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Чĕвĕ — Википеди
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title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Чĕвĕ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 88 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussenwerpsel" title="Tussenwerpsel — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tussenwerpsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AC%D8%A8" title="أسلوب تعجب — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسلوب تعجب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nida" title="Nida — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nida" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ымлыҡтар — башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ымлыҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Выклічнік — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выклічнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Выклічнік — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Выклічнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Междуметие — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Междуметие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6" title="আবেগসূচক পদ — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবেগসূচক পদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estlammadell" title="Estlammadell — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Estlammadell" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzvici" title="Uzvici — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Uzvici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Аянгалһан үгэ — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Аянгалһан үгэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjecci%C3%B3" title="Interjecció — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Interjecció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoslovce" title="Citoslovce — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Citoslovce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udr%C3%A5bsord" title="Udråbsord — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Udråbsord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjektion" title="Interjektion — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Interjektion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Επιφώνημα — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιφώνημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Interjection" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjekcio" title="Interjekcio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Interjekcio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjecci%C3%B3n" title="Interjección — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interjección" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BC%C3%BCds%C3%B5na" title="Hüüdsõna — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüüdsõna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjekzio" title="Interjekzio — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Interjekzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="حرف ندا — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حرف ندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjektio" title="Interjektio — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Interjektio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0alvarping" title="Miðalvarping — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miðalvarping" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interjection" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utropwurd" title="Utropwurd — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Utropwurd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intriachta%C3%AD" title="Intriachtaí — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Intriachtaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clisgear" title="Clisgear — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clisgear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interxecci%C3%B3n" title="Interxección — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interxección" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="מילת קריאה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מילת קריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usklici" title="Usklici — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Usklici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indulatsz%C3%B3" title="Indulatszó — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indulatszó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD)" title="Ձայնարկություն (խոսքի մաս) — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնարկություն (խոսքի մաս)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AD%D6%85%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD)" title="Ձայնարկութիւն (խօսքի մաս) — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձայնարկութիւն (խօսքի մաս)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjeksi" title="Interjeksi — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Interjeksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjeciono" title="Interjeciono — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Interjeciono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upphr%C3%B3pun" title="Upphrópun — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Upphrópun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interiezione" title="Interiezione — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interiezione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="感動詞 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="感動詞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembung_panyeru" title="Tembung panyeru — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tembung panyeru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="შორისდებული — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შორისდებული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Одағай — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Одағай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%ED%83%84%EC%82%AC" title="감탄사 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감탄사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DA%BE%D9%B9%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="ژھٹُت — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ژھٹُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bane%C5%9Fan" title="Baneşan — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Baneşan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%B7" title="Сырдык сөз — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сырдык сөз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interiectio" title="Interiectio — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Interiectio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esclamas_(linguistica)" title="Esclamas (linguistica) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esclamas (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຄຳອຸທານ — лаосский" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄຳອຸທານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaustukas" title="Jaustukas — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jaustukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izsauksmes_v%C4%81rds" title="Izsauksmes vārds — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izsauksmes vārds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenim-piontanana" title="Tenim-piontanana — малагасийский" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tenim-piontanana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82" title="Оҥартышмут — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Оҥартышмут" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Извик — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Извик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വ്യാക്ഷേപകം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്യാക്ഷേപകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_seru" title="Kata seru — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kata seru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Междометиясь — эрзянский" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Междометиясь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussenwerpsel" title="Tussenwerpsel — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tussenwerpsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjeksjon" title="Interjeksjon — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Interjeksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjeksjon" title="Interjeksjon — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Interjeksjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8A%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Æвастхъæр — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æвастхъæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wykrzyknik_(cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_mowy)" title="Wykrzyknik (część mowy) — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wykrzyknik (część mowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjei%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Interjeição — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Interjeição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjec%C8%9Bie" title="Interjecție — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Interjecție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Междометие — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Междометие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Саҥа аллайыы — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саҥа аллайыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="حرف ندا — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حرف ندا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Interjection" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoslovce" title="Citoslovce — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Citoslovce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmet" title="Medmet — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medmet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasthirrma" title="Pasthirrma — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pasthirrma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Узвик — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Узвик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjektion" title="Interjektion — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Interjektion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihisishi" title="Vihisishi — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vihisishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="உரையசைக் கிளவிகள் — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரையசைக் கிளவிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Нидо — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нидо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="คำอุทาน — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำอุทาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cnlem" title="Ünlem — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ünlem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ымлыклар — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ымлыклар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Вигук — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вигук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DB%81_(%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81)" title="فجائیہ (رموز اوقاف) — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فجائیہ (رموز اوقاف)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interjesion" title="Interjesion — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Interjesion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1n_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Thán từ — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thán từ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot-criya" title="Mot-criya — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mot-criya" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigkalas" title="Tigkalas — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tigkalas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="感叹词 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="感叹词" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="感叹词 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="感叹词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="語氣詞 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="語氣詞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хатӗрсем</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ӗҫсем </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95"><span>Вула</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&veaction=edit" title="Кăна тӳрлет [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Кунта куҫаракан мӗнпур страницӑн ят-йышӗ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Кунта каҫараканнисем</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95" rel="nofollow" title="Ку страницӑра кӑтартнӑ каҫӑсенче вырнаҫнӑ страницӑсенчи юлашки улшӑнусем [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Ҫыхӑннӑ улшӑнусем</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cv" title="Файлсене тиесси [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&oldid=648676" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&id=648676&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A7%25C4%2595%25D0%25B2%25C4%2595"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A7%25C4%2595%25D0%25B2%25C4%2595"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Interjections" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83034" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Чĕвĕ</b>, — туйăма, кăмăл хусканăвне, хистеве ят памасăр пĕлтерекен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Сăмах">сăмах</a>. Междометин <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лексика">лексика</a> пĕлтерĕшĕ çук, çавăнпа вĕсем ытти мĕнпур <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Пуплев пайĕсем">пуплев пайĕсенчен</a> уйрăм тăраççĕ. Вĕсен пĕлтерĕшĕ контекстра е ситуацире çеç палăрать. </p><p>Междомети улшăнман пуплев пайĕ шутланать, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Пуплерĕш (лингвистика)">пуплерĕшри</a> ытти <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Сăмах">сăмахсемпе</a> çыхăнмасть, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%C4%95%D1%88_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%C4%95" title="Пуплерĕш пайташĕ">пуплерĕш пайташĕ</a> те пулмасть. Калаçура междометисене ытти сăмахсенчен паузăпа уйăраççĕ, çырура вĕсем хыççăн <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C3%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%BF%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%87%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Хÿреллĕ пăнчă">хÿреллĕ пăнчă</a> е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кăшкăру палли (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">кăшкăру палли</a> лартаççĕ. </p><p>Междометисен тытăмĕ ансат: вĕсем пĕр сасăран та, темиçе сасăран та тăраççĕ. Ытларах пĕр сыпăклă междометисем пулаççĕ (<i>ай, ой, ах, эй, эх, ых</i>). </p><p>Пĕтĕмĕшле пĕлтерĕшĕ тăрăх междометисене икĕ ушкăна уйăраççĕ: </p> <ul><li>эмоци междометийĕсем (<i>ах, ăх, ых, эх, ай, ой, ха, ну, фу, э-ха-хай, ай-уй</i>). Вĕсем хăранине, тарăхнине, ыратнине, савăннине, пăшăрханнине, йĕрĕннине тата ыттисене те пĕлтереççĕ;</li> <li>хистев междометийĕсем (<i>тс-с, ш-ш-ш, чим, ну, на, ме, атя, марш, эй</i>). Кусем çынна пĕр-пĕр ĕç тума пуçламаллине е чарăнмаллине кăтартакан междометисем. Выльăх-чĕрлĕхе хистекен междомети нумай. Вĕсем йыхăрнине (чĕннине) е хăваланине пĕлтереççĕ: <i>пах-пах, пох-пох, хуте</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Лаша">лаша</a>), <i>панеç-панеç, тенёк-те-нёк, хас</i> (<a href="/wiki/%C4%94%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ĕне">ĕне</a>), <i>пуччă, пуччи, пыччи, паряш, параç, тĕр, тĕрья, чапа, тăр-чапа</i> (сурăх), <i>тикă-тикă, кăш, кăшша</i> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хур">хур</a>) тата ыттисем те. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%C3%A7%D1%83" title="Вырăнти калаçу">Вырăнти калаçура</a> хистев междометисен тĕрлĕ варианчĕсем йышлă.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Литература пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D0%B2%C4%95&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литература»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Егоров В.Г. Междометие // Материалы по грамматике современного чувашского языка. Ч., 1957;</li> <li>Павлов И.П. Хальхи чăваш литература чĕлхи. Морфологи. Ш., 1965;</li> <li>Сергеев Л.П., Котлеев В.И. Чăваш чĕлхи. Ш., 1988.</li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шаблон:Пуплев пайĕсем"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Пуплев пайĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Пуплев пайĕ">Пуплев пайĕсем</a></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div align="center"> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95" title="Япала ячĕ">Япала ячĕ</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95" title="Паллă ячĕ">Паллă ячĕ</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95" title="Хисеп ячĕ">Хисеп ячĕ</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Ылмаш">Ылмаш</a> •</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Глагол">Глагол</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0_%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Хушма ĕçхĕл">хушма ĕçхĕл</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB" title="Паллăлăх ĕçхĕл">паллăлăх ĕçхĕл</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Конверб (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">конверб</a>) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%94%C3%A7%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Ĕçхĕлтеш">Ĕçхĕлтеш</a> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Предикатив (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Предикатив</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тăрăм категорийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">тăрăм категорийĕ</a>) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пулăшав глаголĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пулăшав глаголĕ</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çыхав (лингвистика) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">çыхав</a>) •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Детерминатор (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Детерминатор</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Артикль (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">артикль</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кăтарту паллă ячĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">кăтарту паллă ячĕ</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%8F%D1%87%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Туртăм паллă ячĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">туртăм паллă ячĕ</a>) •</span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Çумсăмах">Çумсăмах</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Умсăмах (лингвистика)">умсăмах</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%C3%A7%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Хыçсăмах (лингвистика)">хыçсăмах</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumposition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circumposition (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">circumposition</a>) •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%B3_(%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95)" title="Пĕтĕçтерӳ (пуплев пайĕ)">Союз</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BA_(%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%95)" title="Татăк (пуплев пайĕ)">Татăк</a> •</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Чĕвĕ</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="background:none; text-align:left; padding: 2px 0" class="metadata"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Ling_template.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="«Чĕлхе» сăмахĕн транскрипцийĕ"><img alt="«Чĕлхе» сăмахĕн транскрипцийĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ling_template.svg/48px-Ling_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ling_template.svg/72px-Ling_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ling_template.svg/96px-Ling_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><span style="white-space:nowrap">Ку <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингвистика">лингвистика</a> пирки <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Википеди:Статья хатĕрчĕкĕ">вĕçлемен статья</a>.</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Эсир статьяна <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%99%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Википеди:Йĕркесемпе кăтартусем">тӳрлетсе тата хушса</a> проекта пулăшма пултаратăр.</span></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐864bbfd546‐fpw9q Cached time: 20241130043701 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.035 seconds Real time usage: 0.072 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 413/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 11685/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4254/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report 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