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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Možete pogledati i kopirati izvorni sadržaj ove stranice. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="hr" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==Primjena== Koristi se u organskoj i farmaceutskoj industriji, a u medicini kao antiseptik. ===Katalizator=== Glavna primjena joda je kao jedan od [[katalizator]]a za dobivanje [[octena kiselina|octene kiseline]]. ===Dezinfekcija vode=== Od [[Halogeni elementi|halogenih elemenata]] (F, Cl, Br, I i At) za dezinfekciju široku upotrebu imaju [[klor]] i jod (Cl i I). ===Jod u prehrani=== [[Kuhinjska sol]] se jodira, što znači da se dodaje mala količina joda. Jod je potreban za proizvodnju [[Hormoni|hormona]] [[Štitna žlijezda|štitnjače]], a nedostatak joda može usporiti razvoj i rast. Korištenje '''jodirane soli''' je važno u područjima gdje su prirodne razine joda u tlu niske i gdje [[povrće]] ne prima jod iz [[Tlo|tla]]. Morska sol ne sadrži jod. U [[Hrvatska|Hrvatskoj]] se već više od četrdeset godina provodi jodiranje soli u svrhu očuvanja mentalnog zdravlja dojenčadi i sprječavanja pojave gušavosti u odraslih. [[Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo|Britanski]] University od Dundee na temelju istraživanja utvrdio da 40 % žena u drugom stanju ne unosi niti polovicu potrebnog joda u [[organizam]]. Također je objavljeno da su istraživači u [[Španjolska|Španjolskoj]] kao i u [[Italija|Italiji]] utvrdili manji stupanj [[Inteligencija|inteligencije]] kod školske djece čija prehrana ne sadrže dovoljno joda. Stanje u Hrvatskoj je u tom pogledu mnogo bolje. Ipak malo čudi da je takav problem mogao biti uopće prisutan u zakonodavno i zdravstveno uređenim zemljama [[Europska unija|Europske unije]].<ref>Net.hr: "Zbog ovoga djeca imaju manji kvocijent inteligencije" [http://www.net.hr/zdravlje/page/2011/06/02/0041006.html]{{Neaktivna poveznica|bot=InternetArchiveBot }} 2011.</ref> Dostupan bez recepta, [[kalijev jodid]] zaustavlja nakupljanje [[radioaktivnost|radioaktivnog]] joda-131 u štitnjači, gdje on može izazvati [[Rak (bolest)|rak]]. Nakon [[Černobilska nesreća|Černobilske nesreće]] 1986., zabilježene su tisuće slučajeva raka štitnjače, prije svega među onima koji su u vrijeme te nuklearne katastrofe bili djeca i pili [[mlijeko]] kontaminiranih [[Domaće govedo|krava]].<ref>Novi list.hr: "Užasnuti Amerikanci mahnito kupuju antiradijacijske pilule" [http://www.novilist.hr/hr/Vijesti/Svijet/Uzasnuti-Amerikanci-mahnito-kupuju-antiradijacijske-pilule] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318005527/http://www.novilist.hr/hr/Vijesti/Svijet/Uzasnuti-Amerikanci-mahnito-kupuju-antiradijacijske-pilule |date=18. ožujka 2011. }} 2011.</ref> ===Medicinska radiologija=== Jod kao teški element je pogodan za [[Radiologija|radiološko]] snimanje, jer radi sjene (kontrast) na snimkama kod [[Računalna tomografija|računalne tomografije]] i '''angiografije'''. Angiološki pregledi predstavljaju kontrastne invazivne dijagnostičke radiološke metode pregleda [[Srce|srca]] i [[Krvna žila|krvnih žila]]. Indikacije za te preglede predstavljaju bolesti [[Krvožilni sustav|krvožilnog sustava]], centralnog [[Živčani sustav|živčanog sustava]], sredoprsja i pluća, trbušnih organa i urogenitalnih organa. Oni su postali nezamjenjive u dijagnostici kongenitalnih vaskularnih malformacija, ateromatoze, [[Tromboza|tromboze]] i embolije te u dijagnostici tumora i oboljenja parenhimnih organa. Može se reći da je arteriografija znatno pridonijela napretku medicine uopće. Kontraindikacije za tu vrstu dijagnostike jesu opće loše stanje pacijenta, produženo vrijeme krvarenja, smanjen broj [[Trombociti|trombocita]], kao i dokazana [[alergija]] na jod, koji je sastavni dio kontrastnog sredstva. ===Kromatografija=== Tvari koje se nalaze u prirodi, kao i produkti sinteza, najčešće se javljaju u kompleksnim smjesama. Klasične metode odjeljivanja (kristalizacija, sublimacija, ekstrakcija, destilacija) samo donekle mogu riješiti problem odjeljivanja individualnih komponenti iz smjese. Većina smjesa organskih spojeva je složena zbog velikog broja spojeva koji često imaju slična fizikalnokemijska svojstva. Mnogi od njih imaju slične ili čak iste molekulske formule, te mogu biti konstitutivni izomeri i stereomeri. Zbog navedenog, odjeljivanje komponenti iz smjese može predstavljati ozbiljan problem. Razdvajanje [[antibiotik]]a, [[Vitamini|vitamina]], [[Hormoni|hormona]], polipeptida, terpena, [[alkaloid]]a i drugih srodnih spojeva riješeno je uporabom [[Kromatografija|kromatografije]]. Jod je uobičajena tvar za tankoslojnu kromatografiju.<ref>Igor Jerković i Ani Radonić: "Praktikum iz organske kemije" [http://www.ktf-split.hr/bib/praktikum_ok.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125020909/http://www.ktf-split.hr/bib/praktikum_ok.pdf |date=25. studenoga 2011. }} 2011.</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Vrati se na <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">Jod</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod">https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Zaštita privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Impresum">Impresum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_od_odgovornosti">Odricanje od odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvojni programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/hr.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jod&action=edit&section=6&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Prikaz za mobilne uređaje</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7jdc6","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.004","walltime":"0.005","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":694,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7jdc6","timestamp":"20241125064518","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>