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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Professor and scientist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professor_and_scientist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literary_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Literary work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">José Echegaray</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A5%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="خوسيه إتشيغاراي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوسيه إتشيغاراي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Echegaray" title="José de Echegaray – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="José de Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xose_E%C3%A7eqaray" title="Xose Eçeqaray – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xose Eçeqaray" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="خوزه اچه‌خارای – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خوزه اچه‌خارای" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="হোসে এচেগারাই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোসে এচেগারাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D_%D0%AD%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%96-%D0%AD%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Хасэ Эчэгерай-і-Эйсагірэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хасэ Эчэгерай-і-Эйсагірэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8D_%D0%AD%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%96-%D0%AD%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Хасэ Эчэгарай-і-Эйсагірэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хасэ Эчэгарай-і-Эйсагірэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хосе Ечегарай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хосе Ечегарай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD_%CE%95%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9_%CE%B9_%CE%95%CF%8A%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B5" title="Χοσέ Ετσεγαράι ι Εϊθαγίρρε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοσέ Ετσεγαράι ι Εϊθαγίρρε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="خوزه اچه‌خارای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوزه اچه‌خارای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Echegaray" title="José de Echegaray – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="José de Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EC%97%90%EC%B2%B4%EA%B0%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4" title="호세 에체가라이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호세 에체가라이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A5_%D4%B7%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5" title="Խոսե Էչեգարայ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոսե Էչեգարայ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="जोस इकेगारे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोस इकेगारे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A6%27%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="חוסה אצ'גראי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוסה אצ'גראי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಜೋಸ್ ಎಚೆಗಾರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋಸ್ ಎಚೆಗಾರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ხოსე ეჩეგარაი ი ეისაგირე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხოსე ეჩეგარაი ი ეისაგირე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B8-%D0%AD%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Хосе Эчегарай-и-Эйсагирре – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хосе Эчегарай-и-Эйсагирре" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Echegaray" title="José de Echegaray – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="José de Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="Iosephus Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hos%C4%93_E%C4%8Degarajs" title="Hosē Ečegarajs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hosē Ečegarajs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Хосе Ечегарај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хосе Ечегарај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Echegaray" title="José de Echegaray – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="José de Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹൊസെ എച്ചെഗാരായി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹൊസെ എച്ചെഗാരായി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="ხოსე ეჩეგარაი ი ეისაგირე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხოსე ეჩეგარაი ი ეისაგირე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="خوسيه اتشيجاراى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوسيه اتشيجاراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="خوزه اچخارای – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوزه اچخارای" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AC" title="ホセ・エチェガライ・イ・アイサギレ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホセ・エチェガライ・イ・アイサギレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8F" title="ਖੋਸੇ ਏਚੇਗਰਾਏ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੋਸੇ ਏਚੇਗਰਾਏ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%92" title="جوز ایچگارے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوز ایچگارے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B8-%D0%AD%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Эчегарай-и-Эйсагирре, Хосе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эчегарай-и-Эйсагирре, Хосе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Хосе Ечегарај и Еизагире – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хосе Ечегарај и Еизагире" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хосе Эчегарай – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хосе Эчегарай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3" title="โฆเซ เอเชกาไร อี เอย์ซากีร์เร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โฆเซ เอเชกาไร อี เอย์ซากีร์เร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Echegaray" title="Jose Echegaray – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jose Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%95%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%96-%D0%95%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Хосе Ечегарай-і-Ейсагірре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хосе Ечегарай-і-Ейсагірре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%92_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="جوزے ایشوگرائے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوزے ایشوگرائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre" title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="José Echegaray y Eizaguirre" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%87%E5%8A%A0%E8%B5%96" title="何塞·埃切加赖 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="何塞·埃切加赖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="José Echegaray" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%87%E5%8A%A0%E8%B5%96" title="何塞·埃切加赖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="何塞·埃切加赖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish statesman</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Echegaray</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Eizaguirre</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">José Echegaray</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg/220px-Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg/440px-Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">José Echegaray y Eizaguirre<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1832-04-19</span>)</span>19 April 1832<br /><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">14 September 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-09-14)</span> (aged 84)<br />Madrid, Spain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Isidore_Cemetery" title="Saint Isidore Cemetery">Saint Isidore Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Dramatist, civil engineer and mathematician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;">Spanish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">Drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> <br /> 1904 <br /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Seat <i>e</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 May 1894 – 14 September 1916</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_de_Mesonero_Romanos" title="Ramón de Mesonero Romanos">Ramón de Mesonero Romanos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julio_Burell_y_Cu%C3%A9llar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julio Burell y Cuéllar (page does not exist)">Julio Burell y Cuéllar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Burell_y_Cu%C3%A9llar" class="extiw" title="es:Julio Burell y Cuéllar">es</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José Echegaray y Eizaguirre</b> (19 April 1832 – 14 September 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statesman" class="extiw" title="wikt:statesman">statesman</a>, and one of the leading <a href="/wiki/Spaniards" title="Spaniards">Spanish</a> dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904 Nobel Prize in Literature</a> "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in Madrid on 19 April 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, a doctor and institute professor of Greek,<sup id="cite_ref-Echegaray_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Echegaray-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was from Aragon and his mother was from Navarra. He spent his childhood in Murcia, where he finished his elementary school education. It was there, at the Murcia Institute, where he first gained his love for mathematics. While still a child he read <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balzac" class="mw-redirect" title="Balzac">Balzac</a>, readings that alternated with those of mathematicians like <a href="/wiki/Gauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauss">Gauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adrien-Marie_Legendre" title="Adrien-Marie Legendre">Legendre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lagrange" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrange">Lagrange</a>. </p><p>In order to earn enough money to attend the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos</i></span> (Engineering School of Roads, Channels and Ports), he moved at the age of fourteen to Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of twenty, he left the Madrid School with a Civil Engineering degree, which he had obtained as first in his class, and he had to move to Almeria and Granada to begin working at his first job.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professor_and_scientist">Professor and scientist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professor and scientist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1854 he began teaching a class at the Engineering School, working as a secretary there also. He taught mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Stereotomy_(descriptive_geometry)" title="Stereotomy (descriptive geometry)">stereotomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic">hydraulics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Descriptive_geometry" title="Descriptive geometry">descriptive geometry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Differential_calculus" title="Differential calculus">differential</a> and physical calculus from that year until 1868. From 1858 to 1860 he was also a professor at the Assistants' School of Public Works. </p><p>His <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Problemas de geometría analítica</i></span> (1865) and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Teorías modernas de la física. Unidad de las fuerzas materiales</i></span> (1867) were held in some regard. He became a member of the Society of Political Economy, helped to found the magazine <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Revista</i></span>, and took a prominent part in propagating <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> doctrines in the press and on the platform.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was clearly marked out for office, and when the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">revolution of 1868</a> overthrew the monarchy, he resigned his post for a place in the revolutionary cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_service">Government service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Government service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Echegaray also entered politics later in his life. As a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Spain" title="Republicanism in Spain">republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Radical_Democratic_Party_(Spain)" title="Radical Democratic Party (Spain)">Radical Democratic Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he enjoyed a career in the government sector, being appointed Minister of Education, of Public Works and Finance Minister successively between 1867 and 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-Echegaray_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Echegaray-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired from politics after the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">Bourbon restoration</a> in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Theater had always been the love of José Echegaray's life. Although he had written earlier plays (<i>La Hija natural</i> and <i>La Última Noche</i>, both in 1867), he truly became a dramatist in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His plays reflected his sense of duty, which had made him famous during his time in the governmental offices. Dilemmas centered on duty and morality are the motif of his plays. He replicated the achievements of his predecessors of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Spanish Golden Age</a>, remaining a prolific playwright. </p><p>His most famous play is <i><a href="/wiki/El_gran_Galeoto" class="mw-redirect" title="El gran Galeoto">El gran Galeoto</a></i>, a drama written in the grand nineteenth century manner of <a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">melodrama</a>. It is about the poisonous effect that unfounded gossip has on a middle-aged man's happiness. Echegaray filled it with elaborate stage instructions that illuminate what we would now consider a hammy style of acting popular in the 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> filmed it as a silent with the title changed to <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_and_His_Wife" title="The World and His Wife">The World and His Wife</a></i>, and it was the basis for a later film <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Galeoto" title="The Great Galeoto">The Great Galeoto</a>. His most remarkable plays<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are <i>O locura o santidad</i> (Saint or Madman?, 1877); <i>Mariana</i> (1892); <i>El estigma</i> (1895); <i>La duda</i>, 1898; and <i>El loco Dios</i> (God, the fool, 1900). </p><p>Among his other famous plays are <i>La esposa del vengador</i> (1874) (The Avenger's Wife); <i>En el puño de la espada</i> (1875) (In the Sword's Handle); <i>En el pilar y en la cruz</i> (1878) (On the Stake and on the Cross); and <i>Conflicto entre dos deberes</i> (1882) (Conflict of Two Duties).<sup id="cite_ref-Echegaray_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Echegaray-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provençal</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a>, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a> in 1904, after having been nominated that year by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Royal Spanish Academy</a>, making him the first Spaniard to win the prize.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JoseEchegaray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JoseEchegaray.jpg/220px-JoseEchegaray.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JoseEchegaray.jpg/330px-JoseEchegaray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/JoseEchegaray.jpg/440px-JoseEchegaray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>José Echegaray</figcaption></figure><p> José Echegaray maintained constant activity until his death on 14 September 1916 in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His extensive work did not stop growing in his old age: in the final stage of his life he wrote 25 or 30 mathematical physics volumes. At the age of 83 he commented: </p><blockquote><p>I cannot die, because if I am going to write my mathematical physics encyclopedia, I need at least 25 more years.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several streets in Spain are named after José Echegaray. <i>Calle Echegaray</i> in Madrid's <i>Barrio de las Letras</i> is especially noteworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971 the Bank of Spain issued a 1000-peseta banknote in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_work">Literary work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literary work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plays">Plays</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>La hija Natural</i> (1865)</li> <li><i>El libro talonario</i> (1874)</li> <li><i>La esposa del vengador</i> (1874)</li> <li><i>La última noche</i> (1875)</li> <li><i>En el puño de la espada</i> (1875)</li> <li><i>Un sol que nace y un sol que muere</i> (1876)</li> <li><i>Cómo empieza y cómo acaba</i> (1876)</li> <li><i>El gladiador de Rávena</i> (1876)</li> <li><i>Locura o santidad</i> (1876).</li> <li><i>O locura o santidad</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Iris de paz</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Para tal culpa, tal pena</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Lo que no puede decirse</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>En el pilar y en la cruz</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Correr en pos de un ideal</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Algunas veces aquí</i> (1878)</li> <li><i>Morir por no despertar</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>En el seno de la muerte</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>Bodas trágicas</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>Mar sin orillas</i> (1879)</li> <li><i>La muerte en los labios</i> (1880)</li> <li><i>El gran galeoto</i> (1881)</li> <li><i>Haroldo el normando</i> (1881)</li> <li><i>Los dos curiosos impertinentes</i> (1881)</li> <li><i>Conflicto entre dos deberes</i> (1882)</li> <li><i>Un milagro en Egipto</i> (1884)</li> <li><i>Piensa mal ... ¿y acertarás?</i> (1884)</li> <li><i>La peste de <a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i>Vida alegre y muerte triste</i> (1885)</li> <li><i>El bandido Lisandro</i>(1885)</li> <li><i>De mala raza</i>(1886)</li> <li><i>Dos fanatismos</i> (1886)</li> <li><i>El Conde Lotario</i> (1887)</li> <li><i>La realidad y el delirio</i> (1887)</li> <li><i>EL hijo de hierro y el hijo de carne</i> (1888)</li> <li><i>Lo sublime en lo vulgar</i> (1888)</li> <li><i>Manantial que no se agota</i> (1889)</li> <li><i>Los rígidos</i> (1889)</li> <li><i>Siempre en ridículo</i> (1890)</li> <li><i>El prólogo de un drama</i> (1890)</li> <li><i>Irene de Otranto</i> (1890)</li> <li><i>Un crítico incipiente</i> (1891)</li> <li><i>Comedia sin desenlace</i> (1891)</li> <li><i>Mariana</i> (1891)</li> <li><i>El hijo de Don Juan</i> (1892)</li> <li><i>Sic vos non vobis o la última limosna</i></li> <li><i>El poder de la impotencia</i> (1893)</li> <li><i>A la orilla del mar</i> (1893)</li> <li><i>La rencorosa</i> (1894)</li> <li><i>Mancha que limpia</i> (1895)</li> <li><i>El primer acto de un Drama</i>(1895)</li> <li><i>El estigma</i> (1895)</li> <li><i>La cantante callejera</i>(1895)</li> <li><i>Amor salvaje</i> (1896)</li> <li><i>Semíramis o La hija del aire</i>(1896)</li> <li><i>La calumnia por castigo</i> (1897)</li> <li><i>La duda</i> (1897)</li> <li><i>El hombre negro</i> (1898)</li> <li><i>Silencio de muerte</i> (1898)</li> <li><i>El loco Dios</i> (1900)</li> <li><i>Malas herencias</i> (1902)</li> <li><i>La escalinata de una trono</i>(1903)</li> <li><i>La desequilibrada</i>(1904)</li> <li><i>A fuerza de arrastrarse</i> (1905)</li> <li>"La última limosna" (1905)</li> <li>"El preferido y los cenicientos" (1908)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burell was elected for the position in 1916 but never took the seat</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Echegaray-y-Eizaguirre">"José Echegaray y Eizaguirre - Spanish dramatist"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Jos%C3%A9+Echegaray+y+Eizaguirre+-+Spanish+dramatist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJose-Echegaray-y-Eizaguirre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Ron2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sánchez Ron, José Manuel (30 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Farbor.2004.i707%2F708.510">"José Echegaray: entre la ciencia, el teatro y la política"</a>. <i>Arbor</i> (in Spanish). <b>CLXXIX</b> (707/708): 601–688. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3989%2Farbor.2004.i707%2F708.510">10.3989/arbor.2004.i707/708.510</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1988-303X">1988-303X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arbor&rft.atitle=Jos%C3%A9+Echegaray%3A+entre+la+ciencia%2C+el+teatro+y+la+pol%C3%ADtica&rft.volume=CLXXIX&rft.issue=707%2F708&rft.pages=601-688&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3989%2Farbor.2004.i707%2F708.510&rft.issn=1988-303X&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Ron&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3989%252Farbor.2004.i707%252F708.510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Echegaray-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Echegaray_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Echegaray_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Echegaray_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1904/eizaguirre-bio.html">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1904:Frédéric Mistral, José Echegaray"</a>. Elsevier Publishing Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1904%3AFr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Mistral%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Echegaray&rft.pub=Elsevier+Publishing+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1904%2Feizaguirre-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clublibertaddigital.com/ilustracion-liberal/4/jose-echegaray-alicia-delibes.html">"Alicia Delibes – José Echegaray"</a>. <i>Libertad Digital</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libertad+Digital&rft.atitle=Alicia+Delibes+%E2%80%93+Jos%C3%A9+Echegaray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clublibertaddigital.com%2Filustracion-liberal%2F4%2Fjose-echegaray-alicia-delibes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFitzmaurice-Kelly1911870_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFitzmaurice-Kelly1911">Fitzmaurice-Kelly 1911</a>, p. 870.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómez-Mendoza" class="citation journal cs1">Gómez-Mendoza, Josefina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/30259822">"José Echegaray, un liberal radical en Fomento"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jos%C3%A9+Echegaray%2C+un+liberal+radical+en+Fomento&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3mez-Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Josefina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30259822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show.php?id=6761">"Nomination Database"</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nomination+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnomination%2Farchive%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D6761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuevo_Vialás,_Mar2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nuevo Vialás, Mar (26 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economiadigital.es/tendenciashoy/viajeros/echegaray-calle-mas-cool.html">"Echegaray: La calle de Madrid que se cuela entre las más 'cool' del mundo"</a>. <i>Tendencias Hoy, Economía Digital</i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tendencias+Hoy%2C+Econom%C3%ADa+Digital&rft.atitle=Echegaray%3A+La+calle+de+Madrid+que+se+cuela+entre+las+m%C3%A1s+%27cool%27+del+mundo&rft.date=2022-08-26&rft.au=Nuevo+Vial%C3%A1s%2C+Mar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economiadigital.es%2Ftendenciashoy%2Fviajeros%2Fechegaray-calle-mas-cool.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeout.com/madrid/things-to-do/the-best-of-the-barrios-barrio-de-las-letras">"The best of the barrios: Barrio de las Letras"</a>. <i>Things to Do, Madrid, Time Out (timeout.com)</i>. 13 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Things+to+Do%2C+Madrid%2C+Time+Out+%28timeout.com%29&rft.atitle=The+best+of+the+barrios%3A+Barrio+de+las+Letras&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeout.com%2Fmadrid%2Fthings-to-do%2Fthe-best-of-the-barrios-barrio-de-las-letras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMira_Pérez2000" class="citation journal cs1">Mira Pérez, Jorge (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238958281">"Echegaray—Fiscal Scientist and More"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>53</b> (6): 76–77. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PhT....53f..76P">2000PhT....53f..76P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1306382">10.1063/1.1306382</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10347%2F18452">10347/18452</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Echegaray%E2%80%94Fiscal+Scientist+and+More&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=76-77&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10347%2F18452&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1306382&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000PhT....53f..76P&rft.aulast=Mira+P%C3%A9rez&rft.aufirst=Jorge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F238958281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzmaurice-Kelly1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Fitzmaurice-Kelly" title="James Fitzmaurice-Kelly">Fitzmaurice-Kelly, James</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre,_Jos%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Echegaray y Eizaguirre, José">Echegaray y Eizaguirre, José</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 870–871.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Echegaray+y+Eizaguirre%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=870-871&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Fitzmaurice-Kelly&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJos%C3%A9+Echegaray" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> with the prize motivation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051221155843/http://www.angelfire.com/ego2/olko/cgi-bin/eizaguirre-bio.html">Elsevier Publishing Co. biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/40983">Works by José Echegaray</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=4">List of works</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Echegaray%2C%20José%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22José%20Echegaray%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Echegaray%2C%20José%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22José%20Echegaray%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Echegaray%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22José%20Echegaray%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Echegaray%2C%20José%22%20OR%20description%3A%22José%20Echegaray%22%20OR%20%28Jos%2A+Echegaray%29%29%20OR%20%28%221832-1916%22%20AND%20Echegaray%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about José Echegaray</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/9045">Works by José Echegaray</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span 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(1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Delibes" title="Miguel Delibes">Miguel Delibes</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Juan Gil Fernández (2011)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[1]</sup> He was elected in 1916 but never took the seat</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1904_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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4em">1904 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> (France)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">José Echegaray</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (Russia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1901_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1901 Nobel Prize winners">1901</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1902_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1902 Nobel Prize winners">1902</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1903_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1903 Nobel Prize winners">1903</a></dd> <dd><b>1904 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1905_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1905 Nobel Prize 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79077383">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/100119/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcxpgBYrM8qKfjxQ9hpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119047314">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82134563">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205332f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12205332f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00521377">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Echegaray, José"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV022692">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20020220002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX910695">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/25488">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000050485">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201005138">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/wt7bgfdf09g049g">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810684986405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/198123">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273004505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058523462606706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14534468">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01163248?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:echegaray-y-eizaguirre.jose">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/696606">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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