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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privatization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Privatization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privatization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 State control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continual_rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continual_rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Continual rise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continual_rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Changing_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changing_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Changing situation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changing_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supply_and_reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supply_and_reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Supply and reserves </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supply_and_reserves-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Supply and reserves subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Supply_and_reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imports_from_Central_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imports_from_Central_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Imports from Central Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imports_from_Central_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Reserves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_and_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Development and exploration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development_and_exploration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Development and exploration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development_and_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blue_Stream_Pipeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Stream_Pipeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Blue Stream Pipeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Stream_Pipeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yamal_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yamal_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Yamal Peninsula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yamal_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shtokman_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shtokman_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Shtokman field </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shtokman_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khanty-Mansiysk_autonomous_area_(Arctic_shelf)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khanty-Mansiysk_autonomous_area_(Arctic_shelf)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous area (Arctic shelf) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khanty-Mansiysk_autonomous_area_(Arctic_shelf)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liquefied_Natural_Gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquefied_Natural_Gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Liquefied Natural Gas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquefied_Natural_Gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sales </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sales subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Exports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Price_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Price_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Price disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Price_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shareholders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shareholders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Shareholders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shareholders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Subsidiaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Sports sponsorships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Environmental record </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geopolitical_leverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitical_leverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Geopolitical leverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitical_leverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yukos_Oil_fraud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yukos_Oil_fraud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Yukos Oil fraud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yukos_Oil_fraud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antitrust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antitrust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Antitrust </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antitrust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methane_leaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methane_leaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Methane leaks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methane_leaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nord_Stream_pipelines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nord_Stream_pipelines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Nord Stream pipelines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nord_Stream_pipelines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greenpeace_protest_against_Arctic_drilling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greenpeace_protest_against_Arctic_drilling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Greenpeace protest against Arctic drilling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greenpeace_protest_against_Arctic_drilling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 Private army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducing_and_ceasing_supplies_to_gas_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducing_and_ceasing_supplies_to_gas_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 Reducing and ceasing supplies to gas companies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducing_and_ceasing_supplies_to_gas_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gazprom</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="غازبروم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غازبروم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazprom" title="Qazprom – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazprom" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="قازپروم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازپروم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Газпрам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газпрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Газпрам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газпрам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazpromo" title="Gazpromo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gazpromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="گازپروم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گازپروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A1%AC" title="가스프롬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가스프롬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4" title="Գազպրոմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազպրոմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גזפרום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גזפרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გაზპრომი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაზპრომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გაზპრომი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაზპრომი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="غاز بروم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غاز بروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A0" title="ガスプロム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガスプロム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="ګاز پروم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګاز پروم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Газпром – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газпром" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gazprom" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gazprom PJSC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazprom-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Gazprom-Logo.svg/220px-Gazprom-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Gazprom-Logo.svg/330px-Gazprom-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/11/Gazprom-Logo.svg/440px-Gazprom-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="221" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg/220px-Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg/330px-Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg/440px-Lakhta_Centre_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">ПАО "Газпром"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_company" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned company">State-owned company</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a> (<a href="/wiki/Public_Joint-Stock_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Joint-Stock Company">PAO</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">MCX</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moex.com/en/issue.aspx?code=GAZP">GAZP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and gas industry">Oil and gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 1989; 35 years ago (1989-08-08)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lakhta_Centre" title="Lakhta Centre">Lakhta Centre</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov" title="Viktor Zubkov">Viktor Zubkov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman#Corporate_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Miller" title="Alexey Miller">Alexey Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Petroleum Natural gas <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category">Gas pipeline transport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$87.7 billion<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">[1]</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$8.53 billion<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">[1]</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$2.25 billion<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">[1]</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$324 billion<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">[1]</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$205 billion<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">[1]</a> (2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian government</a> (50.23%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">466,000<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-48784a9e3defe55c1ffd8561a7d4c3c073c04835-v18-2">[2]</a> (2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gazprom%27s_subsidiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gazprom's subsidiaries">List of subsidiaries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazprom.com">gazprom.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> PJSC Gazprom (Russian: Газпром, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ɡɐsˈprom]</a>) is a Russian <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">majority state-owned</a> multinational <a href="/wiki/Energy_industry" title="Energy industry">energy corporation</a> headquartered in the <a href="/wiki/Lakhta_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhta Center">Lakhta Center</a> in Saint Petersburg.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The Gazprom name is a contraction of the Russian words gazovaya promyshlennost (газовая промышленность, gas industry). In January 2022, Gazprom displaced <a href="/wiki/Sberbank_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sberbank of Russia">Sberbank</a> from the first place in the list of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Russia" title="List of companies of Russia">largest company in Russia</a> by market capitalization.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In 2022, the company's revenue amounted to 8 trillion rubles.<a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[5]</a> Gazprom is <a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">vertically integrated</a> and is active in every area of the gas industry, including <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration" title="Hydrocarbon exploration">exploration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extraction_of_petroleum" title="Extraction of petroleum">production</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refining" title="Refining">refining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_transport" title="Petroleum transport">transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midstream" title="Midstream">distribution and marketing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">power generation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 2018, Gazprom produced twelve percent of the global output of natural gas, producing 497.6 billion cubic meters of natural and <a href="/wiki/Associated_petroleum_gas" title="Associated petroleum gas">associated gas</a> and 15.9 million tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Natural-gas_condensate" title="Natural-gas condensate">gas condensate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> Gazprom then exports the gas through <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipelines</a> that the company builds and owns across Russia and abroad, such as <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In the same year, Gazprom has <a href="/wiki/Proven_reserves" title="Proven reserves">proven reserves</a> of 35.1 trillion cubic meters of gas and 1.6 billion tons of gas condensate.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> Gazprom is also a large <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> producer through its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a>, producing about 41 million tons of oil with reserves amounting to 2 billion tons.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a> The company also has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gazprom%27s_subsidiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gazprom's subsidiaries">subsidiaries</a> in industrial sectors, including <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazpromavia" title="Gazpromavia">aviation</a>, and majority stakes in other companies. Gazprom was created in 1989, when the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Ministry_of_Gas_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Ministry of Gas Industry">Soviet Ministry of Gas Industry</a> was converted to a <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporation</a>, becoming the first state-run corporate enterprise in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union's dissolution</a>, Gazprom was privatized, retaining its Russia-based assets. At that time, Gazprom evaded taxes and state regulations and engaged in <a href="/wiki/Asset_stripping" title="Asset stripping">asset stripping</a>. The company later returned to government control in the early 2000s, and since then, the company has been involved in the Russian government's diplomatic efforts, setting of gas prices, and access to pipelines.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The company is majority-owned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian government</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_State_Property_Management" title="Federal Agency for State Property Management">Federal Agency for State Property Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosneftegaz" title="Rosneftegaz">Rosneftegaz</a>, while the remaining shares are traded publicly.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-stock-structure-10">[10]</a> Gazprom, listed on the Moscow Exchange, had a market capitalization of RUB3.94T (US$44.96 billion) in March 2000, which increased to US$80.56 billion by September 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> In 1943, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the government of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> developed a domestic gas industry. In 1965, it <a href="/wiki/Command_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Command economy">centralized</a> <a href="/wiki/Gas_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas exploration">gas exploration</a>, development, and distribution within the Ministry of Gas Industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Ministry of Gas Industry found large natural gas reserves in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a> region and the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Region">Volga Region</a>. The Soviet Union became a major gas producer.<a href="#cite_note-history-12">[12]</a> In August 1989, under the leadership of the minister of Gas Industry of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1985-1989) <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin" title="Viktor Chernomyrdin">Viktor Chernomyrdin</a>, the Ministry of Gas Industry was renamed the State Gas Concern Gazprom, and became the Soviet Union's first state-run <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporate</a> enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-faq_jsc-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In late 1991, when the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union dissolved</a>, gas industry assets were transferred to newly established national companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmengaz" title="Türkmengaz">Turkmengaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Gazprom kept assets located in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and secured a <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> in the gas sector.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privatization">Privatization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Privatization">edit</a>]</div> In December 1992, when <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian President">Russian President</a>, appointed <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin" title="Viktor Chernomyrdin">Viktor Chernomyrdin</a>, Gazprom's Chairman, his <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister</a>, the company's political influence increased. <a href="/wiki/Rem_Viakhirev" title="Rem Viakhirev">Rem Viakhirev</a> took the chairmanship of Gazprom's Board of Directors and Managing Committee.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">Decree of the President of the Russian Federation</a> of 5 November 1992, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Order of the Government of Russia">Resolution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a> of 17 February 1993, Gazprom became a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-faq_jsc-13">[13]</a> Gazprom began to distribute <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Voucher_privatization" title="Voucher privatization">voucher method</a>. (Each Russian citizen received <a href="/wiki/Voucher" title="Voucher">vouchers</a> to purchase shares of formerly state-owned companies). By 1994, 33% of Gazprom's shares had been bought by 747,000 members of the public, mostly in exchange for vouchers. Fifteen percent of the stock was allocated to Gazprom employees. The state retained 40% of the shares. That amount was gradually lowered to thirty-eight percent.<a href="#cite_note-marshall-18">[18]</a> Trading of Gazprom's shares was heavily regulated. Foreigners were prohibited from owning more than nine-percent of the shares. In October 1996, 1% of Gazprom's equity was offered for sale to foreigners as <a href="/wiki/Global_Depository_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Depository Receipt">Global Depository Receipts</a>. In 1997, Gazprom offered a <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bond</a> issue of US$2.5 billion. Chernomyrdin, as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a>, ensured Gazprom avoided tight state regulation. Gazprom evaded taxes, and the Government of Russia received little in <a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">dividends</a>. Gazprom managers and board members, such as Chernomyrdin and the Gazprom <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">Chief Executive Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rem_Viakhirev" title="Rem Viakhirev">Rem Viakhirev</a>, engaged in <a href="/wiki/Asset-stripping" class="mw-redirect" title="Asset-stripping">asset-stripping</a>. Gazprom assets were shared amongst their relatives. <a href="/wiki/Itera" class="mw-redirect" title="Itera">Itera</a>, a gas trading company also received Gazprom assets.<a href="#cite_note-goldman_p61-19">[19]</a> In March 1998, for reasons unrelated to his activities at Gazprom, Chernomyrdin was fired by Yeltsin.<a href="#cite_note-goldman_p101-20">[20]</a> On 30 June 1998, Chernomyrdin was made Chairman of the Board of Directors of Gazprom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_control">State control</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: State control">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS_gasmap.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RUS_gasmap.gif/220px-RUS_gasmap.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RUS_gasmap.gif/330px-RUS_gasmap.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RUS_gasmap.gif/440px-RUS_gasmap.gif 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Major Russian natural gas basins in 2000</figcaption></figure> When, in June 2000, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> became the President of Russia, he acted to gain control over <a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian oligarch">Russia's oligarchs</a>, and increase the Government of Russia's control in important companies through a program of <a href="/wiki/National_champions" title="National champions">national champions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-goldman_pp104-21">[21]</a> Putin fired Chernomyrdin from his position as the Chairman of the Gazprom board. The Russian Government's stock in Gazprom gave Putin the power to vote out Viakhirev. Chernomyrdin and Viakhirev were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Miller">Alexei Miller</a>. They were Putin's prior employees in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-goldman_pp104-21">[21]</a> Putin's actions were aided by the <a href="/wiki/Shareholder_activism" title="Shareholder activism">shareholder activism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Capital_Management" title="Hermitage Capital Management">Hermitage Capital Management</a> Chief Executive Officer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Browder" title="Bill Browder">William Browder</a>, and the former Russian Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Fedorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Fedorov">Boris Fyodorov</a>. Miller and Medvedev were to stop asset stripping at Gazprom and to recover losses. Itera was denied access to Gazprom's pipelines and came close to <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>. In 2006, Itera agreed to return stolen assets to Gazprom for a fee.<a href="#cite_note-goldman_pp141-22">[22]</a> Browder was deported from Russia, in 2005, and the Russian arm of Hermitage Capital Management was seized two years later.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT20080724-24">[24]</a> In April 2001, Gazprom acquired <a href="/wiki/NTV_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="NTV Russia">NTV</a>, Russia's only nationwide state-independent television station, from <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Gusinsky" title="Vladimir Gusinsky">Vladimir Gusinsky</a>'s company, Media-Most Holdings.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Gusinsky fell out of Putin's favor after using NTV to publish criticism from the families of sailors who died during the <a href="/wiki/Kursk_submarine_disaster" title="Kursk submarine disaster">Kursk submarine disaster</a> and additional criticism of Putin's handling of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a>. Gusinsky then fled Russia which Gazprom taking over NTV.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In June 2005, <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a>, Gazpromivest Holding, <a href="/wiki/Gazfond" title="Gazfond">Gazfond</a> and Gazprom Finance B. V., subsidiaries of Gazprom, sold a 10.7399% share of their stock for $7 billion to <a href="/wiki/Rosneftegaz" title="Rosneftegaz">Rosneftegaz</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7" class="extiw" title="ru:Роснефтегаз">ru</a>], a state-owned company. Some analysts said the amount paid by Rosneftegaz for the stock was too low.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The sale was completed by 25 December 2005. With the purchased stock and the thirty-eight percent share held by the State Property Committee, the Government of Russia gained control of Gazprom.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The Government of Russia revoked the Gazprom twenty percent foreign ownership rule and the company became open to foreign investment.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In September 2005, Gazprom bought 72.633 percent of the oil company Sibneft for $13.01 billion. Sibneft was renamed <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a>. The purchase was aided by a $12 billion loan. Gazprom became Russia's largest company.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> On the day of the deal the company worth was valued at <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>69.7 billion (US$123.2 billion). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG/220px-Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG/330px-Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG/440px-Russian_natural_gas_as_percent_of_domestic_consumption_chart.PNG 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Countries dependent on Russian natural gas (2006)</figcaption></figure> In July 2006, On Gas Export was enacted with nearly unanimous vote from the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>. This law gave Gazprom the exclusive right to export natural gas from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In December 2006, Gazprom signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsui" title="Mitsui">Mitsui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, to take over fifty percent plus one share of <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Energy" title="Sakhalin Energy">Sakhalin Energy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc211206-39">[39]</a> In June 2007, <a href="/wiki/TNK-BP" title="TNK-BP">TNK-BP</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP plc</a>, agreed to sell its stake in <a href="/wiki/Kovykta_field" title="Kovykta field">Kovykta field</a> in Siberia to Gazprom after the Government of Russia questioned BP's right to export gas from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazprom5-43">[43]</a> On 1 August 2007, Gazprom's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Kuprianov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Kuprianov (page does not exist)">Sergey Kuprianov</a> threatened <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> with stoppage of their gas flow if the latter failed to pay off their debts and if so they would experience a 300% price increase. Two days later he saw significant progress towards payment and he expected to be paid by the next week.<a href="#cite_note-dwdgp-44">[44]</a> On 23 June 2007, the governments of Russia and Italy signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> towards a joint venture between Gazprom and <a href="/wiki/Eni_SpA" class="mw-redirect" title="Eni SpA">Eni SpA</a> to construct a 558-mile (900 km) gas pipeline to carry 1.05 trillion cubic feet (30 km3) gas per year from Russia to Europe. This <a href="/wiki/South_Stream" title="South Stream">South Stream</a> pipeline would extend under the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to Bulgaria with a south fork to Italy and a north fork to Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-eni-47">[47]</a> On 18 December 2007, <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> (who was then Foreign Minister of Germany) and <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> signed an agreement on behalf of <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> to exploit another gas field. At the time, German demand was 40% covered by Russian supply. Some German academics warned that Germany had become too dependent of Russia but Steinmeier, citing the new <a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a>, disregarded them.<a href="#cite_note-dwdgp-44">[44]</a> On 11 February 2008 Kuprianov threatened Ukraine with a stoppage of flow; in January 2009 the threat was executed, beginning the <a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a>. BASF's <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Hambrecht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Hambrecht (page does not exist)">Jürgen Hambrecht</a> was concerned about the reliability of his firm's supply but Miller assuaged his worries in a phone call, and the Europeans did nothing to change course for more than a decade.<a href="#cite_note-dwdgp-44">[44]</a> On 1 December 2014, during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, Putin said the SouthStream project would not proceed and 63 billion cubic metres per year (bcm/y) of gas would be shipped to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. Bulgaria was being sued by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> for signing a contract with Russia, which was not aligned with European Union regulations. The president of Bulgaria, <a href="/wiki/Rosen_Plevneliev" title="Rosen Plevneliev">Rosen Plevneliev</a>, pressured the European Union and Russia to quickly resolve the matter.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continual_rise">Continual rise</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Continual rise">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg/220px-Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg/330px-Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg/440px-Sakhalin-II_LNG_production_plant_opening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>The ceremony marking the opening of a <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">LNG</a> production plant built as part of the <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin-II" title="Sakhalin-II">Sakhalin-II</a> project</figcaption></figure> On 4 September 2012, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> announced an <a href="/wiki/Anti-trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-trust">anti-trust</a> investigation into Gazprom's activities. This was based on "concerns that Gazprom may be abusing its dominant market position in upstream gas supply markets."<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In late November 2013, Gazprom expanded its media interests by acquiring Profmedia from <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Potanin" title="Vladimir Potanin">Vladimir Potanin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 21 May 2014, in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, Gazprom and the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation" title="China National Petroleum Corporation">China National Petroleum Corporation</a> made a contract worth $400 billion over thirty years. The contract was for Gazprom to deliver 38 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> beginning in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNPCdeal-53">[53]</a> In August 2014, construction began with pipes for the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_Siberia" title="Power of Siberia">Power of Siberia</a> pipeline delivered to Lensk, Yakutia.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Russia will start supplying natural gas to China through the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_Siberia" title="Power of Siberia">Power of Siberia</a> pipeline on 20 December 2019 as part of the two countries' $400 billion energy pact. Beijing and Moscow are now negotiating over a second Far Eastern gas pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] In June 2014, Gazprom negotiated with the <a href="/wiki/International_Petroleum_Investment_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="International Petroleum Investment Company">International Petroleum Investment Company</a> (IPIC of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>) over a 24.9 percent stake in the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> oil and gas firm <a href="/wiki/OMV" title="OMV">OMV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In July 2014, Gazprom acquired <a href="/wiki/Central_Partnership" title="Central Partnership">Central Partnership</a>, one of the largest film distributors in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In September 2015 the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> contracts were signed, and by July 2021 the pipeline was commissioned.<a href="#cite_note-dwdgp-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changing_situation">Changing situation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Changing situation">edit</a>]</div> Following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022, the threat by Russia of reducing the supply of gas to Europe risked the Gazprom export market. When it was implemented, exports by Gazprom fell from the 185Bcm achieved in 2021 to 100Bcm in 2022 and fell again in 2023. The revenue of Gazprom, whilst initially supported by high prices collapsed in 2023 resulting in a trading loss and the need to increase the price in the domestic market by 34% over 3 years.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-obo21-59">[59]</a> Gazprom has also opened itself up to compensation claims for failure to supply gas under long term contracts.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supply_and_reserves">Supply and reserves</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Supply and reserves">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_(2014).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg/270px-Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg/405px-Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg/540px-Countries_by_Natural_Gas_Proven_Reserves_%282014%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Countries by <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">natural gas proven reserves</a> (2014). Russia has the world's largest reserves.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production">Production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> In 2011,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Gazprom produced 513.17 billion cubic metres (18.122 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas, which was 17 percent of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">worldwide</a> production and 83 percent of Russian production. Of this amount, the <a href="/wiki/Yamburg,_Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Yamburg, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamburg</a> subsidiary produced 41 percent, <a href="/wiki/Urengoy_gas_field" title="Urengoy gas field">Urengoy</a> 23.6 percent, <a href="/wiki/Nadym" title="Nadym">Nadym</a> 10.9 percent, <a href="/wiki/Noyabrsk" title="Noyabrsk">Noyabrsk</a> 9.3 percent and others 15.2 percent. In addition, the company produced 32.28 million tons of oil and 12.07 million tons of gas condensate.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2011-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2013-63">[63]</a> The majority of Gazprom's fields are located in the Nadym-Pur-Taz region (near the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Ob" title="Gulf of Ob">Gulf of Ob</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug</a> in Western <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-asbo-64">[64]</a> Historically, the three largest fields are Medvezhe, <a href="/wiki/Urengoy_gas_field" title="Urengoy gas field">Urengoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamburg_gas_field" title="Yamburg gas field">Yamburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> After more than twenty years of production, the fields are now in decline. Production from the fields has decreased by twenty to twenty-five bcm per year.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-russiaprofile-68">[68]</a> The production at <a href="/wiki/Zapolyarnoye_gas_field" title="Zapolyarnoye gas field">Zaporliarnoe</a>, Gazprom's fourth largest field, increased until 2004, offsetting the decline in the other fields.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> Since 2004, Gazprom has maintained production by activating new smaller fields and by purchasing production assets from other companies.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-faq_decline-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a> produces crude oil. In 2005, Gazprom purchased 75 percent of the Gazprom Neft shares for $13.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="width:48em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>billion cubic metres </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Natural gas </td> <td>552.5 </td> <td>555.0 </td> <td>556.0 </td> <td>548.6 </td> <td>549.7 </td> <td>461.5 </td> <td>508.6 </td> <td>513.2 </td> <td>487.0 </td> <td>487.4 </td> <td>443.9 </td> <td>418.5 </td> <td>419.1 </td> <td>472.1 </td> <td>498.7 </td> <td>501.2 </td> <td>454.5 </td> <td>515.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>million tons </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2020 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Crude oil </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>34.0 </td> <td>34.0 </td> <td>32.0 </td> <td>31.6 </td> <td>32.0 </td> <td>32.3 </td> <td>33.3 </td> <td>33.8 </td> <td>35.3 </td> <td>36.0 </td> <td>39.3 </td> <td>48.6 </td> <td>48.3 </td> <td>48.0 </td> <td>47.1 </td> <td>48.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Condensate </td> <td>11.1 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>11.4 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td>10.9 </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>11.3 </td> <td>12.1 </td> <td>12.9 </td> <td>14.7 </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td>15.3 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>15.9 </td> <td>16.7 </td> <td>16.2 </td> <td>16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19">Source: Gazprom in figures 2004–2008, 2007–2011, 2009–2013 and 2012–2016.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2011-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2013-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2016-71">[71]</a> 2017-2019 <a href="#cite_note-gaz2019-72">[72]</a> 2020-2021 <a href="#cite_note-gaz21-73">[73]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imports_from_Central_Asia">Imports from Central Asia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Imports from Central Asia">edit</a>]</div> Gazprom's ability to supply natural gas to domestic market and for reexport has relied to a large extent on imports from <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> In 2007, Gazprom imported a total of 60.7 billion cubic metres (2.14 trillion cubic feet) from Central Asia: 42.6 billion cubic metres (1.50 trillion cubic feet) from <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, 8.5 billion cubic metres (300 billion cubic feet) from <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, and 9.6 billion cubic metres (340 billion cubic feet) from <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> In particular, Gazprom purchased seventy-five percent of <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> gas exports in order to supply gas to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. In 2008, Gazprom paid $130/mcm to $180/mcm for gas from Central Asia.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reserves">Reserves</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reserves">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, Gazprom's proved and probable reserves of natural gas were 23.705 trillion cubic metres (837.1 trillion cubic feet), a 3.8% increase from the 2011 figure which represented 18.4% of the world's reserves. In 2015, the reserves of crude oil were 1.355 billion tons and the reserves of <a href="/wiki/Gas_condensate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas condensate">gas condensate</a> were 933.3 billion tons.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2015-74">[74]</a> 59.8 percent of Gazprom's natural gas reserves (Categories A+B+C1) were located in the <a href="/wiki/Urals_Federal_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals Federal District">Urals Federal District</a> (decreasing), 20.5 percent in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> shelf (increasing), and 8.3 percent in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern Federal District</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District" title="North Caucasian Federal District">North Caucasus Federal District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2011-62">[62]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="width:56em;"> <tbody><tr> <th>trillion cubic metres </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2019 </th> <th>2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Natural gas </td> <td>20.90 </td> <td>20.66 </td> <td>20.73 </td> <td>20.84 </td> <td>21.28 </td> <td>21.95 </td> <td>22.52 </td> <td>22.84 </td> <td>23.26 </td> <td>23.71 </td> <td>34.89 </td> <td>30.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13">Source: Gazprom in figures 2004–2008, 2007–2011 and 2009–2013.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2011-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2013-63">[63]</a> 2019 <a href="#cite_note-gaz2019-72">[72]</a> 2021 <a href="#cite_note-gaz21-73">[73]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_exploration">Development and exploration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Development and exploration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shtokman_field.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Shtokman_field.gif" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Location of the Shtokman gas field</figcaption></figure> Gazprom has invested about 480 billion rubles ($20 billion) in new major projects in order to maintain supply.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-faq_decline-69">[69]</a> Nearly 37 percent of Gazprom's reserves are located in the <a href="/wiki/Yamal_Peninsula" title="Yamal Peninsula">Yamal Peninsula</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Stream_Pipeline">Blue Stream Pipeline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Blue Stream Pipeline">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Stream" title="Blue Stream">Blue Stream</a></div> One of Gazprom's major projects is the Blue Stream Pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[75]</a> The Blue Stream Pipeline delivers natural gas to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. In 1997, the Blue Stream Pipeline agreement between Turkey and Russia was signed.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2000, the first joint was welded. The pipeline has transported 16 billion cubic meters each year.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yamal_Peninsula">Yamal Peninsula</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yamal Peninsula">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yamal_project" title="Yamal project">Yamal project</a></div> Exploration of the Yamal peninsula has found reserves of over 10 trillion cubic metres of natural gas and over 500 million tons of oil and gas condensate. About 60 percent of these reserves are located in <a href="/wiki/Bovanenkovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovanenkovo">Bovanenkovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharasavey_gas_field" title="Kharasavey gas field">Kharasavey</a> and Novoportovo. The natural gas production capacity of the Bovanenkovo field was estimated to be 115 billion cubic metres per annum (4.1 trillion cubic feet per annum), with potential to increase to 140 billion cubic metres per annum (4.9 trillion cubic feet per annum).<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapolyarnoye_Field_(Novy_Urengoy).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg/220px-Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg/330px-Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg/440px-Zapolyarnoye_Field_%28Novy_Urengoy%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2315" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zapolyarnoye_gas_field" title="Zapolyarnoye gas field">Zapolyarnoye gas field</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shtokman_field">Shtokman field</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Shtokman field">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shtokman_field" title="Shtokman field">Shtokman field</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Shtokman_field" title="Shtokman field">Shtokman field</a> is one of the world's largest natural gas fields. It is located in the central part of the <a href="/wiki/Barents_Sea" title="Barents Sea">Barents Sea</a>, 650 kilometres (400 mi) northeast of the city of <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> and 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the Yamal Peninsula. The field is estimated to contain up to 3.7 trillion cubic metres (130 trillion cubic feet) of gas.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> Potential production is 71 billion cubic metres per annum (2.5 trillion cubic feet per annum) in the initial phases, with a potential increase to 95 billion cubic metres per annum (3.4 trillion cubic feet per annum).<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> Gazprom, <a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a> (France) and <a href="/wiki/Statoil" class="mw-redirect" title="Statoil">Statoil</a> (Norway) created a joint company Shtokman Development AG for development of the field.<a href="#cite_note-oilvoice2-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-upstream5-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazprom4-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khanty-Mansiysk_autonomous_area_(Arctic_shelf)">Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous area (Arctic shelf)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous area (Arctic shelf)">edit</a>]</div> On 8 April 2013, in Amsterdam, <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Miller" title="Alexey Miller">Alexey Miller</a>, chairman of the Gazprom management committee, and <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Ollila" title="Jorma Ollila">Jorma Ollila</a>, chairman of the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a>, signed in the presence of Putin and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>, prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, a memorandum outlining the principles of cooperation within hydrocarbons exploration and development in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_shelf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic shelf">Arctic shelf</a> and a section of the deep-water shelf. <a href="#cite_note-Gazprom-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration">Exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</div> In 2008, Gazprom carried out 284.9 kilometres (177.0 mi) of explorative well drilling; 124,000 kilometres (77,000 mi) of 2D <a href="/wiki/Seismology" title="Seismology">seismic</a> and 6,600 square kilometres (2,500 sq mi) of 3D seismic survey. As a result, gas reserves grew by 583.4 billion cubic metres (20.60 trillion cubic feet), and crude oil and gas condensate reserves grew by 61 million tons. Gazprom carries out prospecting and exploration in foreign countries such as <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png/400px-Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png/600px-Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="807" /></a><figcaption>Natural gas pipelines from Russia to Europe in 2009</figcaption></figure> Gazprom's Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS) includes 158,200 kilometres (98,300 mi) of gas trunklines and branches and 218 compressor stations with a 41.4 GW capacity. The UGSS is the largest gas transmission system in the world.<a href="#cite_note-faq_transmission-81">[81]</a> In 2008, the transportation system carried 714.3 billion cubic metres (25.23 trillion cubic feet) of gas.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> Gazprom has claimed the UGSS has reached its capacity.<a href="#cite_note-faq_transmission-81">[81]</a> Major transmission projects include the Nord Stream pipelines as well as pipelines inside Russia.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquefied_Natural_Gas">Liquefied Natural Gas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Liquefied Natural Gas">edit</a>]</div> In 2021 Russia had two large <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> (LNG) production plants, <a href="/wiki/Yamal_LNG" title="Yamal LNG">Yamal LNG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin-2#LNG_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin-2">Sakhalin-2 LNG</a> both of which Gazprom has an interest in. In March 2021, the Russian Government authorised a long-term programme to develop and expand the <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas_industry_in_Russia" title="Liquefied natural gas industry in Russia">liquefied natural gas industry in Russia</a> with nine more LNG plants, to address the growing global LNG market.<a href="#cite_note-hsfnotes-20210521-82">[82]</a> In August 2021 Russia's first LNG bunkering vessel, Dmitry Mendeleev, was completed for Gazprom.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-20211028-83">[83]</a> In October 2021, Gazprom and <a href="/w/index.php?title=RusGazDobycha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RusGazDobycha (page does not exist)">RusGazDobycha</a> announced they would build a new plant, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_LNG" title="Baltic LNG">Baltic LNG</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Ust-Luga" title="Ust-Luga">Ust-Luga</a>, with access to the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> for sea transportation westward. It would process <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a>-containing natural gas with a capacity of 13 million tons of LNG per year.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-20211028-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-upstreamonline-20210922-84">[84]</a> In 2024, Gazprom faced a significant shortage of LNG tankers, leading the company to use the Marshal Vasilevskiy <a href="/wiki/Floating_production_storage_and_offloading" title="Floating production storage and offloading">floating storage and regasification unit</a> (FSRU) for exporting LNG from its Portovaya facility. This shortage occurred because Gazprom's regular tankers, such as the Pskov, were involved in extended voyages to Asia, avoiding the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> due to security threats from <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Houthi attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sales">Sales</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sales">edit</a>]</div> In 2006, Gazprom sold 316 billion cubic metres (11.2 trillion cubic feet) of gas to domestic customers; 162 billion cubic metres (5.7 trillion cubic feet) to the rest of Europe; and 101 billion cubic metres (3.6 trillion cubic feet) to <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> countries and the Baltic states.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> Gazprom received about 60 percent of its revenue from its sales to European customers.<a href="#cite_note-cismitrova-86">[86]</a> In 2008, the average gas price paid by Russian industrial customers was $71/mcm, while households paid $54/mcm.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> Since 2000, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_prices" title="Natural gas prices">Natural gas prices</a> have fluctuated. In late 2007, the price of natural gas at the New York <a href="/wiki/NYMEX" class="mw-redirect" title="NYMEX">NYMEX</a> was $7.53 per <a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">million British thermal units</a> ($25.7/<a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">MWh</a>). At a conversion of 26,4 m3 per million <a href="/wiki/British_Thermal_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="British Thermal Unit">Btu</a> it would correspond to a price of $285 per 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic metres</a>. At the same time, based on their respective contracts with Gazprom, German customers paid $250 per cubic metre (m3), Polish customers $290 per m3, Ukraine customers $130 per m3 and Russian customers $49 per m3.<a href="#cite_note-Spiegel_Germany-87">[87]</a> Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and as a result of falling export revenue, the domestic market will see price rises of 34% by July 2025.<a href="#cite_note-obo21-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exports">Exports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Exports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russia in the European energy sector</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg/220px-Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg/330px-Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg/440px-Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4894" data-file-height="3372" /></a><figcaption>CEO of Gazprom <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Miller">Alexei Miller</a> and Head of the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Petroleum Company">China National Petroleum Company</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Jiping" title="Zhou Jiping">Zhou Jiping</a> signed a $400 billion gas deal for natural gas supplies via the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_Siberia" title="Power of Siberia">Eastern Route</a> between Gazprom and <a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation" title="China National Petroleum Corporation">CNPC</a>, 21 May 2014<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> pictured in background. </figcaption></figure> Gazprom delivered gas to 25 European countries. Its main export arm is Gazprom Export LLC, founded in 1973 and before 1 November 2006 known as Gazexport, which has a monopoly on gas exports to countries outside of the former Soviet Union. The majority of Russian gas in Europe is sold on 25-year contracts.<a href="#cite_note-cisstern-67">[67]</a> In late 2004, Gazprom was the sole gas supplier to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Finland, Macedonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Serbia and Slovakia. It provided 97 percent of Bulgaria's gas, 89 percent of Hungary's gas, 86 percent of Poland's gas, nearly 75 percent of the Czech Republic's, 67 percent of Turkey's, 65 percent of Austria's, about 40 percent of Romania's, 36 percent of Germany's, 27 percent of Italy's, and 25 percent of France's gas.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> By December 2010 with strong support from <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Medvedev" title="Alexander Medvedev">Alexander Medvedev</a> and Antonio Fallico, who is Russia's honorary consul in Verona, a former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian communist</a> and a close associate of both Alexey Anatolievich Matveev (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Алексей Анатольевич Матвеев; born 21 December 1963) and Vladimir Putin, Italy's gas supplied by Russia had greatly increased from 25 percent in 2004 to 70 percent.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPT12022008-96">[96]</a> In May 2006, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> received about 25 percent of its gas supply from Gazprom.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In 2006, Gazprom entered several long term gas contracts with European companies.<a href="#cite_note-Locatelli-99">[99]</a> The contract prices were mainly linked to oil prices.<a href="#cite_note-Berlingske2011-100">[100]</a> In 2014, Europe was the source of 40% of Gazprom's revenue. The proportion of Europe's gas bought in the <a href="/wiki/Spot_market" title="Spot market">spot market</a> rose from 15 percent in 2008 to 44 percent in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In September 2013, during the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> summit, Gazprom signed an agreement with <a href="/wiki/CNPC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNPC">CNPC</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hub" title="Henry Hub">Henry Hub</a> index would not be used to settle prices for their trades.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 21 May 2014, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a> met with <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and negotiated a $400bn deal between Gazprom and CNPC.<a href="#cite_note-nyt21may-103">[103]</a> Under the contract, Russia was to supply 38 billion cubic meters of gas annually over 30 years at a cost of $350 per thousand cubic meters beginning in 2018. In 2013, the average price of Gazprom's gas in Europe was about $380 per thousand cubic meters.<a href="#cite_note-nyt21may-103">[103]</a> China offered a loan of about $50bn to finance development of the gas fields and the construction of the pipeline by Russia up to the Chinese border, with the Chinese to build the remaining pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-nyt21may-103">[103]</a> In January 2023, as a result of the sanctions imposed on Russia (as a result of the invasion of Ukraine in 2022), Gazprom announced its exports of gas fell 45% from 185Bcm to 101Bcm, mainly due to the loss of the European market.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> During 2023 exports fell again, with Europe purchasing just 28Bcm, a level not seen since the 1970's.<a href="#cite_note-obo21-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Price_disputes">Price disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Price disputes">edit</a>]</div> On 1 January 2006, at 10:00 (Moscow time), during the <a href="/wiki/Russia-Ukraine_gas_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia-Ukraine gas dispute">Russia-Ukraine gas dispute</a>, Gazprom ceased the supply of gas to the Ukrainian market. Gazprom called on the government of Ukraine to increase its payment for natural gas in line with increases in global fuel prices. During the night of 3 January 2006, and early morning of 4 January 2006, <a href="/wiki/Naftogas" class="mw-redirect" title="Naftogas">Naftogas of Ukraine</a> and Gazprom negotiated a deal that temporarily<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> resolved the long-standing gas price conflict between Russia and Ukraine. On 3 April 2006, Gazprom announced it would triple the price of natural gas to Belarus after 31 December 2006. In December 2006, Gazprom threatened to cease supply of gas to Belarus at 10 am Moscow time on 1 January 2007, unless Belarus increased payments from $47 to $200 per 1,000 cubic metres or to cede control over its distribution network.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Some analysts suggested Moscow was penalising <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a>, the President of Belarus, for not delivering on pledges of <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russia_and_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Russia and Belarus">closer integration with Russia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> while others noted that other countries like Armenia were paying as much for their gas as Belarus would with the new price levels.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Gazprom later requested a price of $105,<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> yet Belarus still refused the agreement. Belarus responded that if supplies were cut, it would deny Gazprom access to its pipelines, which would impair gas transportation to Europe.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> However, on 1 January 2007, just a few hours before the deadline, Belarus and Gazprom signed a last-minute agreement. Under the agreement, Belarus undertook to pay $100 per 1,000 cubic metre in 2007. The agreement also allowed Gazprom to purchase 50 percent of the shares in <a href="/wiki/Beltransgaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltransgaz">Beltransgaz</a>, the Belarusian pipeline network.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Immediately following the signing of this agreement, Belarus declared a $42/ton transportation tax on Russian oil travelling through the Gazprom pipelines crossing its territory. On 13 March 2008, after a three-day period where gas supplies to Ukraine were halved, Gazprom agreed to supply Ukraine with gas for the rest of the year. The contract removed intermediary companies.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On 1 April 2014, Gazprom increased the gas price charged to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> from $268.50 to $385.50 (£231.00) per 1,000 cubic metres. Ukraine's unpaid gas bills to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> stood at $1.7bn (£1.02bn).<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On 30 October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> agreed to resume gas supplies to Ukraine over the winter in a deal brokered by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> Gazprom is a <a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">vertically integrated company</a>, one which owns its supply and distribution activities.<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> Gazprom owns all its main gas processing facilities in Russia. It operates Russia's high pressure gas pipelines and since 2006, it has held a legal export monopoly. Other natural gas producers, such as <a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a>, Russia's second largest gas company, are forced to use Gazprom's facilities for processing and transport of natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-cismitrova-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People-conference-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/People-conference-2016.jpg/220px-People-conference-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/People-conference-2016.jpg/330px-People-conference-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/People-conference-2016.jpg/440px-People-conference-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>19th conference of Gazprom's young scientists in <a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazprom_hq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gazprom_hq.jpg/220px-Gazprom_hq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gazprom_hq.jpg/330px-Gazprom_hq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gazprom_hq.jpg/440px-Gazprom_hq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Gazprom's former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Cheryomushki_District" title="Cheryomushki District">Cheryomushki District</a>, <a href="/wiki/South-Western_Administrative_Okrug" title="South-Western Administrative Okrug">South-Western Administrative Okrug</a>, Moscow</figcaption></figure> At the end of 2008, Gazprom had 221,300 employees in its major gas production, transportation, underground storage and processing subsidiaries. Of these employees, 9.5 percent were in management, 22.9 percent were specialists, 63.4 percent were workers and 4.2 percent were other employees.<a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> Gazprom's headquarters were in the <a href="/wiki/Cheryomushki_District" title="Cheryomushki District">Cheryomushki District</a>, <a href="/wiki/South-Western_Administrative_Okrug" title="South-Western Administrative Okrug">South-Western Administrative Okrug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> until 2021, when they moved to the <a href="/wiki/Lakhta_Centre" title="Lakhta Centre">Lakhta Centre</a> in Saint Petersburg.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Gazprom is a <a href="/wiki/National_champions" title="National champions">national champion</a>, a concept advocated by Putin, in which large companies in strategic sectors are expected not only to seek profit, but also to advance Russia's national interests. For example, Gazprom sells gas to its domestic market at a price less than that of the global market.<a href="#cite_note-marshall-18">[18]</a> In 2008, Gazprom's activities made up 10 percent of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2008-61">[61]</a> Due to its large projects, including international pipes like <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Stream">Turkish Stream</a>, Gazprom used to be a substantial source of revenue for several domestic suppliers and contractors.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shareholders">Shareholders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Shareholders">edit</a>]</div> As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit">[update]</a>, Gazprom's main shareholders were the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_State_Property_Management" title="Federal Agency for State Property Management">Federal Agency for State Property Management</a> with 38.37% and <a href="/wiki/Rosneftegaz" title="Rosneftegaz">Rosneftegaz</a> with 10.97%.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-stock-structure-10">[10]</a> Together with a 0.89 share of Rosgazifikatsiya, they guaranteed a majority control of the company by the Russian government. The rest of the shares were held by investors, including 25.20% by <a href="/wiki/American_depositary_receipt" title="American depositary receipt">ADR</a> holders on foreign stock markets, and 24.57% by other legal entities and individuals.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-stock-structure-10">[10]</a> Gazprom is listed on the stock markets of <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>. It is the top component of the <a href="/wiki/MICEX" class="mw-redirect" title="MICEX">MICEX</a> and <a href="/wiki/RTS_Index" title="RTS Index">RTS</a> indices.<a href="#cite_note-gazprom-stock-119">[119]</a> Gazprom used to be listed on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rse_Berlin" title="Börse Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_B%C3%B6rse" title="Deutsche Börse">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Exchange" title="Singapore Exchange">Singapore</a> markets before the 2022 sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gazprom%27s_subsidiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gazprom's subsidiaries">List of Gazprom's subsidiaries</a></div> Gazprom has several hundred subsidiaries in Russia and abroad which are owned and controlled directly or indirectly by the company. It has incorporated a subsidiary in the United Kingdom, named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom_International_UK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazprom International UK (page does not exist)">Gazprom International UK</a>, and the Netherlands, named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom_International_Projects_BV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazprom International Projects BV (page does not exist)">Gazprom International Projects BV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gpuk1-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Management">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller,_June_2012.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg/220px-Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg/330px-Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg/440px-Yuriy_Boyko_and_Alexey_Miller%2C_June_2012.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>Gazprom CEO <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Miller">Alexei Miller</a> with the Energy Minister of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Boyko" title="Yuriy Boyko">Yuriy Boyko</a>, June 2012</figcaption></figure> Gazprom's Board of Directors as of 9 August 2015:<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov" title="Viktor Zubkov">Viktor Zubkov</a> (Chairman, Russian Special Presidential Representative for Cooperation with Gas Exporting Countries Forum, <a href="/wiki/First_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia">First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Miller" title="Alexey Miller">Alexey Miller</a> (Deputy Chairman, Chairman of the Management Committee, CEO, Chairman of Gazprombank, former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Energy (Russia)">Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Akimov" title="Andrey Akimov">Andrey Akimov</a> (Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a>)</li> <li>Farit Gazizullin (former <a href="/wiki/Rosimushchestvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosimushchestvo">Minister of State Property of Russia</a>, former Minister of Property Relations of Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Kulibaev" class="mw-redirect" title="Timur Kulibaev">Timur Kulibaev</a> (Chairman of Legal Entities Department)</li> <li>Vitaly Markelov (Deputy Chairman of the Management Committee)</li> <li>Viktor Martynov (Rector of <a href="/wiki/Gubkin_Russian_State_University_of_Oil_and_Gas" title="Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas">Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas</a>, Professor)</li> <li>Vladimir Mau (Rector of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Presidential_Academy_of_National_Economy_and_Public_Administration" title="Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</a>)</li> <li>Valery Musin (Head of the Civil Procedure Department, Faculty of Law, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University" title="Saint Petersburg State University">Saint Petersburg State University</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Novak" title="Alexander Novak">Alexander Novak</a> (Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation)</li> <li>Mikhail Sereda (Deputy Chairman of the Management Committee, Head of the Administration of the Management Committee of Gazprom)</li></ul> Gazprom's management committee as of December 2006:<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexei Miller">Alexei Miller</a> (Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, CEO, Chairman of Gazprombank, former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Energy (Russia)">Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia</a>, member since 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ananenkov" title="Alexander Ananenkov">Alexander Ananenkov</a> (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, Gazprom shareholder, member since 17 December 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Golubev" title="Valery Golubev">Valery Golubev</a> (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Construction and Investment, former Head of the <a href="/wiki/Vasileostrovsky_District" title="Vasileostrovsky District">Vasileostrovsky District</a>, former member of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation Council of Russia">Federation Council of Russia</a>, member since 18 April 2003)</li> <li>Alexander Kozlov (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 March 2005)</li> <li>Andrey Kruglov (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Finance and Economics, member since 2002)</li> <li>Alexander Medvedev (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, former Director General of Gazprom Export, President of <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a>, member of the Coordination Committee of <a href="/wiki/RosUkrEnergo" title="RosUkrEnergo">RosUkrEnergo</a>, member since 2002)</li> <li>Mikhail Sereda (Deputy Chairman, Head of Administration, Deputy Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a>, member since 28 September 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ushakov" title="Sergei Ushakov">Sergei Ushakov</a> (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 April 2003)</li> <li>Elena Vasilyeva (Deputy Chairman, Chief Accountant, member since 2001)</li> <li>Bogdan Budzulyak (Head of the Department of Gas Transportation, Underground Storage and Utilization, member since 1989)</li> <li>Nikolai Dubik (Head of Legal Department, member since 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chuychenko" title="Konstantin Chuychenko">Konstantin Chuychenko</a> (Head of the Control Department of Russia, presidential aide to <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, former chairman of <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazprom Media">Gazprom Media</a>, executive director of <a href="/wiki/RosUkrEnergo" title="RosUkrEnergo">RosUkrEnergo</a>, former <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> officer, member since 2002)</li> <li>Viktor Ilyushin (Head of the Department of Relationships with Regional Authorities of the Russian Federation, member since 1997)</li> <li>Olga Pavlova (Head of the Department of Asset Management and Corporate Relations, member since 2004)</li> <li>Vasiliy Podyuk (Head of the Department of Gas, Gas Condensate and Oil Production, member since 1997)</li> <li>Vlada Rusakova (Head of the Department of Strategic Development, member since 5 September 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirill_Seleznev" title="Kirill Seleznev">Kirill Seleznev</a> (Head of the Department of Marketing and Processing of Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbons, member since 27 September 2002, Director-General of Mezhregiongaz)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_sponsorships">Sports sponsorships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sports sponsorships">edit</a>]</div> Gazprom is the owner and sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Premier_League" title="Russian Premier League">Russian Premier League</a> football club <a href="/wiki/FC_Zenit_Saint_Petersburg" title="FC Zenit Saint Petersburg">FC Zenit Saint Petersburg</a> and its other sporting departments (<a href="/wiki/BC_Zenit_Saint_Petersburg" title="BC Zenit Saint Petersburg">Basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/VC_Zenit_Saint_Petersburg" title="VC Zenit Saint Petersburg">volleyball</a>), as well as volleyball club <a href="/wiki/VC_Zenit-Kazan" title="VC Zenit-Kazan">VC Zenit-Kazan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Ugra_Surgut" title="Gazprom-Ugra Surgut">Gazprom-Ugra Surgut</a> at <a href="/wiki/Russian_Volleyball_Super_League" title="Russian Volleyball Super League">Russian Volleyball Super League</a>. Gazprom also owns <a href="/wiki/SKA_St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="SKA St Petersburg">SKA St Petersburg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL</a>. On 1 January 2007, Gazprom became the sponsor of the German <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> club <a href="/wiki/FC_Schalke_04" title="FC Schalke 04">FC Schalke 04</a> at a cost of up to €25 million per year. On 23 November 2009, the partnership was extended for a further five years. Schalke then suspended their sponsorship of Gazprom after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. The sponsorship was worth $150m (USD) over five years.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> On 9 July 2010, Gazprom became a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_SuperLiga" title="Serbian SuperLiga">Serbian SuperLiga</a> football club <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade" title="Red Star Belgrade">Red Star Belgrade</a>. In 2010, Gazprom was a Gold Partner of the Russian professional cycling team, <a href="/wiki/Team_Katusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Katusha">Team Katusha</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Itera" class="mw-redirect" title="Itera">Itera</a>, and Russian Technologies (Rostekhnologii). On 17 July 2012, Gazprom became the official Global Energy partner of the UEFA Champions League 2012 winners <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_F.C." title="Chelsea F.C.">Chelsea</a>. The sponsorship continued for three years to 2015.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In September 2013, Gazprom became an official partner of <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> tournaments from 2015 to 2018. The contract included the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a> in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-tass-fifa-126">[126]</a> Gazprom also was a sponsor for the defunct-<a href="/wiki/Minardi" title="Minardi">Minardi F1</a> team in 2002–2003. In April 2021, Gazprom became a sponsor of the International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA, now the <a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Association" title="International Boxing Association">International Boxing Association</a>) as "general partner". The sponsorship became controversial due to the IBA's increased Russian ties under president <a href="/wiki/Umar_Nazarovich_Kremlev" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar Nazarovich Kremlev">Umar Kremlev</a>. This partnership ended in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On 9 July 2012, Gazprom became a sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> and <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Super_Cup" title="UEFA Super Cup">UEFA Super Cup</a>. The sponsorship continued for three seasons until 2015. In 2021, the partnership was also extended until 2024. The company was also set to serve as the global partner for <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024" title="UEFA Euro 2024">2024</a>; however, due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Gazprom's sponsorship for the Champions League and Euro 2024 was voided, marking the end of their 10-year partnership with UEFA.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a>]</div> According to geographer Richard Heede,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Gazprom is second on the list of companies with the highest level of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO2 emissions</a> globally in 2013, with 1,135 million tonnes (1.117×109 long tons; 1.251×109 short tons) in 2013, amounting to almost 3.4% of worldwide anthropogenic emissions.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitical_leverage">Geopolitical leverage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Geopolitical leverage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute</a></div> Repeatedly, Gazprom has been accused of being a political and economical weapon of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, using the supply and price of natural gas to gain control over <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and most noteworthy, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> “Regardless of how the stand-off over Ukraine develops, one lesson is clear: excessive dependence on Russian energy makes Europe weak,” said <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a>, former prime minister of Poland in April 2014.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The friction resulted in two boycott campaigns in Ukraine, one that started in <a href="/wiki/Remember_about_the_Gas_%E2%80%93_Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!">2005</a>, the other in <a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">2013</a>. Russia denies weaponizing energy via Gazprom.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In December 2019, Gazprom paid $2.9 billion to Ukrainian counterpart <a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a> as ordered by a Stockholm court ruling’s award on damage claims stemming from alleged economical harassment.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine</a> Gazprom had issues with many EU countries, and stated it would cut off supplies to French energy supplier, <a href="/wiki/Engie" title="Engie">Engie</a>, over failure to pay in full for deliveries. This was disputed, with France's Energy Transition Minister Agnes Pannier-Runacher stating, "Very clearly Russia is using gas as a weapon of war and we must prepare for the worst case scenario of a complete interruption of supplies."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yukos_Oil_fraud">Yukos Oil fraud</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Yukos Oil fraud">edit</a>]</div> Yuganskneftegaz was the core production subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/Yukos" title="Yukos">Yukos Oil Company</a>, which was previously run by a Russian businessman, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovsky" title="Mikhail Khodorkovsky">Mikhail Khodorkovsky</a>. In 2003, the Russian tax authorities charged Yukos and Khodorkovsky with tax evasion. On 14 April 2004, Yukos was presented with a bill for over US$35 bn in back taxes and a demand to pay the entire bill the same day. Requests by Yukos to defer payment, allow payment by installments or to discharge the debt by sale of peripheral assets, including its shareholding in the <a href="/wiki/Sibneft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibneft">Sibneft</a> oil company, were also refused. The bailiffs froze Yukos' shares in Yuganskneftegaz and on 19 November 2004, they placed a notice in the Russian government newspaper <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_gazeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossiyskaya gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a>. Yuganskneftegaz would be sold at an auction thirty days later on 19 December 2004.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The conditions for participation in the auction included an advance deposit of US$1.7 bn and prior clearance by the Russian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Antimonopoly_Service" title="Federal Antimonopoly Service">Federal Antimonopoly Service</a>. In early December 2004, Gazprom submitted an application to participate in the auction via its wholly owned subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Gazpromneft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazpromneft">Gazpromneft</a>. On 15 December 2004, Yukos filed for bankruptcy protection in a <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> court and obtained a temporary injunction prohibiting Gazprom from participating in the auction. On 16 December 2004, a group of Western banks withdrew their financial support for Gazprom's application. On the same day, Baikalfinansgrup, a previously unknown company, applied to participate in the auction. On 19 December 2004, only two companies appeared at the auction, <a href="/wiki/Gazpromneft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazpromneft">Gazpromneft</a> and Baikalfinansgrup. <a href="/wiki/Gazpromneft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazpromneft">Gazpromneft</a> declined to place any offer. Baikalfinansgrup acquired Yuganskneftegaz on its first bid. On 23 December 2004, Baikalfinansgrup was acquired by Rosneft. Rosneft later disclosed in its annual financial statement that it had financed the acquisition of Yuganskneftegaz.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> At the time, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Bogdanchikov" title="Sergey Bogdanchikov">Sergey Bogdanchikov</a> was the president of Rosneft and the chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Gazpromneft" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazpromneft">Gazpromneft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Shortly after the auction, the planned merger between Gazprom and Rosneft was abandoned, and Bogdanchikov resigned his post as chief executive officer of Gazpromneft. On 7 February 2006, in response to a question by a Spanish journalist, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> disclosed that Rosneft had used Baikalfinansgrup as a vehicle to acquire <a href="/wiki/Yuganskneftegaz" title="Yuganskneftegaz">Yuganskneftegaz</a> in order to protect itself against litigation.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antitrust">Antitrust</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Antitrust">edit</a>]</div> On 22 April 2015, Gazprom was charged by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> with using territorial restrictions to engage in anticompetitive behavior and using its dominant position to impose unfair prices.<a href="#cite_note-:3-142">[142]</a> The company was accused of preventing competition in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-143">[143]</a> The territorial restrictions prevented the import of gas at potentially more competitive prices.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The restrictions also prevented gas from reaching areas of high demand and avoiding areas of excessive supply. Gazprom was also accused of compelling entities to consent to the now defunct <a href="/wiki/South_Stream" title="South Stream">South Stream</a> pipeline by necessitating a consent clause in long term contracts.<a href="#cite_note-:3-142">[142]</a> In 2018, Gazprom agreed to a settlement which involved dropping all contractual barriers to the free flow of gas in Central and Eastern European gas markets and to take various steps to improve economic cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-:4-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Customers would be given an explicit contractual right to trigger a price review when prices paid diverged from competitive price benchmarks, and be allowed more frequent and efficient price reviews. Gazprom agreed to not seek any damages from its <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> partners following the termination of the South Stream project. Had the case gone to court, the company could have been forced to pay fines of up to $12 billion.<a href="#cite_note-:3-142">[142]</a> In 2020, Gazprom agreed to reimburse <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland's</a> <a href="/wiki/PGNiG" class="mw-redirect" title="PGNiG">PGNiG</a> close to $1.5 billion for years of compelling it to overpay for its gas supply.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methane_leaks">Methane leaks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Methane leaks">edit</a>]</div> In June 2021, a massive <a href="/wiki/Methane_plume" class="mw-redirect" title="Methane plume">methane plume</a> over Russia resulted from the partial shutdown of a Gazprom PJSC pipeline for emergency repair. The company said the repairs, which took place on 4 June, released 2.7 million cubic meters (1,830 metric tons) of methane. That amount has roughly the same short term planet-warming impact of 40,000 internal-combustion cars in the U.S. driving for a year, according to the Environmental Defense Fund. The climate warming effect of methane is judged to be 86-times more powerful than carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nord_Stream_pipelines">Nord Stream pipelines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Nord Stream pipelines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream" title="Nord Stream">Nord Stream</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></div> Nord Stream is a system of offshore <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipelines</a> in Europe, running under the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> from Russia to Germany. The pipelines are owned and operated by subsidiaries of Gazprom. The Nord Stream projects have been fiercely opposed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, as well as by other Central and Eastern European countries, because of concerns that the pipelines would increase Russia's influence in Europe, and because of the knock-on reduction of transit fees for use of the existing pipelines in Central and Eastern European countries.<a href="#cite_note-Scholz_halts-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> suspended certification of Nord Stream 2 on 22 February 2022 because Vladimir Putin led Russia to <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">recognize</a> the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> regions of Ukraine as independent republics.<a href="#cite_note-Scholz_halts-149">[149]</a> On 2 March 2022, it was reported that Nord Stream 2 AG, a Gazprom subsidiary, had ended business operations and laid off all 106 members of its staff as a result of <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions</a>, though earlier reports that it had filed for <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> were denied.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> On 26 September 2022, a severe drop in pressure in both NS1 and NS2 was associated with a rupture in both pipes due to sabotage. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greenpeace_protest_against_Arctic_drilling">Greenpeace protest against Arctic drilling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Greenpeace protest against Arctic drilling">edit</a>]</div> Gazprom's oil drilling in the Arctic has drawn protests from environmental groups, particularly <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>. Greenpeace has opposed oil drilling in the Arctic on the grounds that oil drilling damages the Arctic ecosystem and that there are no safety plans in place to prevent oil spills.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_24_September-152">[152]</a> In August 2012, Greenpeace had staged protests against the Prirazlomnaya oil platform, the world's first offshore Arctic drill site.<a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNA_Greenpeace-154">[154]</a> On 18 September 2013, the Greenpeace vessel <a href="/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">MV Arctic Sunrise</a> staged a protest and attempted to board Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya oil platform. Greenpeace stated that the drill site could cause massive disruption to the Arctic ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> After arresting two campaigners attempting to climb the rig,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Coast Guard">Russian Coast Guard</a> seized control of the Greenpeace ship by dropping down from a helicopter and arresting thirty Greenpeace activists. Arctic Sunrise was towed by the Russian Coast Guard to <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>. The Russian government intended to charge the Greenpeace campaigners with piracy and hooliganism, which carried a maximum penalty of fifteen years imprisonment. Greenpeace argued their operatives were in international waters.<a href="#cite_note-Greenpeace-153">[153]</a> The Russian government's actions generated protests from governments and environmentalists worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_24_September-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] According to <a href="/wiki/Phil_Radford" title="Phil Radford">Phil Radford</a>, Executive Director of Greenpeace in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> at the time, the reaction of the Russian Coast Guard and the courts were the "stiffest response that Greenpeace has encountered from a government since the <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior" title="Sinking of the Rainbow Warrior">bombing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior_(1955)" title="Rainbow Warrior (1955)">Rainbow Warrior</a> in 1985."<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post-158">[158]</a> The charges of piracy were dropped in October 2013. In November 2013, 27 of the 30 activists were released on bail.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In May 2014, the first shipment of Arctic oil arrived at a refinery in the Netherlands and was purchased by the French company, <a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The episode is portrayed in the 3-hour television documentary On Thin Ice: Putin v Greenpeace.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sanctions">edit</a>]</div> Following <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia's</a> continued aggression towards <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> tightened its debt financing restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a> on 17 July 2014.<a href="#cite_note-:5-163">[163]</a> On 12 September 2014, the United States barred U.S. persons from selling goods and services to Gazprom and <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a> in connection with certain deepwater, Arctic offshore and shale projects.<a href="#cite_note-:5-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On 31 July 2014, the EU placed financial restrictions on Gazprombank.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> On 8 September 2014, the EU placed financial restrictions on Gazprom Neft.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In April 2018, the United States placed <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Miller" title="Alexey Miller">CEO Alexey Miller</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Specially_Designated_Nationals_and_Blocked_Persons_List" title="Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List">Specially Designated Nationals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> This sanction bars U.S. individuals and entities from having any dealings with him. Entities outside U.S. jurisdiction may also face punishment if the U.S. government deems they are aiding a sanctioned entity. Miller himself claimed to be proud of the sanction: “Not being included in the first list I even had some doubts – may be something is wrong (with me)? But I am finally included. This means that we are doing everything right,” Miller said through his spokesman.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In December 2019, the U.S. sanctioned firms involved in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> project.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> On 24 February 2022, upon the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the U.S. expanded penalties on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nord_Stream_2_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nord Stream 2 AG (page does not exist)">Nord Stream 2 AG</a>, a subsidiary of Gazprom, and sanctioned its CEO <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Warnig" title="Matthias Warnig">Matthias Warnig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> It also expanded debt and equity prohibitions against <a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a>, Gazprom, and <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In addition, following the invasion, in March 2022 the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> formally approved a ban on investments in the Russian energy sector, including Gazprom Neft.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The UK banned Gazprom from its debt and equity markets on 2 March 2022,<a href="#cite_note-eln1-174">[174]</a> sanctioned Gazprombank on 24 March 2022,<a href="#cite_note-rtr1-175">[175]</a> and Gazprom board members on 1 March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-gzb1-176">[176]</a> Gazprom Energy, a UK firm, stated that "supplies 20.8% of non-domestic gas volume in Great Britain. We source our gas through commodity exchanges in exactly the same way as our competitors and we do not depend on gas supplies from Russia."<a href="#cite_note-eln1-174">[174]</a> <dl><dt>Effect of sanctions</dt></dl> Due to economic sanctions, Gazprom took the unprecedented step of suspending dividends for the first time since 1998.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> On 18 July 2022, amid the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a> maintenance period, Gazprom sent a letter declaring <a href="/wiki/Force_majeure" title="Force majeure">force majeure</a>, declaring that due to extraordinary circumstances it could not guarantee a gas supply. On 26 September 2022 there was a rupture in both pipes due to sabotage. In the first half of 2022 Gazprom made high profits, roughly equalling the profit for the whole of 2021, due to high prices. In the second half of 2022 and into 2023 Gazprom probably did not make a profit at all as a result of falling exports.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Overall Gazprom made a profit of 1.226 trillion roubles ($15.77 billion) in 2022, down 40%, after an extra tax was levied in late 2022.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> On 19 December 2022 the European Energy ministers agreed on a <a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">price cap for natural Gas</a> at €180 per megawatt-hour<a href="#cite_note-Nova1912-180">[180]</a> aiming to stop Russia forcing European gas prices upwards. Exports of gas by Gazprom from Russia in 2021 was 185Bcm,<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> in 2022 it fell by 45% to 100Bcm<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> and in 2023 it fell again to 62Bcm.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_army">Private army</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Private army">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fakel_(company)" title="Fakel (company)">Fakel (company)</a></div> In February 2023 Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a> signed an order giving <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a> the right to form its own private army.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reducing_and_ceasing_supplies_to_gas_companies">Reducing and ceasing supplies to gas companies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Reducing and ceasing supplies to gas companies">edit</a>]</div> After the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the west introducing sanctions, western gas companies continued to pay, normally <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazprom Bank">Gazprom Bank</a> accounts in Euros and Dollars, which meant that the funds became blocked by sanctions. On 31 March, President Vladimir Putin signed a <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">decree</a> − <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>decree 172, requiring payment to be made by alternate means. A number of western companies refused to pay except in accordance with their contracts, accordingly Gazprom ceased supply to those companies. there had also been cases of short delivery by Gazprom. This created the <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a> Arbitration cases through the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Arbitration" title="International Court of Arbitration">International Court of Arbitration</a> have been started by a number of western companies with long term contracts, for damages due to short supply or cessation of supplies in breach of Gazprom's contractual obligations, including Germany's <a href="/wiki/Uniper" title="Uniper">Uniper</a>, who is claiming €11.6 billion compensation from Gazprom<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engie" title="Engie">Engie</a> which opened proceedings in February 2023 for short delivery,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Gazprom went to arbitration for €300m for unpaid gas from <a href="/wiki/Gasum" title="Gasum">Gasum</a> in Finland, which arbitration decided was payable, but not in rubles.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> India's <a href="/wiki/GAIL" title="GAIL">GAIL</a> is also seeking compensation through a London arbitration court over Gazprom's short delivery of LNG to India which were disrupted by sanctions against a Gazprom subsidiary in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentGas" title="CentGas">CentGas</a> consortium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazpromavia" title="Gazpromavia">Gazpromavia</a> airline</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakel_(company)" title="Fakel (company)">Fakel</a> - It is a military wing of <a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian companies">List of Russian companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enerco_Energy" title="Enerco Energy">Enerco Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhta_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhta Center">Lakhta Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obskaya%E2%80%93Bovanenkovo_Line" title="Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line">Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Triangle" title="Energy Triangle">Energy Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_production" title="List of countries by natural gas production">List of countries by natural gas production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">List of countries by natural gas exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">List of countries by natural gas proven reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_businessmen_suspicious_deaths" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian businessmen suspicious deaths">2022 Russian businessmen suspicious deaths</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-11db865b418a1900511bf9ee4996a04df68a0819-v18_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazprom.com/f/posts/45/961659/gazprom-ifrs-2020-12mnth-en.pdf">"PJSC Gazprom IFRS Consolidated Financial Statements with Independent Auditor's Report 31 December 2020"</a> (PDF). 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The Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200521183945/https://www.wsj.com/articles/gazproms-new-headquarters-towers-over-all-others-in-europe-1496765654">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2020. 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Retrieved 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Another+Private+Military+Group+Is+Being+Established+In+Russia&rft.date=2023-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fanother-private-military-group-being-established-russia-3665486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalarbitrationreview.com/article/uniper-brings-claim-against-gazprom#:~:text=Germany%27s%20Uniper%20says%20it%20has,of%20Russia%27s%20war%20in%20Ukraine.">"Uniper brings claim against Gazprom"</a>. 30 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uniper+brings+claim+against+Gazprom&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalarbitrationreview.com%2Farticle%2Funiper-brings-claim-against-gazprom%23%3A~%3Atext%3DGermany%2527s%2520Uniper%2520says%2520it%2520has%2Cof%2520Russia%2527s%2520war%2520in%2520Ukraine.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upstreamonline.com/politics/engie-launches-arbitration-action-against-gazprom-over-lack-of-gas-deliveries/2-1-1407427">"Engie launches arbitration action against Gazprom over lack of gas deliveries"</a>. 21 February 2023.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Finland%27s+Gasum+says+tribunal+ruled+it+does+not+have+to+pay+Gazprom+in+roubles&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2Ffinlands-gasum-says-tribunal-ruled-it-does-not-have-pay-gazprom-roubles-2022-11-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/gail-initiates-legal-proceedings-against-gazprom-for-non-supply-of-lng-123051900820_1.html">"Gail initiates legal proceedings against Gazprom for non-supply of LNG"</a>. 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gail+initiates+legal+proceedings+against+Gazprom+for+non-supply+of+LNG&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Fcompanies%2Fnews%2Fgail-initiates-legal-proceedings-against-gazprom-for-non-supply-of-lng-123051900820_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldmann2008" class="citation cs2">Goldmann, Marshall (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/petrostateputinp00gold">Petrostate: Putin, Power and the New Russia</a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534073-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534073-0"><bdi>978-0-19-534073-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrostate%3A+Putin%2C+Power+and+the+New+Russia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534073-0&rft.aulast=Goldmann&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpetrostateputinp00gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Gazprom in figures 2004-2008, Gazprom, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazprom+in+figures+2004-2008&rft.pub=Gazprom&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGazprom" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazprom&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gazprom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gazprom">Gazprom</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazprom.com">Official website</a></li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gazprom" title="Template:Gazprom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gazprom" title="Template talk:Gazprom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gazprom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gazprom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gazprom_subsidiaries_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gazprom</a> subsidiaries (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Gazprom_subsidiaries" title="List of Gazprom subsidiaries">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arktikgaz" title="Arktikgaz">Arktikgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosphorus_Gaz_Corporation" title="Bosphorus Gaz Corporation">Bosphorus Gaz Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Partnership" title="Central Partnership">Central Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrex_Europe_Energy_%26_Gas_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrex Europe Energy & Gas AG">Centrex Europe Energy & Gas AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazfond" title="Gazfond">Gazfond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Armenia" title="Gazprom Armenia">Gazprom Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazprom Germania">Gazprom Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neft" title="Gazprom Neft">Gazprom Neft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Neftekhim_Salavat" title="Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat">Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Promgaz" title="Gazprom Promgaz">Gazprom Promgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Space_Systems" title="Gazprom Space Systems">Gazprom Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Transgaz_Belarus" title="Gazprom Transgaz Belarus">Gazprom Transgaz Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazpromavia" title="Gazpromavia">Gazpromavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprombank" title="Gazprombank">Gazprombank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosenergo" title="Mosenergo">Mosenergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigaz" title="Nigaz">Nigaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_AG" title="Nord Stream AG">Nord Stream AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northgas" title="Northgas">Northgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGK-2" title="OGK-2">OGK-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overgas" title="Overgas">Overgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panrusg%C3%A1z" title="Panrusgáz">Panrusgáz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Gas" title="Prometheus Gas">Prometheus Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RosUkrEnergo" title="RosUkrEnergo">RosUkrEnergo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Energy" title="Sakhalin Energy">Sakhalin Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salym_Petroleum_Development" title="Salym Petroleum Development">Salym Petroleum Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Energy" title="Sibir Energy">Sibir Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroytransgaz" title="Stroytransgaz">Stroytransgaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGC-1" title="TGC-1">TGC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TyumenNIIgiprogas" title="TyumenNIIgiprogas">TyumenNIIgiprogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vemex" title="Vemex">Vemex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VNG_%E2%80%93_Verbundnetz_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="VNG – Verbundnetz Gas">VNG – Verbundnetz Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingas" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingas">Wingas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YugoRosGaz" title="YugoRosGaz">YugoRosGaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_Russia" title="Template:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Russia" title="Climate change in Russia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_security_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy security of Russia (page does not exist)">Energy security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Russia" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Energy (Russia)">Ministry of Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Russia" title="Coal in Russia">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Russia" title="Geothermal power in Russia">Geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_Russia" title="Hydroelectricity in Russia">Hydroelectric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas_industry_in_Russia" title="Liquefied natural gas industry in Russia">LNG industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia" title="Natural gas in Russia">Natural gas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum" title="Gas Exporting Countries Forum">Gas Exporting Countries Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia" title="Nuclear power in Russia">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry of Russia">Oil industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Oil reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barents_Basin" title="Barents Basin">Barents Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_of_the_Barents_Sea" title="List of oil and gas fields of the Barents Sea">Barents Sea fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_petroleum_basin" title="West Siberian petroleum basin">West Siberia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar power in Russia">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electricity generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Russia">Electric power industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Imperial_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Imperial Russia">in Imperial Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Russia" title="List of power stations in Russia">List of power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_floating_nuclear_power_station" title="Russian floating nuclear power station">Russian floating nuclear power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_stations_in_Russia_and_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal power stations in Russia and Soviet Union">Thermal power stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Electric_power_companies_of_Russia" title="Category:Electric power companies of Russia">Electric power companies of Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gazprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosatom" title="Rosatom">Rosatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneftegaz" title="Rosneftegaz">Rosneftegaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Energy" title="Sakhalin Energy">Sakhalin Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_LNG" title="Yamal LNG">Yamal LNG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_diplomacy" title="Energy diplomacy">Politics</a> and disputes (before <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia" title="Energy policy of Russia">Energy policy of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Energy policy of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Russia–Saudi Arabia relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China–Russia relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_Siberia" title="Power of Siberia">Power of Siberia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Germany–Russia relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_1" title="Nord Stream 1">Nord Stream 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">Russia in the European energy sector</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes over the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_Russia" title="Arctic policy of Russia">Arctic policy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Russian_North_Pole_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Russian North Pole expedition">2007 Russian North Pole expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf_of_Russia" title="Continental shelf of Russia">Continental shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_exploration_in_the_Arctic" title="Petroleum exploration in the Arctic">Petroleum exploration in the Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_the_Arctic" title="Territorial claims in the Arctic">Territorial claims in the Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Russia%E2%80%93Belarus_energy_dispute" title="2004 Russia–Belarus energy dispute">of 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Russia%E2%80%93Belarus_energy_dispute" title="2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute">of 2007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Russia%E2%80%93Georgia_energy_crisis" title="2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis">2006 Russia–Georgia energy crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%932006_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2005–2006 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">of 2005–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_dispute" title="2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute">of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Pact" title="Kharkiv Pact">Kharkiv Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_about_the_Gas_%E2%80%93_Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!">Remember about the Gas – Do not buy Russian goods!</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_transmission_system_of_Ukraine" title="Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine">Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Ukraine invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">sanctions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">2021–2023 global energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation_surge" title="2021–2023 inflation surge">2021–2023 inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">2022–2023 food crises</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">2024 Lukoil transit sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 oil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 oil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">gas price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">CAATSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Russia" title="Category:Energy in Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALROSA" class="mw-redirect" title="ALROSA">ALROSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Bank_of_Moscow" title="Credit Bank of Moscow">Credit Bank of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detsky_Mir" title="Detsky Mir">Detsky Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FGC_UES" title="FGC UES">FGC UES</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gazprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter_RAO" title="Inter RAO">Inter RAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSR_Group" title="LSR Group">LSR Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnit" title="Magnit">Magnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechel" title="Mechel">Mechel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk_Iron_%26_Steel_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works">MMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Exchange" title="Moscow Exchange">Moscow Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTS_(network_provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTS (network provider)">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nornickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Nornickel">Nornickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novolipetsk_Steel" title="Novolipetsk Steel">NLMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhosAgro" title="PhosAgro">PhosAgro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIK_Group" title="PIK Group">PIK Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymetal_International" title="Polymetal International">Polymetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyus_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyus Gold">Polyus Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostelecom" title="Rostelecom">Rostelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusal" title="Rusal">Rusal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RusHydro" title="RusHydro">RusHydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sberbank" title="Sberbank">Sberbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severstal" title="Severstal">Severstal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema" title="Sistema">Sistema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgutneftegas" title="Surgutneftegas">Surgutneftegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatneft" title="Tatneft">Tatneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkoff_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinkoff Bank">Tinkoff Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transneft" title="Transneft">Transneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unipro_(company)" title="Unipro (company)">Unipro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X5_Retail_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="X5 Retail Group">X5 Retail Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Valid: from July 21, 2020</li> <li>Official list: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.moex.com/en/index/IMOEX/constituents/">[4]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102673#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000105921907">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158766181">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/6030692-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2001090116">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01106527">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20090130007&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2009274048&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2009274049&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007307861805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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