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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hun_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hun (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hun_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fritz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fritz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fritz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fritz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heinie_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heinie_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Heinie (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heinie_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jerry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Jerry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kraut_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kraut_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Kraut (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kraut_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazi_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Nazi (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Ted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teuton_(poetic)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teuton_(poetic)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Teuton (poetic)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teuton_(poetic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boche_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boche_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span><span>Boche (pejorative)</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boche_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squarehead_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squarehead_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Squarehead (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squarehead_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Erics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other countries subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piefke_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piefke_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Piefke (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piefke_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marmeladinger_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marmeladinger_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Marmeladinger (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marmeladinger_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jiamen_(colloquial)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jiamen_(colloquial)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Jiamen (colloquial)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jiamen_(colloquial)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boches_(pejorative,_historical)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boches_(pejorative,_historical)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Boches (pejorative, historical)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boches_(pejorative,_historical)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casque_à_pointe_(historical)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casque_à_pointe_(historical)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Casque à pointe (historical)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casque_à_pointe_(historical)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chleuh_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chleuh_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Chleuh (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chleuh_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ossi/Wessi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ossi/Wessi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Ossi/Wessi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ossi/Wessi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kartoffel_/_Alman_/_Biodeutscher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kartoffel_/_Alman_/_Biodeutscher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Kartoffel / Alman / Biodeutscher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kartoffel_/_Alman_/_Biodeutscher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saupreiß" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saupreiß"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.3</span> <span>Saupreiß</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saupreiß-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sváb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sváb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Sváb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sváb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labanc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labanc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Labanc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labanc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yekke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yekke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Yekke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yekke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crucco_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crucco_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Crucco (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crucco_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuder_/_Tudro_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuder_/_Tudro_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.2</span> <span>Tuder / Tudro (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuder_/_Tudro_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Latvia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fricis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fricis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Fricis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fricis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zili_pelēkie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zili_pelēkie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>Zili pelēkie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zili_pelēkie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands_and_Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands_and_Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Netherlands and Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands_and_Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mof_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mof_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.1</span> <span>Mof (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mof_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pruus(j)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pruus(j)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.2</span> <span>Pruus(j)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pruus(j)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.3</span> <span>Poep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fryc_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fryc_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.1</span> <span>Fryc (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fryc_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pluder_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pluder_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.2</span> <span>Pluder (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pluder_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prusak_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prusak_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.3</span> <span>Prusak (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prusak_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Szkop_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Szkop_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.4</span> <span>Szkop (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Szkop_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Szwab_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Szwab_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12.5</span> <span>Szwab (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Szwab_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tudesco_(historical)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tudesco_(historical)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.1</span> <span>Tudesco (historical)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tudesco_(historical)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gummihals_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gummihals_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.1</span> <span>Gummihals (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gummihals_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schwab_(pejorative)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schwab_(pejorative)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15.2</span> <span>Schwab (pejorative)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schwab_(pejorative)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22">"List of terms used for Germans"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+terms+used+for+Germans%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>There are many terms for the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>. In English the <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a>, or noun, is <b>German</b>. During the early <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, "German" implied that the person spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> as a native language. Until the <a href="/wiki/German_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="German unification">German unification</a>, people living in what is now Germany were named for the region in which they lived: examples are <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburgers</a>. </p><p>Some terms are <a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">humorous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> <a href="/wiki/Slang" title="Slang">slang</a>, and used mainly by people from other countries, although they can be used in a self-deprecating way by German people themselves. Other terms are serious or tongue-in-cheek attempts to <a href="/wiki/Word_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Word coinage">coin</a> words as alternatives to the ambiguous standard terms. </p><p>Many pejorative terms for Germans in various countries originated during the two World Wars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hun_(pejorative)"><span id="Hun_.28pejorative.29"></span>Hun (pejorative)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hun (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg/220px-Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg/330px-Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg/440px-Vote_union_govt_-_canada-hun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption>A First World War Canadian electoral campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Hun</i> (or <i>The Hun</i>) is a term that originally refers to the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a>. Beginning in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> it became an often used pejorative seen on war posters by Western Allied powers and the basis for a criminal characterisation of the Germans as barbarians with no respect for civilisation and humanitarian values having unjust reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The wartime association of the term with Germans is believed to have been inspired by an earlier address to Imperial German troops by Kaiser <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Wilhelm II</a>. What is dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Hun_speech" title="Hun speech">Hun speech</a>" (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hunnenrede</i></span></i>) was delivered on 27 July 1900, when he bade farewell to the German expeditionary corps sailing from the port of <a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a> to take part in suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>. The relevant part of the speech was:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kommt ihr vor den Feind, so wird derselbe geschlagen! Pardon wird nicht gegeben! Gefangene werden nicht gemacht! Wer euch in die Hände fällt, sei euch verfallen! Wie vor tausend Jahren die Hunnen unter ihrem König Etzel sich einen Namen gemacht, der sie noch jetzt in Überlieferung und Märchen gewaltig erscheinen läßt, so möge der Name Deutsche in China auf 1000 Jahre durch euch in einer Weise bestätigt werden, daß es niemals wieder ein Chinese wagt, einen Deutschen scheel anzusehen!</i></span></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><p>When you meet the enemy, he will be defeated! No quarter will be given! No prisoners will be taken! Those who fall into your hands are forfeit to you! Just as a thousand years ago, the Huns under their King <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Etzel</a> made a name for themselves which shows them as mighty in tradition and myth, so shall you establish the name of Germans in China for 1000 years, in such a way that a Chinese will never again dare to look askance at a German.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The theme of Hunnic savagery was then developed in a speech of <a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a> in which he recounted details of the cruelty of the German expedition which were taken from soldiers' letters home, styled the <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hunnenbriefe</i></span></i> (letters from the Huns).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kaiser's speech was widely reported in the European press at that time. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg/220px-%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg/330px-%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg/440px-%22Beat_back_the_HUN_with_LIBERTY_BONDS.%22_-_NARA_-_512638.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>An American World War I fundraising poster</figcaption></figure> <p>The term "Hun" from this speech was later used for the Germans by British and other Allied propaganda during the war. The comparison was helped by the spiked <i><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">helmet</a> worn by German forces until 1916, which would be reminiscent of images depicting ancient warrior helmets (not necessarily that of actual historical Huns). This usage, emphasising the idea that the Germans were <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarians</a>, was reinforced by the propaganda utilised throughout the war. The French songwriter <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Botrel" title="Théodore Botrel">Théodore Botrel</a> described the Kaiser as "an Attila, without remorse", launching "cannibal hordes".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By coincidence, <a href="/wiki/Gott_mit_uns" title="Gott mit uns">Gott mit uns</a> ("God is with us"), a motto first used in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, may have contributed to the popularisation of 'Huns' as British Army slang for Germans by misreading 'uns' for 'Huns'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The usage of the term "Hun" to describe Germans resurfaced during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, although less frequently than in the previous war. For example in 1941, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> said in a broadcast speech: "There are less than 70,000,000 malignant Huns, some of whom are curable and others killable, most of whom are already engaged in holding down Austrians, Czechs, Poles and the many other ancient races they now bully and pillage."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year Churchill referred to the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as "the dull, drilled, docile brutish masses of the Hun soldiery, plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time American President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> also referred to the German people in this way, saying that an Allied invasion into Southern France would surely "be successful and of great assistance to <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> in driving the Huns from France."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fritz">Fritz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fritz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> soldiers employed a variety of epithets for the Germans. <i><a href="/wiki/Fritz" title="Fritz">Fritz</a></i>, a German pet form of Friedrich,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was popular in both World War I and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heinie_(pejorative)"><span id="Heinie_.28pejorative.29"></span>Heinie (pejorative)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Heinie (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> referred to Germans, especially German soldiers, as <i>Heinies</i>, from a diminutive of the common German male proper name Heinrich.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the film <i><a href="/wiki/1941_(film)" title="1941 (film)">1941</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/Slim_Pickens" title="Slim Pickens">Slim Pickens</a> character calls a German officer "<i>Mr Hynee Kraut!</i>" </p><p>Heinie is also a colloquial term for buttocks, in use since the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In German, <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heini" class="extiw" title="de:Heini">Heini</a></i> is a common colloquial term with a slightly pejorative meaning similar to "moron" or "idiot", but has a different origin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jerry">Jerry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jerry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18,_WWI_(5269247140).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg/220px-61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg/330px-61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg/440px-61-124-W_Helmet_Austro-Hungarian_M18%2C_WWI_%285269247140%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>World War I <a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">Stahlhelm</a>, said by the British to resemble a <a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">chamber pot</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Jerry</i> was a nickname given to Germans mostly during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> by soldiers and civilians of the Allied nations, in particular by the British. The nickname was originally created during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-etym-jerry_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etym-jerry-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is the basis for the name of the <a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">jerrycan</a>. </p><p>The name may simply be an alteration of the word <i>German</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, Jerry may possibly be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">stahlhelm</a> introduced in 1916, which was said by British soldiers to resemble a "jerry" (<a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">chamber pot</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kraut_(pejorative)"><span id="Kraut_.28pejorative.29"></span>Kraut (pejorative)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kraut (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_terms_used_for_Germans" title="Special:EditPage/List of terms used for Germans">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Kraut" title="Kraut">Kraut</a> is a German word recorded in English from 1918 onwards as a derogatory term for a German, particularly a German soldier during World War I. The term came up after the <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">American entry into World War I</a>, which followed the <a href="/wiki/Turnip_Winter" title="Turnip Winter">Turnip Winter</a> and had resulted in the food trade stop for Germany through neutral states. The analogy of this term is the starving soldier of World War I, who ran out of supplies for a long war-period and needed to eat wild cabbage. </p><p>Before the Second World War the term was used in relation to cabbage, because anti-German boycotts and <i>de facto</i> trade limitations hit Germany's food imports. Early American war propaganda used the language in such a manner that 'Kraut' and 'Krauthead' gave the Germans less dignity. </p><p>In the 18th century, poor Swiss German immigrants to the US were described as Krauts because they consumed <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a>. Sauerkraut was also a common food served on German ships to fight <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>, while the British used lime and got called <a href="/wiki/Limey" class="mw-redirect" title="Limey">limey</a>. In Switzerland it was a food preserved for hard winters that could go on for half a year. </p><p>The stereotype of a sauerkraut-eating German appears in <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s depiction of the evil, German industrialist Schultze, who is an avid sauerkraut eater in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Begum%27s_Fortune" title="The Begum's Fortune">The Begum's Fortune</a></i>. Schultze's enemy is an <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsatian</a> who hates sauerkraut but pretends to love it to win his enemy's confidence. </p><p>The rock music genre <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a> has been commonplace in <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music journalism</a> since the early 1970s and is of English invention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_(pejorative)"><span id="Nazi_.28pejorative.29"></span>Nazi (pejorative)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nazi (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nazi</i>, a shortening of <i>Nationalsozialist</i> (National Socialist) (attested since 1903, as a shortening of <i>national-sozial</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Etymonline_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etymonline-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since in German the <i>nati-</i> in <i>national</i> is approximately pronounced <i>Nazi</i>. A homonymic term <i>Nazi</i> was in use before the rise of the NSDAP in Bavaria as a pet name for Ignaz and (by extension from that) a derogatory word for a backwards peasant, which may have influenced<sup id="cite_ref-GottliebMorgensen2007_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GottliebMorgensen2007-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of that abbreviation by the Nazis′ opponents and its avoidance by the Nazis themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-Etymonline_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etymonline-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sourcebook_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sourcebook-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ted">Ted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Ted", and "Teds", from <i>Tedeschi</i>, the Italian word for Germans, became the term used by Allied soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teuton_(poetic)"><span id="Teuton_.28poetic.29"></span>Teuton (poetic)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Teuton (poetic)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a more poetical sense Germans can be referred to as <i>Teutons</i>. The usage of the word in this term has been observed in English since 1833. The word originated via an ancient Germanic tribe, the <a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see also <a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutonic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boche_(pejorative)"><span id="Boche_.28pejorative.29"></span><span id="Boche">Boche (pejorative)</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Boche (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[boʃ]</a></span>, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">boche</i></span></i> is a derisive term used by the Allies during World War I, often collectively ("the Boche" meaning "the Germans"). It is a shortened form of the <a href="/wiki/Argot" class="mw-redirect" title="Argot">French slang</a> <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">alboche</i></span></i>, itself derived from <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Allemand</i></span></i> ("German") and <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">caboche</i></span></i> ("head" or "cabbage"). The alternative spellings "Bosch" or "Bosche" are sometimes found.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 1916 article in the <i>New York Times</i> magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Current_History" title="Current History">Current History</a></i>, the origin is as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boche</i></span></i> is an abbreviation of <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">caboche</i></span></i>, (compare <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">bochon</i></span></i>, an abbreviation of <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cabochon</i></span></i>). This is a recognized French word used familiarly for "head," especially a big, thick head, ("slow-pate"). It is derived from the Latin word <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">caput</i></span></i> and the suffix <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">oceus</i></span></i>. <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boche</i></span></i> seems to have been used first in the underworld of Paris about 1860, with the meaning of a disagreeable, troublesome fellow. In the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian war</a> of 1870 it was not applied to the Germans, but soon afterward it was applied by the Parisian printers to their German assistants because of the reputed slowness of comprehension of these foreign printers. The epithet then used was <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tête de boche</i></span></i>, which had the meaning of <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">tête carrée d'Allemand</i></span></i> (German <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blockhead" class="extiw" title="wikt:blockhead">blockhead</a> or <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">imbécile</i></span></i>). The next step was to apply <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">boche</i></span></i> to Germans in general.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squarehead_(pejorative)"><span id="Squarehead_.28pejorative.29"></span>Squarehead (pejorative)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Squarehead (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Squarehead", a generic derogatory term for people from Germany and Scandinavia;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commonly used for Germans during the First and Second World War, but found in a collection of slang from 1906 relating particularly to German military style.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_terms_used_for_Germans#Jerry" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:List of terms used for Germans"><i>Boxhead</i></a>, commonly used after World War II within the British Armed Forces in the former West Germany is derived from this.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erics">Erics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Erics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First came to prominence in the English 1983 television show <i><a href="/wiki/Auf_Wiedersehen,_Pet" title="Auf Wiedersehen, Pet">Auf Wiedersehen, Pet</a></i>. It was a term used by the English and Irish when referring to Germans without them knowing it was them being talked about. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piefke_(pejorative)"><span id="Piefke_.28pejorative.29"></span>Piefke (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Piefke (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_slur" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic slur">ethnic slur</a> for a German is <i>Piefke</i>. Like its Bavarian counterpart <i>Saupreiß</i> (literally: <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">sow</a>-Prussian), the term <i>Piefke</i> historically characterized only the people of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and not people of other Germanic states. There are two hypotheses on how the term developed; both of them suggest an origin in the 1860s. One theory suggests that the term came from the name of the popular Prussian composer <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Piefke" title="Johann Gottfried Piefke">Johann Gottfried Piefke</a>, who composed some of the most iconic German military marches, for example <i><a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fens_Gloria" title="Preußens Gloria">Preußens Gloria</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6niggr%C3%A4tzer_Marsch" title="Königgrätzer Marsch">Königgrätzer Marsch</a></i> – particularly since Piefke and his brother conducted the Prussian music corps in the parade in Austria following the Prussian victory of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a> in 1866. The second theory suggests an origin in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> in 1864, where Prussians and Austrians were allies. A Prussian soldier with the name <i>Piefke</i> and a stereotypically <i>Prussian</i> gruff and snappy manner made such a negative impression on his Austrian comrades that the term came to refer to all Prussians.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Prussia no longer exists, the term now refers to the cliché of a pompous northern <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> German in general and a <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berliner</a> in particular. However, the citizens of the free <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic</a> cities and the former northern duchies of Oldenburg, Brunswick and Mecklenburg are also quite offended by the terms <i>Piefke</i> and also by <i>Saupreiß</i> (a slur for any German who is not native Bavarian). In 1990, Austrian playwright Felix Mitterer wrote and co-directed a TV mini-series, <i>Die Piefke-Saga</i>, about Germans on holiday in <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>. Sometimes the alteration "Piefkinese" is used. Some Austrians use the playful term "Piefkinesisch" (Pief-Chinese) to refer to German spoken in a distinctly northern German – that is, not Austrian – accent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marmeladinger_(pejorative)"><span id="Marmeladinger_.28pejorative.29"></span>Marmeladinger (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Marmeladinger (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Marmeladinger</i> originated in the trenches of World War I. It is derived from the German word "Marmelade", which is a <a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves#Marmalade" title="Fruit preserves">fruit preserve</a>. While Austrian infantry rations included butter and lard as <a href="/wiki/Spread_(food)" title="Spread (food)">spread</a>, German troops had to make do with cheaper <a href="/wiki/Ersatz_good" title="Ersatz good">ersatz</a> "Marmelade". They disdainfully called it <i>Heldenbutter</i> "hero's butter" or <i><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Hindenburgfett</a></i>. This earned them ridicule from their Austrian allies who would call them <i>Marmeladebrüder</i> (jam brothers) or <i>Marmeladinger</i> (-<i>inger</i> being an Austrian <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">derivational suffix</a> describing a person through a characteristic item or action).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germans would conversely call Austrians <i>Kamerad Schnürschuh</i> "comrade lace-up shoe" because the Austrian infantry boots used laces while the German boots did not. This term has survived, but it is rarely used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jiamen_(colloquial)"><span id="Jiamen_.28colloquial.29"></span>Jiamen (colloquial)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jiamen (colloquial)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a>, a German can be colloquially called a <i>Jiamen</i> (茄門/茄门), which is an adaptation of the English word "German". </p><p>This word carries a somewhat negative meaning of a stereotypical German being proud, withdrawn, cold and serious. Today, this phrase, when pronounced as "Ga-Men", can mean "disdainful, indifferent, or uninterested in someone or something". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Mapuche-Huilliche</a> of <a href="/wiki/Futahuillimapu" title="Futahuillimapu">Futahuillimapu</a> in southern Chile <a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Valdivia,_Osorno_and_Llanquihue" title="German colonization of Valdivia, Osorno and Llanquihue">German settlers</a> are known as <i>leupe lonko</i> meaning blond heads.<sup id="cite_ref-Salvador2020_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salvador2020-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a> between <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and Germany, the terms <i>saku</i>, <i>sakemanni</i>, <i>hunni</i> and <i>lapinpolttaja</i> (burner of <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a>, see: <a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a>) became widely used among the Finnish soldiers, <i>saku</i> and <i>sakemanni</i> being modified from <i>saksalainen</i> (German). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boches_(pejorative,_historical)"><span id="Boches_.28pejorative.2C_historical.29"></span>Boches (pejorative, historical)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Boches (pejorative, historical)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Boches</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Apheresis_(linguistics)" title="Apheresis (linguistics)">apheresis</a> of the word <i>alboche</i>, which in turn is a <a href="/wiki/Blend_word" title="Blend word">blend</a> of <i>allemand</i> (French for German) and <i>caboche</i> (slang for <i>head</i>). It was used mainly during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World Wars</a>, and directed especially at German soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Casque_à_pointe_(historical)"><span id="Casque_.C3.A0_pointe_.28historical.29"></span>Casque à pointe (historical)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Casque à pointe (historical)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_Pickelhauben_(1860).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg/220px-2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg/330px-2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg/440px-2_Pickelhauben_%281860%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Two leather Pickelhauben, or "casques à pointe" from the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> era</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Casque à pointe</i> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> name for the traditional <a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Prussian military helmets</a> worn by German soldiers from the 1840s until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In modern <a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French Sign Language</a> the word for Germany continues to be an index finger pointed to the top of the forehead, simulating the Pickelhaube.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chleuh_(pejorative)"><span id="Chleuh_.28pejorative.29"></span>Chleuh (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Chleuh (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Chleuh</i> derives from the name of the <a href="/wiki/Chleuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chleuh">Chleuh</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. It also denotes the absence of words beginning in Schl- in French. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ossi/Wessi"><span id="Ossi.2FWessi"></span>Ossi/Wessi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ossi/Wessi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Ossi</i>, derived from the German word <i>Osten</i> which means east, is used in Germany for people who were born in the area of the former <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a>. </p><p>The term <i>Wessi</i>, derived from the German word <i>Westen</i> which means west, is used in Germany for people who were born or live in the <a href="/wiki/Old_states_of_Germany" title="Old states of Germany">old states of Germany</a> (those that formed the Federal Republic or "West Germany" before reunification). Sometimes it is also modified to "Besserwessi", from the German word <i>Besserwisser</i> which means <a href="/wiki/Know-it-all" title="Know-it-all">Know-it-all</a>, reflecting the stereotype that people from the Western part of Germany are arrogant. </p><p>In 2010 there was a lawsuit in Germany because a job applicant was denied employment and her application was found to have the notation "Ossi" and a minus sign written on her application documents. A German court decided that denial of employment for such a reason would be discrimination, but not ethnic discrimination, since "East German" is not an ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kartoffel_/_Alman_/_Biodeutscher"><span id="Kartoffel_.2F_Alman_.2F_Biodeutscher"></span>Kartoffel / Alman / Biodeutscher</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Kartoffel / Alman / Biodeutscher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Kartoffel" title="Kartoffel">Kartoffel</a></i> (German for potato) is a derogatory slang term for Germans without migratory roots. In the 19th century it was used to describe areas of Germany in a need of eating potatoes like "potatosaxons". <a href="/wiki/Gastarbeiter" title="Gastarbeiter">Gastarbeiter</a> used the term "potatoeater" for Germans, while "spaghettieater" meant migrant Italians and "kebabeaters" Turks. Today the term is often also used ironically by members of the described group for themselves. <i><a href="/wiki/Alman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alman">Alman</a></i> and <i>Biodeutscher</i> ("biological German") are similar terms coming out of the migrant community. <i>Biodeutsch</i> has also been adopted by some in the <a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a> in Germany to refer to a supposed 'genetic origin' of 'true' Germans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Saupreiß"><span id="Sauprei.C3.9F"></span>Saupreiß</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Saupreiß"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Saupreiß</i>, derived from the German words <i>Sau</i> (= 'sow') which means female pig and <i>Preuße</i> which means Prussian, is used in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> for people who were born or live in any German area north of the <a href="/wiki/Danube_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube river">Danube river</a>, or at least north of the Bavarian border. A number of other terms exist. Similar to the Polish <i>Szwab</i>, the term <i>Schwab</i> can be pejorative and be used to express <a href="/wiki/Schwabenhass" title="Schwabenhass">Schwabenhass</a>. Various – more or less good-humoured – nicknames are being used between the different German states or areas, such as <i>Gelbfüßler</i> ("Yellowfeet") for the inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sváb"><span id="Sv.C3.A1b"></span>Sváb</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sváb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>sváb</i> derives from the German word "Schwaben", describing people from <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a> (ger: Schwaben). The first German-speaking people, <a href="/wiki/Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a> merchants and miners, later becoming <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Carpathian Germans</a>, first arrived to the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian basin">Carpathian basin</a> (then mostly under rule of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>) in the 12th century, their numbers and territory of settlement were limited, mainly in towns. In the 18th century various German-speaking peasant groups settled in Hungary in large numbers to inhabit the vast territories being depopulated during the Osman rule, they are known as <a href="/wiki/Danube_Swabians" title="Danube Swabians">Danube Swabians</a> (Donauschwaben), though most of their forefathers have <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian people">Bavarian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thuringia#Demographics" title="Thuringia">Thuringian</a> roots. They settled mainly where the destruction was most severe, especially around <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>), <a href="/wiki/Danube_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube valley">Danube valley</a> and southern part of Hungary. Although they have assimilated in large parts until the beginning of the 20th century, they maintained strong cultural identity up to date. These people, and through them German people in general are called <i>svábok</i> (plural), having a hint of pejorative nature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labanc">Labanc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Labanc"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Labanc" redirects here. For the ice hockey player, see <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Labanc" title="Kevin Labanc">Kevin Labanc</a>.</div> <p>The term <i>labanc</i> came into use during <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%27s_War_of_Independence" title="Rákóczi's War of Independence">Rákóczi's War of Independence</a>. It was specifically used for the soldiers fighting for the Austrian/German soldiers of the Habsburg rulers, as well as for the Hungarians siding with the Habsburgs. There are multiple theories about where it came from, such as being a strange concatenation of the German term "Lauf Hans!" (Run Hans!) or the French term <i>Le Blanc</i> (the white one), it might also be a reference to the Hungarian word <i>lobonc</i> which referred to the large, common wig, which used to be common in the Vienna court at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now <i>Labanc</i> is exclusively used for Austrians, but becomes rare in usage as there are no tensions between the two countries. Still however, the expression describes mentality or behaviour that is counter to general Hungarian interest and describes persons not content with "true" Hungarian values. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yekke">Yekke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Yekke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the Jews who came from the German speaking world, there was a word in use for many years : "<a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekke</a>", in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>. One of the explanations of the name in Hebrew is "Yehudi Kshe Havana" יהודי קשה הבנה "A Jew who hardly understands" for the so called "stiffness of their mentality".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crucco_(pejorative)"><span id="Crucco_.28pejorative.29"></span>Crucco (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Crucco (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>crucco</i> derived from the Croatian and Slovenian <i>kruh</i> ("bread"). Italian soldiers invented this word during World War I when they captured some hungry Austrian-Croatian and Austrian-Slovenian soldiers who asked for "kruh". Later, during World War II, and still today, applied to all German-speaking people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tuder_/_Tudro_(pejorative)"><span id="Tuder_.2F_Tudro_.28pejorative.29"></span>Tuder / Tudro (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tuder / Tudro (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Tudro</i> designates Germans as a people lacking flexibility and fantasy, but also <a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a>. It is more widely adopted to describe a sturdy and stupid man. Tudro is mainly used in Northern Italy. <i>Tuder</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_language" title="Lombard language">Lombard</a> usage of the word. </p><p><b>Fascia rossa (pejorative)</b> </p><p>The term <i>Fascia Rossa</i> is an Italian designation referring to German soldiers and specifically denotes their red armband adorned with a swastika, this term is mainly used in Southern Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Latvia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fricis">Fricis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Fricis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Fricis</i> derives from the German name Fritz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zili_pelēkie"><span id="Zili_pel.C4.93kie"></span>Zili pelēkie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Zili pelēkie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Zili pelēkie</i>, literally translated, means "The Blue-Grays", from the Prussian war uniforms of the pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> era. The term appeared in a popular <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Legion" title="Latvian Legion">Latvian legionnaire</a> wartime song <i>Ik katru sestdien's vakaru</i> ("Every saturday night") about trouncing the blue-grays after beating up reds (<i>sarkanos</i>) or lice-infested ones (<i>utainos</i>) – the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands_and_Belgium">Netherlands and Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Netherlands and Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mof_(pejorative)"><span id="Mof_.28pejorative.29"></span>Mof (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Mof (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> the most common term for the <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German people</a>, after the regular/official "Duitse", is <i>mof</i>. It is regarded as a pejorative term, used exclusively for Germans and reflecting Dutch resentment of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1939%E2%80%931945)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)">German occupation of the Netherlands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> and the respective German actions.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 16th century the area just beyond the current northeast border between the Netherlands and Germany now known as <a href="/wiki/East_Frisia" title="East Frisia">East Frisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emsland" title="Emsland">Emsland</a>, as well as the people that lived there, used to be referred to as <i>Muffe</i>. Some time later it evolved into an informal designation, still not a pejorative, of someone from Germany in general; however the term seemed to have died out around 1900. Then it was revived to a far greater use and with negative connotations ever since <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Netherlands">Germany invaded the Netherlands</a> in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Why_Germans_are_called_moffen_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_Germans_are_called_moffen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A popular humorous (but false) etymology of the word <i>mof</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> is that it is a <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> abbreviation meaning <i>Menschen ohne Freunde</i> ("people without friends"). </p><p>Germany was known as <i>Mofrika</i>, an amalgamation of <i>mof</i> and <i>Afrika</i>, during WW2.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pruus(j)"><span id="Pruus.28j.29"></span>Pruus(j)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Pruus(j)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Pruus</i> or <i>Pruusj</i>, is a friendly but somewhat mocking term, used in the south eastern part of The Netherlands as part of the '<a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburg</a> dialect'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poep">Poep</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Poep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Poep</i> is a term used in the northern eastern part of The Netherlands, in the province of <a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a>, referring to a German from nearby <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a>. It is said that the etymological reference points to the German word <i>Bube</i> (=boy) yet this is unconfirmed. </p> <ul><li>A <i>blaaspoep</i> is a German playing a brass instrument</li> <li><i>blaaspoepenmuziek</i> is German brass band music</li> <li><i>Poepenland</i> refers to Germany</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fryc_(pejorative)"><span id="Fryc_.28pejorative.29"></span>Fryc (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Fryc (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Means <a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">novice</a>, and comes from the German name <a href="/wiki/Fritz" title="Fritz">Fritz</a>, which is a diminutive of Friedrich. German trade and settlements acquainted Poles with this name. German coming to Poland was actually a novice hence was called <i>Fryc</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pluder_(pejorative)"><span id="Pluder_.28pejorative.29"></span>Pluder (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Pluder (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A pejorative and historical term that came from <a href="/wiki/Hose_(clothing)" title="Hose (clothing)">Hose (clothing)</a> being the part of wardrobe.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prusak_(pejorative)"><span id="Prusak_.28pejorative.29"></span>Prusak (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Prusak (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Polish term for an inhabitant of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and for the species of bugs called <a href="/wiki/German_cockroach" title="German cockroach">German cockroach</a>, and it is also a contemptuous term for a German.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Szkop_(pejorative)"><span id="Szkop_.28pejorative.29"></span>Szkop (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Szkop (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemptuous term for a German soldier of the <i>Wehrmacht</i> during World War II as the word <i>szkop</i> in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> meant a wether, or castrated ram.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Szwab_(pejorative)"><span id="Szwab_.28pejorative.29"></span>Szwab (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Szwab (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derives from <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a>, a historical Germanic tribe. Used extensively during and after World War II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolbasnik, <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">колбасник</span></span> – an outdated (used mostly before 1940s)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pejorative term, which verbally meant "a sausage-maker". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tudesco_(historical)"><span id="Tudesco_.28historical.29"></span>Tudesco (historical)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Tudesco (historical)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Early Modern Spanish</a> (for example in <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a></i>), <i>tudesco</i> (cognate with <i>deutsch</i> and the Italian <i>tedesco</i>) was used sometimes as a general name for Germans<sup id="cite_ref-Don_Quixote_2_LIV_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Don_Quixote_2_LIV-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sometimes restricted to <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DRAE_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DRAE-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Don_Quixote_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Don_Quixote-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gummihals_(pejorative)"><span id="Gummihals_.28pejorative.29"></span>Gummihals (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Gummihals (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German for <i>rubber-neck</i>. The term has been verified to be in use since the 1970s at least. Its actual meaning is subject to debate. Theories include the stereotype of Germans talking too much or nodding their heads endlessly when listening to superiors.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schwab_(pejorative)"><span id="Schwab_.28pejorative.29"></span>Schwab (pejorative)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Schwab (pejorative)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ordinary (non-pejorative) meaning is people from <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a> (roughly Baden-Württemberg) in South Germany, neighbouring Switzerland, but in Switzerland it is used for any German. A strengthening is Sauschwabe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hans and Helga, the German names. <a href="/wiki/Almanc%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Almancı">Almancı</a> or Alamancı, often used pejoratively, refers to Germans of Turkish origin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">Anti-German sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs_by_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity">List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Names of Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_terms_used_for_Germans&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNicoletta_Gullace" class="citation book cs1">Nicoletta Gullace. "Barbaric Anti-Modernism: Representations of the "Hun" in Britain, North America, Australia and Beyond". <i>Picture This: World War I Posters and Visual Culture</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barbaric+Anti-Modernism%3A+Representations+of+the+%22Hun%22+in+Britain%2C+North+America%2C+Australia+and+Beyond&rft.btitle=Picture+This%3A+World+War+I+Posters+and+Visual+Culture&rft.au=Nicoletta+Gullace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Die Reden Kaiser Wilhelms II</i>, Hg. v. Johannes Penzler. Bd. 2: 1896–1900. Leipzig o.J., S. 209–212. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/dokumente/wilhelm00/index.html">Deutsches Historisches Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_Mühlhahn2007" class="citation book cs1">Klaus Mühlhahn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VYOHaIa-9Z8C&pg=PA171"><i>Kolonialkrieg in China: die Niederschlagung der Boxerbewegung 1900–1901</i></a>. Ch. Links Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-432-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-432-7"><bdi>978-3-86153-432-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kolonialkrieg+in+China%3A+die+Niederschlagung+der+Boxerbewegung+1900%E2%80%931901&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-432-7&rft.au=Klaus+M%C3%BChlhahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVYOHaIa-9Z8C%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Quand un Attila, sans remords, / Lance ses hordes cannibales, / Tout est bon qui meurtrit et mord: / Les chansons, aussi, sont des balles!", from "Theodore Botrel", by Edgar Preston <i>T.P.'s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War</i>, 27 February 1915</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CpDPBAAAQBAJ&dq=huns%20gott%20mit%20uns&pg=PT289">Original wavelength</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/timeline/410427awp.html">"PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S BROADCAST "REPORT ON THE WAR"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PRIME+MINISTER+WINSTON+CHURCHILL%27S+BROADCAST+%22REPORT+ON+THE+WAR%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fpha%2Ftimeline%2F410427awp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Winston S. 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/timeline/410622dwp.html">"WINSTON CHURCHILL'S BROADCAST ON THE SOVIET-GERMAN WAR", London, June 22, 1941</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>. 1953. "Triumph and Tragedy" (volume 6 of <i>The Second World War</i>). Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Ch. 4, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26277732">"The English expressions coined in WW1"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+English+expressions+coined+in+WW1&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-26277732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1983" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Irving (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languageofethnic0000alle"><i>The Language of Ethnic Conflict: Social Organization and Lexical Culture</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/languageofethnic0000alle/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-05557-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-05557-9"><bdi>0-231-05557-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+of+Ethnic+Conflict%3A+Social+Organization+and+Lexical+Culture&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-231-05557-9&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguageofethnic0000alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Heinie#etymonline_v_9111">"etymonline, origin of "heinie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=etymonline%2C+origin+of+%22heinie%22&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2FHeinie%23etymonline_v_9111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heinie">Heinie</a>, Merriam-Webster Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etym-jerry-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etym-jerry_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Jerry">"etymonline, origin of "Jerry"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=etymonline%2C+origin+of+%22Jerry%22&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DJerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBealePartridge2003" class="citation book cs1">Beale, Paul; Partridge, Eric (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=17uHAgAAQBAJ&q=jerry%20helmet%20chamber%20pot&pg=PA119"><i>Shorter Slang Dictionary</i></a>. Routledge. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-87952-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-87952-6"><bdi>978-1-134-87952-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shorter+Slang+Dictionary&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-134-87952-6&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Partridge%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D17uHAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Djerry%2520helmet%2520chamber%2520pot%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorterWynn2014" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Ken; Wynn, Stephen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o11EBgAAQBAJ&q=jeroboam%20helmet%20chamber%20pot&pg=PA102"><i>Laindon in the Great War</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-4801-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-4801-6"><bdi>978-1-4738-4801-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laindon+in+the+Great+War&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-4801-6&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Wynn%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do11EBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Djeroboam%2520helmet%2520chamber%2520pot%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowell2014" class="citation news cs1">Dowell, Ben (18 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2014-02-18/dont-mention-the-jerries-bbc-changes-world-war-one-programme-title/">"Don't mention the Jerries: BBC changes World War I programme title"</a>. <i>Radio Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Don%27t+mention+the+Jerries%3A+BBC+changes+World+War+I+programme+title&rft.date=2014-02-18&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Fnews%2F2014-02-18%2Fdont-mention-the-jerries-bbc-changes-world-war-one-programme-title%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Etymonline-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Etymonline_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Etymonline_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/nazi">Nazi</a>, Etymology Online, citing Friedrich Kluge, Elmar Seebold, <i>Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache</i>, 24. Auflage (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-017473-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-017473-1">3-11-017473-1</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GottliebMorgensen2007-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GottliebMorgensen2007_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenrik_GottliebJens_Erik_Morgensen2007" class="citation book cs1">Henrik Gottlieb; Jens Erik Morgensen, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UaggHAJ7jToC&pg=PA247"><i>Dictionary Visions, Research and Practice: Selected Papers from the 12th International Symposium on Lexicography, Copenhagen 2004</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. pp. 247–249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9027223340" title="Special:BookSources/978-9027223340"><bdi>978-9027223340</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+Visions%2C+Research+and+Practice%3A+Selected+Papers+from+the+12th+International+Symposium+on+Lexicography%2C+Copenhagen+2004&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=247-249&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=J.+Benjamins+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9027223340&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUaggHAJ7jToC%26pg%3DPA247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sourcebook-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sourcebook_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnson_RabinbachSander_Gilman2013" class="citation book cs1">Anson Rabinbach; Sander Gilman, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XhDakMp55i0C&pg=PA4"><i>The Third Reich Sourcebook</i></a>. Berkeley, California: California University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95514-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95514-1"><bdi>978-0-520-95514-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+Sourcebook&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=California+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-520-95514-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhDakMp55i0C%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapin2017" class="citation news cs1">Chapin, Sasha (5 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/magazine/americans-are-confronting-an-alarming-question-are-many-of-our-fellow-citizens-nazis.html">"Americans Are Confronting an Alarming Question: Are Many of Our Fellow Citizens 'Nazis'?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Americans+Are+Confronting+an+Alarming+Question%3A+Are+Many+of+Our+Fellow+Citizens+%27Nazis%27%3F&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Chapin&rft.aufirst=Sasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F09%2F05%2Fmagazine%2Famericans-are-confronting-an-alarming-question-are-many-of-our-fellow-citizens-nazis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NZ Army Board (1946) <i>One More River: With the Second New Zealand Division from Florence to Trieste</i> p42 Army Board Wellington (ISBN none)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bob Pearson (2014) <i>A Peg Leg Hero</i> Australian Self-Publishing Group <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925011760" title="Special:BookSources/9781925011760">9781925011760</a> p.111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=teuton&searchmode=none">"etymonline, origin of "teuton"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Etymonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=etymonline%2C+origin+of+%22teuton%22&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fsearch%3Dteuton%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707171724/http://digital.nls.uk/pageturner.cfm?id=74545952">National Library of Scotland Digital Archive</a> (click "More information")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/8/B0360800.html">Boche</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821033907/http://www.bartleby.com/61/8/B0360800.html">Archived</a> 21 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/currenthistoryfo04newyuoft#page/524/mode/2up"><i>Current History</i></a>. April–September 1916. p. 525<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+History&rft.pages=525&rft.date=1916-04%2F1916-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcurrenthistoryfo04newyuoft%23page%2F524%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/squarehead"><i>Squarehead</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/188200?redirectedFrom=squarehead#eid"><i>Squarehead</i></a> at OED</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Wehle. "Die Wiener Gaunersprache", 1977, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anton Karl Mally: „Piefke". Herkunft und Rolle eines österreichischen Spitznamens für den Preußen, den Nord- und den Reichsdeutschen, in: Muttersprache. Zeitschrift zur Pflege und Erforschung der deutschen Sprache, [Wiesbaden] 1984, number 4, pp. 257-286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salvador2020-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salvador2020_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumian_Cisterna2020" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rumian Cisterna, Salvador (17 September 2020). <i>Gallito Catrilef: Colonialismo y defensa de la tierra en San Juan de la Costa a mediados del siglo XX</i> (M.Sc. thesis) (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Los_Lagos" title="University of Los Lagos">University of Los Lagos</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Gallito+Catrilef%3A+Colonialismo+y+defensa+de+la+tierra+en+San+Juan+de+la+Costa+a+mediados+del+siglo+XX&rft.degree=M.Sc.&rft.inst=University+of+Los+Lagos&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.aulast=Rumian+Cisterna&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Boche"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Boche">"Boche" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boche&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sematos.eu/lsf-p-Allemagne-8751-en.html">"The sign for Allemagne in LSF on video – Sématos"</a>. <i>www.sematos.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sematos.eu&rft.atitle=The+sign+for+Allemagne+in+LSF+on+video+%E2%80%93+S%C3%A9matos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sematos.eu%2Flsf-p-Allemagne-8751-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/service/diskriminierung-ossi-streit-endet-mit-vergleich-a-723605.html">"Diskriminierung: "Ossi"-Streit endet mit Vergleich – SPIEGEL ONLINE"</a>. Spiegel.de. 17 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diskriminierung%3A+%22Ossi%22-Streit+endet+mit+Vergleich+%E2%80%93+SPIEGEL+ONLINE&rft.pub=Spiegel.de&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwirtschaft%2Fservice%2Fdiskriminierung-ossi-streit-endet-mit-vergleich-a-723605.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wochenblatt-reporter.de/oestringen/c-lokales/wie-die-gelbfuessler-zu-ihrem-namen-kamen-oder-auch-nicht_a109483">"Wie die Gelbfüßler zu ihrem Namen kamen, oder auch nicht (How the Yellowfeet got their name, or didn't)"</a>. Wochenblatt. 18 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wie+die+Gelbf%C3%BC%C3%9Fler+zu+ihrem+Namen+kamen%2C+oder+auch+nicht+%28How+the+Yellowfeet+got+their+name%2C+or+didn%27t%29&rft.pub=Wochenblatt&rft.date=2019-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wochenblatt-reporter.de%2Foestringen%2Fc-lokales%2Fwie-die-gelbfuessler-zu-ihrem-namen-kamen-oder-auch-nicht_a109483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/kuruc_labanc_pro-habsburg_pro-independence_sectarian_sociocultural_conflict/">Kuruc or Labanc? Hungary’s Eternal Fault Line — Part I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaima2017" class="citation book cs1">Laima, Rita (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=20UwDwAAQBAJ"><i>Skylarks and Rebels: A Memoir about the Soviet Russian Occupation of Latvia, Life in a Totalitarian State, and Freedom</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Ibidem_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibidem Press">ibidem Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-1034-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8382-1034-6"><bdi>978-3-8382-1034-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>The Latvian legionnaires did not subscribe to Nazi ideology. They fought solely for their country, Latvia. In their popular wartime song "Every saturday night" ("<i>Ik katru sestdien's vakaru</i>") they promised to beat up the utainos (lice-infested Russians) and then "trounce the blue-grays" (a reference to the Germans and their uniforms).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skylarks+and+Rebels%3A+A+Memoir+about+the+Soviet+Russian+Occupation+of+Latvia%2C+Life+in+a+Totalitarian+State%2C+and+Freedom&rft.pub=ibidem+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-8382-1034-6&rft.aulast=Laima&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D20UwDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankovičs2015" class="citation book cs1">Bankovičs, Vilnis (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NrebCgAAQBAJ"><i>Driven West, Taken East: A World War Ii Memoir of the Eastern Front</i></a>. Translated by Māris Roze. <a href="/wiki/Xlibris" title="Xlibris">Xlibris</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5144-0362-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5144-0362-4"><bdi>978-1-5144-0362-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>When we were tired and fed up with the constant drill, we sang for spite of the Fritzes and for gratification for ourselves: Mēs sitīsim tos sarkanos—arvien, arvien. Pēc tam tos zili pelēkos—arvien, arvien)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driven+West%2C+Taken+East%3A+A+World+War+Ii+Memoir+of+the+Eastern+Front&rft.pub=Xlibris&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5144-0362-4&rft.aulast=Bankovi%C4%8Ds&rft.aufirst=Vilnis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNrebCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prisma Etymologisch woordenboek, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-274-9199-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-274-9199-2">90-274-9199-2</a>. "<i>Mof heeft historisch gezien niet de huidige betekenis (die van een verwijzing naar de Duitsers en hun acties tijdens de Tweede wereldoorlog) maar …</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_Germans_are_called_moffen-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Why_Germans_are_called_moffen_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engelfriet.net/Alie/Marieke/mof.htm">Why Germans are called "<i>moffen</i>"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historiek.net/waarom-duitsers-moffen-scheldwoord/60818/">Waarom noem(d)en we Duitsers ‘moffen’?</a>, Enne Koops, <i>Historiek</i>, 19 October 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/poep4">"Zoekresultaten"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zoekresultaten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetymologiebank.nl%2Ftrefwoord%2Fpoep4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyklopedia_staropolska/Fryc">"Encyklopedia staropolska – Fryc"</a>. pl.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+staropolska+%E2%80%93+Fryc&rft.pub=pl.wikisource.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FEncyklopedia_staropolska%2FFryc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sjp.pl/pluder">"Słownik języka polskiego – Pluder"</a>. sjp.pl<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C5%82ownik+j%C4%99zyka+polskiego+PWN+%E2%80%93+Prusak&rft.pub=sjp.pwn.pl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsjp.pwn.pl%2Fslowniki%2Fprusak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/;4856">"szkop"</a>. <i>Poradnia językowa PWN</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poradnia+j%C4%99zykowa+PWN&rft.atitle=szkop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsjp.pwn.pl%2Fporadnia%2Fhaslo%2F%3B4856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.academic.ru/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA/ru/de/">"колбасник – с русского на немецкий"</a>. Translate.academic.ru<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%E2%80%93+%D1%81+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.pub=Translate.academic.ru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.academic.ru%2F%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%2Fru%2Fde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+terms+used+for+Germans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Don_Quixote_2_LIV-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Don_Quixote_2_LIV_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Don_Quijote,_Segunda_Parte:_Cap%C3%ADtulo_LIV" class="extiw" title="s:es:Don Quijote, Segunda Parte: Capítulo LIV">Second Part, chapter LIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a> meets some pilgrims (<i>alemán o tudesco</i>) from <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DRAE-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DRAE_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltGUIBusUsual?TIPO_HTML=2&TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=tudesco">tudesco</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Diccionario_de_la_Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Diccionario de la Real Academia Española">Diccionario de la Real Academia Española</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Don_Quixote-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Don_Quixote_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Don Quixote</i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Segundo_tomo_del_ingenioso_hidalgo_Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha:_Cap%C3%ADtulo_V" class="extiw" title="s:es:Segundo tomo del ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha: Capítulo V">Second part, chapter V</a>: <i>¿Cuántos son los <b>alemanes, tudescos</b>, franceses, españoles, italianos y esguízaros?</i> "How many are the Almains, Dutch, Frenchmen, Spaniards, Italians and Swiss?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruno Ziauddin: Grüezi Gummihälse. Warum uns die Deutschen manchmal auf die Nerven gehen. 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aria-labelledby="Ethnic_slurs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_slurs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs" title="List of ethnic slurs">Ethnic slurs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs_by_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity">by ethnicity</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abeed" title="Abeed">Abeed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_(racial_term)" title="Black Diamond (racial term)">Black Diamond</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boerehaat" title="Boerehaat">Boerehaat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Choc_ice" title="Choc ice">Choc ice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cushi" title="Cushi">Cushi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Golliwog" title="Golliwog">Golliwog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kaffir_(racial_term)" title="Kaffir (racial term)">Kaffir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wog" title="Wog">Wog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europeans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_mo" title="Ang mo">Ang mo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bule_(term)" title="Bule (term)">Bule</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cracker_(term)" title="Cracker (term)">Cracker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Farang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guiri" title="Guiri">Guiri</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guizi" title="Guizi">Guizi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gweilo" title="Gweilo">Gweilo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honky" title="Honky">Honky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mat_Salleh" title="Mat Salleh">Mat Salleh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Redleg" title="Redleg">Redleg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wasi%27chu" title="Wasi'chu">Wasi'chu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wigger" title="Wigger">Wigger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wog" title="Wog">Wog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shqiptar#Use_in_South_Slavic_languages" title="Shqiptar">Šiptar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turco-Albanian" title="Turco-Albanian">Turco-Albanian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-British_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-British sentiment">British</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Limey" class="mw-redirect" title="Limey">Limey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_names_for_the_British#Pommy_or_Pom" title="Glossary of names for the British">Pom</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teuchter" title="Teuchter">Teuchter</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlanders</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welsh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crachach" title="Crachach">Crachach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Welsh-speaking elite</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dic_Si%C3%B4n_Dafydd" title="Dic Siôn Dafydd">Dic Siôn Dafydd</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Anglophile Welsh</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sheep_shagger" title="Sheep shagger">Sheep shagger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taffy_was_a_Welshman" title="Taffy was a Welshman">Taffy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dutch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cheesehead" title="Cheesehead">Cheesehead</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chukhna" title="Chukhna">Chukhna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/China_Swede" class="mw-redirect" title="China Swede">China Swede</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnj%C3%A4vel" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnjävel">Finnjävel</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cheese-eating_surrender_monkeys" title="Cheese-eating surrender monkeys">Cheese-eating surrender monkeys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frog_(pejorative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frog (pejorative)">Frog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gabacho" title="Gabacho">Gabacho</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hun_(pejorative)">Hun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kraut" title="Kraut">Kraut</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greeks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grecomans" title="Grecomans">Grecomans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Irish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenian</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicans</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hun<span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Protestant">Irish Protestant</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knacker" title="Knacker">Knacker</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Irish Travellers</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pikey" title="Pikey">Pikey</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Irish Travellers</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shoneenism" title="Shoneenism">Shoneen</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Anglophile Irish</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taig" title="Taig">Taig</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Irish Catholics</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Brit" title="West Brit">West Brit</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Anglophile Irish</i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Dago</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goombah" title="Goombah">Goombah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greaseball</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guido_(slang)" title="Guido (slang)">Guido</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Guinea</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polentone" title="Polentone">Polentone</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italians</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs_by_ethnicity#Sardinians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity">Sardegnolo</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_people" title="Sardinian people">Sardinians</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs_by_ethnicity#Sardinians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity">Sheep shagger</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Sardinians</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrone" title="Terrone">Terrone</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">South Italians</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wop" title="Wop">Wop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wog" title="Wog">Wog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polack" title="Polack">Polack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pshek" class="mw-redirect" title="Pshek">Pshek</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moskal" title="Moskal">Moskal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibla" title="Tibla">Tibla</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment#Hate_speech_and_derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shkije" title="Shkije">Shkije</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serbomans" title="Serbomans">Serbomans</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaniards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Dago</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gachup%C3%ADn" title="Gachupín">Gachupín</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polaco_(slur)" title="Polaco (slur)">Polaco</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Catalan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan people">Catalans</a>)</i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quinqui_jargon" title="Quinqui jargon">Quinqui</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(Mercheros)</i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xarnego" title="Xarnego">Xarnego</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oseledets" title="Oseledets">Khokhol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrop" title="Ukrop">Ukrop</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarophiles" title="Bulgarophiles">Bulgarophiles</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hunky_(ethnic_slur)" title="Hunky (ethnic slur)">Hunky</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>eastern and central europeans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yestonians" title="Yestonians">Yestonians</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russified</a> <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Banana,_Coconut,_and_Twinkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Banana, Coconut, and Twinkie">Banana</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>westernized East Asians</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gook" title="Gook">Gook</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sangokujin" title="Sangokujin">Sangokujin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tokutei_Asia" title="Tokutei Asia">Toku-A</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Chinese and Korean</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Banana,_Coconut,_and_Twinkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Banana, Coconut, and Twinkie">Twinkie</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>westernized East Asians</i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ah_Beng" title="Ah Beng">Ah Beng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinaman" title="Chinaman">Chinaman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ching_chong" title="Ching chong">Ching chong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chink" title="Chink">Chink</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinky" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinky">Chinky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jook-sing" title="Jook-sing">Jook-sing</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas</a></i> / <i>westernized Chinese</i>)</span> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Locust_(ethnic_slur)" title="Locust (ethnic slur)">Locust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shina_(word)" title="Shina (word)">Shina</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jap" title="Jap">Jap</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jjokbari" title="Jjokbari">Jjokbari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nip" title="Nip">Nip</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Riben" title="Xiao Riben">Xiao Riben</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Koreans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ban-jjokbari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban-jjokbari">Ban-jjokbari</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Japan-affiliated Korean people</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaoli_bangzi" title="Gaoli bangzi">Gaoli bangzi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sangokujin" title="Sangokujin">Sangokujin</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>also Chinese</i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tai_Ke" title="Tai Ke">Tai Ke</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Benshengren" title="Benshengren">Benshengren</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian ethnic groups">South Asians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American-Born_Confused_Desi" class="mw-redirect" title="American-Born Confused Desi">American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coconut_(slur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut (slur)">Coconut</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>westernized South Asians</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bengali Hindus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_(term)" title="Bong (term)">Bong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bongal" title="Bongal">Bongal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danchi_babu" title="Danchi babu">Danchi babu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dkhar" title="Dkhar">Dkhar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malaun" title="Malaun">Malaun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(term)" title="Mayang (term)">Mayang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chink#India" title="Chink">Chinki</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast Indians</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">Coolie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keling" title="Keling">Keling</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora#Asia" title="Indian diaspora">Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistanis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paki_(slur)" title="Paki (slur)">Paki</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipinos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment#Derogatory_terms" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rafida" title="Rafida">Rafida</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ites</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raghead" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghead">Raghead</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wog" title="Wog">Wog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Christ killer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_princess_stereotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-American princess stereotype">Jewish-American princess (JAP)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kafir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Khazar</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kike" title="Kike">Kike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marrano</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">Conversos</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cosmopolitan" title="Rootless cosmopolitan">Rootless cosmopolitan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wog" title="Wog">Wog</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekke</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">German Jews</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yid" title="Yid">Yid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhyd" title="Zhyd">Zhyd / Zhydovka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna" title="Żydokomuna">Żydokomuna</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanake" title="Kanake">Kanake</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Didicoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Didicoy">Didicoy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gypsies" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsies">Gypsies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(sometimes used against other semi-nomadic groups)</i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zott" title="Zott">Zott</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceanians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blackfella" title="Blackfella">Blackfella</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hori_(slur)" title="Hori (slur)">Hori</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_(Pacific_Island_worker)" title="Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)">Kanaka</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coconut_(slur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut (slur)">Coconut</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North and South<br />Americans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eskimo" title="Eskimo">Eskimo</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Unangan">Unangan</a></i>)</span>,</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_name_controversy#Controversial_terminology" title="Native American name controversy">Indian/Injun</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> / <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indian</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Redskin" title="Redskin">Redskin/Red Indian</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> / <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Squaw" title="Squaw">Squaw</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> women</i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">Blacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alligator_bait" title="Alligator bait">Alligator bait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_American_princess" title="Black American princess">Black American princess</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_Buck" title="Black Buck">Black Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cocolo" title="Cocolo">Cocolo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colored" title="Colored">Colored</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/House_Negro" class="mw-redirect" title="House Negro">House Negro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_(character)" title="Jim Crow (character)">Jim Crow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Macaca_(term)" title="Macaca (term)">Macaca</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mammy_stereotype" title="Mammy stereotype">Mammy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Negro" title="Negro">Negro</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigger" title="Nigger">Nigger</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nigga" title="Nigga">Nigga</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pickaninny" title="Pickaninny">Pickaninny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rastus" title="Rastus">Rastus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welfare_queen" title="Welfare queen">Queen / Queenie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sambo_(racial_term)" title="Sambo (racial term)">Sambo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schvartze" title="Schvartze">Schvartze</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tar-Baby" title="Tar-Baby">Tar-Baby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom" title="Uncle Tom">Uncle Tom</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">Whites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Becky_(slang)" title="Becky (slang)">Becky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buckra" title="Buckra">Buckra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conch_(people)" title="Conch (people)">Conch</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(<a href="/wiki/Bahamians" title="Bahamians">Bahamians</a> of European descent)</i></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coonass" title="Coonass">Coonass</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cracker_(term)" title="Cracker (term)">Cracker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gringo" title="Gringo">Gringo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Haole" title="Haole">Haole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">Hillbilly / Hilljack</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Honky" title="Honky">Honky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karen_(slang)" title="Karen (slang)">Karen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peckerwood" title="Peckerwood">Peckerwood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Redneck" title="Redneck">Redneck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Yankee" title="Swamp Yankee">Swamp Yankee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trailer_trash" title="Trailer trash">Trailer trash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_trash" title="White trash">White trash</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Whitey_(slang)" title="Whitey (slang)">Whitey</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beaner" title="Beaner">Beaner</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Mexicans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canuck" title="Canuck">Canuck</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Canadians</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Cholo</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizos</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coonass" title="Coonass">Coonass</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greaser_(derogatory)" title="Greaser (derogatory)">Greaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gusano_(slur)" title="Gusano (slur)">Gusano</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Cubans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Half-breed" title="Half-breed">Half-breed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naco_(slang)" title="Naco (slang)">Naco</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newfie" title="Newfie">Newfie</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundlander</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Okie" title="Okie">Okie</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Oklahomans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia#Pindos" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Pindos</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Americans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pocho" title="Pocho">Pocho</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Mexican Americans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roto" title="Roto">Roto</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Chileans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spic" title="Spic">Spic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sudaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudaca">Sudaca</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Central and South Americans</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wetback_(slur)" title="Wetback (slur)">Wetback</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yank / Yankee</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Americans</i>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Outsiders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>non-<a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">Barbarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fresh_off_the_boat" title="Fresh off the boat">Fresh off the boat / F.O.B.</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>immigrant</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gadjo" title="Gadjo">Gadjo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>non-<a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaijin" title="Gaijin">Gaijin</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>non-<a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goy" title="Goy">Goy</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">non-Jew</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kafir</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>non-believer</i>) </span>(pl. <a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kuffar</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laowai" title="Laowai">Laowai</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>non-<a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a></i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Australians" title="New Australians">Reffo / Balt</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savage_(pejorative_term)" title="Savage (pejorative term)">Savage</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i>usually Indigenous, regarded as primitive/uncivilized</i>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shegetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shegetz">Shegetz</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">non-Jewish boy or man</a></i>) </span>(pl. <a href="/wiki/Shkutzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shkutzim">Shkutzim</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shiksa" title="Shiksa">Shiksa</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">non-Jewish woman</a></i>)</span></span></li></ul> 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