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Entusiasme - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ús_històric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ús_històric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ús històric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ús_històric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Entusiasme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 42 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="حماسة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حماسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziazm" title="Entuziazm - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Entuziazm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Энтузіязм - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энтузіязм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Захапленьне - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Захапленьне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Ентусиазъм - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ентусиазъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="پەرۆشی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەرۆشی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziasmus" title="Entuziasmus - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Entuziasmus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entusiasme" title="Entusiasme - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Entusiasme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthusiasmus" title="Enthusiasmus - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enthusiasmus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthusiasm" title="Enthusiasm - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enthusiasm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziasmo" title="Entuziasmo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Entuziasmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entusiasmo" title="Entusiasmo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Entusiasmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogoberotasun" title="Gogoberotasun - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gogoberotasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="اشتیاق (احساس) - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشتیاق (احساس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthousiasme" title="Enthousiasme - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enthousiasme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%BBsjasme" title="Entûsjasme - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Entûsjasme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התלהבות - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התלהבות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odu%C5%A1evljenje" title="Oduševljenje - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oduševljenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelkesed%C3%A9s" title="Lelkesedés - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lelkesedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խանդավառություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խանդավառություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziasmo" title="Entuziasmo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Entuziasmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entusiasmo" title="Entusiasmo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Entusiasmo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%A5%BD" title="愛好 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="愛好" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Шабыт - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шабыт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9" title="ಉತ್ಸಾಹ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉತ್ಸಾಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EA%B4%91" title="열광 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열광" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ентузијазам - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ентузијазам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthousiasme" title="Enthousiasme - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enthousiasme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entusiasmo" title="Entusiasmo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Entusiasmo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Энтузиазм - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энтузиазм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuzijazam" title="Entuzijazam - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Entuzijazam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthusiasm" title="Enthusiasm - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enthusiasm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziazmus" title="Entuziazmus - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Entuziazmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilo" title="Himilo - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Himilo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuziazmi" title="Entuziazmi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Entuziazmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ентузијазам - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ентузијазам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உற்சாகம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உற்சாகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C5%9Fku" title="Coşku - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coşku" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ентузіазм - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ентузіазм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ענטוזיאזם - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענטוזיאזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%BF%83" title="熱心 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="熱心" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia%CC%8Dt-k%C3%B4ng" title="Jia̍t-kông - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jia̍t-kông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q840407#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Entusiasme" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Entusiasme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:#202122;background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Part de la sèrie d'</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3" title="Emoció">Emocions</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg/90px-Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg/135px-Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg/180px-Plutchik-wheel_catalan%C3%A0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="725" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acceptaci%C3%B3_(psicologia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Acceptació (psicologia) (encara no existeix)">Acceptació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afecte" title="Afecte">Afecte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alegria" title="Alegria">Alegria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amor" title="Amor">Amor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angst&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angst (encara no existeix)">Angst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoixa" title="Angoixa">Angoixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansietat" title="Ansietat">Ansietat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticipaci%C3%B3" title="Anticipació">Anticipació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatia" title="Apatia">Apatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penediment" title="Penediment">Penediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoconfian%C3%A7a" title="Autoconfiança">Autoconfiança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avorriment" title="Avorriment">Avorriment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Awe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Awe (encara no existeix)">Awe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassi%C3%B3" title="Compassió">Compassió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confian%C3%A7a" title="Confiança">Confiança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coratge" title="Coratge">Coratge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpabilitat_(emoci%C3%B3)" title="Culpabilitat (emoció)">Culpabilitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiositat" title="Curiositat">Curiositat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decepci%C3%B3" title="Decepció">Decepció</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depressi%C3%B3_(estat_d%27%C3%A0nim)" title="Depressió (estat d&#39;ànim)">Depressió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desesperaci%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Desesperació">Desesperació</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desconfian%C3%A7a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Desconfiança (encara no existeix)">Desconfiança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desig" title="Desig">Desig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disgust" title="Disgust">Disgust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dol" title="Dol">Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolor" title="Dolor">Dolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empatia" title="Empatia">Empatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Entusiasme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enuig" title="Enuig">Enuig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enveja" title="Enveja">Enveja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a" title="Esperança">Esperança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euf%C3%B2ria" title="Eufòria">Eufòria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excitaci%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Excitació (encara no existeix)">Excitació</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88xtasi_(emoci%C3%B3)" title="Èxtasi (emoció)">Èxtasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A0stic" title="Fàstic">Fàstic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicitat" title="Felicitat">Felicitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frustraci%C3%B3" title="Frustració">Frustració</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelosia" title="Gelosia">Gelosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitud" title="Gratitud">Gratitud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror" title="Horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hostilitat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hostilitat (encara no existeix)">Hostilitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliaci%C3%B3" title="Humiliació">Humiliació</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indignaci%C3%B3_(emoci%C3%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Indignació (emoció) (encara no existeix)">Indignació</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inter%C3%A8s_(emoci%C3%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interès (emoció) (encara no existeix)">Interès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux%C3%BAria" title="Luxúria">Luxúria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menyspreu" title="Menyspreu">Menyspreu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mol%C3%A8stia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Molèstia (encara no existeix)">Molèstia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odi" title="Odi">Odi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgull" title="Orgull">Orgull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtorn_de_p%C3%A0nic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transtorn de pànic">Pànic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passi%C3%B3_(emoci%C3%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Passió (emoció) (encara no existeix)">Passió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiment" title="Patiment">Patiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietat" title="Pietat">Pietat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaer" title="Plaer">Plaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Por" title="Por">Por</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preocupaci%C3%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Preocupació (encara no existeix)">Preocupació</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A0bia_(emoci%C3%B3)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ràbia (emoció) (encara no existeix)">Ràbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebuig_social" title="Rebuig social">Rebuig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remordiment" title="Remordiment">Remordiment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ressentiment&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ressentiment (encara no existeix)">Ressentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satisfacci%C3%B3" title="Satisfacció">Satisfacció</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saudade" title="Saudade">Saudade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schadenfreude&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Schadenfreude (encara no existeix)">Schadenfreude</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soledat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Soledat (encara no existeix)">Soledat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorpresa" title="Sorpresa">Sorpresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timidesa" title="Timidesa">Timidesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristesa" title="Tristesa">Tristesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergonya" title="Vergonya">Vergonya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reacci%C3%B3_d%27estr%C3%A8s_agut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reacció d&#39;estrès agut (encara no existeix)">Xoc</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Emocions" title="Plantilla:Emocions"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'<b>entusiasme</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3" title="Emoció">emoció</a> caracteritzada per una <a href="/wiki/Alegria" title="Alegria">alegria</a> intensa, propera a l'<a href="/wiki/Euf%C3%B2ria" title="Eufòria">eufòria</a>. És un <a href="/wiki/Gaudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaudi">gaudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inter%C3%A8s" title="Interès">interès</a>, o aprovació intensos. Originàriament la paraula es va usar per referir-se a una persona poseïda per la divinitat, però en el seu ús modern s'assimila a una passió lligada a la voluntat d'actuar o bé a una recepció exaltada d'una experiència. L'entusiasme pot ser endogen o exogen, segons el factor que el desencadena sigui intern o aliè al subjecte.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seria així un component essencial de la felicitat,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> en tant que porta a viure amb <a href="/wiki/Optimisme" title="Optimisme">optimisme</a> i una actitud vital. Ajuda a tenir una alta <a href="/wiki/Motivaci%C3%B3" title="Motivació">motivació</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ús_històric"><span id=".C3.9As_hist.C3.B2ric"></span>Ús històric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entusiasme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Ús històric"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La paraula s'origina del <a href="/wiki/Llengua_grega" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua grega">grec</a> <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἐνθουσιασμός"> ἐνθουσιασμός</a> de <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%90%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἐν"> ἐν</a> i <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:θεός"> θεός</a> i <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BF%E1%BD%90%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:οὐσία"> οὐσία</a>, que significa "posseït per l'essència de Déu". Era aplicada pels <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">grecs</a> a manifestacions de la possessió divina, per <a href="/wiki/Apol%C2%B7lo" title="Apol·lo">Apol·lo</a> (com en el cas de la Pythia), o per <a href="/wiki/Dion%C3%ADs" title="Dionís">Dionís</a> (com en el cas dels <a href="/wiki/Bacant" title="Bacant">bacants</a> i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8nades" title="Mènades">mènades</a>). El terme entusiasme també es va utilitzar en un sentit transferit o figuratiu. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2crates" title="Sòcrates">Sòcrates</a> va ensenyar que la inspiració de <a href="/wiki/Poeta" title="Poeta">poeta</a> és una forma d'entusiasme. El terme es va limitar a una creença en la inspiració religiosa, o amb un intens fervor religiós o <a href="/wiki/Emoci%C3%B3" title="Emoció">emoció</a>. </p><p>Per això, una secta <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirià">sirià</a> del segle IV es coneixia com els <i>entusiastes</i>. Van creure que per la pregària perpètua, les pràctiques ascètiques i la contemplació, l'home podia convertir-se en inspirat per l'Esperit Sant, malgrat l'esperit malvat governant. Per la seva creença en l'eficàcia de l'oració, també es van conèixer com Euquites. </p><p>També se'n diu <i>entusiastes</i> de diverses <a href="/wiki/Denominacions_cristianes" class="mw-redirect" title="Denominacions cristianes">denominacions</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">protestants</a> que van sorgir als segles&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> i <span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>, especialment aquelles que practiquen les Reunions de Reavivament. Durant els anys immediatament després de la <a href="/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3_Gloriosa" title="Revolució Gloriosa">Revolució Gloriosa</a>, <i>entusiasme</i> era a Gran Bretanya un terme pejoratiu referit a la promoció de qualsevol causa política o religiosa en públic, és a dir, el <a href="/wiki/Fanatisme" title="Fanatisme">fanatisme</a>. S'entenia que aquest "entusiasme" era la causa de la guerra civil del segle anterior i les seves atrocitats subsegüents i, per tant, era un pecat social el recordar als altres la guerra. Els estatuts de la <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> establien que qualsevol que duscutís de religió o de política en una reunió de la Societat havia de ser expulsat per ser un entusiasta". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entusiasme&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enthusiasm" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Enthusiasm">Entusiasme</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ALBUQUERQUE, Jamil. A Lei do Triunfo para o século 21. São Paulo: Napoleon Hill, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-85-63149-00-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-85-63149-00-8">ISBN 978-85-63149-00-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRussell1996"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Russell</span>, Bertrand. <i>The Conquest of Happiness</i>.&#32; Liveright,&#32;1996. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780871401625" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780871401625">ISBN 9780871401625</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Conquest+of+Happiness&amp;rft.aulast=Russell&amp;rft.aufirst=Bertrand&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.pub=Liveright&amp;rft.isbn=9780871401625"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d&#39;autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX531839">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119823166">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4152356-8">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85044112">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC">SUDOC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/02787477X">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases d'informació</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEC" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC">GEC</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/entusiasme-0">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span style="display: none;" class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/entusiasme" class="extiw" title="wikt:entusiasme">Viccionari</a></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐864bbfd546‐8pmb5 Cached time: 20241130195554 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.119 seconds Real time usage: 0.212 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 576/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13566/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 642/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2514/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.043/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1440291/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 173.795 1 -total 32.01% 55.638 1 Plantilla:Commonscat 27.79% 48.293 1 Plantilla:Sister 26.62% 46.270 1 Plantilla:Caixa_lateral 25.28% 43.940 1 Plantilla:Autoritat 19.40% 33.721 1 Plantilla:Emocions 18.79% 32.652 1 Plantilla:Referències 17.27% 30.020 1 Plantilla:Sidebar 11.41% 19.826 1 Plantilla:Ref-llibre 6.48% 11.269 1 Plantilla:If_both --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:1249953:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241130195554 and revision id 32658550. 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