CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="es" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>PhilPapers - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )eswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","enero","febrero","marzo","abril","mayo","junio","julio","agosto","septiembre","octubre","noviembre","diciembre"],"wgRequestId":"5b29c79f-37fd-4f00-b1e7-f51a53526345","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"PhilPapers","wgTitle":"PhilPapers","wgCurRevisionId":160170224,"wgRevisionId":160170224,"wgArticleId":5944138,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia:Artículos sin coordenadas","Literatura filosófica"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"es","wgPageContentLanguage":"es","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"PhilPapers","wgRelevantArticleId":5944138,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"es","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"es"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7181635","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.imagenesinfobox":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.a-commons-directo","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=ext.gadget.imagenesinfobox&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=es&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/1200px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/800px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/640px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="PhilPapers - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (es)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//es.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.es"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal Atom de Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:CambiosRecientes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-PhilPapers rootpage-PhilPapers skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Ir al contenido</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegación </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada" title="Visitar la página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comunidad" title="Acerca del proyecto, lo que puedes hacer, dónde encontrar información"><span>Portal de la comunidad</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Actualidad" title="Encuentra información de contexto sobre acontecimientos actuales"><span>Actualidad</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosRecientes" title="Lista de cambios recientes en la wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Cambios recientes</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasNuevas"><span>Páginas nuevas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleatoria" title="Cargar una página al azar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatoria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Contenidos" title="El lugar para aprender"><span>Ayuda</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Informes_de_error"><span>Notificar un error</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La enciclopedia libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-es.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Buscar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Buscar en este wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Buscar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Buscar en Wikipedia" aria-label="Buscar en Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Buscar en este wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Buscar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Buscar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Herramientas personales"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apariencia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apariencia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_es.wikipedia.org&uselang=es" class=""><span>Donaciones</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=PhilPapers" title="Te recomendamos crear una cuenta e iniciar sesión; sin embargo, no es obligatorio" class=""><span>Crear una cuenta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=PhilPapers" title="Te recomendamos iniciar sesión, aunque no es obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Acceder</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Más opciones" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas personales" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas personales</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú de usuario" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_es.wikipedia.org&uselang=es"><span>Donaciones</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&returnto=PhilPapers" title="Te recomendamos crear una cuenta e iniciar sesión; sin embargo, no es obligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear una cuenta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=PhilPapers" title="Te recomendamos iniciar sesión, aunque no es obligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Acceder</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores desconectados <a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Introducci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Obtenga más información sobre editar"><span>más información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:MisContribuciones" title="Una lista de modificaciones hechas desde esta dirección IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuciones</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:MiDiscusi%C3%B3n" title="Discusión sobre ediciones hechas desde esta dirección IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contenidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PhilPapers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 7 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhilPapers" title="PhilPapers (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PhilPapers" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7181635#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PhilPapers" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discusi%C3%B3n:PhilPapers&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discusión acerca de la página (aún no redactado) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">español</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PhilPapers"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=history" title="Versiones anteriores de esta página [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Herramientas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PhilPapers"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/PhilPapers" title="Lista de todas las páginas de la wiki que enlazan aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo que enlaza aquí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/PhilPapers" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes en las páginas que enlazan con esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios en enlazadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=es" title="Subir archivos [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Subir archivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Lista de todas las páginas especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&oldid=160170224" title="Enlace permanente a esta versión de la página"><span>Enlace permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=info" title="Más información sobre esta página"><span>Información de la página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=PhilPapers&id=160170224&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre cómo citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPhilPapers"><span>Obtener URL acortado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPhilPapers"><span>Descargar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=PhilPapers"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=PhilPapers&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7181635" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera" style="text-align:center;background-color:#DDD;color:inherit;color: #000;">PhilPapers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:PhilPapers_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/320px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/480px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PhilPapers_logo.svg/640px-PhilPapers_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-size:95%;;"><a href="/wiki/Tipos_de_entidad_empresarial" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipos de entidad empresarial">Tipo</a></th><td colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;;"> repositorio digital</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-size:95%;;">Campo</th><td colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;;"> <a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía">filosofía</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-size:95%;;">Fundación</th><td colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;;"> 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-size:95%;;">Fundador</th><td colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;;"> <a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a><br />David Bourget</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-size:95%;;"><a href="/wiki/Sitio_web" title="Sitio web">Sitio web</a></th><td colspan="2" style="font-size:95%;;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philpapers.org/">philpapers.org</a></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181635" class="extiw" title="d:Q7181635">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>PhilPapers</b> es una base de datos académica interactiva de <a href="/wiki/Revista_acad%C3%A9mica" title="Revista académica">artículos académicos</a> de <a href="/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa" title="Filosofía">filosofía</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ichikawa2010_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Ichikawa2010-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Es mantenida por el Centro de filosofía digital (Centre for Digital Philosophy) en la <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Ontario_Occidental" title="Universidad de Ontario Occidental">Universidad de Western Ontario</a>, y a fecha de 2022 tiene «394,867 usuarios registrados, incluyendo la mayoría de filósofos profesionales y estudiantes de posgrado».<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Los editores generales son sus fundadores, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bourget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bourget (aún no redactado)">David Bourget</a> y <a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_2-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-about-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PhilPapers recibe apoyo financiero de otras organizaciones, incluida una subvención sustancial a principios de 2009 del Joint Information Systems Committee en Reino Unido.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El archivo es elogiado por su exhaustividad y organización,<sup id="cite_ref-Press2010_4-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Press2010-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> así como por sus actualizaciones regulares.<sup id="cite_ref-Hesse-Biber2011_5-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Hesse-Biber2011-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Además de archivar documentos, los editores llevan a cabo y publican la encuesta más extensa realizada a filósofos académicos, para determinar su punto de vista como «filósofos profesionales» con relación a 30 cuestiones filosóficas.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anexo:Bases_de_datos_acad%C3%A9micas_y_motores_de_b%C3%BAsqueda" title="Anexo:Bases de datos académicas y motores de búsqueda">Anexo:Bases de datos académicas y motores de búsqueda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ichikawa2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ichikawa2010_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFIchikawa2010" class="citation libro">Ichikawa, Ernest Sosa Jonathan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XHBH04RnskMC&pg=PA5"><i>Intuition: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</i></a>. Oxford UP. p. 5. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199808885" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199808885">9780199808885</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 29 de marzo de 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APhilPapers&rft.au=Ichikawa%2C+Ernest+Sosa+Jonathan&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Sosa+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Ichikawa&rft.btitle=Intuition%3A+Oxford+Bibliographies+Online+Research+Guide&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199808885&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXHBH04RnskMC%26pg%3DPA5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-about_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/help/about.html">«Acerca de PhilPapers»</a>. <i>PhilPapers</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 7 de agosto de 2022</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APhilPapers&rft.atitle=Acerca+de+PhilPapers&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PhilPapers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Fhelp%2Fabout.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bourget, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philpapers.org/bbs/thread.pl?tId=193#p576">PhilPapers awarded JISC funding</a>", <i>PhilPapers</i> 6 de abril de 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Press2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Press2010_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFPress2010" class="citation libro">Press, Oxford University (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZIPLc-yGSvkC&pg=PA4"><i>Metaphysics of Mind: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide</i></a>. Oxford UP. p. 4. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199808984" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780199808984">9780199808984</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 29 de marzo de 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APhilPapers&rft.au=Press%2C+Oxford+University&rft.aufirst=Oxford+University&rft.aulast=Press&rft.btitle=Metaphysics+of+Mind%3A+Oxford+Bibliographies+Online+Research+Guide&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199808984&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZIPLc-yGSvkC%26pg%3DPA4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hesse-Biber2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hesse-Biber2011_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFHesse-Biber2011" class="citation libro">Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMBWm7bEsL4C&pg=PT138"><i>Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Praxis</i></a>. SAGE. p. 138. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9781412980593" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9781412980593">9781412980593</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 29 de marzo de 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APhilPapers&rft.au=Hesse-Biber%2C+Sharlene+Nagy&rft.aufirst=Sharlene+Nagy&rft.aulast=Hesse-Biber&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Feminist+Research%3A+Theory+and+Praxis&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781412980593&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=SAGE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRMBWm7bEsL4C%26pg%3DPT138&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBourgetChalmers2014" class="citation publicación">Bourget, David; Chalmers, David J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/BOUWDP">«What do philosophers believe?»</a>. <i>Philosophical Studies</i> <b>170</b> (3): 465-500. <small><a href="/wiki/ISSN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0031-8116">0031-8116</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/42920613">42920613</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170254281">170254281</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11098-013-0259-7">10.1007/s11098-013-0259-7</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&pre=170254281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3APhilPapers&rft.atitle=What+do+philosophers+believe%3F&rft.au=Bourget%2C+David&rft.au=Chalmers%2C+David+J.&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Bourget&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0031-8116&rft.issue=3&rft.jstor=42920613&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Studies&rft.pages=465-500&rft.volume=170&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FBOUWDP&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11098-013-0259-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philpapers.org/">Sitio web oficial</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181635" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7181635">Q7181635</a></span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181635" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7181635">Q7181635</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenido de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&oldid=160170224">https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&oldid=160170224</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Literatura_filos%C3%B3fica" title="Categoría:Literatura filosófica">Literatura filosófica</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoría oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Wikipedia:Art%C3%ADculos_sin_coordenadas" title="Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos sin coordenadas">Wikipedia:Artículos sin coordenadas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página se editó por última vez el 17 may 2024 a las 10:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El texto está disponible bajo la <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Texto_de_la_Licencia_Creative_Commons_Atribuci%C3%B3n-CompartirIgual_4.0_Internacional" title="Wikipedia:Texto de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0</a>; pueden aplicarse cláusulas adicionales. Al usar este sitio aceptas nuestros <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/es">términos de uso</a> y nuestra <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/es">política de privacidad</a>.<br />Wikipedia® es una marca registrada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/es/">Fundación Wikimedia</a>, una organización sin ánimo de lucro.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/es">Política de privacidad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Acerca_de">Acerca de Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Limitaci%C3%B3n_general_de_responsabilidad">Limitación de responsabilidad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desarrolladores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/es.wikipedia.org">Estadísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement/es">Declaración de cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//es.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PhilPapers&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versión para móviles</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6rq8x","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.263","walltime":"0.414","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6859,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":16344,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":702,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11269,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 316.605 1 -total"," 64.82% 205.210 1 Plantilla:Ficha_de_organización"," 62.78% 198.761 1 Plantilla:Ficha"," 44.74% 141.662 48 Plantilla:Propiedad"," 16.28% 51.539 1 Plantilla:Control_de_autoridades"," 9.58% 30.327 3 Plantilla:Cite_book"," 3.30% 10.434 1 Plantilla:Sitio_web_oficial"," 2.24% 7.104 1 Plantilla:Título_sin_coletilla"," 1.32% 4.187 1 Plantilla:EditAtWikidata"," 1.26% 3.996 1 Plantilla:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.137","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3132681,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74f675c4bb-9gh5d","timestamp":"20241130062556","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"PhilPapers","url":"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PhilPapers","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7181635","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7181635","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Colaboradores de los proyectos Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-08-06T13:59:07Z","dateModified":"2024-05-17T10:45:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d6\/PhilPapers_logo.svg"}</script> </body> </html>