Half the world’s supply of element 99 used to reveal its chemical secrets | Research

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window.dataLayer.push({'Intro':'Scientists explore einsteinium’s unusual chemistry using less than 200 nanograms of the precious and highly radioactive material'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Catchline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Synopsis':'Using less than 200 nanograms of einsteinium – half of the world’s supply at that time – scientists have uncovered the synthetic element’s bonding and spectroscopic behaviour for the first time.Discovered in the debris after the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb in 1952, einsteinium is a highly radioactive actinide. As it doesn’t occur on Earth naturally, little is known about its chemistry beyond the fact that it forms a few halide and oxide salts. Making more than just trace amounts of it means bombarding lighter elements with neutrons for a prolonged period of time – a process that can only be done at one place in the world, the high flux isotope reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, US.'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Standfirst':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Answer':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Source':undefined}); //window.dataLayer.push({'Refs':'K P Carter et al, Nature, 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03179-3'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Refs':'K P Carter et al, Nature, 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03179-3' !== undefined ? 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if (call.status !== 200) { return } else { var html = await call.text(); if (html == "") { return } else { document.getElementById('inlineRelated').innerHTML = "<h3>Related stories</h3><ul>" + html + "</ul>" } } })() }, "CSSClass":"", "MinHeight":400 }, //NEWLETTER ONECLICK WIDGET - Signed out - RHC or inline { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"PreferRight", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "HTML":"<div class=\"newsletterSignup-widget\" data-ajax-load-content=\"\" data-url=\"/newslettersingleclick?wid=2084\" data-cache-bust=\"true\"></div>", //"CustomEventName":"NLSignedOutInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ console.log('newsletter single click with span'); $(window).trigger('abacus:readjusrhcheight',[event, elem]); }, //"CSSClass":"newsletterSignup", "MinHeight":350 }, //NEWLETTER ONECLICK WIDGET - Signed in or out - Re:action { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"PreferRight", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widget_NL_Oneclick_Reaction", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "HTML":"<div class=\"newsletterSignup-widget\" data-ajax-load-content=\"\" data-url=\"/newslettersingleclick?wid=2084\" data-cache-bust=\"true\"></div>", //"CustomEventName":"NLSignedOutInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ console.log('newsletter single click with span'); $(window).trigger('abacus:readjusrhcheight',[event, elem]); }, //"CSSClass":"newsletterSignup", "MinHeight":350 }, //PUZZLES NEWLETTER ONECLICK WIDGET - Signed out - RHC or inline { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"PreferRight", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widget_NL_Puzzles_Oneclick_SignedOut", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "HTML":"<div class=\"newsletterSignup-widget\" data-ajax-load-content=\"\" data-url=\"/newslettersingleclick?wid=2085\" data-cache-bust=\"true\"></div>", //"CustomEventName":"NLSignedOutInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ console.log('newsletter single click with span'); $(window).trigger('abacus:readjusrhcheight',[event, elem]); }, //"CSSClass":"newsletterSignup", "MinHeight":350 }, //NEWLETTER WIDGET - Signed out - RHC or inline { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"PreferRight", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widget_NL_SignedOut", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "HTML":"<div class=\"nl-promo-wrapper\"><div class=\"nl-promo-img\"><img alt=\"email newsletter\" src=\"https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/200xAny/P/web/o/c/j/email_newsletter.png\"></div><div class=\"nl-promo-text\"><h2>Our newsletters</h2><p>Create your free account to receive personalised content alerts and Re:action, our weekly newsletter of the top chemical science stories handpicked from a range of magazines, journals and websites alongside insight and analysis from our expert editorial team.</p></div><div class=\"nl-promo-button\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https://account.chemistryworld.com/register?campaigncode=CWregnlpromo2304&returl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistryworld.com%2F\">Create account</a></div></div>", "CustomEventName":"NLSignedOutInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ $(window).trigger('abacus:readjusrhcheight',[event, elem]); }, //"CSSClass":"newsletterSignup", "MinHeight":350 }, //NEWLETTER ONECLICK WIDGET - Industry { "Type":"CustomContent", "Position":"PreferRight", "Sticky":false, "Group":"Widget_NL_Oneclick_Industry", "Repeat":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "HTML":"<div class=\"newsletterSignup-widget\" data-ajax-load-content=\"\" data-url=\"/newslettersingleclick?wid=2097\" data-cache-bust=\"true\"></div>", //"CustomEventName":"NLSignedOutInit", "Javascript":function(elem,container,slotconfig,adcounter,counter,repeat){ console.log('newsletter single click with span'); $(window).trigger('abacus:readjusrhcheight',[event, elem]); }, //"CSSClass":"newsletterSignup", "MinHeight":350 }, //GAM ADVERT - MPU Bottom (repeats, in RHC or inline) { "Type":"GAMAdvert", "Position":"PreferRight", "Group":"Ads", "AdUnit":"/97414310/MPU_Bottom", "RefreshDelaySeconds":30, "Sticky":true, "Repeat":true, "Refresh":false, "InsertIfNoRHCSpace":false, "AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop":[[336,280],[300,250],[200,200],[250,250],[320,100],[320,50]], "AdUnitSizesInlineMobile":[[336,280],[300,250],[200,200],[250,250],[320,100],[320,50]], "AdUnitSizesRHC":[[300,1050],[300,600],[120,600],[160,600],[336,280],[300,250],[200,200],[250,250],[320,100],[320,50]], "CSSClass":"wvc-custom-ad", "ExtraHTML":"<div class=\"ad-text\">Advertisement</div>" } ], "Overrides":[ // StoryType-[type code] // StoryCategoriesCodes-[code] // StoryFormat-[code] // StoryLayout-[code] // StoryWidth-[full-width / standard] // StoryId-[code] // StoryFullNavPath-[nav code level 1]-[nav code level 2]-[nav code level …] { //If Full width story, increase spacing before first insertion" "Conditions":"StoryWidth-full-width", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "DesktopElementSpacingFirst":6, "MobileElementSpacingFirst":6 } }, { //If Category is quick/cryptic crossword =Insert Oneclick widget at bottom" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-115804,StoryCategoriesCodes-115803", "Operator":"Or", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Related_Content,Widget_NL_SignedIn,Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut,Widget_MP", "AddGroupsInline":"Widget_NL_Puzzles_Oneclick_SignedOut", "DesktopElementSpacingFirst":1, "MobileElementSpacingFirst":1 } }, { //If Category is wordoku =Insert Oneclick widget after "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-583", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Related_Content,Widget_NL_SignedIn,Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut,Widget_MP", "AddGroupsInline":"Widget_NL_Puzzles_Oneclick_SignedOut", "DesktopElementSpacingFirst":3, "MobileElementSpacingFirst":3 } }, { //Sign up to reaction page = Insert Oneclick widget after 1 para "Conditions":"StoryId-4016206", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Related_Content,Widget_NL_SignedIn,Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut,Widget_MP", "AddGroupsInline":"Widget_NL_Oneclick_Reaction", "DesktopElementSpacingFirst":1, "MobileElementSpacingFirst":1 } }, { //If category or nav is industry = Select industry one-click widget "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-39,StoryFullNavPath-101608", "Operator":"Or", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsAll":"Widget_NL_SignedIn,Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut", "AddGroupsAll":"Widget_NL_Oneclick_Industry" } }, { //If Category="Remove advert slots (inline)" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-115793", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Remove all slots (inline)" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-115794", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Related_Content,Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut,Widget_NL_Oneclick_Industry,Widget_NL_Puzzles_Oneclick_SignedOut,Widget_NL_Oneclick_Reaction" } }, { //If Category="Remove related reads" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-115798", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Related_Content" } } /* { //If Category="Slots (inline) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-999999", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads,Widgets" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (all) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-999999", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsAll":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (RHC) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-999999", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsRHC":"Ads" } }, { //If Category="Advert slots (inline) - Off" "Conditions":"StoryCategoriesCodes-999999", "Operator":"And", "Settings":{ "RemoveGroupsInline":"Ads" } }*/ ] } typeof advanceData!=='undefined'? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll = "Widget_NL_Oneclick_SignedOut" : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll = "Widget_NL_SignedIn" </script> <style> .story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner .newsletterSignup-widget { margin-bottom: 2rem; } </style> <script> $(window).trigger("wvcfe:globalenhancedadvertsinit", [event, EnhancedAdvertisingConfig]); (function(w, d) { if(window.NodeList && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) { NodeList.prototype.forEach = Array.prototype.forEach; } d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(event) { if(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots) { var enhAdDebug = false; if( localStorage.getItem('enh-ads-debug') == 'true' ) enhAdDebug = true; var sp = 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder'; var supportedTypes = ['gamadvert', 'customcontent']; var supportedPositions = ['inline', 'preferright', 'right']; var isDesktopResolution = w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches; var isStoryFullLayout = d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout'); var inlineCounter = 1; var rhcCounter = 1; var inlineAdCounter = 1; var rhcAdCounter = 1; var ticking = false; $('#story.enhanced-advertising .storytext > div.webonly').each( function(){ var t = $(this); t.replaceWith( t.html() ); }); var storyCustomContentPlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('#story.enhanced-advertising .storytext > *'); var maxRHCSlotsToFitIn = 0; var matches = function(el, selector) { return (el.matches || el.matchesSelector || el.msMatchesSelector || el.mozMatchesSelector || el.webkitMatchesSelector || el.oMatchesSelector).call(el, selector); }; var getClosestParent = function(elem, selector) { for(; elem && elem !== d; elem = elem.parentNode) { if(matches(elem, selector)) { return elem; } } return null; }; var storyType = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryTypeCode && el.StoryTypeCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryType-' + el.StoryTypeCode; }).join('') : ''; var storyFormat = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryFormatCode && el.StoryFormatCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryFormat-' + el.StoryFormatCode; }).join('') : ''; var storyLayout = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryLayoutCode && el.StoryLayoutCode != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryLayout-' + el.StoryLayoutCode; }).join('') : ''; //PWVD-780 var storyWidth = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryWidth && el.StoryWidth != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryWidth-' + el.StoryWidth; }).join('') : ''; var storyFullNavPath = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryFullNavPath && el.StoryFullNavPath != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.StoryFullNavPath; }).join('').split('|').filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null'; }).join('-') : ''; var storyCategoriesCodes = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryCategoriesCodes && el.StoryCategoriesCodes != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.StoryCategoriesCodes; }).join('').split('|').filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryCategoriesCodes-' + el; }) : []; var storyID = dataLayer ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryID && el.StoryID != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return 'StoryID-' + el.StoryID; }).filter(function(el) { return el && el != 'null' && el != 'StoryID-'; }).join('') : ''; storyFullNavPath = (storyFullNavPath ? 'StoryFullNavPath-' + storyFullNavPath : ''); var allDataLayerFilters = storyCategoriesCodes.concat([storyType, storyFormat, storyLayout, storyWidth, storyFullNavPath, storyID]).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert || 800); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd || 250); if('Overrides' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { if(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Overrides) { var overrides = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Overrides; var andOperator = function() { return (override.Conditions.toLowerCase().split(',').filter(function(el) { return el && el; }).every(function(el) { return allDataLayerFilters.indexOf(el) != -1; })); }; var orOperator = function(el) { return (override.Conditions.toLowerCase().split(',').filter(function(el) { return el && el; }).some(function(el) { return allDataLayerFilters.indexOf(el) != -1; })); }; for(var i = 0, iL = overrides.length; i < iL; i++) { var override = overrides[i]; var operatorFilter; if(override.Operator && override.Operator.toLowerCase() == 'and') { operatorFilter = andOperator; } else { operatorFilter = orOperator; } if(operatorFilter()) { if('Settings' in override) { if(override.Settings) { var settings = override.Settings; if('AddGroupsAll' in settings && settings.AddGroupsAll && isString(settings.AddGroupsAll)) { if(settings.AddGroupsAll.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll += ',' + settings.AddGroupsAll.toLowerCase(); } } if('AddGroupsInline' in settings && settings.AddGroupsInline && isString(settings.AddGroupsInline)) { if(settings.AddGroupsInline.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline += ',' + settings.AddGroupsInline.toLowerCase(); } } if('AddGroupsRHC' in settings && settings.AddGroupsRHC && isString(settings.AddGroupsRHC)) { if(settings.AddGroupsRHC.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC += ',' + settings.AddGroupsRHC.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsAll' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsAll && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsAll)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsAll.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsAll.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsInline' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsInline && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsInline)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsInline.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsInline.toLowerCase(); } } if('RemoveGroupsRHC' in settings && settings.RemoveGroupsRHC && isString(settings.RemoveGroupsRHC)) { if(settings.RemoveGroupsRHC.toLowerCase().toLowerCase().indexOf('[all]') != -1) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC = '[all]'; } else { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC += ',' + settings.RemoveGroupsRHC.toLowerCase(); } } if('Repeat' in settings && isBoolean(settings.Repeat)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRepeat = settings.Repeat; } if('DesktopMaxInlineSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMaxInlineSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxInlineSlots = settings.DesktopMaxInlineSlots; } if('MobileMaxInlineSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMaxInlineSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxInlineSlots = settings.MobileMaxInlineSlots; } if('DesktopMinRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMinRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMinRHCSlots = settings.DesktopMinRHCSlots; } if('MobileMinRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMinRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMinRHCSlots = settings.MobileMinRHCSlots; } if('DesktopMaxRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.DesktopMaxRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxRHCSlots = settings.DesktopMaxRHCSlots; } if('MobileMaxRHCSlots' in settings && isNumberPositiveOrZero(settings.MobileMaxRHCSlots)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxRHCSlots = settings.MobileMaxRHCSlots; } if('DesktopElementSpacingFirst' in settings && settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst && isNumberPositive(settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacingFirst = settings.DesktopElementSpacingFirst; } if('MobileElementSpacingFirst' in settings && settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst && isNumberPositive(settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacingFirst = settings.MobileElementSpacingFirst; } if('DesktopElementSpacing' in settings && settings.DesktopElementSpacing && isNumberPositive(settings.DesktopElementSpacing)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacing = settings.DesktopElementSpacing; } if('MobileElementSpacing' in settings && settings.MobileElementSpacing && isNumberPositive(settings.MobileElementSpacing)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacing = settings.MobileElementSpacing; } if('RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert' in settings && settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert && isNumberPositive(settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert = settings.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert; } if('RHCMinHeightForStickyAd' in settings && settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd && isNumberPositive(settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd = settings.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd; } if('CollapseEmptyDivs' in settings && isBoolean(settings.CollapseEmptyDivs)) { EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs = settings.CollapseEmptyDivs; } } } } } } } var paragraphThreshold = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacing : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacing; var paragraphFirstThreshold = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopElementSpacingFirst : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileElementSpacingFirst; var maxInlineSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxInlineSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxInlineSlots; var minRHCSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMinRHCSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMinRHCSlots; var maxRHCSlots = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsDesktopMaxRHCSlots : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsMobileMaxRHCSlots; var allAddGroups = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsAll : "").split(',').filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allAddInlineGroups = [].concat(allAddGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsInline : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allAddRHCGroups = [].concat(allAddGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsAddGroupsRHC : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveGroups = (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsAll : "").split(',').filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveInlineGroups = [].concat(allRemoveGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsInline : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); var allRemoveRHCGroups = [].concat(allRemoveGroups, (EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.StoryDynamicSlotsRemoveGroupsRHC : "").split(',')).map(function(m) { return m.toLowerCase(); }).filter(function(f) { return f; }).filter(function(x, i, a) { return a.indexOf(x) === i; }); EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.map(function(x, i) { x.Used = false; x.Index = i; if('Type' in x) { if(supportedTypes.indexOf(x.Type.toString().toLowerCase()) != -1) { x.Type = x.Type.toString().toLowerCase(); } else { x.Type = 'customcontent'; } } else { x.Type = 'customcontent'; } if('Position' in x) { if(supportedPositions.indexOf(x.Position.toString().toLowerCase()) != -1) { x.Position = x.Position.toString().toLowerCase(); } else { x.Position = 'inline'; } } else { x.Position = 'inline'; } if('CSSClass' in x) { x.CSSClass = x.CSSClass.toString().split(' ').join(',').split(',').filter(function(e) { return e && e; }).join(' '); } else { x.CSSClass = ''; } if('Group' in x) { x.Group = x.Group.toString().split(' ').join(',').split(',').filter(function(e) { return e && e; }).join(','); } else { x.Group = ''; } if('Sticky' in x) { if(x.Sticky.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.Sticky = true; } else { x.Sticky = false; } } else { x.Sticky = false; } if('InsertIfNoRHCSpace' in x) { if(x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = true; } else { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } } else { x.InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } if('MinHeight' in x) { x.MinHeight = parseInt(x.MinHeight.toString()); } else { x.MinHeight = 0; } if('NoBackfill' in x) { if(x.NoBackfill.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.NoBackfill = true; } else { x.NoBackfill = false; } } else { x.NoBackfill = false; } if('Refresh' in x) { if(x.Refresh.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true') { x.Refresh = true; } else { x.Refresh = false; } } else { x.Refresh = false; } if('ExtraHTML' in x) { if(x.ExtraHTML.toString()) { x.ExtraHTML = x.ExtraHTML.toString(); } else { x.ExtraHTML = ''; } } else { x.ExtraHTML = ''; } if('CustomEventName' in x) { if(x.CustomEventName.toString()) { x.CustomEventName = x.CustomEventName.toString(); } else { x.CustomEventName = ''; } } else { x.CustomEventName = ''; } if('Javascript' in x) { if(x.Javascript) { if(typeof x.Javascript === 'function') { x.Javascript = x.Javascript; } } else { x.Javascript = ''; } } else { x.Javascript = ''; } if('AdUnit' in x) { if(x.AdUnit.toString()) { x.AdUnit = x.AdUnit.toString(); } else { x.AdUnit = ''; } } else { x.AdUnit = ''; } if('AdUnitSizesInlineMobile' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile = x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesInlineMobileDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesInlineMobileDefault } if('AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop = x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesInlineDesktopDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesInlineDesktopDefault; } if('AdUnitSizesRHC' in x) { x.AdUnitSizesRHC = x.AdUnitSizesRHC; } else if('GAMAdUnitSizesRHCDefault' in EnhancedAdvertisingConfig) { x.AdUnitSizesRHC = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.GAMAdUnitSizesRHCDefault; } if('RefreshDelaySeconds' in x) { x.RefreshDelaySeconds = parseInt(x.RefreshDelaySeconds.toString(), 10); } else { x.RefreshDelaySeconds = 30; } return x; }); var storyInlineContent = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.filter(function(el) { return el && (el.Position.toLowerCase() == "inline" || ((!isDesktopResolution || isStoryFullLayout) && el.Position.toLowerCase() == "preferright")) && (el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allAddInlineGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allAddInlineGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }) && !(el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allRemoveInlineGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allRemoveInlineGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }); }); var storyRHCContent = isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Slots.filter(function(el) { return el && (el.Position.toLowerCase() == "right" || (isDesktopResolution && !isStoryFullLayout && el.Position.toLowerCase() == "preferright")) && (el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allAddRHCGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allAddRHCGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }) && !(el.Group || "").split(',').filter(function(subel) { return subel && subel != undefined; }).map(function(subel) { return subel.toLowerCase(); }).some(function(subel) { return allRemoveRHCGroups.indexOf(subel) != -1 || allRemoveRHCGroups.indexOf('[all]') != -1; }); }) : []; storyInlineContent.forEach( (c, ix) => c.inlineIndex = ix ); storyRHCContent.forEach( (c, ix) => c.rhcIndex = ix ); var googletag = w.googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; if( isNumberPositive(maxInlineSlots) ){ //PWVD-781 for(var tmpCounter = 0, i = 0, eL = storyCustomContentPlaceholders.length, adThresholdCounter = 1; i < eL; i++) { var currentIsPara = matches(storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i], 'p:not([class])'); var nextIsPara = (i + 1 < eL) && matches(storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i + 1], 'p:not([class])'); if( currentIsPara && !nextIsPara ){ //PWVD-897 - count paragraphs followed by any other element if(adThresholdCounter < (tmpCounter == 0 ? paragraphFirstThreshold : paragraphThreshold)) { adThresholdCounter++; continue; } } else if( currentIsPara && nextIsPara ) { if(adThresholdCounter < (tmpCounter == 0 ? paragraphFirstThreshold : paragraphThreshold)) { adThresholdCounter++; continue; } tmpCounter++; adThresholdCounter = 1; storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i].outerHTML = storyCustomContentPlaceholders[i].outerHTML + "<div class=\"story-inlinecontent-placeholder story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init item-notin-viewport\" data-storyinlinecontainer=\"" + tmpCounter + "\"><div class=\"story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner\" data-id=\"story-inline-item-" + tmpCounter + "\" data-storyinlineitem=\"" + tmpCounter + "\"></div></div>"; if(tmpCounter >= maxInlineSlots && maxInlineSlots) break; } } } if(d.querySelector('#story.enhanced-advertising:not(.story-full-layout) #rightcolumn_sleeve')) { if(!(d.body.id == "story" || d.body.id == "story_custom") && !d.querySelector('.storytext div.table-full:not(.initialized)')) { w.addEventListener("abacus:storytexttablefull:finished", function(e) { adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); }, true); } else { adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); } } if('IntersectionObserver' in w && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in w && 'intersectionRatio' in w.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { var inlineAdsObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return inlineAdsObserverCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "50px 0px 50px 0px", threshold: [0, 0.01, 0.99, 1] }); inlineAdsObserver.observe(el); } }); var inlineAdsObserverCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.remove('item-notin-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-in-viewport'); } else { entry.target.classList.remove('item-in-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-notin-viewport'); } }); }; d.querySelectorAll('.storytext-end, #rhcreflow-extra-end').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { var adsInViewportObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return adsInViewportObserverCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "0px 0px 200px 0px", threshold: [1] }); adsInViewportObserver.observe(el); } }); var adsInViewportObserverCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { if(entry.target.classList.contains('storytext-end') && d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-inline-init')) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-storytext-endreached'); } // RHC is empty at load time so it always fires as in viewport, need to check whether rhc ads slots already init if(entry.target.classList.contains('rhcreflow-extra-end') && d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-rhc-init')) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-endreached'); } /* if(entry.target.id === 'rhcreflow-extra'){ //Fix for issue when RHC is not in initial viewport if( location.host.indexOf('abasoftaws.co.uk') > 0 ) console.log('New observer callback'); readjusRHCHeight(); } */ } }); }; } var inlineEl = d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing)'); if(inlineEl) { googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-inline-init'); insertInlineSlot(inlineEl); console.log('Init inline ad slot load'); }); } function slotRender(event){ var el, slot = event.slot, slotId = slot.getSlotElementId(); if(enhAdDebug) console.log('Slot render: ' + slotId); if(slotId == 'custom-inline'){ el = document.querySelector(`div.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner[data-id="story-inline-item-${event.dataId}"]`); //Get inline slot (does not have ID) //if(!el) // el = document.querySelector(`div.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-inner[data-id="story-inline-item-${event.inlineIndex+1}"]`); } else el = d.getElementById(slotId); if(el) { var minHeight = 0; var parentInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); var parentRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(parentInlineNode || parentRHCNode) { var classList = el.classList; if(parentInlineNode) { parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad'); var index = parseInt(parentInlineNode.hasAttribute('data-index') ? parentInlineNode.getAttribute('data-index') : '0', 10); if(!event.isEmpty) { classList.add('ad'); classList.add('mob-ad-50'); classList.add('ad-story-inline'); classList.add('ad-story-inline-notempty'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-size-' + event.size.join('x')); parentInlineNode.setAttribute('data-slot', slot.getAdUnitPath()); var currentInlineSlot = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentInlineSlot.length) { minHeight = currentInlineSlot[0].MinHeight; if(currentInlineSlot[0].Repeat == false) { currentInlineSlot[0].Used = true; } } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); insertInlineSlot(d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)')); } else { classList.add('ad-story-inline-isempty'); var currentInlineSlot = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentInlineSlot.length) { minHeight = currentInlineSlot[0].MinHeight; currentInlineSlot[0].Used = true; } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } if(parentInlineNode && parentInlineNode.hasAttribute('data-nobackfill')) { if(parentInlineNode.getAttribute('data-nobackfill') == '1') { updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); if(!storyInlineContent.some(function(el) { return el.Used == false; })) { finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); } else { insertInlineSlot(d.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)')); } initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } // Move to next from the list if( storyInlineContent.some( function(e){ return e.Used == false; } ) ) { if(enhAdDebug) console.log('slotRender: parentInlineNode: Move to next from the list') var adRetryCssClass = 'ad-story-inline-retry'; var nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index > index && e.Used == false; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // select repeatable ads nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Index > index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // if no repeatable ads by indexed order then start from the beginning or just pick any existing nextInlineSlotList = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextInlineSlotList.length) { // no more ads to add d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-inline-runoutofslots'); finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } } var mapInlineAdItem = nextInlineSlotList[0]; var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; googletag.destroySlots([slot]); if(mapInlineAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapInlineAdItem.Refresh; } if(mapInlineAdItem.Repeat) { parentInlineNode.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { parentInlineNode.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, slotId); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapInlineAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with inline ad slot \'' + slotId + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } googletag.display(slotId); el.classList.add(adRetryCssClass); parentInlineNode.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); if(mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML) { var extraHTMLEl = parentInlineNode.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML; } } else { var extraHTMLEl = parentInlineNode.querySelector('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = ''; } } } else { // no slots to add.. finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(parentInlineNode.classList, true); } } } else if(parentRHCNode) { parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad'); var index = parseInt(parentRHCNode.hasAttribute('data-index') ? parentRHCNode.getAttribute('data-index') : '0', 10); if(!event.isEmpty) { classList.add('ad-rhc'); classList.add('ad-story-rhc'); classList.add('ad-story-rhc-notempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-size-' + event.size.join('x')); parentRHCNode.setAttribute('data-slot', slot.getAdUnitPath()); var currentRHCSlot = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentRHCSlot.length) { minHeight = currentRHCSlot[0].MinHeight; if(currentRHCSlot[0].Repeat == false) { currentRHCSlot[0].Used = true; } if(currentRHCSlot[0].InsertIfNoRHCSpace) { currentRHCSlot[0].InsertIfNoRHCSpace = false; } } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); parentRHCNode.classList.add((event.isEmpty ? 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty')); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); var canAddRHC = isStoryTextTallerThanRHC(); if( ( index > 0 && !d.body.classList.contains('enhanced-advertising-inline-completed') && parentRHCNode.classList.contains('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky') ) || ( canAddRHC.canAdd && parentRHCNode.classList.contains('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky') && canAddRHC.delta > EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForStickyAd ) ){ parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-sticky'); } } else { classList.add('ad-story-rhc-isempty'); var currentRHCSlot = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Index == index; }); if(currentRHCSlot.length) { currentRHCSlot[0].Used = true; } else { console.log('Slot with index [data-index="' + index + '"] was not found'); } if(parentRHCNode && parentRHCNode.hasAttribute('data-nobackfill')) { if(parentRHCNode.getAttribute('data-nobackfill') == '1') { updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); if(!storyRHCContent.some(function(el) { return el.Used == false; })) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-runoutofslots'); finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, true); } initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } // Move to next from the list if(enhAdDebug){ console.log('slotRender: parentRHCNode: storyRHCContent: index: ' + index); console.log(storyRHCContent); } if(storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var adRetryCssClass = 'ad-story-rhc-retry'; var nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { if(enhAdDebug) console.log('%c Current index: ' + e.Index + ', slot data index: ' + index, 'color: #0C6') return e.Index > index && e.Used == false; }); if(enhAdDebug){ console.log('%c slotRender: parentRHCNode: Moved to next from the list', 'color: #06C'); console.log(nextRHCSlotList); } if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // select repeatable ads nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Index > index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // if no repeatable ads by indexed order then start from the beginning or just pick any existing nextRHCSlotList = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!nextRHCSlotList.length) { // no more ads to add finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, false); //updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); initRHCHeightCalc(); return; } } } var mapRHCAdItem = nextRHCSlotList[0]; var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; googletag.destroySlots([slot]); if(mapRHCAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapRHCAdItem.Refresh; } if(mapRHCAdItem.Repeat) { parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { parentRHCNode.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'customcontent'){ //Custom content (RSCCS-540) if(enhAdDebug) console.log('Next RHC config item is custom content'); adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds(); } else if(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit){ //Google ad var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, slotId); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping( googletag.sizeMapping().build() ).setTargeting( 'refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false') ).setTargeting( 'refreshdelayseconds', mapRHCAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile) ).setCollapseEmptyDiv( EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); } else { console.warn('SlotRender: Something wrong with RHC ad slot \'' + slotId + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } googletag.display(slotId); } el.classList.add(adRetryCssClass); parentRHCNode.setAttribute('data-index', mapRHCAdItem.Index); if(mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML) { var extraHTMLEl = parentRHCNode.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML; } } else { var extraHTMLEl = parentRHCNode.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml'); if(extraHTMLEl) { extraHTMLEl.innerHTML = ''; } } } else { // no slots to add.. finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(parentRHCNode.classList, false); } } } if(parentInlineNode) { updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(parentInlineNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); } else { //updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty, minHeight); updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(parentRHCNode, event.isEmpty); } } } initRHCHeightCalc(); } googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRequested', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); if(el) { var parentInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); var parentRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(parentInlineNode || parentRHCNode) { if(parentInlineNode) { parentInlineNode.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-init'); } else { parentRHCNode.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init'); } } } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { var sId = event.slot.getSlotElementId(); if( enhAdDebug && sId.includes('story-rhcad') || sId.includes('story-inlinead') ){ console.log(`%c Slot RENDER END (${sId})`, 'color: #FE2ACA'); console.log(event); //loadOrRender(sId, 'render', event); } slotRender(event); }); if(enhAdDebug){ //Track slot load events googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotOnload', (evLoad) => { var sId = evLoad.slot.getSlotElementId(); if( sId.includes('story-rhcad') || sId.includes('story-inlinead') ){ console.log(`%c Slot LOAD (${ evLoad.slot.getSlotElementId() })`, 'color: #C00;'); console.log(event); //loadOrRender(sId, 'load'); } }); } googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotVisibilityChanged', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; if(slot.getTargeting('refresh').indexOf('true') > -1 && event.inViewPercentage > 0) { var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); var parentStoryInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-inline'); var parentStoryRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-rhc'); if(parentStoryInlineNode || parentStoryRHCNode) { if(parentStoryInlineNode) { var inlineEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); if(inlineEl) { if(inlineEl.hasAttribute('data-shouldrefresh')) { var shouldRefresh = inlineEl.getAttribute('data-shouldrefresh'); if(shouldRefresh && shouldRefresh == '1') { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryInlineNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-inline-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryInlineNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); classList.add('ad-story-inline-refreshed'); inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } } } } else { var rhcEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(rhcEl) { if(rhcEl.hasAttribute('data-shouldrefresh')) { var shouldRefresh = rhcEl.getAttribute('data-shouldrefresh'); if(shouldRefresh && shouldRefresh == '1') { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryRHCNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-rhc-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryRHCNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); classList.add('ad-story-rhc-refreshed'); rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } } } } } } }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; if(slot.getTargeting('refresh').indexOf('true') > -1) { var refreshdelayseconds = slot.getTargeting('refreshdelayseconds').length ? parseInt(slot.getTargeting('refreshdelayseconds')[0], 10) : 0; if(refreshdelayseconds) { setTimeout(function() { var el = d.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); var parentStoryInlineNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-inline'); var parentStoryRHCNode = getClosestParent(el, '.ad-story-rhc'); if(parentStoryInlineNode) { var inlineEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); if(inlineEl) { if(inlineEl.classList.contains('item-in-viewport')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryInlineNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-inline-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryInlineNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } else { inlineEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '1'); } } } else if(parentStoryRHCNode) { var rhcEl = getClosestParent(el, '.story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(rhcEl) { if(rhcEl.classList.contains('item-in-viewport')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().refresh([slot], { changeCorrelator: false }); }); var classList = parentStoryRHCNode.classList; var cssClassName = 'ad-story-rhc-refreshed-'; var cssClassCounter = 1; for(var i = 0, c = parentStoryRHCNode.className.split(' '), iL = c.length; i < iL; i++) { var v = c[i]; if(v.indexOf(cssClassName) != -1) { cssClassCounter = parseInt(v.split(cssClassName).join(''), 10) + 1; classList.remove(v); break; } } classList.add(cssClassName + cssClassCounter); rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); } else { rhcEl.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '1'); } } } }, refreshdelayseconds * 1000); } else { console.log('Ad refresh delay in seconds is incorrect (slot: ' + slot.getSlotElementId() + '): ', refreshdelayseconds); } } }); }); function isBoolean(n) { return !!n === n; } function isNumber(n) { return +n === n; } function isString(n) { return '' + n === n; } function isNumberPositive(n) { return +n === n && n > 0; } function isNumberPositiveOrZero(n) { return +n === n && n >= 0; } function isArrayOfArrays(a) { return a.every(function(x) { return Array.isArray(x); }); } function getAbsoluteHeight(element) { if(!element) return 0; var styles = w.getComputedStyle(element); var margin = parseFloat(styles['margin-top']) + parseFloat(styles['margin-bottom']); var minHeight = element.clientHeight; return Math.ceil(minHeight ? minHeight + margin : element.offsetHeight + margin); } function updateRHCContainerState() { var classList = d.body.classList; if(!d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed').length) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty'); } else { d.body.classList.remove('enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty'); } } function insertRHCSlot(el) { if(el) { el.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); } if(el && storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var classList = el.classList; var placeholder = el.querySelector('[data-id]'); var tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent; if(placeholder) { var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return slotIndex < e.Index && e.Used == false; }); if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && slotIndex < e.Index && e.Repeat == true; }); } if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { tempFilteredRHCAds = storyRHCContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); } if(!tempFilteredRHCAds.length) { finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, false); return; } var mapRHCAdItem = tempFilteredRHCAds[0]; classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); if(mapRHCAdItem.CSSClass) { mapRHCAdItem.CSSClass.split(' ').forEach(function(elem) { if(elem) { classList.add(elem); } }); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'gamadvert') { if(placeholder) { var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '0'); if(mapRHCAdItem.Sticky) { classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-canbesticky'); placeholder.classList.add('sticky'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.NoBackfill) { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '1'); } else { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '0'); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapRHCAdItem.Refresh; } var mapRHCAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit, mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesRHC, 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter); if(mapRHCAdItemSlot) { mapRHCAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapRHCAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with rhc ad slot \'' + 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter + '\', size(s) \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnitSizesRHC.join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } if(refresh) { el.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-refresh-true'); } else { classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-refresh-false'); } classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad'); placeholder.id = 'story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter; placeholder.outerHTML = '<div class="story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml">' + mapRHCAdItem.ExtraHTML + '</div>' + placeholder.outerHTML; el.setAttribute('data-slot', mapRHCAdItem.AdUnit); googletag.display('story-rhcad-' + rhcAdCounter); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyrhcaditeminit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); if(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName, [el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapRHCAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapRHCAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcAdCounter, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type); } } rhcAdCounter++; } } else if(mapRHCAdItem.Type == 'customcontent') { el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '1'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-customcontent'); if(placeholder) { placeholder.innerHTML = mapRHCAdItem.HTML; classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyrhcitemajaxinit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); if(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapRHCAdItem.CustomEventName, [$(el), $(placeholder), mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type]); } if(mapRHCAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapRHCAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapRHCAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapRHCAdItem, rhcCounter, false, 'rhc', mapRHCAdItem.Type); } } el.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); } } el.setAttribute('data-index', mapRHCAdItem.Index); rhcCounter++; } else { console.log('Missing placeholder: [data-id="story-rhc-item-' + rhcCounter + '"]'); } } else if(el) { // All slots are used, mark current slot placeholder and the rest ones as completed and used var classList = el.classList; finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, false); } else { console.log('Missing RHC element'); } } function insertInlineSlot(el) { if(el) { el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); } if(el && storyInlineContent.some(function(e) { return e.Used == false; })) { var classList = el.classList; var placeholder = el.querySelector('[data-id]'); var tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent; if(placeholder) { var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e){ return slotIndex < e.Index && e.Used == false; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && slotIndex < e.Index && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { // start from the first repeatable ad index tempFilteredInlineAds = storyInlineContent.filter(function(e) { return e.Used == false && e.Repeat == true; }); if(!tempFilteredInlineAds.length) { finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, true); return; } } } var mapInlineAdItem = tempFilteredInlineAds[0]; classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); if(mapInlineAdItem.CSSClass) { mapInlineAdItem.CSSClass.split(' ').forEach(function(elem) { if(elem) { classList.add(elem); } }); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Type == 'gamadvert') { var refresh = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.Refresh; el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '0'); el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad'); if(mapInlineAdItem.Sticky) { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-sticky'); placeholder.classList.add('sticky'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.NoBackfill) { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '1'); } else { el.setAttribute('data-nobackfill', '0'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Repeat) { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-true'); } else { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-repeat-false'); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Refresh) { refresh = mapInlineAdItem.Refresh; } var mapInlineAdItemSlot = googletag.defineSlot(mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit, isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile, 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter); if(mapInlineAdItemSlot) { mapInlineAdItemSlot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().build()).setTargeting('refresh', (refresh ? 'true' : 'false')).setTargeting('refreshdelayseconds', mapInlineAdItem.RefreshDelaySeconds || (isDesktopResolution ? EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultDesktop : EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RefreshDelaySecondsDefaultMobile)).setCollapseEmptyDiv(EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.CollapseEmptyDivs, false).addService(googletag.pubads()); } else { console.warn('Something wrong with inline ad slot \'' + 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter + '\', size(s) \'' + (isDesktopResolution ? mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineDesktop : mapInlineAdItem.AdUnitSizesInlineMobile).join('x') + '\', path \'' + mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit + '\''); } if(refresh) { el.setAttribute('data-shouldrefresh', '0'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-refresh-true'); } else { classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-refresh-false'); } placeholder.id = 'story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter; placeholder.outerHTML = '<div class="story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-extrahtml">' + mapInlineAdItem.ExtraHTML + '</div>' + placeholder.outerHTML; el.setAttribute('data-slot', mapInlineAdItem.AdUnit); googletag.display('story-inlinead-' + inlineAdCounter); $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyinlineaditeminit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); if(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName, [el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapInlineAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapInlineAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineAdCounter, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type); } } inlineAdCounter++; } else if(mapInlineAdItem.Type == 'customcontent') { el.setAttribute('data-storycustomcontent', '1'); el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-customcontent'); placeholder.innerHTML = mapInlineAdItem.HTML; $(w).trigger("wvcfe:storyinlineitemajaxinit", [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); if(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName) { $(w).trigger(mapInlineAdItem.CustomEventName, [$(el), $(placeholder), mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type]); } if(mapInlineAdItem.Javascript) { if(typeof mapInlineAdItem.Javascript === 'function') { mapInlineAdItem.Javascript.call(this, el, placeholder, mapInlineAdItem, inlineCounter, false, 'inline', mapInlineAdItem.Type.toLowerCase()); } } el.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); var inlineCustomEvent = { dataId: (mapInlineAdItem.Index+1), slot: { getSlotElementId: function(){ return 'custom-inline'; }, getAdUnitPath: function(){return 'custom-inline'} }, isEmpty: false, size:[0,0] }; el.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); slotRender(inlineCustomEvent); //$(w).trigger('abacus:inlinecontentrender', inlineCustomEvent); } el.setAttribute('data-index', mapInlineAdItem.Index); //el.setAttribute('data-index', inlineCounter); inlineCounter++; } else { console.log('Missing placeholder: [data-id="story-inline-item-' + inlineCounter + '"]'); } } else if(el) { // All slots are used, mark current slot placeholder and the rest ones as completed and used var classList = el.classList; finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, true); } else { console.log('Missing inline element'); } } function finalizeRemainingEmptyRHCSlotContainers(classList, processremaining) { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); if(processremaining) { for(var i = 0, elems = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'), iL = elems.length; i < iL; i++) { var e = elems[i]; if(e) { var c = e.classList; c.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-init'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); c.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished'); } } } } function finalizeRemainingEmptyInlineSlotContainers(classList, processremaining) { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); if(processremaining) { for(var i = 0, elems = d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-processing)'), iL = elems.length; i < iL; i++) { var e = elems[i]; if(e) { var c = e.classList; c.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-runoutofslots'); c.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished'); } } } } function updateInlinePlaceholderClasses(node, status, minHeight) { node.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty'); node.classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-notempty'); node.classList.add((status ? 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-inlinecontent-placeholder-notempty')); node.classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); if(!status) { var computedMinHeightValue = w.getComputedStyle(node).minHeight || 0; var computedMinHeight = parseInt(computedMinHeightValue, 10); if(minHeight > computedMinHeight) { node.style.minHeight = minHeight + 'px'; } } } function updateRHCPlaceholderClasses(node, status) { node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init'); node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty'); node.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty'); node.classList.add((status ? 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty' : 'story-rhccontent-placeholder-notempty')); node.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-completed'); } function initRHCHeightCalc() { updateRHCFirstandLastItemStyles(); // readjust height if no in progress/loading ads as the height might change on storytext or RHC if(!d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed.story-rhccontent-placeholder-ad-init').length) { readjusRHCHeight(); } else { setTimeout(function() { initRHCHeightCalc(); }, 0); } } function isInViewport(element) { var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(); var height = w.innerHeight || d.documentElement.clientHeight; var width = w.innerWidth || d.documentElement.clientWidth; return ( rect.right >= 0 && rect.bottom >= 0 && rect.left <= width && rect.top <= height ); } function processElementsInViewport() { var adsInlinePlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('.storytext .story-inlinecontent-placeholder'); //PWVD-893 : change from rhccontent var adsRHCPlaceholders = d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra .story-rhccontent-placeholder'); if(adsInlinePlaceholders || adsRHCPlaceholders) { if(adsInlinePlaceholders) { adsInlinePlaceholders.forEach(function(el) { var classList = el.classList; if(!isInViewport(el)) { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); } else { classList.remove('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); classList.add('story-inlinecontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); } }); } else { adsRHCPlaceholders.forEach(function(el) { var classList = el.classList; if(!isInViewport(el)) { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); } else { classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isnotinviewport'); classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-isinviewport'); } }); } } } function adjustRHCHeightAndInitialAds() { var output = []; var googletag = w.googletag || {}; var rhcreflowExtra = d.querySelector('#rhcreflow-extra'); if(rhcreflowExtra) { rhcreflowExtra.innerHTML = ''; minRHCSlotsToFitIn = (minRHCSlots > 0 ? minRHCSlots : 2); maxRHCSlotsToFitIn = (maxRHCSlots > 0 ? maxRHCSlots : 0); for(var i = 0, iL = Math.max(storyRHCContent.length, maxRHCSlotsToFitIn); i < iL; i++) { rhcCounter = i + 1; output.push("<div class=\"story-rhccontent-placeholder story-rhccontent-placeholder-init item-notin-viewport\" data-storyrhccontainer=\"" + rhcCounter + "\"><div class=\"story-rhccontent-placeholder-inner\" data-id=\"story-rhc-item-" + rhcCounter + "\" data-storyrhcitem=\"" + rhcCounter + "\"></div></div>"); if(rhcCounter >= maxRHCSlotsToFitIn) break; } d.querySelector('#rhcreflow-extra').innerHTML = output.join(''); if('IntersectionObserver' in w && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in w && 'intersectionRatio' in w.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init').forEach(function(el) { if(el) { observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { return observerCallback(entries); }, { root: null, rootMargin: "50px 0px 50px 0px", threshold: [0, 0.01, 0.99, 1] }); observer.observe(el); } }); var observerCallback = function(entries) { return entries.forEach(function(entry, i) { if(entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.remove('item-notin-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-in-viewport'); } else { entry.target.classList.remove('item-in-viewport'); entry.target.classList.add('item-notin-viewport'); } }); } } googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var rhcEl = d.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'); var hasAnyRHCLoadedBefore = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); if(rhcEl && !hasAnyRHCLoadedBefore.length) { insertRHCSlot(rhcEl); d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-init'); } }); updateRHCContainerState(); } } function isStoryTextTallerThanRHC() { var calcHeight = 0; if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { var h = 0, colmain = d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight; d.querySelectorAll('#rightcolumn_sleeve > *:not(#rhcreflow-extra)').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra > *').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); return { "canAdd": colmain > calcHeight, "delta": colmain - calcHeight }; } else { return { "canAdd": false, "delta": 0 }; } } function canAddRHCItem() { // check whether inline and RHC ads finished loading, otherwise ignore var storyRHCSlotHeight = EnhancedAdvertisingConfig.RHCMinHeightForSlotInsert; var calcHeight = 0; if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { var h = 0, innerChild = 0; d.querySelectorAll('#rightcolumn_sleeve > *:not(#rhcreflow-extra)').forEach(function(item) { h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra > *').forEach(function(item) { //innerChild = (item || item.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder-inner') || item.firstChild); //h = getAbsoluteHeight(innerChild); //if (h == 0) { // h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); //} h = getAbsoluteHeight(item); item.setAttribute('data-height', h); calcHeight += h; }); var result = { "canAddRHCItem": d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight > calcHeight + storyRHCSlotHeight, "colmainTaller": d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight > calcHeight }; return result; } else { return { "canAddRHCItem": false, "colmainTaller": false }; } } function readjusRHCHeight() { if(w.matchMedia("screen and (min-width: 1023px)").matches && !d.body.classList.contains('story-full-layout')) { d.getElementById('rightcolumn_sleeve').style.minHeight = d.getElementById('colmain').clientHeight + 'px'; } var elemsIndexes = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed[data-index]'); var slotIndex = elemsIndexes.length ? parseInt(elemsIndexes[elemsIndexes.length - 1].getAttribute('data-index'), 10) : -1; var rhcEl = d.querySelector('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing)'); var canAdd = canAddRHCItem(); var hasInsertIfNoRHCSpace = storyRHCContent.some(function(e) { return e.InsertIfNoRHCSpace == true && e.Used == false && e.Index > slotIndex; }); if(!rhcEl || (!canAdd.canAddRHCItem && !hasInsertIfNoRHCSpace && !d.querySelectorAll('.story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init:not(.story-inlinecontent-processing)').length)) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-rhc-completed'); } else { d.body.classList.remove('enhanced-advertising-rhc-completed'); } //var rhcElementsInitialised = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished)'); var rhcElementsInitialised = d.querySelectorAll('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-finished):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty)'); //var rhcElemInit = $('.story-rhccontent-placeholder.story-rhccontent-placeholder-completed'); //PWVD-749 //var classesToExclude = ['init', 'processing', 'finished'].map( cls => '.story-rhccontent-placeholder-' + cls); //, 'isempty' //rhcElemInit = rhcElemInit.find( classesToExclude.join(',') ).remove(); if(rhcEl && (canAdd.canAddRHCItem || hasInsertIfNoRHCSpace) && rhcElementsInitialised.length == 0) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { insertRHCSlot(rhcEl); }); } } function updateRHCFirstandLastItemStyles() { d.querySelectorAll('#rhcreflow-extra > *:not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-init):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-processing):not(.story-rhccontent-placeholder-isempty)').forEach(function(item, index, data) { item.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-first'); item.classList.remove('story-rhccontent-placeholder-last'); if(index == 0) { item.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-first'); } if(index == data.length - 1) { item.classList.add('story-rhccontent-placeholder-last'); } }); if((d.querySelectorAll('.storytext .story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-completed').length == d.querySelectorAll('.storytext .story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-finished').length) && !d.querySelectorAll('.storytext .story-inlinecontent-placeholder.story-inlinecontent-placeholder-init').length) { d.body.classList.add('enhanced-advertising-inline-completed'); } else { d.body.classList.remove('enhanced-advertising-inline-completed'); } } w.addEventListener('scroll', function(e) { if(!ticking) { w.requestAnimationFrame(function() { processElementsInViewport(); readjusRHCHeight(); ticking = false; }); ticking = true; } }, true); w.addEventListener('resize', function(e) { if(!ticking) { w.requestAnimationFrame(function() { processElementsInViewport(); readjusRHCHeight(); ticking = false; }); ticking = true; } }, true); w.addEventListener("abacus:loadcontent:complete", function(evt, context) { readjusRHCHeight(); }, true); if(d.querySelector('#story .storytext img.lazyload')) { d.addEventListener('lazyloaded', function(e) { if(w.googletag && googletag.apiReady) { if(getClosestParent(e.target, '.storytext')) { readjusRHCHeight(); } } }); } w.addEventListener("abacus:advertb:loaded", function(evt, context) { readjusRHCHeight(); }, true); w.addEventListener("abacus:gamadvert:loaded", function(evt, context) { readjusRHCHeight(); }, true); w.addEventListener("abacus:readjusrhcheight", function(evt, context) { readjusRHCHeight(); }, true); //w.addEventListener('abacus:inlinecontentrender', function(customEvent) { // slotRender(customEvent); //}, true); } }); })(window, document); </script>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.chemistryworld.com/common/css/story_2024.css?v=202407161007" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.setAttributeNode(d.createAttribute('data-ot-ignore'));j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MS3J9G');</script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PPW2GJH');</script>    <script type='text/javascript'> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function() { var isStory = document.querySelector('body#story') != null; var isSpin = document.querySelector('body#spin2') != null; var isAvStory = document.querySelector('body#story.story-style-6, body#story.story-style-5') != null; var isOther = (!isSpin && !isStory && !isAvStory); /* || Size Mapping || */ var mapMpuAD = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([0, 0], [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]]). build(); var mapMpuB = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([1024, 0], [[300, 1050], [300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250]]). addSize([0, 0], [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]]). build(); var mapMpuCEF = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([1024, 0], [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250]]). addSize([0, 0], [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]]). build(); var mapLeaderboard = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([1024, 0], [[970, 250], [980, 90], [980, 120], [970, 90], [728, 90]]). addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90], [468, 60]]). addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]). build(); /* || Targeting for all slots || */ googletag.pubads().setTargeting('UserState', ((typeof advanceData === 'undefined' || advanceData === null)) ? 'Signed out' : 'Signed in'); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('UserSubState', ((typeof advanceData === 'undefined' || advanceData === null) && (IPState.useripstate)) ? 'IP signed out' : (typeof advanceData === 'undefined' || advanceData === null) ? 'Casual' : (advanceData !== undefined && advanceData.imis !== undefined) ? 'Member' : (advanceData !== undefined && advanceData.products !== undefined) ? 'Subscriber' : (advanceData !== undefined && (IPState.useripstate)) ? 'IP signed in' : 'Registered'); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('PrimaryNav', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.PrimaryNavCurrent && el.PrimaryNavCurrent != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.PrimaryNavCurrent; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('PageTitle', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.Title && el.Title != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.Title; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('HasReferrer', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.HasReferrer && el.HasReferrer != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.HasReferrer; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('IPAccess', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.IPAccess && el.IPAccess != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.IPAccess; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('IPOrg', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.IPOrg && el.IPOrg != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.IPOrg; }).join('') : ''); if (isStory) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting('StoryID', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.StoryID && el.StoryID != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.StoryID; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Bylines', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.Bylines && el.Bylines != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.Bylines; }).join('') : ''); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Categories', (dataLayer) ? dataLayer.filter(function(el) { return el && el.Categories && el.Categories != 'null'; }).map(function(el) { return el.Categories; }).join('') : ''); }; /* || Define and call slots for specific pages || */ /* Story */ if (isStory) { // Leaderboard Top googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/Leaderboard_Top', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()); //Leaderboard bottom googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_Bottom_Leaderboard', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1579525223270-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU C googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_Related', [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-5'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuCEF). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU D googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_Comments', [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-3'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuAD). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU E googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_More', [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-4'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuCEF). addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 4, renderMarginPercent: 2, mobileScaling: 2.0 }); googletag.enableServices(); }; /* SPIN */ if (isSpin) { var slots = [ // Leaderboard Top googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/Leaderboard_Top', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()), // Leaderboard Inline 1 googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_Leaderboard_Inline_1', [[320, 50], [970, 90], [970, 250], [980, 90], [980, 120], [468, 60], [320, 100], [728, 90]], 'div-gpt-ad-leadeboard-inline-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()), // Leaderboard Inline 2 googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_Leaderboard_Inline_2', [[320, 50], [970, 90], [970, 250], [980, 90], [980, 120], [468, 60], [320, 100], [728, 90]], 'div-gpt-ad-leadeboard-inline-2') .defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()), // Leaderboard Inline 3 googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_Leaderboard_Inline_3', [[320, 50], [970, 90], [970, 250], [980, 90], [980, 120], [468, 60], [320, 100], [728, 90]], 'div-gpt-ad-leadeboard-inline-3') .defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard) .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()) ]; googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); googletag.pubads().refresh([slots[0]]); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 4, renderMarginPercent: 2, mobileScaling: 2.0 }); googletag.pubads().refresh([slots[1], slots[2], slots[3]]); }; // AV story if (isAvStory) { // Leaderboard Top googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/Leaderboard_Top', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()); //Leaderboard bottom googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_Bottom_Leaderboard', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1579525223270-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU A googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/MPU_Top', [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-2'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuAD). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU C googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_Related', [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-5'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuCEF). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU D googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_Comments', [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-3'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuAD). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU E googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_More', [[300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-4'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuCEF). addService(googletag.pubads()); // MPU F googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/CW_MPU_AV', [[300, 250], [160, 600], [300, 600], [320, 50], [200, 200], [320, 100], [250, 250], [336, 280], [120, 600]], 'div-gpt-ad-1594300296324-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuCEF). addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 4, renderMarginPercent: 2, mobileScaling: 2.0 }); googletag.enableServices(); }; /* Other pages (not enhanced ads) */ if (isOther) { var slots = [ // Leaderboard Top googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/Leaderboard_Top', [[970, 250], [980, 90], [970, 90], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-0'). defineSizeMapping(mapLeaderboard). addService(googletag.pubads()), // MPU A googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/MPU_Top', [[336, 280], [300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [200, 200], [250, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-2'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuAD). addService(googletag.pubads()), // MPU B googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/MPU_Bottom', [[300, 1050], [300, 600], [120, 600], [160, 600], [336, 280], [300, 250], [200, 200], [250, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-1469192590885-1'). defineSizeMapping(mapMpuB). addService(googletag.pubads()) ]; googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); googletag.pubads().refresh([slots[0]]); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 4, renderMarginPercent: 2, mobileScaling: 2.0 }); googletag.pubads().refresh([slots[1], slots[2]]); }; }); </script> </head> <body id="story" class="M1-master js-disabled story-style-1 story-format-28 story-type-1106 enhanced-advertising enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty">  <noscript><iframe 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data-menu-toggle-button="" aria-expanded="false"><span> More<span class="assistive"> navigation items</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="desktopNavigationSpace"></div> </div> </header>  <div id="eme-fixed-banner"></div> <div id="wrapper_sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <div class="storyLayout standard"></div> <div class="headerWrapper"> <div class="container titleByline"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="storyPrimaryNav"><a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news">News</a></div> <div class="story_title"> <h1>Half the world’s supply of element 99 used to reveal its chemical secrets</h1> </div> <p class="byline meta">By <span class="author"><a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/katrina-krämer/1630.bio" rel="author" class="bylinePicture"><img alt="Katrina Krämer" loading="lazy" src="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/50x50/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Ft%2Fx%2Fc%2Fkatrinakramer_1082_043.jpg" srcset="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/50x50/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Ft%2Fx%2Fc%2Fkatrinakramer_1082_043.jpg 50w" width="50" height="50" class="lazyloaded" /></a><a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/katrina-krämer/1630.bio" rel="author">Katrina Krämer</a></span><span class="date" data-date-timezone="{"publishdate": "2021-02-04T14:30:00","format": "D MMMM YYYY"}">2021-02-04T14:30:00+00:00</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="columns" class="container"> <div id="colwrapper" class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="colmain" role="main" class="restrictedcontent"> <div id="content"> <div id="content_sleeve"> <div class="contentWrapper"> <div class="storyContentWrapper"> <div class="pageOptions"> <ul> <li> <div class="share-toolbar"> <a class="social-share" data-source="facebook" data-medium="social" title="Share this on Facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#4267B2" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M9 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style="display:none;" data-medium="app" data-source="navigator" title="More share options"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#222" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M5 7c2.761 0 5 2.239 5 5s-2.239 5-5 5-5-2.239-5-5 2.239-5 5-5zm11.122 12.065c-.073.301-.122.611-.122.935 0 2.209 1.791 4 4 4s4-1.791 4-4-1.791-4-4-4c-1.165 0-2.204.506-2.935 1.301l-5.488-2.927c-.23.636-.549 1.229-.943 1.764l5.488 2.927zm7.878-15.065c0-2.209-1.791-4-4-4s-4 1.791-4 4c0 .324.049.634.122.935l-5.488 2.927c.395.535.713 1.127.943 1.764l5.488-2.927c.731.795 1.77 1.301 2.935 1.301 2.209 0 4-1.791 4-4z" /> </svg> </a> </div> </li> <script> (function() { if (navigator.share) { $(".social-share[data-source='navigator']").show(); } })() </script><li><a href="mailto:?subject=Half the world%E2%80%99s supply of element 99 used to reveal its chemical secrets&body=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/half-the-worlds-supply-of-element-99-used-to-reveal-its-chemical-secrets/4013168.article" class="email" title="Share this by email"></a></li> </ul> <ul class="pageOptions_right"> <li aria-live="polite"><a href="#commentsJump" class="commentButton scrollTo"><div class="commentCount"><span class="commentText commentHidden">No comments</span></div> <div class="commentIcon"> </div></a></li> <li class=" last" aria-live="polite" data-cache-bust="true" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/4013168/bookmark"> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="articleWrapper"> <div class="articleContent"> <div class="storytext"><p>Using less than 200 nanograms of einsteinium – half of the world’s supply at that time – scientists have uncovered the synthetic element’s bonding and spectroscopic behaviour for the first time.</p> <div class="inline_image image_size_full" data-attachment="511396" data-sequence="2"> <p class="picture"><img alt="An image showing the organic ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) which forms an EsIII coordination complex, enabling structural and spectroscopic studies" src="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xany/3/9/6/511396_s415860200317932_250848.png" sizes="(max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 780px" srcset="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xany/3/9/6/511396_s415860200317932_250848.png 480w,https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/600xany/3/9/6/511396_s415860200317932_250848.png 600w,https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/780xany/3/9/6/511396_s415860200317932_250848.png 780w" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" width="1498" height="448"></p> <div class="inline_meta"><p class="inline_source"><cite>Source: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03179-3">© Korey P Carter et al/Springer Nature Limited 2021</a></cite></p><p class="inline_caption">The organic ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) forms an Es(III) coordination complex, enabling structural and spectroscopic studies</p></div></div> <p>Discovered in the debris after the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb in 1952, <a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/3005765.article">einsteinium</a> is a highly radioactive actinide. As it doesn’t occur on Earth naturally, little is known about its chemistry beyond the fact that it forms a few halide and oxide salts. Making more than just trace amounts of it means bombarding lighter elements with neutrons for a prolonged period of time – a process that can only be done at one place in the world, the high flux isotope reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, US.</p> <p>The lab’s latest efforts produced only 400ng of element 99, half of which went to a team led by <a href="https://abergel.lbl.gov/">Rebecca Abergel</a> from the University of California, Berkeley, <a href="http://lise.lbl.gov/chbooth/">Corwin Booth</a> from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and <a href="https://www.lanl.gov/search-capabilities/profiles/stosh-kozimor.shtml">Stosh Kozimor</a> from Los Alamos National Laboratory. Despite working with less than 200ng of the element, the researchers managed to put einsteinium through x-ray absorption measurements, revealing its coordination chemistry and spectroscopic behaviour for the first time.</p> <p>In some ways, einsteinium behaves similarly to its lighter neighbours on the periodic table, taking on a +3 oxidation state in a complex with an octadentate hydroxypyridinone ligand. The compound’s short einsteinium–oxygen bond length, however, came as a surprise. Luminescence spectroscopy measurements gave another unexpected result. ‘The way [einsteinium] changed upon complexation is in the opposite direction in terms of shifting wavelength and energy than what happens with the other actinides,’ explains Abergel. The team is now working on confirming why einsteinium’s behaviour is so different to other actinides.</p> <h3 id="Normal_rules_no_longer_apply">Normal rules no longer apply</h3> <p>‘One thing that this speaks to is we don’t have a good handle on what the impacts of relativistic effects on the chemistry of these elements are,’ comments <a href="https://chemistry.mines.edu/project/shafer-jenifer/">Jenifer Shafer</a>, an expert in heavy actinide chemistry at the Colorado School of Mines, US. ‘The normal rules of quantum mechanics and electronic ordering – things like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hund%27s_rules">Hund’s rule</a> – seem to dissolve as you get into this part of the periodic table.’</p> <blockquote> <p>One of the most exciting things about doing actinide chemistry, is that they are elements that we get to write the textbook for</p> <p class="quotesource">Stosh Kozimor, Los Alamos National Laboratory</p> </blockquote> <p>Shafer is impressed with the Berkeley team’s ability to make the experiments happen in the first place. ‘I do a little bit of work with einsteinium, but I can’t imagine the challenge of trying to coordinate getting a few hundred nanograms and getting significant chemical data with it,’ she says.</p> <p>‘You can’t actually see [the material when it arrives],’ recalls UC Berkeley researcher <a href="https://nuc.berkeley.edu/students/kathy-shield/">Katherine Shield</a>, who did a lot of the bench chemistry. ‘It comes in a little vial, but the only way that you know that you’re actually working with it is by using radiation detectors.’ Apart from the miniscule amount the researchers had to work with, einsteinium’s 275-day half-life meant they were losing material as time went on. ‘You really, really hope that you don’t accidentally drop the one droplet while you’re doing the chemistry,’ Shield says.</p> <p>Before even receiving the einsteinium, the team had carefully laid out the experiments they wanted to run and in what order, to minimise material loss. ‘We planned a lot in advance and nothing went according to that plan,’ laughs Abergel. Discovering that their sample contained high amounts of californium, they had to abandon planned x-ray diffraction experiments and turn to x-ray absorption spectroscopy, which allowed them to ignore the contaminant.</p> <p>After preparing the einsteinium complex at Berkeley, team member <a href="https://chem.uiowa.edu/people/korey-carter">Korey Carter</a> then drove the precious – and hazardous – sample for an hour to the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. Once there, handling half of the world’s supply of einsteinium was ‘absolutely terrifying’, recalls Kozimor. ‘It takes a well-rehearsed team and steady nerves.’</p> <p>‘It’s also a real privilege to be doing this kind of science,’ says Abergel. Understanding einsteinium’s chemical behaviour could help scientists produce and purify it with a view to <a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/1010345.article">making even heavier elements</a>. ‘Einsteinium targets would make it more plausible to potentially identify the <a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/1017677.article">island of stability</a>, which is a huge deal for nuclear physicists,’ explains Shield. The island of stability is a predicted set of superheavy isotopes that may have considerably longer half-lives than their near-neighbours.</p> <p>For now, the team will keep working with the remaining einsteinium sample, carrying out electron microscopy, radioanalysis and separation experiments. ‘One of the most exciting things about doing actinide chemistry, is that they are elements that we get to write the textbook for. It’s truly exploratory,’ says Kozimor.</p></div><div id="storytext-end" class="storytext-end"></div><div class="storyMeta"><h3>References</h3><p>K P Carter <em>et al</em>,<em> Nature</em>, 2021, DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03179-3">10.1038/s41586-020-03179-3</a></p></div><div class="storyAuthorComponent"><div class="storyAuthor"><div class="storyAuthorContainer"><a href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/katrina-krämer/1630.bio" rel="author" class="authorPicture"><img alt="Katrina Krämer" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width:767px) 74px, 112px" src="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/112x112/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Ft%2Fx%2Fc%2Fkatrinakramer_1082_043.jpg" srcset="https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/74x74/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Ft%2Fx%2Fc%2Fkatrinakramer_1082_043.jpg 74w,https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/112x112/P/Pictures%2Fweb%2Ft%2Fx%2Fc%2Fkatrinakramer_1082_043.jpg 112w" width="74" height="74" class="lazyloaded" /></a><div 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class="sleeve"><span class="topicsLabel"></span><h2>Topics</h2><ul class="topicsList"><li><a href="/atomic-structure/115825.subject">Atomic structure</a></li><li><a href="/inorganic-chemistry/183.subject">Inorganic chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/physical-chemistry/191.subject">Physical chemistry</a></li><li><a href="/superheavy-elements/2361.tag">superheavy elements</a></li><li><a href="/transactinides/186.subject">Transactinides</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="pageOptions"> <ul> <li> <div class="share-toolbar"> <a class="social-share" data-source="facebook" data-medium="social" title="Share this on Facebook"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="#4267B2" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z" /> </svg> </a> <a class="social-share" data-source="twitter" data-medium="social" title="Share this on X (Twitter)"> <svg 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} #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-ven-hdr .ot-ext-lnk { display:none; } #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-chkbox input:checked~label::before { background-color: #1f92d1; } #onetrust-pc-sdk .ot-chkbox label::before { border-color: #1f92d1 } #onetrust-pc-sdk #filter-btn-handler { background-color: #1f92d1 } /*OneTrust policy page */ #ot-sdk-cookie-policy-v2.ot-sdk-cookie-policy #cookie-policy-title, #ot-sdk-cookie-policy-v2.ot-sdk-cookie-policy li { color: #212121 } #ot-sdk-cookie-policy .ot-sdk-container { width: 100% !important; max-width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 !important; box-sizing: border-box; } #ot-sdk-cookie-policy-v2.ot-sdk-cookie-policy .ot-sdk-cookie-policy-group-desc, #ot-sdk-cookie-policy-v2.ot-sdk-cookie-policy #cookie-policy-description { font-size:1rem; line-height:1.602rem; margin-bottom:24px; color:#444; } #ot-sdk-cookie-policy h3 { font-size: 1.424rem; line-height: 1.802rem; font-family: Avenir,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-weight: 400; display: inline-block; padding-bottom: 10px; 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line-height:2.027rem; margin-bottom:28px; color:#444; } } @media screen and (min-width:1024px) { #ot-sdk-cookie-policy h3 { font-size: 1.802rem; line-height: 2.281rem; } } /* Cookie footer*/ #ot-cookie-footer { display:none; } #ot-cookie-msg { columns:1; -webkit-columns: 1; justify-content: center; } #ot-cookie-msg>li { display:none; } #ot-cookie-msg>li a { color:#1f92d1; } </style> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "description": "Scientists explore einsteinium’s unusual chemistry using less than 200 nanograms of the precious and highly radioactive material", "image": "https://d2cbg94ubxgsnp.cloudfront.net/Pictures/2000xAny/3/9/5/511395_s415860200317932h_477943.png", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/half-the-worlds-supply-of-element-99-used-to-reveal-its-chemical-secrets/4013168.article" }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Katrina Krämer" }, "dateCreated": "2021-02-04", "dateModified": "2024-09-20", "datePublished": "2021-02-04", "hasPart": { "@type": "WebPageElement", "isAccessibleForFree": false, "cssSelector": ".restrictedcontent" }, "headline": "Half the world’s supply of element 99 used to reveal its chemical secrets", "isAccessibleForFree": false, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Chemistry World", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.chemistryworld.com/magazine/dest/graphics/logo/logo.png" } } }</script>  <script src="https://assets.chemistryworld.com/common/js/story_2024.js?v=202409231110" defer></script> </body> </html>

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Half the world’s supply of element 99 used to reveal its chemical secrets | Research | Chemistry World