al-Imaan bin Nafkhi Ash-Shuur, 5/33.; Syarh Al-'Aqidah Al-Washithiyyah, 1/59-60 (Maktabah Asy-Syamilah). while in another book: وذلك أن الله سبحانه وتعالى يأمر اسرافيل وهو أحد الملائكة الموكلين بحمل العرش أن ينفخ في الصور (Syarh Al-'Aqidah As-Safariyaniyyah, 1/467).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muslim.or.id&rft.atitle=Apakah+Malaikat+Israfil+Bertugas+Meniup+Sangkakala+pada+Hari+Kiamat%3F+%282%29&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Hakim&rft.aufirst=Saifuddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuslim.or.id%2F24567-apakah-malaikat-israfil-bertugas-meniup-sangkakala-pada-hari-kiamat-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suyuti-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suyuti_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suyuti_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suyuti_118-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suyuti_118-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Suyuti2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (2021). Muhammad as Said Basyuni, Abu Hajir; Yasir, Muhammad (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDxQEAAAQBAJ"><i>Misteri Alam Malaikat</i></a> (Religion / Islam / General) (in Indonesian). Translated by Mishabul Munir. Pustaka al-Kautsar. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>33, 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789795929512" title="Special:BookSources/9789795929512"><bdi>9789795929512</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>. <q>Quoting Ibnul Mubarak from a book of <i>az-Zuhd</i>; ad Durr al-Manshur, chain narration from Ibnul Mubarak to Ibn SHihab (1/92)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misteri+Alam+Malaikat&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E33%2C+172&rft.pub=Pustaka+al-Kautsar&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9789795929512&rft.au=Al-Suyuti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDxQEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collector_of_Hadiths_and_Traces_:_Which_was_brought_out-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collector_of_Hadiths_and_Traces_:_Which_was_brought_out_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vDXAAAAMAAJ"><i>جامع الأحاديث والآثار التي خرجها وحكم عليها فضيلة الشيخ محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، رحمه الله، في جميع كتبه</i></a> [<i>Collector of Hadiths and Traces : Which was brought out and judged by His Eminence Sheikh Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani, may God have mercy on him, in all his books</i>] (Hadith – Texts – Authorities – Criticism, Textual – Hermeneutics) (in Arabic). Maktaba al Islam. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%8C+%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%8C+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Maktaba+al+Islam&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Muhammad+Nasiruddin+al-Albani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vDXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lives_Of_The_Sahaba_39_–_Az-Zubayr_Ibn_Al-Awwam_–_PT_01-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lives_Of_The_Sahaba_39_–_Az-Zubayr_Ibn_Al-Awwam_–_PT_01_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQadhi2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ammaar_Yasir_Qadhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi">Qadhi, Yasir</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muslimcentral.com/yasir-qadhi-lives-sahaba-az-zubayr-ibn-al-awwam/">"Lives Of The Sahaba 39 – Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – PT 01"</a>. <i>Muslim Central</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muslim+Central&rft.atitle=Lives+Of+The+Sahaba+39+%E2%80%93+Az-Zubayr+Ibn+Al-Awwam+%E2%80%93+PT+01&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Qadhi&rft.aufirst=Yasir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuslimcentral.com%2Fyasir-qadhi-lives-sahaba-az-zubayr-ibn-al-awwam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarikh_Dimashq_2-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tarikh_Dimashq_2_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBin_Al-HassanAl-Dimashqi2012">Bin Al-Hassan & Al-Dimashqi (2012</a>, p. 622, Al-Zubayr told us, he said: And Abu Al-Makarram Uqbah bin Makram Al-Dhabi told me, Musab bin Salam Al-Tamimi told me, on the authority of Saad bin Tarif, on the authority of Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Ali, he said: On the day of Badr, Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam had a yellow turban)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAt-Tabrizi" class="citation book cs1">At-Tabrizi, Khatib. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/mishkat:2215"><i>Mishkat al-Masabih 2215 – The Excellent Qualities of the Qur'an – كتاب فضائل القرآن, Hadith 2215</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Periode+Madinah%3B+Aktivitas+Militer+Menjelang+Perang+Uhud+dan+Perang+Ahzab&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Hikam+Pustaka&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9786233114158&rft.au=Safiur+Rahman+Mubarakpuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBWhgEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duas.org/ummedawood.htm">"Aamal e Umme Dawood"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aamal+e+Umme+Dawood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duas.org%2Fummedawood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilayatmission.org/Duas/UmmDawood.pdf">"Dua of Umm Dawood"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. www.wilayatmission.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dua+of+Umm+Dawood&rft.pub=www.wilayatmission.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilayatmission.org%2FDuas%2FUmmDawood.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Birth of the Prophet Muḥammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam</i> – p. 21, Marion Holmes Katz – 2007 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHughes1885348-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHughes1885348_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHughes1885">Hughes 1885</a>, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoegelWheeler2002218-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoegelWheeler2002218_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoegelWheeler2002">Noegel & Wheeler 2002</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapmak20171042_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCapmak2017">Capmak 2017</a>, p. 1042.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Logic of The Revelation of St. John|Stephen Beebe|Baháʼí Publishing Trust|2001|pp. 103–104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel 10:7–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Apocalypse Unsealed</i>|Robert F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rocorwr&rft.atitle=ROCOR+Western+Rite+%28Home%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocor-wr.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drevo-info.ru/articles/7863.html">"МИХАИЛ, АРХАНГЕЛ – Древо"</a>. <i>drevo-info.ru</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drevo-info.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%98%D0%9B%2C+%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%93%D0%95%D0%9B+%E2%80%93+%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrevo-info.ru%2Farticles%2F7863.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgregoryoc.org/calendar/">"Calendar"</a>. <i>St. Gregory the Great Orthodox Church</i>. 2012-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Gregory+the+Great+Orthodox+Church&rft.atitle=Calendar&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgregoryoc.org%2Fcalendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2011" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, David (2011). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Saints</i> (5th Rev. ed.). Great Britain: OUP Oxford. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959660-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959660-7"><bdi>978-0-19-959660-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Saints&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=309&rft.edition=5th+Rev.&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959660-7&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220825213718/https://www.tewahedo.dk/litt/cached/The_Ethiopian_Synaxarium.pdf">"Ethiopian synaxarium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tewahedo.dk/litt/cached/The_Ethiopian_Synaxarium.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopian+synaxarium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tewahedo.dk%2Flitt%2Fcached%2FThe_Ethiopian_Synaxarium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003586-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003586_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBall2003">Ball 2003</a>, p. 586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dacre-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dacre_150-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dacre_150-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe 1325–1520</i> by D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-795-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-795-5">0-85115-795-5</a> pp. 427–428</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noted by <a href="/wiki/Johan_Huizinga" title="Johan Huizinga">Johan Huizinga</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Autumn_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="The Autumn of the Middle Ages">The Waning of the Middle Ages</a></i> (1919, 1924:56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Angels in the early modern world</i> By Alexandra Walsham, Cambridge University Press, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-84332-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-84332-4">0-521-84332-4</a> p. 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Patron Saints</i> by Michael Freze 1992 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-464-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-464-7">0-87973-464-7</a> p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDronda2013" class="citation book cs1">Dronda, Javier (2013). <i>Con Cristo o contra Cristo: Religión y movilización antirrepublicana en Navarra (1931–1936)</i>. Tafalla: Txalaparta. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-15313-31-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-15313-31-1"><bdi>978-84-15313-31-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Con+Cristo+o+contra+Cristo%3A+Religi%C3%B3n+y+movilizaci%C3%B3n+antirrepublicana+en+Navarra+%281931%E2%80%931936%29&rft.place=Tafalla&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.pub=Txalaparta&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-15313-31-1&rft.aulast=Dronda&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Netherlandish sculpture 1450–1550</i> by Paul Williamson 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8109-6602-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8109-6602-6">0-8109-6602-6</a> p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fairbairn-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fairbairn_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eastern Orthodoxy through Western eyes</i> by Donald Fairbairn 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22497-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22497-0">0-664-22497-0</a> p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018223118/http://www.loreburne.co.uk/history_of_dumfries.html">"History of Dumfries"</a>. loreburne.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loreburne.co.uk/history_of_dumfries.html">the original</a> on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Dumfries&rft.pub=loreburne.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loreburne.co.uk%2Fhistory_of_dumfries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>All Saints Sisters of the Poor: An Anglican Sisterhood in the Nineteenth Century (Church of England Record Society)</i> by Susan Mumm 200 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-728-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-728-9">0-85115-728-9</a> p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229062948/http://www.orderofstmichaelanglican.com/">"甘肃快3_官方彩购买"</a>. <i>www.orderofstmichaelanglican.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofstmichaelanglican.com/">the original</a> on 2019-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.orderofstmichaelanglican.com&rft.atitle=%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E5%BF%AB3_%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%BD%A9%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofstmichaelanglican.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jber.jb.mil/News/Commentaries/Display/Article/772200/chaplains-corner-saint-michael-patron-saint-of-the-airborne-military/">Chaplain's Corner: Saint Michael, patron saint of the airborne, military</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121161625/https://www.jber.jb.mil/News/Commentaries/Display/Article/772200/chaplains-corner-saint-michael-patron-saint-of-the-airborne-military/">Archived</a> 2021-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Alaska.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foreignlegion.info/history/2rep/">"History: 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment | French Foreign Legion Information"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+2nd+Foreign+Parachute+Regiment+%26%23124%3B+French+Foreign+Legion+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforeignlegion.info%2Fhistory%2F2rep%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mup.gov.hr/vijesti/svecano-obiljezen-dan-policije-i-blagdan-svetog-mihovila/288935">Svečano obilježen Dan policije i blagdan svetog Mihovila</a> <i>mup.gov.hr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Croatia)">Ministry of Interior</a>. Published 29 September 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Am%C3%A9lineau" title="Émile Amélineau">Amélineau</a>, "Contes et Romans de l'Egypte Chrétienne", ii. 142 et seq</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Midrash Genesis Rabbah xliv. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Midrash Esther Rabbah iii. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Targum to Esther, vi. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">comp. Josephus, "Ant." xiii. 10, § 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginzberg_michael-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ginzberg_michael_168-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ginzberg, Louis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol1/two.htm#2">The Legends of the Jews, Vol. I: The Angels and The Creation of Man</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201063745/https://philologos.org/__eb-lotj/vol1/two.htm#2">Archived</a> 2017-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (Translated by Henrietta Szold), Johns Hopkins University Press: 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9">0-8018-5890-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Makarios of Simonos Petra, <i>The Synaxarion: the Lives of the Saints of the Orthodox Church</i>, trans. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hookway" title="Christopher Hookway">Christopher Hookway</a> (Holy Convent of the Annunciation of Our Lady 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-85603-7-3" title="Special:BookSources/960-85603-7-3">960-85603-7-3</a>), p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Synaxarion, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Synaxarion, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peers-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peers_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeers2001" class="citation book cs1">Peers, Glenn (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kaonEi_dCJIC&q=Chonae+michael+miracle+university+california&pg=PA143"><i>Subtle bodies: representing angels in Byzantium</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-22405-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-22405-1"><bdi>0-520-22405-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subtle+bodies%3A+representing+angels+in+Byzantium&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-520-22405-1&rft.aulast=Peers&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkaonEi_dCJIC%26q%3DChonae%2Bmichael%2Bmiracle%2Buniversity%2Bcalifornia%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cornwall-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cornwall_173-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cornwall_173-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend</i> by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7">1-84383-128-7</a> p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Popular Romances of the West of England</i> by Robert Hunt 2009 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-559-12999-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-559-12999-8">0-559-12999-8</a> p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Myths and Legends of Britain and Ireland</i> by Richard Jones 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84537-594-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84537-594-7">1-84537-594-7</a> p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Medieval state: essays presented to James Campbell</i> by John Robert Maddicott, David Michael Palliser, James Campbell 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85285-195-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85285-195-3">1-85285-195-3</a> pp. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MonkM-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MonkM_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mont-Saint-Michel: a monk talks about his abbey</i> by Jean-Pierre Mouton, Olivier Mignon 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7082-3351-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-7082-3351-3">2-7082-3351-3</a> pp. 55–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathMont-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CathMont_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10551a.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia : Mont-St-Michel"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia+%3A+Mont-St-Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F10551a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pilgrim-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pilgrim_179-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pilgrim_179-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia, Volume 1</i> by Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-004-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-004-2">1-57607-004-2</a> p. 398</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/devotionals/prayers/chaplet-of-st-michael.htm">The Chaplet of Saint Michael the Archangel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029165706/http://www.ewtn.com/Devotionals/prayers/chaplet-of-st-michael.htm">Archived</a> 2010-10-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Freze, 1993, <i>Voices, Visions, and Apparitions</i>, OSV Publishing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-454-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-454-X">0-87973-454-X</a> p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i> 1674 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/index.shtml">Book VI line 320</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100219155635/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/index.shtml">Archived</a> 2010-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongfellow1851" class="citation book cs1">Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10490/10490-h/10490-h.htm"><i>The Golden Legend</i></a>. Boston: Ticknor, Reed and Fields.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Legend&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Ticknor%2C+Reed+and+Fields&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Longfellow&rft.aufirst=Henry+Wadsworth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F10490%2F10490-h%2F10490-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exhibits.stanford.edu/operadata/catalog/183-63017"><i>Praelium Michaelis archangeli factum in coelo cum dracone</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rich141-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rich141_185-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rich141_185-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saint Michael the Archangel in medieval English legend</i> by Richard Freeman Johnson 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-128-7">1-84383-128-7</a> pp. 141–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Icons and saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church</i> by Alfredo Tradigo 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-845-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-845-4">0-89236-845-4</a> p. 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBall2003520-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBall2003520_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBall2003">Ball 2003</a>, p. 520.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Constantine and the Christian empire" by Charles Matson Odahl 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-17485-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-17485-6">0-415-17485-6</a> p. 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526031746/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Museums/Sistine_Chapel--p--5.htm">"Vatican website: Sistine Chapel"</a>. Vaticanstate.va. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/Monuments/The_Vatican_Museums/Sistine_Chapel--p--5.htm">the original</a> on 2010-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vatican+website%3A+Sistine+Chapel&rft.pub=Vaticanstate.va&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vaticanstate.va%2FEN%2FMonuments%2FThe_Vatican_Museums%2FSistine_Chapel--p--5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saints in art</i> by Rosa Giorgi, Stefano Zuffi 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89236-717-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89236-717-2">0-89236-717-2</a> pp. 274–276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cormack, Margaret. “The Veneration of St Michael in Medieval Iceland.” Chapter. In Saints and Their Legacies in Medieval Iceland, edited by Kirsten Wolf and Dario Bullitta, 249–76. Studies in Old Norse Literature. Boydell & Brewer, 2021, at 254-258.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsale2020" class="citation book cs1">Asale, Bruk Ayele (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fQLtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55"><i>1 Enoch as Christian Scripture</i></a>. Pickwick. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781532691157" title="Special:BookSources/9781532691157"><bdi>9781532691157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1+Enoch+as+Christian+Scripture&rft.pub=Pickwick&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781532691157&rft.aulast=Asale&rft.aufirst=Bruk+Ayele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfQLtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2003" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Ann (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices</i>. Our Sunday Visitor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-910-X"><bdi>0-87973-910-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Catholic+Devotions+and+Practices&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-87973-910-X&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2006" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Margaret (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nwjUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123">"The Angel Raphael in the Book of Tobit"</a>. In Bredin, Mark (ed.). <i>Studies in the Book of Tobit</i>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567082299" title="Special:BookSources/9780567082299"><bdi>9780567082299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Angel+Raphael+in+the+Book+of+Tobit&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Book+of+Tobit&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780567082299&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnwjUAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1993" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, William H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2KGVuym5OUC&pg=PA54">"Archangels"</a>. In Coogan, Michael David; Metzger, Bruce M. (eds.). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199743919" title="Special:BookSources/9780199743919"><bdi>9780199743919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archangels&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780199743919&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2KGVuym5OUC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBin_Al-HassanAl-Dimashqi2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bin Al-Hassan, Abi Al-Qasim Ali; <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Al-Dimashqi, Ibn Asaker</a> (2012). <bdi lang="ar">تاريخ مدينة دمشق 1-37 ج10</bdi> [<i>History of the city of Damascus</i>] (in Arabic). Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82+1-37+%D8%AC10&rft.pub=Dar+Al+Kotob+Al+Ilmiyah+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bin+Al-Hassan&rft.aufirst=Abi+Al-Qasim+Ali&rft.au=Al-Dimashqi%2C+Ibn+Asaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromiley1971" class="citation book cs1">Bromiley, Geoffrey William · (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CGyOpNrzHj0C">"Satan"</a>. <i>Theological Dictionary of the New Testament</i>. Vol. 7. Alban Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802822499" title="Special:BookSources/9780802822499"><bdi>9780802822499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Satan&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Alban+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780802822499&rft.aulast=Bromiley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+William+%C2%B7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCGyOpNrzHj0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1821" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Alban (1821). <i>The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints</i>. in twelve volumes. B. Dornin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Fathers%2C+Martyrs%2C+and+other+Principal+Saints&rft.series=in+twelve+volumes&rft.pub=B.+Dornin&rft.date=1821&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapmak2017" class="citation book cs1">Capmak, Cenap (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JSHFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1042">"Michael"</a>. In Capmak, Cenap (ed.). <i>Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692175" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692175"><bdi>9781610692175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+A+Worldwide+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781610692175&rft.aulast=Capmak&rft.aufirst=Cenap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJSHFDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1984" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9r_Zs7T1nCMC&q=Daniel:+with+an+introduction+to+apocalyptic+literature"><i>Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802800206" title="Special:BookSources/9780802800206"><bdi>9780802800206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel%3A+With+an+Introduction+to+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780802800206&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9r_Zs7T1nCMC%26q%3DDaniel%3A%2Bwith%2Ban%2Bintroduction%2Bto%2Bapocalyptic%2Bliterature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1999" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J.. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA339">"Gabriel"</a>. In Van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; Van der Horst, Pieter Willem (eds.). <i>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802824912" title="Special:BookSources/9780802824912"><bdi>9780802824912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gabriel&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Deities+and+Demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780802824912&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J..&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyCkRz5pfxz0C%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahlbusch1999" class="citation book cs1">Fahlbusch, Erwin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaecVMhMWaEC&pg=PA99">"Incarnation"</a>. In Bromiley, Geoffrey William (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>. Vol. 2. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004116955" title="Special:BookSources/9789004116955"><bdi>9789004116955</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Incarnation&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789004116955&rft.aulast=Fahlbusch&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaecVMhMWaEC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2008" class="citation book cs1">Green, Gene (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_quXRpxOxEEC"><i>Jude and 2 Peter</i></a>. Baker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801026720" title="Special:BookSources/9780801026720"><bdi>9780801026720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jude+and+2+Peter&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780801026720&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_quXRpxOxEEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannah2011" class="citation book cs1">Hannah, Darrell D. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whIeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15"><i>Michael and Christ: Michael Tradition and Angel Christology</i></a>. Wipf and Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610971539" title="Special:BookSources/9781610971539"><bdi>9781610971539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michael+and+Christ%3A+Michael+Tradition+and+Angel+Christology&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781610971539&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwhIeEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2008" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Andrew E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bCPBrAfBSdgC&pg=PA170">"Daniel-Malachi"</a>. In Longman, Tremper; Garland, David E. (eds.). <i>The Expositor's Bible Commentary</i>. Vol. 8. <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310268932" title="Special:BookSources/9780310268932"><bdi>9780310268932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel-Malachi&rft.btitle=The+Expositor%27s+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780310268932&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbCPBrAfBSdgC%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1885" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Thomas Patrick (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&dq=Archangel+Michael+Islam&pg=PA348"><i>A Dictionary of Islam</i></a>. W.H. Allen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120606722" title="Special:BookSources/9788120606722"><bdi>9788120606722</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.pub=W.H.+Allen&rft.date=1885&rft.isbn=9788120606722&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO84eYLVHvB0C%26dq%3DArchangel%2BMichael%2BIslam%26pg%3DPA348&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoegelWheeler2002" class="citation book cs1">Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W-QBAwAAQBAJ"><i>Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810866102" title="Special:BookSources/9780810866102"><bdi>9780810866102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Prophets+in+Islam+and+Judaism&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780810866102&rft.aulast=Noegel&rft.aufirst=Scott+B.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Brannon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW-QBAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2007" class="citation book cs1">Starr, Mirabai (2007). <i>Saint Michael: The Archangel</i>. Sounds True. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59179-627-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59179-627-5"><bdi>978-1-59179-627-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Michael%3A+The+Archangel&rft.pub=Sounds+True&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59179-627-5&rft.aulast=Starr&rft.aufirst=Mirabai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsler2017" class="citation book cs1">Esler, Philip Francis (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIU_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3"><i>God's Court and Courtiers in the Book of the Watchers</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781625649089" title="Special:BookSources/9781625649089"><bdi>9781625649089</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Court+and+Courtiers+in+the+Book+of+the+Watchers&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781625649089&rft.aulast=Esler&rft.aufirst=Philip+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIU_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2003" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester (2003). "Tobit". In Dunn, James D. G. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC"><i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tobit&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+%28archangel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_(archangel)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template talk:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in<br />Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Presence" title="Angel of the Presence">Angel of the Presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arariel" title="Arariel">Arariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobiel" title="Dobiel">Dobiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisheth" title="Eisheth">Eisheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadraniel" title="Hadraniel">Hadraniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haniel" title="Haniel">Haniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Lailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastema" title="Mastema">Mastema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuriel" title="Nuriel">Nuriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziel" title="Raziel">Raziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaphkiel" title="Zaphkiel">Tzaphqiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoel" title="Yahoel">Yahoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">Chayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashmal" title="Hashmal">Hashmallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishim_(angel)" title="Ishim (angel)">Ishim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiel" title="Ramiel">Ramiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaphiel" title="Selaphiel">Selaphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barachiel" title="Barachiel">Barachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegudiel" title="Jegudiel">Jegudiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Guardian Angel of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_(angel)" title="Phanuel (angel)">Phanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(angel)" title="Aker (angel)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabuthelon" title="Gabuthelon">Gabuthelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arphugitonos" title="Arphugitonos">Arphugitonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beburos" title="Beburos">Beburos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebuleon" title="Zebuleon">Zebuleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(angel)" title="Daniel (angel)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerubiel" title="Kerubiel">Kerubiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokabiel" title="Kokabiel">Kokabiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Leliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_(angel)" title="Muriel (angel)">Muriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahaliah" title="Pahaliah">Pahaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphiel" title="Seraphiel">Seraphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazaqiel" title="Chazaqiel">Chazaqiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(angel)" title="Dominion (angel)">Dominions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Lordships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Powers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Principalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in <br />Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mikha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Jibra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael">Azra'il</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">ar-Rūḥ</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">ʿAzāzīl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiya%27il" title="Artiya'il">Artiya'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darda%27il" title="Darda'il">Darda'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalqa%27il" title="Kalqa'il">Kalqa'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futrus" title="Futrus">Futrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_(angel)" title="Habib (angel)">Ḥabīb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Riḍwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Mu'qarrabun</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Hafaza</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Recording angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81zi%27%C4%81t_and_N%C4%81shi%E1%B9%AD%C4%81t" title="Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt">Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras (angels) in <br />Mandaeism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Niṭufta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupna">Gupna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">Heavenly host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_Ars_Paulina" title="List of angels in Ars Paulina">List of angels in Ars Paulina</a></li> <li>Ambiguous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">Chalkydri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioud" title="Elioud">Elioud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">Teraphim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_fiction" title="List of angels in fiction">List of angels in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1045" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans10" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Islam">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_in_Islam" title="Pharaoh in Islam">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Daniel172" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Daniel" title="Template talk:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Daniel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Daniel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Daniel172" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_1" title="Daniel 1">Daniel 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_2" title="Daniel 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_4" title="Daniel 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_7" title="Daniel 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel 12">12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" title="Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna and the Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar" title="Belshazzar">Belshazzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Mede" title="Darius the Mede">Darius the Mede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmoni" title="Palmoni">Palmoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Angels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_of_Days" title="Ancient of Days">Ancient of Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belshazzar%27s_feast" title="Belshazzar's feast">Belshazzar's feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel" title="Four kingdoms of Daniel">Four kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Lion's den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man" title="Son of man">Son of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_spirit" title="Territorial spirit">Territorial spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher (angel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian interpretations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Daniel" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Daniel">Historicist interpretations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_967" title="Papyrus 967">Papyrus 967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_62" title="Papyrus 62">Papyrus 62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Chisianus_45" title="Codex Chisianus 45">Codex Chisianus 45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:דניאל ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Δανιήλ">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Daniel">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Daniel">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Daniel">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Daniel">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Daniel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Daniel">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Book_of_Revelation251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Book_of_Revelation" title="Template talk:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Book_of_Revelation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Book of Revelation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Book_of_Revelation251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_1" title="Revelation 1">Revelation 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_2" title="Revelation 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_3" title="Revelation 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_4" title="Revelation 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_5" title="Revelation 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_6" title="Revelation 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_7" title="Revelation 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_8" title="Revelation 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_9" title="Revelation 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_10" title="Revelation 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_11" title="Revelation 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_14" title="Revelation 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_15" title="Revelation 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_16" title="Revelation 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_17" title="Revelation 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_18" title="Revelation 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_19" title="Revelation 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_20" title="Revelation 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_21" title="Revelation 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revelation_22" title="Revelation 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laodicea_on_the_Lycus" title="Laodicea on the Lycus">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patmos" title="Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala%C5%9Fehir" title="Alaşehir">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Sodom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyatira" title="Thyatira">Thyatira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asher" title="Asher">Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Gad (son of Jacob)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issachar" title="Issachar">Issachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah (biblical person)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi" title="Levi">Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(tribal_patriarch)" title="Manasseh (tribal patriarch)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtali" title="Naphtali">Naphtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_(biblical_person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuben (biblical person)">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Hebrew_Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon (Hebrew Bible)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebulun" title="Zebulun">Zebulun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a>/<br />Terms/ Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon/Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_Omega" title="Alpha and Omega">Alpha and Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Life" title="Book of Life">Book of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramorph" title="Tetramorph">Four Living Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake of Fire">Lake of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_churches_of_Asia" title="Seven churches of Asia">Seven churches of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_trumpets" title="Seven trumpets">Seven trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_(Bible)" title="Wormwood (Bible)">Wormwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Historicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foxe%27s_apocalyptic_thought" title="John Foxe's apocalyptic thought">by John Foxe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">John of Patmos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Textual variants in the Book of Revelation">Textual variants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_18" title="Papyrus 18">Papyrus 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_24" title="Papyrus 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_43" title="Papyrus 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_47" title="Papyrus 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_85" title="Papyrus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_98" title="Papyrus 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Aramaic_New_Testament_manuscript" title="Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript">Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Αποκάλυψις Ιωάννου">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Apocalypsis">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Apocalips" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Apocalips">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Revelation">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Revelation" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Revelation">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Private_revelation_in_the_Catholic_Church363" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_revelation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:Private revelation in the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_revelation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:Private revelation in the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_revelation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private revelation in the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Private_revelation_in_the_Catholic_Church363" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Private_revelation" title="Private revelation">Private revelation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_revelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of revelation">Revelations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Christian mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locution_(paranormal)" title="Locution (paranormal)">Locution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interior_locution" title="Interior locution">interior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_ecstasy" title="Religious ecstasy">Religious ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_(spirituality)" title="Vision (spirituality)">Vision (spirituality)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Visions of Jesus and Mary">Visions of Jesus and Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stained glass at Tuam Cathedral, depicting Marguerite Marie Alacoque when she receives a revelation of the Sacred Heart"><img alt="Stained glass at Tuam Cathedral, depicting Marguerite Marie Alacoque when she receives a revelation of the Sacred Heart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg/100px-Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg/150px-Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg/200px-Tuam_Cathedral_of_the_Assumption_Sacred_Heart_Detail_2009_09_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Miracle#Catholic_Church" title="Miracle">Miracles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Miraculous_events37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Miraculous events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle" title="Eucharistic miracle">Eucharistic miracle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_miracle_of_Lanciano" title="Eucharistic miracle of Lanciano">Miracle of Lanciano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lourdes_water" title="Lourdes water">Lourdes water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_the_Sun" title="Miracle of the Sun">Miracle of the Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odour_of_sanctity" title="Odour of sanctity">Odour of sanctity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabor Light">Tabor Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumaturgy" title="Thaumaturgy">Thaumaturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeping_statue" title="Weeping statue">Weeping statue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Extraordinary graces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_gift" title="Spiritual gift">Charism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gift_of_miracles" title="Gift of miracles">Gift of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifts_of_healing" title="Gifts of healing">Gifts of healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaking_in_tongues" title="Speaking in tongues">Glossolalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_of_tongues" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretation of tongues">Interpretation of tongues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_of_Knowledge" title="Word of Knowledge">Word of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_of_wisdom" title="Word of wisdom">Word of wisdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)#Christianity" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">Stigmata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discernment_(Christianity)" title="Discernment (Christianity)">Discernment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decree_(Catholic_canon_law)" title="Decree (Catholic canon law)">Documents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Code of canon law</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haurietis_aquas" title="Haurietis aquas">Haurietis aquas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Norms_regarding_the_manner_of_proceeding_in_the_discernment_of_presumed_apparitions_or_revelations" title="Norms regarding the manner of proceeding in the discernment of presumed apparitions or revelations">Norms regarding the manner of proceeding in the discernment of presumed apparitions or revelations</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribus_circiter" title="Tribus circiter">Tribus circiter</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magisterium" title="Magisterium">Magisterium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Faith" title="Rule of Faith">Rule of Faith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sensus_fidelium" title="Sensus fidelium">Sensus fidei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_of_Christ" title="Bride of Christ">Bridal theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_reparation" title="Acts of reparation">Acts of reparation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Thursdays_Devotion" title="First Thursdays Devotion">First Thursdays Devotion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Immaculate Heart of Mary">Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Saturdays_Devotion" title="First Saturdays Devotion">First Saturdays Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraculous_Medal" title="Miraculous Medal">Miraculous Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Seven Dolors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Holy_Wounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosary of the Holy Wounds">Rosary of the Holy Wounds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart" title="Sacred Heart">Sacred Heart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Fridays_Devotion" title="First Fridays Devotion">First Fridays Devotion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_(Catholic_devotion)" title="Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)">Divine Mercy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_the_Divine_Mercy" title="Chaplet of the Divine Mercy">Chaplet of the Divine Mercy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_adoration" title="Eucharistic adoration">Eucharistic adoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Hour" title="Holy Hour">Holy Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Tears" title="Our Lady of Tears">Our Lady of Tears</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Michael</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church"> in the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplet_of_Saint_Michael" title="Chaplet of Saint Michael">Chaplet of Saint Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_to_Saint_Michael" title="Prayer to Saint Michael">Prayer to Saint Michael</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotional_scapular" class="mw-redirect" title="Devotional scapular">Scapular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian shrines">Shrines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_church_buildings" title="Catholic Marian church buildings">Marian shrines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe">Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral-Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" title="Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar">Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Miraculous_Medal" title="Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal">Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock_Shrine" title="Knock Shrine">Knock Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Sanctuary of Fátima">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Champion" title="National Shrine of Our Lady of Champion">Shrine of Our Lady of Champion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Graces_of_Onuva" title="Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Hens" title="Shrine of Our Lady of the Hens">Shrine of Our Lady of the Hens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Virgin_of_the_Rosary_of_Pompei" title="Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei">Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_of_San_Nicol%C3%A1s" title="Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás">Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Paray-le-Monial" title="Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial">Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Mercy_Sanctuary,_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Divine Mercy Sanctuary, Kraków">Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_the_King_(Almada)" title="Christ the King (Almada)">Sanctuary of Christ the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Sacred_Heart_of_Jesus_(Ermesinde)" title="Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Ermesinde)">Shrine of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_in_the_Coptic_Church668" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coptic_saints" title="Template talk:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coptic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_in_the_Coptic_Church668" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_saints" title="List of Coptic saints">Saints in the Coptic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coptic cross"><img alt="Coptic cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/100px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/150px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/200px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, Our Lady of</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Assiut" title="Our Lady of Assiut">Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Warraq" title="Our Lady of Warraq">Warraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Zeitoun" title="Our Lady of Zeitoun">Zeitoun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Suriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zedekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananiel" title="Ananiel">Ananiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe the Deaconess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tarn%C5%ABt" title="Abāmūn of Tarnūt">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C4%81m%C5%ABn_of_Tukh" title="Abāmūn of Tukh">Abāmūn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abanoub" title="Abanoub">Abanoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaskhiron_the_Soldier" title="Abaskhiron the Soldier">Abaskhiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Alexandria_bombing" title="2011 Alexandria bombing">Alexandrian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Arianus" title="Saint Arianus">Arianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Apollonia" title="Saint Apollonia">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barbara" title="Saint Barbara">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilides_and_Potamiana" title="Basilides and Potamiana">Basilides and Potamiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_and_Daria" title="Chrysanthus and Daria">Chrysanthus and Daria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiaffredo" title="Chiaffredo">Chiaffredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Colluthus" title="Saint Colluthus">Colluthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_and_Damian" title="Cosmas and Damian">Cosmas and Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian_and_Justina" title="Cyprian and Justina">Cyprian and Justina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_and_John" title="Cyrus and John">Cyrus and John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasya" title="Dasya">Dasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiana" title="Demiana">Demiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_of_Alexandria" title="Dorothea of Alexandria">Dorothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_and_Companions" title="Elias and Companions">Elias and Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimachus_of_Pelusium" title="Epimachus of Pelusium">Epimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustus,_Abibus_and_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius of Alexandria">Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_and_Regula" title="Felix and Regula">Felix and Regula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Abdel_El-Metgaly" title="Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly">Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gallicanus" title="Saint Gallicanus">Gallicanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anba_George" title="Anba George">George Bishop of Assiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_El_Mozahem" title="George El Mozahem">George El Mozahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereon" title="Gereon">Gereon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor,_Besoy,_and_Daydara" title="Hor, Besoy, and Daydara">Hor, Besoy, and Daydara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Imbaba_church_attacks" title="2011 Imbaba church attacks">Imbaba Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Dafra" title="Isaac of Dafra">Isaac of Dafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Senhout" title="John of Senhout">John of Senhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosheh_massacres" title="Kosheh massacres">Kosheh Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Malati" title="Master Malati">Malati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_the_Virgin" title="Margaret the Virgin">Marina the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspero_demonstrations" title="Maspero demonstrations">Maspero Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Maurice" title="Saint Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Memnon" title="Saint Memnon">Memnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Menas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Menas">Menas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohrael" title="Mohrael">Mohrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Moura" title="Saint Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Hammadi_massacre" title="Nag Hammadi massacre">Nag Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otimus" title="Otimus">Otimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Philotheos" title="Saint Philotheos">Philotheos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rais" title="Saint Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_the_Martyr" title="Sarah the Martyr">Sarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhom_Bishay" title="Sidhom Bishay">Sidhom Bishay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theban_Legion" title="Theban Legion">Theban Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thecla" title="Thecla">Thecla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Theoclia" title="Saint Theoclia">Theoclia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_and_Didymus" title="Theodora and Didymus">Theodora and Didymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Stratelates" title="Theodore Stratelates">Theodore Stratelates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Varus" title="Saint Varus">Varus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronia_of_Syria" title="Febronia of Syria">Veronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadamoun" title="Wadamoun">Wadamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanas" title="Wanas">Wanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anianus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anianus of Alexandria">Anianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Avilius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Avilius of Alexandria">Avilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Kedron_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Kedron of Alexandria">Kedron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Justus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Justus of Alexandria">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eumenes_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Eumenes of Alexandria">Eumenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Markianos_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Markianos of Alexandria">Markianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celadion_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Celadion of Alexandria">Celadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agrippinus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agrippinus of Alexandria">Agrippinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julian_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Julian of Alexandria">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Demetrius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Demetrius I of Alexandria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Heraclas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Heraclas of Alexandria">Heraclas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theonas_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theonas of Alexandria">Theonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter I of Alexandria">Peter I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter II of Alexandria">Peter II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_I_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy I of Alexandria">Timothy I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Theophilus I of Alexandria">Theophilus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria">Dioscorus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Timothy_II_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Timothy II of Alexandria">Timothy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_III_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Peter III of Alexandria">Peter III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dioscorus_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dioscorus II of Alexandria">Dioscorus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Timothy IV of Alexandria">Timothy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodosius_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Peter_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Peter IV of Alexandria">Peter IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damian_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Damian of Alexandria">Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anastasius of Alexandria">Anastasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Andronicus_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Andronicus of Alexandria">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benjamin_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria">Benjamin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Agatho of Alexandria">Agathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon I of Alexandria">Simeon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander II of Alexandria">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Theodoros_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Theodoros I of Alexandria">Theodore I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael I of Alexandria">Michael I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_IV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John IV of Alexandria">John IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Mark II of Alexandria">Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Jacob_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Jacob of Alexandria">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simeon_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Simeon II of Alexandria">Simeon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Joseph_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Joseph I of Alexandria">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael II of Alexandria">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas II of Alexandria">Cosmas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Michael_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Michael III of Alexandria">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel I of Alexandria">Gabriel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cosmas_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cosmas III of Alexandria">Cosmas III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Abraham_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Abraham of Alexandria">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zacharias_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Zacharias of Alexandria">Zacharias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril II of Alexandria">Cyril II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_II_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius II of Alexandria">Macarius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Matthew_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Matthew I of Alexandria">Matthew I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gabriel_VII_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Gabriel VII of Alexandria">Gabriel VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIV_of_Alexandria" title="Pope John XIV of Alexandria">John XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_V_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril V of Alexandria">Cyril V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Macarius_III_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Macarius III of Alexandria">Macarius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cyril_VI_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria">Cyril VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadiu_of_Antinoe" title="Abadiu of Antinoe">Abadiu of Antinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraam,_Bishop_of_Faiyum" title="Abraam, Bishop of Faiyum">Abraam of Faiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Thaumaturgus" title="Gregory Thaumaturgus">Gregory of Neocaesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Nisibis" title="Jacob of Nisibis">Jacob of Nisibis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Niki%C3%BB" title="John of Nikiû">John of Nikiû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Bishop_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="John II, Bishop of Jerusalem"> John of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Karas" title="Bishop Karas">Karas of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Mikhail_of_Asyut" title="Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut">Mikhaeil of Asyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_of_Jerusalem" title="Narcissus of Jerusalem">Narcissus of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Nicholas of Myra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Bishop" title="Paphnutius the Bishop">Paphnutius of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Porphyrius" title="Saint Porphyrius">Porphyrius of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psote" title="Psote">Psote of Ebsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramentary_of_Serapion_of_Thmuis" title="Sacramentary of Serapion of Thmuis">Serapion of Thmuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severian_of_Gabala" title="Severian of Gabala">Severian of Gabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousab_El_Abah" title="Yousab El Abah">Yousab el-Abah of Girga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Messih_El-Makari" title="Abdel Messih El-Makari">Abdel Messih El-Makari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abib_and_Apollo" title="Abib and Apollo">Abib and Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Farshut" title="Abraham of Farshut">Abraham of Farshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_of_Scetis" title="Abraham of Scetis">Abraham of Scetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Amun" title="Saint Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_the_Great" title="Anthony the Great">Anthony the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Awgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Awgin">Awgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashnouna" title="Bashnouna">Bashnouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilarion" title="Hilarion">Hilarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsiesius" title="Horsiesius">Horsiesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitius" title="Hospitius">Hospitius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Irini" title="Mother Irini">Mother Irini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_of_Nineveh" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac of Nineveh">Isaac of Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Pelusium" title="Isidore of Pelusium">Isidore of Pelusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Dwarf" title="John the Dwarf">John the Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Alexandria" title="Macarius of Alexandria">Macarius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarius_of_Egypt" title="Macarius of Egypt">Macarius of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_the_Monk" title="Marina the Monk">Marina the Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Black" title="Moses the Black">Moses the Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_of_Sinai" title="Nilus of Sinai">Nilus of Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachomius_the_Great" title="Pachomius the Great">Pachomius the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambo" title="Pambo">Pambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsoma" title="Parsoma">Parsoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patapios_of_Thebes" class="mw-redirect" title="Patapios of Thebes">Patapios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tammah" title="Paul of Tammah">Paul of Tammah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Simple" title="Paul the Simple">Paul the Simple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronius_of_Egypt" title="Petronius of Egypt">Petronius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pishoy" title="Pishoy">Pishoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poemen" title="Poemen">Poemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_the_Confessor" title="Samuel the Confessor">Samuel the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisoes_the_Great" title="Sisoes the Great">Sisoes the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Haymanot" title="Tekle Haymanot">Tekle Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_of_Tabennese" title="Theodorus of Tabennese">Theodorus of Tabennese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_of_Alexandria" title="Theodora of Alexandria">Theodora of Alexandria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anchorite" title="Anchorite">Anchorites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Karas" title="Saint Karas">Karas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Egypt" title="Mary of Egypt">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misael_the_Anchorite" title="Misael the Anchorite">Misael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onuphrius" title="Onuphrius">Onuphrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_the_Ascetic" title="Paphnutius the Ascetic">Paphnutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Thebes" title="Paul of Thebes">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pijimi" title="Pijimi">Pijimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenoute" title="Shenoute">Shenouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Hermit" title="Thomas the Hermit">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimas_of_Palestine" title="Zosimas of Palestine">Zosimas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Other saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_of_Alexandria" title="Ambrose of Alexandria">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne_of_Alexandria" title="Euphrosyne of Alexandria">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_Girgis" title="Habib Girgis">Habib Girgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Candidus" title="Saint Candidus">Candidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Tanner" title="Simon the Tanner">Simon the Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Three Holy Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Maximus_and_Domatius" title="Saints Maximus and Domatius">Maximus and Domatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verena" class="mw-redirect" title="Verena">Verena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2519" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45581#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45581#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000079950674">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49524228">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/77110997">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/458379/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjJGbXyQ8Yr6JkQWBxQH4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118733591">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001096929">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Michel (archange)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15124791g">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Michel (archange)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15124791g">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Michael (archanděl)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph553841&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p160767962">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810614445105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/85947">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007433816805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118733591.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118733591">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/165119047">IdRef</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027435431">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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