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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Two_Towers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Two_Towers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 The Two Towers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Two_Towers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Return_of_the_King" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Return_of_the_King"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 The Return of the King </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Return_of_the_King-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast_and_crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast_and_crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Cast and crew </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cast_and_crew-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cast and crew subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cast_and_crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Cast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Crew </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Previous_attempts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_attempts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Previous attempts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_attempts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitch_to_Miramax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitch_to_Miramax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Pitch to Miramax </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitch_to_Miramax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Move_to_New_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_New_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Move to New Line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_New_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Music </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Music subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soundtracks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soundtracks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Soundtracks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soundtracks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_and_public_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_and_public_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Critical and public response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_and_public_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Industry response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparisons_with_the_written_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons_with_the_written_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Comparisons with the written work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons_with_the_written_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Further_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Further films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Hobbit_trilogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hobbit_trilogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 The Hobbit trilogy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Hobbit_trilogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.2 Spin-offs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spin-offs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Reunion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_on_the_film_industry_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_on_the_film_industry_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Effects on the film industry and tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_on_the_film_industry_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Legal disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Video games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sources cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The Lord of the Rings (film series)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" > 62 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="سيد الخواتم (سلسلة أفلام) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيد الخواتم (سلسلة أفلام)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilox%C3%ADa_cinematogr%C3%A1fica_de_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Triloxía cinematográfica de The Lord of the Rings – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Triloxía cinematográfica de The Lord of the Rings" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz%C3%BCkl%C9%99rin_h%C3%B6kmdar%C4%B1_(film_seriyas%C4%B1)" title="Üzüklərin hökmdarı (film seriyası) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üzüklərin hökmdarı (film seriyası)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8_(%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95)" title="দ্য লর্ড অব দ্য রিংস (চলচ্চিত্র ধারাবাহিক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য লর্ড অব দ্য রিংস (চলচ্চিত্র ধারাবাহিক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E_(%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Уладар пярсцёнкаў (кінатрылогія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уладар пярсцёнкаў (кінатрылогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Властелинът на пръстените (филмова поредица) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Властелинът на пръстените (филмова поредица)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmska_trilogija_Gospodar_prstenova" title="Filmska trilogija Gospodar prstenova – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filmska trilogija Gospodar prstenova" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Senyor_dels_Anells_(s%C3%A8rie_de_pel%C2%B7l%C3%ADcules)" title="El Senyor dels Anells (sèrie de pel·lícules) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Senyor dels Anells (sèrie de pel·lícules)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1n_prsten%C5%AF_(filmov%C3%A1_trilogie)" title="Pán prstenů (filmová trilogie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pán prstenů (filmová trilogie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringenes_Herre_(film)" title="Ringenes Herre (film) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ringenes Herre (film)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Herr_der_Ringe_(Filmtrilogie)" title="Der Herr der Ringe (Filmtrilogie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Herr der Ringe (Filmtrilogie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5rmuste_isand_(filmitriloogia)" title="Sõrmuste isand (filmitriloogia) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõrmuste isand (filmitriloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CE%86%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_(%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC_%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD)" title="Ο Άρχοντας των Δαχτυλιδιών (σειρά ταινιών) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο Άρχοντας των Δαχτυλιδιών (σειρά ταινιών)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilog%C3%ADa_cinematogr%C3%A1fica_de_El_Se%C3%B1or_de_los_Anillos" title="Trilogía cinematográfica de El Señor de los Anillos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trilogía cinematográfica de El Señor de los Anillos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mastro_de_l%27_Ringoj_(filma_serio)" title="La Mastro de l' Ringoj (filma serio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Mastro de l' Ringoj (filma serio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85)" title="ارباب حلقه‌ها (مجموعه‌فیلم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارباب حلقه‌ها (مجموعه‌فیلم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringanna_Harri_(filmstriologi)" title="Ringanna Harri (filmstriologi) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ringanna Harri (filmstriologi)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Seigneur_des_anneaux_(s%C3%A9rie_de_films)" title="Le Seigneur des anneaux (série de films) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Seigneur des anneaux (série de films)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(filmtrilogy)" title="The Lord of the Rings (filmtrilogy) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="The Lord of the Rings (filmtrilogy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%A7%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%9C%EC%99%95_(%EC%98%81%ED%99%94_%EC%8B%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%88)" title="반지의 제왕 (영화 시리즈) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반지의 제왕 (영화 시리즈)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A8_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80)" title="Մատանիների տիրակալը (ֆիլմաշար) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մատանիների տիրակալը (ֆիլմաշար)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="द लोर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स फिल्म ट्रिलॉजी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द लोर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स फिल्म ट्रिलॉजी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodar_prstenova_(filmska_trilogija)" title="Gospodar prstenova (filmska trilogija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gospodar prstenova (filmska trilogija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(seri_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (seri film) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Lord of the Rings (seri film)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_Signore_degli_Anelli_(serie_di_film)" title="Il Signore degli Anelli (serie di film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il Signore degli Anelli (serie di film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="שר הטבעות (טרילוגיית סרטים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שר הטבעות (טרילוגיית סרטים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%AD%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ბეჭდების მბრძანებელი (ფილმების სერია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეჭდების მბრძანებელი (ფილმების სერია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D3%99%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Сақиналар әміршісі (кинотрилогия) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сақиналар әміршісі (кинотрилогия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="The Lord of the Rings" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEr%C3%AA_hungil%C3%AEskan_(r%C3%AAzef%C3%AElm)" title="Mîrê hungilîskan (rêzefîlm) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mîrê hungilîskan (rêzefîlm)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(series_pellicularum)" title="The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gredzenu_pav%C4%93lnieks_(filmu_s%C4%93rija)" title="Gredzenu pavēlnieks (filmu sērija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gredzenu pavēlnieks (filmu sērija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDied%C5%B3_valdovas_(trilogija)" title="Žiedų valdovas (trilogija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žiedų valdovas (trilogija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Gy%C5%B1r%C5%B1k_Ura_(filmsorozat)" title="A Gyűrűk Ura (filmsorozat) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A Gyűrűk Ura (filmsorozat)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Господарот на прстените (филмска серија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Господарот на прстените (филмска серија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0)" title="ലോർഡ് ഓഫ് ദ റിങ്സ് (ചലച്ചിത്രപരമ്പര) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോർഡ് ഓഫ് ദ റിങ്സ് (ചലച്ചിത്രപരമ്പര)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE)" title="द लॉर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स (चित्रपट शृंखला) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द लॉर्ड ऑफ द रिंग्स (चित्रपट शृंखला)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="سيد الخواتم (سلسلة افلام) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيد الخواتم (سلسلة افلام)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(films)" title="The Lord of the Rings (films) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Lord of the Rings (films)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_(%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA)" title="ロード・オブ・ザ・リング (映画シリーズ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロード・オブ・ザ・リング (映画シリーズ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringenes_herre_(filmserie)" title="Ringenes herre (filmserie) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ringenes herre (filmserie)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzuklar_hukmdori_(film_trilogiyasi)" title="Uzuklar hukmdori (film trilogiyasi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Uzuklar hukmdori (film trilogiyasi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_(%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80)" title="ਦ ਲੌਰਡ ਔਫ਼ ਦ ਰਿੰਗਜ਼ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ ਲੜੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਲੌਰਡ ਔਫ਼ ਦ ਰਿੰਗਜ਼ (ਫ਼ਿਲਮ ਲੜੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2_(%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81)" title="دی لارڈ آف دی رنگز (فلمی سلسلہ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دی لارڈ آف دی رنگز (فلمی سلسلہ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adca_Pier%C5%9Bcieni_(trylogia_filmowa)" title="Władca Pierścieni (trylogia filmowa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władca Pierścieni (trylogia filmowa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Senhor_dos_An%C3%A9is_(s%C3%A9rie_de_filmes)" title="O Senhor dos Anéis (série de filmes) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Senhor dos Anéis (série de filmes)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%83p%C3%A2nul_Inelelor_(serie_de_filme)" title="Stăpânul Inelelor (serie de filme) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stăpânul Inelelor (serie de filme)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Властелин колец (кинотрилогия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Властелин колец (кинотрилогия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(movie_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (movie series) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Lord of the Rings (movie series)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1n_prste%C5%88ov_(filmov%C3%A1_tril%C3%B3gia)" title="Pán prsteňov (filmová trilógia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pán prsteňov (filmová trilógia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodar_prstanov_(filmska_trilogija)" title="Gospodar prstanov (filmska trilogija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gospodar prstanov (filmska trilogija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Господар прстенова (филмски серијал) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Господар прстенова (филмски серијал)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taru_sormusten_herrasta_(elokuvatrilogia)" title="Taru sormusten herrasta (elokuvatrilogia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taru sormusten herrasta (elokuvatrilogia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2001–2003 films by Peter Jackson</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Lord of the Rings</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tloftr-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tloftr-logo.svg/220px-Tloftr-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tloftr-logo.svg/330px-Tloftr-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tloftr-logo.svg/440px-Tloftr-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="156" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a></li> <li>Peter Jackson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sinclair" title="Stephen Sinclair">Stephen Sinclair</a><a href="#endnote_NoteTT">TT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a> by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a></li> <li>Peter Jackson</li> <li>Fran Walsh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Sanders_(filmmaker)" title="Tim Sanders (filmmaker)">Tim Sanders</a><a href="#endnote_NoteFOTR">FOTR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Wood" title="Elijah Wood">Elijah Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Astin" title="Sean Astin">Sean Astin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Tyler" title="Liv Tyler">Liv Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hill" title="Bernard Hill">Bernard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Boyd_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Boyd (actor)">Billy Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Monaghan" title="Dominic Monaghan">Dominic Monaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Weaving" title="Hugo Weaving">Hugo Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lesnie" title="Andrew Lesnie">Andrew Lesnie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(film_editor)" title="John Gilbert (film editor)">John Gilbert</a><a href="#endnote_NoteFOTR">FOTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Horton" title="Michael J. Horton">Michael Horton</a><a href="#endnote_NoteTT">TT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Selkirk" title="Jamie Selkirk">Jamie Selkirk</a><a href="#endnote_NoteROTK">ROTK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data">New Line Cinema</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2001–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Total (3 films): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>558 minutes (theatrical)</li> <li>683 minutes (extended)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>New Zealand</li> <li>United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">Total (3 films): $281 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">Total (3 films): $2.964 billion</td></tr></tbody></table> The Lord of the Rings is a trilogy of <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">fantasy</a> <a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">adventure films</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>, based on the novel <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a> by English author <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>. The films are titled identically to the three volumes of the novel: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> (2002), and <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> (2003). Produced and distributed by <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> with the co-production of Jackson's <a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a>, the films feature an <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> including <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Wood" title="Elijah Wood">Elijah Wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liv_Tyler" title="Liv Tyler">Liv Tyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Astin" title="Sean Astin">Sean Astin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Boyd_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Boyd (actor)">Billy Boyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Monaghan" title="Dominic Monaghan">Dominic Monaghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Weaving" title="Hugo Weaving">Hugo Weaving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a>. Set in the fictional world of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>, the films follow the <a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">hobbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo Baggins</a> as he and the <a href="/wiki/The_Company_of_the_Ring#Members" class="mw-redirect" title="The Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a> embark on a quest to destroy the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> to defeat its maker, the Dark Lord <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a>. The Company eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest with his loyal companion <a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a> and, eventually, the treacherous <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a>, heir in exile to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">elf</a> <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">dwarf</a> <a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Merry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Pippin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">wizard</a> <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a>, unite to save the <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples#Free_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Free Peoples of Middle-earth</a> from the forces of Sauron and rally them in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Ring">War of the Ring</a> to aid Frodo by distracting Sauron's attention. The three films were <a href="/wiki/Back-to-back_film_production" title="Back-to-back film production">shot simultaneously</a> in Jackson's native New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Filming" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">from 11 October 1999 until 22 December 2000</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick-up shot">pick-up shots</a> from 2001 to 2003. It was one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_films" title="List of most expensive films">biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken</a>, with a budget of $281 million (equivalent to $530 million in 2024). The first film in the series premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Leicester_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Odeon Leicester Square">Odeon Leicester Square</a> in London on 10 December 2001; the second film premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1969)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1969)">Ziegfeld Theatre</a> in New York City on 5 December 2002; the third film premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre,_Wellington" title="Embassy Theatre, Wellington">Embassy Theatre</a> in Wellington on 1 December 2003. An <a href="/wiki/Director%27s_cut#Extended_cuts_and_special_editions" title="Director's cut">extended edition</a> of each film was released on home video a year after its release in cinemas. The Lord of the Rings is widely regarded as one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest and most influential film series ever made</a>. It was a major financial success and is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films#Highest-grossing_franchises_and_film_series" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing film series of all time</a>, having grossed over $2.9 billion worldwide. Their faithfulness to the source material was a subject of discussion. The series received <a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series">numerous accolades</a>, winning 17 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> out of 30 total nominations, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> for The Return of the King. In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> selected The Fellowship of the Ring for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Films">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Fellowship of the Ring">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></div> In the Second Age of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>, the lords of <a href="/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Elves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf (Middle-earth)">Dwarves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Man_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man (Middle-earth)">Men</a> are given <a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a>. Unbeknownst to them, the <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Dark Lord Sauron</a> forges the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Doom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Doom">Mount Doom</a>, instilling into it a great part of his power to dominate the other Rings and conquer Middle-earth. A final alliance of Men and Elves battles Sauron's forces in <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> severs Sauron's finger and the Ring with it, thereby vanquishing Sauron and returning him to spirit form. With Sauron's first defeat, the Third Age of Middle-earth begins. The Ring's influence corrupts Isildur, who takes it for himself and is later killed by <a href="/wiki/Orc_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orc (Middle-earth)">Orcs</a>. The Ring is lost in a river for 2,500 years until it is found by <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>, who owns it for over four and a half centuries. The Ring abandons Gollum and is subsequently found by a <a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">hobbit</a> named <a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo Baggins</a>, who is unaware of its history. Sixty years later, Bilbo celebrates his 111th birthday in the <a href="/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire (Middle-earth)">Shire</a>, reuniting with his old friend, the wizard <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf the Grey</a>. Bilbo departs the Shire for one last adventure and leaves his inheritance, including the Ring, to his nephew <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a>. Gandalf investigates the Ring, discovers its true nature, and learns that Gollum was captured and tortured by Sauron's Orcs, revealing two words during his interrogation: "Shire" and "Baggins". Gandalf returns and warns Frodo to leave the Shire. As Frodo departs with his friend, gardener <a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Samwise Gamgee</a>, Gandalf rides to <a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a> to meet with the wizard <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> but discovers his betrayal and alliance with Sauron, who has dispatched his nine undead <a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> servants to find Frodo. Frodo and Sam are joined by fellow hobbits <a href="/wiki/Meriadoc_Brandybuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Meriadoc Brandybuck">Merry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peregrin_Took" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrin Took">Pippin</a>, and they evade the Nazgûl before arriving in <a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a>, where they are meant to meet Gandalf. However, Gandalf never arrives, having been taken prisoner by Saruman. The hobbits are then aided by a Ranger named <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Strider</a>, who promises to escort them to <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>; however, they are ambushed by the Nazgûl on <a href="/wiki/Weathertop" class="mw-redirect" title="Weathertop">Weathertop</a>, and their leader, the <a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-King</a>, stabs Frodo with a <a href="/wiki/Morgul_blade" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgul blade">Morgul blade</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a>, an Elf and Strider's beloved, locates Strider and rescues Frodo, taking him to Rivendell where he is healed by the Elves and reunited with Gandalf, who escaped Isengard on a <a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Great Eagle</a>. That night, Strider reunites with Arwen, and they affirm their love for each other. Learning of Saruman's betrayal from Gandalf and now realising that they are facing threats from both Sauron and Saruman, Arwen's father <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Lord Elrond</a> holds a council of Elves, Men, and Dwarves, also attended by Frodo and Gandalf, that decides the Ring must be destroyed in the fires of Mount Doom. Frodo volunteers to take the Ring, accompanied by Gandalf, Sam, Merry, Pippin, the Elf <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a>, the Dwarf <a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a> of Gondor, and Strider—who is actually Aragorn, Isildur's heir and the rightful King of Gondor. Bilbo, now living in Rivendell, gives Frodo his sword Sting, and a chainmail shirt made of <a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">mithril</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship of the Ring">Fellowship of the Ring</a> makes for the Gap of Rohan, but a storm summoned by Saruman forces them to travel through the Mines of <a href="/wiki/Moria_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moria (Middle-earth)">Moria</a>. During the journey, Gandalf informs Frodo that Gollum, released from Sauron's fortress of Barad-dûr, is following them, seeking to reclaim the ring. After finding the Dwarves of Moria dead, the Fellowship is attacked by Orcs and a cave <a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">troll</a>. They hold them off but are confronted by <a href="/wiki/Balrog#Durin's_Bane" title="Balrog">Durin's Bane</a>: a Balrog residing within the mines. While the others escape, Gandalf fends off the Balrog and casts it into a vast chasm, but the Balrog drags Gandalf down into the darkness with him. The devastated Fellowship reaches <a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a>, ruled by the Elf-queen <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a>, who informs Frodo that only he can complete the quest and that one of the Fellowship will try to take the Ring. She also shows him a vision of the future in which Sauron succeeds in enslaving Middle-earth, including the Shire. Meanwhile, Saruman creates an army of <a href="/wiki/Uruk-hai" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruk-hai">Uruk-hai</a> in Isengard to find and destroy the Fellowship. The Fellowship travels by river to <a href="/wiki/Parth_Galen" class="mw-redirect" title="Parth Galen">Parth Galen</a>. Frodo wanders off and is confronted by Boromir, who, as Lady Galadriel had warned, tries to take the Ring. Uruk-hai scouts then ambush the Fellowship. Boromir breaks free of the Ring's power and protects Merry and Pippin, but the Uruk-Hai leader, Lurtz, mortally wounds Boromir as they abduct the Hobbits. Aragorn arrives and kills Lurtz before comforting Boromir as he dies, promising to help the people of Gondor in the coming conflict. Fearing the Ring will corrupt his friends, Frodo decides to travel to Mordor alone, but allows Sam to come along, recalling his promise to Gandalf to look after him. As Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli set out to rescue Merry and Pippin, Frodo and Sam make their way down the pass of <a href="/wiki/Emyn_Muil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emyn Muil">Emyn Muil</a>, journeying on to Mordor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Two_Towers">The Two Towers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Two Towers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a></div> Awakening from a dream of <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a> fighting the <a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrog</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moria_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moria (Middle-earth)">Moria</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo Baggins</a> finds himself, along with <a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Samwise Gamgee</a>, lost in the <a href="/wiki/Emyn_Muil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emyn Muil">Emyn Muil</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>. They discover that they are being tracked by <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>, a former bearer of the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a>. Capturing Gollum, Frodo takes pity and allows him to guide them, reminding Sam that they need Gollum's help to infiltrate Mordor. <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a> pursue a band of <a href="/wiki/Uruk-hai" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruk-hai">Uruk-hai</a> to save their companions, <a href="/wiki/Meriadoc_Brandybuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Meriadoc Brandybuck">Merry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peregrin_Took" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrin Took">Pippin</a>, entering the kingdom of Rohan. The Uruk-hai are ambushed by a group of <a href="/wiki/Rohan_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohan (Middle-earth)">Rohirrim</a>, allowing Merry and Pippin to escape into <a href="/wiki/Fangorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangorn">Fangorn</a> Forest. Meeting Aragorn's group, the Rohirrim's leader <a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a> explains that he and his men have been exiled by Rohan's king, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a>, who is under the control of <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> and his servant <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Gríma Wormtongue</a>. Éomer believes Merry and Pippin were killed during the raid but leaves the group with two horses. In Fangorn, Aragorn's group encounters Gandalf, who, after dying in battle fighting the Balrog, was resurrected as Gandalf the White to help save <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>. Gandalf leads the trio to Rohan's capital, <a href="/wiki/Edoras" class="mw-redirect" title="Edoras">Edoras</a>, where Gandalf frees Théoden from Saruman's control. Aragorn stops Théoden from executing Wormtongue, who flees. Learning of Saruman's plans to destroy Rohan with his Uruk-hai army, Théoden evacuates his citizens to <a href="/wiki/Helm%27s_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a>. Gandalf departs to find Éomer and his followers, hoping they will fight for their restored king. Aragorn befriends Théoden's niece, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a>, who becomes infatuated with him. When the refugees travelling to Helm's Deep are attacked by Saruman's <a href="/wiki/Warg_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warg (Middle-earth)">Warg</a>-riding Orcs, Aragorn falls from a cliff and is presumed dead. He is found by Théodred's horse Brego and rides to Helm's Deep, witnessing Saruman's army marching toward the fortress. In <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a> is told by her father <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> that Aragorn will not return. He reminds her that if she remains in Middle-earth, she will outlive Aragorn by thousands of years, and she reluctantly departs for <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a>. Elrond is contacted by <a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a>, who convinces him that the Elves should honour their alliance to men, and they dispatch a company of Elves to Helm's Deep. In Fangorn, Merry and Pippin meet <a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ent</a>. Convincing Treebeard that they are allies, they are brought to an Ent Council, where the Ents decide not to take part in the coming war. Pippin asks Treebeard to take them in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a>, where they witness the deforestation caused by Saruman's war effort. Enraged, Treebeard and the Ents storm Isengard, trapping Saruman in his tower. Aragorn arrives at Helm's Deep, warning Théoden of Saruman's army approaching. Théoden prepares for battle despite being vastly outnumbered. A company of <a href="/wiki/Lothlorien" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothlorien">Lothlorien</a> Elves arrives to aid the people of Rohan, shortly before Saruman's army attacks the fortress. The Uruk-hai breach the outer wall with <a href="/wiki/Explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosives">explosives</a> and during the ensuing charge, killing the Elves' commander, Haldir. The defenders retreat into the keep, where Aragorn convinces Théoden to meet the Uruk-hai in one last charge. At dawn, as the defenders are overwhelmed, Gandalf and Éomer arrive with the Rohirrim, turning the tide of the battle. The surviving Uruk-hai flee into Fangorn Forest and are killed by the Ents. Gandalf warns that <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a> will retaliate. Gollum leads Frodo and Sam to the <a href="/wiki/Minor_places_in_Middle-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor places in Middle-earth">Black Gate</a>, but recommends they enter Mordor by another route. Frodo and Sam are captured by Rangers led by <a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a>, younger brother of the late <a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a>. Frodo helps Faramir catch Gollum to save him from being killed by the Rangers. Learning of the One Ring, Faramir takes his captives to <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> to bring the Ring to his father <a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a>. Passing through the besieged city of Osgiliath, Sam explains to Faramir that Boromir was driven mad by its power. A <a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> nearly captures Frodo, but Sam saves him and reminds Frodo that they are fighting for the good still left in Middle-earth. Impressed by Frodo's resolve, Faramir releases them. Feeling betrayed by his capture, Gollum decides he will reclaim the Ring by leading Frodo and Sam to <a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a> upon arriving at <a href="/wiki/Cirith_Ungol" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirith Ungol">Cirith Ungol</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Return_of_the_King">The Return of the King</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Return of the King">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">hobbit</a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9agol" class="mw-redirect" title="Déagol">Déagol</a> discovers the <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> in a river while fishing with his cousin <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Sméagol</a>. The Ring immediately ensnares Sméagol's mind, and he kills his cousin for it. Increasingly corrupted physically and mentally, he retreats into the <a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Misty Mountains">Misty Mountains</a> and becomes known as Gollum. Centuries later, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Ring">War of the Ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a> leads <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a>, and King <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rohan_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohan (Middle-earth)">Rohan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a>, where they reunite with <a href="/wiki/Meriadoc_Brandybuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Meriadoc Brandybuck">Merry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peregrin_Took" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrin Took">Pippin</a>. Gandalf retrieves <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">palantír</a>, and the group returns to <a href="/wiki/Edoras" class="mw-redirect" title="Edoras">Edoras</a> to celebrate <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helm%27s_Deep" title="Battle of Helm's Deep">their victory at Helm's Deep</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a> Pippin looks into the palantír, seeing <a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="White Tree">a burning tree</a>. Gandalf deduces that the enemy plans to attack <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a>'s capital <a href="/wiki/Minas_Tirith" title="Minas Tirith">Minas Tirith</a>; he rides there with Pippin to warn Gondor's corrupt steward <a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a>. On Gandalf's instruction, Pippin triggers the lighting of <a href="/wiki/Warning_beacons_of_Gondor" class="mw-redirect" title="Warning beacons of Gondor">the beacons</a>, which call for help from Rohan. <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a>, who carries the Ring, and <a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a> continue their journey towards <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>, unaware that Gollum, now their guide, plans to betray them and take the Ring for himself. The trio witness the <a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a>, lord of the nine <a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a>, setting off towards <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> with his army of <a href="/wiki/Orc_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orc (Middle-earth)">Orcs</a>. Gollum frames Sam for eating food supplies and desiring the Ring; Frodo is deceived and orders Sam to go home. As King Théoden gathers his army, <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> tells Aragorn that <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a> is dying, having refused to leave <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>. Elrond gives Aragorn <a href="/wiki/And%C3%BAril" class="mw-redirect" title="Andúril">Andúril</a>, reforged from the shards of King <a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a>'s sword <a href="/wiki/Narsil" class="mw-redirect" title="Narsil">Narsil</a>, and urges him to claim Gondor's throne, to which he is heir. Aragorn travels the <a href="/wiki/Paths_of_the_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Paths of the Dead">Paths of the Dead</a> with Legolas and Gimli and pledges to release the ghosts there from their curse should they come to Gondor's aid. Gollum tricks Frodo into venturing alone into the giant spider <a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a>'s lair. Frodo narrowly escapes and confronts Gollum, who falls down a chasm after a scuffle. Shelob discovers, paralyses, and binds Frodo, but is wounded and driven away by a returning Sam. Sam mourns Frodo's apparent death and takes the Ring to finish the quest himself, but then realizes his mistake when Orcs take Frodo captive. He manages to rescues Frodo within Mordor and the two continue towards <a href="/wiki/Mount_Doom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Doom">Mount Doom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a> sends his younger son, <a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a>, on a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide charge">suicide charge</a>. Faramir returns gravely wounded; believing him dead, Denethor falls into madness. Gandalf marshals the defenders, but the enormous <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orc</a> army breaks into the city. Denethor attempts to <a href="/wiki/Burning_alive" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning alive">burn himself</a> and Faramir on a <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a>, but Pippin alerts Gandalf and they rescue Faramir. Denethor, set ablaze, jumps to his death. Théoden arrives and leads his army against the Orcs. Despite initial success in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">ensuing battle</a>, they are decimated by the <a href="/wiki/Oliphaunt" title="Oliphaunt">Oliphaunt</a>-riding <a href="/wiki/Haradrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Haradrim">Haradrim</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a> mortally wounds Théoden; however, his niece <a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a> slays the Witch-king with Merry's help before Théoden dies in his niece's arms. Aragorn arrives with his Army of the Dead, who overcome Sauron's forces. Their oath fulfilled, the Dead are released from their curse. Aragorn decides to march on Mordor to distract Sauron from Frodo and Sam's journey to Mount Doom; all of Sauron's remaining forces march <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Morannon" title="Battle of the Morannon">to meet Aragorn's diversion</a>, allowing the hobbits to reach <a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mount Doom</a>. Gollum, having survived his fall, attacks, but Sam holds him back while Frodo enters the mountain. There, he finally succumbs to the Ring's power, putting it on his finger. Gollum bites Frodo's finger off and reclaims the Ring, leading to a scuffle before they stumble off the ledge. Frodo clings to the ledge and Sam pulls him up while Gollum falls into the lava with the Ring, destroying it and vanquishing Sauron once and for all. The lands of Mordor collapse into the earth, destroying the Orc army. Frodo and Sam narrowly escape the erupting Mount Doom and are saved by Gandalf with the help of <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Middle-earth)">eagles</a>. The surviving Fellowship is happily reunited in <a href="/wiki/Minas_Tirith" title="Minas Tirith">Minas Tirith</a>. Aragorn is crowned King of Gondor and marries Arwen; they and everyone else present bow to the hobbits. The hobbits return home to the <a href="/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire (Middle-earth)">Shire</a>, where Sam marries <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosie Cotton">Rosie Cotton</a>. Four years later, Frodo, still plagued by <a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">trauma</a> and the pain of his wound inflicted by the Witch-king,<a href="#cite_note-4">[c]</a> departs Middle-earth for the <a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Undying Lands</a> with his uncle <a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a>, Gandalf, and the <a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a>. He leaves Sam the <a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Red Book of Westmarch</a>, which details their adventures. Sam returns home saddened by the departure of his friend, and is comforted by his wife and children. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast_and_crew">Cast and crew</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cast and crew">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> <div style="float:right;clear:right"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Karl_Urban_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/96px-Karl_Urban_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Karl_Urban_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/128px-Karl_Urban_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="2944" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:63px;max-width:63px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:MJK_08925_Hugo_Weaving_(Berlinale_2018)_bw43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MJK_08925_Hugo_Weaving_%28Berlinale_2018%29_bw43.jpg/61px-MJK_08925_Hugo_Weaving_%28Berlinale_2018%29_bw43.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MJK_08925_Hugo_Weaving_%28Berlinale_2018%29_bw43.jpg/92px-MJK_08925_Hugo_Weaving_%28Berlinale_2018%29_bw43.jpg 1.5x, 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data-file-width="1991" data-file-height="2754" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The trilogy is notable for featuring an extensive cast including (alphabetically from left to right): Sean Astin, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Billy Boyd, Christopher Lee, Viggo Mortensen, Ian McKellen, Dominic Monaghan, John Rhys-Davies, Andy Serkis, Liv Tyler, Karl Urban, Hugo Weaving, and Elijah Wood.</div></div></div></div> </div> Jackson began abstract discussions on casting during the development of the scripts with Miramax.<a href="#cite_note-Fleming-2017-5">[2]</a> Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens compiled a casting wishlist, which included <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> for Galadriel and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> for Bilbo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018270-6">[3]</a> Wondering whether <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> would be right for the part of Gandalf, Philippa Boyens drew a tape of him performing opposite Ian McKellen, only to suggest the latter to Jackson.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018303–309-7">[4]</a> McKellen became Jackson's first choice for Gandalf.<a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> sent Jackson a photograph of himself in a wizard's costume, wanting to play Gandalf,<a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a> but Jackson decided Lee would instead be better as Saruman. Miramax wanted a recognisable name for Gandalf and suggested <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Sydow" title="Max von Sydow">Max von Sydow</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> and, wanting an American star, even mentioned <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fleming-2017-5">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a> When New Line took over, they suggested <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> for the part (both declined).<a href="#cite_note-Nathan-2018a-11">[8]</a> When von Sydow inquired for the part later, his agent told him they were looking for an English actor.<a href="#cite_note-12">[9]</a> While casting, Jackson looked for backup options for the various parts, including <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Lawless" title="Lucy Lawless">Lucy Lawless</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> for Galadriel; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_McCoy" title="Sylvester McCoy">Sylvester McCoy</a> (eventually cast as <a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit</a> trilogy) for Bilbo; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell" title="Malcolm McDowell">Malcolm McDowell</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tim_Curry" title="Tim Curry">Tim Curry</a> for Saruman.<a href="#cite_note-Crawleys-1999-13">[10]</a> For Gandalf, they looked into <a href="/wiki/Tom_Baker" title="Tom Baker">Tom Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Neill" title="Sam Neill">Sam Neill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hill" title="Bernard Hill">Bernard Hill</a> (who was instead cast as Théoden),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018303–309-7">[4]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> and into several older actors who auditioned for other parts, such as <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGoohan" title="Patrick McGoohan">Patrick McGoohan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>. Miramax and Jackson discussed <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis" title="Daniel Day-Lewis">Daniel Day-Lewis</a> for Aragorn, starting "fanciful internet speculation"<a href="#cite_note-Nathan-2018a-11">[8]</a> that Day-Lewis was approached for the part numerous times, although Jackson eventually inquired about him. Jackson cast <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Townsend" title="Stuart Townsend">Stuart Townsend</a>, whom the studio deemed too young. After shooting began, Jackson agreed and decided to recast the role. They approached <a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a>, but also spoke to <a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (who auditioned for Boromir previously), as a backup choice.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGoohan" title="Patrick McGoohan">Patrick McGoohan</a>, their first choice for Denethor, proved "quite grumpy"<a href="#cite_note-Nathan-2018-16">[13]</a> when they met, and they instead looked into <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a>, and ultimately cast <a href="/wiki/John_Noble" title="John Noble">John Noble</a>. Davies was recast as Gimli, instead of <a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> (later cast as <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Hobbit_characters#Dwarves" title="List of The Hobbit characters">Dáin</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trebor" title="Robert Trebor">Robert Trebor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a>. In conversations with Miramax, <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>'s name came up<a href="#cite_note-Fleming-2017-5">[2]</a> for Boromir, but he declined. New Line suggested <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a>, but the filmmakers declined<a href="#cite_note-Nathan-2018a-11">[8]</a> and cast <a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cast">Cast</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> The following are the cast members who voiced or portrayed characters appearing in the extended version of the films.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Character </th> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> </th> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> </th> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">The Fellowship </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo Baggins</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Wood" title="Elijah Wood">Elijah Wood</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Bean" title="Sean Bean">Sean Bean</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Monaghan" title="Dominic Monaghan">Dominic Monaghan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Samwise Gamgee</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Astin" title="Sean Astin">Sean Astin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Peregrin "Pippin" Took</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Boyd" title="Billy Boyd">Billy Boyd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">The Shire and Bree </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo Baggins</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Ian Holm </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mrs. Bracegirdle </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lori_Dungey" title="Lori Dungey">Lori Dungey</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Barliman_Butterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Barliman Butterbur">Barliman Butterbur</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Weatherley_(actor)" title="David Weatherley (actor)">David Weatherley</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rosie Cotton </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLeod" title="Sarah McLeod">Sarah McLeod</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Sarah McLeod </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gaffer Gamgee </th> <td>Norman Forsey </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Norman Forsey </td></tr> <tr> <th>Elanor Gamgee </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Alexandra Astin </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bree Gate-Keeper </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Sanderson" title="Martyn Sanderson">Martyn Sanderson</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Farmer_Maggot" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer Maggot">Farmer Maggot</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Rhodes" title="Cameron Rhodes">Cameron Rhodes</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Old Noakes </th> <td>Bill Johnson </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Everard Proudfoot </th> <td>Noel Appleby </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Noel Appleby </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mrs. Proudfoot </th> <td>Megan Edwards </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Otho Sackville </th> <td>Peter Corrigan </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Lobelia Sackville-Baggins </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Moody_(actress)" title="Elizabeth Moody (actress)">Elizabeth Moody</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ted Sandyman </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Sergent" title="Brian Sergent">Brian Sergent</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">Rivendell and Lothlórien </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Liv_Tyler" title="Liv Tyler">Liv Tyler</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Celeborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Celeborn">Celeborn</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marton_Csokas" title="Marton Csokas">Marton Csokas</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Marton Csokas </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Weaving" title="Hugo Weaving">Hugo Weaving</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Figwit" title="Figwit">Figwit</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bret_McKenzie" title="Bret McKenzie">Bret McKenzie</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Bret McKenzie </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Haldir </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Parker" title="Craig Parker">Craig Parker</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rúmil </th> <td>Jørn Benzon </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">Isengard and Mordor </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum / Sméagol</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gorbag </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Stephen Ure </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Gothmog</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Makoare" title="Lawrence Makoare">Lawrence Makoare</a><hr />Craig Parker<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Gríma Wormtongue</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Dourif" title="Brad Dourif">Brad Dourif</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Grishnákh </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Stephen Ure </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Lurtz" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Lurtz</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Makoare" title="Lawrence Makoare">Lawrence Makoare</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mauhúr </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Magasiva" title="Robbie Magasiva">Robbie Magasiva</a><hr />Andy Serkis<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mouth_of_Sauron" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouth of Sauron">Mouth of Sauron</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Spence" title="Bruce Spence">Bruce Spence</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">The One Ring</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a><a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Alan Howard<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sala_Baker" title="Sala Baker">Sala Baker</a><hr />Alan Howard<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Sala Baker<hr />Alan Howard<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Shagrat </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Peter Tait </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Sharku" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Sharku</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jed_Brophy" title="Jed Brophy">Jed Brophy</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Snaga </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Jed Brophy<hr />Andy Serkis<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uglúk </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lees" title="Nathaniel Lees">Nathaniel Lees</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a> </th> <td>Brent McIntyre<hr />Andy Serkis<a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Lawrence Makoare </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">Rohan and Gondor </th></tr> <tr> <th>Damrod </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Browning" title="Alistair Browning">Alistair Browning</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Noble" title="John Noble">John Noble</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Urban" title="Karl Urban">Karl Urban</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Éothain_and_Freda" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Éothain</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Sam Comery </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Otto" title="Miranda Otto">Miranda Otto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/David_Wenham" title="David Wenham">David Wenham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Éothain_and_Freda" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Freda</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Tennet" title="Olivia Tennet">Olivia Tennet</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gamling </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hopkins_(actor)" title="Bruce Hopkins (actor)">Bruce Hopkins</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Grimbold </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Bruce Phillips </td></tr> <tr> <th>Háma </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Leigh_(actor)" title="John Leigh (actor)">John Leigh</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Haleth" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Haleth</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Calum Gittins </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Irolas" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Irolas</a> </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Ian Hughes </td></tr> <tr> <th>King of the Dead </th> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Paul Norell </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Madril" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Madril</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Bach" title="John Bach">John Bach</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series#Morwen" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Morwen</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Malcolm" title="Robyn Malcolm">Robyn Malcolm</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Hill" title="Bernard Hill">Bernard Hill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Théodred </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Paris Howe Strewe </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Rhys-Davies" title="John Rhys-Davies">John Rhys-Davies</a><a href="#endnote_voice">V</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:lightblue;">Historical figures </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gollum#Sméagol_and_Déagol" title="Gollum">Déagol</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robins_(actor)" title="Thomas Robins (actor)">Thomas Robins</a> (hand only) </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Thomas Robins </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_McKenzie_(actor)" title="Peter McKenzie (actor)">Peter McKenzie</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ferguson" title="Mark Ferguson">Mark Ferguson</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Sinclair" title="Harry Sinclair">Harry Sinclair</a> </td> <td style="background: #CCC; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: capitalize;" class="table-cast"> </td> <td>Harry Sinclair </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew">Crew</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crew">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Crew </th></tr> <tr style="height: 50px;"> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> </th> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> </th> <th style="width:23%;"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Director </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Producers </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a>, Peter Jackson, <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Sanders_(filmmaker)" title="Tim Sanders (filmmaker)">Tim Sanders</a><a href="#endnote_NoteFOTR">FOTR</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Screenwriters </th> <td colspan="3">Fran Walsh, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a>, Peter Jackson, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sinclair" title="Stephen Sinclair">Stephen Sinclair</a><a href="#endnote_NoteTT">TT</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Composer </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Cinematographer </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lesnie" title="Andrew Lesnie">Andrew Lesnie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Editors </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(film_editor)" title="John Gilbert (film editor)">John Gilbert</a><a href="#endnote_NoteFOTR">FOTR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Horton" title="Michael J. Horton">Michael Horton</a><a href="#endnote_NoteTT">TT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Selkirk" title="Jamie Selkirk">Jamie Selkirk</a><a href="#endnote_NoteROTK">ROTK</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Production designers </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Hennah" title="Dan Hennah">Dan Hennah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grant_Major" title="Grant Major">Grant Major</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Conceptual designers </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Costume designers </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ngila_Dickson" title="Ngila Dickson">Ngila Dickson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Visual effects supervisor </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Production companies </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a> and <a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Distributing company </th> <td colspan="3">New Line Cinema </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dd> FOTR indicates he only worked on The Fellowship of the Ring.</dd> <dd> TT indicates he only worked on The Two Towers.</dd> <dd> ROTK indicates he is only credited as editor on The Return of the King.</dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Middle-earth in motion pictures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Jackson01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Peter_Jackson01.jpg/170px-Peter_Jackson01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Peter_Jackson01.jpg/255px-Peter_Jackson01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Peter_Jackson01.jpg/340px-Peter_Jackson01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> at the premiere of <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> on 1 December 2003 at the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre,_Wellington" title="Embassy Theatre, Wellington">Embassy Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_attempts">Previous attempts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Previous attempts">edit</a>]</div> Previous attempts to film <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s works were made by <a href="/wiki/William_L._Snyder" title="William L. Snyder">William Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaffer" title="Peter Shaffer">Peter Shaffer</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a>. These attempts resulted in a couple of unproduced scripts, <a href="/wiki/Concept_art" title="Concept art">concept art</a> and an animated short. Other filmmakers and producers to have had an interest in adapting Tolkien are said to include <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Brodax" title="Al Brodax">Al Brodax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forrest_J_Ackerman" title="Forrest J Ackerman">Forrest Ackerman</a>, Denis O'Dell (who considered <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a> to direct, but instead approached <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a>) and <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>. The rights to adapt Tolkien's works passed through the hands of several studios, having been briefly leased to <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt_Films" title="Rembrandt Films">Rembrandt Films</a> before being sold perpetually to <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>. In 1976, UA passed the rights to The Lord of the Rings (and a part of those to The Hobbit) to <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Films">Fantasy Films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_on_Zaentz-20">[17]</a> In 1977, an animated adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a> was produced as a TV special by <a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankin/Bass Productions">Rankin and Bass</a> and in 1978 <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a> made an animated feature of the first half of <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a>. While profitable, the film did not make enough money to automatically warrant the sequel which would close the story and an argument with producer <a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> led Bakshi to abandon the project. Rankin/Bass then followed in 1980 with an animated TV adaptation of <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a>. Several other Tolkienesque fantasy films were produced at the time, including <a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal" title="The Dark Crystal">The Dark Crystal</a> and Lucas's <a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> At the time of the release of Bakshi's film, a teenaged Peter Jackson had not read the book, but "heard the name",<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> and went to see the film: "I liked the early part—it had some quaint sequences in Hobbiton, a creepy encounter with the Black Rider on the road, and a few quite good battle scenes—but then, about half way through, the storytelling became very disjointed and disorientating and I really didn't understand what was going on. However, what it did do was to make me want to read the book—if only to find out what happened!"<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> Jackson bought a tie-in paperback edition. He later read The Hobbit and <a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a> and listened to the 1981 BBC radio adaptation. Assuming someone would one day adapt it to a live-action film, Jackson read up on some previous attempts to bring the piece to the screen.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube-2015-24">[21]</a> He had not watched the Rankin and Bass TV specials.<a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jackson-2001-26">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch_to_Miramax">Pitch to Miramax</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pitch to Miramax">edit</a>]</div> In 1995, while completing post-production on <a href="/wiki/The_Frighteners" title="The Frighteners">The Frighteners</a>, Jackson and Fran Walsh discussed making an original fantasy film, but could not think of a scenario that was not Tolkien-esque, and eventually decided to look up the film rights. They went to <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> from <a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a>, who got the rights from Saul Zaentz. Jackson knew it would take multiple films to do Tolkien justice,<a href="#cite_note-CharlieRose-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sibley-28">[25]</a> but initially pitched a single trilogy: one film based on The Hobbit and, if that would prove successful, two Lord of the Rings films shot back-to-back.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube-2015-24">[21]</a> Jackson began rereading The Hobbit, looking at illustrations and commissioning concept art from the book, but the rights eventually proved unattainable, having been split between Zaentz and United Artists. Weinstein tried to buy the studio's share of the rights, but was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-McWeeny_2021-29">[26]</a> With The Hobbit postponed for a later prequel, Jackson proceeded with making two or more<a href="#cite_note-Sibley-28">[25]</a> Lord of the Rings films: "We pitched the idea of three films and Miramax didn't really want to take that risk, but we agreed on two."<a href="#cite_note-CharlieRose-27">[24]</a> He began writing the scripts with Walsh and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sinclair" title="Stephen Sinclair">Stephen Sinclair</a>, storyboarding with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, and discussing casting ideas with the Weinsteins.<a href="#cite_note-CharlieRose-27">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_New_Line">Move to New Line</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Move to New Line">edit</a>]</div> As the scripts took shape, it became clear that the budget required would exceed Miramax's capabilities. The Weinsteins suggested cutting the project to one film.<a href="#cite_note-CharlieRose-27">[24]</a> Jackson inquired whether it could be around four hours in duration, but Miramax insisted on two hours, suggesting major cuts to the story, which Jackson refused. Harvey Weinstein threatened to replace Jackson with screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Amini" title="Hossein Amini">Hossein Amini</a> and directors <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_(director)" title="John Madden (director)">John Madden</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a>. Jackson believed this was an empty threat to get him to concede to making a one-film version himself.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-30">[27]</a> Harvey Weinstein eventually relented and agreed to put the project into <a href="/wiki/Turnaround_(filmmaking)" title="Turnaround (filmmaking)">turnaround</a>, but his onerous conditions were meant to prevent the project from being taken up by another studio.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-30">[27]</a> Jackson got an audience with <a href="/wiki/New_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="New Line">New Line</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaye" title="Robert Shaye">Robert Shaye</a>, who accepted the project, but requested that it be expanded into a trilogy. New Line had many promising reasons that the trilogy would be successful, which led them to sign on.<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Final_cut_privilege" title="Final cut privilege">Final cut rights</a> were shared contractually between Jackson and Bob Shaye, but there was never any interference in Jackson's cut.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Initially, each film had a production budget of $60 million, but New Line accepted Jackson's request for an increased budget after a 26-minute preview of The Fellowship of the Ring was presented at the <a href="/wiki/2001_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2001 Cannes Film Festival">2001 Cannes Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production of The Lord of the Rings film series</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Lee_2005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Alan_Lee_2005.JPG/170px-Alan_Lee_2005.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Alan_Lee_2005.JPG/255px-Alan_Lee_2005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Alan_Lee_2005.JPG/340px-Alan_Lee_2005.JPG 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="885" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a>, a Tolkien illustrator who assisted in the visual design, at <a href="/wiki/63rd_World_Science_Fiction_Convention" title="63rd World Science Fiction Convention">Worldcon 2005</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>.</figcaption></figure> Jackson began <a href="/wiki/Storyboard" title="Storyboard">storyboarding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Screenwriting" title="Screenwriting">screenwriting</a> the series with <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a> in 1997 and assigned his crew to begin designing Middle-earth at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-TTT_Art-35">[32]</a> Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens did not write each film to correspond exactly to its respective book, opting instead to write a three-part <a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">adaptation</a> with some sequences missing, some sequences created from scratch, and some sequences moved from one area to another, regardless of its placement in the books. To allow the story to be clearer for viewers, Jackson took a more <a href="/wiki/Chronology" title="Chronology">chronological</a> approach to the story than Tolkien's complex <a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">interlacing of storylines</a>. During shooting, the screenplays continued to evolve, in part due to contributions from cast members looking to further explore their characters.<a href="#cite_note-FOTR_SEE-36">[33]</a> Earlier versions of the script included additional characters like Fatty Bolger, Glorfindel, Elladan, Elrohir, Erkenbrand, Imrahil, and Forlong.<a href="#cite_note-quest-37">[34]</a> At one point, Jackson even considered reintroducing Tom Bombadil in a cameo.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> Gimli was going to swear throughout the films and Arwen would join the Fellowship in Rohan and share a nude scene with Aragorn in the pools of the Glittering Caves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018200–203-39">[36]</a> Jackson hired long-time collaborator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> to lead <a href="/wiki/Weta_Workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Weta Workshop">Weta Workshop</a> on five major design elements: armour, weapons, <a href="/wiki/Prosthetic_makeup" title="Prosthetic makeup">prosthetic makeup</a>, creatures, and miniatures. At New Line's request, animation supervisor <a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Weta_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Weta Digital">Weta Digital</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a>. In November 1997, famed Tolkien illustrators <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a> joined the project;<a href="#cite_note-FOTR_SEE-36">[33]</a> but Jackson also relied on the work of Ted Nasmith, who later turned down an offer to join Alan and John. Jackson wanted realistic designs in the style of historical epics rather than fantasy films, citing <a href="/wiki/Braveheart" title="Braveheart">Braveheart</a> as an inspiration:<a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-YouTube-2002-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">It might be clearer if I described it as an historical film. Something very different to <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Crystal" title="The Dark Crystal">Dark Crystal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(1986_film)" title="Labyrinth (1986 film)">Labyrinth</a>. Imagine something like Braveheart, but with a little of the visual magic of <a href="/wiki/Legend_(1985_film)" title="Legend (1985 film)">Legend</a>. [...] It should have the historical authority of Braveheart, rather than the meaningless fantasy mumbo-jumbo of <a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020-45">[42]</a></blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Major" title="Grant Major">Grant Major</a> was charged with converting Lee and Howe's designs into architecture, creating models of the sets, while <a href="/wiki/Dan_Hennah" title="Dan Hennah">Dan Hennah</a> worked as <a href="/wiki/Art_director#In_film" title="Art director">art director</a>, scouting locations and organizing the building of sets. <a href="/wiki/Ngila_Dickson" title="Ngila Dickson">Ngila Dickson</a> collaborated with Richard Taylor on producing costumes, while <a href="/wiki/Peter_King_(make-up_artist)" title="Peter King (make-up artist)">Peter King</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Owen_(make-up_artist)" title="Peter Owen (make-up artist)">Peter Owen</a> designed makeup and hair. Most of these crew members (and others) returned to work on The Hobbit.<a href="#cite_note-serkis2nd-46">[43]</a> Jackson and cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lesnie" title="Andrew Lesnie">Andrew Lesnie</a> considered shooting in large format like <a href="/wiki/65_mm" class="mw-redirect" title="65 mm">65 mm</a> film,<a href="#cite_note-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-2012-47">[44]</a> or to master the films at <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a>, but both were cost-prohibitive and could not be done on New Zealand soil.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-2012-47">[44]</a> They decided to shoot on fine-grain <a href="/wiki/Super_35" title="Super 35">Super 35</a> mm film and subject the films to rigorous digital grading. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hobbiton,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Hobbiton%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>The house of <a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo Baggins</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">the Shire</a>, as filmed in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> for all three films was conducted concurrently in many locations within <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Protected areas of New Zealand">New Zealand's conservation areas and national parks</a>. Filming took place between 11 October 1999 and 22 December 2000. <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_(filmmaking)" title="Pick-up (filmmaking)">Pick-up shoots</a> were conducted annually from 2001 to 2004.<a href="#cite_note-DVD_appendices-49">[46]</a> The series was shot at many different locations, with seven different units shooting, and soundstages around <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DVD_appendices-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Trilogy_book-50">[47]</a> Along with Jackson directing the whole production, other unit directors included <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mahaffie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mahaffie (page does not exist)">John Mahaffie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Murphy" title="Geoff Murphy">Geoff Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrie_M._Osborne" title="Barrie M. Osborne">Barrie M. Osborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Porras" title="Rick Porras">Rick Porras</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Marshall_Ruge" title="George Marshall Ruge">George Marshall Ruge</a>, and any other assistant director, producer, or writer available. Miniature Photography took place throughout the entire period, amounting to over 1,000 shooting days.<a href="#cite_note-DVD_appendices-49">[46]</a> Weta Digital developed new technologies to allow for the groundbreaking digital effects required for the trilogy, including the development of the <a href="/wiki/MASSIVE_(software)" title="MASSIVE (software)">MASSIVE</a> software to generate intelligent crowds for battle scenes, and advancing the art of <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>, which was used on bipedal creatures like the Cave <a href="/wiki/Troll_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troll (Middle-earth)">Troll</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a>. With Jackson's future films, motion-capture technology came to be pushed so far that it became referred to as "digital makeup", although it was later clarified that during The Lord of the Rings period, it was still fairly reliant on the <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">CG</a> animators.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> Each film had the benefit of a full year of post-production time before its respective December release, often finishing in October–November, with the crew immediately going to work on the next film. Jackson originally wanted to edit all three films with <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Selkirk" title="Jamie Selkirk">Jamie Selkirk</a>, but this proved too much work. The next idea was to have <a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(film_editor)" title="John Gilbert (film editor)">John Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Horton" title="Michael J. Horton">Michael Horton</a>, and Selkirk, respectively, editing the three films simultaneously, but after a month that proved too difficult for Jackson,<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> and the films were edited in consecutive years, although Selkirk continued to act as "Supervising Editor" on the first two entries. Daily rushes would often last up to four hours, and by the time The Fellowship of the Ring had been released, assembly cuts of the other two films (4<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄2 hours each) were already prepared.<a href="#cite_note-YouTube-2002-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOTR_SEE-36">[33]</a> In total, 1,828 km (six million feet) of film was edited down to the 11 hours and 26 minutes (686 minutes) of extended running time.<a href="#cite_note-Trilogy_book-50">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music of The Lord of the Rings film series</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Shore,_Canadian_Film_Centre,_2013-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg/170px-Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg/255px-Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg/340px-Howard_Shore%2C_Canadian_Film_Centre%2C_2013-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a>, composer of the music of the films.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced the trilogy's music. Shore visited the set in 1999, and composed a version of the Shire theme and Frodo's Theme before Jackson began shooting.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> In August 2000, he visited the set again and watched the assembly cuts of The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> In the music, Shore included many (85 to 110) <a href="/wiki/Leitmotifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Leitmotifs">leitmotifs</a> to represent various characters, cultures and places—the largest catalogue of leitmotifs in the history of cinema, surpassing, for comparison, that of the entire <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Star_Wars" title="Music of Star Wars">Star Wars film series</a>. For example, there are multiple leitmotifs just for the hobbits and the <a href="/wiki/Shire_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire (Middle-earth)">Shire</a>. Although the first film had some of its score recorded in Wellington, virtually all of the trilogy's score was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Watford_Colosseum" title="Watford Colosseum">Watford Town Hall</a> and mixed at <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOTR_SEE-36">[33]</a> Jackson planned to advise the score for six weeks each year in London, though for The Two Towers he stayed for twelve.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> The score is primarily played by the <a href="/wiki/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="London Philharmonic Orchestra">London Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, ranging from 93 to 120 players throughout the recording. <a href="/wiki/London_Voices" title="London Voices">London Voices</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_Oratory_School" title="London Oratory School">London Oratory School</a> Schola boy choir, and many artists such as Ben Del Maestro, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Chandra" title="Sheila Chandra">Sheila Chandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enya" title="Enya">Enya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Galway" title="James Galway">James Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emil%C3%ADana_Torrini" title="Emilíana Torrini">Emilíana Torrini</a> contributed. Even actors <a href="/wiki/Billy_Boyd_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Boyd (actor)">Billy Boyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liv_Tyler" title="Liv Tyler">Liv Tyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Otto" title="Miranda Otto">Miranda Otto</a> (extended cuts only for the latter two), and Peter Jackson (for a single gong sound in the second film) contributed to the score. Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens served as librettists, writing lyrics to various music and songs, which <a href="/wiki/David_Salo" title="David Salo">David Salo</a> translated into Tolkien's languages. The third film's end song, "<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>", was a tribute to a young filmmaker Jackson and Walsh befriended named <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Duncan" title="Cameron Duncan">Cameron Duncan</a>, who died of cancer in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-ROTK_SEE-56">[53]</a> Shore composed a main theme for the Fellowship rather than many different character themes, and its strength and weaknesses in volume are depicted at different points in the series. On top of that, individual themes were composed to represent different cultures. Infamously, the amount of music Shore had to write every day for the third film increased dramatically to around seven minutes.<a href="#cite_note-ROTK_SEE-56">[53]</a> The music for the series has been voted best movie soundtrack of all time for the six years running, passing <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977), and <a href="/wiki/Out_of_Africa_(film)" title="Out of Africa (film)">Out of Africa</a> (1985), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soundtracks">Soundtracks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Soundtracks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recordings_of_the_music_for_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Recordings of the music for The Lord of the Rings film series">Recordings of the music for The Lord of the Rings film series</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:75%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Title </th> <th>U.S. release date </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Composer </th> <th>Label </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (soundtrack)">The Fellowship of the Ring: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> </td> <td>20 November 2001 (2001-11-20) </td> <td>71:29 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Reprise_Records" title="Reprise Records">Reprise Records</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (soundtrack)">The Two Towers: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> </td> <td>10 December 2002 (2002-12-10) </td> <td>72:46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (soundtrack)">The Return of the King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> </td> <td>25 November 2003 (2003-11-25) </td> <td>72:05 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> The trilogy's online promotional trailer was first released on 27 April 2000 and set a new record for download hits, registering 1.7 million hits in the first 24 hours of its release.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> The trailer used a selection from the soundtrack for <a href="/wiki/Braveheart" title="Braveheart">Braveheart</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Shawshank_Redemption" title="The Shawshank Redemption">The Shawshank Redemption</a> among other cuts. In 2001, 24 minutes of footage from the series, primarily the <a href="/wiki/Moria_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moria (Middle-earth)">Moria</a> sequence, was shown at the <a href="/wiki/2001_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2001 Cannes Film Festival">54th Cannes Film Festival</a>, and was very well received.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> The showing also included an area designed to look like <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trilogy_book-50">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> was released on 19 December 2001. It grossed $47.2 million in its U.S. opening weekend and made over $868 million worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> A preview of <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> was inserted just before the end credits near the end of the film's theatrical run.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> A promotional trailer was later released, containing music re-scored from the film <a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Dream" title="Requiem for a Dream">Requiem for a Dream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> The Two Towers was released 18 December 2002. It grossed $62 million in its first U.S. weekend and out-grossed its predecessor with over $923 million worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The promotional trailer for <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> was debuted exclusively before the New Line Cinema film <a href="/wiki/Secondhand_Lions" title="Secondhand Lions">Secondhand Lions</a> on 23 September 2003.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> Released 17 December 2003, its first U.S. weekend gross was $72.6 million, and became the second film, after <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997), to gross over $1.1 billion worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> The films are the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">highest-grossing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand cinema history</a>, and the second-highest grossing franchise filmed in New Zealand behind <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(franchise)" title="Avatar (franchise)">Avatar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Each film is linked to the "Box office" section of its article.</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Film </th> <th rowspan="3">U.S. release date </th> <th colspan="3">Box office gross </th> <th colspan="4">All-time ranking </th> <th rowspan="3">Budget </th> <th rowspan="3"><abbr title="References">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">U.S. and Canada </th> <th rowspan="2">Other territories </th> <th rowspan="2">Worldwide </th> <th colspan="2" width="11%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Canada_and_the_United_States#Not_adjusted_for_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States">U.S. and Canada</a> </th> <th colspan="2" width="11%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films#Highest-grossing_films" title="List of highest-grossing films">Worldwide</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <th width="3%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Peak </th> <th>Rank </th> <th width="3%"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />Peak </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring#Box_office" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> </td> <td>19 December 2001 (2001-12-19) </td> <td>$319,372,078 </td> <td>$568,114,112 </td> <td>$888,120,042 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>$93 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers#Box_office" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> </td> <td>18 December 2002 (2002-12-18) </td> <td>$345,518,923 </td> <td>$592,069,770 </td> <td>$938,210,343 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>$94 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King#Box_office" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> </td> <td>17 December 2003 (2003-12-17) </td> <td>$381,878,219 </td> <td>$755,758,537 </td> <td>$1,138,027,091 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>$94 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>$1,046,769,220 </th> <th>$1,915,942,419 </th> <th>$2,964,357,476 </th> <th colspan="4"> </th> <th>$281 million </th> <th><a href="#cite_note-81">[note 1]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Sources other than <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a> that refer to the trilogy's budget being $281 million include: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>,<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>,<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> and <a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_and_public_response">Critical and public response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Critical and public response">edit</a>]</div> The Lord of the Rings trilogy received widespread acclaim and is ranked among the greatest film trilogies ever made.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Kenneth Turan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> wrote that "the trilogy will not soon, if ever, find its equal",<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Todd_McCarthy" title="Todd McCarthy">Todd McCarthy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> described the films as "one of the most ambitious and phenomenally successful dream projects of all time".<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> The Fellowship of the Ring was voted the greatest fantasy movie of all time in a reader's poll conducted by American magazine <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> in 2012, while The Two Towers and The Return of the King placed fourth and third respectively.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> ranked The Lord of the Rings trilogy at No. 2 on its list of "10 greatest movie trilogies of all time".<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> The Lord of the Rings trilogy is ranked at No. 2 in <a href="/wiki//Film" title="/Film">/Film</a>'s list of "The 15 Greatest Trilogies Of All Time",<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a> ranked it at No. 1 in its list of "The 33 Greatest Movie Trilogies".<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> The series appears in the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_Film_Critics_Association:_Top_10_Films" title="Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films">Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association: Top 10 Films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time%27s_All-Time_100_Movies" title="Time's All-Time 100 Movies">Time's All-Time 100 Movies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Berardinelli" title="James Berardinelli">James Berardinelli</a>'s Top 100.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> named the series as the most important films of the past 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Bringing a cherished book to the big screen? No sweat. Peter Jackson's trilogy — or, as we like to call it, our preciousssss — exerted its irresistible pull, on advanced Elvish speakers and neophytes alike."<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paste_(magazine)" title="Paste (magazine)">Paste</a> named it one of the 50 Best Movies of the Decade (2000–2009), ranking it at No. 4.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> In another Time magazine list, the series ranks second in "Best Movies of the Decade".<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> In addition, six characters and their respective actors made the list of 'The 100 Greatest Movie Characters', also compiled by Empire, with <a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a>'s portrayal of Aragorn ranking No. 15, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>'s portrayal of Gandalf ranking No. 30, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a>'s portrayal of Bilbo Baggins (shared with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Freeman" title="Martin Freeman">Martin Freeman</a> for his portrayal of the same character in The Hobbit films) ranking No. 61, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a>' portrayal of Gollum ranking No. 66, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Astin" title="Sean Astin">Sean Astin</a>'s portrayal of Samwise Gamgee ranking No. 77, and <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Bloom" title="Orlando Bloom">Orlando Bloom</a>'s portrayal of Legolas ranking No. 94.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Film </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a><a href="#cite_note-CinemaScore-95">[91]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring#Critical_response" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> </td> <td>92% (8.20/10 average rating) (237 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> </td> <td>92/100 (34 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers#Critical_response" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> </td> <td>95% (8.50/10 average rating) (260 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> </td> <td>87/100 (39 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King#Critical_response" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> </td> <td>94% (8.70/10 average rating) (282 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> </td> <td>94/100 (41 reviews)<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> </td> <td>A+ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry_response">Industry response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Industry response">edit</a>]</div> The series drew acclaim from within the industry, including from the film directors <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a>, who once wrote a script for a Lord of the Rings film, said he was happy his own version was unmade<a href="#cite_note-Nathan-2018b-104">[100]</a> as Jackson's film trilogy was "of such scope and magnitude that it can only be compared to the building of the great Gothic cathedrals."<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> Forrest J. Ackerman, who once presented a film treatment to Tolkien, and appeared on Jackson's <a href="/wiki/Bad_Taste" title="Bad Taste">Bad Taste</a> said his pitch "could never have been given the grand treatment that Peter Jackson afforded it."<a href="#cite_note-Hughes-2012-106">[102]</a> Arthur Rankin said Jackson was making "marvellous films."<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> However, some filmmakers were more critical. <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Edelmann" title="Heinz Edelmann">Heinz Edelmann</a>, who pitched the idea of an animated feature when United Artists considered shooting the films with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>, thought it was "badly directed."<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>, who made <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">an animated film based on the first half of the trilogy</a>, didn't watch the films, but was told<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> that Jackson's film was derivative of his.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> Ahead of the films' release, he said he did not "understand it" but that he does "wish it to be a good movie." Later, he begruged Saul Zaentz for not notifying him of the live-action film, and said that Jackson had his film to study and therefore had "a little easier time than I did."<a href="#cite_note-KenP-2004-111">[107]</a> Afterwards, he grumbled that Jackson "didn't understand"<a href="#cite_note-Simmons-2003-112">[108]</a> Tolkien and created "special effects garbage" to sell toys,<a href="#cite_note-BakshiInterview-113">[109]</a> as well as being derivative of his own film.<a href="#cite_note-KenP-2004-111">[107]</a> Bakshi further blamed Jackson for not acknowledging the influence that the animated film had on him, saying (falsely) that he denied having seen Bakshi's film at all<a href="#cite_note-KenP-2004-111">[107]</a> until being forced to mention him, at which point (according to Bakshi) he mentioned Bakshi's influence "only once" as "PR bolony."<a href="#cite_note-BakshiInterview-113">[109]</a> However, he did praise Jackson's special effects<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> and, in 2015, even apologised for some of his remarks.<a href="#cite_note-BakshiInterview-113">[109]</a> Bakshi's animator Mike Ploog<a href="#cite_note-Ash-2008-115">[111]</a> and writer Peter Beagle both praised the live-action film. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series">List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg/170px-SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg/255px-SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg/340px-SDCC13_-_Ian_McKellen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> received multiple accolades for his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a>, including a nomination for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards" title="74th Academy Awards">74th Academy Awards</a>.</figcaption></figure> The three films together were nominated for a total of 30 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, of which they won 17, both records for any movie trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> The Fellowship of the Ring earned 13 nominations, the most of any film at the <a href="/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards" title="74th Academy Awards">74th Academy Awards</a>, winning four; The Two Towers won two awards from six nominations at the <a href="/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards" title="75th Academy Awards">75th Academy Awards</a>; The Return of the King won in every category in which it was nominated at the <a href="/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards" title="76th Academy Awards">76th Academy Awards</a>, setting the current Oscar record for the highest clean sweep, and its 11 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> wins ties the record held by <a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959) and <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> The Return of the King also became only the second <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture#Sequel_nominations_and_winners" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">sequel to win the Oscar for Best Picture</a> after <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a> (1974).<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Additionally, members of the production crew won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Technical_Achievement" title="Academy Award for Technical Achievement">Academy Award for Technical Achievement</a> for the rendering of skin textures on creatures on The Return of the King,<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Regelous" title="Stephen Regelous">Stephen Regelous</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Technical_Achievement#Scientific_and_Engineering_Award" title="Academy Award for Technical Achievement">Academy Award for Scientific and Engineering Award</a> for the design and development of <a href="/wiki/MASSIVE_(software)" title="MASSIVE (software)">MASSIVE</a>, "the autonomous agent animation system used for the battle sequences in The Lord of the Rings trilogy."<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; width:55%"> <caption>The Lord of the Rings film series at the Academy Awards<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="width:10%;">Category </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards" title="74th Academy Awards">74th Academy Awards</a> </th> <th style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards" title="75th Academy Awards">75th Academy Awards</a> </th> <th style="width:15%;"><a href="/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards" title="76th Academy Awards">76th Academy Awards</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>The Fellowship of the Ring </th> <th>The Two Towers </th> <th>The Return of the King </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Picture</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Director</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Adapted Screenplay</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated<a href="#cite_note-124">[d]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Art Direction</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Academy Award for Best Cinematography">Cinematography</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Costume Design">Costume Design</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Film Editing</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Makeup_and_Hairstyling" title="Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling">Makeup</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Original Score</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Original Song</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated<a href="#cite_note-125">[e]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won<a href="#cite_note-126">[f]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Editing">Sound Editing</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Sound Mixing</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[g]</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Visual Effects</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> As depicted in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> As depicted in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> (2002) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> As depicted in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> For <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> as <a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> For "<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> For "<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>". </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards" title="76th Academy Awards">76th Academy Awards</a>, and since the <a href="/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards" title="93rd Academy Awards">93rd Academy Awards</a> known as 'Best Sound'. </li> </ol></div></div> Each film in the series won the <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Movie_Award_for_Movie_of_the_Year" title="MTV Movie Award for Movie of the Year">MTV Movie Award for Movie of the Year</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Fantasy_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film">Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film</a>. The first and third films also won the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">BAFTA Award for Best Film</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle" title="New York Film Critics Circle">New York Film Critics Circle</a> awarded The Return of the King its Best Picture Award at the <a href="/wiki/2003_New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Awards" title="2003 New York Film Critics Circle Awards">2003 Awards Ceremony</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnston_(critic)" title="Andrew Johnston (critic)">Andrew Johnston</a>, chair of the organisation at that time, who called it "a masterful piece of filmmaking."<a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons_with_the_written_work">Comparisons with the written work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Comparisons with the written work">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings</a></div> Commentators have compared Jackson's film trilogy with Tolkien's written work, remarking that while both have been extremely successful commercially, they differ in many respects. Critics have admired Jackson's ability to film the long and complex work at all; the beauty of the <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Film set">sets</a>, and costumes; and the epic scale of his version of Tolkien's story. They have however found the characters and the story greatly weakened by Jackson's emphasis on action and violence at the expense of psychological depth; the loss of Tolkien's emphasis on free will and individual responsibility; and the replacement of Frodo's inner journey by an American <a href="/wiki/Monomyth" class="mw-redirect" title="Monomyth">monomyth</a> with Aragorn as the hero.<a href="#cite_note-Timmons_2013-129">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-130">[122]</a> As for whether the film trilogy is faithful to the novel, opinions range from <a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a>'s feeling that a film adaptation is not even worth attempting,<a href="#cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-130">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Wayne G. Hammond</a>'s opinion that the film sacrifices the book's richness of characterization and narrative for violence, thrills, and cheap humour,<a href="#cite_note-Croft_on_Wayne_G._Hammond-132">[124]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a>'s view that Jackson's interpretation is unacceptable,<a href="#cite_note-Le_Monde-133">[125]</a> to granting, with Jackson and Boyens, that the film version is inevitably different.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson_interview-134">[126]</a> From that standpoint, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Rosebury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Rosebury">Brian Rosebury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Tom Shippey</a> have described the films as a partial success, giving some of the feeling and capturing some of the key themes of the novel.<a href="#cite_note-135">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_PJ's_film_versions-136">[128]</a> Yvette Kisor considers that Jackson was unfaithful to many of Tolkien's details, but succeeded in achieving something of the same impact and feelings of <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">providence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eucatastrophe" title="Eucatastrophe">eucatastrophe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_race#Polycultural_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien and race">interconnectedness</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Dimitra Fimi</a> suggests that Jackson was continuing Tolkien's tradition of adapting <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, incorporating both the fans' views on that folklore, and cinematic traditions such as the <a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">zombie</a> in the film trilogy to produce its own modern folklore.<a href="#cite_note-Timmons_2013-129">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-130">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_media">Home media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> The first two films were released on two-disc standard edition <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVDs</a> containing previews of the following film. The success of the theatrical cuts brought about four-disc extended editions, with new editing, added special effects and music.<a href="#cite_note-137">[129]</a> Jackson came up with the idea of an extended cut for <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a> and DVD formats while in preproduction.<a href="#cite_note-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020-45">[42]</a> He could insert some of the violence that he thought he would have to trim to get a PG-13 rating for the theatre and he could tailor the pacing to the demands of the small screen, which he said were "completely different".<a href="#cite_note-138">[130]</a> Jackson has stated that he considers the theatrical cuts to be the "definitive versions" of the films due to their deliberate pacing<a href="#cite_note-139">[131]</a> but also that he believes the extended cuts will be "ultimately seen as the more definitive versions of the films".<a href="#cite_note-ROTK-140">[132]</a> The extended cuts of the films and the supplemental special features (dubbed "appendices") were spread over two discs each in a four-disc box set for each film.<a href="#cite_note-141">[a]</a> A limited collector's edition was also released featuring sculpted bookends. The Fellowship of the Ring was released on 12 November 2002, containing 30 minutes of extra footage.<a href="#cite_note-142">[b]</a> The Two Towers, released on 18 November 2003, contains 44 minutes of extra footage.<a href="#cite_note-143">[c]</a> The Return of the King was released on 14 December 2004, with 51 minutes more footage.<a href="#cite_note-144">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[e]</a> The extended cuts have also played at cinemas, most notably the first two for a 16 December 2003 marathon screening (dubbed "Trilogy Tuesday") culminating in a screening of the third film.<a href="#cite_note-147">[f]</a> In 2006, both versions of each film were released together in a limited edition, which includes a new feature-length documentary for each film (but not the extras from the previous releases).<a href="#cite_note-148">[134]</a> Warner Bros. released a box set of the trilogy's theatrical versions on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> on 6 April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-149">[135]</a> The four-disc extended sets were released on Blu-ray in a box set on 28 June 2011, with an additional disc including the feature-length documentary.<a href="#cite_note-150">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dellamorte-145">[133]</a> In 2014, Blu-ray steelbook editions of the five-disc extended editions were released.<a href="#cite_note-151">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[138]</a> In 2016, a six-disc Blu-ray was released containing only the theatrical films of both The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies, as well as a 30-disc bookshelf-themed set of the extended versions of both trilogies and all the special features from previous releases.<a href="#cite_note-153">[139]</a> The Blu-ray releases were criticised for colour-timing issues which degraded the look of the films.<a href="#cite_note-Ponniah-2021-154">[140]</a> In 2020, both trilogies were released on <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a>, featuring both the theatrical and extended versions.<a href="#cite_note-155">[141]</a> All six films were remastered to give them a more consistent colour treatment.<a href="#cite_note-156">[142]</a> Jackson explained that visual effects shots were improved for this release by "[removing] and [painting] out any imperfections," but that they had not been "[upgraded] or [enhanced]".<a href="#cite_note-157">[143]</a> An audio remastering was made as well, with the films receiving a new <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Atmos" title="Dolby Atmos">Dolby Atmos</a> mix.<a href="#cite_note-Ponniah-2021-154">[140]</a> A 31-disc collector's set including both versions of all six films in <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a> and Blu-ray formats, was released in 2021 for the 20-year anniversary of the first film;<a href="#cite_note-158">[144]</a> this, however, does not include the appendices.<a href="#cite_note-159">[145]</a> By 2017, The Lord of the Rings films had a home-media revenue of more than $2.4 billion.<a href="#cite_note-160">[146]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:60%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Film</th> <th>Theatrical edition length</th> <th>Extended edition length </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring#Home_media" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></td> <td>178 minutes (2 hr, 58 min)<a href="#cite_note-161">[147]</a></td> <td>208 minutes (3 hr, 28 min)<a href="#cite_note-162">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers#Home_media" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></td> <td>179 minutes (2 hr, 59 min)<a href="#cite_note-163">[149]</a></td> <td>223 minutes (3 hr, 43 min)<a href="#cite_note-164">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King#Home_media" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></td> <td>201 minutes (3 hr, 21 min)<a href="#cite_note-165">[151]</a></td> <td>252 minutes (4 hr, 12 min)<a href="#cite_note-166">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total runtime </th> <th>558 minutes (9 hr, 18 min) </th> <th>683 minutes (11 hr, 23 min) </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> The release of the films saw a surge of interest in The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's other works, vastly increasing his impact on popular culture.<a href="#cite_note-surge-167">[153]</a> The success of the films spawned numerous video games and many other kinds of merchandise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_films">Further films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further films">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures#Warner_Bros._and_New_Line_Cinema" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Middle-earth in motion pictures § Warner Bros. and New Line Cinema</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Hobbit_trilogy">The Hobbit trilogy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The Hobbit trilogy">edit</a>]</div> From 2012 to 2014 Peter Jackson and his studio Wingnut Films made <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit trilogy</a> consisting of the films <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Desolation_of_Smaug" class="mw-redirect" title="The Desolation of Smaug">The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of the Five Armies">The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies</a>. The trilogy works as a prequel to The Lord of the Rings films.<a href="#cite_note-168">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[155]</a> Though critics generally considered the trilogy to be inferior to the original films, it was still a financial success.<a href="#cite_note-170">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spin-offs">Spin-offs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Spin-offs">edit</a>]</div> In 2024, an <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> prequel film titled <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a> was released. It is directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Kamiyama" title="Kenji Kamiyama">Kenji Kamiyama</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Miranda_Otto" title="Miranda Otto">Miranda Otto</a> reprising her role from live-action, serving as the film's <a href="/wiki/Narrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrator">narrator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rohirrim-171">[157]</a> Additionally, two new live-action films are in development with Jackson returning as producer. The first of these, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Hunt_for_Gollum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollum">The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollum</a>, will be directed by Andy Serkis for a planned release in 2026.<a href="#cite_note-172">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reunion">Reunion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Reunion">edit</a>]</div> In 2020, the actor <a href="/wiki/Josh_Gad" title="Josh Gad">Josh Gad</a> aired a virtual cast reunion as the fourth episode of the web series <a href="/wiki/Reunited_Apart" title="Reunited Apart">Reunited Apart</a>, a charity fundraising effort during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, supporting <a href="/wiki/Share_Our_Strength" title="Share Our Strength">Share Our Strength</a>'s campaign called "No Kid Hungry". Many actors from the original cast participated, along with Jackson, Boyens, and Shore.<a href="#cite_note-173">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[161]</a> The charity raised over $100,000.<a href="#cite_note-176">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_on_the_film_industry_and_tourism">Effects on the film industry and tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Effects on the film industry and tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_tourism" title="Tolkien tourism">Tolkien tourism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A320-232,_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg/250px-Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg/375px-Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg/500px-Airbus_A320-232%2C_Air_New_Zealand_AN0537013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a> painted this <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320_family" title="Airbus A320 family">Airbus A320</a> in The Lord of the Rings livery to promote The Return of the King in 2004.</figcaption></figure> As a result of the series' success, Peter Jackson has become a major figure in the film industry in the mould of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, in the process befriending some industry heavyweights like <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Singer" title="Bryan Singer">Bryan Singer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Darabont" title="Frank Darabont">Frank Darabont</a>. Jackson has since founded his own film production company, <a href="/wiki/Wingnut_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingnut Films">Wingnut Films</a>, as well as Wingnut Interactive, a video game company. He was also finally given a chance to remake <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> in 2005. The film was a critical and box office success, although not as successful as The Lord of the Rings series. Jackson has been called a "favourite son" of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-177">[163]</a> In 2004, Howard Shore toured with The Lord of the Rings Symphony, playing two hours of the score. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter films</a>, the series has renewed interest in the fantasy film genre. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism in New Zealand</a> is up, possibly due to its exposure in the series,<a href="#cite_note-178">[164]</a> with the country's tourism industry waking up to an audience's familiarity.<a href="#cite_note-179">[165]</a> In 2002 the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa">Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> created a travelling exhibition of the film trilogy, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Motion_Picture_Trilogy:_The_Exhibition" title="The Lord of the Rings Motion Picture Trilogy: The Exhibition">The Lord of the Rings Motion Picture Trilogy: The Exhibition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[166]</a> It visited cities around the world including Boston, London, Sydney, Singapore, and Houston.<a href="#cite_note-181">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_disputes">Legal disputes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Legal disputes">edit</a>]</div> The Lord of the Rings left a legacy of court cases over profits from the trilogy. Sixteen cast members (Noel Appleby, <a href="/wiki/Jed_Brophy" title="Jed Brophy">Jed Brophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ferguson" title="Mark Ferguson">Mark Ferguson</a>, Ray Henwood, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hopkins_(actor)" title="Bruce Hopkins (actor)">Bruce Hopkins</a>, William Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lees" title="Nathaniel Lees">Nathaniel Lees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLeod" title="Sarah McLeod">Sarah McLeod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Mune" title="Ian Mune">Ian Mune</a>, Paul Norell, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Parker" title="Craig Parker">Craig Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pollock_(New_Zealand_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Pollock (New Zealand actor)">Robert Pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martyn_Sanderson" title="Martyn Sanderson">Martyn Sanderson</a>, Peter Tait, and Stephen Ure) sued over the lack of revenue from merchandise bearing their appearance. The case was resolved out of court in 2008. The settlement came too late for Appleby, who died of cancer in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-182">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> also filed a lawsuit in 2004 claiming he had not been paid all of his royalties.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_on_Zaentz-20">[17]</a> The next year, Jackson sued the studio over profits from the first film, slowing development of The Hobbit prequels until late 2007.<a href="#cite_note-183">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Trust" title="The Tolkien Trust">The Tolkien Trust</a> filed a lawsuit in February 2008, for violating Tolkien's original deal over the rights that they would earn 7.5% of the gross from any films based on his works.<a href="#cite_note-184">[170]</a> The Trust sought compensation of $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-185">[171]</a> A judge denied them this option, but allowed them to win compensation from the act of the studio ignoring the contract itself.<a href="#cite_note-186">[172]</a> On 8 September 2009, the dispute was settled.<a href="#cite_note-187">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Video games">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Middle-earth in video games</a></div> Numerous video games were released to supplement the film series. <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)">The Two Towers</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)">The Return of the King</a> are direct adaptations of the films.<a href="#cite_note-191">[g]</a> Other games include <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age">The Third Age</a> and its <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance)">Game Boy Advance version</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics">Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth">The Battle for Middle-earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II">The Battle for Middle-earth II</a> and its expansion <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king">The Rise of the Witch-king</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest">Conquest</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest">Aragorn's Quest</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North">War in the North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor">Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War">Middle-earth: Shadow of War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> The folding cases are decorated with drawn concept art behind each DVD and an in-sleeve map of the Fellowship's travels during the film; a folding booklet includes guides to the menu options. A slipcase to enclose all three box sets was sold online. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> The case features an Alan Lee painting of the Fellowship entering Moria, with the Moria Gate depicted on the back of the outer sleeve. An <a href="/wiki/Argonath" class="mw-redirect" title="Argonath">Argonath</a>-styled bookend was included with the collector's edition. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> The case features a Lee painting of Gandalf the White's entrance. The collector's edition includes a Sméagol statue, with a crueller-looking statue of his Gollum persona available to order for a limited time. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> The case exhibits a Lee painting of the Grey Havens. A model of Minas Tirith is included with the collector's edition, with Minas Morgul available by order for a limited time. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> The extended editions also feature longer credit sequences listing the names of The Lord of the Rings fan-club members who contributed to the project.<a href="#cite_note-Dellamorte-145">[133]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Attendees were given a limited-edition keepsake from <a href="/wiki/Sideshow_Collectibles" title="Sideshow Collectibles">Sideshow Collectibles</a> containing a random frame of film from each of the three movies. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> video game is not based on the film.<a href="#cite_note-188">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> incorporated some of the plot and footage into their Two Towers game.<a href="#cite_note-Evans_Interview1-189">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evans_Interview_2-190">[176]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTartaglione2021" class="citation web cs1">Tartaglione, Nancy (14 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2021/12/national-film-registry-2021-list-star-wars-return-of-the-jedi-fellowship-of-the-ring-sounder-nightmare-on-elm-street-wall-e-1234890666/">"National Film Registry Adds Return Of The Jedi, Fellowship Of The Ring, Strangers On A Train, Sounder, WALL-E & More"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=National+Film+Registry+Adds+Return+Of+The+Jedi%2C+Fellowship+Of+The+Ring%2C+Strangers+On+A+Train%2C+Sounder%2C+WALL-E+%26+More&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft.aulast=Tartaglione&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fnational-film-registry-2021-list-star-wars-return-of-the-jedi-fellowship-of-the-ring-sounder-nightmare-on-elm-street-wall-e-1234890666%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming-2017-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming-2017_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming-2017_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fleming-2017_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2017/12/peter-jackson-rebukes-harvey-weinsteins-ashley-judd-mira-sorvino-lord-of-the-rings-1202228217/">"Peter Jackson Rebukes Harvey Weinstein's Denial On Ashley Judd & Mira Sorvino"</a>. 15 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318230523/https://deadline.com/2017/12/peter-jackson-rebukes-harvey-weinsteins-ashley-judd-mira-sorvino-lord-of-the-rings-1202228217/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Jackson+Rebukes+Harvey+Weinstein%27s+Denial+On+Ashley+Judd+%26+Mira+Sorvino&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2017%2F12%2Fpeter-jackson-rebukes-harvey-weinsteins-ashley-judd-mira-sorvino-lord-of-the-rings-1202228217%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018270-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENathan2018270_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, p. 270. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018303–309-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENathan2018303–309_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENathan2018303–309_7-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, pp. 303–309. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/11/29/95113-ian-mckellen-talks-on-gandalfs-last-day/6/">"Ian McKellen talks on Gandalf's last day"</a>. The One Ring. 29 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118102705/https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2014/11/29/95113-ian-mckellen-talks-on-gandalfs-last-day/6/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+One+Ring&rft.atitle=Ian+McKellen+talks+on+Gandalf%27s+last+day&rft.date=2014-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theonering.net%2Ftorwp%2F2014%2F11%2F29%2F95113-ian-mckellen-talks-on-gandalfs-last-day%2F6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPohle_Jr.HartPohle_Baldwin2017" class="citation book cs1">Pohle Jr., Robert W.; Hart, Douglas C.; Pohle Baldwin, Rita (2017). 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The One Ring. 11 April 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318230524/https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2003/04/11/25698-max-von-sydow-as-gandalf-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+One+Ring&rft.atitle=Max+von+Sydow+As+Gandalf%3F&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theonering.net%2Ftorwp%2F2003%2F04%2F11%2F25698-max-von-sydow-as-gandalf-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawleys-1999-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Crawleys-1999_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crawleyscastingcalls.com/index.php/component/movies/index.php?option=com_movies&Itemid=90&id=115&lettre=ALL">"Lord of the Rings/The Hobbit trilogies (Peter Jackson 1999–2011)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108093901/http://crawleyscastingcalls.com/index.php/component/movies/index.php?option=com_movies&Itemid=90&id=115&lettre=ALL">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+of+the+Rings%2FThe+Hobbit+trilogies+%28Peter+Jackson+1999%E2%80%932011%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crawleyscastingcalls.com%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fmovies%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_movies%26Itemid%3D90%26id%3D115%26lettre%3DALL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiding2007" class="citation web cs1">Riding, Alan (2 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/theater/02ridi.html">"Every Inch a King (and Buff, Too)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117062020/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/theater/02ridi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Every+Inch+a+King+%28and+Buff%2C+Too%29&rft.date=2007-09-02&rft.aulast=Riding&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F02%2Ftheater%2F02ridi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, pp. 328–345 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nathan-2018-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Nathan-2018_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, pp. 314–328 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018194153/http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1807537463/cast">"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1804738130/cast">the original</a> on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Movies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovies.yahoo.com%2Fmovie%2F1804738130%2Fcast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_on_Zaentz-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_on_Zaentz_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_on_Zaentz_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/19/lordoftherings.news">"Producer sues over Lord of the Rings profits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 19 August 2004. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Producer+sues+over+Lord+of+the+Rings+profits&rft.date=2004-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2004%2Faug%2F19%2Flordoftherings.news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer2011" class="citation news cs1">Pfeiffer, Oliver (27 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2011/apr/27/clip-join-80s-cult-fantasy-cinema">"Clip joint: 80s cult fantasy cinema"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 21 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Clip+joint%3A+80s+cult+fantasy+cinema&rft.date=2011-04-27&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Ffilmblog%2F2011%2Fapr%2F27%2Fclip-join-80s-cult-fantasy-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009173240/http://www.conlanpress.com/resources/peter_jackson_on_Tolkien_inspiration_2-6-04.mp3">"Peter Jackson, as quoted at the Egyptian Theater in Hollywood, on February 6, 2004"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conlanpress.com/resources/peter_jackson_on_Tolkien_inspiration_2-6-04.mp3">the original</a> on 9 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Jackson%2C+as+quoted+at+the+Egyptian+Theater+in+Hollywood%2C+on+February+6%2C+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conlanpress.com%2Fresources%2Fpeter_jackson_on_Tolkien_inspiration_2-6-04.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSibley" class="citation book cs1">Sibley, Brian. Peter Jackson: A Film-Maker's Journey. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+Jackson%3A+A+Film-Maker%27s+Journey&rft.pages=6&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTube-2015-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YouTube-2015_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YouTube-2015_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XDsSr3sGSI&t=2369s">"Peter Jackson Exeter interview, 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 30 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180831/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XDsSr3sGSI&t=2369s">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+Exeter+interview%2C+2015&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9XDsSr3sGSI%26t%3D2369s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403174527/http://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_19958.php">"20 Questions with Peter Jackson – Part 2"</a>. Ain't It Cool News. 30 December 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_19958.php">the original</a> on 3 April 2013 – via Herr der Ringe Film.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ain%27t+It+Cool+News&rft.atitle=20+Questions+with+Peter+Jackson+%E2%80%93+Part+2&rft.date=1998-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herr-der-ringe-film.de%2Fv3%2Fde%2Fnews%2Ftolkienfilme%2Fnews_19958.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson-2001-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson-2001_26-0">^</a> "Peter Jackson interview". Explorations. Barnes & Noble Science Fiction newsletter. October–November 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-CharlieRose-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CharlieRose_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CharlieRose_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CharlieRose_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CharlieRose_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/17671">"Peter Jackson interview with Charlie Rose, 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a>. 22 February 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524163214/https://charlierose.com/videos/17671">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charlie+Rose&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+interview+with+Charlie+Rose%2C+2002&rft.date=2002-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharlierose.com%2Fvideos%2F17671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sibley-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sibley_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sibley_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSibley" class="citation book cs1">Sibley. A Filmmaker's Journey. pp. 36–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Filmmaker%27s+Journey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.au=Sibley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McWeeny_2021-29"><a href="#cite_ref-McWeeny_2021_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcWeeny2021" class="citation web cs1">McWeeny, Drew (17 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/lord-of-the-rings/22283921/peter-jackson-movies-lotr-alternate-versions-weinstein">"What Peter Jackson's original two-movie Lord of the Rings almost looked like"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_Pictures" title="Polygon Pictures">Polygon</a>. Retrieved 21 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Peter+Jackson%27s+original+two-movie+Lord+of+the+Rings+almost+looked+like&rft.pub=Polygon&rft.date=2021-02-17&rft.aulast=McWeeny&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2Flord-of-the-rings%2F22283921%2Fpeter-jackson-movies-lotr-alternate-versions-weinstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Peter Jackson: A Film-Maker's Journey. pp. 39–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+Jackson%3A+A+Film-Maker%27s+Journey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Kristin (2007). The Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520247741" title="Special:BookSources/9780520247741"><bdi>9780520247741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frodo+Franchise%3A+The+Lord+of+the+Rings+and+Modern+Hollywood&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780520247741&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFleming2021" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Mike Jr. (7 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2021/07/the-lord-of-the-rings-20-years-peter-jackson-bob-shaye-new-line-cinema-cannes-magazine-feature-1234785740/">"'The Lord Of The Rings' Trilogy: A Look Back At A Breathtaking Gamble 20 Years Later"</a>. Deadline. Retrieved 7 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=%27The+Lord+Of+The+Rings%27+Trilogy%3A+A+Look+Back+At+A+Breathtaking+Gamble+20+Years+Later&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Mike+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2021%2F07%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-20-years-peter-jackson-bob-shaye-new-line-cinema-cannes-magazine-feature-1234785740%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharf2021" class="citation web cs1">Sharf, Zack (7 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2021/07/peter-jackson-screamed-studio-lord-of-the-rings-budget-battle-1234649369/">"Peter Jackson Recalls Blowing Up at Studio on 'Lord of the Rings' Set Over Budget Battle"</a>. IndieWire. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+Recalls+Blowing+Up+at+Studio+on+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27+Set+Over+Budget+Battle&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft.aulast=Sharf&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2021%2F07%2Fpeter-jackson-screamed-studio-lord-of-the-rings-budget-battle-1234649369%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJennings2022" class="citation web cs1">Jennings, Collier (12 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashfilm.com/830110/how-the-cannes-film-festival-set-the-stage-for-lord-of-the-rings/">"How The Cannes Film Festival Set The Stage For Lord Of The Rings"</a>. /Film. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%2FFilm&rft.atitle=How+The+Cannes+Film+Festival+Set+The+Stage+For+Lord+Of+The+Rings&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashfilm.com%2F830110%2Fhow-the-cannes-film-festival-set-the-stage-for-lord-of-the-rings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TTT_Art-35"><a href="#cite_ref-TTT_Art_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussell2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Russell" title="Gary Russell">Russell, Gary</a> (2003). The Art of the Two Towers. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-713564-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-713564-5"><bdi>0-00-713564-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Two+Towers&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-00-713564-5&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOTR_SEE-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOTR_SEE_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOTR_SEE_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOTR_SEE_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOTR_SEE_36-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Appendices (DVD). <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring+Appendices&rft.pub=New+Line+Cinema&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quest-37"><a href="#cite_ref-quest_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSibley2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Sibley" title="Brian Sibley">Sibley, Brian</a> (2006). "Quest for the Ring". Peter Jackson: A Film-maker's Journey. London: Harper Collins. pp. 329–387. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-717558-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-717558-2"><bdi>0-00-717558-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quest+for+the+Ring&rft.btitle=Peter+Jackson%3A+A+Film-maker%27s+Journey&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E329-%3C%2Fspan%3E387&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-00-717558-2&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugEFwc5bMB8&list=PLCZgoww3m_249koI9ngypkNy5kKy3J3SX&index=70">"Philippa Boyens interview in Comic-Con, 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 27 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180829/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugEFwc5bMB8&list=PLCZgoww3m_249koI9ngypkNy5kKy3J3SX&index=70">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Philippa+Boyens+interview+in+Comic-Con%2C+2014&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DugEFwc5bMB8%26list%3DPLCZgoww3m_249koI9ngypkNy5kKy3J3SX%26index%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENathan2018200–203-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENathan2018200–203_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, pp. 200–203. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalconer" class="citation book cs1">Falconer, Daniel. Middle Earth: From Script to Screen. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Earth%3A+From+Script+to+Screen&rft.pages=2&rft.aulast=Falconer&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTube-2002-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YouTube-2002_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YouTube-2002_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ggVDYcvNxg">"Peter Jackson interview on Charile Rose, 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 16 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228201928/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ggVDYcvNxg">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+interview+on+Charile+Rose%2C+2002&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-ggVDYcvNxg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.theonering.net/perl/newsview/2/994347571">"Media Watch: Cinelive Magazine"</a>. The One Ring. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120411221626/http://archives.theonering.net/perl/newsview/2/994347571">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+One+Ring&rft.atitle=Media+Watch%3A+Cinelive+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.theonering.net%2Fperl%2Fnewsview%2F2%2F994347571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_20888.php">"Film Crew Embarks on Tolkien Adventures"</a>. HDRF.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180831/https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_20888.php">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HDRF.de&rft.atitle=Film+Crew+Embarks+on+Tolkien+Adventures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herr-der-ringe-film.de%2Fv3%2Fde%2Fnews%2Ftolkienfilme%2Fnews_20888.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_20705.php">"HdR in der französischen Presse"</a>. HDRF.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403150027/http://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_20705.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HDRF.de&rft.atitle=HdR+in+der+franz%C3%B6sischen+Presse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herr-der-ringe-film.de%2Fv3%2Fde%2Fnews%2Ftolkienfilme%2Fnews_20705.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herr_der_Ringe_Film-2020_45-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403163103/https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_19946.php">"20 Questions with Peter Jackson"</a>. Ain't It Cool News. 30 December 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herr-der-ringe-film.de/v3/de/news/tolkienfilme/news_19946.php">the original</a> on 3 April 2013 – via Herr der Ringe Film.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ain%27t+It+Cool+News&rft.atitle=20+Questions+with+Peter+Jackson&rft.date=1998-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herr-der-ringe-film.de%2Fv3%2Fde%2Fnews%2Ftolkienfilme%2Fnews_19946.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-serkis2nd-46"><a href="#cite_ref-serkis2nd_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiardina2011" class="citation news cs1">Giardina, Carolyn (6 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/gollum-actor-andy-serkis-serve-175685">"Gollum Actor Andy Serkis to Serve as Second Unit Director on 'The Hobbit' (Exclusive)"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 1 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gollum+Actor+Andy+Serkis+to+Serve+as+Second+Unit+Director+on+%27The+Hobbit%27+%28Exclusive%29&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.aulast=Giardina&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fheat-vision%2Fgollum-actor-andy-serkis-serve-175685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-2012-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts-2012_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roberts-2012_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2012" class="citation web cs1">Roberts, Sheila (14 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/peter-jackson-the-hobbit-48fps-interview/">"Peter Jackson Talks THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY, Coming on When Guillermo del Toro Left, and Post-Converting LORD OF THE RINGS to 3D"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108005311/https://collider.com/peter-jackson-the-hobbit-48fps-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+Talks+THE+HOBBIT%3A+AN+UNEXPECTED+JOURNEY%2C+Coming+on+When+Guillermo+del+Toro+Left%2C+and+Post-Converting+LORD+OF+THE+RINGS+to+3D&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fpeter-jackson-the-hobbit-48fps-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiv.arri.de/news/newsletter/articles/74839/berl_lesnie.htm">"ARRI Newsletter: Andrew Lesnie at the 2004 Berlinale"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903171409/http://archiv.arri.de/news/newsletter/articles/74839/berl_lesnie.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARRI+Newsletter%3A+Andrew+Lesnie+at+the+2004+Berlinale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiv.arri.de%2Fnews%2Fnewsletter%2Farticles%2F74839%2Fberl_lesnie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DVD_appendices-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_appendices_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_appendices_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DVD_appendices_49-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King "Appendices" (<a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>). <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%22Appendices%22&rft.pub=New+Line+Cinema&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trilogy_book-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trilogy_book_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trilogy_book_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trilogy_book_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSibley2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Sibley" title="Brian Sibley">Sibley, Brian</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lordofringsmakin00sibl">The Making of the Movie Trilogy</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-26022-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-26022-5"><bdi>978-0-618-26022-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Movie+Trilogy&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-618-26022-5&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flordofringsmakin00sibl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otherthings.com/blog/2014/05/randy-cook-speaks-out-on-digital-makeup/">"Randy Cook Speaks Out On "Digital Makeup""</a>. 13 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180856/https://otherthings.com/blog/2014/05/randy-cook-speaks-out-on-digital-makeup/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Randy+Cook+Speaks+Out+On+%22Digital+Makeup%22&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotherthings.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F05%2Frandy-cook-speaks-out-on-digital-makeup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nFH-dnjtrY">"Michael Horton interview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 10 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180824/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nFH-dnjtrY">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Michael+Horton+interview&rft.date=2016-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3nFH-dnjtrY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://audioboom.com/posts/7119168-episode-119-peter-jackson-philippa-boyens-on-the-music-of-mortal-engines-lord-of-the-rings">"Episode 119: Peter Jackson & Philippa Boyens On The Music Of Mortal Engines & Lord Of The Rings"</a>. Soundtracking with Edith Bowman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318230531/https://audioboom.com/posts/7119168-episode-119-peter-jackson-philippa-boyens-on-the-music-of-mortal-engines-lord-of-the-rings">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soundtracking+with+Edith+Bowman&rft.atitle=Episode+119%3A+Peter+Jackson+%26+Philippa+Boyens+On+The+Music+Of+Mortal+Engines+%26+Lord+Of+The+Rings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faudioboom.com%2Fposts%2F7119168-episode-119-peter-jackson-philippa-boyens-on-the-music-of-mortal-engines-lord-of-the-rings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2000" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Paul (15 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/08/15/lord-of-the-rings-composer-confirmed">"Lord of the Rings Composer Confirmed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831202427/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/034/034262p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+of+the+Rings+Composer+Confirmed&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2000-08-15&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2000%2F08%2F15%2Flord-of-the-rings-composer-confirmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers "Appendices" (DVD). <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Two+Towers+%22Appendices%22&rft.pub=New+Line+Cinema&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROTK_SEE-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ROTK_SEE_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ROTK_SEE_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King "Appendices" (DVD). <a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a>. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%22Appendices%22&rft.pub=New+Line+Cinema&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34748803">"Lord of the Rings voted 'best movie soundtrack'"</a>. BBC News. 7 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120090121/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34748803">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lord+of+the+Rings+voted+%27best+movie+soundtrack%27&rft.date=2015-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-34748803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821192740/http://www.xenite.org/faqs/lotr_movie/download-press-release.html">"Lord of the Rings News | LoTR movie internet trailer preview"</a>. Xenite.org. 10 April 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xenite.org/faqs/lotr_movie/download-press-release.html">the original</a> on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+of+the+Rings+News+%26%23124%3B+LoTR+movie+internet+trailer+preview&rft.pub=Xenite.org&rft.date=2000-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xenite.org%2Ffaqs%2Flotr_movie%2Fdownload-press-release.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2001" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Paul (15 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120215011403/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/200/200155p1.html">"LOTR Footage Wows Journalists"</a>. IGN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/05/15/lotr-footage-wows-journalists">the original</a> on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LOTR+Footage+Wows+Journalists&rft.pub=IGN&rft.date=2001-05-15&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2001%2F05%2F15%2Flotr-footage-wows-journalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2001/">"2001 Worldwide Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=2001+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fyear%2Fworld%2F2001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2002" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Paul (25 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713004734/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/317/317797p1.html">"A Longer Fellowship Ending?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/01/25/a-longer-fellowship-ending">the original</a> on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=A+Longer+Fellowship+Ending%3F&rft.date=2002-01-25&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2002%2F01%2F25%2Fa-longer-fellowship-ending&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830235453/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20021117%2FANSWERMAN%2F211170301">"Movie Answer Man"</a>. rogerebert.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/answer-man/movie-answer-man-11172002">the original</a> on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movie+Answer+Man&rft.pub=rogerebert.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Fanswer-man%2Fmovie-answer-man-11172002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2002/">"2002 Worldwide Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Retrieved 11 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=2002+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fyear%2Fworld%2F2002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080726071720/http://www.movieweb.com/news/14/1714.php">"The RETURN OF THE KING trailer confirmed for September 26th! Plus Ian McKellen speaks about the reshoots!"</a>. Movieweb.com. 16 September 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movieweb.com/the-return-of-the-king-trailer-confirmed-for-september-26th-plus-ian-mckellen-speaks-about-the-reshoots/">the original</a> on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+RETURN+OF+THE+KING+trailer+confirmed+for+September+26th%21+Plus+Ian+McKellen+speaks+about+the+reshoots%21&rft.pub=Movieweb.com&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovieweb.com%2Fthe-return-of-the-king-trailer-confirmed-for-september-26th-plus-ian-mckellen-speaks-about-the-reshoots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/world/2003/">"2003 Worldwide Box Office"</a>. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 15 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=2003+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fyear%2Fworld%2F2003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/rings-sinks-titanic-record/4BTSWWUJYKAXGJEBHQOVEEJFHE/">"'Rings' sinks 'Titanic' record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Rings%27+sinks+%27Titanic%27+record&rft.date=2024-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Flifestyle%2Frings-sinks-titanic-record%2F4BTSWWUJYKAXGJEBHQOVEEJFHE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120737/">"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212112503/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120737/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring+%282001%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0120737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> The Fellowship of the Ring peak positions <ul><li>U.S. and Canada: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021202080632/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm">"All Time Domestic Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic/">the original</a> on 2 December 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Domestic+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fdomestic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Worldwide: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021001123059/http://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">"All Time Worldwide Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">the original</a> on 1 October 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0167261/">"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212112504/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0167261/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Two+Towers+%282002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0167261%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> The Two Towers peak positions <ul><li>U.S. and Canada: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030619190056/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm">"All Time Domestic Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic/">the original</a> on 19 June 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Domestic+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fdomestic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Worldwide: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031207144634/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">"All Time Worldwide Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">the original</a> on 7 December 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0167260/">"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212112508/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0167260/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%282003%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0167260%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> The Return of the King peak positions <ul><li>U.S. and Canada: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040604193553/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic.htm">"All Time Domestic Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/domestic/">the original</a> on 4 June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Domestic+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fdomestic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Worldwide: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040605104640/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">"All Time Worldwide Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/">the original</a> on 5 June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=All+Time+Worldwide+Box+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Falltime%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2005" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Ross (27 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529193903/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/27/business/media/the-lawsuit-of-the-rings.html">"The Lawsuit of the Rings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/27/business/media/the-lawsuit-of-the-rings.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>The "Rings" film trilogy, produced for an aggregate $281 million, has made more than $4 billion in retail sales from worldwide film exhibition, home video, soundtracks, merchandise, and television showings, and cleared more than $1 billion for New Line after payments to profit participants, according to one of Mr. Jackson's lawyers, Peter Nelson.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Lawsuit+of+the+Rings&rft.date=2005-06-27&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fthe-lawsuit-of-the-rings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2005" class="citation web cs1">Griffiths, Katherine (28 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705195707/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/director-of-lord-of-the-rings-says-he-is-still-owed-100m-295306.html">"Director of Lord of the Rings says he is still owed $100m"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/director-of-lord-of-the-rings-says-he-is-still-owed-100m-295306.html">the original</a> on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>They were made for a total of $281m, with much of the filming taking place in Jackson's native New Zealand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Director+of+Lord+of+the+Rings+says+he+is+still+owed+%24100m&rft.date=2005-06-28&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Fnews%2Fdirector-of-lord-of-the-rings-says-he-is-still-owed-100m-295306.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheperd2017" class="citation web cs1">Sheperd, Jack (15 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115153430/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/lord-of-the-rings-tv-show-cost-jrr-tolkien-christopher-a8056631.html">"Lord of the Rings set to become the most expensive TV show of all time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/lord-of-the-rings-tv-show-cost-jrr-tolkien-christopher-a8056631.html">the original</a> on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>With a price tag of $1 billion, that would also put the series way above the budget of the movies: all three of Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings films cost $281 million, before advertising.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Lord+of+the+Rings+set+to+become+the+most+expensive+TV+show+of+all+time&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.aulast=Sheperd&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Flord-of-the-rings-tv-show-cost-jrr-tolkien-christopher-a8056631.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwaine2010" class="citation web cs1">Swaine, Jon (10 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101020181056/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8053833/The-Hobbit-could-be-most-expensive-film-ever-made.html">"The Hobbit 'could be most expensive film ever made'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8053833/The-Hobbit-could-be-most-expensive-film-ever-made.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>It would also mean The Hobbit's final price-tag would be approaching twice that of the entire Lord of the Rings trilogy, which cost $281 million (£177 million).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Hobbit+%27could+be+most+expensive+film+ever+made%27&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft.aulast=Swaine&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2Ffilm-news%2F8053833%2FThe-Hobbit-could-be-most-expensive-film-ever-made.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAcuna2012" class="citation web cs1">Acuna, Kirsten (19 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021000313/http://www.businessinsider.com/will-the-hobbit-gamble-be-worth-the-multi-million-risk-2012-10">"Will The Multi-Million Dollar Budget Of 'The Hobbit' Pay Off?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/will-the-hobbit-gamble-be-worth-the-multi-million-risk-2012-10">the original</a> on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>Bear in mind, the total estimated budget for the original three films is set at $281 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Will+The+Multi-Million+Dollar+Budget+Of+%27The+Hobbit%27+Pay+Off%3F&rft.date=2012-10-19&rft.aulast=Acuna&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwill-the-hobbit-gamble-be-worth-the-multi-million-risk-2012-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChitwood2014" class="citation web cs1">Chitwood, Adam (22 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025020133/http://collider.com/the-hobbit-movies-budget">"THE HOBBIT Movies Cost $745 Million, But That's Okay Because They've Already Made Nearly $2 Billion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/the-hobbit-movies-budget">the original</a> on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>The Lord of the Rings trilogy, for example, cost around $281 million not adjusting for inflation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=THE+HOBBIT+Movies+Cost+%24745+Million%2C+But+That%27s+Okay+Because+They%27ve+Already+Made+Nearly+%242+Billion&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=Chitwood&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fthe-hobbit-movies-budget&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNordine2018" class="citation web cs1">Nordine, Michael (19 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320044317/http://www.indiewire.com/2018/03/lord-of-the-rings-tv-show-budget-amazon-1201941431/">"Amazon Is Spending as Much as $500 Million on Its 'Lord of the Rings' Series — Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2018/03/lord-of-the-rings-tv-show-budget-amazon-1201941431/">the original</a> on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>The original film trilogy, released between 2001–03, came with a comparatively modest price tag of $281 million, whereas the more recent "Hobbit" trilogy cost a reported $623 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Amazon+Is+Spending+as+Much+as+%24500+Million+on+Its+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27+Series+%E2%80%94+Report&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft.aulast=Nordine&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2018%2F03%2Flord-of-the-rings-tv-show-budget-amazon-1201941431%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKohn2019" class="citation web cs1">Kohn, Eric (25 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426133446/http://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/elijah-wood-lord-of-the-rings-amazon-1-billion-1202127879/">"Elijah Wood On Amazon's $1 Billion 'Lord of the Rings' Investment: 'That's Crazy to Me'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IndieWire" title="IndieWire">IndieWire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/elijah-wood-lord-of-the-rings-amazon-1-billion-1202127879/">the original</a> on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019. <q>Jackson's combination of cutting-edge CGI and a flair for classical fantasy transformed J.R.R. Tolkien's novels into an epic trilogy that ultimately grossed $2.92 billion worldwide off a combined budget of roughly $281 million.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IndieWire&rft.atitle=Elijah+Wood+On+Amazon%27s+%241+Billion+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27+Investment%3A+%27That%27s+Crazy+to+Me%27&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiewire.com%2F2019%2F04%2Felijah-wood-lord-of-the-rings-amazon-1-billion-1202127879%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Sources that refer to The Lord of the Rings being praised as one of the greatest film trilogies ever made include: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">Green, Willow (27 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211130624/http://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/trilogy/">"The 33 Greatest Movie Trilogies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/trilogy/">the original</a> on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=The+33+Greatest+Movie+Trilogies&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Willow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Ftrilogy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">Parrish, Robin (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702001439/http://screenrant.com/best-film-movie-trilogies-ever-all-time/">"The Best Movie Trilogies Of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/best-film-movie-trilogies-ever-all-time/">the original</a> on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=The+Best+Movie+Trilogies+Of+All+Time&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fbest-film-movie-trilogies-ever-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">Ritschel, Chelsea (20 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921001143/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/best-movie-trilogy-film-jurassic-park-lord-of-the-rings-indiana-jones-a8547876.html">"From 'Jurassic Park' to 'The Godfather': America's favourite movie trilogies, ranked"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/best-movie-trilogy-film-jurassic-park-lord-of-the-rings-indiana-jones-a8547876.html">the original</a> on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=From+%27Jurassic+Park%27+to+%27The+Godfather%27%3A+America%27s+favourite+movie+trilogies%2C+ranked&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft.aulast=Ritschel&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ffilms%2Fbest-movie-trilogy-film-jurassic-park-lord-of-the-rings-indiana-jones-a8547876.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTuran2003" class="citation web cs1">Turan, Kenneth (16 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922004749/http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-et-turan16dec16%2C2%2C3219427.htmlstory?coll=cl-mreview">"'The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calendarlive.com/movies/reviews/cl-et-turan16dec16,2,3219427.htmlstory?coll=cl-mreview">the original</a> on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King%27&rft.date=2003-12-16&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calendarlive.com%2Fmovies%2Freviews%2Fcl-et-turan16dec16%2C2%2C3219427.htmlstory%3Fcoll%3Dcl-mreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2003" class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, Todd (5 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2003/film/awards/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king-2-1200537614/">"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514133516/http://variety.com/2003/film/awards/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king-2-1200537614/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2003%2Ffilm%2Fawards%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king-2-1200537614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilsdorf2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gilsdorf" title="Ethan Gilsdorf">Gilsdorf, Ethan</a> (30 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222061621/http://www.wired.com/2012/12/winners-fantasy-movies/">"And the Winner Is... Reader's Choice for Top 10 Fantasy Movies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. 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Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CinemaScore&rft.pub=CinemaScore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemascore.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113108/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_fellowship_of_the_ring">"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_fellowship_of_the_ring">the original</a> on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring+%282001%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_lord_of_the_rings_the_fellowship_of_the_ring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-fellowship-of-the-ring">"The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202348/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-fellowship-of-the-ring">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring+%282001%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-the-fellowship-of-the-ring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113110/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_two_towers">"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_two_towers">the original</a> on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Two+Towers+%282002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_lord_of_the_rings_the_two_towers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-two-towers">"The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202400/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-two-towers">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Two+Towers+%282002%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-the-two-towers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212113111/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_return_of_the_king">"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_return_of_the_king">the original</a> on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%282003%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_lord_of_the_rings_the_return_of_the_king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king">"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202334/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%282003%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, p. 849 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Friedman" title="Roger Friedman">Friedman, Roger</a> (16 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/george-lucas-all-set-for-failure">"George Lucas 'All Set for Failure'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524161858/https://www.foxnews.com/story/george-lucas-all-set-for-failure">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020. <q>Lucas also told me that he and Lord of the Rings director Peter Jackson have become good friends</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=George+Lucas+%27All+Set+for+Failure%27&rft.date=2003-01-16&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fgeorge-lucas-all-set-for-failure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nathan-2018b-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Nathan-2018b_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNathan2018">Nathan 2018</a>, p. 40 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoorman" class="citation book cs1">Boorman, John. Adventures of a Suburban Boy. New York: Farmer, Straus and Giroux. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventures+of+a+Suburban+Boy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Farmer%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.aulast=Boorman&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-2012-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Hughes-2012_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2012" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, David (2012). Tales From Development Hell (New Updated Edition): The Greatest Movies Never Made?. Titan. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85768-731-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85768-731-9"><bdi>978-0-85768-731-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tales+From+Development+Hell+%28New+Updated+Edition%29%3A+The+Greatest+Movies+Never+Made%3F&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Titan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-85768-731-9&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COto1-Ur1S4">"Arthur Rankin Jr., Interview at the Museum of Television & Radio (2003) – Part 3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 5 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217040910/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COto1-Ur1S4&gl=US&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Arthur+Rankin+Jr.%2C+Interview+at+the+Museum+of+Television+%26+Radio+%282003%29+%E2%80%93+Part+3&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCOto1-Ur1S4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awn.com/animationworld/heinz-edelmann-interview">"The Heinz Edelmann Interview"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406150154/http://www.awn.com/animationworld/heinz-edelmann-interview">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Heinz+Edelmann+Interview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awn.com%2Fanimationworld%2Fheinz-edelmann-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theonering.com/news/other-news/a-brief-interview-with-ralph-bakshi-what-does-ralph-think-of-peter-jackson-apos-s-lotr">"A Brief Interview with Ralph Bakshi – What does Ralph think of Peter Jackson's LOTR?"</a>. 22 August 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190903203034/http://www.theonering.com/news/other-news/a-brief-interview-with-ralph-bakshi-what-does-ralph-think-of-peter-jackson-apos-s-lotr">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Interview+with+Ralph+Bakshi+%E2%80%93+What+does+Ralph+think+of+Peter+Jackson%27s+LOTR%3F&rft.date=2002-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theonering.com%2Fnews%2Fother-news%2Fa-brief-interview-with-ralph-bakshi-what-does-ralph-think-of-peter-jackson-apos-s-lotr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170714120916/http://www.fpsmagazine.com/feature/040703bakshi-6.php">"Interview: Ralph Bakshi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpsmagazine.com/feature/040703bakshi-6.php">the original</a> on 14 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Ralph+Bakshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpsmagazine.com%2Ffeature%2F040703bakshi-6.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KenP-2004-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KenP-2004_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KenP-2004_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KenP-2004_111-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/05/26/an-interview-with-ralph-bakshi">"An Interview with Ralph Bakshi"</a>. 26 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318230523/https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/05/26/an-interview-with-ralph-bakshi">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Interview+with+Ralph+Bakshi&rft.date=2004-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2004%2F05%2F26%2Fan-interview-with-ralph-bakshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons-2003-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Simmons-2003_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fulvuedrive-in.com/interview/1032/RALPH+BAKSHI+INTERVIEW">"Ralph Bakshi on the recent DVD release of "Wizards""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629035543/http://www.fulvuedrive-in.com/interview/1032/RALPH+BAKSHI+INTERVIEW">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ralph+Bakshi+on+the+recent+DVD+release+of+%22Wizards%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fulvuedrive-in.com%2Finterview%2F1032%2FRALPH%2BBAKSHI%2BINTERVIEW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BakshiInterview-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BakshiInterview_113-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BakshiInterview_113-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BakshiInterview_113-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroadway2015" class="citation web cs1">Broadway, Cliff (20 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2015/04/20/97766-the-bakshi-interview-uncloaking-a-legacy/">"The Bakshi Interview: Uncloaking a Legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheOneRing.net" class="mw-redirect" title="TheOneRing.net">TheOneRing.net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118203245/https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2015/04/20/97766-the-bakshi-interview-uncloaking-a-legacy/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheOneRing.net&rft.atitle=The+Bakshi+Interview%3A+Uncloaking+a+Legacy&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft.aulast=Broadway&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theonering.net%2Ftorwp%2F2015%2F04%2F20%2F97766-the-bakshi-interview-uncloaking-a-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilsdorf2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gilsdorf" title="Ethan Gilsdorf">Gilsdorf, Ethan</a> (22 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethangilsdorf.com/ethanfreak-blog/2014/3/22/a-2006-interview-with-ralph-bakshi.html">"A 2006 INTERVIEW WITH RALPH BAKSHI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gilsdorf" title="Ethan Gilsdorf">Ethan Gilsdorf</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119013413/http://www.ethangilsdorf.com/ethanfreak-blog/2014/3/22/a-2006-interview-with-ralph-bakshi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethan+Gilsdorf&rft.atitle=A+2006+INTERVIEW+WITH+RALPH+BAKSHI&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft.aulast=Gilsdorf&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethangilsdorf.com%2Fethanfreak-blog%2F2014%2F3%2F22%2Fa-2006-interview-with-ralph-bakshi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ash-2008-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Ash-2008_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAsh2008" class="citation book cs1">Ash, Roger (2008). Modern Masters Volume 19: Mike Ploog. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Masters+Volume+19%3A+Mike+Ploog&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=TwoMorrows+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2016" class="citation web cs1">Rosenberg, Adam (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/archive/star-wars-oscars-numbers">"'Star Wars' ties 'Lord of the Rings' with 30 Oscar nominations, the most for any series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241206222950/https://mashable.com/archive/star-wars-oscars-numbers">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=%27Star+Wars%27+ties+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27+with+30+Oscar+nominations%2C+the+most+for+any+series&rft.date=2016-01-14&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2Farchive%2Fstar-wars-oscars-numbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-oscars-won-by-a-film">"Most Oscars won by a film"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814213244/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-oscars-won-by-a-film">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&rft.atitle=Most+Oscars+won+by+a+film&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Fmost-oscars-won-by-a-film&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeier2024" class="citation news cs1">Meier, Alex (11 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7ny.com/every-oscar-best-picture-winner-list-every-movie/14457885/">"Best picture winners list: Every single movie to win top Oscar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WABC-TV" title="WABC-TV">WABC-TV</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Best+picture+winners+list%3A+Every+single+movie+to+win+top+Oscar&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7ny.com%2Fevery-oscar-best-picture-winner-list-every-movie%2F14457885%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson2007" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Kristin (2007). The Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood. University of California Press. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24774-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24774-1"><bdi>978-0-520-24774-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frodo+Franchise%3A+The+Lord+of+the+Rings+and+Modern+Hollywood&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24774-1&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2004">"THE 76TH SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL AWARDS 2003 | 2004"</a>. 5 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200302062701/https://oscars.org/sci-tech/ceremonies/2004">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+76TH+SCIENTIFIC+%26+TECHNICAL+AWARDS+2003+%7C+2004&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fsci-tech%2Fceremonies%2F2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190528/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html">"The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. 24 March 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/74th-winners.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+74th+Academy+Awards+%282002%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.date=2002-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fawards%2Facademyawards%2Flegacy%2Fceremony%2F74th-winners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190607/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/75th-winners.html">"The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. 23 March 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/75th-winners.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+75th+Academy+Awards+%282003%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.date=2003-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fawards%2Facademyawards%2Flegacy%2Fceremony%2F75th-winners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190645/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/76th-winners.html">"The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. 29 February 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/76th-winners.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+76th+Academy+Awards+%282004%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.date=2004-02-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fawards%2Facademyawards%2Flegacy%2Fceremony%2F76th-winners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231051508/http://www.today.com/id/3720057">"New York film critics honor 'Rings'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a>. 15 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/popculture/new-york-film-critics-honor-rings-wbna3720057">the original</a> on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+film+critics+honor+%27Rings%27&rft.pub=Today&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fnew-york-film-critics-honor-rings-wbna3720057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timmons_2013-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timmons_2013_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timmons_2013_129-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimmons2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Timmons, Daniel (2013) [2007]. "Jackson, Peter". In <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._C._Drout" title="Michael D. C. Drout">Drout, Michael D. C.</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 303–310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-86511-1"><bdi>978-0-415-86511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jackson%2C+Peter&rft.btitle=J.R.R.+Tolkien+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E303-%3C%2Fspan%3E310&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-86511-1&rft.aulast=Timmons&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_130-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogstad_Kaveny_2011_130-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBogstadKaveny2011" class="citation book cs1">Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA5">"Introduction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a>. McFarland. pp. 5–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8473-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-8473-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180829/https://books.google.com/books?id=jNjKrXRP0G8C&pg=PA5">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. 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Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+Tolkien+Criticism&rft.pub=Dallas+Baptist+University&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Philip+Irving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.dbu.edu%2Fmitchell%2Ftolkiencritbriefintro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croft_on_Wayne_G._Hammond-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Croft_on_Wayne_G._Hammond_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCroft" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Brennan_Croft" title="Janet Brennan Croft">Croft, Janet Brennan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031065417/http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/C/Janet.B.Croft-1/anticipationandflattening.htm">"Anticipation and Flattening in Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring"</a>. faculty-staff.ou.edu. University of Oklahoma. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/C/Janet.B.Croft-1/anticipationandflattening.htm">the original</a> on 31 October 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faculty-staff.ou.edu&rft.atitle=Anticipation+and+Flattening+in+Peter+Jackson%27s+The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring&rft.aulast=Croft&rft.aufirst=Janet+Brennan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty-staff.ou.edu%2FC%2FJanet.B.Croft-1%2Fanticipationandflattening.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Monde-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Monde_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRérolle2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rérolle, Raphaëlle (5 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/07/05/tolkien-l-anneau-de-la-discorde_1729858_3246.html">"Tolkien, l'anneau de la discorde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709045110/http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/07/05/tolkien-l-anneau-de-la-discorde_1729858_3246.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Tolkien%2C+l%27anneau+de+la+discorde&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft.aulast=R%C3%A9rolle&rft.aufirst=Rapha%C3%ABlle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F2012%2F07%2F05%2Ftolkien-l-anneau-de-la-discorde_1729858_3246.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_interview-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_interview_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/peter_jackson_online/lotr/articles/20_questions.htm">"20 Questions with Peter Jackson"</a>. Retrieved 30 April 2010 – via members.tripod.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+Questions+with+Peter+Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2Fpeter_jackson_online%2Flotr%2Farticles%2F20_questions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosebury2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Rosebury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Rosebury">Rosebury, Brian</a> (2003) [1992]. <a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Cultural_Phenomenon" title="Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon">Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon</a>. Palgrave. pp. 204–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1263-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-1263-3"><bdi>978-1-4039-1263-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien%3A+A+Cultural+Phenomenon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E204-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1263-3&rft.aulast=Rosebury&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005_PJ's_film_versions-136"><a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_PJ's_film_versions_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a> (3rd ed.). HarperCollins. pp. 409–429. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-261-10275-0"><bdi>978-0-261-10275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E409-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-261-10275-0&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrizio2004" class="citation web cs1">Patrizio, Andy (8 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2004/12/08/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king-special-extended-edition">"The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Special Extended Edition)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713005407/http://uk.dvd.ign.com/articles/571/571469p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+The+Return+of+the+King+%28Special+Extended+Edition%29&rft.date=2004-12-08&rft.aulast=Patrizio&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2004%2F12%2F08%2Fthe-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king-special-extended-edition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> The Fellowship of the Ring Appendices: Assembling an Epic. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/12/08/interview-peter-jackson-2?page=4">"Interview: Peter Jackson"</a>. IGN. 9 December 2003. Retrieved 21 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Peter+Jackson&rft.date=2003-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2003%2F12%2F08%2Finterview-peter-jackson-2%3Fpage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROTK-140"><a href="#cite_ref-ROTK_140-0">^</a> The Return of the King, Director's Commentary. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dellamorte-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dellamorte_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dellamorte_145-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDellamorte2011" class="citation web cs1">Dellamorte, Andre (20 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918222935/http://collider.com/lord-of-the-rings-extended-edition-blu-ray-review/97669">"The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy: Extended Edition Blu-ray Review"</a>. Collider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/lord-of-the-rings-extended-edition-blu-ray-review/97669">the original</a> on 18 September 2012. 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ComingSoon.net. 14 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216003933/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=61612">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2009. 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Film Stories. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021183914/https://www.filmstories.co.uk/news/lord-of-the-rings-and-the-hobbit-set-for-4k-release-in-december/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020. 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SyFy Wire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219180632/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/peter-jackson-4k-remasters-lord-of-the-rings-the-hobbit">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SyFy+Wire&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+didn%27t+pull+a+Lucas+on+Lord+of+the+Rings%2C+but+here%27s+what+did+change+in+the+4K+remasters&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Fpeter-jackson-4k-remasters-lord-of-the-rings-the-hobbit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilliam2021" class="citation web cs1">Gilliam, Ryan (9 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22664926/lord-of-the-rings-4k-blu-ray-box-set-hobbit-middle-earth-ultimate-collectors-edition">"31-disc Lord of the Rings 4K Blu-ray box set is the most Lord of the Rings yet"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Fellowship+Of+The+Ring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-fellowship-ring-2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-fellowship-ring-2003">"The Lord Of The Rings – The Fellowship Of The Ring [Extended version]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321091140/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-fellowship-ring-2003">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Fellowship+Of+The+Ring+%5BExtended+version%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-fellowship-ring-2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-two-towers-2002">"The Lord Of The Rings – The Two Towers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321092838/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-two-towers-2002">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Two+Towers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-two-towers-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-two-towers-video-5">"The Lord Of The Rings – The Two Towers [Extended version]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321091230/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-two-towers-video-5">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Two+Towers+%5BExtended+version%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-two-towers-video-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-return-king-film">"The Lord Of The Rings – The Return Of The King"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322120813/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-return-king-film">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Return+Of+The+King&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-return-king-film&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-return-king-video-3">"The Lord Of The Rings – The Return Of The King [Extended version]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321092908/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/lord-rings-return-king-video-3">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Board+of+Film+Classification&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Of+The+Rings+%E2%80%93+The+Return+Of+The+King+%5BExtended+version%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbfc.co.uk%2Freleases%2Flord-rings-return-king-video-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-surge-167"><a href="#cite_ref-surge_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilsdorf2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gilsdorf" title="Ethan Gilsdorf">Gilsdorf, Ethan</a> (16 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2003/11/16/lord_of_the_gold_ring/">"Lord of the Gold Ring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060827073302/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/magazine/articles/2003/11/16/lord_of_the_gold_ring/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Lord+of+the+Gold+Ring&rft.date=2003-11-16&rft.aulast=Gilsdorf&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Fmagazine%2Farticles%2F2003%2F11%2F16%2Flord_of_the_gold_ring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaytum2012" class="citation web cs1">Maytum, Matt (31 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesradar.com/peter-jackson-confirms-that-the-hobbit-will-become-three-films/">"Peter Jackson confirms that The Hobbit will become three films"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamesRadar%2B" title="GamesRadar+">GamesRadar+</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesRadar%2B&rft.atitle=Peter+Jackson+confirms+that+The+Hobbit+will+become+three+films&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft.aulast=Maytum&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesradar.com%2Fpeter-jackson-confirms-that-the-hobbit-will-become-three-films%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoundas2014" class="citation web cs1">Foundas, Scott (1 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/film-review-the-hobbit-the-battle-of-the-five-armies-1201367492/">"Film Review: 'The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Film+Review%3A+%27The+Hobbit%3A+The+Battle+of+the+Five+Armies%27&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.aulast=Foundas&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2014%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Ffilm-review-the-hobbit-the-battle-of-the-five-armies-1201367492%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMendleson2015" class="citation web cs1">Mendleson, Scott (11 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2015/02/11/the-hobbit-trilogy-grossed-almost-3-billion-and-no-one-cared/">"'The Hobbit' Trilogy Grossed Almost $3 Billion And No One Cared"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=%27The+Hobbit%27+Trilogy+Grossed+Almost+%243+Billion+And+No+One+Cared&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft.aulast=Mendleson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fscottmendelson%2F2015%2F02%2F11%2Fthe-hobbit-trilogy-grossed-almost-3-billion-and-no-one-cared%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rohirrim-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Rohirrim_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Alessandro2022" class="citation web cs1">D'Alessandro, Anthony (15 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2022/06/lord-of-the-rings-the-war-of-the-rohirrim-brian-cox-miranda-otto-1235045883/">"'The Lord Of The Rings: The War Of The Rohirrim': Anime Voice Cast Counts Brian Cox, Gaia Wise, Miranda Otto & More"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615130310/https://deadline.com/2022/06/lord-of-the-rings-the-war-of-the-rohirrim-brian-cox-miranda-otto-1235045883/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=%27The+Lord+Of+The+Rings%3A+The+War+Of+The+Rohirrim%27%3A+Anime+Voice+Cast+Counts+Brian+Cox%2C+Gaia+Wise%2C+Miranda+Otto+%26+More&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft.aulast=D%27Alessandro&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2022%2F06%2Flord-of-the-rings-the-war-of-the-rohirrim-brian-cox-miranda-otto-1235045883%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaas2024" class="citation web cs1">Maas, Jennifer (9 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2024/film/news/lord-of-the-rings-movie-2026-release-warner-bros-1235997102/">"Warner Bros. to Release New 'Lord of the Rings' Movie 'The Hunt for Gollum' in 2026, Peter Jackson to Produce and Andy Serkis to Direct"</a>. Variety. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Warner+Bros.+to+Release+New+%27Lord+of+the+Rings%27+Movie+%27The+Hunt+for+Gollum%27+in+2026%2C+Peter+Jackson+to+Produce+and+Andy+Serkis+to+Direct&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Maas&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2024%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Flord-of-the-rings-movie-2026-release-warner-bros-1235997102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_U0S6x_kCs">"One Zoom to Rule Them All | Reunited Apart Lord of the Rings Edition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 31 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601001920/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_U0S6x_kCs">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=One+Zoom+to+Rule+Them+All+%7C+Reunited+Apart+Lord+of+the+Rings+Edition&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dl_U0S6x_kCs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Kane2020" class="citation web cs1">O'Kane, Caitlin (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actor-josh-gad-reunites-stars-of-lord-of-the-rings-while-raising-money-for-kids-in-need/">"Actor Josh Gad reunites stars of "Lord of the Rings" while raising money for kids in need"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602191945/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/actor-josh-gad-reunites-stars-of-lord-of-the-rings-while-raising-money-for-kids-in-need/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Actor+Josh+Gad+reunites+stars+of+%22Lord+of+the+Rings%22+while+raising+money+for+kids+in+need&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Factor-josh-gad-reunites-stars-of-lord-of-the-rings-while-raising-money-for-kids-in-need%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAxon2020" class="citation web cs1">Axon, Samuel (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2020/06/one-zoom-to-rule-them-all-lord-of-the-rings-cast-reunites-to-share-memories/">"One Zoom to rule them all: Lord of the Rings cast reunites to share memories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602161634/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2020/06/one-zoom-to-rule-them-all-lord-of-the-rings-cast-reunites-to-share-memories/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=One+Zoom+to+rule+them+all%3A+Lord+of+the+Rings+cast+reunites+to+share+memories&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Axon&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2F2020%2F06%2Fone-zoom-to-rule-them-all-lord-of-the-rings-cast-reunites-to-share-memories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGad2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Gad" title="Josh Gad">Gad, Josh</a> (2 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/joshgad/status/1267846683204804609">"I want to cry. During this darkest hour, you all came together and raised over $100,000 for ⁦@nokidhungry so that every child can get a hot meal right now. Bless you all!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602193742/https://twitter.com/joshgad/status/1267846683204804609">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=I+want+to+cry.+During+this+darkest+hour%2C+you+all+came+together+and+raised+over+%24100%2C000+for+%E2%81%A6%40nokidhungry+so+that+every+child+can+get+a+hot+meal+right+now.+Bless+you+all%21&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.aulast=Gad&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fjoshgad%2Fstatus%2F1267846683204804609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=594&ObjectID=584301">"NZer of the year: Peter Jackson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 29 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929175303/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=594&ObjectID=584301">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NZer+of+the+year%3A+Peter+Jackson&rft.pub=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.date=2001-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Ffeature%2Fstory.cfm%3Fc_id%3D594%26ObjectID%3D584301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051120164817/http://theculturedtraveler.com/Archives/AUG2005/Movies_New_Zeland.htm">"Movie Tourism in New Zealand"</a>. 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Anything You Can Imagine: Peter Jackson and the Making of Middle Earth. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00819250-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00819250-1"><bdi>978-0-00819250-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anything+You+Can+Imagine%3A+Peter+Jackson+and+the+Making+of+Middle+Earth&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-00819250-1&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Lord+of+the+Rings+%28film+series%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style 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Feature Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120737/">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127367#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/53999">The Two Towers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0167261/">The Two Towers</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164963#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle-earth_film_franchise368" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle-earth_film_franchise" title="Template:Middle-earth film franchise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle-earth_film_franchise" title="Template talk:Middle-earth film franchise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth_film_franchise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth film franchise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle-earth_film_franchise368" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle-earth film franchise</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Middle-earth in motion pictures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lord of the Rings film trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recordings_of_the_music_for_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Recordings of the music for The Lord of the Rings film series">Soundtracks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (soundtrack)">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (soundtrack)">The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(soundtrack)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (soundtrack)">The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>" ("<a href="/wiki/They%27re_Taking_the_Hobbits_to_Isengard" title="They're Taking the Hobbits to Isengard">They're Taking the Hobbits to Isengard</a>")</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_Dreams_(Howard_Shore_song)" title="In Dreams (Howard Shore song)">In Dreams</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Requiem_for_a_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Requiem for a Tower">Requiem for a Tower</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song#In_film" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Lord of the Rings film series">Original characters</a> (<a href="/wiki/Figwit" title="Figwit">Figwit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Motion_Picture_Trilogy:_The_Exhibition" title="The Lord of the Rings Motion Picture Trilogy: The Exhibition">The Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Long_and_Short_of_It" class="mw-redirect" title="The Long and Short of It">The Long and Short of It</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit film trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">An Unexpected Journey</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Desolation of Smaug</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Battle of the Five Armies</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Hobbit film series">Original characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauriel" title="Tauriel">Tauriel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">Music</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_See_Fire" title="I See Fire">I See Fire</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Hobbit film series">Accolades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)">The Two Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)">The Return of the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age">The Third Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance_video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance video game)">Game Boy Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth">The Battle for Middle-earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II">The Battle for Middle-earth II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king">The Rise of the Witch-king</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest">Aragorn's Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North">War in the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Hobbit_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lego The Hobbit (video game)">Lego The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor">Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War">Middle-earth: Shadow of War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_(film_franchise)" title="Category:Middle-earth (film franchise)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Template:Middle-earth in motion pictures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Template talk:Middle-earth in motion pictures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth in motion pictures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Middle-earth in motion pictures</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Enterprises" title="Middle-earth Enterprises">Middle-earth Enterprises</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1967_film)" title="The Hobbit (1967 film)">The Hobbit</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1977_film)" title="The Hobbit (1977 film)">The Hobbit</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live-action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> film series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lord of the Rings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Lord of the Rings film series">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">An Unexpected Journey</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Desolation of Smaug</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Battle of the Five Armies</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of accolades received by The Hobbit film series">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_original_characters_in_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="List of original characters in The Hobbit film series">Original characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagan_om_ringen_(1971_film)" title="Sagan om ringen (1971 film)">Sagan om ringen</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(1985_film)" title="The Hobbit (1985 film)">The Hobbit</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khraniteli" title="Khraniteli">Khraniteli</a> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobitit" title="Hobitit">Hobitit</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power</a> (2022–present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Gollum" title="The Hunt for Gollum">The Hunt for Gollum</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_based_on_Middle-earth" title="Category:Works based on Middle-earth">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Lord_of_the_Rings313" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Template talk:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Lord of the Rings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings313" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructing_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Constructing The Lord of the Rings">Constructing The Lord of the Rings</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Volumes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></li></ul></li> <li>Stories <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen" title="The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translating_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Translating The Lord of the Rings">Translating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="List of translations of The Lord of the Rings">List of translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_into_Swedish" title="Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reception <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxonmoot" title="Oxonmoot">Oxonmoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkienmoot" title="Tolkienmoot">Tolkienmoot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/60px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/90px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/120px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1824" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Ring" title="Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Poetry in The Lord of the Rings">Poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Elbereth_Gilthoniel" title="A Elbereth Gilthoniel">A Elbereth Gilthoniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam%C3%A1ri%C3%AB" title="Namárië">Namárië</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_E%C3%A4rendil" title="Song of Eärendil">Song of Eärendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late" title="The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late">The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On_(song)" title="The Road Goes Ever On (song)">The Road Goes Ever On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverbs_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Proverbs in The Lord of the Rings">Proverbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_to_power_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings">Addiction to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_allegiance_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Feudal allegiance in The Lord of the Rings">Feudal allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_race" title="Tolkien and race">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Sexuality in The Lord of the Rings">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Women in The Lord of the Rings">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Antiquarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth">Beowulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_devices_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary devices in The Lord of the Rings">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_pairing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Character pairing in The Lord of the Rings">Character pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_framing_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings">Editorial framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotranslation_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings">Pseudotranslation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impression_of_depth_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings">Impression of depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings">Narrative structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">Interlacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Storytelling in The Lord of the Rings">Storytelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Pooh" title="Epic Pooh">Epic Pooh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples#Free_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Free peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Merry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Wormtongue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-wight" title="Barrow-wight">Barrow-wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Willow" title="Old Man Willow">Old Man Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_in_the_Water" title="Watcher in the Water">Watcher in the Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Forest" title="Old Forest">Old Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helm%27s_Deep" title="Battle of Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Pelennor Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Morannon" title="Battle of the Morannon">Morannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Things</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliphaunt" title="Oliphaunt">Oliphaunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantírs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phial_of_Galadriel" title="Phial of Galadriel">Phial of Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errantry" title="Errantry">Errantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastitocalon_(poem)" title="Fastitocalon (poem)">Fastitocalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea-Bell" title="The Sea-Bell">The Sea-Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations_and_derivative_works341" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings">Adaptations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">derivative works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bored_of_the_Rings" title="Bored of the Rings">Bored of the Rings</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ringbearer" title="The Last Ringbearer">The Last Ringbearer</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddle_Earth" title="Muddle Earth">Muddle Earth</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Illustrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Remington" title="Barbara Remington">Barbara Remington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship!" title="Fellowship!">Fellowship!</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(musical)" title="The Lord of the Rings (musical)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_Inspired_by_Lord_of_the_Rings_(Bo_Hansson_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings (Bo Hansson album)">Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ramble_On" title="Ramble On">Ramble On</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountain_Hop" title="Misty Mountain Hop">Misty Mountain Hop</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Evermore" title="The Battle of Evermore">The Battle of Evermore</a>" (1971)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1955_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1979_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordes_of_the_Things_(radio_series)" title="Hordes of the Things (radio series)">Hordes of the Things</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1981_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (BBC, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Herr_der_Ringe" title="Der Herr der Ringe">Der Herr der Ringe</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Bakshi</a>, 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass</a>, 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenji_Kamiyama" title="Kenji Kamiyama">Kamiyama</a>, 2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peter Jackson series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbiton_Movie_Set" title="Hobbiton Movie Set">Hobbiton Movie Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_on_Film" title="Tolkien on Film">Tolkien on Film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagan_om_ringen_(1971_film)" title="Sagan om ringen (1971 film)">Sagan om ringen</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khraniteli" title="Khraniteli">Khraniteli</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobitit" title="Hobitit">Hobitit</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Rings of Power</a> (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan-made</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Gollum" title="The Hunt for Gollum">The Hunt for Gollum</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Journey_to_Rivendell" title="The Lord of the Rings: Journey to Rivendell">Journey to Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings:_Game_One" title="Lord of the Rings: Game One">Game One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadows_of_Mordor" title="Shadows of Mordor">Game Two: Shadows of Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Middle_Earth" title="War in Middle Earth">War in Middle Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1990_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)">Vol. I (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1994_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1994 video game)">Vol. I (SNES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_Riders_of_Rohan" title="J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan">Riders of Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elendor" title="Elendor">Elendor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._II:_The_Two_Towers" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers">Vol. II: The Two Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)">The Two Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)">The Return of the King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring">War of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age">The Third Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance_video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance video game)">Game Boy Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth">The Battle for Middle-earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II">The Battle for Middle-earth II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king">The Rise of the Witch-king</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest">Aragorn's Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North">War in the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor">Shadow of Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War">Shadow of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Gollum" title="The Lord of the Rings: Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Return_to_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria">Return to Moria</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online36" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" title="The Lord of the Rings Online">The Lord of the Rings Online</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mines_of_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria">Mines of Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Siege_of_Mirkwood" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood">Siege of Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Rise_of_Isengard" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard">Rise of Isengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Riders_of_Rohan" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan">Riders of Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Helm%27s_Deep" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mordor" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Minas_Morgul" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul">Minas Morgul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_War_of_Three_Peaks" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: War of Three Peaks">War of Three Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Fate_of_Gundabad" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad">Fate of Gundabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Before_the_Shadow" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Before the Shadow">Before the Shadow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabletop role- playing games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Role_Playing" title="Middle-earth Role Playing">Middle-earth Role Playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Roleplaying_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game">The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_One_Ring_Roleplaying_Game" title="The One Ring Roleplaying Game">The One Ring Roleplaying Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Middle-earth" title="Adventures in Middle-earth">Adventures in Middle-earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Earth_(board_game)" title="Middle Earth (board game)">Middle Earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(SPI_game)" title="War of the Ring (SPI game)">War of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor:_The_Siege_of_Minas_Tirith" title="Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith">Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron_(game)" title="Sauron (game)">Sauron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(board_game)" title="Lord of the Rings (board game)">Lord of the Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(board_game)" title="War of the Ring (board game)">War of the Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Card games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Middle-earth Collectible Card Game">Middle-earth Collectible Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Trading_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game">The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game">The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peter_Jackson96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Peter_Jackson" title="Template:Peter Jackson"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Peter_Jackson" title="Template talk:Peter Jackson"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Peter_Jackson" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Peter Jackson"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peter_Jackson96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Taste" title="Bad Taste">Bad Taste</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Feebles" title="Meet the Feebles">Meet the Feebles</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braindead_(film)" title="Braindead (film)">Braindead</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Creatures" title="Heavenly Creatures">Heavenly Creatures</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgotten_Silver" title="Forgotten Silver">Forgotten Silver</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frighteners" title="The Frighteners">The Frighteners</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lovely_Bones_(film)" title="The Lovely Bones (film)">The Lovely Bones</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_An_Unexpected_Journey" title="The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey">The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Desolation_of_Smaug" title="The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug">The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit:_The_Battle_of_the_Five_Armies" title="The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies">The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/They_Shall_Not_Grow_Old" title="They Shall Not Grow Old">They Shall Not Grow Old</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles:_Get_Back" title="The Beatles: Get Back">The Beatles: Get Back</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Now_and_Then_(Beatles_song)" title="Now and Then (Beatles song)">Now and Then</a>" (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(1976_film)" title="The Valley (1976 film)">The Valley</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_Line_(2008_film)" title="Crossing the Line (2008 film)">Crossing the Line</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Produced only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Stereos" title="Valley of the Stereos">Valley of the Stereos</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Brown_Genius" title="Jack Brown Genius">Jack Brown Genius</a> (1996, also writer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_9" title="District 9">District 9</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(film)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (film)">The Adventures of Tintin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_of_Memphis" title="West of Memphis">West of Memphis</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Engines_(film)" title="Mortal Engines (film)">Mortal Engines</a> (2018, also writer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WingNut_Films" title="WingNut Films">WingNut Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%93t%C4%81_Workshop" title="Wētā Workshop">Wētā Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%93t%C4%81_FX" title="Wētā FX">Wētā FX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Road_Post" title="Park Road Post">Park Road Post</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_unrealized_projects" title="Peter Jackson's unrealized projects">Peter Jackson's unrealized projects</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lord of the Rings (film series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit (film series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises_and_series362" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises" title="Template:Warner Bros. Discovery franchises"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises" title="Template talk:Warner Bros. Discovery franchises"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warner Bros. Discovery franchises"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises_and_series362" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a> franchises and series</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros. Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Ventura_(franchise)" title="Ace Ventura (franchise)">Ace Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice_(franchise)" title="Beetlejuice (franchise)">Beetlejuice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_(franchise)" title="Blade Runner (franchise)">Blade Runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cats_%26_Dogs_(film_series)" title="Cats & Dogs (film series)">Cats & Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory_(franchise)" title="Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (franchise)">Charlie and the Chocolate Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Cinderella_Story_(film_series)" title="A Cinderella Story (film series)">A Cinderella Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Family_Saga" title="Parker Family Saga">A Christmas Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_the_Titans_(film_series)" title="Clash of the Titans (film series)">Clash of the Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_Sea_(film_series)" title="Deep Blue Sea (film series)">Deep Blue Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(franchise)" title="The Shining (franchise)">The Shining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fugitive_(franchise)" title="The Fugitive (franchise)">The Fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremlins_(franchise)" title="Gremlins (franchise)">Gremlins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Harry_(film_series)" title="Dirty Harry (film series)">Dirty Harry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Willy_(franchise)" title="Free Willy (franchise)">Free Willy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hangover_(film_series)" title="The Hangover (film series)">The Hangover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_NeverEnding_Story_(film_series)" title="The NeverEnding Story (film series)">The NeverEnding Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethal_Weapon_(franchise)" title="Lethal Weapon (franchise)">Lethal Weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Boys_(franchise)" title="The Lost Boys (franchise)">The Lost Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist_(franchise)" title="The Exorcist (franchise)">The Exorcist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon%27s_Vacation_(film_series)" title="National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)">National Lampoon's Vacation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean%27s" title="Ocean's">Ocean's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Academy_(franchise)" title="Police Academy (franchise)">Police Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Country_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Country (film series)">Pure Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sisterhood_of_the_Traveling_Pants_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (film series)">The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizarding_World" title="Wizarding World">Wizarding World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)">Harry Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Beasts" title="Fantastic Beasts">Fantastic Beasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation" title="Warner Bros. Animation">Warner Bros. Animation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures_Animation" title="Warner Bros. Pictures Animation">Warner Bros. Pictures Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC_Animated_Universe" title="DC Animated Universe">DC Animated Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_Animated_Original_Movies" title="DC Universe Animated Original Movies">DC Universe Animated Original Movies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC_Animated_Movie_Universe" title="DC Animated Movie Universe">DC Animated Movie Universe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna-Barbera" title="Hanna-Barbera">Hanna-Barbera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonny_Quest" title="Jonny Quest">Jonny Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacky_Races" title="Wacky Races">Wacky Races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo_in_film" title="Scooby-Doo in film">Scooby-Doo! films</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Movie_(franchise)" title="The Lego Movie (franchise)">The Lego Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThunderCats" title="ThunderCats">ThunderCats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry" title="Tom and Jerry">Tom and Jerry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Line_Cinema" title="New Line Cinema">New Line Cinema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers" title="Austin Powers">Austin Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbershop_(franchise)" title="Barbershop (franchise)">Barbershop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(franchise)" title="Blade (franchise)">Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring_Universe" title="The Conjuring Universe">The Conjuring Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_(film_series)" title="Dungeons & Dragons (film series)">Dungeons & Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critters_(franchise)" title="Critters (franchise)">Critters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Destination" title="Final Destination">Final Destination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_in_film" title="Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles in film">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_(franchise)" title="Friday (franchise)">Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th_(franchise)" title="Friday the 13th (franchise)">Friday the 13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_(franchise)" title="The Mask (franchise)">The Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon:_An_American_Saga" title="Horizon: An American Saga">Horizon: An American Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lord of the Rings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(film_series)" title="Mortal Kombat (film series)">Mortal Kombat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumb_and_Dumber_(franchise)" title="Dumb and Dumber (franchise)">Dumb and Dumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_%26_Kumar" title="Harold & Kumar">Harold & Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Party_(franchise)" title="House Party (franchise)">House Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_(franchise)" title="A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)">A Nightmare on Elm Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Hour_(franchise)" title="Rush Hour (franchise)">Rush Hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poison_Ivy_(film_series)" title="Poison Ivy (film series)">Poison Ivy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_Networks" title="Warner Bros. Discovery Networks">Warner Bros. Discovery Networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment Group (<a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Television">Warner Bros. Television</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowverse" title="Arrowverse">Arrowverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_5_(franchise)" title="Babylon 5 (franchise)">Babylon 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island_(TV_franchise)" title="Treasure Island (TV franchise)">Treasure Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vampire_Diaries_Universe" title="The Vampire Diaries Universe">The Vampire Diaries Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_(franchise)" title="V (franchise)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westworld" title="Westworld">Westworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Cartoon_Network,_Inc." title="The Cartoon Network, Inc.">The Cartoon Network, Inc.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Time_(franchise)" title="Adventure Time (franchise)">Adventure Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_10" title="Ben 10">Ben 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bravo" title="Johnny Bravo">Johnny Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Powerpuff_Girls_(franchise)" title="The Powerpuff Girls (franchise)">The Powerpuff Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_and_Morty_(franchise)" title="Rick and Morty (franchise)">Rick and Morty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Vindicators" title="The Vindicators">The Vindicators</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_Global_Experiences" title="Warner Bros. Discovery Global Experiences">Warner Bros. Discovery Global Experiences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Games" title="Warner Bros. Games">Warner Bros. Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_based_on_DC_Comics" title="List of video games based on DC Comics">DC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampage_(franchise)" title="Rampage (franchise)">Rampage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_(video_game_series)" title="Rush (video game series)">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_51_(series)" title="Area 51 (series)">Area 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribblenauts" title="Scribblenauts">Scribblenauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetherRealm_Studios" title="NetherRealm Studios">NetherRealm Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injustice_(franchise)" title="Injustice (franchise)">Injustice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat" title="Mortal Kombat">Mortal Kombat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portkey_Games" title="Portkey Games">Portkey Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_video_games" title="Harry Potter video games">Harry Potter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocksteady_Studios" title="Rocksteady Studios">Rocksteady Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham" title="Batman: Arkham">Batman: Arkham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolith_Productions" title="Monolith Productions">Monolith Productions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F.E.A.R." title="F.E.A.R.">F.E.A.R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Middle-Earth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TT_Games" title="TT Games">TT Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lego_video_games" title="List of Lego video games">Lego</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(franchise)" title="Batman (franchise)">Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Extended_Universe" title="DC Extended Universe">DC Extended Universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaman_in_other_media" title="Aquaman in other media">Aquaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_in_other_media" title="Flash in other media">Flash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC_Universe_(franchise)" title="DC Universe (franchise)">DC Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Lantern_in_other_media" title="Green Lantern in other media">Green Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joker_in_other_media" title="Joker in other media">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_League_in_other_media" title="Justice League in other media">Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(franchise)" title="Superman (franchise)">Superman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_in_other_media" title="Wonder Woman in other media">Wonder Woman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._Discovery_franchises" title="Category:Warner Bros. Discovery franchises">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1422" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1422" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190214#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3324155105817376320007">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/293742176">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/196149294084480520577">3</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4664651-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2004006471">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14403455h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14403455h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=unn2006375057&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3070796">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561535705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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[\"CITEREFDavidson2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDellamorte2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemosthenes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalconer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoundas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGad2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaughan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiardina2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilliam2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilsdorf2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilsdorf2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilsdorf2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchinson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJennings2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohn2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurp2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaytum2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcWeeny2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeier2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendleson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordine2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Kane2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrizio2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPfeiffer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPohle_Jr.HartPohle_Baldwin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPonniah2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiding2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosebury2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRussell2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRérolle2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharf2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheperd2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShippey2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSibley\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSibley2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSibley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvetkey2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwaine2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTartaglione2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerence2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTimmons2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuran2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiss2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWloszczyna2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"AFI film\"] = 3,\n 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2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Peter Jackson\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 7,\n [\"Ref\"] = 19,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 7,\n [\"Sort grade\"] = 3,\n [\"Start date\"] = 6,\n [\"The Lord of the Rings\"] = 1,\n [\"Tooltip\"] = 2,\n [\"Use New Zealand English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Warner Bros. franchises\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n [\"Won\"] = 17,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","16.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","16.7"],["dataWrapper 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