CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Boilerplate (spaceflight) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"36d9a0cc-90b8-42d7-af00-df9a62252e44","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Boilerplate_(spaceflight)","wgTitle":"Boilerplate (spaceflight)","wgCurRevisionId":1256498163,"wgRevisionId":1256498163,"wgArticleId":5752529,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles with obsolete information from November 2024","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles to be expanded from May 2013", "All articles to be expanded","Test spaceflights","Apollo program","NASA programs","Project Gemini","Project Mercury","Spacecraft components"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Boilerplate_(spaceflight)","wgRelevantArticleId":5752529,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4938353","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg/800px-GeminiBP.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg/640px-GeminiBP.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Boilerplate (spaceflight) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Boilerplate_spaceflight rootpage-Boilerplate_spaceflight skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Boilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Boilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mercury_boilerplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercury_boilerplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mercury boilerplates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mercury_boilerplates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mercury boilerplates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mercury_boilerplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Notable events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Photos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gemini_boilerplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gemini_boilerplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gemini boilerplates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gemini_boilerplates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gemini boilerplates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gemini_boilerplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Photos_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photos_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Photos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photos_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_boilerplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_boilerplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Apollo boilerplates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Apollo_boilerplates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Apollo boilerplates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Apollo_boilerplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_escape_system_tests_(LES)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_escape_system_tests_(LES)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Launch escape system tests (LES)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_escape_system_tests_(LES)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boilerplate_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boilerplate_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Boilerplate tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boilerplate_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_Apollo_BP_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_Apollo_BP_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Specific Apollo BP units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_Apollo_BP_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BP-1101A" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1101A"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>BP-1101A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1101A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BP-1102A" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1102A"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>BP-1102A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1102A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BP-1210" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1210"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>BP-1210</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1210-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BP-1220/1228_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1220/1228_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>BP-1220/1228 Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1220/1228_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BP-1224" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1224"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4.1</span> <span>BP-1224</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1224-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BP-1227" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BP-1227"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4.2</span> <span>BP-1227</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BP-1227-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Module" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_Lunar_Module"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Apollo Lunar Module</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Module-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_Shuttle_boilerplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Shuttle_boilerplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Space Shuttle boilerplates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Space_Shuttle_boilerplates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Space Shuttle boilerplates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Space_Shuttle_boilerplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Facilities_Test_Article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities_Test_Article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Facilities Test Article</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities_Test_Article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structural_Test_Article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structural_Test_Article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Structural Test Article</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structural_Test_Article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prototype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prototype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Prototype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prototype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Approach_and_landing_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approach_and_landing_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Approach and landing tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approach_and_landing_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vibration_and_fit-check_tests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vibration_and_fit-check_tests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Vibration and fit-check tests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vibration_and_fit-check_tests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orion_boilerplate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orion_boilerplate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Orion boilerplate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Orion_boilerplate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Orion boilerplate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Orion_boilerplate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photos_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photos_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Photos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photos_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_spacecraft_boilerplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_spacecraft_boilerplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commercial spacecraft boilerplates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_spacecraft_boilerplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boilerplate (spaceflight)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_aeroespacial" title="Model aeroespacial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Model aeroespacial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulateur_de_masse_(astronautique)" title="Simulateur de masse (astronautique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Simulateur de masse (astronautique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EB%AF%B8_%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C" title="더미 페이로드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더미 페이로드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulator_muatan" title="Simulator muatan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simulator muatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boilerplate" title="Boilerplate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boilerplate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4938353#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&oldid=1256498163" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Boilerplate_%28spaceflight%29&id=1256498163&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoilerplate_%28spaceflight%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoilerplate_%28spaceflight%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Boilerplate_%28spaceflight%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4938353" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Boilerplate (disambiguation)">Boilerplate (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nonfunctional spacecraft or payload</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeminiBP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg/220px-GeminiBP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg/330px-GeminiBP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GeminiBP.jpg/440px-GeminiBP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Boilerplate version of <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini spacecraft</a> on display at <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Space_and_Missile_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Space and Missile Museum">Air Force Space and Missile Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, October 15, 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dynamic_Test_Stand_(29893074602).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg/220px-Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg/330px-Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg/440px-Dynamic_Test_Stand_%2829893074602%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The prototype Space Shuttle orbiter <i>Enterprise</i> in full boilerplate stack configuration with External Tank and SRBs ready to undergo vibration testing at the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center" title="Marshall Space Flight Center">Marshall Space Flight Center</a>, October 4, 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>boilerplate</b> spacecraft, also known as a <b>mass simulator</b>, is a nonfunctional craft or payload that is used to test various configurations and basic size, load, and handling characteristics of rocket <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a>. It is far less expensive to build multiple, full-scale, non-functional boilerplate <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> than it is to develop the full system (design, test, redesign, and launch). In this way, boilerplate spacecraft allow components and aspects of cutting-edge <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> projects to be tested while detailed contracts for the final project are being negotiated. These tests may be used to develop procedures for mating a spacecraft to its launch vehicle, emergency access and egress, maintenance support activities, and various transportation processes. </p><p>Boilerplate spacecraft are most commonly used to test crewed spacecraft; for example, in the early 1960s, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> performed many tests using boilerplate <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo spacecraft</a> atop <a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a> rockets, and <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury spacecraft</a> atop <a href="/wiki/Atlas_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas rocket">Atlas</a> rockets (for example <a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_1" title="Big Joe 1">Big Joe 1</a>). The engine-less <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise">Enterprise</a></i> was used as a boilerplate to test launch stack assembly and transport to the launch pad. NASA's now-canceled <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> and ongoing <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a> used boilerplate <a href="/wiki/Orion_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion spacecraft">Orion spacecraft</a> for various testing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mercury_boilerplates">Mercury boilerplates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mercury boilerplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mercury boilerplates were manufactured "in-house" by <a href="/wiki/NASA_Langley_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Langley Research Center">NASA Langley Research Center</a> technicians prior to <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Aircraft">McDonnell Aircraft</a> Company building the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury spacecraft">Mercury spacecraft</a>. The boilerplate capsules were designed and used to test spacecraft recovery systems, and escape tower and <a href="/wiki/Rocket_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket motor">rocket motors</a>. Formal tests were done on the test pad at Langley and at <a href="/wiki/Wallops_Island" title="Wallops Island">Wallops Island</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_(rocket)" title="Little Joe (rocket)">Little Joe</a> rockets.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>boilerplate</i> originated from the use of <a href="/wiki/Sheet_metal" title="Sheet metal">boilerplate</a> <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the construction of test articles/<a href="/wiki/Mock-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Mock-up">mock-ups</a>. Historically, during the development of the Little Joe series of 7 launch vehicles, there was only one actual boilerplate capsule and it was called such since its conical section was made of steel at the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Naval_Shipyard" title="Norfolk Naval Shipyard">Norfolk Naval Shipyard</a>. This capsule was used in a beach abort test, and then subsequently used in the <a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_1A" title="Little Joe 1A">LJ1A</a> flight. However, the term subsequently came to be used for all the <i>prototype</i> capsules (which in their own right were nearly as complicated as the orbital capsules). This usage was technically incorrect, as those other capsules were not made of boilerplate, but the <i>boilerplate</i> term had effectively been <a href="/wiki/Genericize" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericize">genericized</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_events">Notable events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Section sources.</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>1959 July 22 – First successful pad abort flight test with a functional escape tower attached to a Mercury boilerplate.</li> <li>1959 July 28 – A Mercury boilerplate with instrumentation to measure sound pressure levels and vibrations from the Little Joe test rocket and Grand Central abort rocket/escape tower.</li> <li>1959 September 9 – A Big Joe Atlas boilerplate Mercury (BJ-1) was successfully launched and flown from Cape Canaveral. This test flight was to determine the performance of the heat shield and heat transfer to the boilerplate, to observe flight dynamics of boilerplate during re-entry into the South Atlantic, to perform and evaluate capsule flotation and recovery system procedures, and to evaluate the entire capsule and rocket characters and system controls.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1960 May 9 – <a href="/wiki/Beach_Abort" title="Beach Abort">Beach Abort</a> test with a launch escape system was successful.</li> <li>1961 February 25 – A successful drop test of the Mercury boilerplate spacecraft fitted with impact skirt, straps and cables, and a heat shield.<sup id="cite_ref-Astronautix_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronautix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961 March 24 – A successful <a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_BD" title="Mercury-Redstone BD">Mercury-Redstone BD</a> (MR-3) launched occurred with an apogee of 181 km (112 mi); first sub-orbital uncrewed flight.<sup id="cite_ref-Astronautix_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astronautix-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photos">Photos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Photos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercuryBP.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercury Beach Abort test"><img alt="Mercury Beach Abort test" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MercuryBP.jpg/208px-MercuryBP.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MercuryBP.jpg/313px-MercuryBP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/MercuryBP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercury <a href="/wiki/Beach_Abort" title="Beach Abort">Beach Abort</a> test</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 143.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 141.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercuryBPparachuteTest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercury parachute test"><img alt="Mercury parachute test" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/MercuryBPparachuteTest.jpg/212px-MercuryBPparachuteTest.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/MercuryBPparachuteTest.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="382" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercury parachute test</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MercuryBPwaterTest.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercury flotation test"><img alt="Mercury flotation test" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/MercuryBPwaterTest.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="226" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mercury flotation test</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gemini_boilerplates">Gemini boilerplates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gemini boilerplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were seven specifically named Gemini boilerplates: BP-1, 2, 3, 3A, 4, 5 and 201.<sup id="cite_ref-Field-Gemini_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field-Gemini-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boilerplate 3A had functional doors and had multi-uses for testing watertightness, flotation collars, and egress procedures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other boilerplates were designated FA-1A, MSC 312, MSC 313 and MSC-307.<sup id="cite_ref-Field-Gemini_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field-Gemini-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photos_2">Photos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Photos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeminiBP3Amockup.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP3A at the McDonnell plant, St. Louis, Missouri"><img alt="BP3A at the McDonnell plant, St. Louis, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/GeminiBP3Amockup.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP3A at the McDonnell plant, <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 352.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeminiBPwaterTest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flotation and rescue test (Gemini Water Egress Trainer)"><img alt="Flotation and rescue test (Gemini Water Egress Trainer)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/GeminiBPwaterTest.jpg" decoding="async" width="351" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="154" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flotation and rescue test (Gemini Water Egress Trainer)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flotation and egress test (Gemini Static Article 5)"><img alt="Flotation and egress test (Gemini Static Article 5)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg/347px-Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg/520px-Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg/693px-Gemini_water_egress_training_-_GPN-2006-000029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5196" data-file-height="4050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flotation and egress test (Gemini Static Article 5)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 121.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 119.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MSC-307 at the USS Hornet Museum"><img alt="MSC-307 at the USS Hornet Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg/179px-USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg/268px-USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg/358px-USS_Hornet_Museum_-_0034.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1988" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">MSC-307 at the <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Hornet Museum">USS <i>Hornet</i> Museum</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apollo_boilerplates">Apollo boilerplates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Apollo boilerplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA created a variety of Apollo boilerplates.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_escape_system_tests_(LES)"><span id="Launch_escape_system_tests_.28LES.29"></span>Launch escape system tests (LES)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Launch escape system tests (LES)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apollo boilerplate command modules were used for tests of the <a href="/wiki/Launch_escape_system" title="Launch escape system">launch escape system</a> (LES) jettison tower rockets and procedures: </p> <ul><li>BP-6 with <a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test-1_(Apollo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pad Abort Test-1 (Apollo)">Pad Abort Test-1</a> – LES pad abort test from launch pad; with photo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>BP-23A with <a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test-2_(Apollo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pad Abort Test-2 (Apollo)">Pad Abort Test-2</a> – LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM; with photo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>BP-23 with Mission <a href="/wiki/A-002" title="A-002">A-002</a> Test Flight – LES test of canards, Oct. 29-Nov. 5, 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-LES_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LES-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-27 with LES-015 – Dynamic tests.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pad_abort_test_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-06, Apollo Pad Abort Test #1"><img alt="BP-06, Apollo Pad Abort Test #1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pad_abort_test_1.jpg/214px-Pad_abort_test_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pad_abort_test_1.jpg/321px-Pad_abort_test_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pad_abort_test_1.jpg/428px-Pad_abort_test_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-06, Apollo Pad Abort Test #1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-23, Apollo Pad Abort Test #2"><img alt="BP-23, Apollo Pad Abort Test #2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg/228px-Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg/342px-Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg/456px-Apollo_Pad_Abort_Test_-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-23, Apollo Pad Abort Test #2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 290px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 288px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-23A, displayed with SA-500D at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center"><img alt="BP-23A, displayed with SA-500D at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg/432px-Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg/648px-Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg/864px-Davidson_Center-27527-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-23A, displayed with SA-500D at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_V,_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_(Huntsville,_Alabama,_USA).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-27, on display atop the vertical Saturn V at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center"><img alt="BP-27, on display atop the vertical Saturn V at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg/280px-Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg/420px-Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg/560px-Saturn_V%2C_Davidson_Center_for_Space_Exploration_%28Huntsville%2C_Alabama%2C_USA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-27, on display atop the vertical Saturn V at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boilerplate_tests">Boilerplate tests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Boilerplate tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BP-1 – Water impact tests<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-2 – Flotation tests storage<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-3 – Parachute tests<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-6,-6B, – PA-1, later parachute drop test vehicle,<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and LES pad abort flight test to demonstrate launch escape system's pad-abort performance at White Sands Missile Range.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAapollo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-9 with mission <a href="/wiki/AS-105" title="AS-105">AS-105</a> (SA-10) test flight, Micro Meteoroid Dynamic Test; not recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-12 with mission <a href="/wiki/A-001" title="A-001">A-001</a> test flight, now at former NASA Facility, Downey, CA<sup id="cite_ref-LES_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LES-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to test the LES transonic abort flight performance at White Sands Missile Range.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAapollo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-13 with mission <a href="/wiki/AS-101" title="AS-101">AS-101</a> (SA-6) test flight, not recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-14 with <a href="/wiki/Environmental_control_system" title="Environmental control system">environmental control system</a> tests, Oct. 22–29, 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-LES_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LES-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisted of command module 14, service module 3, launch escape system 14, and Saturn launch adapters.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-15 with mission <a href="/wiki/AS-102" title="AS-102">AS-102</a> (SA-7) test flight, not recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-16 with mission <a href="/wiki/AS-103" title="AS-103">AS-103</a> (SA-9) test flight, another Micro Meteoroid test, not recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-19A – <a href="/wiki/VHF" class="mw-redirect" title="VHF">VHF</a> antenna, parachute drop tests;<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now at the Columbia Memorial Space Center (former NASA Facility, Downey, CA)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-22 with mission <a href="/wiki/A-003" title="A-003">A-003</a> test flight; boilerplate on display at Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-23 – LES high-dynamic-pressure abort flight performance tests at White Sands Missile Range.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAapollo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-23A – LES pad-abort flight performance tests with Canard, BPC, and major sequencing changes at White Sands Missile Range,<sup id="cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAapollo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now displayed with <a href="/wiki/SA-500D" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-500D">SA-500D</a> at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center" title="U.S. Space & Rocket Center">U.S. Space & Rocket Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-25 Command Module (CM) – Water recovery test, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Worth_Museum_of_Transportation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Worth Museum of Transportation (page does not exist)">Fort Worth Museum of Transportation</a><sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100408213449/http://nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19750737000">(See BP-25 photo)</a></li> <li>BP-26 with mission <a href="/wiki/AS-104" title="AS-104">AS-104</a> (SA-8) test flight – another micro meterioid test.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-27 command and service module with LES-16 – stack and engine gimbal test.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now on display atop the vertical Saturn V at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center" title="U.S. Space & Rocket Center">U.S. Space & Rocket Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USSRC-Flickr_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSRC-Flickr-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-28A – Impact tests<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-29 – Uprighting drop tests at <a href="/wiki/Downey,_California" title="Downey, California">Downey, CA</a>, Oct. 30, 1964, on display at <a href="/wiki/Barringer_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Barringer Crater">Barringer Crater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LES_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LES-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BP-30 – Swing arm tests; currently on display at Kennedy Space Center's Apollo/Saturn V Center.<sup id="cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 285.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:428-GX-K-50343_(25795600126).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-3"><img alt="BP-3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg/428px-428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg/642px-428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg/857px-428-GX-K-50343_%2825795600126%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1703" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-3</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 229.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 227.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-9"><img alt="BP-9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg/341px-Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg/511px-Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg/681px-Apollo_Capsule_installation_over_Pegasus-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-9</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-12"><img alt="BP-12" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg/190px-Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg/285px-Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Little_Joe_II_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-12</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-13"><img alt="BP-13" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg/211px-Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg/316px-Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg/422px-Saturn_SA6_on_launch_pad_view_from_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-13</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_sa-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-15"><img alt="BP-15" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Apollo_sa-7.jpg/246px-Apollo_sa-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Apollo_sa-7.jpg/369px-Apollo_sa-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Apollo_sa-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-15</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-16"><img alt="BP-16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif/114px-Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif" decoding="async" width="76" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif/172px-Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif/229px-Saturn_I_with_Pegasus_1_1965-02-16.gif 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-16</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-26"><img alt="BP-26" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg/216px-Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg/324px-Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg/432px-Saturn_SA8_launch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-26</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 239.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 237.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-29"><img alt="BP-29" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg/356px-Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg/534px-Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg/712px-Apollo_Boiler_Plate_29_at_Meteor_Crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5291" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-29</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida-saturnv-apollo-568307-l.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-30"><img alt="BP-30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Florida-saturnv-apollo-568307-l.jpg/360px-Florida-saturnv-apollo-568307-l.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Florida-saturnv-apollo-568307-l.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-30</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_Apollo_BP_units">Specific Apollo BP units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Specific Apollo BP units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BP-1101A">BP-1101A</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BP-1101A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BP-1101A was used in numerous tests to develop spacecraft recovery equipment and procedures. Specifically, 1101A tested the air bags as part of the uprighting procedure when the Apollo lands upside down in the water. The sequence of the bags inflating caused the capsule to roll and upright itself.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This McDonnell boilerplate is now on loan to the <a href="/wiki/Wings_Over_the_Rockies_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum">Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denver, Colorado, from the Smithsonian. BP-1101A has an external painted marking of AP.5. Examination of the interior in 2006 revealed large heavy steel ingots.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After further research, a new paint scheme was applied in June 2007. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BP1101Afront.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="BP1101A AP5, front view, Wings Museum, 2006"><img alt="BP1101A AP5, front view, Wings Museum, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BP1101Afront.JPG/360px-BP1101Afront.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BP1101Afront.JPG/540px-BP1101Afront.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/BP1101Afront.JPG/720px-BP1101Afront.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP1101A AP5, front view, <a href="/wiki/Wings_Over_the_Rockies_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum">Wings Museum</a>, 2006</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BP1101Aside1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="BP1101A AP5, side view"><img alt="BP1101A AP5, side view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BP1101Aside1.JPG/360px-BP1101Aside1.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BP1101Aside1.JPG/540px-BP1101Aside1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/BP1101Aside1.JPG/720px-BP1101Aside1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP1101A AP5, side view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New paint scheme, June 2007"><img alt="New paint scheme, June 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg/360px-BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg/540px-BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg/720px-BP1101AnewpaintWingsMuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New paint scheme, June 2007</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BP-1102A">BP-1102A</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: BP-1102A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BP-1102 was used for water egress trainer for all Apollo flights, including by the crew of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, the first lunar landing mission. It was also adapted for mock-up interior components and used by astronauts to practice routine and emergency exits from the spacecraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was then modified again where the interior was set up to be configured either as Apollo/Soyuz or a proposed five-person <a href="/wiki/Skylab_Rescue" title="Skylab Rescue">Skylab Rescue</a> vehicle. With these two conversions, astronauts could train for those special missions. It was finally transferred from NASA to the Smithsonian in 1977, and is displayed now at the <a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Udvar-Hazy_Center" title="Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar-Hazy Center</a> with the flotation collar and bags that were attached to <i><a href="/wiki/Command_Module_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Command Module Columbia">Columbia</a></i> (the Apollo 11 Command Module) at the end of its historic mission.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-1102 during Apollo 7 water egress training"><img alt="BP-1102 during Apollo 7 water egress training" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg/380px-Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg/570px-Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg/760px-Apollo_7_crew_during_water_egress_training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6724" data-file-height="4776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-1102 during Apollo 7 water egress training</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 274.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 272.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_(S69-34967).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-1102 during Apollo 11 water egress training"><img alt="BP-1102 during Apollo 11 water egress training" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg/409px-Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="273" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg/613px-Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg/818px-Apollo_Boilerplate_1102_during_Apollo_11_water_egress_training_%28S69-34967%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7538" data-file-height="4980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-1102 during Apollo 11 water egress training</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BP-1102 on display at the National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center."><img alt="BP-1102 on display at the National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg/405px-20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg/608px-20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg/810px-20180328_Apollo_boilerplate_Udvar-Hazy_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">BP-1102 on display at the National Air and Space Museum Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BP-1210">BP-1210</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: BP-1210"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum,_Weatherford,_OK,_US_(146).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg/220px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg/330px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg/440px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%28146%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>BP-1210</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AS08-16-2583.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AS08-16-2583.jpg/220px-AS08-16-2583.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AS08-16-2583.jpg/330px-AS08-16-2583.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/AS08-16-2583.jpg/440px-AS08-16-2583.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Apollo 8 <a href="/wiki/S-IVB" title="S-IVB">S-IVB</a> rocket stage shortly after separation. The LM test article, a circular boilerplate model of the LM is visible with four triangular legs connecting it to the stage.</figcaption></figure> <p>BP-1210 was used in landing and recovery training and to test flotation devices. It is on display outside the <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum" title="Stafford Air & Space Museum">Stafford Air & Space Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BP-1220/1228_Series"><span id="BP-1220.2F1228_Series"></span>BP-1220/1228 Series</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: BP-1220/1228 Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The purpose of this series design was to simulate the weight and other external physical characteristics of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Command/Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Command/Service Module">command module</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Prototypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototypes">prototypes</a> were in the 9000 lb range for both laboratory water tanks and ocean tests. The experiments tested flotation collars, collar installations, and buoyancy characteristics. The Navy trained their recovery personnel for ocean collar installation and shipboard retrieval procedures. These boilerplates rarely had internal equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100417080928/http://web.mac.com/jimgerard/AFGAS/pages/apollo/ap-ncmls.html">See BP-1220 photo.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="BP-1224">BP-1224</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: BP-1224"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BP-1224 was a component-level flammability-test program to test for design decisions on selection and application of non-metallic materials. Boilerplate configuration comparisons with command and service module 2TV-1 and 101 were performed by North American. The NASA review board decided on February 5, 1967, that the boilerplate configuration had determined a reasonable "worst case" configuration, after more than 1,000 tests were performed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719140432/http://web.mac.com/jimgerard/AFGAS/pages/apollo/BP-1224.html">See BP-1224 photo set.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="BP-1227">BP-1227</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: BP-1227"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Details regarding this test capsule are not clear, but most likely it was lost at sea somewhere between the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> in early 1969, and recovered in June 1969 off Gibraltar by the Soviet fishing trawler <i>Apatit</i> (possibly a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Spy_ship" title="Spy ship">spy ship</a> disguised as such, which was commonplace during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> transferred to the port of <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> in the Soviet Union, and returned to the US in September 1970 by the <a href="/wiki/USCGC_Southwind" title="USCGC Southwind">USCGC <i>Southwind</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SovietRecovery_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SovietRecovery-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now located in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Rapids">Grand Rapids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Time_capsule" title="Time capsule">time capsule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520095510/http://web.mac.com/jimgerard/AFGAS/images/apollo/grrapids/grrapidslg.jpg">BP-1227 photo</a>. The only certainties about this capsule are that it was returned to the United States at Murmansk early in September 1970 during a visit by the USCG <i>Southwind</i> who returned it to the Naval Air Station, Norfolk, Virginia. There it remained until title was passed to the Smithsonian in April 1976 when it was passed on to Grand Rapids, Michigan to serve as a time capsule. Two official sources – the US Navy and the US Coast Guard – both say that it was lost by an ARRS (Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Squadron) unit training in recovery procedures. A contemporary account of its return quotes a NASA spokesman as saying, " ... as far as NASA can determine the object... the Navy lost two years ago." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apollo_Lunar_Module">Apollo Lunar Module</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Apollo Lunar Module"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Lunar Module (LM) boilerplate, the LM test article, was launched with <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> to simulate the correct weight and balance of the LM which was not ready for the flight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_Shuttle_boilerplates">Space Shuttle boilerplates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Space Shuttle boilerplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:412px;max-width:412px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:225px;max-width:225px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Facilities test article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg/223px-Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg/335px-Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg/446px-Space_Shuttle_Orbiter_model_Pathfinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="827" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder">facilities test mockup</a> is used to test the <a href="/wiki/Mate-Demate_Device" title="Mate-Demate Device">Mate-Demate Device</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Landing_Facility" title="Shuttle Landing Facility">Shuttle Landing Facility</a> in Florida</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Structural test article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg/181px-Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg/272px-Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_as_STA-099.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Structural Test Article</a> undergoing tests at the <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell</a> facility in California</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OV-101_first_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OV-101_first_flight.jpg/220px-OV-101_first_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OV-101_first_flight.jpg/330px-OV-101_first_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/OV-101_first_flight.jpg/440px-OV-101_first_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption><i>Enterprise</i> is jettisoned from the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">SCA</a> during the first free-flight of the Approach and Landing Test programme</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:343px;max-width:343px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:146px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand,_view_from_below.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enterprise lowered into Test Stand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif/lossy-page1-116px-Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif/lossy-page1-174px-Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif/lossy-page1-232px-Enterprise_lowered_into_test_stand%2C_view_from_below.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4578" data-file-height="5789" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:146px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enterprise at KSC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg/116px-Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg/174px-Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg/232px-Enterprise_KSC_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="2314" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:146px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Enterprise at Vandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg/99px-Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg/149px-Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg/198px-Enterprise_at_Vandenberg_AFB_SCL-6_with_access_tower_and_launch_mount_-_DF-ST-86-09429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a> in boilerplate configuration;<br /> Left - <i>Enterprise</i> is lowered into the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V_dynamic_test_stand" title="Saturn V dynamic test stand">Dynamic Structural Test Facility</a> for the Mated Ground Vibration Tests<br />Center - <i>Enterprise</i> is mated with <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">ET</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">SRBs</a> to undertake fit-check tests at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">KSC Pad 39A</a><br />Right - <i>Enterprise</i> with ET and SRBs in fit-check tests at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Launch_Complex_6" title="Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 6">SLC-6</a></div></div></div></div> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a>, a number of boilerplate vehicles were constructed using various materials to undertake key tests of procedures, infrastructure and other elements that would take place during a Shuttle mission. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities_Test_Article">Facilities Test Article</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Facilities Test Article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center" title="Marshall Space Flight Center">Marshall Space Flight Center</a> (MSFC) constructed a <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder">simple steel and wood orbiter mockup</a> to be used in fit check activities for various elements of the infrastructure needed to support the Space Shuttle, including roadway clearances and crane capabilities, as well as for testing in various buildings and structures used as part of the program, both at the MSFC and at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>. The mockup was designed to be the approximate size, shape and weight of an actual orbiter, and allowed these initial tests to be undertaken without using the far more expensive and delicate prototype orbiter, <i>Enterprise</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ht080612_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ht080612-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following its use as a test article, the mockup was stored until 1983, when it was refurbished and modified to more closely resemble an actual orbiter, before being displayed in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1st100_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st100-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structural_Test_Article">Structural Test Article</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Structural Test Article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Structural Test Article</a> was built as a test vehicle intended for use in initial vibration testing to simulate entire flights.<sup id="cite_ref-Lardas_2012_36_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lardas_2012_36-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The STA was built as essentially a complete orbiter airframe, but with a mockup of the crew compartment installed, and the <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> only fitted to the forward fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The simulation testing of the STA was undertaken over the course of eleven months following its rollout in February 1978; at the time, it was intended that the prototype orbiter <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a> would be converted into a full flight ready model, but the cost of undertaking this work, along with a number of design changes that had taken place between <i>Enterprise</i> being rolled out, and the final construction of the first operational orbiter, <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a>, meant that it was decided instead to upgrade the STA into a flight model. This began following the end of the STA testing in January 1979, with the completed orbiter, named as <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Challenger</a></i>, rolled out in June 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-Lardas_2012_36_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lardas_2012_36-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prototype">Prototype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Prototype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approach_and_landing_tests">Approach and landing tests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Approach and landing tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">Approach and Landing Tests</a></div> <p>In January 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">orbiter</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Enterprise" title="Space Shuttle Enterprise"><i>Enterprise</i></a> was delivered to <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> for the beginning of its overall test programme, which would encompass flight tests, fit-check and procedures testing of the orbiter, its systems, the facilities and procedures required to launch, fly and land the spacecraft safely. During 1977, <i>Enterprise</i> was used in what was called the <b>Approach and Landing Tests</b> programme of testing, which encompassed mating the orbiter to the <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Carrier_Aircraft" title="Shuttle Carrier Aircraft">Shuttle Carrier Aircraft</a>, a modified <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> to test the taxiing and flight characteristics of the Orbiter / SCA combination. This included flights of the combination in which <i>Enterprise</i> itself was powered up and crewed, to test crew procedures systems in flight, and finally a set of five so-called "free-flights", with <i>Enterprise</i> jettisoned from the SCA at altitude to land on its own, testing the orbiter's own flying and handling characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vibration_and_fit-check_tests">Vibration and fit-check tests</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Vibration and fit-check tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1978, following its use in flight tests during the <a href="/wiki/Approach_and_Landing_Tests" title="Approach and Landing Tests">ALT program</a>, <i>Enterprise</i> was taken to the MSFC in <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a> for use in the Mated Vertical Ground Vibration Test. This would see <i>Enterprise</i> mated to an empty <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">External Tank</a> and dummy <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster" title="Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster">Solid Rocket Boosters</a>, creating a boilerplate version of the complete Space Shuttle stack for the first time. Inside the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V_dynamic_test_stand" title="Saturn V dynamic test stand">Dynamic Structural Test Facility</a> at the MSFC, the stack was subjected to a series of vibration tests simulating the various stages that it would be subjected to during launch.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following its use at Huntsville, <i>Enterprise</i> was then taken to the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in Florida, where she was again used in full boilerplate configuration to this time test the procedures of assembling and transporting the stack from the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a>, as well as procedures required upon its arrival at the launch pad.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, <i>Enterprise</i> was used again for this purpose, this time with the boilerplate configuration used to test the Air Force shuttle facilities at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a>, including a full mating on the <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB_Space_Launch_Complex_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 6">SLC-6</a> launch pad.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orion_boilerplate">Orion boilerplate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Orion boilerplate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">factual accuracy</a> may be compromised due to out-of-date information</b>. The reason given is: This article talks about new technology in 2006, stuff has advanced and the information is outdated and some if it is wrong..<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The construction of the first Orion boilerplate,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a basic mockup <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> to test the assembling sequences and launch procedures at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley Research Center</a> while Lockheed aerospace engineers assemble the first rocket motors for the spacecraft's escape tower. The first boilerplate went to <a href="/wiki/Dryden_Flight_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryden Flight Research Center">Dryden Flight Research Center</a> at Edwards, California, for integration of Lockheed's avionics and NASA's developmental flight instrumentation<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prior to shipment to New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a> for the first Orion <a href="/wiki/Pad_abort_test" title="Pad abort test">pad abort test</a> (PA-1) in 2009. On November 20, 2008 a complete test of the abort rockets took place in Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PA-1 is the first of the six test events in Orion Abort Flight Test subproject. <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> Corp. was awarded the contract to build Orion on August 31, 2006.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other boilerplates would be used to test thermal, electromagnetic, audio, mechanical vibration conditions and research studies. These tests for the Orion spacecraft would be done at Plum Brook Station in the agency's Ohio-based <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Research_Center" title="Glenn Research Center">Glenn Research Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photos_3">Photos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Photos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orion full size boilerplate getting its first coat of paint"><img alt="Orion full size boilerplate getting its first coat of paint" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg/360px-OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg/539px-OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg/719px-OrionBPpaintatDryden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2997" data-file-height="2251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orion full size boilerplate getting its first coat of paint</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painted at Dryden Research Center"><img alt="Painted at Dryden Research Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg/364px-Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg/546px-Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg/729px-Orion_PA-1_paint_job.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painted at Dryden Research Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ready for testing"><img alt="Ready for testing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg/358px-Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg/537px-Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg/716px-Cev_mockup_svmf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ready for testing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 273.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 271.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_water_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navy-built, 18,000-pound Orion mock-up in a test pool at the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division in West Bethesda, Maryland"><img alt="Navy-built, 18,000-pound Orion mock-up in a test pool at the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division in West Bethesda, Maryland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orion_water_test.jpg/407px-Orion_water_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orion_water_test.jpg/610px-Orion_water_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Orion_water_test.jpg/813px-Orion_water_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="638" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navy-built, 18,000-pound Orion mock-up in a test pool at the Naval Surface Warfare Center's Carderock Division in West Bethesda, Maryland</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_spacecraft_boilerplates">Commercial spacecraft boilerplates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Commercial spacecraft boilerplates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png/220px-Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png/330px-Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png/440px-Cygnus_mass_simulator_-_side_view.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Mass_Simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus Mass Simulator">Cygnus Mass Simulator</a> side view</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2010s, several commercially designed <a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">space capsules</a> used boilerplate units on the initial launches of new <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a>. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Spacecraft_Qualification_Unit" title="Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit">Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit</a> was a boilerplate unit launched to orbit on the maiden flight of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> rocket, on June 4, 2010. It was built to the outer mold line (OML) and mass distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon spacecraft">Dragon spacecraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sx20100610_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sx20100610-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Mass_Simulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Cygnus Mass Simulator">Cygnus Mass Simulator</a> was a boilerplate capsule launched to orbit on the <a href="/wiki/Antares_A-ONE" title="Antares A-ONE">maiden flight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares rocket</a> on April 21, 2013. It was built to outer mold line and mass distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus spacecraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OSSlideBriefing_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSSlideBriefing-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs20130421_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs20130421-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy_Test_Flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon Heavy Test Flight">maiden flight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> launch vehicle on February 6, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> used <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk%27s_Tesla_Roadster" title="Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster">his Tesla Roadster</a> as a dummy payload with a mannequin driver, which was sent to a <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">heliocentric</a> <a href="/wiki/Elliptical_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptical orbit">elliptical orbit</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphelion">aphelion</a> of 2.6 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Unit">AU</a> by the second stage.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Apollo">Project Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DemoSat" title="DemoSat">DemoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battleship_(rocketry)" title="Battleship (rocketry)">Battleship (rocketry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_Docking_Simulator" title="Rendezvous Docking Simulator">Rendezvous Docking Simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder">Space Shuttle <i>Pathfinder</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Abort_Test_Booster" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Abort Test Booster">Orion Abort Test Booster</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grin.hq.nasa.gov/BROWSE/mercury_program.html">NASA Mercury History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127082922/http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/BROWSE/mercury_program.html">Archived</a> January 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Sections #44 and #47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001731.html">Mercury Project Boilerplates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107042134/http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001731.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-003008.html">Little Joe Rockets with Boilerplates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070802035946/http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-003008.html">Archived</a> August 2, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">i.e. <a href="/wiki/Sheet_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheet steel">sheet steel</a> typically used to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109100224/http://www.astronautix.com/m/mercury.html">Mercury Boilerplate Tests</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p2a.htm">NASA History Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p2a.htm">NASA History Chronology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astronautix-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Astronautix_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Astronautix_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228014700/http://astronautix.com/1/1961chronology.html">Astronautix Chronology – Quarter 1 1961</a> at <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Astronautica" title="Encyclopedia Astronautica">Encyclopedia Astronautica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Field-Gemini-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Field-Gemini_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Field-Gemini_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGerard2014" class="citation web cs1">Gerard, Jim (2014-07-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanspacecraft.com/pages/gemini/index.html">"Gemini Spacecraft"</a>. <i>A Field Guide to American Spacecraft</i>. US<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Field+Guide+to+American+Spacecraft&rft.atitle=Gemini+Spacecraft&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft.aulast=Gerard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanspacecraft.com%2Fpages%2Fgemini%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skytamer.com/Apollo_Boilerplate.html">"Apollo BP-19 Boilerplate Spacecraft Test Unit"</a>. <i>www.skytamer.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skytamer.com&rft.atitle=Apollo+BP-19+Boilerplate+Spacecraft+Test+Unit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skytamer.com%2FApollo_Boilerplate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LES-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LES_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LES_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LES_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LES_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810060126/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/v3a.htm">"NASA History Apollo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/v3a.htm">the original</a> on 2007-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+History+Apollo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Foffice%2Fpao%2FHistory%2FSP-4009%2Fv3a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LJSCreport-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LJSCreport_11-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://klabs.org/history/history_docs/mit_docs/1690.pdf">LJSC: <i>Apollo/SkylabB ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items</i></a>, Final Report, March, 1978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASAapollo-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAapollo_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4009/v4app8.htm">NASA Apollo History Vol. IV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613203603/http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_9903673">"Long Beach Press Telegram article 7/16/2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_9903673">the original</a> on 2011-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long+Beach+Press+Telegram+article+7%2F16%2F2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presstelegram.com%2Fnews%2Fci_9903673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790078425_1979078425.pdf">Little Joe II Mission A-003 / BP-22 – April 1965 (PDF)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USSRC-Flickr-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USSRC-Flickr_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23673920@N05/sets/72157603907924654/">"Saturn V"</a>. U.S. Space & Rocket Center. February 14, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturn+V&rft.pub=U.S.+Space+%26+Rocket+Center&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F23673920%40N05%2Fsets%2F72157603907924654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles A. Biggs Sr., Chief, Special Activities Section, Special Event Office, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, letter dated July 1, 1975. Files of Wings Museum, Denver, CO.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wingsmuseum.org/">Wings Over the Rockies Air & Space Museum</a> Official Site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lance Barber, Curator of Military Aircraft, Wings Over the Rockies Air & Space Museum, Denver, CO.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19800160000">Smithsonian NASM: <i>Apollo Boilerplate</i> </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100408163721/http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19800160000">Archived</a> April 8, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://staffordmuseum.org/exhibits/">Stafford Museum exhibits\</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/dsh/artifacts/HS-ApolloBoilerplate.htm">Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum</a> BP-1228 Photo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210031650/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/dsh/artifacts/HS-ApolloBoilerplate.htm">Archived</a> December 10, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4009/v4p2i.htm">NASA: Apollo BP-1224</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Southwind1944.asp">"USCGC Southwind, 1944 WAG/ WAGB-280 (ex-Admiral Makarov; ex-Atka)"</a>. <i>United States Coast Guard Historian's Office</i>. U.S. Department of Homeland Security DHS Office of Inspector General. February 27, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Coast+Guard+Historian%27s+Office&rft.atitle=USCGC+Southwind%2C+1944+WAG%2F+WAGB-280+%28ex-Admiral+Makarov%3B+ex-Atka%29&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhistory%2Fwebcutters%2FSouthwind1944.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPugh" class="citation web cs1">Pugh, Eddie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jonessite.net/upload/LRD/stories/1227withpics.pdf">"NASA's Lost Boilerplate – The Story of BP-1227"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jones site</i>. Landing and Recovery Division – Gemini and Apollo Programs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jones+site&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Lost+Boilerplate+%E2%80%93+The+Story+of+BP-1227&rft.aulast=Pugh&rft.aufirst=Eddie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jonessite.net%2Fupload%2FLRD%2Fstories%2F1227withpics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allempires.com/forum/printer_friendly_posts.asp?TID=5321">"Modern History: Soviets Recovered an Apollo Capsule!"</a>. <i>All Empires Online History Community</i>. Web Wiz. August 30, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+Empires+Online+History+Community&rft.atitle=Modern+History%3A+Soviets+Recovered+an+Apollo+Capsule%21&rft.date=2005-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allempires.com%2Fforum%2Fprinter_friendly_posts.asp%3FTID%3D5321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЕрмолаев2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ермолаев, Дмитрий (February 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mvestnik.ru/society/pid201502285l/">"Космический улов"</a> [Space catch]. <i>Мурманский вестник</i> (in Russian). Russia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.aulast=%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvestnik.ru%2Fsociety%2Fpid201502285l%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SovietRecovery-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SovietRecovery_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2008" class="citation web cs1">Wade, Mark (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102170853/http://astronautix.com/articles/sovpsule.htm">"Soviets Recovered an Apollo Capsule!"</a>. Astronautix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/articles/sovpsule.htm">the original</a> on January 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soviets+Recovered+an+Apollo+Capsule%21&rft.pub=Astronautix&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Farticles%2Fsovpsule.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520100145/http://web.mac.com/jimgerard/AFGAS/pages/apollo/BP-1227.html">Current Location</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/apollo/hrst/archive/1690.pdf">"Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle orbiter major end items"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). NASA JSC. March 1978. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo%2FSkylab+ASTP+and+Shuttle+orbiter+major+end+items&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=NASA+JSC&rft.date=1978-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fapollo%2Fhrst%2Farchive%2F1690.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ht080612-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ht080612_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKesner2008" class="citation news cs1">Kesner, Kenneth (June 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111204110818/http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F1213262148157410.xml&coll=1">"Shuttle mockup undergoes repairs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huntsville_Times" title="The Huntsville Times">The Huntsville Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1213262148157410.xml&coll=1">the original</a> on December 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huntsville+Times&rft.atitle=Shuttle+mockup+undergoes+repairs&rft.date=2008-06-12&rft.aulast=Kesner&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al.com%2Fnews%2Fhuntsvilletimes%2Findex.ssf%3F%2Fbase%2Fnews%2F1213262148157410.xml%26coll%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1st100-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1st100_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2001" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Dennis R. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spaceshuttlehist0000jenk"><i>Space shuttle: the history of the National Space Transportation System: the first 100 missions</i></a></span>. US: Midland Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spaceshuttlehist0000jenk/page/215">215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1857801163" title="Special:BookSources/978-1857801163"><bdi>978-1857801163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+shuttle%3A+the+history+of+the+National+Space+Transportation+System%3A+the+first+100+missions&rft.place=US&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Midland+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1857801163&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Dennis+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspaceshuttlehist0000jenk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lardas_2012_36-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lardas_2012_36_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lardas_2012_36_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLardas2012" class="citation book cs1">Lardas, Mark (2012). <i>Space Shuttle Launch System: 1972–2004</i>. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Shuttle+Launch+System%3A+1972%E2%80%932004&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Lardas&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2007" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Ben (2007). <i>Space Shuttle Challenger: Ten Journeys Into the Unknown</i>. Praxis Publishing. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-46355-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-46355-1"><bdi>978-0-387-46355-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space+Shuttle+Challenger%3A+Ten+Journeys+Into+the+Unknown&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Praxis+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-46355-1&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerlin2011" class="citation web cs1">Merlin, Peter (11 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027004035/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/flyout/approach_landing.html">"NASA Dryden and the Space Shuttles"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/flyout/approach_landing.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+Dryden+and+the+Space+Shuttles&rft.date=2011-07-11&rft.aulast=Merlin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fshuttle%2Fflyout%2Fapproach_landing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=3544">NASA Marshall Space Flight Center: <i>Enterprise</i> Boilerplate Tests<i></i></a><i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061115215806/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=3544">Archived</a> November 15, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://images.ksc.nasa.gov/photos/1979/captions/KSC-79PC-0274.html">NASA Kennedy Space Center: <i>Enterprise</i> on Launch Pad 39A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124130246/http://images.ksc.nasa.gov/photos/1979/captions/KSC-79PC-0274.html">Archived</a> 2007-11-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html">NASA: <i>OV-101 Vertical Tests</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326061638/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/shuttle/resources/orbiters/enterprise.html">Archived</a> March 26, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/40-years-ago-space-shuttle-enterprise-rolls-to-the-pad">"40 Years Ago: Space Shuttle Enterprise rolls to the Pad"</a>. <i>nasa.gov</i>. NASA. 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nasa.gov&rft.atitle=40+Years+Ago%3A+Space+Shuttle+Enterprise+rolls+to+the+Pad&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2F40-years-ago-space-shuttle-enterprise-rolls-to-the-pad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115010655/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/mockup.html">"NASA: <i>Orion mockup</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/mockup.html">the original</a> on 2021-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3A+Orion+mockup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fconstellation%2Forion%2Fmockup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928123023/http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/conference2006/pdfs/061201-0900-Petersen.pdf">"NASA Centers in California: Keys to the Future"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. California Space Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.californiaspaceauthority.org/conference2006/pdfs/061201-0900-Petersen.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Centers+in+California%3A+Keys+to+the+Future&rft.pub=California+Space+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.californiaspaceauthority.org%2Fconference2006%2Fpdfs%2F061201-0900-Petersen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210408073545/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/las_nov08.html">"NASA: Constellation Abort Test Nov 2008"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/las_nov08.html">the original</a> on 2021-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%3A+Constellation+Abort+Test+Nov+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fconstellation%2Forion%2Flas_nov08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071128061824/http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/184002main_wsmr_las_EA.pdf">"Environmental Assessment for NASA Launch Abort System (LAS) Test Activities at the U.S. Army White Sands Missile Range, NM FINAL"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/184002main_wsmr_las_EA.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environmental+Assessment+for+NASA+Launch+Abort+System+%28LAS%29+Test+Activities+at+the+U.S.+Army+White+Sands+Missile+Range%2C+NM+FINAL&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpdf%2F184002main_wsmr_las_EA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/next_cev_050209.html">"A Spiral Stairway to the Moon and Beyond"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>. 2005-02-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101026205040/https://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/next_cev_050209.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=A+Spiral+Stairway+to+the+Moon+and+Beyond&rft.date=2005-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fbusinesstechnology%2Ftechnology%2Fnext_cev_050209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sx20100610-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sx20100610_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617022442/http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=20100607">"SpaceX Achieves Orbital Bullseye With Inaugural Flight of Falcon 9 Rocket: A major win for NASA's plan to use commercial rockets for astronaut transport"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>. June 7, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacex.com/press.php?page=20100607">the original</a> on 2011-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpaceX+Achieves+Orbital+Bullseye+With+Inaugural+Flight+of+Falcon+9+Rocket%3A+A+major+win+for+NASA%27s+plan+to+use+commercial+rockets+for+astronaut+transport&rft.pub=SpaceX&rft.date=2010-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacex.com%2Fpress.php%3Fpage%3D20100607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSSlideBriefing-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OSSlideBriefing_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orbital.com/Antares-Cygnus/files/Pre-Launch-Guest-Briefing.pdf">"Antares Test Launch "A-ONE Mission" Overview Briefing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Orbital Sciences. April 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antares+Test+Launch+%22A-ONE+Mission%22+Overview+Briefing&rft.pub=Orbital+Sciences&rft.date=2013-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orbital.com%2FAntares-Cygnus%2Ffiles%2FPre-Launch-Guest-Briefing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs20130421-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbs20130421_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood2013" class="citation news cs1">Harwood, William (April 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/antares-rocket-climbs-into-space-on-maiden-flight/">"Antares rocket climbs into space on maiden flight"</a>. <i>CBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Antares+rocket+climbs+into+space+on+maiden+flight&rft.date=2013-04-21&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fantares-rocket-climbs-into-space-on-maiden-flight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceflight101.com/falcon-heavy-launch-preview/">"Preview: SpaceX Set to Debut Falcon Heavy Rocket via Long-Awaited Shakedown Flight"</a>. <i>Spaceflight101</i>. 6 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceflight101&rft.atitle=Preview%3A+SpaceX+Set+to+Debut+Falcon+Heavy+Rocket+via+Long-Awaited+Shakedown+Flight&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflight101.com%2Ffalcon-heavy-launch-preview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusk" class="citation web cs1">Musk, Elon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/961083704230674438/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fembed.24liveblog.com%2F%3Feid%3Dce7cda6cf52f11e78af2f23c919295de%26self%3D0%26theme%3D0%23%2F">"Third burn successful. Exceeded Mars orbit and kept going to the Asteroid Belt"</a>. <i>Twitter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=Third+burn+successful.+Exceeded+Mars+orbit+and+kept+going+to+the+Asteroid+Belt.&rft.aulast=Musk&rft.aufirst=Elon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Felonmusk%2Fstatus%2F961083704230674438%2Fphoto%2F1%3Fref_src%3Dtwsrc%255Etfw%26ref_url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fembed.24liveblog.com%252F%253Feid%253Dce7cda6cf52f11e78af2f23c919295de%2526self%253D0%2526theme%253D0%2523%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoilerplate+%28spaceflight%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17721104">MSNBC: <i>Orion Boilerplate Story</i></a>(updated: 10:11 a.m. MT, Wed., March. 21, 2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/060906_lockheed_orion.html">BusinessTech: <i>Orion-Ares Story</i></a>(posted: 6 September 2006 10:41 am ET)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4009/v4app8.htm">NASA Apollo History Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/bellcomm/bci_sec_41.html">Smithsonian NASM: List of Apollo Boilerplates, missions, and launch vehicles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805201911/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/arch/findaids/bellcomm/bci_sec_41.html">Archived</a> 2011-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080229192453/http://www.aiaa.org/aerospace/images/articleimages/pdf/OCT2007_View%20from%20Here.pdf">AAIA: <i>Orion Boilerplate</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071208094607/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=5300">NASA Spaceflight: <i>MLAS – the alternative Orion Launch Abort System gains momentum </i></a> (Orion boilerplate being developed)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080206025944/http://www.hobbyspace.com/nucleus/HSblog.php?catid=41">HobbySpace: <i>BP-6 now in California</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Mercury_Project.html">List of Mercury Boilerplates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120703163516/http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=20883">Orion Boilerplate</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&oldid=1256498163">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&oldid=1256498163</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Test_spaceflights" title="Category:Test spaceflights">Test spaceflights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Apollo_program" title="Category:Apollo program">Apollo program</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NASA_programs" title="Category:NASA programs">NASA programs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Project_Gemini" title="Category:Project Gemini">Project Gemini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Project_Mercury" title="Category:Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_components" title="Category:Spacecraft components">Spacecraft components</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_obsolete_information_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with obsolete information from November 2024">Articles with obsolete information from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_May_2013" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2013">Articles to be expanded from May 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 05:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boilerplate_(spaceflight)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-5qjdv","wgBackendResponseTime":227,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.725","walltime":"0.933","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3771,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":81079,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5422,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":158298,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 781.992 1 -total"," 36.65% 286.634 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.99% 187.630 21 Template:Cite_web"," 12.96% 101.310 6 Template:Citation_needed"," 12.81% 100.209 7 Template:Gallery"," 10.87% 85.032 6 Template:Fix"," 8.52% 66.620 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.43% 58.113 10 Template:Main_other"," 6.11% 47.785 12 Template:Category_handler"," 5.37% 42.004 1 Template:Other_uses"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.433","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8607002,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7b457d66f4-9mx5r","timestamp":"20241126120913","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Boilerplate (spaceflight)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4938353","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4938353","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-06-28T23:55:35Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T05:54:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/GeminiBP.jpg","headline":"spacecraft; nonfunctional craft or payload"}</script> </body> </html>