CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html data-n-head-ssr lang="en" data-n-head="%7B%22lang%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22en%22%7D%7D"> <head > <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_16-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_32-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <link data-n-head="ssr" rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" sizes="180x180" href="https://brand.frontiersin.org/m/ed3f9ce840a03d7/favicon_180-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png"> <title>Frontiers | Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="charset" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="mobile-web-app-capable" name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="apple-mobile-web-app-title" name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Frontiers | Articles"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="theme-color" name="theme-color" content="#0C4DED"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="description" property="description" name="description" content="Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their ver..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:title" property="og:title" name="title" content="Frontiers | Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:description" property="og:description" name="description" content="Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their ver..."><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="keywords" name="keywords" content="LHCb,Trigger,Rta,LLP,gpu,SCIFI,BSM"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:site_name" property="og:site_name" name="site_name" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:image" property="og:image" name="image" content="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=1200&f=png/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:type" property="og:type" name="type" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="og:url" property="og:url" name="url" content="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="twitter:card" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_volume" name="citation_volume" content="5"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_title" name="citation_journal_title" content="Frontiers in Big Data"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_publisher" name="citation_publisher" content="Frontiers"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_journal_abbrev" name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Front. Big Data"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_issn" name="citation_issn" content="2624-909X"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_doi" name="citation_doi" content="10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_firstpage" name="citation_firstpage" content="1008737"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_language" name="citation_language" content="English"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_title" name="citation_title" content="Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_keywords" name="citation_keywords" content="LHCb; Trigger; Rta; LLP; gpu; SCIFI; BSM"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_abstract" name="citation_abstract" content="<p>Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their very displaced vertices. This study evaluated the ability of the trigger algorithms used in the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment to detect long-lived particles and attempted to adapt them to enhance the sensitivity of this experiment to undiscovered long-lived particles. A model with a Higgs portal to a dark sector is tested, and the sensitivity reach is discussed. In the LHCb tracking system, the farthest tracking station from the collision point is the scintillating fiber tracker, the SciFi detector. One of the challenges in the track reconstruction is to deal with the large amount of and combinatorics of hits in the LHCb detector. A dedicated algorithm has been developed to cope with the large data output. When fully implemented, this algorithm would greatly increase the available statistics for any long-lived particle search in the forward region and would additionally improve the sensitivity of analyses dealing with Standard Model particles of large lifetime, such as <inline-formula><mml:math id="M1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> or 螞<sup>0</sup> hadrons.</p>"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_pdf_url" name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/pdf"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_online_date" name="citation_online_date" content="2022/10/03"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_publication_date" name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/11/07"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_0" name="citation_author" content="Calefice, Lukas"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_0" name="citation_author_institution" content="Laboratoire de Physique Nucl茅aire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Universit茅, CNRS/IN2P3, France"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_1" name="citation_author" content="Hennequin, Arthur"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_1" name="citation_author_institution" content="Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_2" name="citation_author" content="Henry, Louis"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_2" name="citation_author_institution" content="European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_3" name="citation_author" content="Jashal, Brij"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_3" name="citation_author_institution" content="European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_4" name="citation_author" content="Mendoza, Diego"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_4" name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_5" name="citation_author" content="Oyanguren, Arantza"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_5" name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_6" name="citation_author" content="Sanderswood, Izaac"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_6" name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_7" name="citation_author" content="Sierra, Carlos V谩zquez"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_7" name="citation_author_institution" content="European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_8" name="citation_author" content="Zhuo, Jiahui"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_8" name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia, Spain"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_9" name="citation_author" content=", Part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="citation_author_institution_9" name="citation_author_institution" content="Laboratoire de Physique Nucl茅aire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Universit茅, CNRS/IN2P3, France"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="dc.identifier" name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="manifest" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/manifest.c499fc0a.json" data-hid="manifest"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="canonical" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full"><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="newrelic-browser-script" type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"598a124f17","applicationID":"588603994","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":3.338461,"transactionName":"MQcDMkECCkNSW0YMWghNIgldDQFTRxd1IGFJTQ==","queueTime":0,"ttGuid":"1228913ce3313e26"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"594400880",accountID:"230385",trustKey:"230385",xpid:"VgUHUl5WGwYIXFdSBAgOUg==",licenseKey:"598a124f17",applicationID:"588603994"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.281.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},f={},h="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.281.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit","popstate"],o="api",a="initialPageLoad",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",E="cb"+R,T="jsTime",A="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E="api-",A=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.281.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.281.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-jmvAlmjCn64ans8tLueqHRlBI/iWekylsDWb94A77CG0ukSriVDvgD3dThx+XjUSBBBMYhFn8B1a18fViyBPEQ==",249:"sha512-ICY/ZrcytM/86t5KFy+9OAWVYmNNJy10EBtxoSUGjQWuZx53p/eLo+L8HfrGjvHuRHRnutqLTGSnvNttffJkaA==",212:"sha512-pQSn+X/RfBOvx/49HvlghaiXMLhhDQXTi13n1N2XMpDquWJgs9U0pbqE3RbAnYC9nsdaTu/RVGvneEPv1fpCxA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.281.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(_.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Ee,Lc:Te,uP:Ae,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Ee;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ee,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(_e.H3,"_").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+"-done",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,$e,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,T.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/75f1046.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/2abb6c5.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/66101cf.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/701e3a3.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/dac93f2.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/c9b2266.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/a5e7651.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/e5cdfa1.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/f548f7f.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/868b092.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/e3c5a8f.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/0ae7120.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/d89174d.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/ed7fc59.js" as="script"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/66101cf.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/dac93f2.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/e5cdfa1.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/868b092.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/article-pages/_nuxt/css/0ae7120.css"> <meta property="fb:admins" content="1841006843"> </head> <body > <button class="BypassBlock__firstEl"></button> <a href="#main-content" class="BypassBlock__wrapper"> <span class="BypassBlock__button">Skip to main content</span> </a>  <noscript> <iframe src="https://tag-manager.frontiersin.org/ns.html?id=GTM-M322FV2&gtm_auth=owVbWxfaJr21yQv1fe1cAQ&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div data-server-rendered="true" id="__nuxt"><div id="__layout"><div theme="purple" class="ArticleLayout"><nav class="Ibar"><div class="Ibar__main"><div class="Ibar__wrapper"><button aria-label="Open Menu" data-event="iBar-btn-openMenu" class="Ibar__burger"></button> <div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div> <a aria-label="Frontiers in Big Data" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data" data-event="iBar-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div logoClass="Ibar__logo--mixed" class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Big Data</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBar" class="Ibar__dropdown Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About us </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals" class="Ibar__link">All journals</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles" class="Ibar__link">All articles</a> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=1&fieldid=115&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=1380" data-event="iBar-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit">Submit your research</a> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <a href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search" class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search"><span>Search</span></a>    <div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__menu Ibar__menu--journal"><div class="Ibar__menu__header"><div class="Ibar__logo"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div></div> <button aria-label="Close Menu" data-event="iBarMenu-btn-closeMenu" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__menu__wrapper"><div class="Ibar__menu__journal"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data" data-event="iBarMenu-a-journalHome"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Big Data</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-networks" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1043">Big Data Networks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-and-ai-in-high-energy-physics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1499">Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/cybersecurity-and-privacy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1384">Cybersecurity and Privacy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-analytics-for-social-impact" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1970">Data Analytics for Social Impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-mining-and-management" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1388">Data Mining and Management</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-science" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1945">Data Science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-driven-climate-sciences" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1389">Data-driven Climate Sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1381">Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/medicine-and-public-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1383">Medicine and Public Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/recommender-systems" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2230">Recommender Systems</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div parent-data-event="iBarMenu" class="Ibar__dropdown Ibar__dropdown--aboutUs"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About us </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About us </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Who we are</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/mission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Mission and values</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/history" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">History</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/leadership" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Leadership</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/awards" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_0-a_whoWeAre">Awards</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Impact and progress</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/impact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Frontiers' impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://progressreport.frontiersin.org/?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">Progress Report 2022</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/progress-reports" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_1-a_impactAndProgress">All progress reports</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Publishing model</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">How we publish</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Open access</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Fee policy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/peer-review" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Peer review</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research integrity</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_2-a_publishingModel">Research Topics</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Services</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://publishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Societies</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/open-access-agreements/consortia" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">National consortia</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/open-access-agreements" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Institutional partnerships</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/collaborators" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_3-a_services">Collaborators</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">More from Frontiers</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Forum</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://pressoffice.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Press office</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.orgabout/sustainability" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Sustainability</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Career opportunities</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutUs_4-a_moreFromFrontiers">Contact us</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" data-event="iBar-a-allJournals" class="Ibar__link">All journals</a><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" data-event="iBar-a-allArticles" class="Ibar__link">All articles</a>    <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=1&fieldid=115&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=1380" data-event="iBarMenu-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit">Submit your research</a></div></div> <div class="Ibar__journal"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><a aria-label="Frontiers in Big Data" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Big Data</span></div></div></a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-networks" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1043">Big Data Networks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-and-ai-in-high-energy-physics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1499">Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/cybersecurity-and-privacy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1384">Cybersecurity and Privacy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-analytics-for-social-impact" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1970">Data Analytics for Social Impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-mining-and-management" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1388">Data Mining and Management</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-science" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1945">Data Science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-driven-climate-sciences" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1389">Data-driven Climate Sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1381">Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/medicine-and-public-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1383">Medicine and Public Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/recommender-systems" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2230">Recommender Systems</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__journal Ibar__journal--mix"><div class="Ibar__wrapper Ibar__wrapper--journal"><div class="Ibar__logo"><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/" aria-label="Frontiershome" data-event="iBar-a-home" class="Ibar__logo__link"><svg viewBox="0 0 2811 590" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="Ibar__logo__svg"><path d="M633.872 234.191h-42.674v-57.246h42.674c0-19.776 2.082-35.389 5.204-48.92 4.164-13.53 9.368-23.939 17.695-31.225 8.326-8.326 18.735-13.53 32.266-16.653 13.531-3.123 29.143-5.204 47.878-5.204h21.858c7.286 0 14.572 1.04 21.857 1.04v62.451c-8.326-1.041-16.653-2.082-23.939-2.082-10.408 0-17.694 1.041-23.939 4.164-6.245 3.122-9.368 10.408-9.368 22.898v13.531h53.083v57.246h-53.083v213.372h-89.512V234.191zM794.161 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.041c6.245-17.694 16.653-30.185 31.225-39.552 14.572-9.368 31.225-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.409c3.122 0 7.286 1.041 10.408 2.082v81.185c-6.245-2.082-11.449-3.122-16.653-4.163-5.204-1.041-11.449-1.041-16.654-1.041-11.449 0-20.816 2.082-29.143 5.204-8.327 3.123-15.613 8.327-20.817 14.572-5.204 6.245-10.408 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.123 8.326-4.163 15.612-4.163 23.939v133.228h-88.472V176.945h-1.041zM989.84 312.254c0-19.776 3.122-39.552 10.41-56.205 7.28-17.695 16.65-32.266 29.14-45.797 12.49-13.531 27.06-22.899 44.76-30.185 17.69-7.285 36.43-11.449 57.24-11.449 20.82 0 39.56 4.164 57.25 11.449 17.69 7.286 32.27 17.695 45.8 30.185 12.49 12.49 22.9 28.102 29.14 45.797 7.29 17.694 10.41 36.429 10.41 56.205 0 20.817-3.12 39.552-10.41 57.246-7.29 17.695-16.65 32.266-29.14 44.756-12.49 12.49-28.11 22.899-45.8 30.185-17.69 7.286-36.43 11.449-57.25 11.449-20.81 0-40.59-4.163-57.24-11.449-17.7-7.286-32.27-17.695-44.76-30.185-12.49-12.49-21.86-28.102-29.14-44.756-7.288-17.694-10.41-36.429-10.41-57.246zm88.47 0c0 8.327 1.04 17.694 3.12 26.021 2.09 9.368 5.21 16.653 9.37 23.939 4.16 7.286 9.37 13.531 16.65 17.695 7.29 4.163 15.62 7.285 26.03 7.285 10.4 0 18.73-2.081 26.02-7.285 7.28-4.164 12.49-10.409 16.65-17.695 4.16-7.286 7.29-15.612 9.37-23.939 2.08-9.368 3.12-17.694 3.12-26.021 0-8.327-1.04-17.694-3.12-26.021-2.08-9.368-5.21-16.653-9.37-23.939-4.16-7.286-9.37-13.531-16.65-17.695-7.29-5.204-15.62-7.285-26.02-7.285-10.41 0-18.74 2.081-26.03 7.285-7.28 5.205-12.49 10.409-16.65 17.695-4.16 7.286-7.28 15.612-9.37 23.939-2.08 9.368-3.12 17.694-3.12 26.021zM1306.25 176.945h86.39v37.47h1.04c4.17-7.286 9.37-13.531 15.62-18.735 6.24-5.204 13.53-10.408 20.81-14.572 7.29-4.163 15.62-7.286 23.94-9.367 8.33-2.082 16.66-3.123 24.98-3.123 22.9 0 40.6 4.164 53.09 11.449 13.53 7.286 22.89 16.654 29.14 27.062 6.24 10.409 10.41 21.858 12.49 34.348 2.08 12.49 2.08 22.898 2.08 33.307v172.779h-88.47V316.417v-27.061c0-9.368-1.04-16.654-4.16-23.94-3.13-7.286-7.29-12.49-13.53-16.653-6.25-4.164-15.62-6.245-27.07-6.245-8.32 0-15.61 2.081-21.85 5.204-6.25 3.122-11.45 7.286-14.58 13.531-4.16 5.204-6.24 11.449-8.32 18.735s-3.12 14.572-3.12 21.858v145.717h-88.48V176.945zM1780.88 234.19h-55.17v122.819c0 10.408 3.12 17.694 8.33 20.817 6.24 3.122 13.53 5.204 22.9 5.204 4.16 0 7.28 0 11.45-1.041h11.45v65.573c-8.33 0-15.62 1.041-23.94 2.082-8.33 1.04-16.66 1.041-23.94 1.041-18.74 0-34.35-2.082-46.84-5.205-12.49-3.122-21.86-8.326-29.14-15.612-7.29-7.286-12.49-16.654-14.58-29.144-3.12-12.49-4.16-27.062-4.16-45.797V234.19h-44.76v-57.246h44.76V94.717h88.47v82.227h55.17v57.246zM1902.66 143.639h-88.48V75.984h88.48v67.655zm-89.52 33.307h88.48v270.618h-88.48V176.946zM2024.43 334.111c1.04 18.735 6.25 33.307 16.66 44.756 10.4 11.449 24.98 16.653 43.71 16.653 10.41 0 20.82-2.081 30.19-7.286 9.36-5.204 16.65-12.49 20.81-22.898h83.27c-4.16 15.613-10.41 29.144-19.78 40.593-9.36 11.449-19.77 20.817-31.22 28.102-12.49 7.286-24.98 12.491-39.55 16.654-14.57 3.122-29.15 5.204-43.72 5.204-21.86 0-41.63-3.122-60.37-9.367-18.73-6.246-34.34-15.613-46.83-28.103-12.49-12.49-22.9-27.062-30.19-45.797-7.28-17.694-10.41-38.511-10.41-60.369 0-20.817 4.17-39.552 11.45-57.246 7.29-17.694 17.7-32.266 31.23-44.756 13.53-12.49 29.14-21.858 46.83-29.144 17.7-7.286 36.43-10.408 56.21-10.408 23.94 0 45.8 4.163 63.49 12.49 17.7 8.327 33.31 19.776 44.76 35.389 11.45 15.612 20.81 32.266 26.02 52.042 5.2 19.776 8.33 41.633 7.28 64.532h-199.84v-1.041zm110.33-49.961c-1.04-15.612-6.24-28.102-15.61-39.551-9.37-10.409-21.86-16.654-37.47-16.654s-28.1 5.204-38.51 15.613c-10.41 10.408-16.66 23.939-18.74 40.592h110.33zM2254.46 176.945h86.39v47.879h1.04c6.25-17.694 16.65-30.185 31.23-39.552 14.57-9.368 31.22-13.531 49.96-13.531h10.4c3.13 0 7.29 1.041 10.41 2.082v81.185c-6.24-2.082-11.45-3.122-16.65-4.163-5.21-1.041-11.45-1.041-16.65-1.041-11.45 0-20.82 2.082-29.15 5.204-8.32 3.123-15.61 8.327-20.81 14.572-6.25 6.245-10.41 12.49-12.49 20.817-3.13 8.326-4.17 15.612-4.17 23.939v133.228h-88.47V176.945h-1.04zM2534.45 359.091c0 7.286 1.04 12.49 4.16 17.694 3.12 5.204 6.24 9.368 10.41 12.49 4.16 3.123 9.36 5.204 14.57 7.286 6.24 2.082 11.45 2.082 17.69 2.082 4.17 0 8.33 0 13.53-2.082 5.21-1.041 9.37-3.123 13.53-5.204 4.17-2.082 7.29-5.204 10.41-9.368 3.13-4.163 4.17-8.327 4.17-13.531 0-5.204-2.09-9.367-5.21-12.49-3.12-3.122-7.28-6.245-11.45-8.327-4.16-2.081-9.36-4.163-14.57-5.204-5.2-1.041-9.37-2.081-13.53-3.122-13.53-3.123-28.1-6.245-42.67-9.368-14.58-3.122-28.11-7.286-40.6-12.49-12.49-6.245-22.9-13.531-30.18-23.939-8.33-10.409-11.45-23.94-11.45-42.675 0-16.653 4.16-30.184 11.45-40.592 8.33-10.409 17.69-18.736 30.18-24.981 12.49-6.245 26.02-10.408 40.6-13.53 14.57-3.123 28.1-4.164 41.63-4.164 14.57 0 29.14 1.041 43.71 4.164 14.58 2.081 27.07 7.285 39.56 13.53 12.49 6.245 21.85 15.613 29.14 27.062 7.29 11.45 11.45 26.021 12.49 43.716h-82.23c0-10.409-4.16-18.736-11.45-23.94-7.28-4.163-16.65-7.286-28.1-7.286-4.16 0-8.32 0-12.49 1.041-4.16 1.041-8.32 1.041-12.49 2.082-4.16 1.041-7.28 3.122-9.37 6.245-2.08 3.122-4.16 6.245-4.16 11.449 0 6.245 3.12 11.449 10.41 15.613 6.24 4.163 14.57 7.286 24.98 10.408 10.41 2.082 20.82 5.204 32.27 7.286 11.44 2.082 22.89 4.163 33.3 6.245 13.53 3.123 24.98 7.286 33.31 13.531 9.37 6.245 15.61 12.49 20.82 19.776 5.2 7.286 9.36 14.572 11.45 21.858 2.08 7.285 3.12 13.53 3.12 19.776 0 17.694-4.17 33.306-11.45 45.796-8.33 12.491-17.7 21.858-30.19 30.185-12.49 7.286-26.02 12.49-41.63 16.653-15.61 3.123-31.22 5.204-45.8 5.204-15.61 0-32.26-1.04-47.87-4.163-15.62-3.122-29.15-8.327-41.64-15.612a83.855 83.855 0 01-30.18-30.185c-8.33-12.49-12.49-28.102-12.49-46.838h84.31v-2.081z" fill="#FFFFFF" class="Ibar__logo__text"></path> <path d="M0 481.911V281.028l187.351-58.287v200.882L0 481.911z" fill="#8BC53F"></path> <path d="M187.351 423.623V222.741l126.983 87.431v200.882l-126.983-87.431z" fill="#EBD417"></path> <path d="M126.982 569.341L0 481.911l187.351-58.287 126.983 87.43-187.352 58.287z" fill="#034EA1"></path> <path d="M183.188 212.331l51.001-116.574 65.573 155.085-51.001 116.574-65.573-155.085z" fill="#712E74"></path> <path d="M248.761 367.415l51.001-116.574 171.739-28.102-49.96 115.533-172.78 29.143z" fill="#009FD1"></path> <path d="M299.762 250.842L234.189 95.757l171.739-28.103 65.573 155.085-171.739 28.103z" fill="#F6921E"></path> <path d="M187.352 222.741L59.328 198.802 44.757 71.819 172.78 95.76l14.572 126.982z" fill="#DA2128"></path> <path d="M172.78 95.758L44.757 71.818l70.777-70.776 128.023 23.94-70.777 70.776z" fill="#25BCBD"></path> <path d="M258.129 153.005l-70.777 69.736-14.571-126.982 70.777-70.778 14.571 128.024z" fill="#00844A"></path></svg></a></div> <a aria-label="Frontiers in Big Data" href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data" data-event="iBarJournal-a-journalHome" class="Ibar__journalName"><div logoClass="Ibar__logo--mixed" class="Ibar__journalName__container"><div class="Ibar__journal__maskLogo" style="display:none;"><img src="" class="Ibar__journal__logo"></div> <div class="Ibar__journalName"><span>Frontiers in</span> <span> Big Data</span></div></div></a> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> Sections </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> Sections </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <ul class="Ibar__dropdown__sections"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-networks" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1043">Big Data Networks</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/big-data-and-ai-in-high-energy-physics" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1499">Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/cybersecurity-and-privacy" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1384">Cybersecurity and Privacy</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-analytics-for-social-impact" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1970">Data Analytics for Social Impact</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-mining-and-management" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1388">Data Mining and Management</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-science" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1945">Data Science</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/data-driven-climate-sciences" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1389">Data-driven Climate Sciences</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1381">Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/medicine-and-public-health" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_1383">Medicine and Public Health</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__sections__item"><a href="/journals/big-data/sections/recommender-systems" data-event="iBarJournal-sections-a_id_2230">Recommender Systems</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles" data-event="iBar-a-articles" class="Ibar__link">Articles</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/research-topics" data-event="iBar-a-researchTopics" class="Ibar__link">Research Topics</a><a href="//www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/editors" data-event="iBar-a-editorialBoard" class="Ibar__link">Editorial board</a> <div parent-data-event="iBarJournal" class="Ibar__dropdown"><button class="Ibar__dropdown__trigger"> About journal </button> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu"><div class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header"><button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__dropdown__menu__header__title"> About journal </button> <button aria-label="Close Dropdown" class="Ibar__close"></button></div> <div class="Ibar__dropdown__about"><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">Scope</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-editors" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Field chief editors</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-scope" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Mission & scope</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-facts" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Facts</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-submission" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Journal sections</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-open" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Open access statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#copyright-statement" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Copyright statement</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/about#about-quality" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_0-a_scope">Quality</a></li></ul><ul class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block"><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__title">For authors</li> <li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/why-submit" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Why submit?</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/article-types" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Article types</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Author guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Editor guidelines</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/publishing-fees" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Publishing fees</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/submission-checklist" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Submission checklist</a></li><li class="Ibar__dropdown__about__block__item"><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/for-authors/contact-editorial-office" target="_self" data-event="iBar-aboutJournal_1-a_forAuthors">Contact editorial office</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="Ibar__spacer"></div> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit?domainid=1&fieldid=115&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=1380" data-event="iBarJournal-a-submit" class="Ibar__button Ibar__submit"><span>Submit</span> <span>聽your research</span></a> <a href="/search" aria-label="Search" data-event="iBar-a-search" class="Ibar__icon Ibar__icon--search"><span>Search</span></a>    <div class="Ibar__userArea"></div></div></div></nav> <div class="ArticlePage"><div><div class="Layout Layout--withAside Layout--withIbarMix ArticleDetails"> <main class="Layout__main"> <div class="ArticleDetails__main"><div class="ArticleLayoutHeader"><div class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info"><p class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__title"> ORIGINAL RESEARCH article </p> <p class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"><span>Front. Big Data</span> <span>, 07 November 2022</span></p> <p class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__journalDate"> Sec. Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics </p> <p class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doiVolume"><span> Volume 5 - 2022 | </span> <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737" class="ArticleLayoutHeader__info__doi"> https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737 </a></p> </div>  <p class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT"><span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__label">This article is part of the Research Topic</span> <span class="ArticleLayoutHeader__isPartOfRT__title">Hunting for New Physics: Triggering, Real-Time Analysis and Anomaly Detection in High Energy Physics</span> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View all 5 articles" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/23763/hunting-for-new-physics-triggering-real-time-analysis-and-anomaly-detection-in-high-energy-physics/articles" target="_self" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewAll5Articles" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View all 5 articles</span></a></span></p></div> <div class="ArticleDetails__main__content"><div class="ArticleDetails__main__content__main ArticleDetails__main__content__main--fullArticle"><div class="JournalAbstract"><div class="JournalAbstract__titleWrapper"><h1>Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb</h1> </div> </div> <div class="JournalFullText"><div class="JournalAbstract"> <a id="h1" name="h1"></a> <div class="authors"><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"> <img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="\nLukas Calefice," onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Lukas Calefice<sup>1,2</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="Arthur Hennequin" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Arthur Hennequin<sup>3</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1974290" class="user-id-1974290"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1974290/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Louis Henry">Louis Henry</a><sup>4</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2058328" class="user-id-2058328"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2058328/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Brij Jashal">Brij Jashal</a><sup>4</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2036716" class="user-id-2036716"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/2036716/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Diego Mendoza">Diego Mendoza</a><sup>5</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1601843" class="user-id-1601843"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1601843/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Arantza Oyanguren
">Arantza Oyanguren</a><sup>5</sup><sup>*</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="Izaac Sanderswood" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Izaac Sanderswood<sup>5</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg" alt="Carlos Vzquez Sierra" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';">Carlos Vázquez Sierra<sup>4</sup></span><span class="author-wrapper notranslate"><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1994727" class="user-id-1994727"><img class="pr5" src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1994727/74" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='https://loop.frontiersin.org/cdn/images/profile/default_32.jpg';" alt="Jiahui Zhuo and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration">Jiahui Zhuo</a><sup>5</sup> and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration</span></div> <ul class="notes"> <li><span><sup>1</sup></span>Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France</li> <li><span><sup>2</sup></span>Fakultät Physik, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</li> <li><span><sup>3</sup></span>Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States</li> <li><span><sup>4</sup></span>European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland</li> <li><span><sup>5</sup></span>Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain</li> </ul> <p>Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their very displaced vertices. This study evaluated the ability of the trigger algorithms used in the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment to detect long-lived particles and attempted to adapt them to enhance the sensitivity of this experiment to undiscovered long-lived particles. A model with a Higgs portal to a dark sector is tested, and the sensitivity reach is discussed. In the LHCb tracking system, the farthest tracking station from the collision point is the scintillating fiber tracker, the SciFi detector. One of the challenges in the track reconstruction is to deal with the large amount of and combinatorics of hits in the LHCb detector. A dedicated algorithm has been developed to cope with the large data output. When fully implemented, this algorithm would greatly increase the available statistics for any long-lived particle search in the forward region and would additionally improve the sensitivity of analyses dealing with Standard Model particles of large lifetime, such as <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> or Λ<sup>0</sup> hadrons.</p> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="JournalFullText"> <a id="h2" name="h2"></a><h2>1. Introduction</h2> <p class="mb15">The Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) (<a href="#B5">Alves et al., 2008</a>) is one of the experiments based at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that aims to explore the limitations of the well-tested Standard Model of particle physics. The imbalance of matter and antimatter in the Universe, the presence of neutrino masses, and the nature of dark matter are some examples of open questions for models of undiscovered physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) that has been proposed.</p> <p class="mb0">The observation of the new processes that may be currently indiscernible is directly related to the accelerator luminosity. To meet the new challenges posed by Run 3 data taking at the LHC, the LHCb detector has undergone a major upgrade (<a href="#B10">LHCb, 2014a</a>) to run at a higher luminosity of <math><msub><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">L</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mstyle class="mbox"><mtext>inst</mtext></mstyle></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>33</mn></mrow></msup><mtext>c</mtext><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. This luminosity corresponds to an averaged bunch collision frequency of 30 MHz, from where the full detector readout produces around 4 TB/s of raw data. To handle such detector occupancy and to search for rare processes among well-known SM events are computing challenges managed by the <i>trigger</i> system. The trigger system decides what information is recorded for later analysis. It must use simplified criteria to maintain a minimal latency. The previously used L0 hardware system is not suitable for such a high luminosity. Therefore, the LHCb trigger has been redesigned to remove the L0 hardware system and rely on a fully-software based architecture, which consists of two stages: HLT1 and HLT2 (<a href="#B12">LHCb, 2020</a>), explained in the following sections.</p> <a id="h3" name="h3"></a><h2>2. Materials and methods</h2> <h3 class="pt0">2.1. The LHCb detector</h3> <p class="mb15">The upgraded LHCb detector, which will be operating during Run 3, detailed by <a href="#B6">Bediaga et al. (2012)</a>, is summarized below. The most important detector improvements as compared to the previous detector (<a href="#B5">Alves et al., 2008</a>) are the new tracking system and the readout architecture. The readout architecture uses a purely software-based trigger that enables data to be recorded at five times the previous rate, and increases the acceptance of purely hadronic b decays by up to a factor of 2. LHCb is comprised of a tracking system (Vertex Locator, Upstream Tracker, and SciFi tracker), as well as two Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors, a hadronic calorimeter, and an electromagnetic and muon chambers. These are summarized below.</p> <p class="mb0">The VErtex LOcator (VELO) is based on pixelated-silicon sensors and is critical to determine the decay vertices of b and c flavored hadrons. The Upstream Tracker, UT, contains vertically-segmented silicon strips and continues the tracking upstream of the VELO. It is also used to determine the momentum of charged particles with Δ<i>p</i>/<i>p</i> ≈ 10% and is useful for removing low-momentum tracks from being extrapolated downstream, thus speeding up the software trigger by about a factor of 3. Tracking after the magnet is handled by the new scintillating fiber-based Scintillating Fiber detector (SciFi). Two Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detectors supply particle identification. RICH1 is mainly for lower momentum particles and RICH2 is for higher momentum ones. The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) identifies electrons and reconstructs photons and neutral pions. The Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL) measures the energy deposits of hadrons, and the muon chambers M2-M5 are mostly used for muon identification. <a href="#F1">Figure 1</a> shows the LHCb upgrade detector.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 1</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" name="figure1" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F1" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 1</b>. Sketch of the new LHCb detector.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <h3>2.2. The LHCb event-builder</h3> <p class="mb0">The main goal of the upgraded LHCb data-acquisition system is to enable the event filter to efficiently select events based on the full data readout from the detectors. The heart of the LHCb online system is the event builder, which is capable of collecting and aggregating data fragments coming from the FPGA front-ends of the various sub-detectors at the full collision rate of 30 MHz (<a href="#B11">LHCb, 2014b</a>). The data size of a full event during the Run 3 is expected to be as high as 150 kB. Therefore, taking into account the data packed and the transfer protocol overheads, the new event builder has to sustain a throughput of up to 40 Tb/s. The event builder is essentially made up of three components: the readout units, the builder units, and the network interconnecting them. Each readout unit receives the event fragments from the detector point-to-point links and makes them available on the EB network. For each event, one of the builder units gathers all the event fragments from all the readout units, assembles them into a complete event, and writes it into HLT1 input buffer for event filtering. The present event-buider architecture relies on 163 EB servers interconnected through a 200 Gbits/s bi-directional network, as shown in <a href="#F2">Figure 2</a>. The EB nodes have free PCIe slots that host GPU (Graphic Processing Units) cards to process the HLT1. This has the advantage of reducing the amount of data sent to the Event Filter Farm (EFF) and therefore reduces network costs.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 2</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" name="figure2" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F2" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 2</b>. The architecture of the new LHCb data readout and event-buider system.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <h3>2.3. Track types at LHCb</h3> <p class="mb0">In LHCb, the tracking system for charged particles consists of three subsystems: VELO, UT, and SciFi. The magnet is also necessary to bend particles to estimate their momentum. Several track types are defined depending on the subdetectors involved in the reconstruction, as shown in <a href="#F3">Figure 3</a>.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 3</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" name="figure3" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F3" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 3</b>. Track types in LHCb, as defined in <a style="color:grey;" href="#B10">LHCb (2014a)</a>.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">The main track types considered for physics analyses are as follows:</p> <p style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• Long tracks, which have information from at least the VELO and the SciFi, and possibly the UT, are the main tracks used in physics analyses and at all stages of the trigger;</p> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• Downstream tracks, which have information from the UT and the SciFi, but not VELO, typically correspond to decay products of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> and Λ<sup>0</sup> hadron decays; and</p> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• T-tracks, which only have hits from the SciFi, are typically not included either in the trigger or in analysis. Nevertheless, their potential for physics has been recently outlined (<a href="#B13">LHCb, 2022</a>).</p> <p class="mb15">When simulating collision data, tracks meeting certain thresholds are defined to be reconstructible and have an assigned type based on the subdetector reconstructibility. This is based on the existence of reconstructed detector digits or clusters in the emulated detector, which are matched to the simulated particles if the detector hits they originated from are properly linked (<a href="#B14">Li et al., 2021</a>). One can distinguish reconstructibility in the following subdetectors:</p> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• VELO: at least 3 pixel sensors and at least 1 digit each.</p> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• UT: at least 2 clusters where 1 cluster has to be in layer one or two and 1 in layer three or four. The clusters can be x or stereo clusters.</p> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left">• SciFi: at least 1 x cluster and 1 stereo cluster in each of the 3 SciFi stations.</p> <p class="mb0">Requirements for reconstructible Long tracks implies VELO and SciFi reconstructibility, Downstream tracks must satisfy the UT and SciFi reconstructibility, and T-tracks only requires SciFi reconstrucibility.</p> <h3>2.4. The high-level trigger</h3> <p class="mb15">The trigger of the LHCb detector readout in Run 3 and later is fully software based and comprises two levels: HLT1 and HLT2, described in <a href="#B12">LHCb (2020)</a>. Most notably, the HLT1 level has to be executed at a 30 MHz rate, which, thus, suffers from heavy constraints on timing for event reconstruction.</p> <p class="mb0">The HLT1 is the first trigger stage and performs partial event reconstruction to reduce the data rate. Tracking algorithms play a key role on fast event decisions, and the fact that they are inherently parallelizable processes suggests a way to increase the trigger performance. Thus, the HLT1 has been implemented on a number of GPUs through the Allen project (<a href="#B2">Aaij et al., 2020</a>), which manages 4 TB/s and reduces the data rate by a factor of 30. After this initial selection, data are passed to a buffer system that allows real-time calibration and alignment of the detector. This is used for the full and improved event reconstruction carried out by HLT2. <a href="#F4">Figure 4</a> shows the dataflow at LHCb in the first trigger level.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 4</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" name="figure4" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F4" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 4</b>. Dataflow for the first level of the trigger in the upgraded LHCb detector.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">Due to timing constraints, the current LHCb implementation in this stage is based on partial reconstruction and focuses solely on <i>long</i> tracks, i.e., tracks that have hits in the VELO. This trigger thus significantly affects the identification of particles with long lifetimes, in particular LLP searches in LHCb, where some of the final-state particles are created further than roughly a meter away from the IP and thus outside of the VELO acceptance.</p> <p class="mb0">Implementing new fast tracking algorithms in HLT1, allowing direct access to Downstream and T tracks from HLT1 selections, could solve this actual LHCb inability in LLPs reconstruction.</p> <h3>2.5. The SciFi seeding algorithm</h3> <p class="mb0">Hybrid seeding, detailed in <a href="#B4">Aiola et al. (2021)</a>, is an iterative reconstruction algorithm that uses information from the SciFi subdetector of LHCb to reconstruct track segments, also called T-tracks. It exploits the four-layered structure of the SciFi stations, as shown in <a href="#F5">Figure 5</a>, which have two vertical outer (X) layers and two inclined inner (U, V) layers, which are inclined by ±5° to determine the <i>y</i>-position of the trajectory.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 5</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" name="figure5" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F5" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 5</b>. Representation of a typical T-track trajectory in the SciFi. The x-z trajectory is modeled as a parabola with a fixed cubic correction, while the y-z trajectory is a line.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">This algorithm operates in iterations or cases, starting from different layers to cover for hit inefficiency. Between each iteration, hits that were used to form a good-quality track are removed from the container, which allows the loosening of tolerance windows and track quality requirements as the environment is cleaned up by the algorithm.</p> <p class="mb15">Each iteration can be separated into two parts: the <i>x</i> − <i>z</i> track finding and the U/V hit addition. The trajectory of a track, as shown in <a href="#F5">Figure 5</a>, can be approximated as a parabola with a fixed cubic correction in the <i>x</i> − <i>z</i> plane and a straight line in the <i>y</i> − <i>z</i> plane. Due to the geometry of the SciFi detector, y information can only be accessed using the <i>x</i>(<i>z</i>) equation.</p> <p class="mb0"><a href="#F6">Figure 6</a> shows the principle of the triplet finding in the <i>x</i> − <i>z</i> plane, which is the most computationally expensive part of the algorithm. Each hit in the first considered X layer is propagated onto a second X layer, assuming the track has infinite momentum and comes from the origin. A tolerance window is opened around that projection, assuming a minimum momentum, and all hits within this window are collected. The difference between the position of the second hit and the infinite momentum projection is a measurement of the momentum, which allows to estimate the bending within SciFi and to look for the third hit. Each triplet then provides the full track equation, and remaining hits are searched for. Tracklets are then selected according to quality criteria such as χ<sup>2</sup> of the fit to the trajectory and the number of hits.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 6</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" name="figure6" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F6" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 6</b>. Formation of the triplets in x-z search. The position of a hit in a first layer is projected onto a second layer assuming infinite momentum, and all hits around that projection, given a momentum-dependent tolerance, are used to form 2-hit combination. A third hit is then looked for in a third layer using the estimated momentum from the 2-hits combination.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">Given the <i>x</i>(<i>z</i>) track equation, hits on tilted U and V layers can be converted to a <i>y</i> measurement. Considering that we expect tracks to be a straight line coming from the origin, these <i>y</i> measurements are converted to a slope measurement, and the algorithm looks for the accumulation of similar slope measurements in different U/V layers. This is called Hough transformation and clustering. Each Hough cluster which has enough hits is then tested by adding it to the <i>x</i> − <i>z</i> track and performing a global fit to the trajectory. Tracks that do not pass quality requirements on that fit are rejected. The seeds reconstructed by the Hybrid seeding are then used to form more complex tracks. They are matched with VELO segments to form Long tracks or with hits in the UT to form Downstream tracks. The remaining tracklets are then called T-tracks.</p> <p class="mb0">Recently, an optimization and high-throughput configuration of this algorithm has been implemented in the new GPU architecture of the LHCb trigger system. The main features of this new seeding is the high level of parallelism and the reimplementation of the U/V hit addition as a sequential hit search, similar to that performed in the <i>x</i> − <i>z</i> part. Additionally, some quality criteria have been tightened. <a href="#F7">Figure 7</a> shows the preliminary physics performance of the Hybrid seeding algorithm as implemented on GPUs on Long tracks coming from the <i>B</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> → <i>ϕϕ</i> decay channel, where the <i>ϕ</i> meson is reconstructed from two kaons of opposite signs that traverse the SciFi detector.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 7</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" name="figure7" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F7" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 7</b>. Efficiency of the Hybrid seeding reconstruction on GPUs as a function of the track momentum of Long tracks produced from <i>B</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> → <i>ϕϕ</i> decays [LHCb-FIGURE-2022-010].</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <h3>2.6. Higgs portal to dark matter</h3> <p class="mb0">Some models of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field serving as the portal to a dark sector, which could accommodate dark matter candidates (<a href="#B9">Kachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020</a>). One of the simplest and well-known models in this regard predicts the existence of a mixed state between a new scalar low-mass boson (H') and the SM Higgs (H), regulated by the mixing strength θ:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"><math id="M1"><mtable class="eqnarray" columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">h</mi><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">=</mo><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi><mstyle class="text" mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black"><mtext>cos</mtext></mstyle><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">θ</mi><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">-</mo><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup><mstyle class="text" mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black"><mtext>sin</mtext></mstyle><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">θ</mi></mtd><mtd><mstyle class="text" mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black"><mtext>    </mtext></mstyle><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">(</mo><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">1</mn><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mtd></mtr></mtable></math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="mb0">In this model, H' can be interpreted as a mediator to a dark sector of unknown mass and lifetime. This model could be validated through the experimental signature of the decay <i>B</i>→<i>H</i>′<i>K</i>, with the H' decaying into π<sup>+</sup>π<sup>−</sup>, <i>K</i><sup>+</sup><i>K</i><sup>−</sup>, <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup>, orτ<sup>+</sup>τ<sup>−</sup>, depending on its mass. A displaced vertex could be determined, allowing to reconstruct the H' mass from the kinematics and the identification of the two decay particles. The sensitivity to this model depends nevertheless on the H' mass and lifetime, which could lead the new scalar to decay outside the detector fiducial volume. In particular, if the H' has long lifetime, the two final decay particles would not be selected by the first level of the LHCb trigger, thus escaping detection. <a href="#F8">Figure 8</a> shows the parameter regions and the sensitivity of different (present and future) experiments to the H' (<a href="#B9">Kachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020</a>). One should note that the mixing angle is directly related to the decay width, and thus to the lifetime, with small mixing angles implying long lifetimes.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 8</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" name="figure8" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F8" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 8</b>. Parameter space regions for the <i>B</i> → <i>H</i>′<i>K</i> and <i>B</i> → <i>H</i>′<i>K</i><sup>*</sup> decay channels <b>(top)</b> and sensitivity to the H' displaced vertex by different present and future experiments <b>(bottom)</b>, (Figures adapted from <a style="color:grey;" href="#B9">Kachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020</a>).</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">Considering the leptonic decay mode H' → <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup>, the decay rate can be expressed by:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"><math id="M2"><mtable class="eqnarray" columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">Γ</mo><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">→</mo><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">ℓ</mi><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">ℓ</mi></mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">=</mo><msup><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">sin</mo></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msup><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">θ</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">F</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">m</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><msubsup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">4</mn><msqrt><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msqrt><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">π</mi></mrow></mfrac><msup><mrow><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="true">(</mo><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">1</mn><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">-</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">4</mn><msubsup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">ℓ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">m</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></mfrac></mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="true">)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">3</mn><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">/</mo><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn></mrow></msup><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">,</mo></mtd><mtd><mstyle class="text" mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black"><mtext>    </mtext></mstyle><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">(</mo><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">2</mn><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mtd></mtr></mtable></math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="mb15">where <i>G</i><sub><i>F</i></sub> is the Fermi constant and <i>m</i><sub><i>l</i></sub> the lepton mass. The Higgs lifetime can be computed:</p> <div class="equationImageholder"><math id="M3"><mtable class="eqnarray" columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><msub><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">τ</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">Γ</mo><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">′</mi></mrow></msup><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">-</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mrow></mfrac><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">.</mo></mtd><mtd><mstyle class="text" mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black"><mtext>    </mtext></mstyle><mrow><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">(</mo><mn mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black">3</mn><mo mathsize="10.5pt" mathcolor="black" stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></mtd></mtr></mtable></math> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <p class="mb0">The following sections discuss the sensitivity of the LHCb experiment at the trigger level to the H' decay into the <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup> final state. This decay channel binds the Higgs mass to be <i>m</i><sub><i>H</i></sub> > 2<i>m</i><sub><i>μ</i></sub> ≈ 212 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>. The H' mass is also constrained to <math><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>′</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo><</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>4700</mn></math> MeV/c<sup>2</sup>.</p> <a id="h4" name="h4"></a><h2>3. Results</h2> <h3 class="pt0">3.1. Sensitivity to <i>B</i>→<i>H</i>′(→ <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup>)<i>K</i> decays</h3> <p class="mb15">Using the upgraded LHCb simulation, 99 MC samples of 7,000 events each are simulated from proton-proton collisions. The samples are generated using Pythia8 and assuming Run 3 beam conditions. The <i>B</i>→<i>H</i>′(→ <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup>)<i>K</i> decay channel is generated considering H' masses in the range of 500–4,500 MeV and lifetimes from 1 to 2,000 ps.</p> <p class="mb0">The decay vertex of the H' is expected to be displaced with a dependence on these variables, and they will be labeled in the following according to the track type of the two muons (two Long tracks = LL, two Downstream tracks = DD and two T-tracks = TT). LL vertices are thus expected to be produced in the Velo detector, DD between the Velo and the UT, and TT vertices between the UT and SciFi. The reconstructibility of these vertices is defined according to the track reconstructibility criteria defined in Section 2.3, and imposing that the two muons are coming from the same vertex. <a href="#F9">Figure 9</a> shows the reconstructibility of the decay vertex of the H' particle as a function of its mass and lifetime. For lifetimes below 10 ps, a large proportion of LL vertex topologies is found, as expected, where the H' decays in the VELO acceptance and both muons can be reconstructed as Long tracks. Nevertheless, for H' lifetimes larger than 100ps (and small-mixing angle), most of the decays are produced downstream the VELO, resulting in a large proportion of the DD and TT topologies. These fractions are very similar in the case that the H' decays into two hadrons<sup id="footnotesuper1"><a id="note1a"></a><a class="footnoteanchor" href="#note1">1</a></sup>.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 9</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" name="figure9" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F9" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 9</b>. Reconstructibility of the decay vertex of the H' particle as a function of its mass and lifetime. Decay topologies are shown, from top to bottom, in the order: LL, DD, and TT, corresponding to the track types of the two muons.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mt15 w100pc float_left"><a href="#F10">Figure 10</a> shows the LHCb HLT1 effect when triggering on the H' decay products (Trigger on Signal, TOS). Since only Long tracks are reconstructed at the HLT1 level, a high inefficiency can be observed for large H' lifetimes, going down 10% for lifetimes larger than 500ps. A loss in sensitivity for small H' masses is also observed, and since the H' is experiencing larger boosts, muons, are escaping from detection in the VELO.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 10</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" name="figure10" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F10" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 10</b>. Proportion of events triggered by the HLT1 decision on the H' decay products (Trigger on Signal, TOS).</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <h3>3.2. Study of long-lived SM particles: Λ<sup>0</sup> and <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></h3> <p class="mb0">Some strange SM particles, such as <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> and Λ<sup>0</sup> baryons, also have long lifetimes of the order of 100ps. These particles are reconstructed in many physics analysis to measure observables which can be sensitive to new physics models. One example is the rare <math><msub><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></math> decay, where the Λ<sup>0</sup> baryon decays into a proton and a pion. Measurements of the branching fraction and the angular distribution of the decay particles are sensitive to models with non-standard right-handed currents (<a href="#B3">Aaij et al., 2019</a>, <a href="#B1">2022</a>; <a href="#B8">Garćıa Mart́ın et al., 2019</a>). Another example is the very rare <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> → <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup> decay, very suppressed in SM, not observed experimentally at present, which is sensitive to different BSM scenarios such as SUSY (<a href="#B16">Zhu, 2012</a>) or presence of leptoquarks (<a href="#B7">Bobeth and Buras, 2018</a>). <a href="#F11">Figure 11</a> shows the sensitivity to the <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> → <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup> decay channel (in terms of branching fraction limit) as a function of the product of the trigger efficiency and luminosity.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 11</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" name="figure11" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F11" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 11</b>. Sensitivity (green band) to the <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> → <i>μ</i><sup>+</sup><i>μ</i><sup>−</sup> branching fraction as function of the trigger efficiency × luminosity. The SM prediction is shown in black (<a style="color:grey;" href="#B15">Santos, 2022</a>).</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mt15 w100pc float_left">Using 10,000 simulated events, the HLT1 trigger effect has been studied on these two decay channels involving Λ<sup>0</sup> and <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> particles. <a href="#F12">Figure 12</a> shows the normalized number of reconstructible events (LL+DD+TT) as a function of the end decay vertex of the Λ<sup>0</sup> and of the <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math>.</p> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <div class="Imageheaders">FIGURE 12</div> <div class="FigureDesc"> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" name="figure12" target="_blank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=480&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=370&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=290&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=410&f=webp/https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" media=""><source type="image/jpg" srcset="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" media=""> <img src="https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/1008737/fdata-05-1008737-HTML/image_m/fdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg" alt="www.frontiersin.org" id="F12" loading="lazy"> </picture> </a><p><b>Figure 12</b>. Λ<sup>0</sup> <b>(top)</b> and <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> <b>(bottom)</b> reconstructible candidates as function of the decay vertex position. The Λ<sup>0</sup> candidates decay into a pion and a proton. The <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> candidates decay into two muons of opposite charges. Vertical color lines indicate the positions of the Velo, UT, and SciFi detectors in the Z-axis.</p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="DottedLine"></div> <p class="mb15 w100pc float_left mt15">The relative proportions of track types are 12% (LL), 51% (DD), and 37% (TT) for the <math><msub><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></math> decay channel. For the case of prompt <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math>, the amount of reconstructible tracks is 46% (LL), 38% (DD), and 16% (TT), One should notice that a large amount of decays occurs at the end of the VELO and they do not let enough hits to be reconstructed as Long tracks, being reconstructed thus in the DD category. That is, the amount of DD+TT tracks is about 88% for the <math><msub><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></math> decay channel and 54% for prompt <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math>.</p> <p class="mb0">One can apply the HLT1 conditions on the reconstructible events, and in particular, to check how many events are selected by inclusive trigger lines, such as the OneTrackMVA or TwoTrackMVA. They require tracks with minimum transverse momentum and minimum Impact Parameter (IP) significance with respect to the Primary Vertex, and for the latter, they form a vertex with minimum requirements. In the case of <math><msub><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></math>, the HLT1 signal efficiency for the proton and pion coming from the Λ<sup>0</sup> is found to be less than 10%. In the case of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math>, the HLT1 efficiency on the muons, adding some inclusive muon lines and dedicated lines for <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> selection, is less than 25%. We normalize the efficiency to the sum of LL+DD+TT reconstructible events. The <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> candidates in this study are prompt, produced at the interaction point. In the case that <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> candidates are coming from the decays of b or c-hadrons, the amount of reconstructible LL candidates is expected to decrease, thus increasing the HLT1 inefficiency.</p> <a id="h5" name="h5"></a><h2>4. Prospects</h2> <p class="mb0">A downstream algorithm, making use of the high performance of the Seeding algorithm described earlier, is currently being developed within the LHCb-RTA Collaboration. Preliminary studies showed that, in the case that DD tracks could be reconstructed and selected at the HLT1 stage, efficiencies for LLPs could increase to 60% or more. A lot of effort is also being devoted to the development of inclusive trigger lines based on SciFi seeds, even if the high occupancy and track combinatorics in this detector makes it quite challenging in terms of allowed rates. The use of machine learning algorithms is also being investigated, which could be applied at an early stage to improve the T-track classification. With the new HLT1 framework based on the GPU architectures, this task seems feasible, now or in a near future, by using faster and better performing GPU cards.</p> <a id="h6" name="h6"></a><h2>5. Conclusion</h2> <p class="mb0">In summary, during the past years, the LHCb detector has undergone a major upgrade, which will allow the data for Run 3 to be taken at an averaged proton-proton collision rate of 30 MHz. The first trigger stage of the LHCb will be based for the first time entirely on GPU cards following the Allen framework, a complete high-throughput trigger algorithm design. This will largely increase the capabilities of the trigger system for selecting the data of interest. Tracking reconstruction at early stages of the data chain is becoming an arduous task due to the increase of the output data. This is even more challenging if the reconstruction involves particle trajectories that do not leave signals in the first tracker of the LHCb detector, hitting only the UT and/or the SciFi, which are bigger detectors with high occupancy. Even if the main program of the LHCb experiment is based on the reconstruction of b- and c-hadron decay particles, which are usually Long tracks, there is an important physics case for Downstream and T-tracks to be participating in the first stage of the trigger. The trigger efficiency for long-lived particles is at present very low. This is true for both the cases of BSM and in the Standard Model formalism. In this study, we studied the impact of the HLT1 on a model based on a Higgs portal to a dark sector, where the Higgs can have several masses and lifetimes. For long lifetimes and small masses of the Higgs, the HLT1 inefficiency is found to be quite large. We also tested how the HLT1 decisions affect Λ<sup>0</sup> and <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> decays, as observed in many Standard Model processes. For these cases, the selected events are one-fourth or less of the possible reconstructible candidates. To improve the HLT1 efficiency, an algorithm is being developed in the Allen framework, which makes the use of the SciFi seeds to reconstruct trajectories of particles with long lifetimes. The inclusion of this algorithm will allow to largely increase the efficiency for Λ<sup>0</sup> and <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math> and would open a large window for the searches of many particles beyond the Standard Model.</p> <a id="h7" name="h7"></a><h2>6. LHCb-RTA collaboration</h2> <p class="mb0">The authors of this article want to acknowledge the contribution of Christina Agapopoulou and Lorenzo Pica to the development of the seeding and matching trigger algorithms on GPUs. The contribution of Renato Quagliani has also been decisive for the development of the algorithm. We acknowledge the theoretical discussions with Xabier Cid Vidal. The study of Fernando Martinez Vidal and Nicola Neri, as well as the Università di Milano LHCb group on the usability of T-tracks in LHCb, is also very relevant in this context. Similarly, the study of Giovanni Punzi and the LHCb group of the Università di Pisa related to other hardware architectures will be crucial for this study in the near future. We also express our gratitude to our colleagues of the LHCb Collaboration, in particular to the LHCb's computing, simulation, DPA, and online projects. This study has been developed in the framework of the RTA project, so we thank our colleagues of RTA for their support and dedication.</p> <a id="h8" name="h8"></a><h2>Data availability statement</h2> <p class="mb0">The datasets used in this work have been produced and analyzed inside the LHCb computing framework and are subject to the LHCb agreements and rules. They could be made available upon request, ensuring compliance with privacy agreements and other requirements.</p> <a id="h9" name="h9"></a><h2>Author contributions</h2> <p class="mb0">LC, LH, AH, BJ, and JZ worked on the Hybrid seeding algorithm and achieved its implementation on GPUs. CVS developed the framework for MC simulations BSM. AO, LH, and DM performed the sensitivity studies including different decay channels and physics models. JZ also contributed to get the track reconstructibility for SM samples. IS worked on the reconstruction of T-tracks from the SciFi seeds and validated their use for physics analyses. AO is the main editor of the paper. All authors have contributed in the edition of the paper and the creation of the figures.</p> <a id="h10" name="h10"></a><h2>Funding</h2> <p class="mb0">This work is supported and has been developed in the framework of the RTA project inside the LHCb collaboration. This work has been partially funded by the CERN and the MICINN national agency in Spain. AH is supported by the NSF award 1904160. DM is supported by the CONEXION AIHUB-CSIC. LC is funded by the ERC Refs: 724777-RECEPT and 714536-PRECISION, as well as the PUNCH4NFDI consortium supported by the DFG fund NFDI 39/1.</p> <a id="h11" name="h11"></a><h2>Conflict of interest</h2> <p class="mb0">The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p> <a id="h12" name="h12"></a><h2>Publisher's note</h2> <p class="mb0">All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.</p> <a id="h13" name="h13"></a><h2>Footnotes</h2> <div id="footnotetext" class="fulltextdescription"> <p style="margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;" id="note1">1. <a class="footnotetextanchor" href="#note1a" title="">^</a>One should note that the tracking reconstruction at this level does not include particle identification.</p> </div> <a id="h14" name="h14"></a><h2>References</h2> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B1" id="B1"></a> Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Beteta, C. A., Abudinén, F. J., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., et al. (2022). Measurement of the photon polarization in <math><msubsup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> → Λ γ decays. <i>Phys. Rev. D</i> 105, L051104. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L051104 </p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.L051104" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=A.+S.+W.+Abdelmotteleb&author=C.+A.+Beteta&author=F.+J.+Abudinén&author=T.+Ackernley&author=B.+Adeva+&publication_year=2022&title=Measurement+of+the+photon+polarization+in+Λb0+→+Λ+γ+decays&journal=Phys.+Rev.+D&volume=105&pages=L051104" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B2" id="B2"></a> Aaij, R., Albrecht, J., Belous, M., Billoir, P., Boettcher, T., Rodríguez, A. B., et al. (2020). Allen: a high-level trigger on GPUs for LHCb. <i>Comput. Software Big Sci</i>. 4, 7. doi: 10.1007/s41781-020-00039-7</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33385105" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s41781-020-00039-7" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=J.+Albrecht&author=M.+Belous&author=P.+Billoir&author=T.+Boettcher&author=A.+B.+Rodríguez+&publication_year=2020&title=Allen%3A+a+high-level+trigger+on+GPUs+for+LHCb&journal=Comput.+Software+Big+Sci&volume=4&pages=7" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B3" id="B3"></a> Aaij, R., Beteta, C. A., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., et al. (2019). First observation of the radiative decay <math><msubsup><mrow><mo>Λ</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>→</mo><mo>Λ</mo><mi>γ</mi></math>. <i>Phys. Rev. Lett</i>. 123, 031801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.031801</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31386473" target="_blank">PubMed Abstract</a> | <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.031801" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=C.+A.+Beteta&author=B.+Adeva&author=M.+Adinolfi&author=C.+A.+Aidala&author=Z.+Ajaltouni+&publication_year=2019&title=First+observation+of+the+radiative+decay+Λb0→Λγ&journal=Phys.+Rev.+Lett&volume=123&pages=031801" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B4" id="B4"></a> Aiola, S., Amhis, Y., Billoir, P., Jashal, B. K., Henry, L., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2021). Hybrid seeding: a standalone track reconstruction algorithm for scintillating fibre tracker at lhcb. <i>Comput. Phys. Commun</i>. 260, 107713. doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107713 </p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107713" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=S.+Aiola&author=Y.+Amhis&author=P.+Billoir&author=B.+K.+Jashal&author=L.+Henry&author=A.+Oyanguren+&publication_year=2021&title=Hybrid+seeding%3A+a+standalone+track+reconstruction+algorithm+for+scintillating+fibre+tracker+at+lhcb&journal=Comput.+Phys.+Commun&volume=260&pages=107713" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B5" id="B5"></a> Alves Jr, A. A., Barbosa, A. F., Bediaga, I., Cernicchiaro, G., Guerrer, G., Lima Jr, H. P., et al. (2008). The LHCb detector at the LHC. <i>JINST</i> 3, S08005. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08005 </p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08005" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=A.+A.+Alves+Jr&author=A.+F.+Barbosa&author=I.+Bediaga&author=G.+Cernicchiaro&author=G.+Guerrer&author=H.+P.+Lima+Jr+&publication_year=2008&title=The+LHCb+detector+at+the+LHC&journal=JINST&volume=3&pages=S08005" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B6" id="B6"></a> Bediaga, I., De Miranda, J. M., Rodrigues, F., et al. (2012). <i>Framework TDR for the LHCb Upgrade: Technical Design Report, CERN-LHCC-2012-007</i>. Technical report.</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=I.+Bediaga&author=J.+M.+De+Miranda&author=F.+Rodrigues+&publication_year=2012&title=Framework+TDR+for+the+LHCb+Upgrade%3A+Technical+Design+Report,+CERN-LHCC-2012-007" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B7" id="B7"></a> Bobeth, C., and Buras, A. J. (2018). Leptoquarks meet ε′/ε and rare Kaon processes. <i>JHEP</i> 02, 101. doi: 10.1007/JHEP02(2018)101</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2018)101" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=C.+Bobeth&author=A.+J.+Buras+&publication_year=2018&title=Leptoquarks+meet+ε′%2Fε+and+rare+Kaon+processes&journal=JHEP&volume=02&pages=101" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B8" id="B8"></a> García Martín, L. M., Jashal, B., Martínez Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Roy, S., Sain, R., et al. (2019). Radiative <i>b</i>-baryon decays to measure the photon and <i>b</i>-baryon polarization. <i>Eur. Phys. J. C</i> 79, 634. doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7123-7</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7123-7" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=L.+M.+García+Martín&author=B.+Jashal&author=F.+Martínez+Vidal&author=A.+Oyanguren&author=S.+Roy&author=R.+Sain+&publication_year=2019&title=Radiative+b-baryon+decays+to+measure+the+photon+and+b-baryon+polarization&journal=Eur.+Phys.+J.+C&volume=79&pages=634" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B9" id="B9"></a> Kachanovich, A., Nierste, U, and Nisandzić, I. (2020). Higgs portal to dark matter and <i>B</i>→<i>K</i><sup>(</sup>*) decays. <i>Eur. Phys. J. C</i> 80, 669. doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8240-z</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8240-z" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=A.+Kachanovich&author=U+Nierste&author=I.+Nisandzić+&publication_year=2020&title=Higgs+portal+to+dark+matter+and+B→K(*)+decays&journal=Eur.+Phys.+J.+C&volume=80&pages=669" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B10" id="B10"></a> LHCb (2014a). <i>LHCb Tracker Upgrade Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-015</i>, Technical report.</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?publication_year=2014a&title=LHCb+Tracker+Upgrade+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-015" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B11" id="B11"></a> LHCb (2014b). <i>LHCb Trigger and Online Upgrade Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-016</i>, Technical report.</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?publication_year=2014b&title=LHCb+Trigger+and+Online+Upgrade+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-016" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B12" id="B12"></a> LHCb (2020). <i>LHCb Upgrade GPU High Level Trigger Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-021</i>, Technical report, CERN, Geneva.</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?publication_year=2020&title=LHCb+Upgrade+GPU+High+Level+Trigger+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-021" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References" style="margin-bottom:0.5em;"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B13" id="B13"></a> LHCb (2022). <i>Long-lived particle reconstruction downstream of the LHCb magnet, CERN-LHCb-DP-2022-001</i>, Technical report.</p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B14" id="B14"></a> Li, P., Rodrigues, E., and Stahl, S. (2021). Tracking definitions and conventions for run 3 and beyond. <i>LHCb-PUB-2021-B-2005</i>.</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=P.+Li&author=E.+Rodrigues&author=S.+Stahl+&publication_year=2021&title=Tracking+definitions+and+conventions+for+run+3+and+beyond&journal=LHCb-PUB-2021-B-2005" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B15" id="B15"></a> Santos, D. M. (2022). Studies performed by Diego Martínez Santos (IGFAE-USC), private communication. <i>EPJ Web of Conferences.</i> doi: 10.1051/epjconf/201817901013</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817901013" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a></p> </div> <div class="References"> <p class="ReferencesCopy1"><a name="B16" id="B16"></a> Zhu, X. (2012). <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>K</mi><mtext>S</mtext><mn>0</mn></msubsup></mrow></math>, Λ and Ξ production at intermediate to high <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> from au+au collisions at <math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt></math>= 39, 11.5 and 7.7 gev. <i>Open Phys</i>. 10, 1345–1348. doi: 10.2478/s11534-012-0102-3</p> <p class="ReferencesCopy2"><a href="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-012-0102-3" target="_blank">CrossRef Full Text</a> | <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?author=X.+Zhu+&publication_year=2012&title=KS0,+Λ+and+Ξ+production+at+intermediate+to+high+pT+from+au+au+collisions+at+sNN=+39,+11.5+and+7.7+gev&journal=Open+Phys&volume=10&pages=1345-1348" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="thinLineM20"></div> <div class="AbstractSummary"> <p><span>Keywords:</span> LHCb, trigger, real time analysis, long-lived particles, GPU, SciFi, beyond standard physics</p> <p><span>Citation:</span> Calefice L, Hennequin A, Henry L, Jashal B, Mendoza D, Oyanguren A, Sanderswood I, Sierra CV, Zhuo J and Part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration (2022) Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb. <i>Front. Big Data</i> 5:1008737. doi: 10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737</p> <p id="timestamps"><span>Received:</span> 01 August 2022; <span>Accepted:</span> 03 October 2022;<br> <span>Published:</span> 07 November 2022.</p> <div><p>Edited by:</p> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1417433/overview">Michael Spannowsky</a>, Durham University, United Kingdom</div> <div><p>Reviewed by:</p> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1513091/overview">Letizia Lusito</a>, Inside Climate Service, Italy<br> <a href="http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1916582/overview">Alexander Kish</a>, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (DOE), United States</div> <p><span>Copyright</span> © 2022 Calefice, Hennequin, Henry, Jashal, Mendoza, Oyanguren, Sanderswood, Sierra, Zhuo and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)</a>. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</p> <p><span>*Correspondence:</span> Arantza Oyanguren, <a id="encmail">YXJhbnR6YS5veWFuZ3VyZW5AaWZpYy51di5lcw==</a></p> <div class="clear"></div> </div></div></div> <p class="AbstractSummary__disclaimer"><span>Disclaimer: </span> All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. </p></div></div></main> <aside class="Layout__aside"><div class="ArticleDetails__wrapper"><div class="ArticleDetails__aside"><div class="ArticleDetails__aside__responsiveButtons"><div id="FloatingButtonsEl" class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--type ActionsDropDown__button--icon"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Download article</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-pdf" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Download PDF </a></li><li><a href="http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-readCube" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> ReadCube </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/epub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-epub" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EPUB </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/xml/nlm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-nlmXml" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> XML (NLM) </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetails__aside__responsiveButtons__items"> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare__responsive"><button aria-label="Open share options" class="ArticleDetailsShare__trigger"></button> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare"><p class="ArticleDetailsShare__title">Share on</p> <ul class="ArticleDetailsShare__list"><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on X" aria-label="Share on X" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--x"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Linkedin" aria-label="Share on Linkedin" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--linkedin"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--facebook"></a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--typeIconButton ActionsDropDown__button--iconQuote"></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"><div class="ActionsDropDown__mobileTitle"> Export citation </div> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/endNote" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-endNote" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EndNote </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-referenceManager" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Reference Manager </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/text" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-simpleTextFile" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Simple Text file </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/bibTex" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-bibTex" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> BibTex </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews"><div class="TotalViews__data"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 2,8K </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Total views</div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 720 </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Downloads</div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__number"> 5 </div> <div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__text"><div class="TotalViews__data__metrics__label">Citations</div></div></div> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover"><button aria-label="Open impact metrics info" class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__button"></button> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip"><button aria-label="Close impact metrics info" class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip__closeButton"></button> <div class="ImpactMetricsInfoPopover__tooltip__text"> Citation numbers are available from Dimensions </div></div></div></div> <div class="TotalViews__viewImpactLink"><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View article impact" href="http://loop-impact.frontiersin.org/impact/article/1008737#totalviews/views" target="_blank" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewArticleImpact" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View article impact</span></a></span></div> <div class="TotalViews__altmetric"><div data-badge-popover="bottom" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737" data-condensed="true" data-link-target="new" class="altmetric-embed"></div> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="View altmetric score" href="https://www.altmetric.com/details/doi/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737" target="_blank" data-event="customLink-link-a_viewAltmetricScore" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--medium Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>View altmetric score</span></a></span></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsShare"><p class="ArticleDetailsShare__title">Share on</p> <ul class="ArticleDetailsShare__list"><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on X" aria-label="Share on X" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--x"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/share?url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Linkedin" aria-label="Share on Linkedin" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--linkedin"></a></li><li class="ArticleDetailsShare__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/full" target="_blank" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="ArticleDetailsShare__link ArticleDetailsShare__link--facebook"></a></li></ul></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__editors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__title">Edited by</div> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1417433/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-michaelSpannowsky" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1417433/32" alt="Michael Spannowsky" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name notranslate"> Michael Spannowsky </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation notranslate"> Durham University, United Kingdom </div></div></a></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__editors"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__title">Reviewed by</div> <a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1513091/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-letiziaLusito" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1513091/32" alt="Letizia Lusito" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name notranslate"> Letizia Lusito </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation notranslate"> Inside Climate Service, Italy </div></div></a><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1916582/overview" data-event="editorInfo-a-alexanderKish" class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo"><figure class="Avatar Avatar--size-32"><img src="https://loop.frontiersin.org/images/profile/1916582/32" alt="Alexander Kish" class="Avatar__img is-inside-mask"></figure> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__info"><div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__name notranslate"> Alexander Kish </div> <div class="ArticleDetailsEditors__ediorInfo__affiliation notranslate"> Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (DOE), United States </div></div></a></div></div> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary ArticleDetailsGlossary--open"><button class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header"><div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header__title">Table of contents</div> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__header__arrow"></div></button> <div class="ArticleDetailsGlossary__content"><ul class="flyoutJournal"> <li><a href="#h1">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="#h2">1. Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#h3">2. Materials and methods</a></li> <li><a href="#h4">3. Results</a></li> <li><a href="#h5">4. Prospects</a></li> <li><a href="#h6">5. Conclusion</a></li> <li><a href="#h7">6. LHCb-RTA collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="#h8">Data availability statement</a></li> <li><a href="#h9">Author contributions</a></li> <li><a href="#h10">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="#h11">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="#h12">Publisher's note</a></li> <li><a href="#h13">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="#h14">References</a></li> </ul></div></div>  <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--typeOutline ActionsDropDown__button--iconQuote"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Export citation</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/endNote" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-endNote" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EndNote </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-referenceManager" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Reference Manager </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/text" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-simpleTextFile" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Simple Text file </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/bibTex" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-bibTex" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> BibTex </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div> <div class="CheckForUpdates"><button data-target="crossmark" data-event="checkForUpdates-btn-openModal" class="CheckForUpdates__link"><img src="/article-pages/_nuxt/img/crossmark.5c8ec60.svg" alt="Crossmark icon" class="CheckForUpdates__link__img"> <div class="CheckForUpdates__link__text">Check for updates</div></button></div> <div class="Announcement"><p class="Announcement__title"> Research integrity at Frontiers </p> <article class="CardA"><div class="CardA__wrapper CardA__wrapper--vertical"><figure class="FrontiersImage CardA__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=440&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=320x400&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=268x280&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=366x408&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media=""><source srcset="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media=""> <img src="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" alt="Man ultramarathon runner in the mountains he trains at sunset" loading="lazy" class="is-inside-mask"></picture> </figure> <div class="CardA__info"><h2 class="CardA__title">94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good</h2> <p class="CardA__text">Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.</p> <br> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="About our research integrity team" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="customLink-link-a_findOutMore" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--small Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>Find out more </span></a></span></div></div></article></div>  </div>  <div><div class="FloatingButtons"> <div class="ActionsDropDown"><button aria-label="Open dropdown" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-toggle" class="ActionsDropDown__button ActionsDropDown__button--type ActionsDropDown__button--iconDownload"><span class="ActionsDropDown__button__label">Download article</span></button> <div class="ActionsDropDown__menuWrapper"><div class="ActionsDropDown__mobileTitle"> Download </div> <ul class="ActionsDropDown__menu"><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-pdf" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> Download PDF </a></li><li><a href="http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-readCube" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> ReadCube </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/epub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-epub" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> EPUB </a></li><li><a href="/journals/big-data/articles/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737/xml/nlm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-event="actionsDropDown-a-nlmXml" class="ActionsDropDown__option"> XML (NLM) </a></li></ul> <button aria-label="Close modal" data-event="actionsDropDown-button-close" class="ActionsDropDown__mobileClose"></button></div></div></div> </div></div></aside></div> <div class="Announcement Announcement--Responsive"><p class="Announcement__title"> Research integrity at Frontiers </p> <article class="CardA"><div class="CardA__wrapper CardA__wrapper--vertical"><figure class="FrontiersImage CardA__img"><picture class="FrontiersImage"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/w=440&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 563px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=320x400&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 1024px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=268x280&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media="(max-width: 1441px)"><source srcset="https://images-provider.frontiersin.org/api/ipx/s=366x408&fit=outside&f=webp/https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media=""><source srcset="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" media=""> <img src="https://d2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net/media/E32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3/0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8/webimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png" alt="Man ultramarathon runner in the mountains he trains at sunset" loading="lazy" class="is-inside-mask"></picture> </figure> <div class="CardA__info"><h2 class="CardA__title">94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good</h2> <p class="CardA__text">Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.</p> <br> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="About our research integrity team" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/research-integrity" target="_self" data-event="customLink-link-a_findOutMore" class="Link Link--linkType Link--maincolor Link--small Link--icon Link--chevronRight Link--right"><span>Find out more </span></a></span></div></div></article></div> <div></div></div></div>  <footer class="Footer"><div class="Footer__wrapper"><div class="Footer__sections"><ul class="Accordion"><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Guidelines</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/author-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_authorGuidelines">Author guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/editor-guidelines" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_editorGuidelines">Editor guidelines</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/guidelines/policies-and-publication-ethics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_policiesAndPublicationE">Policies and publication ethics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/fee-policy" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_0-a_feePolicy">Fee policy</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Explore</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_articles">Articles</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_researchTopics">Research Topics </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_journals">Journals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/how-we-publish" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_1-a_howWePublish">How we publish</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Outreach</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://forum.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForum">Frontiers Forum </a></li><li><a href="https://policylabs.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPolicyLabs">Frontiers Policy Labs </a></li><li><a href="https://kids.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersForYoungMinds">Frontiers for Young Minds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersplanetprize.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_2-a_frontiersPlanetPrize">Frontiers Planet Prize</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="Accordion__item"><button class="Accordion__headline"> <div class="Accordion__title">Connect</div> <div class="Accordion__space"></div> <div class="Accordion__arrow"></div></button> <div class="Accordion__content Accordion__content--fadeOut" style="height:0px;"><ul><li><a href="https://helpcenter.frontiersin.org" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_helpCenter">Help center</a></li><li><a href="https://loop.frontiersin.org/settings/email-preferences?a=publishers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_emailsAndAlerts">Emails and alerts </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/about/contact" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_contactUs">Contact us </a></li><li><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/submission/submit" target="_self" data-event="footer-block_3-a_submit">Submit</a></li><li><a href="https://careers.frontiersin.org/" target="_blank" data-event="footer-block_3-a_careerOpportunities">Career opportunities</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="Footer__socialLinks"><div class="Footer__socialLinks__title">Follow us</div> <span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Frontiersin" target="_blank" data-event="footer-facebook-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--facebook Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/frontiersin" target="_blank" data-event="footer-twitter-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--twitter Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/frontiers" target="_blank" data-event="footer-linkedIn-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--linkedin Link--right"><span></span></a></span><span class="Link__wrapper"><a aria-label="Frontiers Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/frontiersin_" target="_blank" data-event="footer-instagram-a_" class="Link Link--linkType Link--grey Link--medium Link--icon Link--instagram Link--right"><span></span></a></span></div></div> <div class="Footer__copyright"><div><span>漏 2025 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved</span></div> <div><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy policy</a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank">Terms and conditions</a></div></div></div></footer> <div class="SnackbarWrapper"><ul class="SnackbarContainer"></ul></div></div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD,cE,cF,cG,cH,cI,cJ,cK,cL,cM,cN,cO,cP,cQ,cR,cS,cT,cU,cV,cW,cX){aE.id=aF;aE.name=aG;aE.slug=aH;aE.specialtyId=1948;return {layout:"ArticleLayout",data:[{}],fetch:{},error:f,state:{currentJournal:{identifier:s,name:q,slug:t,banner:[{id:"5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92",src:Y,name:"FDATA_Main Visual_Purple_Website",tags:[],type:J,width:4800,height:2700,archive:l,brandId:Z,limited:l,fileSize:4276100,isPublic:c,original:_,copyright:f,extension:[$],thumbnails:{mini:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002Fmini-DC66498A-9FDB-434C-B1A5BBF1835B624D.png",thul:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002Fthul-451354F9-2A11-4FA6-AA7A08D391BACC8E.png",original:_,webimage:Y,Guidelines:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002F2AC3FFF6-4AEB-4DBB-9E7DBF2981C0BB53\u002FGuidelines-FDATA_Main%20Visual_Purple_Website.png",WebsiteJpg_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002F2AC3FFF6-4AEB-4DBB-9E7DBF2981C0BB53\u002FWebsiteJpg_XL-FDATA_Main%20Visual_Purple_Website.jpg",WebsiteWebP_L:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002F2AC3FFF6-4AEB-4DBB-9E7DBF2981C0BB53\u002FWebsiteWebP_L-FDATA_Main%20Visual_Purple_Website.webp",WebsiteWebP_M:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002F2AC3FFF6-4AEB-4DBB-9E7DBF2981C0BB53\u002FWebsiteWebP_M-FDATA_Main%20Visual_Purple_Website.webp",WebsiteWebP_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002F2AC3FFF6-4AEB-4DBB-9E7DBF2981C0BB53\u002FWebsiteWebP_XL-FDATA_Main%20Visual_Purple_Website.webp"},dateCreated:"2022-06-27T09:59:18Z",description:f,orientation:K,watermarked:l,dateModified:"2022-07-05T08:49:08Z",datePublished:"2022-06-27T09:27:09Z",videoPreviewURLs:[]}],description:"This innovative journal focuses on the power of big data - its role in machine learning, AI, and data mining, and its practical application from cybersecurity to climate science and public health.",mission:"\u003Cp\u003EFrontiers in Big Data is an interdisciplinary journal that focuses on the advancements and applications of big data.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ELed by Field Chief Editor, Dr Huan Liu (Arizona State University, USA) the journal focuses on understanding and managing the power of big data, as well as acquiring intelligence from information to address and solve the biggest challenges of humankind. Frontiers in Big Data welcomes research contributions across the multifaceted and vast field, which advance new methodologies and develops data science, AI, data mining, and medical health informatics. Topics include, but are not limited to:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cul\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Ebig data networks\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Ebig data and AI in high energy physics\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Ecybersecurity and privacy\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Edata analytics for social impact\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Edata mining and management\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Edata science\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Edata-driven climate sciences\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Emachine learning and artificial intelligence\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n \u003Cli\u003Emedicine and public health.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn particular, the journal welcomes submissions that support and advance the UN鈥檚 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 9: industry, innovation and infrastructure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFrontiers in Big Data is committed to advancing developments in the field by allowing unrestricted access to articles, and communicating scientific knowledge to researchers and the public alike, to enable the scientific breakthroughs of the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",palette:"purple",impactFactor:"3.1",citeScore:"4.6",citations:"3200",showTagline:f,twitter:"@FrontAIBigData",__typename:"Journal"},currentFrontiersJournal:{id:s,name:q,slug:t,printISSN:f,shortName:L,electronicISSN:M,abbreviation:aa,specialtyId:f,publicationDate:f,isOnline:h,isOpenForSubmissions:h,spaceId:c,field:{id:ab,domainId:c,__typename:"journal_field"},__typename:a},articleHubSlug:e,articleHubPage:N,currentArticle:{id:1008737,doi:ac,title:O,acceptanceDate:new Date(1664812274000),receptionDate:new Date(1659332709000),publicationDate:new Date(1667779200000),isPublished:h,abstract:ad,researchTopic:{id:23763,title:"Hunting for New Physics: Triggering, Real-Time Analysis and Anomaly Detection in High Energy Physics",articlesCount:p,isMagazinePage:i,slug:"hunting-for-new-physics-triggering-real-time-analysis-and-anomaly-detection-in-high-energy-physics",isOpenForSubmission:i},articleType:{id:24,name:"Original Research"},stage:{id:P,name:e},keywords:["LHCb","Trigger","Rta","LLP","gpu","SCIFI","BSM"],authors:[{id:l,firstName:ae,lastName:"Calefice",givenNames:ae,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:i,userId:l,affiliations:[{organizationName:af,countryName:ag,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:ah,countryName:ai,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:l,firstName:aj,lastName:"Hennequin",givenNames:aj,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:i,userId:l,affiliations:[{organizationName:ak,countryName:Q,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:al,firstName:am,lastName:"Henry",givenNames:am,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:al,affiliations:[{organizationName:z,countryName:A,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:an,firstName:ao,lastName:"Jashal",givenNames:ao,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:an,affiliations:[{organizationName:z,countryName:A,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:ap,firstName:aq,lastName:"Mendoza",givenNames:aq,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ap,affiliations:[{organizationName:u,countryName:v,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:ar,firstName:as,lastName:"Oyanguren",givenNames:as,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ar,affiliations:[{organizationName:u,countryName:v,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:l,firstName:at,lastName:"Sanderswood",givenNames:at,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:i,userId:l,affiliations:[{organizationName:u,countryName:v,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:l,firstName:au,lastName:"Sierra",givenNames:au,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:i,userId:l,affiliations:[{organizationName:z,countryName:A,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:av,firstName:aw,lastName:"Zhuo",givenNames:aw,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:av,affiliations:[{organizationName:u,countryName:v,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:l,firstName:ax,lastName:e,givenNames:ax,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:i,userId:l,affiliations:[{organizationName:af,countryName:ag,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:ah,countryName:ai,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:ak,countryName:Q,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:z,countryName:A,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e},{organizationName:u,countryName:v,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],editors:[{id:ay,firstName:az,lastName:"Spannowsky",givenNames:az,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:ay,affiliations:[{organizationName:"Durham University",countryName:"United Kingdom",cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],reviewers:[{id:aA,firstName:aB,lastName:"Lusito",givenNames:aB,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:aA,affiliations:[{organizationName:"Inside Climate Service",countryName:"Italy",cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]},{id:aC,firstName:aD,lastName:"Kish",givenNames:aD,isCorresponding:i,isProfilePublic:h,userId:aC,affiliations:[{organizationName:"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (DOE)",countryName:Q,cityName:e,stateName:e,zipCode:e}]}],journal:{id:s,slug:t,name:q,shortName:L,electronicISSN:M,field:{id:ab,domainId:c},specialtyId:f,journalSectionPaths:[{section:aE}]},section:aE,impactMetrics:{views:2773,downloads:720,citations:p},volume:p,articleVolume:"Volume 5 - 2022",relatedArticles:[],isPublishedV2:i,contents:{titleHtml:O,fullTextHtml:"\u003Cdiv class=\"JournalAbstract\"\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h1\" name=\"h1\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"authors\"\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg\" alt=\"\\nLukas Calefice,\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\"\u003ELukas Calefice\u003Csup\u003E1,2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg\" alt=\"Arthur Hennequin\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\"\u003EArthur Hennequin\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1974290\" class=\"user-id-1974290\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F1974290\u002F74\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\" alt=\"Louis Henry\"\u003ELouis Henry\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F2058328\" class=\"user-id-2058328\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F2058328\u002F74\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\" alt=\"Brij Jashal\"\u003EBrij Jashal\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F2036716\" class=\"user-id-2036716\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F2036716\u002F74\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\" alt=\"Diego Mendoza\"\u003EDiego Mendoza\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1601843\" class=\"user-id-1601843\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F1601843\u002F74\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\" alt=\"Arantza Oyanguren
\"\u003EArantza Oyanguren\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Csup\u003E*\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg\" alt=\"Izaac Sanderswood\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\"\u003EIzaac Sanderswood\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Vzquez Sierra\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\"\u003ECarlos Vázquez Sierra\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"author-wrapper notranslate\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1994727\" class=\"user-id-1994727\"\u003E\u003Cimg class=\"pr5\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002F1994727\u002F74\" onerror=\"this.onerror=null;this.src='https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fcdn\u002Fimages\u002Fprofile\u002Fdefault_32.jpg';\" alt=\"Jiahui Zhuo and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration\"\u003EJiahui Zhuo\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cul class=\"notes\"\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003ELaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, CNRS\u002FIN2P3, Paris, France\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EFakultät Physik, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E3\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003ELaboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E4\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Csup\u003E5\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003EInstituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELong-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their very displaced vertices. This study evaluated the ability of the trigger algorithms used in the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment to detect long-lived particles and attempted to adapt them to enhance the sensitivity of this experiment to undiscovered long-lived particles. A model with a Higgs portal to a dark sector is tested, and the sensitivity reach is discussed. In the LHCb tracking system, the farthest tracking station from the collision point is the scintillating fiber tracker, the SciFi detector. One of the challenges in the track reconstruction is to deal with the large amount of and combinatorics of hits in the LHCb detector. A dedicated algorithm has been developed to cope with the large data output. When fully implemented, this algorithm would greatly increase the available statistics for any long-lived particle search in the forward region and would additionally improve the sensitivity of analyses dealing with Standard Model particles of large lifetime, such as \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E or Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E hadrons.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"JournalFullText\"\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h2\" name=\"h2\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E1. Introduction\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EThe Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) (\u003Ca href=\"#B5\"\u003EAlves et al., 2008\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) is one of the experiments based at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that aims to explore the limitations of the well-tested Standard Model of particle physics. The imbalance of matter and antimatter in the Universe, the presence of neutrino masses, and the nature of dark matter are some examples of open questions for models of undiscovered physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) that has been proposed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe observation of the new processes that may be currently indiscernible is directly related to the accelerator luminosity. To meet the new challenges posed by Run 3 data taking at the LHC, the LHCb detector has undergone a major upgrade (\u003Ca href=\"#B10\"\u003ELHCb, 2014a\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) to run at a higher luminosity of \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathvariant=\"script\"\u003EL\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"mbox\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Einst\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E=\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E×\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E1\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E33\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Ec\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Es\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E1\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E. This luminosity corresponds to an averaged bunch collision frequency of 30 MHz, from where the full detector readout produces around 4 TB\u002Fs of raw data. To handle such detector occupancy and to search for rare processes among well-known SM events are computing challenges managed by the \u003Ci\u003Etrigger\u003C\u002Fi\u003E system. The trigger system decides what information is recorded for later analysis. It must use simplified criteria to maintain a minimal latency. The previously used L0 hardware system is not suitable for such a high luminosity. Therefore, the LHCb trigger has been redesigned to remove the L0 hardware system and rely on a fully-software based architecture, which consists of two stages: HLT1 and HLT2 (\u003Ca href=\"#B12\"\u003ELHCb, 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), explained in the following sections.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h3\" name=\"h3\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E2. Materials and methods\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"pt0\"\u003E2.1. The LHCb detector\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EThe upgraded LHCb detector, which will be operating during Run 3, detailed by \u003Ca href=\"#B6\"\u003EBediaga et al. (2012)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is summarized below. The most important detector improvements as compared to the previous detector (\u003Ca href=\"#B5\"\u003EAlves et al., 2008\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) are the new tracking system and the readout architecture. The readout architecture uses a purely software-based trigger that enables data to be recorded at five times the previous rate, and increases the acceptance of purely hadronic b decays by up to a factor of 2. LHCb is comprised of a tracking system (Vertex Locator, Upstream Tracker, and SciFi tracker), as well as two Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors, a hadronic calorimeter, and an electromagnetic and muon chambers. These are summarized below.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe VErtex LOcator (VELO) is based on pixelated-silicon sensors and is critical to determine the decay vertices of b and c flavored hadrons. The Upstream Tracker, UT, contains vertically-segmented silicon strips and continues the tracking upstream of the VELO. It is also used to determine the momentum of charged particles with Δ\u003Ci\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u002F\u003Ci\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fi\u003E ≈ 10% and is useful for removing low-momentum tracks from being extrapolated downstream, thus speeding up the software trigger by about a factor of 3. Tracking after the magnet is handled by the new scintillating fiber-based Scintillating Fiber detector (SciFi). Two Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detectors supply particle identification. RICH1 is mainly for lower momentum particles and RICH2 is for higher momentum ones. The Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) identifies electrons and reconstructs photons and neutral pions. The Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL) measures the energy deposits of hadrons, and the muon chambers M2-M5 are mostly used for muon identification. \u003Ca href=\"#F1\"\u003EFigure 1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the LHCb upgrade detector.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 1\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" name=\"figure1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F1\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 1\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Sketch of the new LHCb detector.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E2.2. The LHCb event-builder\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe main goal of the upgraded LHCb data-acquisition system is to enable the event filter to efficiently select events based on the full data readout from the detectors. The heart of the LHCb online system is the event builder, which is capable of collecting and aggregating data fragments coming from the FPGA front-ends of the various sub-detectors at the full collision rate of 30 MHz (\u003Ca href=\"#B11\"\u003ELHCb, 2014b\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). The data size of a full event during the Run 3 is expected to be as high as 150 kB. Therefore, taking into account the data packed and the transfer protocol overheads, the new event builder has to sustain a throughput of up to 40 Tb\u002Fs. The event builder is essentially made up of three components: the readout units, the builder units, and the network interconnecting them. Each readout unit receives the event fragments from the detector point-to-point links and makes them available on the EB network. For each event, one of the builder units gathers all the event fragments from all the readout units, assembles them into a complete event, and writes it into HLT1 input buffer for event filtering. The present event-buider architecture relies on 163 EB servers interconnected through a 200 Gbits\u002Fs bi-directional network, as shown in \u003Ca href=\"#F2\"\u003EFigure 2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The EB nodes have free PCIe slots that host GPU (Graphic Processing Units) cards to process the HLT1. This has the advantage of reducing the amount of data sent to the Event Filter Farm (EFF) and therefore reduces network costs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 2\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" name=\"figure2\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g002.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F2\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 2\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. The architecture of the new LHCb data readout and event-buider system.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E2.3. Track types at LHCb\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EIn LHCb, the tracking system for charged particles consists of three subsystems: VELO, UT, and SciFi. The magnet is also necessary to bend particles to estimate their momentum. Several track types are defined depending on the subdetectors involved in the reconstruction, as shown in \u003Ca href=\"#F3\"\u003EFigure 3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 3\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" name=\"figure3\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g003.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F3\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 3\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Track types in LHCb, as defined in \u003Ca style=\"color:grey;\" href=\"#B10\"\u003ELHCb (2014a)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EThe main track types considered for physics analyses are as follows:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• Long tracks, which have information from at least the VELO and the SciFi, and possibly the UT, are the main tracks used in physics analyses and at all stages of the trigger;\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• Downstream tracks, which have information from the UT and the SciFi, but not VELO, typically correspond to decay products of \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E and Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E hadron decays; and\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• T-tracks, which only have hits from the SciFi, are typically not included either in the trigger or in analysis. Nevertheless, their potential for physics has been recently outlined (\u003Ca href=\"#B13\"\u003ELHCb, 2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EWhen simulating collision data, tracks meeting certain thresholds are defined to be reconstructible and have an assigned type based on the subdetector reconstructibility. This is based on the existence of reconstructed detector digits or clusters in the emulated detector, which are matched to the simulated particles if the detector hits they originated from are properly linked (\u003Ca href=\"#B14\"\u003ELi et al., 2021\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). One can distinguish reconstructibility in the following subdetectors:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• VELO: at least 3 pixel sensors and at least 1 digit each.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• UT: at least 2 clusters where 1 cluster has to be in layer one or two and 1 in layer three or four. The clusters can be x or stereo clusters.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1.6em;text-indent:-0.6em;text-align:left\"\u003E• SciFi: at least 1 x cluster and 1 stereo cluster in each of the 3 SciFi stations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ERequirements for reconstructible Long tracks implies VELO and SciFi reconstructibility, Downstream tracks must satisfy the UT and SciFi reconstructibility, and T-tracks only requires SciFi reconstrucibility.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E2.4. The high-level trigger\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EThe trigger of the LHCb detector readout in Run 3 and later is fully software based and comprises two levels: HLT1 and HLT2, described in \u003Ca href=\"#B12\"\u003ELHCb (2020)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Most notably, the HLT1 level has to be executed at a 30 MHz rate, which, thus, suffers from heavy constraints on timing for event reconstruction.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe HLT1 is the first trigger stage and performs partial event reconstruction to reduce the data rate. Tracking algorithms play a key role on fast event decisions, and the fact that they are inherently parallelizable processes suggests a way to increase the trigger performance. Thus, the HLT1 has been implemented on a number of GPUs through the Allen project (\u003Ca href=\"#B2\"\u003EAaij et al., 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E), which manages 4 TB\u002Fs and reduces the data rate by a factor of 30. After this initial selection, data are passed to a buffer system that allows real-time calibration and alignment of the detector. This is used for the full and improved event reconstruction carried out by HLT2. \u003Ca href=\"#F4\"\u003EFigure 4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the dataflow at LHCb in the first trigger level.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 4\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" name=\"figure4\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g004.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F4\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 4\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Dataflow for the first level of the trigger in the upgraded LHCb detector.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EDue to timing constraints, the current LHCb implementation in this stage is based on partial reconstruction and focuses solely on \u003Ci\u003Elong\u003C\u002Fi\u003E tracks, i.e., tracks that have hits in the VELO. This trigger thus significantly affects the identification of particles with long lifetimes, in particular LLP searches in LHCb, where some of the final-state particles are created further than roughly a meter away from the IP and thus outside of the VELO acceptance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EImplementing new fast tracking algorithms in HLT1, allowing direct access to Downstream and T tracks from HLT1 selections, could solve this actual LHCb inability in LLPs reconstruction.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E2.5. The SciFi seeding algorithm\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EHybrid seeding, detailed in \u003Ca href=\"#B4\"\u003EAiola et al. (2021)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is an iterative reconstruction algorithm that uses information from the SciFi subdetector of LHCb to reconstruct track segments, also called T-tracks. It exploits the four-layered structure of the SciFi stations, as shown in \u003Ca href=\"#F5\"\u003EFigure 5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which have two vertical outer (X) layers and two inclined inner (U, V) layers, which are inclined by ±5° to determine the \u003Ci\u003Ey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E-position of the trajectory.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 5\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" name=\"figure5\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g005.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F5\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 5\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Representation of a typical T-track trajectory in the SciFi. The x-z trajectory is modeled as a parabola with a fixed cubic correction, while the y-z trajectory is a line.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EThis algorithm operates in iterations or cases, starting from different layers to cover for hit inefficiency. Between each iteration, hits that were used to form a good-quality track are removed from the container, which allows the loosening of tolerance windows and track quality requirements as the environment is cleaned up by the algorithm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EEach iteration can be separated into two parts: the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E track finding and the U\u002FV hit addition. The trajectory of a track, as shown in \u003Ca href=\"#F5\"\u003EFigure 5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, can be approximated as a parabola with a fixed cubic correction in the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E plane and a straight line in the \u003Ci\u003Ey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E plane. Due to the geometry of the SciFi detector, y information can only be accessed using the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(\u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) equation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#F6\"\u003EFigure 6\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the principle of the triplet finding in the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E plane, which is the most computationally expensive part of the algorithm. Each hit in the first considered X layer is propagated onto a second X layer, assuming the track has infinite momentum and comes from the origin. A tolerance window is opened around that projection, assuming a minimum momentum, and all hits within this window are collected. The difference between the position of the second hit and the infinite momentum projection is a measurement of the momentum, which allows to estimate the bending within SciFi and to look for the third hit. Each triplet then provides the full track equation, and remaining hits are searched for. Tracklets are then selected according to quality criteria such as χ\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E of the fit to the trajectory and the number of hits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 6\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" name=\"figure6\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g006.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F6\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 6\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Formation of the triplets in x-z search. The position of a hit in a first layer is projected onto a second layer assuming infinite momentum, and all hits around that projection, given a momentum-dependent tolerance, are used to form 2-hit combination. A third hit is then looked for in a third layer using the estimated momentum from the 2-hits combination.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EGiven the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E(\u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E) track equation, hits on tilted U and V layers can be converted to a \u003Ci\u003Ey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E measurement. Considering that we expect tracks to be a straight line coming from the origin, these \u003Ci\u003Ey\u003C\u002Fi\u003E measurements are converted to a slope measurement, and the algorithm looks for the accumulation of similar slope measurements in different U\u002FV layers. This is called Hough transformation and clustering. Each Hough cluster which has enough hits is then tested by adding it to the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E track and performing a global fit to the trajectory. Tracks that do not pass quality requirements on that fit are rejected. The seeds reconstructed by the Hybrid seeding are then used to form more complex tracks. They are matched with VELO segments to form Long tracks or with hits in the UT to form Downstream tracks. The remaining tracklets are then called T-tracks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ERecently, an optimization and high-throughput configuration of this algorithm has been implemented in the new GPU architecture of the LHCb trigger system. The main features of this new seeding is the high level of parallelism and the reimplementation of the U\u002FV hit addition as a sequential hit search, similar to that performed in the \u003Ci\u003Ex\u003C\u002Fi\u003E − \u003Ci\u003Ez\u003C\u002Fi\u003E part. Additionally, some quality criteria have been tightened. \u003Ca href=\"#F7\"\u003EFigure 7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the preliminary physics performance of the Hybrid seeding algorithm as implemented on GPUs on Long tracks coming from the \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003Es\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E → \u003Ci\u003Eϕϕ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E decay channel, where the \u003Ci\u003Eϕ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E meson is reconstructed from two kaons of opposite signs that traverse the SciFi detector.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 7\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" name=\"figure7\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g007.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F7\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 7\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Efficiency of the Hybrid seeding reconstruction on GPUs as a function of the track momentum of Long tracks produced from \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003Es\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E → \u003Ci\u003Eϕϕ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E decays [LHCb-FIGURE-2022-010].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E2.6. Higgs portal to dark matter\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ESome models of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field serving as the portal to a dark sector, which could accommodate dark matter candidates (\u003Ca href=\"#B9\"\u003EKachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). One of the simplest and well-known models in this regard predicts the existence of a mixed state between a new scalar low-mass boson (H') and the SM Higgs (H), regulated by the mixing strength θ:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"equationImageholder\"\u003E\u003Cmath id=\"M1\"\u003E\u003Cmtable class=\"eqnarray\" columnalign=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cmtr\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eh\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E=\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"text\" mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Ecos\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eθ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"text\" mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003Esin\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eθ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"text\" mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003E    \u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtr\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtable\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EIn this model, H' can be interpreted as a mediator to a dark sector of unknown mass and lifetime. This model could be validated through the experimental signature of the decay \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E→\u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E′\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, with the H' decaying into π\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003Eπ\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, orτ\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003Eτ\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, depending on its mass. A displaced vertex could be determined, allowing to reconstruct the H' mass from the kinematics and the identification of the two decay particles. The sensitivity to this model depends nevertheless on the H' mass and lifetime, which could lead the new scalar to decay outside the detector fiducial volume. In particular, if the H' has long lifetime, the two final decay particles would not be selected by the first level of the LHCb trigger, thus escaping detection. \u003Ca href=\"#F8\"\u003EFigure 8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the parameter regions and the sensitivity of different (present and future) experiments to the H' (\u003Ca href=\"#B9\"\u003EKachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). One should note that the mixing angle is directly related to the decay width, and thus to the lifetime, with small mixing angles implying long lifetimes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 8\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" name=\"figure8\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g008.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F8\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 8\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Parameter space regions for the \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E → \u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E′\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E and \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E → \u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E′\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E*\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E decay channels \u003Cb\u003E(top)\u003C\u002Fb\u003E and sensitivity to the H' displaced vertex by different present and future experiments \u003Cb\u003E(bottom)\u003C\u002Fb\u003E, (Figures adapted from \u003Ca style=\"color:grey;\" href=\"#B9\"\u003EKachanovich, Aliaksei et al., 2020\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EConsidering the leptonic decay mode H' → \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E, the decay rate can be expressed by:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"equationImageholder\"\u003E\u003Cmath id=\"M2\"\u003E\u003Cmtable class=\"eqnarray\" columnalign=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cmtr\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EΓ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eℓ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eℓ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E=\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Esin\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eθ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmfrac\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EG\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EF\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eℓ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmsqrt\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsqrt\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eπ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmfrac\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"true\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmfrac\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eℓ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmfrac\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"true\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u002F\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E,\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"text\" mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003E    \u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtr\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtable\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003Ewhere \u003Ci\u003EG\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003EF\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E is the Fermi constant and \u003Ci\u003Em\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003El\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E the lepton mass. The Higgs lifetime can be computed:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"equationImageholder\"\u003E\u003Cmath id=\"M3\"\u003E\u003Cmtable class=\"eqnarray\" columnalign=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cmtr\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eτ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E=\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmfrac\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EΓ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E+\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmfrac\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E.\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003Cmtd\u003E\u003Cmstyle class=\"text\" mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003E    \u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003C\u002Fmstyle\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E(\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003Cmo mathsize=\"10.5pt\" mathcolor=\"black\" stretchy=\"false\"\u003E)\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtd\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtr\u003E\u003C\u002Fmtable\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe following sections discuss the sensitivity of the LHCb experiment at the trigger level to the H' decay into the \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E final state. This decay channel binds the Higgs mass to be \u003Ci\u003Em\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E > 2\u003Ci\u003Em\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E ≈ 212 MeV\u002Fc\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E. The H' mass is also constrained to \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EH\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003E′\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E<\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EB\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E+\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E-\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Em\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E+\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E≈\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E4700\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E MeV\u002Fc\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h4\" name=\"h4\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E3. Results\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Ch3 class=\"pt0\"\u003E3.1. Sensitivity to \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E→\u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E′(→ \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E)\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E decays\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15\"\u003EUsing the upgraded LHCb simulation, 99 MC samples of 7,000 events each are simulated from proton-proton collisions. The samples are generated using Pythia8 and assuming Run 3 beam conditions. The \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E→\u003Ci\u003EH\u003C\u002Fi\u003E′(→ \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E)\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E decay channel is generated considering H' masses in the range of 500–4,500 MeV and lifetimes from 1 to 2,000 ps.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe decay vertex of the H' is expected to be displaced with a dependence on these variables, and they will be labeled in the following according to the track type of the two muons (two Long tracks = LL, two Downstream tracks = DD and two T-tracks = TT). LL vertices are thus expected to be produced in the Velo detector, DD between the Velo and the UT, and TT vertices between the UT and SciFi. The reconstructibility of these vertices is defined according to the track reconstructibility criteria defined in Section 2.3, and imposing that the two muons are coming from the same vertex. \u003Ca href=\"#F9\"\u003EFigure 9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the reconstructibility of the decay vertex of the H' particle as a function of its mass and lifetime. For lifetimes below 10 ps, a large proportion of LL vertex topologies is found, as expected, where the H' decays in the VELO acceptance and both muons can be reconstructed as Long tracks. Nevertheless, for H' lifetimes larger than 100ps (and small-mixing angle), most of the decays are produced downstream the VELO, resulting in a large proportion of the DD and TT topologies. These fractions are very similar in the case that the H' decays into two hadrons\u003Csup id=\"footnotesuper1\"\u003E\u003Ca id=\"note1a\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca class=\"footnoteanchor\" href=\"#note1\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 9\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" name=\"figure9\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g009.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F9\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 9\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Reconstructibility of the decay vertex of the H' particle as a function of its mass and lifetime. Decay topologies are shown, from top to bottom, in the order: LL, DD, and TT, corresponding to the track types of the two muons.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mt15 w100pc float_left\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#F10\"\u003EFigure 10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the LHCb HLT1 effect when triggering on the H' decay products (Trigger on Signal, TOS). Since only Long tracks are reconstructed at the HLT1 level, a high inefficiency can be observed for large H' lifetimes, going down 10% for lifetimes larger than 500ps. A loss in sensitivity for small H' masses is also observed, and since the H' is experiencing larger boosts, muons, are escaping from detection in the VELO.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 10\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" name=\"figure10\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g010.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F10\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 10\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Proportion of events triggered by the HLT1 decision on the H' decay products (Trigger on Signal, TOS).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ch3\u003E3.2. Study of long-lived SM particles: Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E\u003C\u002Fh3\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ESome strange SM particles, such as \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E and Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E baryons, also have long lifetimes of the order of 100ps. These particles are reconstructed in many physics analysis to measure observables which can be sensitive to new physics models. One example is the rare \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eγ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E decay, where the Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E baryon decays into a proton and a pion. Measurements of the branching fraction and the angular distribution of the decay particles are sensitive to models with non-standard right-handed currents (\u003Ca href=\"#B3\"\u003EAaij et al., 2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B1\"\u003E2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; \u003Ca href=\"#B8\"\u003EGarćıa Mart́ın et al., 2019\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). Another example is the very rare \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E → \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E decay, very suppressed in SM, not observed experimentally at present, which is sensitive to different BSM scenarios such as SUSY (\u003Ca href=\"#B16\"\u003EZhu, 2012\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) or presence of leptoquarks (\u003Ca href=\"#B7\"\u003EBobeth and Buras, 2018\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). \u003Ca href=\"#F11\"\u003EFigure 11\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the sensitivity to the \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E → \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E decay channel (in terms of branching fraction limit) as a function of the product of the trigger efficiency and luminosity.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 11\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" name=\"figure11\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g011.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F11\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 11\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Sensitivity (green band) to the \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E → \u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E+\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E\u003Ci\u003Eμ\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E−\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E branching fraction as function of the trigger efficiency × luminosity. The SM prediction is shown in black (\u003Ca style=\"color:grey;\" href=\"#B15\"\u003ESantos, 2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mt15 w100pc float_left\"\u003EUsing 10,000 simulated events, the HLT1 trigger effect has been studied on these two decay channels involving Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E particles. \u003Ca href=\"#F12\"\u003EFigure 12\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows the normalized number of reconstructible events (LL+DD+TT) as a function of the end decay vertex of the Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and of the \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"Imageheaders\"\u003EFIGURE 12\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"FigureDesc\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" name=\"figure12\" target=\"_blank\"\u003E\n\n \u003Cpicture\u003E\n \u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=480&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 563px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=370&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1024px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=290&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 1441px)\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fwebp\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=410&f=webp\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E\u003Csource type=\"image\u002Fjpg\" srcset=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" media=\"\"\u003E \u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g012.jpg\" alt=\"www.frontiersin.org\" id=\"F12\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003E\n \u003C\u002Fpicture\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFigure 12\u003C\u002Fb\u003E. Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E \u003Cb\u003E(top)\u003C\u002Fb\u003E and \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E \u003Cb\u003E(bottom)\u003C\u002Fb\u003E reconstructible candidates as function of the decay vertex position. The Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E candidates decay into a pion and a proton. The \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E candidates decay into two muons of opposite charges. Vertical color lines indicate the positions of the Velo, UT, and SciFi detectors in the Z-axis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"DottedLine\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb15 w100pc float_left mt15\"\u003EThe relative proportions of track types are 12% (LL), 51% (DD), and 37% (TT) for the \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eγ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E decay channel. For the case of prompt \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E, the amount of reconstructible tracks is 46% (LL), 38% (DD), and 16% (TT), One should notice that a large amount of decays occurs at the end of the VELO and they do not let enough hits to be reconstructed as Long tracks, being reconstructed thus in the DD category. That is, the amount of DD+TT tracks is about 88% for the \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eγ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E decay channel and 54% for prompt \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EOne can apply the HLT1 conditions on the reconstructible events, and in particular, to check how many events are selected by inclusive trigger lines, such as the OneTrackMVA or TwoTrackMVA. They require tracks with minimum transverse momentum and minimum Impact Parameter (IP) significance with respect to the Primary Vertex, and for the latter, they form a vertex with minimum requirements. In the case of \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eγ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E, the HLT1 signal efficiency for the proton and pion coming from the Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E is found to be less than 10%. In the case of \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E, the HLT1 efficiency on the muons, adding some inclusive muon lines and dedicated lines for \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E selection, is less than 25%. We normalize the efficiency to the sum of LL+DD+TT reconstructible events. The \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E candidates in this study are prompt, produced at the interaction point. In the case that \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E candidates are coming from the decays of b or c-hadrons, the amount of reconstructible LL candidates is expected to decrease, thus increasing the HLT1 inefficiency.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h5\" name=\"h5\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E4. Prospects\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EA downstream algorithm, making use of the high performance of the Seeding algorithm described earlier, is currently being developed within the LHCb-RTA Collaboration. Preliminary studies showed that, in the case that DD tracks could be reconstructed and selected at the HLT1 stage, efficiencies for LLPs could increase to 60% or more. A lot of effort is also being devoted to the development of inclusive trigger lines based on SciFi seeds, even if the high occupancy and track combinatorics in this detector makes it quite challenging in terms of allowed rates. The use of machine learning algorithms is also being investigated, which could be applied at an early stage to improve the T-track classification. With the new HLT1 framework based on the GPU architectures, this task seems feasible, now or in a near future, by using faster and better performing GPU cards.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h6\" name=\"h6\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E5. Conclusion\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EIn summary, during the past years, the LHCb detector has undergone a major upgrade, which will allow the data for Run 3 to be taken at an averaged proton-proton collision rate of 30 MHz. The first trigger stage of the LHCb will be based for the first time entirely on GPU cards following the Allen framework, a complete high-throughput trigger algorithm design. This will largely increase the capabilities of the trigger system for selecting the data of interest. Tracking reconstruction at early stages of the data chain is becoming an arduous task due to the increase of the output data. This is even more challenging if the reconstruction involves particle trajectories that do not leave signals in the first tracker of the LHCb detector, hitting only the UT and\u002For the SciFi, which are bigger detectors with high occupancy. Even if the main program of the LHCb experiment is based on the reconstruction of b- and c-hadron decay particles, which are usually Long tracks, there is an important physics case for Downstream and T-tracks to be participating in the first stage of the trigger. The trigger efficiency for long-lived particles is at present very low. This is true for both the cases of BSM and in the Standard Model formalism. In this study, we studied the impact of the HLT1 on a model based on a Higgs portal to a dark sector, where the Higgs can have several masses and lifetimes. For long lifetimes and small masses of the Higgs, the HLT1 inefficiency is found to be quite large. We also tested how the HLT1 decisions affect Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E decays, as observed in many Standard Model processes. For these cases, the selected events are one-fourth or less of the possible reconstructible candidates. To improve the HLT1 efficiency, an algorithm is being developed in the Allen framework, which makes the use of the SciFi seeds to reconstruct trajectories of particles with long lifetimes. The inclusion of this algorithm will allow to largely increase the efficiency for Λ\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E and \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E and would open a large window for the searches of many particles beyond the Standard Model.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h7\" name=\"h7\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E6. LHCb-RTA collaboration\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe authors of this article want to acknowledge the contribution of Christina Agapopoulou and Lorenzo Pica to the development of the seeding and matching trigger algorithms on GPUs. The contribution of Renato Quagliani has also been decisive for the development of the algorithm. We acknowledge the theoretical discussions with Xabier Cid Vidal. The study of Fernando Martinez Vidal and Nicola Neri, as well as the Università di Milano LHCb group on the usability of T-tracks in LHCb, is also very relevant in this context. Similarly, the study of Giovanni Punzi and the LHCb group of the Università di Pisa related to other hardware architectures will be crucial for this study in the near future. We also express our gratitude to our colleagues of the LHCb Collaboration, in particular to the LHCb's computing, simulation, DPA, and online projects. This study has been developed in the framework of the RTA project, so we thank our colleagues of RTA for their support and dedication.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h8\" name=\"h8\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EData availability statement\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe datasets used in this work have been produced and analyzed inside the LHCb computing framework and are subject to the LHCb agreements and rules. They could be made available upon request, ensuring compliance with privacy agreements and other requirements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h9\" name=\"h9\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAuthor contributions\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003ELC, LH, AH, BJ, and JZ worked on the Hybrid seeding algorithm and achieved its implementation on GPUs. CVS developed the framework for MC simulations BSM. AO, LH, and DM performed the sensitivity studies including different decay channels and physics models. JZ also contributed to get the track reconstructibility for SM samples. IS worked on the reconstruction of T-tracks from the SciFi seeds and validated their use for physics analyses. AO is the main editor of the paper. All authors have contributed in the edition of the paper and the creation of the figures.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h10\" name=\"h10\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFunding\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThis work is supported and has been developed in the framework of the RTA project inside the LHCb collaboration. This work has been partially funded by the CERN and the MICINN national agency in Spain. AH is supported by the NSF award 1904160. DM is supported by the CONEXION AIHUB-CSIC. LC is funded by the ERC Refs: 724777-RECEPT and 714536-PRECISION, as well as the PUNCH4NFDI consortium supported by the DFG fund NFDI 39\u002F1.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h11\" name=\"h11\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EConflict of interest\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h12\" name=\"h12\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EPublisher's note\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"mb0\"\u003EAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h13\" name=\"h13\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFootnotes\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\"footnotetext\" class=\"fulltextdescription\"\u003E\n\u003Cp style=\"margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:0em;margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;\" id=\"note1\"\u003E1. \u003Ca class=\"footnotetextanchor\" href=\"#note1a\" title=\"\"\u003E^\u003C\u002Fa\u003EOne should note that the tracking reconstruction at this level does not include particle identification.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Ca id=\"h14\" name=\"h14\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EReferences\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B1\" id=\"B1\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Aaij, R., Abdelmotteleb, A. S. W., Beteta, C. A., Abudinén, F. J., Ackernley, T., Adeva, B., et al. (2022). Measurement of the photon polarization in \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E → Λ γ decays. \u003Ci\u003EPhys. Rev. D\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 105, L051104. doi: 10.1103\u002FPhysRevD.105.L051104\n\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1103\u002FPhysRevD.105.L051104\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=A.+S.+W.+Abdelmotteleb&author=C.+A.+Beteta&author=F.+J.+Abudinén&author=T.+Ackernley&author=B.+Adeva+&publication_year=2022&title=Measurement+of+the+photon+polarization+in+Λb0+→+Λ+γ+decays&journal=Phys.+Rev.+D&volume=105&pages=L051104\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B2\" id=\"B2\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Aaij, R., Albrecht, J., Belous, M., Billoir, P., Boettcher, T., Rodríguez, A. B., et al. (2020). Allen: a high-level trigger on GPUs for LHCb. \u003Ci\u003EComput. Software Big Sci\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. 4, 7. doi: 10.1007\u002Fs41781-020-00039-7\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F33385105\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPubMed Abstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002Fs41781-020-00039-7\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=J.+Albrecht&author=M.+Belous&author=P.+Billoir&author=T.+Boettcher&author=A.+B.+Rodríguez+&publication_year=2020&title=Allen%3A+a+high-level+trigger+on+GPUs+for+LHCb&journal=Comput.+Software+Big+Sci&volume=4&pages=7\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B3\" id=\"B3\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Aaij, R., Beteta, C. A., Adeva, B., Adinolfi, M., Aidala, C. A., Ajaltouni, Z., et al. (2019). First observation of the radiative decay \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmo\u003E→\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmo\u003EΛ\u003C\u002Fmo\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Eγ\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E. \u003Ci\u003EPhys. Rev. Lett\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. 123, 031801. doi: 10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.123.031801\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F31386473\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPubMed Abstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1103\u002FPhysRevLett.123.031801\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=R.+Aaij&author=C.+A.+Beteta&author=B.+Adeva&author=M.+Adinolfi&author=C.+A.+Aidala&author=Z.+Ajaltouni+&publication_year=2019&title=First+observation+of+the+radiative+decay+Λb0→Λγ&journal=Phys.+Rev.+Lett&volume=123&pages=031801\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B4\" id=\"B4\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Aiola, S., Amhis, Y., Billoir, P., Jashal, B. K., Henry, L., Oyanguren, A., et al. (2021). Hybrid seeding: a standalone track reconstruction algorithm for scintillating fibre tracker at lhcb. \u003Ci\u003EComput. Phys. Commun\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. 260, 107713. doi: 10.1016\u002Fj.cpc.2020.107713\n\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1016\u002Fj.cpc.2020.107713\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=S.+Aiola&author=Y.+Amhis&author=P.+Billoir&author=B.+K.+Jashal&author=L.+Henry&author=A.+Oyanguren+&publication_year=2021&title=Hybrid+seeding%3A+a+standalone+track+reconstruction+algorithm+for+scintillating+fibre+tracker+at+lhcb&journal=Comput.+Phys.+Commun&volume=260&pages=107713\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B5\" id=\"B5\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Alves Jr, A. A., Barbosa, A. F., Bediaga, I., Cernicchiaro, G., Guerrer, G., Lima Jr, H. P., et al. (2008). The LHCb detector at the LHC. \u003Ci\u003EJINST\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 3, S08005. doi: 10.1088\u002F1748-0221\u002F3\u002F08\u002FS08005\n\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1088\u002F1748-0221\u002F3\u002F08\u002FS08005\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=A.+A.+Alves+Jr&author=A.+F.+Barbosa&author=I.+Bediaga&author=G.+Cernicchiaro&author=G.+Guerrer&author=H.+P.+Lima+Jr+&publication_year=2008&title=The+LHCb+detector+at+the+LHC&journal=JINST&volume=3&pages=S08005\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B6\" id=\"B6\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Bediaga, I., De Miranda, J. M., Rodrigues, F., et al. (2012). \u003Ci\u003EFramework TDR for the LHCb Upgrade: Technical Design Report, CERN-LHCC-2012-007\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. Technical report.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=I.+Bediaga&author=J.+M.+De+Miranda&author=F.+Rodrigues+&publication_year=2012&title=Framework+TDR+for+the+LHCb+Upgrade%3A+Technical+Design+Report,+CERN-LHCC-2012-007\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B7\" id=\"B7\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Bobeth, C., and Buras, A. J. (2018). Leptoquarks meet ε′\u002Fε and rare Kaon processes. \u003Ci\u003EJHEP\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 02, 101. doi: 10.1007\u002FJHEP02(2018)101\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1007\u002FJHEP02(2018)101\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=C.+Bobeth&author=A.+J.+Buras+&publication_year=2018&title=Leptoquarks+meet+ε′%2Fε+and+rare+Kaon+processes&journal=JHEP&volume=02&pages=101\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B8\" id=\"B8\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E García Martín, L. M., Jashal, B., Martínez Vidal, F., Oyanguren, A., Roy, S., Sain, R., et al. (2019). Radiative \u003Ci\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fi\u003E-baryon decays to measure the photon and \u003Ci\u003Eb\u003C\u002Fi\u003E-baryon polarization. \u003Ci\u003EEur. Phys. J. C\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 79, 634. doi: 10.1140\u002Fepjc\u002Fs10052-019-7123-7\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1140\u002Fepjc\u002Fs10052-019-7123-7\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=L.+M.+García+Martín&author=B.+Jashal&author=F.+Martínez+Vidal&author=A.+Oyanguren&author=S.+Roy&author=R.+Sain+&publication_year=2019&title=Radiative+b-baryon+decays+to+measure+the+photon+and+b-baryon+polarization&journal=Eur.+Phys.+J.+C&volume=79&pages=634\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B9\" id=\"B9\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Kachanovich, A., Nierste, U, and Nisandzić, I. (2020). Higgs portal to dark matter and \u003Ci\u003EB\u003C\u002Fi\u003E→\u003Ci\u003EK\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csup\u003E(\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E*) decays. \u003Ci\u003EEur. Phys. J. C\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 80, 669. doi: 10.1140\u002Fepjc\u002Fs10052-020-8240-z\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1140\u002Fepjc\u002Fs10052-020-8240-z\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=A.+Kachanovich&author=U+Nierste&author=I.+Nisandzić+&publication_year=2020&title=Higgs+portal+to+dark+matter+and+B→K(*)+decays&journal=Eur.+Phys.+J.+C&volume=80&pages=669\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B10\" id=\"B10\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E LHCb (2014a). \u003Ci\u003ELHCb Tracker Upgrade Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-015\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Technical report.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?publication_year=2014a&title=LHCb+Tracker+Upgrade+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-015\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B11\" id=\"B11\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E LHCb (2014b). \u003Ci\u003ELHCb Trigger and Online Upgrade Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-016\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Technical report.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?publication_year=2014b&title=LHCb+Trigger+and+Online+Upgrade+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-016\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B12\" id=\"B12\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E LHCb (2020). \u003Ci\u003ELHCb Upgrade GPU High Level Trigger Technical Design Report, LHCB-TDR-021\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Technical report, CERN, Geneva.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?publication_year=2020&title=LHCb+Upgrade+GPU+High+Level+Trigger+Technical+Design+Report,+LHCB-TDR-021\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\" style=\"margin-bottom:0.5em;\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B13\" id=\"B13\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E LHCb (2022). \u003Ci\u003ELong-lived particle reconstruction downstream of the LHCb magnet, CERN-LHCb-DP-2022-001\u003C\u002Fi\u003E, Technical report.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B14\" id=\"B14\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Li, P., Rodrigues, E., and Stahl, S. (2021). Tracking definitions and conventions for run 3 and beyond. \u003Ci\u003ELHCb-PUB-2021-B-2005\u003C\u002Fi\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=P.+Li&author=E.+Rodrigues&author=S.+Stahl+&publication_year=2021&title=Tracking+definitions+and+conventions+for+run+3+and+beyond&journal=LHCb-PUB-2021-B-2005\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B15\" id=\"B15\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Santos, D. M. (2022). Studies performed by Diego Martínez Santos (IGFAE-USC), private communication. \u003Ci\u003EEPJ Web of Conferences.\u003C\u002Fi\u003E doi: 10.1051\u002Fepjconf\u002F201817901013\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1051\u002Fepjconf\u002F201817901013\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"References\"\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy1\"\u003E\u003Ca name=\"B16\" id=\"B16\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Zhu, X. (2012). \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsubsup\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmtext\u003E\u003Cmn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E, Λ and Ξ production at intermediate to high \u003Ci\u003Ep\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Csub\u003E\u003Ci\u003ET\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003C\u002Fsub\u003E from au+au collisions at \u003Cmath\u003E\u003Cmsqrt\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmsub\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003Es\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003Cmrow\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EN\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003Cmi\u003EN\u003C\u002Fmi\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsub\u003E\u003C\u002Fmrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmsqrt\u003E\u003C\u002Fmath\u003E= 39, 11.5 and 7.7 gev. \u003Ci\u003EOpen Phys\u003C\u002Fi\u003E. 10, 1345–1348. doi: 10.2478\u002Fs11534-012-0102-3\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"ReferencesCopy2\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.2478\u002Fs11534-012-0102-3\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECrossRef Full Text\u003C\u002Fa\u003E | \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fscholar.google.com\u002Fscholar_lookup?author=X.+Zhu+&publication_year=2012&title=KS0,+Λ+and+Ξ+production+at+intermediate+to+high+pT+from+au+au+collisions+at+sNN=+39,+11.5+and+7.7+gev&journal=Open+Phys&volume=10&pages=1345-1348\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EGoogle Scholar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"thinLineM20\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"AbstractSummary\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EKeywords:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E LHCb, trigger, real time analysis, long-lived particles, GPU, SciFi, beyond standard physics\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECitation:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Calefice L, Hennequin A, Henry L, Jashal B, Mendoza D, Oyanguren A, Sanderswood I, Sierra CV, Zhuo J and Part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration (2022) Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb. \u003Ci\u003EFront. Big Data\u003C\u002Fi\u003E 5:1008737. doi: 10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\"timestamps\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EReceived:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 01 August 2022; \u003Cspan\u003EAccepted:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 03 October 2022;\u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cspan\u003EPublished:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E 07 November 2022.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEdited by:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1417433\u002Foverview\"\u003EMichael Spannowsky\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Durham University, United Kingdom\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReviewed by:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1513091\u002Foverview\"\u003ELetizia Lusito\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Inside Climate Service, Italy\u003Cbr\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fpeople\u002F1916582\u002Foverview\"\u003EAlexander Kish\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (DOE), United States\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECopyright\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E © 2022 Calefice, Hennequin, Henry, Jashal, Mendoza, Oyanguren, Sanderswood, Sierra, Zhuo and part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the \u003Ca rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ECreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E*Correspondence:\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E Arantza Oyanguren, \u003Ca id=\"encmail\"\u003EYXJhbnR6YS5veWFuZ3VyZW5AaWZpYy51di5lcw==\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E",menuHtml:"\u003Cul class=\"flyoutJournal\"\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h1\"\u003EAbstract\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h2\"\u003E1. Introduction\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h3\"\u003E2. Materials and methods\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h4\"\u003E3. Results\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h5\"\u003E4. Prospects\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h6\"\u003E5. Conclusion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h7\"\u003E6. LHCb-RTA collaboration\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h8\"\u003EData availability statement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h9\"\u003EAuthor contributions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h10\"\u003EFunding\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h11\"\u003EConflict of interest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h12\"\u003EPublisher's note\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h13\"\u003EFootnotes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca href=\"#h14\"\u003EReferences\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\r\n\u003C\u002Ful\u003E"},files:[{name:"EPUB.epub",fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:aI,name:aI}},{name:aJ,fileServerPackageEntryId:"fdata-05-1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737.pdf",type:{code:r,name:r}},{name:aJ,fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:r,name:r}},{name:"fdata-05-1008737.xml",fileServerPackageEntryId:"fdata-05-1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737.xml",type:{code:"NLM_XML",name:"XML"}},{name:"Provisional PDF.pdf",fileServerPackageEntryId:e,type:{code:r,name:r}}]},currentArticlePageMetaInfo:{title:aK,link:[{rel:"canonical",href:aL}],meta:[{hid:B,property:B,name:B,content:aM},{hid:aN,property:aN,name:"title",content:aK},{hid:aO,property:aO,name:B,content:aM},{hid:aP,name:aP,content:"LHCb,Trigger,Rta,LLP,gpu,SCIFI,BSM"},{hid:aQ,property:aQ,name:"site_name",content:C},{hid:aR,property:aR,name:J,content:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-provider.frontiersin.org\u002Fapi\u002Fipx\u002Fw=1200&f=png\u002Fhttps:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Ffiles\u002FArticles\u002F1008737\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-HTML\u002Fimage_m\u002Ffdata-05-1008737-g001.jpg"},{hid:aS,property:aS,name:"type",content:"article"},{hid:aT,property:aT,name:"url",content:aL},{hid:aU,name:aU,content:"summary_large_image"},{hid:aV,name:aV,content:"5"},{hid:aW,name:aW,content:q},{hid:aX,name:aX,content:C},{hid:aY,name:aY,content:L},{hid:aZ,name:aZ,content:M},{hid:a_,name:a_,content:ac},{hid:a$,name:a$,content:"1008737"},{hid:ba,name:ba,content:"English"},{hid:bb,name:bb,content:O},{hid:bc,name:bc,content:"LHCb; Trigger; Rta; LLP; gpu; SCIFI; BSM"},{hid:bd,name:bd,content:ad},{hid:be,name:be,content:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737\u002Fpdf"},{hid:bf,name:bf,content:"2022\u002F10\u002F03"},{hid:bg,name:bg,content:"2022\u002F11\u002F07"},{hid:"citation_author_0",name:n,content:"Calefice, Lukas"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_0",name:o,content:bh},{hid:"citation_author_1",name:n,content:"Hennequin, Arthur"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_1",name:o,content:"Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States"},{hid:"citation_author_2",name:n,content:"Henry, Louis"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_2",name:o,content:R},{hid:"citation_author_3",name:n,content:"Jashal, Brij"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_3",name:o,content:R},{hid:"citation_author_4",name:n,content:"Mendoza, Diego"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_4",name:o,content:D},{hid:"citation_author_5",name:n,content:"Oyanguren, Arantza"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_5",name:o,content:D},{hid:"citation_author_6",name:n,content:"Sanderswood, Izaac"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_6",name:o,content:D},{hid:"citation_author_7",name:n,content:"Sierra, Carlos V谩zquez"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_7",name:o,content:R},{hid:"citation_author_8",name:n,content:"Zhuo, Jiahui"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_8",name:o,content:D},{hid:"citation_author_9",name:n,content:", Part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration"},{hid:"citation_author_institution_9",name:o,content:bh},{hid:bi,name:bi,content:"doi:10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737"}],script:[{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnjs.cloudflare.com\u002Fpolyfill\u002Fv3\u002Fpolyfill.min.js?features=es6",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnjs.cloudflare.com\u002Fajax\u002Flibs\u002Fmathjax\u002F2.7.1\u002FMathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fd1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net\u002Fassets\u002Faltmetric_badges-f0bc9b243ff5677d05460c1eb71834ca998946d764eb3bc244ab4b18ba50d21e.js",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.altmetric.com\u002Fv1\u002Fdoi\u002F10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737?callback=_altmetric.embed_callback&domain=www.frontiersin.org&key=3c130976ca2b8f2e88f8377633751ba1&cache_until=14-15",body:h,async:h},{src:"https:\u002F\u002Fcrossmark-cdn.crossref.org\u002Fwidget\u002Fv2.0\u002Fwidget.js",body:h,async:h}]},articleHubArticlesList:[],showCrossmarkWidget:h,hasSupplementalData:i,isPreviewArticlePage:i,settingsFeaturesSwitchers:{displayTitlePillLabels:h,displayRelatedArticlesBox:h,showEditors:h,showReviewers:h,showLoopImpactLink:h,enableFigshare:i},tenantConfig:{spaceId:c,name:C,availableJournalPages:[bj,bk,bl,"volumes","about"],announcement:{sys:{id:"2tE5oIdYfULBQILAgR2OSx",__typename:"Sys"},preHeader:"Research integrity at Frontiers",title:"94% of researchers rate our articles as excellent or good",description:"Learn more about the work of our research integrity team to safeguard the quality of each article we publish.",image:[{id:"0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8",src:bm,name:bn,tags:["ultra","sunset","achieving","summer","challenge","winning","extreme","workout","hike","path","action","uphill","effort","athlete","physical","height","activity","mountaineering","endurance","mount","runner","nordic","race","male","achieve","nature","run","adventure",K,"perseverance","freedom","fitness","backcountry","altitude","sports","man","hill","mountain","outdoor","exercise","energetic","trail","climb","skyrunning","lifestyle"],type:J,width:7100,height:4733,archive:l,brandId:Z,limited:l,fileSize:16838862,isPublic:l,original:f,copyright:f,extension:[$],thumbnails:{mini:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002Fmini-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png",thul:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002Fthul-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png",webimage:bm,Guidelines:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002FGuidelines-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png",WebsiteJpg_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002FWebsiteJpg_XL-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.jpg",WebsiteWebP_L:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002FWebsiteWebP_L-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.webp",WebsiteWebP_M:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002FWebsiteWebP_M-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.webp",WebsiteWebP_XL:"https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002FWebsiteWebP_XL-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.webp"},dateCreated:"2022-12-14T15:44:00Z",description:bn,orientation:K,watermarked:l,dateModified:"2023-01-26T09:08:47Z",datePublished:"2022-12-14T16:40:06Z",videoPreviewURLs:[],textMetaproperties:[]}],link:{text:"Find out more ",url:bo,target:g,ariaLabel:"About our research integrity team",__typename:w},__typename:"Announcement"}},components:{ibar:{tenantLogo:e,journalLogo:e,aboutUs:[{title:"Who we are",links:[{text:"Mission and values",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fmission",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"History",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fhistory",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Leadership",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fleadership",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Awards",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fawards",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Impact and progress",links:[{text:"Frontiers' impact",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fimpact",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Progress Report 2022",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fprogressreport.frontiersin.org\u002F?utm_source=fweb&utm_medium=frep&utm_campaign=pr20",target:m,ariaLabel:f},{text:"All progress reports",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fprogress-reports",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Publishing model",links:[{text:bp,url:bq,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Open access",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fopen-access",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:br,url:bs,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Peer review",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fpeer-review",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Research integrity",url:bo,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bt,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fresearch-topics",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Services",links:[{text:"Societies",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpublishingpartnerships.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:m,ariaLabel:f},{text:"National consortia",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fopen-access-agreements\u002Fconsortia",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Institutional partnerships",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fopen-access-agreements",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Collaborators",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fcollaborators",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"More from Frontiers",links:[{text:"Frontiers Forum",url:bu,target:m,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers Forum website"},{text:bv,url:bw,target:m,ariaLabel:bx},{text:"Press office",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpressoffice.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:m,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers press office website"},{text:"Sustainability",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.orgabout\u002Fsustainability",target:g,ariaLabel:"link to information about Frontiers' sustainability"},{text:by,url:bz,target:m,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the Frontiers careers website"},{text:"Contact us",url:bA,target:g,ariaLabel:"this link will take you to the help pages to contact our support team"}]}],submitUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fsubmission\u002Fsubmit?domainid=1&fieldid=115&specialtyid=0&entitytype=2&entityid=1380",showSubmitButton:h,journal:{id:s,name:q,slug:t,sections:[{id:1043,name:"Big Data Networks",slug:"big-data-networks"},{id:aF,name:aG,slug:aH},{id:1384,name:"Cybersecurity and Privacy",slug:"cybersecurity-and-privacy"},{id:1970,name:"Data Analytics for Social Impact",slug:"data-analytics-for-social-impact"},{id:1388,name:"Data Mining and Management",slug:"data-mining-and-management"},{id:1945,name:"Data Science",slug:"data-science"},{id:1389,name:"Data-driven Climate Sciences",slug:"data-driven-climate-sciences"},{id:1381,name:"Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence",slug:"machine-learning-and-artificial-intelligence"},{id:1383,name:"Medicine and Public Health",slug:"medicine-and-public-health"},{id:2230,name:"Recommender Systems",slug:"recommender-systems"}]},sectionTerm:"Sections",aboutJournal:[{title:"Scope",links:[{text:"Field chief editors",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-editors",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Mission & scope",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-scope",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Facts",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-facts",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Journal sections",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-submission",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Open access statement",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-open",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Copyright statement",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#copyright-statement",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Quality",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Fabout#about-quality",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"For authors",links:[{text:"Why submit?",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fwhy-submit",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Article types",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Farticle-types",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bB,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fauthor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bC,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Feditor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Publishing fees",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fpublishing-fees",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Submission checklist",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fsubmission-checklist",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Contact editorial office",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Ffor-authors\u002Fcontact-editorial-office",target:g,ariaLabel:f}]}],mainLinks:[{text:"All journals",url:bD,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"All articles",url:bE,target:g,ariaLabel:f}],journalLinks:[{text:bF,url:bj,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bt,url:bl,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Editorial board",url:bk,target:g,ariaLabel:f}],helpCenterLink:{text:E,url:bG,target:m,ariaLabel:E}},footer:{blocks:[{title:"Guidelines",links:[{text:bB,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Fauthor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bC,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Feditor-guidelines",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Policies and publication ethics",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fguidelines\u002Fpolicies-and-publication-ethics",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:br,url:bs,target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Explore",links:[{text:bF,url:bE,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Research Topics ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fresearch-topics",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:"Journals",url:bD,target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:bp,url:bq,target:g,ariaLabel:f}]},{title:"Outreach",links:[{text:"Frontiers Forum ",url:bu,target:m,ariaLabel:"Frontiers Forum website"},{text:"Frontiers Policy Labs ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fpolicylabs.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:m,ariaLabel:f},{text:bH,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fkids.frontiersin.org\u002F",target:m,ariaLabel:"Frontiers for Young Minds journal"},{text:bv,url:bw,target:m,ariaLabel:bx}]},{title:"Connect",links:[{text:E,url:bG,target:m,ariaLabel:E},{text:"Emails and alerts ",url:"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org\u002Fsettings\u002Femail-preferences?a=publishers",target:m,ariaLabel:"Subscribe to Frontiers emails"},{text:"Contact us ",url:bA,target:g,ariaLabel:"Subscribe to newsletter"},{text:"Submit",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fsubmission\u002Fsubmit",target:g,ariaLabel:f},{text:by,url:bz,target:m,ariaLabel:f}]}],socialLinks:[{link:{text:bI,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002FFrontiersin",target:m,ariaLabel:bI},type:w,color:F,icon:"Facebook",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers Twitter",url:"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Ffrontiersin",target:m,ariaLabel:f},type:w,color:F,icon:"Twitter",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers LinkedIn",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linkedin.com\u002Fcompany\u002Ffrontiers",target:m,ariaLabel:f},type:w,color:F,icon:"LinkedIn",size:G,hiddenText:h},{link:{text:"Frontiers Instagram",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Ffrontiersin_",target:m,ariaLabel:f},type:w,color:F,icon:"Instagram",size:G,hiddenText:h}],copyright:"Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved",termsAndConditionsUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Flegal\u002Fterms-and-conditions",privacyPolicyUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Flegal\u002Fprivacy-policy"},newsletterComponent:f,snackbarItems:[]},mainHeader:{title:e,image:N,breadcrumbs:[],linksCollection:{total:l,items:[]},metricsCollection:{total:l,items:[]}},user:{loggedUserInfo:N},journals:[{id:bJ,name:bK,slug:bL,abbreviation:bM,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2445,name:bK,slug:bL,abbreviation:bM,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:S,name:"Test SSPH Journal",slug:"test-ssph-journal",abbreviation:"testjournal",space:{id:p,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bN,name:"TEST ALF Journal",slug:"test-alf-journal",abbreviation:"talfj",space:{id:x,domainName:T,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:j,name:bO,slug:bP,abbreviation:bQ,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2360,name:bO,slug:bP,abbreviation:bQ,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Smoke Test Field",slug:"smoke-test-field",abbreviation:"FJST",space:{id:U,domainName:bR,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bN,name:bS,slug:bT,abbreviation:bU,space:{id:p,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2077,name:bS,slug:bT,abbreviation:bU,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:S,name:bV,slug:bW,abbreviation:bX,space:{id:x,domainName:T,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:S,name:bV,slug:bW,abbreviation:bX,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bY,name:bZ,slug:b_,abbreviation:b$,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3776,name:bZ,slug:b_,abbreviation:b$,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ca,name:cb,slug:cc,abbreviation:cd,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3765,name:cb,slug:cc,abbreviation:cd,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:14,name:ce,slug:cf,abbreviation:cg,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3414,name:ce,slug:cf,abbreviation:cg,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:20,name:ch,slug:ci,abbreviation:cj,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3754,name:ch,slug:ci,abbreviation:cj,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:U,name:ck,slug:cl,abbreviation:cm,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2444,name:ck,slug:cl,abbreviation:cm,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cn,name:co,slug:cp,abbreviation:cq,space:{id:p,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cn,name:co,slug:cp,abbreviation:cq,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:j,name:"GSL Test",slug:"gsl-test",abbreviation:"gslt",space:{id:y,domainName:V,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2356,name:"Frontiers in the Internet of Things",slug:"the-internet-of-things",abbreviation:"friot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:656,name:"Frontiers in Zoological Science",slug:"zoological-science",abbreviation:"fzoos",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1720,name:"Frontiers in Zoological Research",slug:"zoological-research",abbreviation:"fzolr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3162,name:"Frontiers in Wound Care",slug:"wound-care",abbreviation:"fwoca",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3136,name:"Frontiers in Worm Science",slug:"worm-science",abbreviation:"fwors",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3583,name:"Frontiers in Wind Energy",slug:"wind-energy",abbreviation:"fwinde",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1451,name:"Frontiers in Water",slug:"water",abbreviation:"frwa",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1561,name:"Frontiers in Virtual Reality",slug:"virtual-reality",abbreviation:"frvir",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2000,name:"Frontiers in Virology",slug:"virology",abbreviation:"fviro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:649,name:"Frontiers in Veterinary Science",slug:"veterinary-science",abbreviation:"fvets",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2176,name:"Frontiers in Urology",slug:"urology",abbreviation:"fruro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3099,name:"Frontiers in Tuberculosis",slug:"tuberculosis",abbreviation:"ftubr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1843,name:"Frontiers in Tropical Diseases",slug:"tropical-diseases",abbreviation:"fitd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2417,name:"Frontiers in Transplantation",slug:"transplantation",abbreviation:"frtra",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:473,name:"Frontiers in Toxicology",slug:"toxicology",abbreviation:"ftox",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2105,name:"Frontiers in Thermal Engineering",slug:"thermal-engineering",abbreviation:"fther",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3190,name:"Frontiers in The Neurobiology of Pain",slug:"the-neurobiology-of-pain",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1967,name:"Frontiers in Test_Field_Science_Archive",slug:"testfieldsciencearchive",abbreviation:"fntesc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1347,name:"Frontiers in Test_Field_Humanities_Archive",slug:"testfieldhumanitiesarchive",abbreviation:"fntes",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3573,name:"Frontiers in Taxonomy",slug:"taxonomy",abbreviation:"Front. Taxon.",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:p,name:"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience",slug:"systems-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnsys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1721,name:"Frontiers in Systems Biology",slug:"systems-biology",abbreviation:"fsysb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3381,name:"Frontiers in Synthetic Biology",slug:"synthetic-biology",abbreviation:"fsybi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:22,name:"Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience",slug:"synaptic-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnsyn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2299,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism",slug:"sustainable-tourism",abbreviation:"frsut",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2483,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Resource Management",slug:"sustainable-resource-management",abbreviation:"fsrma",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1335,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems",slug:"sustainable-food-systems",abbreviation:"fsufs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2726,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Energy Policy",slug:"sustainable-energy-policy",abbreviation:"fsuep",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1468,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Cities",slug:"sustainable-cities",abbreviation:"frsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1397,name:"Frontiers in Sustainable Business",slug:"sustainable-business",abbreviation:"fisb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1547,name:"Frontiers in Sustainability",slug:"sustainability",abbreviation:"frsus",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:604,name:"Frontiers in Surgery",slug:"surgery",abbreviation:"fsurg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2504,name:"Frontiers in Structural Biology",slug:"structural-biology",abbreviation:"frsbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2497,name:"Frontiers in Stroke",slug:"stroke",abbreviation:"fstro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3434,name:"Frontiers in Stem Cells",slug:"stem-cells",abbreviation:"fstce",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1482,name:"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living",slug:"sports-and-active-living",abbreviation:"fspor",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1695,name:"Frontiers in Space Technologies",slug:"space-technologies",abbreviation:"frspt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3519,name:"Frontiers in Solar Energy",slug:"solar-energy",abbreviation:"fsoln",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1718,name:"Frontiers in Soil Science",slug:"soil-science",abbreviation:"fsoil",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2346,name:"Frontiers in Soft Matter",slug:"soft-matter",abbreviation:"frsfm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1213,name:"Frontiers in Sociology",slug:"sociology",abbreviation:"fsoc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:W,name:"Frontiers in Society Journal Archive",slug:"society-journal-archive",abbreviation:X,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2690,name:"Frontiers in Social Psychology",slug:"social-psychology",abbreviation:"frsps",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2819,name:"Frontiers in Smart Grids",slug:"smart-grids",abbreviation:"frsgr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2288,name:"Frontiers in Sleep",slug:"sleep",abbreviation:"frsle",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2552,name:"Frontiers in Skin Cancer",slug:"skin-cancer",abbreviation:"fskcr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1786,name:"Frontiers in Signal Processing",slug:"signal-processing",abbreviation:"frsip",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1704,name:"Frontiers in Sensors",slug:"sensors",abbreviation:"fsens",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:p,name:"Frontiers in Science archive",slug:"science-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3737,name:"Frontiers in Science Diplomacy",slug:"science-diplomacy",abbreviation:"fsdip",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2766,name:"Frontiers in Science",slug:"science",abbreviation:"fsci",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:657,name:"Frontiers in Robotics and AI",slug:"robotics-and-ai",abbreviation:"frobt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1606,name:"Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics",slug:"research-metrics-and-analytics",abbreviation:"frma",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1479,name:"Frontiers in Reproductive Health",slug:"reproductive-health",abbreviation:"frph",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1830,name:"Frontiers in Remote Sensing",slug:"remote-sensing",abbreviation:"frsen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:659,name:"Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences",slug:"rehabilitation-sciences",abbreviation:"fresc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3550,name:"Frontiers in Regenerative Medicine",slug:"regenerative-medicine",abbreviation:"fregm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1949,name:"Frontiers in Radiology",slug:"radiology",abbreviation:"fradi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3189,name:"Frontiers in RNA Research",slug:"rna-research",abbreviation:"frnar",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2306,name:"Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology",slug:"quantum-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frqst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:W,name:"Frontiers in Public Health Archive",slug:"public-health-archive",abbreviation:X,space:{id:p,domainName:H,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:609,name:"Frontiers in Public Health",slug:"public-health",abbreviation:"fpubh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:36,name:"Frontiers in Psychology",slug:"psychology",abbreviation:"fpsyg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:71,name:"Frontiers in Psychiatry",slug:"psychiatry",abbreviation:"fpsyt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3267,name:"Frontiers in Protistology",slug:"protistology",abbreviation:"frpro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2452,name:"Frontiers in Proteomics",slug:"proteomics",abbreviation:"fprot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3171,name:"Frontiers in Prosthetics and Orthotics",slug:"prosthetics-and-orthotics",abbreviation:"fpror ",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3643,name:"Frontiers in Polymer Science",slug:"polymer-science",abbreviation:"fplms",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1558,name:"Frontiers in Political Science",slug:"political-science",abbreviation:"fpos",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3615,name:"Frontiers in Polar Science",slug:"polar-science",abbreviation:"fposc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:373,name:"Frontiers in Plant Science",slug:"plant-science",abbreviation:"fpls",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3477,name:"Frontiers in Plant Physiology",slug:"plant-physiology",abbreviation:"fphgy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3589,name:"Frontiers in Plant Genomics",slug:"plant-genomics",abbreviation:"fpgen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3579,name:"Frontiers in Plant Ecology",slug:"plant-ecology",abbreviation:"fpley",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:210,name:"Frontiers in Physiology",slug:"physiology",abbreviation:"fphys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:616,name:"Frontiers in Physics",slug:"physics",abbreviation:"fphy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1803,name:"Frontiers in Photonics",slug:"photonics",abbreviation:"fphot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3604,name:"Frontiers in Photobiology",slug:"photobiology",abbreviation:"fphbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:176,name:"Frontiers in Pharmacology",slug:"pharmacology",abbreviation:"fphar",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3388,name:"Frontiers in Personality Disorders",slug:"personality-disorders",abbreviation:"fprsd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:606,name:"Frontiers in Pediatrics",slug:"pediatrics",abbreviation:"fped",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2554,name:"Frontiers in Pediatric Dermatology",slug:"pediatric-dermatology",abbreviation:"fpdm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:W,name:"Frontiers in Pathology and Oncology Archive",slug:"pathology-and-oncology-archive",abbreviation:X,space:{id:x,domainName:T,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:610,name:cr,slug:cs,abbreviation:ct,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3351,name:cr,slug:cs,abbreviation:ct,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2705,name:"Frontiers in Parasitology",slug:"parasitology",abbreviation:"fpara",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1727,name:"Frontiers in Pain Research",slug:"pain-research",abbreviation:"fpain",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2679,name:"Frontiers in Organizational Psychology",slug:"organizational-psychology",abbreviation:"forgp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1702,name:"Frontiers in Oral Health",slug:"oral-health",abbreviation:"froh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2232,name:"Frontiers in Ophthalmology",slug:"ophthalmology",abbreviation:"fopht",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:451,name:"Frontiers in Oncology",slug:"oncology",abbreviation:"fonc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3123,name:"Frontiers in Ocean Sustainability",slug:"ocean-sustainability",abbreviation:"focsu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2612,name:"Frontiers in Occupational Therapy",slug:"occupational-therapy",abbreviation:"froct",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:628,name:"Frontiers in Nutrition",slug:"nutrition",abbreviation:"fnut",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2062,name:"Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine",slug:"nuclear-medicine",abbreviation:"fnume",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2172,name:"Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering",slug:"nuclear-engineering",abbreviation:"fnuen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in Neuroscience",slug:"neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnins",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cu,name:"Frontiers in Neurorobotics",slug:"neurorobotics",abbreviation:"fnbot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3056,name:"Frontiers in Neuropsychiatry",slug:"neuropsychiatry",abbreviation:"fnpsy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:141,name:"Frontiers in Neurology",slug:"neurology",abbreviation:"fneur",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cv,name:"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics",slug:"neuroinformatics",abbreviation:"fninf",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3283,name:"Frontiers in Neuroinflammation",slug:"neuroinflammation",abbreviation:"fnein",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1973,name:"Frontiers in Neuroimaging",slug:"neuroimaging",abbreviation:"fnimg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1833,name:"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics",slug:"neuroergonomics",abbreviation:"fnrgo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:P,name:"Frontiers in Neuroengineering",slug:"neuroengineering",abbreviation:"fneng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cw,name:"Frontiers in Neuroenergetics",slug:"neuroenergetics",abbreviation:"fnene",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:x,name:"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy",slug:"neuroanatomy",abbreviation:"fnana",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:ca,name:"Frontiers in Neural Circuits",slug:"neural-circuits",abbreviation:"fncir",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2021,name:"Frontiers in Network Physiology",slug:"network-physiology",abbreviation:"fnetp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3130,name:"Frontiers in Network Neuroscience",slug:"network-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnnsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2357,name:"Frontiers in Nephrology",slug:"nephrology",abbreviation:"fneph",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2320,name:"Frontiers in Natural Products",slug:"natural-products",abbreviation:"fntpr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1528,name:"Frontiers in Nanotechnology",slug:"nanotechnology",abbreviation:"fnano",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2882,name:"Frontiers in Musculoskeletal Disorders",slug:"musculoskeletal-disorders",abbreviation:"fmscd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3275,name:"Frontiers in Multiple Sclerosis",slug:"multiple-sclerosis",abbreviation:"fmscr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3152,name:"Frontiers in Mollusk Science",slug:"mollusk-science",abbreviation:"fmlsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2031,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience",slug:"molecular-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnmol",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2086,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Medicine",slug:"molecular-medicine",abbreviation:"fmmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:698,name:"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences",slug:"molecular-biosciences",abbreviation:"fmolb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2807,name:"Frontiers in Microbiomes",slug:"microbiomes",abbreviation:"frmbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:310,name:"Frontiers in Microbiology",slug:"microbiology",abbreviation:"fmicb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2327,name:"Frontiers in Metals and Alloys",slug:"metals-and-alloys",abbreviation:"ftmal",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2307,name:"Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology",slug:"membrane-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frmst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:602,name:"Frontiers in Medicine",slug:"medicine",abbreviation:"fmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1573,name:"Frontiers in Medical Technology",slug:"medical-technology",abbreviation:"fmedt",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3135,name:"Frontiers in Medical Engineering",slug:"medical-engineering",abbreviation:"fmede",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:950,name:"Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering",slug:"mechanical-engineering",abbreviation:"fmech",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:608,name:"Frontiers in Materials",slug:"materials",abbreviation:"fmats",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:655,name:"Frontiers in Marine Science",slug:"marine-science",abbreviation:"fmars",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2100,name:"Frontiers in Manufacturing Technology",slug:"manufacturing-technology",abbreviation:"fmtec",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2931,name:"Frontiers in Mammal Science",slug:"mammal-science",abbreviation:"fmamm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2896,name:"Frontiers in Malaria",slug:"malaria",abbreviation:"fmala",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3107,name:"Frontiers in Lupus",slug:"lupus",abbreviation:"flupu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:435,name:"Frontiers in Linguistics",slug:"linguistics",abbreviation:"fling",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2636,name:"Frontiers in Language Sciences",slug:"language-sciences",abbreviation:"flang",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2670,name:"Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies",slug:"lab-on-a-chip-technologies",abbreviation:"frlct",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cx,name:"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience",slug:"integrative-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnint",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1723,name:"Frontiers in Insect Science",slug:"insect-science",abbreviation:"finsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3093,name:"Frontiers in Influenza",slug:"influenza",abbreviation:"finfl",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3073,name:"Frontiers in Inflammation",slug:"inflammation",abbreviation:"finmn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3200,name:"Frontiers in Industrial Microbiology",slug:"industrial-microbiology",abbreviation:"finmi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3291,name:"Frontiers in Industrial Engineering",slug:"industrial-engineering",abbreviation:"fieng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2765,name:"Frontiers in Impact Journals",slug:"impact-journals",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3078,name:"Frontiers in Immunotherapeutics",slug:"immunotherapeutics",abbreviation:"fimms",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:276,name:"Frontiers in Immunology",slug:"immunology",abbreviation:"fimmu",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2379,name:"Frontiers in Imaging",slug:"imaging",abbreviation:"fimag",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:629,name:"Frontiers in ICT",slug:"ict",abbreviation:"fict",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:16,name:"Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences Archive",slug:"humanities-and-social-sciences-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3759,name:"Frontiers in Human Rights",slug:"human-rights",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1588,name:"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience",slug:"human-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnhum",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1533,name:"Frontiers in Human Dynamics",slug:"human-dynamics",abbreviation:"fhumd",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2733,name:"Frontiers in Horticulture",slug:"horticulture",abbreviation:"fhort",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3316,name:"Frontiers in Histology",slug:"histology",abbreviation:"frhis",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2378,name:"Frontiers in High Performance Computing",slug:"high-performance-computing",abbreviation:"fhpcp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2456,name:"Frontiers in Hematology",slug:"hematology",abbreviation:"frhem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2063,name:"Frontiers in Health Services",slug:"health-services",abbreviation:"frhs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:x,name:"Frontiers in Health Archive",slug:"health-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3508,name:"Frontiers in Green Chemistry",slug:"green-chemistry",abbreviation:"fgrch",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1728,name:"Frontiers in Global Women's Health",slug:"global-womens-health",abbreviation:"fgwh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2918,name:"Frontiers in Geochemistry",slug:"geochemistry",abbreviation:"fgeoc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1540,name:"Frontiers in Genome Editing",slug:"genome-editing",abbreviation:"fgeed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:240,name:"Frontiers in Genetics",slug:"genetics",abbreviation:"fgene",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3496,name:"Frontiers in Genetic Microbiology",slug:"genetic-microbiology",abbreviation:"fgemi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3227,name:"Frontiers in Genetic Disorders",slug:"genetic-disorders",abbreviation:"frged",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2333,name:"Frontiers in Gastroenterology",slug:"gastroenterology",abbreviation:"fgstr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1529,name:"Frontiers in Future Transportation",slug:"future-transportation",abbreviation:"ffutr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1725,name:"Frontiers in Fungal Biology",slug:"fungal-biology",abbreviation:"ffunb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2826,name:"Frontiers in Fuels",slug:"fuels",abbreviation:"ffuel",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3207,name:"Frontiers in Freshwater Science",slug:"freshwater-science",abbreviation:"ffwsc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1366,name:"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change",slug:"forests-and-global-change",abbreviation:"ffgc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2689,name:"Frontiers in Forensic Science",slug:"forensic-science",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2289,name:"Frontiers in Food Science and Technology",slug:"food-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"frfst",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3559,name:"Frontiers in Fluorescence",slug:"fluorescence",abbreviation:"fflur",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2987,name:"Frontiers in Fish Science",slug:"fish-science",abbreviation:"frish",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3489,name:"Frontiers in Fire Science and Technology",slug:"fire-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"firtc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2749,name:"Frontiers in Financial Economics",slug:"financial-economics",abbreviation:"ffecn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in FSHIP Test Journal",slug:"fship-test-journal",abbreviation:"ftest",space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bY,name:"Frontiers in Evolutionary Neuroscience",slug:"evolutionary-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnevo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2955,name:"Frontiers in Ethology",slug:"ethology",abbreviation:"fetho",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3032,name:"Frontiers in Epigenetics and Epigenomics",slug:"epigenetics-and-epigenomics",abbreviation:"freae",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2394,name:"Frontiers in Epidemiology",slug:"epidemiology",abbreviation:"fepid",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3450,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Toxicology",slug:"environmental-toxicology",abbreviation:"fentx",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:627,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Science",slug:"environmental-science",abbreviation:"fenvs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2888,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Health",slug:"environmental-health",abbreviation:"fenvh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2851,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Engineering",slug:"environmental-engineering",abbreviation:"fenve",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2547,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Economics",slug:"environmental-economics",abbreviation:"frevc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1697,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry",slug:"environmental-chemistry",abbreviation:"fenvc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2756,name:"Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology",slug:"environmental-archaeology",abbreviation:"fearc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:15,name:"Frontiers in Engineering archive",slug:"engineering-archive",abbreviation:I,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:626,name:"Frontiers in Energy Research",slug:"energy-research",abbreviation:"fenrg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3115,name:"Frontiers in Energy Efficiency",slug:"energy-efficiency",abbreviation:"fenef",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:106,name:"Frontiers in Endocrinology",slug:"endocrinology",abbreviation:"fendo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1696,name:"Frontiers in Electronics",slug:"electronics",abbreviation:"felec",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1800,name:"Frontiers in Electronic Materials",slug:"electronic-materials",abbreviation:"femat",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2998,name:"Frontiers in Educational Psychology",slug:"educational-psychology",abbreviation:"fepys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1239,name:"Frontiers in Education",slug:"education",abbreviation:"feduc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:625,name:"Frontiers in Economics",slug:"economics",abbreviation:"fecon",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:471,name:"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution",slug:"ecology-and-evolution",abbreviation:"fevo",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:c,name:"Frontiers in Earth Science Archive",slug:"earth-science-archive",abbreviation:"gslfj",space:{id:y,domainName:V,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:654,name:"Frontiers in Earth Science",slug:"earth-science",abbreviation:"feart",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3309,name:"Frontiers in Earth Observation and Land Monitoring",slug:"earth-observation-and-land-monitoring",abbreviation:"feolm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2161,name:"Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation",slug:"drug-safety-and-regulation",abbreviation:"fdsfr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2137,name:"Frontiers in Drug Discovery",slug:"drug-discovery",abbreviation:"fddsv",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2136,name:"Frontiers in Drug Delivery",slug:"drug-delivery",abbreviation:"fddev",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2775,name:"Frontiers in Disaster and Emergency Medicine",slug:"disaster-and-emergency-medicine",abbreviation:"femer",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:788,name:"Frontiers in Digital Humanities",slug:"digital-humanities",abbreviation:"fdigh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1534,name:"Frontiers in Digital Health",slug:"digital-health",abbreviation:"fdgth",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2999,name:"Frontiers in Developmental Psychology",slug:"developmental-psychology",abbreviation:"fdpys",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2873,name:"Frontiers in Detector Science and Technology",slug:"detector-science-and-technology",abbreviation:"fdest",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3611,name:"Frontiers in Design Engineering",slug:"design-engineering",abbreviation:"fdese",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2550,name:"Frontiers in Dermatological Research",slug:"dermatological-research",abbreviation:"fdmre",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:607,name:"Frontiers in Dental Medicine",slug:"dental-medicine",abbreviation:"fdmed",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2597,name:"Frontiers in Dementia",slug:"dementia",abbreviation:"frdem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1785,name:"Frontiers in Control Engineering",slug:"control-engineering",abbreviation:"fcteg",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1724,name:"Frontiers in Conservation Science",slug:"conservation-science",abbreviation:"fcosc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3454,name:"Frontiers in Condensed Matter",slug:"condensed-matter",abbreviation:"fconm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1511,name:"Frontiers in Computer Science",slug:"computer-science",abbreviation:"fcomp",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3566,name:"Frontiers in Computational Physiology",slug:"computational-physiology",abbreviation:"fcphy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:bJ,name:"Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience",slug:"computational-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fncom",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3234,name:"Frontiers in Complex Systems",slug:"complex-systems",abbreviation:"fcpxs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1787,name:"Frontiers in Communications and Networks",slug:"communications-and-networks",abbreviation:"frcmn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1238,name:"Frontiers in Communication",slug:"communication",abbreviation:"fcomm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2535,name:"Frontiers in Cognition",slug:"cognition",abbreviation:"fcogn",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2857,name:"Frontiers in Coatings, Dyes and Interface Engineering",slug:"coatings-dyes-and-interface-engineering",abbreviation:"frcdi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3222,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Microbiology",slug:"clinical-microbiology",abbreviation:"fclmi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1729,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare",slug:"clinical-diabetes-and-healthcare",abbreviation:"fcdhc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2551,name:"Frontiers in Clinical Dermatology",slug:"clinical-dermatology",abbreviation:"fcldm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1490,name:"Frontiers in Climate",slug:"climate",abbreviation:"fclim",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3338,name:"Frontiers in Chromosome Research",slug:"chromosome-research",abbreviation:e,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2587,name:"Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",slug:"child-and-adolescent-psychiatry",abbreviation:"frcha",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:601,name:"Frontiers in Chemistry",slug:"chemistry",abbreviation:"fchem",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1532,name:"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering",slug:"chemical-engineering",abbreviation:"fceng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3038,name:"Frontiers in Chemical Biology",slug:"chemical-biology",abbreviation:"fchbi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3322,name:"Frontiers in Ceramics",slug:"ceramics",abbreviation:"fceic",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1440,name:"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology",slug:"cellular-and-infection-microbiology",abbreviation:"fcimb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1523,name:"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience",slug:"cellular-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fncel",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3084,name:"Frontiers in Cellular Immunology",slug:"cellular-immunology",abbreviation:"fcimy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:403,name:"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology",slug:"cell-and-developmental-biology",abbreviation:"fcell",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3178,name:"Frontiers in Cell Signaling",slug:"cell-signaling",abbreviation:"fcsig",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2655,name:"Frontiers in Cell Death",slug:"cell-death",abbreviation:"fceld",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1901,name:"Frontiers in Catalysis",slug:"catalysis",abbreviation:"fctls",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:755,name:"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine",slug:"cardiovascular-medicine",abbreviation:"fcvm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2662,name:"Frontiers in Carbon",slug:"carbon",abbreviation:"frcrb",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3513,name:"Frontiers in Cancer Interception",slug:"cancer-interception",abbreviation:"fcint",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3433,name:"Frontiers in Cancer Control and Society",slug:"cancer-control-and-society",abbreviation:"fcacs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:921,name:"Frontiers in Built Environment",slug:"built-environment",abbreviation:"fbuil",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1418,name:"Frontiers in Blockchain",slug:"blockchain",abbreviation:"fbloc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2971,name:"Frontiers in Bird Science",slug:"bird-science",abbreviation:"fbirs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3300,name:"Frontiers in Biophysics",slug:"biophysics",abbreviation:"frbis",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2222,name:"Frontiers in Biomaterials Science",slug:"biomaterials-science",abbreviation:"fbiom",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1722,name:"Frontiers in Bioinformatics",slug:"bioinformatics",abbreviation:"fbinf",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:452,name:"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology",slug:"bioengineering-and-biotechnology",abbreviation:"fbioe",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:s,name:q,slug:t,abbreviation:aa,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1589,name:"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience",slug:"behavioral-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnbeh",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2432,name:"Frontiers in Behavioral Economics",slug:"behavioral-economics",abbreviation:"frbhe",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2796,name:"Frontiers in Bee Science",slug:"bee-science",abbreviation:"frbee",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3214,name:"Frontiers in Batteries and Electrochemistry",slug:"batteries-and-electrochemistry",abbreviation:"fbael",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3011,name:"Frontiers in Bacteriology",slug:"bacteriology",abbreviation:"fbrio",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3040,name:"Frontiers in Audiology and Otology",slug:"audiology-and-otology",abbreviation:"fauot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:603,name:"Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",slug:"astronomy-and-space-sciences",abbreviation:"fspas",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1437,name:"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence",slug:"artificial-intelligence",abbreviation:"frai",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2940,name:"Frontiers in Arachnid Science",slug:"arachnid-science",abbreviation:"frchs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2834,name:"Frontiers in Aquaculture",slug:"aquaculture",abbreviation:"faquc",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:981,name:"Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics",slug:"applied-mathematics-and-statistics",abbreviation:"fams",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3417,name:"Frontiers in Applied Environmental Microbiology",slug:"applied-environmental-microbiology",abbreviation:"faemi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2714,name:"Frontiers in Antibiotics",slug:"antibiotics",abbreviation:"frabi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3443,name:"Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Therapies",slug:"anti-cancer-therapies",abbreviation:"facth",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3253,name:"Frontiers in Antennas and Propagation",slug:"antennas-and-propagation",abbreviation:"fanpr",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1719,name:"Frontiers in Animal Science",slug:"animal-science",abbreviation:"fanim",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2513,name:"Frontiers in Anesthesiology",slug:"anesthesiology",abbreviation:"fanes",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1989,name:"Frontiers in Analytical Science",slug:"analytical-science",abbreviation:"frans",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2909,name:"Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science",slug:"amphibian-and-reptile-science",abbreviation:"famrs",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1705,name:"Frontiers in Allergy",slug:"allergy",abbreviation:"falgy",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1541,name:"Frontiers in Agronomy",slug:"agronomy",abbreviation:"fagro",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3631,name:"Frontiers in Agricultural Engineering",slug:"agricultural-engineering",abbreviation:"faeng",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2477,name:"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience",slug:"aging-neuroscience",abbreviation:"fnagi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:1566,name:"Frontiers in Aging",slug:"aging",abbreviation:"fragi",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2449,name:"Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering",slug:"aerospace-engineering",abbreviation:"fpace",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2195,name:"Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine",slug:"adolescent-medicine",abbreviation:"fradm",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3426,name:"Frontiers in Acoustics",slug:"acoustics",abbreviation:"facou",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:979,name:bH,slug:"frontiers-for-young-minds",abbreviation:"frym",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3260,name:"Frontiers In Ocean Engineering",slug:"frontiers-in-ocean-engineering",abbreviation:"focen",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cu,name:"FSHIP Test Journal 2",slug:"fship-test-journal-2",abbreviation:"FTJ2",space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:j,name:cy,slug:cz,abbreviation:cA,space:{id:U,domainName:bR,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3746,name:cy,slug:cz,abbreviation:cA,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cv,name:cB,slug:cC,abbreviation:cD,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3231,name:cB,slug:cC,abbreviation:cD,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:y,name:cE,slug:cF,abbreviation:cG,space:{id:y,domainName:V,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2078,name:cE,slug:cF,abbreviation:cG,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cx,name:cH,slug:cI,abbreviation:cJ,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2359,name:cH,slug:cI,abbreviation:cJ,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:8,name:cK,slug:cL,abbreviation:cM,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2446,name:cK,slug:cL,abbreviation:cM,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:10,name:cN,slug:cO,abbreviation:cP,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3230,name:cN,slug:cO,abbreviation:cP,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:y,name:cQ,slug:cR,abbreviation:cS,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:2358,name:cQ,slug:cR,abbreviation:cS,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3660,name:"Advanced Optical Technologies",slug:"advanced-optical-technologies",abbreviation:"aot",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:cw,name:cT,slug:cU,abbreviation:cV,space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3659,name:cT,slug:cU,abbreviation:cV,space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:P,name:cW,slug:cX,abbreviation:"abp",space:{id:j,domainName:k,__typename:b},__typename:a},{id:3695,name:cW,slug:cX,abbreviation:"ABP",space:{id:c,domainName:d,__typename:b},__typename:a}]},serverRendered:h,routePath:"\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737\u002Ffull",config:{baseUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org",appName:"article-pages-2022",spaceId:c,spaceName:C,domain:d,loopUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Floop.frontiersin.org",ssMainDomain:d,googleRecaptchaKeyName:"FrontiersRecaptchaV2",googleRecaptchaSiteKey:"6LdG3i0UAAAAAOC4qUh35ubHgJotEHp_STXHgr_v",linkedArticleCopyText:"'{\"articleTypeCopyText\":[{\"articleTypeId\":0,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Part of this article's content has been mentioned in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article mentions parts of:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":122,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Parts of this article's content have been modified or rectified in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is an erratum on:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":129,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"Parts of this article's content have been modified or rectified in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is an addendum to:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":128,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A correction has been applied to this article in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a correction to:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":134,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A retraction of this article was approved in:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a retraction of:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":29,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A commentary has been posted on this article:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a commentary on:\"},{\"articleTypeId\":30,\"originalArticleCopyText\":\"A commentary has been posted on this article:\",\"linkedArticleCopyText\":\"This article is a commentary on:\"}],\"articleIdCopyText\":[]}'\n",articleTypeConfigurableLabel:"\u003C\u003Carticle-type:uppercase\u003E\u003E article",terminologySettings:"'{\"terms\":[{\"sequenceNumber\":1,\"key\":\"frontiers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Frontiers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Frontiers\",\"category\":\"Customer\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":2,\"key\":\"submission_system\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submission system\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submission system\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":3,\"key\":\"public_pages\",\"tenantTerm\":\"public pages\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"public pages\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":4,\"key\":\"my_frontiers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"my frontiers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"my frontiers\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":5,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":6,\"key\":\"deo\",\"tenantTerm\":\"DEO\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"DEO\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":7,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office_for_chiefs\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office for chiefs\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office for chiefs\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":8,\"key\":\"digital_editorial_office_for_eof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"digital editorial office for eof\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"digital editorial office for eof\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":9,\"key\":\"editorial_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":10,\"key\":\"eof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":11,\"key\":\"research_topic_management\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topic management\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topic management\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":12,\"key\":\"review_forum\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":13,\"key\":\"accounting_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":14,\"key\":\"aof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":15,\"key\":\"publishing_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publishing office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publishing office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":16,\"key\":\"production_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"production office forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"production office forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":17,\"key\":\"pof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"POF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"POF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":18,\"key\":\"book_office_forum\",\"tenantTerm\":\"book office forum\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"book office forum\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":19,\"key\":\"bof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"BOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"BOF\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":20,\"key\":\"aira\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AIRA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AIRA\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":21,\"key\":\"editorial_board_management\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board management\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board management\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":22,\"key\":\"ebm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EBM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EBM\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":23,\"key\":\"domain\",\"tenantTerm\":\"domain\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"domain\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":24,\"key\":\"journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":25,\"key\":\"section\",\"tenantTerm\":\"section\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"section\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":26,\"key\":\"domains\",\"tenantTerm\":\"domains\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"domains\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":27,\"key\":\"specialty_section\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty section\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty section\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":28,\"key\":\"specialty_journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":29,\"key\":\"journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":30,\"key\":\"sections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"sections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"sections\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":31,\"key\":\"specialty_sections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty sections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty sections\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":32,\"key\":\"specialty_journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":33,\"key\":\"manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":34,\"key\":\"manuscripts\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscripts\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscripts\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":35,\"key\":\"article\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":36,\"key\":\"articles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"articles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"articles\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":37,\"key\":\"article_type\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article type\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article type\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":38,\"key\":\"article_types\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article types\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article types\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":39,\"key\":\"author\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":40,\"key\":\"authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":41,\"key\":\"authoring\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authoring\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authoring\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":42,\"key\":\"authored\",\"tenantTerm\":\"authored\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"authored\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":43,\"key\":\"accept\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accept\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":44,\"key\":\"accepted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accepted\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":45,\"key\":\"assistant_field_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a Field Journal that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":46,\"key\":\"assistant_specialty_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":47,\"key\":\"assistant_specialty_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Specialty Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":48,\"key\":\"associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Associate Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Associate Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":49,\"key\":\"specialty_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editor\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":50,\"key\":\"specialty_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Specialty Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":51,\"key\":\"chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":52,\"key\":\"chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":53,\"key\":\"call_for_participation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"call for participation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"call for participation\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":54,\"key\":\"citation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"citation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"citation\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":55,\"key\":\"citations\",\"tenantTerm\":\"citations\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"citations\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":56,\"key\":\"contributor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"contributor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"contributor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":57,\"key\":\"contributors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"contributors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"contributors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":58,\"key\":\"corresponding_author\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":59,\"key\":\"corresponding_authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":60,\"key\":\"decline\",\"tenantTerm\":\"decline\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"decline\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":61,\"key\":\"declined\",\"tenantTerm\":\"declined\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"declined\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":62,\"key\":\"reject\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reject\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reject\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":63,\"key\":\"rejected\",\"tenantTerm\":\"rejected\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"rejected\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":64,\"key\":\"publish\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publish\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publish\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":65,\"key\":\"published\",\"tenantTerm\":\"published\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"published\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":66,\"key\":\"publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publication\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":67,\"key\":\"peer_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"peer review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"peer review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":68,\"key\":\"peer_reviewed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"peer reviewed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"peer reviewed\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":69,\"key\":\"initial_validation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"initial validation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"initial validation\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":70,\"key\":\"editorial_assignment\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial assignment\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial assignment\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":71,\"key\":\"independent_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"independent review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"independent review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":72,\"key\":\"interactive_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"interactive review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"interactive review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":73,\"key\":\"review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":74,\"key\":\"reviewing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewing\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":75,\"key\":\"reviewer\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":76,\"key\":\"reviewers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":77,\"key\":\"review_finalized\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review finalized\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review finalized\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":78,\"key\":\"final_decision\",\"tenantTerm\":\"final decision\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"final decision\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":79,\"key\":\"final_validation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"final validation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"final validation\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":80,\"key\":\"ae_accept_manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend to accept manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept manuscript\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":81,\"key\":\"fee\",\"tenantTerm\":\"fee\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"fee\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":82,\"key\":\"fees\",\"tenantTerm\":\"fees\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"fees\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":83,\"key\":\"guest_associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":84,\"key\":\"guest_associate_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Guest Associate Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":85,\"key\":\"in_review\",\"tenantTerm\":\"in review\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"in review\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":86,\"key\":\"institutional_member\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partner\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partner\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":87,\"key\":\"institutional_membership\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partnership\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partnership\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":88,\"key\":\"article_processing_charge\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article processing charge\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article processing charge\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":89,\"key\":\"article_processing_charges\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article processing charges\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article processing charges\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":90,\"key\":\"apcs\",\"tenantTerm\":\"APCs\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"APCs\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":91,\"key\":\"apc\",\"tenantTerm\":\"APC\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"APC\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":92,\"key\":\"received\",\"tenantTerm\":\"received\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"received\",\"description\":\"Date manuscript was received on.\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":93,\"key\":\"transferred\",\"tenantTerm\":\"transferred\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"transferred\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":94,\"key\":\"transfer\",\"tenantTerm\":\"transfer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"transfer\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":95,\"key\":\"research_topic\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topic\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topic\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":96,\"key\":\"research_topics\",\"tenantTerm\":\"research topics\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"research topics\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":97,\"key\":\"topic_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Topic Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Topic Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":98,\"key\":\"review_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Review Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Review Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":99,\"key\":\"title\",\"tenantTerm\":\"title\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"title\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":100,\"key\":\"running_title\",\"tenantTerm\":\"running title\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"running title\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":101,\"key\":\"submit\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submit\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submit\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":102,\"key\":\"submitted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitted\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":103,\"key\":\"submitting\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitting\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitting\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":104,\"key\":\"t_e\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TE\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":105,\"key\":\"topic\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":106,\"key\":\"topic_summary\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic summary\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic summary\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":107,\"key\":\"figure\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figure\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figure\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":108,\"key\":\"figures\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figures\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figures\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":109,\"key\":\"editorial_file\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial file\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial file\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":110,\"key\":\"editorial_files\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial files\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial files\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":111,\"key\":\"e_book\",\"tenantTerm\":\"e-book\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"e-book\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":112,\"key\":\"organization\",\"tenantTerm\":\"organization\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"organization\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":113,\"key\":\"institution\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institution\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institution\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":114,\"key\":\"reference\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reference\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reference\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":115,\"key\":\"references\",\"tenantTerm\":\"references\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"references\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":116,\"key\":\"sce\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SCE\",\"description\":\"Abbreviation for Specialty Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":117,\"key\":\"submission\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submission\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submission\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":118,\"key\":\"submissions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submissions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submissions\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":119,\"key\":\"editing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editing\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":120,\"key\":\"in_preparation\",\"tenantTerm\":\"in preparation\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"in preparation\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":121,\"key\":\"country_region\",\"tenantTerm\":\"country\u002Fregion\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"country\u002Fregion\",\"description\":\"Because of political issues, some of the country listings are actually classified as `regions` and we need to include this. However other clients may not want to do this.\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":122,\"key\":\"countries_regions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"countries\u002Fregions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"countries\u002Fregions\",\"description\":\"Because of political issues, some of the country listings are actually classified as `regions` and we need to include this. However other clients may not want to do this.\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":123,\"key\":\"specialty\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":124,\"key\":\"specialties\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialties\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialties\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":125,\"key\":\"associate_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Associate Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Associate Editors\",\"description\":\"An editorial role on a specialty that a Registered User may hold. This gives them rights to different functionality and parts of the platform\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":126,\"key\":\"reviewed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewed\",\"category\":\"Peer Review Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":127,\"key\":\"institutional_members\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partners\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partners\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":128,\"key\":\"institutional_memberships\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutional partnerships\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutional partnerships\",\"category\":\"Accounting\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":129,\"key\":\"assistant_field_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Assistant Field Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":130,\"key\":\"publications\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publications\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publications\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":131,\"key\":\"ae_accepted\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":132,\"key\":\"field_journal\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field journal\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field journal\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":133,\"key\":\"field_journals\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field journals\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field journals\",\"category\":\"Taxonomy\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":134,\"key\":\"program_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"program manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"program manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":135,\"key\":\"journal_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":136,\"key\":\"journal_specialist\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal specialist\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal specialist\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":137,\"key\":\"program_managers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"program managers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"program managers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":138,\"key\":\"journal_managers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal managers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal managers\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":139,\"key\":\"journal_specialists\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal specialists\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal specialists\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":140,\"key\":\"cover_letter\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript contribution to the field\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript contribution to the field\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":141,\"key\":\"ae_accepted_manuscript\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended to accept manuscript\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accepted manuscript\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":142,\"key\":\"recommend_for_rejection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend for rejection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"recommend for rejection\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":143,\"key\":\"recommended_for_rejection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommended for rejection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"recommended for rejection\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":144,\"key\":\"ae\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AE\",\"description\":\"Associate Editor - board member\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":145,\"key\":\"re\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RE\",\"description\":\"Review Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":146,\"key\":\"rev\",\"tenantTerm\":\"REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"REV\",\"description\":\"Reviewer\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":147,\"key\":\"aut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AUT\",\"description\":\"Author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":148,\"key\":\"coraut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"description\":\"Corresponding author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":149,\"key\":\"saut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"description\":\"Submitting author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":150,\"key\":\"coaut\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"description\":\"co-author\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":151,\"key\":\"tsof\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"description\":\"Typesetter\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":152,\"key\":\"typesetting_office\",\"tenantTerm\":\"typesetting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"typesetting office\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":153,\"key\":\"config\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"description\":\"Configuration office role\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":154,\"key\":\"jm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JM\",\"description\":\"Journal Manager\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":155,\"key\":\"rte\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTE\",\"description\":\"Research topic editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":156,\"key\":\"organizations\",\"tenantTerm\":\"organizations\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"organizations\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":157,\"key\":\"publishing\",\"tenantTerm\":\"publishing\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"publishing\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":158,\"key\":\"acceptance\",\"tenantTerm\":\"acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"acceptance\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":159,\"key\":\"preferred_associate_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"preferred associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"preferred associate editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":160,\"key\":\"topic_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Topic Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Topic Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":161,\"key\":\"institutions\",\"tenantTerm\":\"institutions\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"institutions\",\"category\":\"Core\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":162,\"key\":\"author(s)\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author(s)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author(s)\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":163,\"key\":\"figure(s)\",\"tenantTerm\":\"figure(s)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"figure(s)\",\"category\":\"Manuscript Metadata\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":164,\"key\":\"co-authors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-authors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-authors\",\"description\":\"co-authors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":165,\"key\":\"editorial_board_members\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board members\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board members\",\"description\":\"editorial board members\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":166,\"key\":\"editorial_board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"description\":\"editorial board\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":167,\"key\":\"co-authorship\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-authorship\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-authorship\",\"description\":\"co-authorship\",\"category\":\"Misc.\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":168,\"key\":\"role_id_1\",\"tenantTerm\":\"registration office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"registration office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":169,\"key\":\"role_id_2\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":170,\"key\":\"role_id_7\",\"tenantTerm\":\"field chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"field chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":171,\"key\":\"role_id_8\",\"tenantTerm\":\"assistant field chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"assistant field chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":172,\"key\":\"role_id_9\",\"tenantTerm\":\"specialty chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"specialty chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":173,\"key\":\"role_id_10\",\"tenantTerm\":\"assistant specialty chief editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"assistant specialty chief editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":174,\"key\":\"role_id_11\",\"tenantTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":175,\"key\":\"role_id_12\",\"tenantTerm\":\"guest associate editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"guest associate editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":176,\"key\":\"role_id_13\",\"tenantTerm\":\"review editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"review editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":177,\"key\":\"role_id_14\",\"tenantTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"reviewer\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":178,\"key\":\"role_id_15\",\"tenantTerm\":\"author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":179,\"key\":\"role_id_16\",\"tenantTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"corresponding author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":180,\"key\":\"role_id_17\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submitting author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submitting author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":181,\"key\":\"role_id_18\",\"tenantTerm\":\"co-author\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"co-author\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":182,\"key\":\"role_id_20\",\"tenantTerm\":\"production office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"production office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":183,\"key\":\"role_id_22\",\"tenantTerm\":\"typesetting office (typesetter)\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"typesetting office (typesetter)\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":184,\"key\":\"role_id_24\",\"tenantTerm\":\"registered user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"registered user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":185,\"key\":\"role_id_35\",\"tenantTerm\":\"job office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"job office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":186,\"key\":\"role_id_41\",\"tenantTerm\":\"special event administrator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"special event administrator\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":187,\"key\":\"role_id_42\",\"tenantTerm\":\"special event reviewer\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"special event reviewer\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":188,\"key\":\"role_id_43\",\"tenantTerm\":\"submit abstract\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"submit abstract\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":189,\"key\":\"role_id_52\",\"tenantTerm\":\"events office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"events office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":190,\"key\":\"role_id_53\",\"tenantTerm\":\"event administrator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"event administrator\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":191,\"key\":\"role_id_89\",\"tenantTerm\":\"content management office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"content management office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":192,\"key\":\"role_id_98\",\"tenantTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accounting office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":193,\"key\":\"role_id_99\",\"tenantTerm\":\"projects\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"projects\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":194,\"key\":\"role_id_103\",\"tenantTerm\":\"configuration office\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"configuration office\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":195,\"key\":\"role_id_104\",\"tenantTerm\":\"beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":196,\"key\":\"role_id_106\",\"tenantTerm\":\"wfconf\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"wfconf\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":197,\"key\":\"role_id_107\",\"tenantTerm\":\"rt management beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"rt management beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":198,\"key\":\"role_id_108\",\"tenantTerm\":\"deo beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"deo beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":199,\"key\":\"role_id_109\",\"tenantTerm\":\"search beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"search beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":200,\"key\":\"role_id_110\",\"tenantTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"journal manager\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":201,\"key\":\"role_id_111\",\"tenantTerm\":\"myfrontiers beta user\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"myfrontiers beta user\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":202,\"key\":\"role_id_21\",\"tenantTerm\":\"copy editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"copy editor\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":203,\"key\":\"role_id_1_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"ROF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"ROF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":204,\"key\":\"role_id_2_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":205,\"key\":\"role_id_7_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"FCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"FCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":206,\"key\":\"role_id_8_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AFCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AFCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":207,\"key\":\"role_id_9_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":208,\"key\":\"role_id_10_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"ASCE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"ASCE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":209,\"key\":\"role_id_11_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":210,\"key\":\"role_id_12_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"GAE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"GAE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":211,\"key\":\"role_id_13_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RE\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RE\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":212,\"key\":\"role_id_14_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"REV\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":213,\"key\":\"role_id_15_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":214,\"key\":\"role_id_16_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CORAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":215,\"key\":\"role_id_17_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":216,\"key\":\"role_id_18_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COAUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":217,\"key\":\"role_id_20_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"POF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"POF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":218,\"key\":\"role_id_22_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"TSOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":219,\"key\":\"role_id_24_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RU\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RU\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":220,\"key\":\"role_id_35_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":221,\"key\":\"role_id_41_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-ADM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-ADM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":222,\"key\":\"role_id_42_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-REV\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-REV\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":223,\"key\":\"role_id_43_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SE-AUT\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SE-AUT\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":224,\"key\":\"role_id_52_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EVOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EVOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":225,\"key\":\"role_id_53_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"EV-ADM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"EV-ADM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":226,\"key\":\"role_id_89_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COMOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COMOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":227,\"key\":\"role_id_98_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"AOF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"AOF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":228,\"key\":\"role_id_99_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Projects\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Projects\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":229,\"key\":\"role_id_103_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"CONFIG\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":230,\"key\":\"role_id_104_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"BETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"BETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":231,\"key\":\"role_id_106_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"WFCONF\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"WFCONF\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":232,\"key\":\"role_id_107_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":233,\"key\":\"role_id_108_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"DEOBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"DEOBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":234,\"key\":\"role_id_109_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"SEARCHBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"SEARCHBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":235,\"key\":\"role_id_110_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"JM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"JM\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":236,\"key\":\"role_id_111_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"MFBETA\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"MFBETA\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":237,\"key\":\"role_id_21_abr\",\"tenantTerm\":\"COPED\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"COPED\",\"category\":\"User Role\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":238,\"key\":\"reviewer_editorial_board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editorial board\",\"description\":\"This is the label for the review editorial board\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":239,\"key\":\"field_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Field Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Field Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":240,\"key\":\"field_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Field Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Field Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":241,\"key\":\"editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":242,\"key\":\"editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":243,\"key\":\"board\",\"tenantTerm\":\"board\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"board\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":244,\"key\":\"boards\",\"tenantTerm\":\"boards\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"boards\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":245,\"key\":\"article_collection\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article collection\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article collection\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":246,\"key\":\"article_collections\",\"tenantTerm\":\"article collections\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"article collections\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":247,\"key\":\"handling_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"handling editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editor\",\"description\":\"This terminology key is for the person assigned to edit a manuscript. It is a label for the temporary handling editor assignment.\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":248,\"key\":\"handling_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"handling editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"associate editors\",\"description\":\"This terminology key is for the person assigned to edit a manuscript. It is a label for the temporary handling editor assignment.\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":249,\"key\":\"ae_accept\",\"tenantTerm\":\"recommend acceptance\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"accept\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":250,\"key\":\"rtm\",\"tenantTerm\":\"RTM\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"RTM\",\"category\":\"Product\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":251,\"key\":\"frontiers_media_sa\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Frontiers Media S.A\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Frontiers Media S.A\",\"category\":\"Customer\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":252,\"key\":\"review_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Review Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Review Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":253,\"key\":\"journal_card_chief_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editor\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":254,\"key\":\"journal_card_chief_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Chief Editors\",\"category\":\"Label (Role)\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":255,\"key\":\"call_for_papers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Call for papers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Call for papers\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":256,\"key\":\"calls_for_papers\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Calls for papers\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Calls for papers\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":257,\"key\":\"supervising_editor\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Supervising Editor\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Supervising Editor\",\"description\":\"A Chief or Assistant Chief editor who is assigned to a manuscript to supervise.\",\"category\":\"Role\",\"externalKey\":\"supervising_editor\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":258,\"key\":\"supervising_editors\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Supervising Editors\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Supervising Editors\",\"description\":\"A Chief or Assistant Chief editor who is assigned to a manuscript to supervise.\",\"category\":\"Role\",\"externalKey\":\"supervising_editors\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":259,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorse\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorse\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorse\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":260,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorsed\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorsed\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorsed\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":261,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorse_publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorse publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorse publication\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":262,\"key\":\"reviewer_endorsed_publication\",\"tenantTerm\":\"endorsed publication\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"endorsed publication\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":263,\"key\":\"editor_role\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor role\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editor Role\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":264,\"key\":\"editor_roles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editor roles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editor Roles\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":265,\"key\":\"editorial_role\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial role\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editorial Role\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":266,\"key\":\"editorial_roles\",\"tenantTerm\":\"editorial roles\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Editorial Roles\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":267,\"key\":\"call_for_paper\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Call for paper\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Call for paper\",\"category\":\"Label\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":268,\"key\":\"research_topic_abstract\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript summary\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript summary\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":269,\"key\":\"research_topic_abstracts\",\"tenantTerm\":\"manuscript summaries\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"manuscript summaries\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":270,\"key\":\"submissions_team_manager\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Journal Manager\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Content Manager\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":271,\"key\":\"submissions_team\",\"tenantTerm\":\"Journal Team\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"Content Team\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":272,\"key\":\"topic_coordinator\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic coordinator\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic coordinator\",\"category\":\"Process\"},{\"sequenceNumber\":273,\"key\":\"topic_coordinators\",\"tenantTerm\":\"topic coordinators\",\"frontiersDefaultTerm\":\"topic coordinators\",\"category\":\"Process\"}]}'\n",gtmId:"GTM-M322FV2",gtmAuth:"owVbWxfaJr21yQv1fe1cAQ",gtmServerUrl:"https:\u002F\u002Ftag-manager.frontiersin.org",gtmPreview:"env-1",faviconSize512:"https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002Fed3f9ce840a03d7\u002Ffavicon_512-tenantFavicon-Frontiers.png",socialMediaImg:"https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002F1c8bcb536c789e11\u002FGuidelines-Frontiers_Logo_1200x628_1-91to1.png",_app:{basePath:"\u002F",assetsPath:"\u002Farticle-pages\u002F_nuxt\u002F",cdnURL:f}},apollo:{contentfulJournalsDelivery:Object.create(null),contentfulJournalsPreview:Object.create(null),contentfulHomeDelivery:Object.create(null),contentfulHomePreview:Object.create(null),frontiersGraph:Object.create(null)}}}("journal_journal","public_space",1,"frontiersin.org","",null,"_self",true,false,3,"frontierspartnerships.org",0,"_blank","citation_author","citation_author_institution",5,"Frontiers in Big Data","PDF",1380,"big-data","Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia","Spain","Link",4,2,"European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)","Switzerland","description","Frontiers","Instituto de F铆sica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas, University of Valencia, Spain","Help center","Grey","Medium","ssph-journal.org","fship","image","landscape","Front. Big Data","2624-909X",void 0,"Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb",18,"United States","European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland",1920,"por-journal.com",7,"escubed.org",1918,"fipp","https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F5D64838B-A589-4B8A-A4025D395F85ED92\u002Fwebimage-299656E7-F165-4CB6-BD5B4F2B6B1AA5AC.png","22C10171-81B3-4DA6-99342F272A32E8BB","https:\u002F\u002Fbrand.frontiersin.org\u002Fm\u002F664509524208c726\u002Foriginal\u002FFDATA_Main-Visual_Purple_Website.jpg","jpg","fdata",115,"10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737","\u003Cp\u003ELong-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their very displaced vertices. This study evaluated the ability of the trigger algorithms used in the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment to detect long-lived particles and attempted to adapt them to enhance the sensitivity of this experiment to undiscovered long-lived particles. A model with a Higgs portal to a dark sector is tested, and the sensitivity reach is discussed. In the LHCb tracking system, the farthest tracking station from the collision point is the scintillating fiber tracker, the SciFi detector. One of the challenges in the track reconstruction is to deal with the large amount of and combinatorics of hits in the LHCb detector. A dedicated algorithm has been developed to cope with the large data output. When fully implemented, this algorithm would greatly increase the available statistics for any long-lived particle search in the forward region and would additionally improve the sensitivity of analyses dealing with Standard Model particles of large lifetime, such as \u003Cinline-formula\u003E\u003Cmml:math id=\"M1\" xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\"\u003E\u003Cmml:mrow\u003E\u003Cmml:msubsup\u003E\u003Cmml:mi\u003EK\u003C\u002Fmml:mi\u003E\u003Cmml:mtext\u003ES\u003C\u002Fmml:mtext\u003E\u003Cmml:mn\u003E0\u003C\u002Fmml:mn\u003E\u003C\u002Fmml:msubsup\u003E\u003C\u002Fmml:mrow\u003E\u003C\u002Fmml:math\u003E\u003C\u002Finline-formula\u003E or 螞\u003Csup\u003E0\u003C\u002Fsup\u003E hadrons.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","Lukas","Laboratoire de Physique Nucl茅aire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Universit茅, CNRS\u002FIN2P3","France","Fakult盲t Physik, Technical University Dortmund","Germany","Arthur","Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",1974290,"Louis",2058328,"Brij",2036716,"Diego",1601843,"Arantza","Izaac","Carlos V谩zquez",1994727,"Jiahui","Part of LHCb-RTA Collaboration",1417433,"Michael",1513091,"Letizia",1916582,"Alexander",{},1499,"Big Data and AI in High Energy Physics","big-data-and-ai-in-high-energy-physics","EPUB","fdata-05-1008737.pdf","Frontiers | Effect of the high-level trigger for detecting long-lived particles at LHCb","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals\u002Fbig-data\u002Farticles\u002F10.3389\u002Ffdata.2022.1008737\u002Ffull","Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their ver...","og:title","og:description","keywords","og:site_name","og:image","og:type","og:url","twitter:card","citation_volume","citation_journal_title","citation_publisher","citation_journal_abbrev","citation_issn","citation_doi","citation_firstpage","citation_language","citation_title","citation_keywords","citation_abstract","citation_pdf_url","citation_online_date","citation_publication_date","Laboratoire de Physique Nucl茅aire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Universit茅, CNRS\u002FIN2P3, France","dc.identifier","articles","editors","research-topics","https:\u002F\u002Fd2csxpduxe849s.cloudfront.net\u002Fmedia\u002FE32629C6-9347-4F84-81FEAEF7BFA342B3\u002F0B4B1380-42EB-4FD5-9D7E2DBC603E79F8\u002Fwebimage-C4875379-1478-416F-B03DF68FE3D8DBB5.png","Man ultramarathon runner in the mountains he trains at sunset","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fresearch-integrity","How we publish","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fhow-we-publish","Fee policy","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Ffee-policy","Research Topics","https:\u002F\u002Fforum.frontiersin.org\u002F","Frontiers Planet Prize","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersplanetprize.org\u002F","this link will take you to the Frontiers Planet Prize website","Career opportunities","https:\u002F\u002Fcareers.frontiersin.org\u002F","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fabout\u002Fcontact","Author guidelines","Editor guidelines","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Fjournals","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.frontiersin.org\u002Farticles","Articles","https:\u002F\u002Fhelpcenter.frontiersin.org","Frontiers for Young Minds","Frontiers Facebook",9,"Transplant International","transplant-international","ti",1921,"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","spanish-journal-of-soil-science","sjss","ebm-journal.org","Public Health Reviews","public-health-reviews","phrs","Pathology and Oncology Research","pathology-and-oncology-research","pore",21,"Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice","pastoralism-research-policy-and-practice","past",11,"Oncology Reviews","oncology-reviews","or","Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences","journal-of-pharmacy-pharmaceutical-sciences","jpps","Journal of Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy","journal-of-cutaneous-immunology-and-allergy","JCIA","Journal of Abdominal Wall Surgery","journal-of-abdominal-wall-surgery","jaws",1919,"International Journal of Public Health","international-journal-of-public-health","ijph","Frontiers in Pathology","pathology","fpath",13,12,17,6,"Experimental Biology and Medicine","experimental-biology-and-medicine","EBM","European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy","european-journal-of-cultural-management-and-policy","ejcmp","Earth Science, Systems and Society","earth-science-systems-and-society","esss","Dystonia","dystonia","dyst","British Journal of Biomedical Science","british-journal-of-biomedical-science","bjbs","Aerospace Research Communications","aerospace-research-communications","arc","Advances in Drug and Alcohol Research","advances-in-drug-and-alcohol-research","adar","Acta Virologica","acta-virologica","av","Acta Biochimica Polonica","acta-biochimica-polonica"));</script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/75f1046.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/a5e7651.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/f548f7f.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/e3c5a8f.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/d89174d.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/ed7fc59.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/2abb6c5.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/701e3a3.js" defer></script><script src="/article-pages/_nuxt/c9b2266.js" defer></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/altmetric_badges-f0bc9b243ff5677d05460c1eb71834ca998946d764eb3bc244ab4b18ba50d21e.js" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://api.altmetric.com/v1/doi/10.3389/fdata.2022.1008737?callback=_altmetric.embed_callback&domain=www.frontiersin.org&key=3c130976ca2b8f2e88f8377633751ba1&cache_until=14-15" data-body="true" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js" data-body="true" async></script> </body> </html>